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2018 Sunrisers Hyderabad season

2026-05-05T00:19:13Z

BabulHossainjoy: created entry

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]]
| coach = [[Tom Moody]]
| captain = [[Kane Williamson]]
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], Hyderabad<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-cops-pad-up-for-ipl-mania/article23460404.ece|title=Hyderabad cops pad up for IPL mania|date=7 April 2018|website=The Hindu|access-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806151808/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-cops-pad-up-for-ipl-mania/article23460404.ece|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| comp1 = [[2018 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Runners-up
| prevseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2017|2017]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2019|2019]]
| most runs = [[Kane Williamson]] (735)
| most wickets = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (21) [[Siddarth Kaul]] (21)
| most catches = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (12)
| most dismissals = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] (6)
}}
[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (SRH) are a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2018 Indian Premier League]], making their sixth appearance in all IPL tournaments. The team was captained by [[Kane Williamson]] and coached by [[Tom Moody]] with [[Simon Helmot]] as assistant coach, [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] as bowling coach and [[V. V. S. Laxman]] as mentor.

They began their season by winning their opening fixture on 9 April, and went on to become the first team to qualify for the play-offs on 10 May. They beat the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in Qualifier 2 to reach the [[2018 Indian Premier League final|Final]] where they lost to the [[Chennai Super Kings]] by eight wickets to finish the season as runners-up. Williamson won the Orange Cap for scoring 735 runs in the IPL season.<ref name="IPLAwards" />

[[Image:Kane Williamson (9773667991).jpg|thumb|right|alt=A man playing a shot wearing New Zealand Test jersey|[[Kane Williamson]] was appointed as the captain of Sunrisers for 2018 IPL]]

==Background==
The [[Chennai Super Kings]] and the [[Rajasthan Royals]] were re-included in the 2018 season after serving two years of suspension from the competition due to the involvement of their owners in the [[2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|2013 IPL betting scandal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/chennai-super-kings-rajasthan-royals-back-in-indian-premier-league-bcci/articleshow/59597507.cms|title=Chennai Super Kings, Rajasthan Royals back in Indian Premier League: BCCI|date=14 July 2017|website=The Times of India|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812103818/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/chennai-super-kings-rajasthan-royals-back-in-indian-premier-league-bcci/articleshow/59597507.cms|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The IPL Governing Council also announced that a maximum of five players can be retained by each IPL team of which no more than three can be selected through retention in the lead up to the auction, and a maximum of three through right-to-match (RTM) cards during the auction. The other restrictions on player retention were: a maximum of three capped Indian players can be retained, and only two overseas and two uncapped Indian players can be retained - kept to avoid repetition. The salary cap for each team for the 2018 season had been increased from {{INRConvert|660|m}} to {{INRConvert|800|m}}. A franchise was allowed to spend a total of only {{INRConvert|330|m}} on retention ahead of the 2018 IPL auction, leaving it at least {{INRConvert|470|m}} to spend at the auction.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagaraj|title=IPL franchises allowed to retain up to five players|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21686284/ipl-franchises-allowed-retain-five-players|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206221312/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21686284/ipl-franchises-allowed-retain-five-players|archive-date=6 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IPL franchises allowed to retain up to five players|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/98824/ipl-franchises-allowed-to-retain-upto-five-players-indian-premier-league|publisher=Cricbuzz|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

== Player acquisition ==
{{main|List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}

===Retention===
The Sunrisers Hyderabad announced their retention list on 4 January 2018 retaining [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]. They went into the 2018 IPL auction with the remaining salary cap of {{INRConvert|590|m}} and three right-to-match cards.<ref name=srhretention>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagaraj|title=Kohli and Rohit retained; Dhoni reunited with CSK|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21956940/kohli-rohit-retained-dhoni-reunited-csk|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=4 January 2018|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104150127/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21956940/kohli-rohit-retained-dhoni-reunited-csk|archive-date=4 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Player auction===
The Sunrisers Hyderabad started the auction by using their first RTM card for [[Shikhar Dhawan]]. They acquired [[Shakib Al Hasan]] and welcomed back [[Kane Williamson]] from marquee list in auction. They bid heavily on [[Manish Pandey]] and got him for {{INRConvert|110|m}} which made him the joint-most expensive buy of the day for an Indian player. They later added [[Carlos Brathwaite]] and [[Yusuf Pathan]] from the capped all-rounders list and also got [[Wriddhiman Saha]] as their first-choice wicket-keeper. They used their remaining two RTM cards to retain [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] and [[Deepak Hooda]]. They later added [[Ricky Bhui]] to their batting line-up. They participated actively during the auction of uncapped fast-bowlers retaining [[Siddarth Kaul]] and also getting the services of [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], [[Basil Thampi]] and [[Khaleel Ahmed]]. This ended the first day of auction for the Sunrisers with the addition of 14 players to their squad spending {{INRConvert|510.5|m}}.<ref name=iplauctionday1>{{cite web|title=Gayle, Malinga go unsold on day one of auction|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22229271/chris-gayle-lasith-malinga-go-unsold-day-one-auction|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 January 2018|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127204554/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22229271/chris-gayle-lasith-malinga-go-unsold-day-one-auction|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the second day, the Sunrisers got [[Mohammad Nabi]] back into their squad and later added [[Sandeep Sharma]], possibly to form an opening bowling partnership with [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]. They also added [[Sachin Baby]], [[Billy Stanlake]] and [[Shreevats Goswami]], before retaining [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] and [[Tanmay Agarwal]] to add depth to their squad in the accelerated process in the auction. The franchise bought [[Bipul Sharma]] and the local boy, [[Mehdi Hasan (cricketer, born 1990)|Mehdi Hasan]], in the second round of the auction to fill their maximum quota of 25 players. This ended the second day of auction for the Sunrisers Hyderabad with the addition of 9 players for {{INRConvert|73|m}}.<ref name=iplauctionday2>{{cite web|title=Late Kings XI bid keeps Gayle in the IPL|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22238693/late-kings-xi-bid-keeps-chris-gayle-ipl|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=28 January 2018|access-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128191633/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22238693/late-kings-xi-bid-keeps-chris-gayle-ipl|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Retained players: <s>[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]</s> and [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]<ref name=srhretention />

;Released players: [[Tanmay Agarwal]], [[Kane Williamson]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]], [[Ricky Bhui]], [[Moises Henriques]], [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Yuvraj Singh]], [[Deepak Hooda]], [[Bipul Sharma]], [[Ben Cutting]], [[Vijay Shankar]], [[Naman Ojha]], [[Eklavya Dwivedi]], [[Siddarth Kaul]], [[Mohammed Siraj]], [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]], [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]], [[Barinder Sran]], [[Ashish Nehra]], [[Mustafizur Rahman]], [[Abhimanyu Mithun]], [[Ben Laughlin (cricketer)|Ben Laughlin]], [[Pravin Tambe]]

;Added players: [[Shikhar Dhawan]]{{ref label|rounding|RTM|RTM}}, [[Shakib Al Hasan]], [[Kane Williamson]], [[Manish Pandey]], [[Carlos Brathwaite]], [[Yusuf Pathan]], [[Wriddhiman Saha]], [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]]{{ref label|rounding|RTM|RTM}}, [[Ricky Bhui]], [[Deepak Hooda]]{{ref label|rounding|RTM|RTM}}, [[Siddarth Kaul]], [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], [[Basil Thampi]], [[Khaleel Ahmed]],<ref name=iplauctionday1 /> [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Sandeep Sharma]], [[Sachin Baby]], [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]], [[Billy Stanlake]], [[Tanmay Agarwal]], [[Shreevats Goswami]], [[Bipul Sharma]]{{ref label|rounding|REC-1|REC}}, [[Mehdi Hasan (cricketer, born 1990)|Mehdi Hasan]]{{ref label|rounding|REC-1|REC}}<ref name=iplauctionday2 />

;Replacement players: [[Alex Hales]]<ref name=hales />

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of sold and unsold players|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128031100/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live|date=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2018/Sunrisers Hyderabad Squad|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1134862.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140831/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1134862.html|archive-date=4 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Signed Year''' denotes year from which player is continuously associated with Sunrisers Hyderabad

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Salary
!Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| 2|| '''[[Alex Hales]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1989|1|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|m}} || Overseas. Replacement to Warner.<ref name=hales>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/101364/ipl-2018-sunrisers-hyderabad-replace-david-warner-with-alex-hales|title=SRH replace David Warner with Alex Hales|date=31 March 2018|publisher=Cricbuzz|access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|10|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1989|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|110|m}} ||
|-
|11|| [[Tanmay Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1995|05|03|df=y}} ||Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|m}} ||
|-
|18|| [[Sachin Baby]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|12|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|m}} ||
|-
|22|| '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|08|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|m}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]], Overseas.<ref name=williamsoncaptain />
|-
|25|| '''[[Shikhar Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1985|12|5|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2013 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|52|m}} ||
|-
|27|| [[Ricky Bhui]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1996|11|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|m}} ||
|-
|31|| '''[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1986|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|120|m}} || Overseas. Banned from IPL 2018.<ref name=warnerban>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22939978/david-warner-steven-smith-axed-ipl-2018|title=Warner and Smith axed from IPL 2018|date=28 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328170326/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22939978/david-warner-steven-smith-axed-ipl-2018|archive-date=28 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|4 || [[Mehdi Hasan (cricketer, born 1990)|Mehdi Hasan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|02|03|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|m}} ||
|-
|5 || [[Deepak Hooda]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1995|4|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|36|m}} ||
|-
|7 || '''[[Mohammad Nabi]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1985|1|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|m}} || Overseas.
|-
|17|| '''[[Yusuf Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1982|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|19|m}} ||
|-
|26|| '''[[Carlos Brathwaite]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|07|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|m}} || Overseas.
|-
|28|| [[Bipul Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1983|9|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|m}} ||
|-
|75|| '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1987|03|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|m}} || Overseas.
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|3 || [[Shreevats Goswami]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1989|05|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|m}} ||
|-
|6 || '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|m}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|9 || [[Siddarth Kaul]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|5|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|38|m}} ||
|-
|13|| [[Khaleel Ahmed]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1997|12|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|m}} ||
|-
|15 || '''[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|2|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|85|m}} || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]].<ref name=bhuvi_vicecaptain />
|-
|19|| '''[[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|90|m}} || Overseas.
|-
|30|| [[Basil Thampi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1993|09|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.5|m}} ||
|-
|34|| '''[[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|10|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|m}} || Overseas.
|-
|-
|37|| '''[[Billy Stanlake]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1994|11|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|m}} || Overseas. Ruled out due to fractured finger.<ref name=stanlakeinury>{{Cite tweet|number=988780785871208449|title=Billy Stanlake has been ruled out of the remainder of IPL 2018 owing to a fractured finger. The #OrangeArmy wishes him a speedy recovery.|user=SunRisers|date=24 April 2018|access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|44|| [[Thangarasu Natarajan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1991|5|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|m}} ||
|-
|66|| '''[[Sandeep Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1993|05|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|m}} ||
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 450
| image_style = border:none;

| image1 = Tom Moody Sunrisers.jpg
| width1 = 150 | height1 = 150
| alt1 = Tom Moody
| caption1 = Tom Moody

| image2 = VVSLaxman.jpg
| width2 = 150 | height2 = 150
| alt2 = VVS Laxman
| caption2 = VVS Laxman

| image3 = Photograph of Muttiah Muralitharan.jpg
| width3 = 150 | height3 = 150
| alt3 = Muttiah Muralitharan
| caption3 = Muralitharan
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Owner
| [[Kalanithi Maran]] ([[Sun Network]])
|-
| CEO
| K Shanmugham
|-
| Head coach
| [[Tom Moody]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Simon Helmot]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|-
| Mentor
| [[V. V. S. Laxman]]
|-
| Physio
| Theo Kapakoulakis
|-
| Physical trainer
| Jade Roberts
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name="coachingstaff">{{cite news|last=Paul|first=Abhishek|title=IPL 2018: Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH) eye second title sans David Warner|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2018-sunrisers-hyderabad-srh-eye-second-title-sans-david-warner/story-f6diggvP8zWeKeJnpJICRK.html|access-date=2 April 2018|website=Hindustan Times|date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403070714/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2018-sunrisers-hyderabad-srh-eye-second-title-sans-david-warner/story-f6diggvP8zWeKeJnpJICRK.html|archive-date=3 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[TYKA Sports]]
|[[Red FM 93.5]]
|[[Mankind Pharma|Manforce]]
|[[Rupa Company|Rupa]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite news|last=Khanna|first=Ashish|title=Red FM to be SunRisers Hyderabad lead sponsor for IPL 2018
|url=https://www.insidesport.co/red-fm-sunrisers-hyderabad-lead-sponsor-ipl-2018-0702042018/|website=Inside Sport| date=2 April 2018|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> 
|}

{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _yellowshoulders
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 000000
| body = FF6600
| rightarm = 000000
| pants = 000000
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

== Indian Premier League ==
{{main|2018 Indian Premier League}}
A total of eight teams competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] in the 2018 season. The teams played each other twice in a home-and-away [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format in the league phase. Two points were awarded for each win, one point per no-result, and none for defeats. The playoff stage was played according to the [[page playoff system]] and provided top two teams in the league stage with two ways of qualifying for the Final. The top two teams first faced each other in Qualifier 1, the winner of which qualified for the Final. The third and fourth placed teams in league stage faced each other in Eliminator. The loser of Qualifier 1 played against the winner of the Eliminator in Qualifier 2, the winner of which also qualified for the Final. The winner of Final was crowned as the IPL champions.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2018 Match Playing Conditions|url=https://www.iplt20.com/about/match-playing-conditions/|publisher=IPLT20|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612150725/https://www.iplt20.com/about/match-playing-conditions/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Offseason===
The fixtures for this season were released on 14 February with the Sunrisers Hyderabad playing their first match against the [[Rajasthan Royals]] on 9 April at their [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|home ground]] in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=iplfixtures>{{cite web|title=IPL 2018 Fixtures|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/1131611.html?template=fixtures|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 February 2018|access-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214034546/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/1131611.html?template=fixtures|archive-date=14 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplfixtures_announcement>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagaraj|title=Mumbai to play Chennai Super Kings in IPL season opener|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22436560/mumbai-play-chennai-super-kings-ipl-season-opener|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 February 2018|access-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214201547/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22436560/mumbai-play-chennai-super-kings-ipl-season-opener|archive-date=14 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 March, [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] resigned as the captain of the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the aftermath of a [[2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal|ball-tampering scandal]] in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/43566947|title=David Warner: Australian steps down as Sunrisers Hyderabad captain|date=28 March 2018|work=BBC|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506140743/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/43566947|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] later announced on the same day that Warner along with his Australian team-mate, [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]], would not be allowed to play in 2018 IPL after [[Cricket Australia]] imposed one-year ban imposed on them.<ref name=warnerban /> The following day, the Sunrisers Hyderabad announced [[Kane Williamson]] would serve as captain and [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] would be vice-captain for the season.<ref name=williamsoncaptain>{{Cite tweet|number=979263226746753024|user=SunRisers|date=29 March 2018|title=Kane Williamson has been appointed as captain of SunRisers Hyderabad for IPL 2018.|access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=bhuvi_vicecaptain>{{cite tweet|title=“We are happy to announce that Bhuvneshwar Kumar will be the vice-captain of SunRisers Hyderabad for IPL 2018” – K. Shanmugam, CEO, SunRisers Hyderabad|user=SunRisers|number=979333230049550336|date=29 March 2018|access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> Later, they announced [[Alex Hales]] as Warner's replacement for the season. The batsman was bought for his base price of {{INRConvert|10|m}} from the Registered and Available Player Pool (RAPP) list.<ref name=hales />
[[File:Alex Hales 2.JPG|thumb|300x300px|alt=A man playing a shot wearing England ODI jersey|[[Alex Hales]] replaced [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] for the season]]

On the squad available for this season, coach [[Tom Moody]] said,<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad have enough depth to replace David Warner: Tom Moody|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sunrisers-hyderabad-have-enough-depth-to-replace-david-warner-tom-moody/story-aSPxSj3ErKfJuhTKv2vPvK.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=6 April 2018|access-date=30 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185007/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sunrisers-hyderabad-have-enough-depth-to-replace-david-warner-tom-moody/story-aSPxSj3ErKfJuhTKv2vPvK.html|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{cquote|We have a very well balanced squad where we have a number of different people that can fill different roles within the team. The success we had in the auction, we managed to get the depth and balance that we wanted. Therefore, losing an impact player like David Warner, we have managed to fill, we can still get the balance we want, still have the impact that we want in the top six. We are replacing a good captain in David Warner, who was vice captain of the Australian team, with another international captain (Kane Williamson)}}

===Season summary===
====April====
On 9 April, the Sunrisers started their season campaign with a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match4|nine-wicket win]] over the Rajasthan Royals. Williamson, the Sunrisers' new captain, elected to field first after winning toss and the bowlers justified his call with [[Billy Stanlake]] making the batsmen struggle with his awkward bounce while spin twins [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] and [[Shakib Al Hasan]] further applied brakes in middle overs. [[Siddharth Kaul]] also impressed with two scalps while ensuring that he did not leak any runs in the death overs to restrict the Royals to 125/9 in 20 overs. [[Wriddhiman Saha]] opened with [[Shikhar Dhawan]] to start the chase for the Sunrisers but fell while attempting to loft over midfield. Dhawan, who got a reprieve after [[Ajinkya Rahane]] dropped his catch at first slip on zero, slammed a 33-ball [[Glossary of cricket terms#half century|half-century]] to complete the Sunrisers' chase with Williamson providing a stable stand, playing his natural game and "relying on pure timing and hand-eye coordination".<ref name=IPLR1>{{Cite web|last=Kishore|first=Shashank|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136564/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-rajasthan-royals-4th-match-ipl|title=Sunrisers bowlers prove too much for Royals|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=9 April 2018|access-date=9 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409143004/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136564/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-rajasthan-royals-4th-match-ipl|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R1>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/116844|title=Report: M4 - SRH vs RR|publisher=IPLT20|date=9 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415070444/https://www.iplt20.com/news/116844|archive-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 12 April, the Sunrisers eked out a hard-fought [[2018 Indian Premier League#match7|win]] over the [[Mumbai Indians]] in a last-ball thriller. Earlier, Williamson won the toss and elected to field. [[Sandeep Sharma]] was handed his debut for the Sunrisers, replacing the injured Bhuvneshwar, and started troubling the Mumbai Indians batsmen right from the start, but it was Stanlake who succeeded in dismissing [[Rohit Sharma]]. Later, Kaul dismissed [[Ishan Kishan]] and [[Evin Lewis]] inside power-play. The Mumbai Indians were slowly choked in the middle overs by Rashid, who bowled 18 dot balls and took wicket of [[Ben Cutting]].<ref name=iplt20R2stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/118489|title=Quick Stats: M7 - SRH vs MI|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143848/https://www.iplt20.com/news/118489|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Mumbai Indians' batsmen also played some reckless shots losing wickets which finally saw them finishing the innings with 147/8. With a low total to chase, Dhawan played aggressively and laid the platform for the chase stitching a 62-run partnership with Saha in just 6.5 overs. But the introduction of [[Mayank Markande]] saw the Sunrisers slip from 73/1 to 107/5. [[Yusuf Pathan]] and [[Deepak Hooda]] brought the Sunrisers to within 12 runs of victory before [[Jasprit Bumrah]] and [[Mustafizur Rahman]] delivered two vital strikes each. Off the final ball, Stanlake hoicked the slower delivery to the midwicket fence to script a one-wicket win.<ref name=IPLR2>{{Cite web|last=Kishore|first=Shashank|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136567/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Mumbai-Indians-7th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Frazzled Sunrisers squeeze home in last-ball thriller|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=12 April 2018|access-date=12 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413012939/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136567/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-mumbai-indians-7th-match-indian-premier-league-2018/|archive-date=13 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R2>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/118514|title=Report: M7 - SRH vs MI|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415064116/https://www.iplt20.com/news/118514|archive-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Sunrisers completed a hat-trick of wins in the season with a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match10|five-wicket win]] over the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] on 14 April.<ref name=iplt20R3stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/119888|title=Quick Stats: M10 - KKR vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=14 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145638/https://www.iplt20.com/news/119888|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Williamson once again won the toss and elected to field. [[Chris Lynn]] built a 39-run partnership with [[Nitish Rana]] after Bhuvneshwar removed [[Robin Uthappa]] early on. But the Sunrisers pulled the match back with Stanlake cramping Rana. [[Sunil Narine]] struggled at No.4 while an excellent catch by [[Manish Pandey]] sent [[Andre Russell]] back. Bhuvneshwar removed [[Dinesh Karthik]] in 19th over with the Sunrisers restricting the Knight Riders to 138/8. Saha provided a brisk start to the Sunrisers but the innings suffered a small collapse in the middle when spin was introduced. They recovered through a 59-run partnership between Williamson and Shakib with the former completing his half-century. In the end, Pathan finished the chase with two boundaries and a six to register the Sunrisers' first win ever at the [[Eden Gardens]].<ref name=IPLR3>{{Cite web|last=Shetty|first=Varun|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136570/Kolkata-Knight-Riders-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-10th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Ex-Knight Rider Shakib leads Sunrisers to first win in Kolkata|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415064621/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136570/Kolkata-Knight-Riders-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-10th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|archive-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R3>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/119902/report-m10-kkr-vs-srh|title=Report: M10 - KKR vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=14 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415034947/https://www.iplt20.com/news/119902/report-m10-kkr-vs-srh|archive-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 19 April, the Sunrisers [[2018 Indian Premier League#match16|lost]] their first match of the season to the [[Kings XI Punjab]] by 15 runs.<ref name=iplt20R4stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/122694|title=Quick Stats: M16 - KXIP vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=19 April 2018|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151850/https://www.iplt20.com/news/122694|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Williamson lost the toss and was put to field. The Kings XI started batting cautiously and [[Chris Gayle]] was initially dropped on 14 off Rashid by Saha - a difficult chance. Later, Gayle stopped his limits and launched into [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] and later Rashid scoring sixes. Though Gayle slowed in the middle when the Kings XI lost two quick wickets in succession, he again targeted Rashid hammering four sixes in an over to complete his century and helped the Kings XI finish strongly at 193/3. The Sunrisers suffered a jolt early in the chase when Dhawan was forced to retire hurt after taking a blow to his elbow. They also lost Saha and Pathan early to [[Mohit Sharma]]'s varying pace. Despite a 76-run stand between Williamson and Pandey, they struggled to catch up with the required run-rate. After losing Williamson and Hooda to [[Andrew Tye]]'s knuckle balls, the Sunrisers could manage only 178/4 in 20 overs.<ref name=IPLR4>{{Cite web|last=Muthu|first=Deivarayan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136576/Kings-XI-Punjab-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-16th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Gayle's blazing ton hands Sunrisers first loss|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 April 2018|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420224238/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136576/kings-xi-punjab-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-16th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R4>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/122696/report-m16-kxip-vs-srh|title=Report: M16 - KXIP vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=19 April 2018|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420004303/https://www.iplt20.com/news/122696/report-m16-kxip-vs-srh|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 April, the Sunrisers suffered their second successive [[2018 Indian Premier League#match20|defeat]], their first at home this season, to the [[Chennai Super Kings]] in a last ball thriller. The Super Kings struggled initially after being put in by Williamson, losing their openers but local player, [[Ambati Rayudu]], used his familiarity of the ground to beat the conditions and built a 112-run partnership with [[Suresh Raina]]. Despite starting slowly, Rayudu scored 48 off his last 16 balls before he was dismissed run-out due to a misunderstanding with his partner. A late flourish by [[MS Dhoni]] in the end helped the Super Kings finish at 182/3. The Sunrisers lost three quick wickets inside power-play to [[Deepak Chahar]] but Williamson kept the Sunrisers in the hunt with his knock of 84 off 51 balls. He built a 49-run partnership with Shakib who fell to [[Karn Sharma]] while trying to pace his innings. Pathan scored two sixes off [[Dwayne Bravo]] to bring the Sunrisers back to the game but the Super Kings came back dismissing Williamson. Despite Rashid's wild knock at the end, the Sunrisers fell short by four runs.<ref name=IPLR5>{{Cite web|last=Shetty|first=Varun|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136580/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Chennai-Super-Kings-20th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Rayudu, Chahar the difference as CSK pull off another close win|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=22 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426070224/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136580/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-20th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R5>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/124704/report-m20-srh-vs-csk|title=Report: M20 - SRH vs CSK|publisher=IPLT20|date=22 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428185241/https://www.iplt20.com/news/124704/report-m20-srh-vs-csk|archive-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Stanlake was ruled out of rest of the season due to a fractured finger which he sustained during the game against the Chennai Super Kings.<ref name=stanlakeinury /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23302319/billy-stanlake-leaves-ipl-2018-fractured-finger|title=Stanlake leaves IPL 2018 with fractured finger|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426192000/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23302319/billy-stanlake-leaves-ipl-2018-fractured-finger|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 April, the Sunrisers successfully [[2018 Indian Premier League#match23|defended]] 118 to complete their double over the Mumbai Indians by systematically dismantling them for 87 - the second lowest total successfully defended ever in the IPL.<ref name=iplt20R6stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/125976|title=Quick Stats: M23 - MI vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=24 April 2018|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612115116/https://www.iplt20.com/news/125976|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sunrisers lost openers early to [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] after they were put to bat. Williamson and Pandey then put on a 24-run stand to resurrect the innings before [[Hardik Pandya]] dismissed both. Another slow partnership was built between Pathan and [[Mohammad Nabi]] before Markande removed the latter, restricting the Sunrisers to 118/10 in 18.4 overs. With a low total to defend, the Sunrisers attacked early taking three quick wickets inside power-play. [[Krunal Pandya]] and [[Suryakumar Yadav]]'s 40-run partnership kept the Mumbai Indians in the hunt before Rashid trapped Krunal and managed to break into the Mumbai Indians' lower order. The loss of Suryakumar to [[Basil Thampi]] ended the Mumbai Indians' hopes. Mustafizur's mistimed pull in 19th over off Thampi ended the Sunrisers' losing streak.<ref name=IPLR6>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Shreshth|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136583/Mumbai-Indians-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-23rd-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Rashid and Kaul sink Mumbai in chase of 119|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426065500/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136583/mumbai-indians-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-23rd-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R6>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/125925/report-m23-mi-vs-srh|title=Report: M23 - MI vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=24 April 2018|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425011724/https://www.iplt20.com/news/125925/report-m23-mi-vs-srh|archive-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:SRH fans while an ipl match.jpg|thumb|left|300x300px|alt=Fans cheering for SRH holding team's flags|SRH fans while an IPL match in [[Hyderabad]]]]

On 26 April, the Sunrisers again defended another low score of 132 to [[2018 Indian Premier League#match25|win]] over the Kings XI Punjab. The Sunrisers struggled initially losing three quick wickets to [[Ankit Rajpoot]], after [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] opted to field. But the Sunrisers came back when Pandey, who was put down thrice – on 4, 9 & 44 – capitalized on it to put together a 52-run partnership with Shakib, who was also given a second chance when he was caught at zero off overstepping [[Barinder Sran]]. Pandey reached his half-century while building another crucial partnership with Pathan that helped the Sunrisers get to 132/6. [[K. L. Rahul]] and Gayle gave the perfect start to the Kings XI Punjab's chase shaving 53 runs off their target in seven overs but Rashid's leg-break dismissed Rahul and opened the flood-gates for Kings XI. With Thampi bouncing Gayle off, and Rashid and Shakib commanding the middle overs sharing five wickets between them, the Kings XI lost seven wickets for 41 runs and were eventually bowled out for 119.<ref name=IPLR7>{{Cite web|last=Muthu|first=Deivarayan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136585/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Kings-XI-Punjab-25th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title=Shakib, Rashid star as Sunrisers defend another low total|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426220948/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136585/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kings-xi-punjab-25th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R7>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/127039/report-m25-srh-vs-kxip|title=Report: M25 - SRH vs KXIP|work=IPLT20|date=26 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426234325/https://www.iplt20.com/news/127039/report-m25-srh-vs-kxip|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 29 April, the Sunrisers achieved a hat-trick of wins for the second time in the season with a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match28|11-run win]] over the Rajasthan Royals. Williamson won the toss and elected to bat first. Losing Dhawan early in the innings, Hales, who replaced Nabi, chose to bide his time to build a 92-run partnership with Williamson. Williamson paced the innings in the middle overs scoring 63 off 43 balls. But Hales' dismissal to [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] and [[Ish Sodhi]] removing Williamson sparked a collapse as [[Jofra Archer]] ran through the lineup to restrict the Sunrisers to 151/7. Sandeep ripped off [[Rahul Tripathi]]'s bails early in the innings for the Sunrisers. Rahane and [[Sanju Samson]] swiftly took the Royals to 72 until Kaul's knuckle ball saw off Samson for the Sunrisers. Losing [[Ben Stokes]] and [[Jos Buttler]] to Pathan and Rashid, pressure started to mount on the Royals. With some tight bowling at the end, the Sunrisers restricted Royals to 140/6 to complete a double over them in the season.<ref name=IPLR8>{{Cite web|last=Muthu|first=Deivarayan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136588/rajasthan-royals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-28th-match-ipl|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad ace another tight defence after batting slump|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=29 April 2018|access-date=29 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429214553/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136588/rajasthan-royals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-28th-match-ipl|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R8>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/128646/report-m28-rr-v-srh|title=Report: M28 - RR vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=29 April 2018|access-date=29 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429224327/https://www.iplt20.com/news/128646/report-m28-rr-v-srh|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

====May====
On 5 May the Sunrisers posted their highest successful run-chase of the season to register a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match36|win]] over the [[Delhi Daredevils]].<ref name=iplt20R9stats>{{Cite web|last= Gupta|first= Rajneesh|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/132464|title= Quick Stats: M36 - SRH vs DD|publisher= IPLT20|date= 5 May 2018|access-date= 5 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612150030/https://www.iplt20.com/news/132464|archive-date= 12 June 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> After winning the toss and electing to bat, the Daredevils started brightly, riding on a half-century from [[Prithvi Shaw]] and a useful 44 from [[Shreyas Iyer]] to reach 95/1 in 10 overs. But the Sunrisers bowlers reeled them back with Rashid foxing Shaw and later [[Rishabh Pant]] with his varying pace. Rashid also kept his overs tight, which resulted in [[Naman Ojha]]'s run-out. [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]'s last-over burst off Bhuvneshwar for 17 runs helped the Daredevils finish with 163/5. The Sunrisers openers provided the perfect start, with Hales scoring 45 off 31 balls after [[Glenn Maxwell]] dropped a sitter when Hales was on nine. They put on 76 runs in nine overs before [[Amit Mishra]] removed both. Later, Williamson and Pandey added 46 runs for third wicket before Pandey fell to [[Liam Plunkett]] while trying to pace the chase. In the end Pathan struck two fours and two sixes to complete the chase and give the Sunrisers their fourth consecutive victory in the season.<ref name=IPLR9>{{Cite web|last= Krishnaswamy|first= Karthik|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136596/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-delhi-daredevils-36th-match-ipl|title= Sunrisers pull off their season's best chase to go No. 1|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 5 May 2018|access-date= 5 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180506002348/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136596/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-delhi-daredevils-36th-match-ipl|archive-date= 6 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R9>{{Cite web|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/132452/report-m36-srh-vs-dd|title= Report: M36 - SRH vs DD|publisher= IPLT20|date= 5 May 2018|access-date= 5 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180506043435/https://www.iplt20.com/news/132452/report-m36-srh-vs-dd|archive-date= 6 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

On 7 May the Sunrisers equaled their best streak of five consecutive wins by [[2018 Indian Premier League#match39|defeating]] the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] at home by five runs. Put in to bat by [[Virat Kohli]], the Sunrisers lost three quick wickets before Williamson built a 64-run partnership with Shakib. Williamson adapted to the pitch, perfectly maneuvering the ball into the gaps with 31 coming off his first 29 balls and later increasing the pace - hitting 25 off the next nine balls. But after both set batsmen were dismissed in the space of eight deliveries, the Royal Challengers came back into the match in the final overs as the Sunrisers lost five wickets for 12 runs in the last two overs to be bowled out for 146. Royal Challengers started the chase strongly with [[Glossary of cricket terms#cameo|cameo]] from [[Parthiv Patel]] and a flurry of shots from Kohli, who shaved 55 off the target. Once Patel was dismissed, the Royal Challengers lost three quick wickets to slip to 84/5. [[Mandeep Singh]] and [[Colin de Grandhomme]] rebuilt their chase with a 57-run partnership, but tight bowling by the Sunrisers at the end saw the Royal Challengers fall short by five runs.<ref name=IPLR10>{{Cite web|last= Muthu|first= Deivarayan|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136599/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-39th-match-ipl|title= Williamson, Rashid all but seal RCB's fate|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 7 May 2018|access-date= 7 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180508011704/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136599/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-39th-match-ipl|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R10>{{Cite web|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/133811/report-m39-srh-vs-rcb|title= Report: M39 - SRH vs RCB|publisher= IPLT20|date= 7 May 2018|access-date= 7 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180508034718/https://www.iplt20.com/news/133811/report-m39-srh-vs-rcb|archive-date= 8 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

On 10 May the Sunrisers successfully chased their 188-run target against the Delhi Daredevils to register a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match42|nine-wicket win]] and became the first team to qualify for the [[2018 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|playoffs]]. Earlier, Pant scored an unbeaten 128 - the highest score by an Indian batsman in Twenty20 cricket.<ref name=iplt20R11stats>{{Cite web|last= Gupta|first= Rajneesh|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/135138|title=Quick Stats: M42 - DD vs SRH|publisher= IPLT20|date= 10 May 2018|access-date= 11 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144904/https://www.iplt20.com/news/135138|archive-date= 12 June 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> After their being put to field by Pant, the Sunrisers' bowling attack slowed the Daredevils' start, with Shakib dismissing Shaw and [[Jason Roy]] in successive balls. Then Iyer was dismissed run-out due to a mix-up with Pant. [[Harshal Patel]] tried to pace the innings with a couple of sixes off slower balls, but another mix-up in the middle by Pant resulted in Harshal's run-out. Later, Pant started to [[clear the rope]] with ease, taking the attack to the Sunrisers' bowlers. He brought up his century in 56 balls and finished strongly for the Daredevils, scoring 26 runs in the last over off Bhuvneshwar. Though the Sunrisers lost Hales early, Dhawan, along with Williamson, batted freely, with both maneuvering the gaps and rotating the strike. The Daredevils' bowlers tried every trick to end the partnership, but both continued to find the big overs as the Sunrisers chased the target with seven balls to spare to complete a double over the Daredevils in the season and also to extend their record-winning streak to six.<ref name=IPLR11>{{Cite web|last= Muthu|first= Deivarayan|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136602/delhi-daredevils-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-42nd-match-ipl|title= Pant's epic ton in vain as Sunrisers reach playoffs|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 10 May 2018|access-date= 11 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180511031429/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136602/delhi-daredevils-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-42nd-match-ipl|archive-date= 11 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R11>{{Cite web|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/135113/report-m42-dd-vs-srh|title= Report: M42 - DD vs SRH|publisher= IPLT20|date= 10 May 2018|access-date= 11 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180511221540/https://www.iplt20.com/news/135113/report-m42-dd-vs-srh|archive-date= 11 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

On 13 May the Chennai Super Kings snapped the Sunrisers' winning streak by handing them an [[2018 Indian Premier League#match46|eight-wicket defeat]]. Dhoni won the toss, and his bowlers exploited the swing to keep the Sunrisers' batting quiet. Chahar got rid of Hales and forced Dhawan and Williamson to bat cautiously. As the pitch became flat and the swing gone, both batsmen struck the ball well to complete their half-centuries and stitched together a 123-run partnership. The Super Kings pulled things back to remove both off consecutive balls, and despite a late surge by Hooda, the Super Kings were able to restrict the Sunrisers to 179/4. With no swing to assist the bowlers, the Super Kings' batsmen, [[Shane Watson]] and Rayudu, stitched together a 134-run opening partnership until a late call from Rayudu got Watson run out. But the century from Rayudu and a brisk knock from Dhoni completed the chase for the Super Kings.<ref name=IPLR12>{{Cite web|last= Monga|first= Sidharth|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136606/Chennai-Super-Kings-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-46th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018|title= Rayudu hundred puts CSK on brink of playoffs|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 13 May 2018|access-date= 16 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180516104134/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136606/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-46th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date= 16 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R12>{{Cite web|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/137207/report-m46-csk-vs-srh|title= Report: M46 - CSK vs SRH|publisher= IPLT20|date= 13 May 2018|access-date= 16 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180517015059/https://www.iplt20.com/news/137207/report-m46-csk-vs-srh|archive-date= 17 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R12stats>{{Cite web|first= Rajneesh|last= Gupta|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/137496|title= Quick Stats: M46 - CSK vs SRH|publisher= IPLT20|date= 13 May 2018|access-date= 16 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151019/https://www.iplt20.com/news/137496|archive-date= 12 June 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Cheering Sunrisers Hyderabd.jpg|thumb|alt=Cheerleaders cheering for SRH wearing team colours|The Sunrisers Hyderabad [[cheerleader]]s]]

On 17 May the Sunrisers suffered their second consecutive [[2018 Indian Premier League#match51|defeat]], a 14-run loss to the Royal Challengers Bangalore, in a high-scoring match, as Williamson's brisk knock of 81 in 42 balls went in vain. After winning the toss and electing to field, the Sunrisers removed Parthiv early in the first over, but Kohli played cautiously with [[AB de Villiers]] at the other end. When Rashid removed Kohli inside six overs, [[Moeen Ali]] joined hands with de Villiers to steer the match as they added 107 in 57 balls. De Grandhomme and [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] provided the final flourish as the Royal Challengers added 69 in the last five overs to finish the innings with 218/6. The Sunrisers got off to a solid start, with Hales and Dhawan adding 47, but Williamson's knock helped the Sunrisers to take control of the match as he built a 135-run partnership with Pandey. Williamson's dismissal in the first ball of the last over off [[Mohammad Siraj]] sealed the win for the Royal Challengers as the Sunrisers fell short by 14 runs.<ref name=IPLR13>{{Cite web|last= Muthu|first= Deivarayan|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136611/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-51st-match-indian-premier-league-2018|title= Williamson special in vain as de Villiers, Moeen keep RCB alive|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 17 May 2018|access-date= 25 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180524182951/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136611/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-51st-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date= 24 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iplt20R13>{{Cite web|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/139390/report-m51-rcb-vs-srh|title= Report: M51 - RCB vs SRH|publisher= IPLT20|date= 17 May 2018|access-date= 25 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180526051759/https://www.iplt20.com/news/139390/report-m51-rcb-vs-srh|archive-date= 26 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

On 19 May the Kolkata Knight Riders handed a [[2018 Indian Premier League#match54|five-wicket defeat]] to the Sunrisers in the final league match of the season. Earlier, the Sunrisers' openers, [[Shreevats Goswami]] and Dhawan, capitalized during the power-play, scoring 60 runs. Williamson did not let the scoring rate dip for the Sunrisers after Goswami's departure. But their batting collapsed after Williamson's dismissal as the Sunrisers lost eight wickets for 45 runs in the last 43 balls, with [[Prasidh Krishna]] the best pick among the Knight Riders' bowlers with figures of 4/30. Narine set the tempo for the Knight Riders' chase and took the total to 66 in power-play.<ref name=iplt20R14stats>{{Cite web|last= Gupta|first= Rajneesh|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/140907|title= Quick Stats: M54 - SRH VS KKR|publisher= IPLT20|date= 19 May 2018|access-date= 25 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145923/https://www.iplt20.com/news/140907|archive-date= 12 June 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> After Narine's departure, Lynn and Uthappa further firmed the Knight Riders' grip on the chase, adding 67 runs for the second wicket. Later, Karthik finished off the game for the Knight Riders as they became the third team to qualify for playoffs.<ref name=IPLR14>{{Cite web|last= Kalro|first= Nikhil|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136614/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-54th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|title= Narine, Lynn and Uthappa book KKR's playoffs spot|publisher= ESPNcricinfo|date= 19 May 2018|access-date= 25 May 2018|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180524172416/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136614/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-54th-match-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date= 24 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}
</ref><ref name=iplt20R14>
{{Cite web
|last= Gopalakrishnan|first= Arun
|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/140885/report-m54-srh-vs-kkr
|title= Report: M54 - SRH vs KKR|publisher= IPLT20
|date= 19 May 2018|access-date= 25 May 2018
|language=en
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180526051703/https://www.iplt20.com/news/140885/report-m54-srh-vs-kkr
|archive-date= 26 May 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all
}}
</ref>

====Playoffs====
On 22 May, the Sunrisers [[2018 Indian Premier League#match57|lost]] to the Chennai Super Kings in Qualifier 1 but had another chance of making it to the finals by virtue of finishing in top two of the league stage table. After being put in to bat, the Sunrisers lost Dhawan off the first ball of the match which triggered a top-order batting collapse.<ref name=iplt20Q1stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/143016|title=Quick Stats: Q1 - SRH vs CSK|publisher=IPLT20|date=22 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145232/https://www.iplt20.com/news/143016|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Williamson and Shakib lost their wickets to short balls while Goswsami and Pathan gave return catches to [[Lungi Ngidi]] and [[Ravindra Jadeja]]. However, a late innings attack from [[Carlos Brathwaite]], who built a 51-run partnership with Bhuvneshwar, helped the Sunrisers to finish with 139/7 in 20 overs. The Sunrisers bowlers started strongly as Bhuvneshwar removed Watson for a duck and Kaul dismissed Rayudu and Raina off successive balls. Dhoni tried to rebuild innings with [[Faf du Plessis]] but was castled by a [[googly]] from Rashid. Rashid and Shakib kept the scoring rate tight in the middle overs by regularly taking wickets. But du Plessis' late surge of 46 in his last 18 balls won the match for the Super Kings and took his team to the final.<ref name=IPLQ1>{{Cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136617/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-qualifier-1-indian-premier-league-2018|title=Faf du Plessis pulls off great escape to lead CSK into IPL final|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=22 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524180803/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136617/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-qualifier-1-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20Q1>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/142982/report-q1-srh-vs-csk|title=Report: Q1 - SRH vs CSK|publisher=IPLT20|date=22 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526045358/https://www.iplt20.com/news/142982/report-q1-srh-vs-csk|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 25 May, the Sunrisers snapped their four-match losing streak [[2018 Indian Premier League#match59|defeating]] the Kolkata Knight Riders and made it to the final in the penultimate match of the season. Put in to bat, Dhawan and Saha started on a cautious note, punishing bad balls and built their partnership to 56, before [[Kuldeep Yadav]] struck twice in the same over and Chawla once to remove both set batsmen and Williamson. The Knight Riders continued to pile pressure on the Sunrisers batsmen, taking wickets regularly in the middle overs. But Rashid launched a brisk knock at the end-overs scoring 34 off just ten balls and took his team to a total of 174. The Knight Riders got off to a quick start from Narine and Lynn. Rana further ensured that the high scoring rate was maintained after Narine's departure. But a slip from Rana while running resulted in his run-out and triggered a collapse for Knight Riders, as Rashid took three wickets and Shakib took one apart from keeping the runs down. [[Shubman Gill]] kept the Knight Riders' hopes alive with some flurry of shots but Brathwaite struck twice in succession in the last over to restrict the Knight Riders to 161/9. Rashid became the first player in IPL history to score 25 runs, take three wickets, hold on to two catches and be involved in effecting a run-out in the same match.<ref name=iplt20Q2stats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144156/quick-stats-q2-srh-vs-kkr|title=Quick Stats: Q2 - SRH vs KKR|publisher=IPLT20|date=25 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526003403/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144156/quick-stats-q2-srh-vs-kkr|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=IPLQ2>{{Cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136619/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-qualifier-2-indian-premier-league-2018|title=Rashid Khan gives Sunrisers another crack at CSK and IPL title|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526043408/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136619/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-qualifier-2-indian-premier-league-2018|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20Q2>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144121/report-q2-srh-vs-kkr|title=Report: Q2 - SRH vs KKR|publisher=IPLT20|date=25 May 2018|access-date=25 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525225452/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144121/report-q2-srh-vs-kkr|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 May, the Sunrisers [[2018 Indian Premier League#match60|lost]] to the Chennai Super Kings in the final to end the tournament as runners-up. This was their fourth loss to the same opponent in the season.<ref name=iplt20Fstats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144850/quick-stats-final-csk-vs-srh|title=Quick Stats: Final - CSK vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527213446/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144850/quick-stats-final-csk-vs-srh|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni put the Sunrisers in to bat and the team lost Goswami early. Dhawan and Williamson played cautiously in the beginning but the Sunrisers lost Dhawan to Jadeja once he tried to pace his innings. The Sunrisers made runs from their middle-order despite losing wickets at regular intervals in the middle overs. A final flourish came from Pathan and Brathwaite who finished the Sunrisers' innings at 178/6. The Super Kings lost du Plessis early but Watson and Raina did not give the Sunrisers any chance to bounce back with their 117-run partnership. Though Watson started slowly playing out Bhuvneshwar's overs, he pummeled the other Sunrisers bowlers to reach his second century in the IPL season. After Raina's departure, Rayudu joined hands with Watson to complete the chase for the Super Kings and helped them lift their third IPL trophy.<ref name=IPLF>{{Cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-ipl|title=Shane Watson the hero as CSK claim third IPL crown|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528023322/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-ipl|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iplt20F>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144919/report-final-csk-vs-srh|title=Report: Final - CSK vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527213117/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144919/report-final-csk-vs-srh|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Williamson was awarded the [[List of Indian Premier League awards#Orange Cap|Orange Cap]] for scoring most runs in [[2018 Indian Premier League#Most Runs|the season]]. He became the second captain of the Sunrisers after Warner to receive the award.<ref name=iplt20mostruns /><ref name=IPLAwards />

== Season overview ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

=== League stage ===
;Standings
{{2018 Indian Premier League Points table}}
;Results by match
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|H]]/ H/ [[Eden Gardens|A]]/ [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|A]]/ H/ [[Wankhede Stadium|A]]/ H/ [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|A]]/ H/ H/ [[Feroz Shah Kotla|A]]/ [[M.A. Chidambaram Stadium|A]]/ [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|A]]/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= W/ W/ W/ L/ L/ W/ W/ W/ W/ W/ W/ L/ L/ L
|label3= Position
| pos3= 1/ 1/ 1/ 2/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2| text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-4=#ffc
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}
{{col-2}}

=== Playoff stage ===
{{4TeamBracket-PagePlayoff
| team-width=230
| score-width=120
| RD1-text1 = 22 May — [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]]
| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| RD1-score1 = 139/7 (20 overs)
| RD1-seed2 = '''2'''
| RD1-team2 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD1-score2 = '''140/8 (19.1 overs)'''
| P1Winner = Chennai
| P1Margin = '''2 wickets'''
| P1Matchno = 57

| RD1-text2 = 23 May — [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]]
| RD1-seed3 = '''3'''
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]'''
| RD1-score3 = '''169/7 (20 overs)'''
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| RD1-score4 = 144/4 (20 overs)
| P2Winner = Kolkata
| P2Margin = '''25 runs'''
| P2Matchno= 58

| RD2-text1 = 25 May — [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]]
| RD2-seed1 = '''1'''
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''174/7 (20 overs)'''
| RD2-seed2 = 3
| RD2-team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| RD2-score2 = 160/9 (20 overs)
| P3Winner = Hyderabad
| P3Margin = '''14 runs'''
| P3Matchno= 59

| RD3-text1 = 27 May — [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]]
| RD3-seed1 = '''2'''
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''181/2 (18.3 overs)'''
| RD3-seed2 = 1
| RD3-team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| RD3-score2 = 178/6 (20 overs)
| FinalWinner = Chennai
| FinalMargin = '''8 wickets'''
| FinalMatchno= 60
}}
{{col-end}}

== Fixtures ==
===League stage===
{{main|2018 Indian Premier League #League stage}}
{{Hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match4}} 9 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 125/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 127/1 (15.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 49 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 77[[Not out|*]] (57)
| wickets2 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 1/28 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136564/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Rajasthan-Royals-4th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match7}} 12 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 147/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 151/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Evin Lewis]] 29 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 45 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Markande]] 4/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136567/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Mumbai-Indians-7th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 1 wicket
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match10}} 14 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 138/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 139/5 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Lynn]] 49 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kane Williamson]] 50 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Sunil Narine]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Billy Stanlake]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136570/Kolkata-Knight-Riders-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-10th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 wickets
| notes = [[Shivam Mavi]] and [[Shubman Gill]] (both Kolkata Knight Riders) made their T20 debuts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ipl-2018-shubman-gill-debuts-for-kkr-696535|title=Shubman Gill & Shivam Mavi IPL Debut|publisher=Cricket Country|date=14 April 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190406/http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ipl-2018-shubman-gill-debuts-for-kkr-696535|archive-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match16}} 19 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 193/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 178/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 104[[not out|*]] (63)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 57[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets2 = [[Andrew Tye]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136576/Kings-XI-Punjab-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-16th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 15 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match20}} 22 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 182/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 178/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 79 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/22 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kane Williamson]] 84 (51)
| wickets2 = [[Deepak Chahar]] 3/15 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136580/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Chennai-Super-Kings-20th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 4 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match23}} 24 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad |team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 118 (18.4 overs)
| score2 = 87 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 29 (21)
| wickets1 = [[Mayank Markande]] 2/15 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 34 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin|C Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136583/Mumbai-Indians-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-23rd-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 31 runs
| notes = Mumbai Indians recorded their joint-lowest total (87) in the IPL.<ref name=iplt20R6stats />
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match25}} 26 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 132/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 54 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Ankit Rajpoot]] 5/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[K. L. Rahul]] 32 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ankit Rajpoot]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136585/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Kings-XI-Punjab-25th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 13 runs
| notes = [[Ankit Rajpoot]] (Kings XI Punjab) recorded the best bowling figures by an Indian uncapped fast bowler.<ref name=iplt20R7stats>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/127037|title=Quick Stats : M25 - SRH vs KXIP|work=IPLT20|date=26 April 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612121134/https://www.iplt20.com/news/127037|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match28}} 29 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 151/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 63 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Jofra Archer]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 65[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Kane Williamson]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136588/Rajasthan-Royals-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-28th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 11 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match36}} 5 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 163/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 164/3 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prithvi Shaw]] 65 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Alex Hales]] 45 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136596/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Delhi-Daredevils-36th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match39}} 7 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 146/10 (20 overs)
| score2 = 141/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 56 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Siraj]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 39 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Kane Williamson]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136599/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Royal-Challengers-Bangalore-39th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match42}} 10 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 187/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 191/1 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rishabh Pant]] 128[[not out|*]] (63)
| wickets1 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 92[[not out|*]] (50)
| wickets2 = [[Harshal Patel]] 1/32 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin|C Shamshuddin]] (Ind) and [[Anil Dandekar]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136602/Delhi-Daredevils-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-42nd-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match46}} 13 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 179/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 180/2 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 78 (49)
| wickets1 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 100[[not out|*]] (62)
| wickets2 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 1/36 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field
| motm = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136606/Chennai-Super-Kings-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-46th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 8 wickets
| notes = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Chennai Super Kings) scored his maiden T20 century.<ref name=iplt20R12stats />
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match51}} 17 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 218/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 204/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 69(39)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kane Williamson]] 81 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Moeen Ali]] 1/21 (2 overs)
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[AB de Villiers]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (Ind) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136611/Royal-Challengers-Bangalore-vs-Sunrisers-Hyderabad-51st-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 14 runs
| notes = [[Basil Thampi]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad) bowled the most expensive spell (0/70 off 4 overs) in IPL history.<ref name=iplt20R13 />
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match54}} 19 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 172/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 173/5 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 50 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Lynn]] 55 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] 2/21 (2.4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Chris Lynn]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136614/Sunrisers-Hyderabad-vs-Kolkata-Knight-Riders-54th-match-Indian-Premier-League-2018/ Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 5 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 14
}}

===Playoff stage===
{{main|2018 Indian Premier League #Playoffs}}

====Qualifier 1====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match57}} 22 May | time = 19:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 139/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/8 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] 43[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 67[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 2/11 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Faf du Plessis]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136617 Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 2 Wickets
| bg = L
| round = Qualifier 1
}}

====Qualifier 2====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match59}} 25 May | time = 19:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 174/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 35(27)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/29(4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Lynn]] 48(31)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and choose to field.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires =[[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136619 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 14 runs
| bg = W
| round = Qualifier 2
}}

====Final ====
{{main|2018 Indian Premier League final}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match60}} 27 May | time = 19:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 178/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 181/2 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 47 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 1/24 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shane Watson]] 117[[not out|*]] (57)
| wickets2 = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] 1/27 (2.3 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shane Watson]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136620 Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 8 wickets
| notes = [[Chennai Super Kings]] won the 2018 Indian Premier League and became the second team to win a IPL title thrice.<ref name=IPLF />
*''Chennai Super Kings became the first team to beat a side four times in a single season of IPL.''<ref name="MS400">{{cite web|last=Sampath|url=https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-2018-final-chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-statistical-highlights/|title=IPL 2018: Final, Chennai Super Kings vs Sunrisers Hyderabad – Statistical Highlights|access-date=28 May 2018|date=28 May 2018|publisher=CricTracker|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528214856/https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-2018-final-chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-statistical-highlights/|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| bg = L
| round = Final
}}

== Statistics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!{{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
!Runs
!{{Tooltip | HS | High Score}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Batting Average}}
!{{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
!{{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
!{{Tooltip | BBI | Best Bowling in an Innings}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling Average}}
!{{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling Economy}}
!{{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
!{{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Kane|Williamson}}''' || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|735|735}} || {{sort|840|84}} || {{sort|5250|52.50}} || {{sort|14244|142.44}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}''' || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|497|497}} || {{sort|921|92[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|3823|38.23}} || {{sort|13691|136.91}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Yusuf|Pathan}}''' || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|260|260}} || {{sort|451|45[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2888|28.88}} || {{sort|13000|130.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|186|1/14}} || {{sort|1400|14.00}} || {{sort|0700|7.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Manish|Pandey}}''' || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|284|284}} || {{sort|621|62[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2581|25.81}} || {{sort|11544|115.44}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Carlos|Brathwaite}}''' || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|075|75}} || {{sort|431|43[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2500|25.00}} || {{sort|15625|156.25}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|285|2/15}} || {{sort|1880|18.80}} || {{sort|0924|9.24}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Alex|Hales}}''' || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|148|148}} || {{sort|450|45}} || {{sort|2466|24.66}} || {{sort|12542|125.42}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Deepak|Hooda}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|087|87}} || {{sort|321|32[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2175|21.75}} || {{sort|10740|107.40}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Shakib|Al Hasan}}''' || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|239|239}} || {{sort|350|35}} || {{sort|2172|21.72}} || {{sort|12131|121.31}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|282|2/18}} || {{sort|3257|32.57}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Shreevats|Goswami}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|052|52}} || {{sort|350|35}} || {{sort|1733|17.33}} || {{sort|13000|130.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}}''' || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|122|122}} || {{sort|350|35}} || {{sort|1525|15.25}} || {{sort|11960|119.60}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Rashid|Khan|Rashid Khan (cricketer)}}''' || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|059|59}} || {{sort|341|34[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|1180|11.80}} || {{sort|19032|190.32}} || {{sort|21|21}} || {{sort|381|3/19}} || {{sort|2180|21.80}} || {{sort|0673|6.73}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Mohammad|Nabi}}''' || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|018|18}} || {{sort|140|14}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|15000|150.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|177|1/23}} || {{sort|4700|47.00}} || {{sort|0940|9.40}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Bhuvneshwar|Kumar}}''' || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|013|13}} || {{sort|070|7}} || {{sort|0650|6.50}} || {{sort|08125|81.25}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|374|3/26}} || {{sort|3933|39.33}} || {{sort|0766|7.66}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Basil|Thampi}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|003|3}} || {{sort|030|3}} || {{sort|0300|3.00}} || {{sort|05000|50.00}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|296|2/4}} || {{sort|2280|22.80}} || {{sort|1121|11.21}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Siddarth|Kaul}} || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|003|3}} || {{sort|020|2}} || {{sort|0100|1.00}} || {{sort|02142|21.42}} || {{sort|21|21}} || {{sort|377|3/23}} || {{sort|2604|26.04}} || {{sort|0828|8.28}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ricky|Bhui}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Sandeep|Sharma}}''' || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|001|0[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|283|2/17}} || {{sort|2775|27.75}} || {{sort|0756|7.56}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Billy|Stanlake}}''' || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|005|5}} || {{sort|050|5[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|25000|250.00}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|279|2/21}} || {{sort|2600|26.00}} || {{sort|0812|8.12}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Khaleel|Ahmed}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|1266|12.66}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|'''{{sortname|Chris|Jordan|Chris Jordan (cricketer)}}''' || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|0775|7.75}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|}

<div style="font-size:75%">[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12210;team=5143;type=tournament IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]</div>
 Last updated: 27 May 2018

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
; Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2018|2=4|3=9|format=dmy}} || [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 9 wickets || 77[[Not out|*]] (57) || <ref name=iplt20R1 />
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2018|2=4|3=12|format=dmy}} || [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] || [[Mumbai Indians]] || Hyderabad || Won by 1 wicket || 0 (1) & 1/13 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R2 />
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2018|2=4|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Billy Stanlake]] || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 5 wickets || 2/21 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R3 />
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2018|2=4|3=24|format=dmy}} || Rashid Khan || Mumbai Indians || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 31 runs || 6 (9) & 2/11 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R6 />
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2018|2=4|3=29|format=dmy}} || [[Kane Williamson]] || Rajasthan Royals || [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] || Won by 11 runs || 63 (43) || <ref name=iplt20R8 />
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2018|2=5|3=5|format=dmy}} || Rashid Khan || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || Hyderabad || Won by 7 wickets || 2/23 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R9 />
|-
| 7 || {{dts|1=2018|2=5|3=7|format=dmy}} || Kane Williamson || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Hyderabad || Won by 5 runs || 56 (39) || <ref name=iplt20R10 />
|-
| 8 || {{dts|1=2018|2=5|3=10|format=dmy}} || Shikhar Dhawan || Delhi Daredevils || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Won by 9 wickets || 92[[Not out|*]] (50) || <ref name=iplt20R11 />
|-
| 9 || {{dts|1=2018|2=5|3=25|format=dmy}} || Rashid Khan || Kolkata Knight Riders || Kolkata || Won by 13 runs || 34 (10) & 3/19 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20Q2 />
|}

;Season awards
* Winner of the [[List of Indian Premier League awards#Orange Cap|Orange Cap]] : Kane Williamson<ref name=iplt20mostruns>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-runs|publisher=IPLT20|title=Most Runs scored in IPL 2018|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528063509/https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-runs|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=IPLAwards>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2018-awards-ipl-final-rishabh-pant-sunil-narine|title=The Complete List of Awards Handed Out After IPL 2018 Final|work=The Quint|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528133843/https://www.thequint.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2018-awards-ipl-final-rishabh-pant-sunil-narine|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Achievements===
* Longest all-time winning streak for the Sunrisers : 6<ref name="longestwinningstreak">{{Cite web|last=Sampath|url=https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-2018-stats-and-records-that-were-recorded-during-the-5th-week/|title=IPL 2018: Stats and records that were recorded during the 5th week|publisher=CricTracker|date=13 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035155/https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-2018-stats-and-records-that-were-recorded-during-the-5th-week/|archive-date=30 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most [[Glossary of cricket terms#dot ball|dot balls]] bowled in the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 IPL]] : Rashid Khan (167)<ref name=iplt20mostdotballs>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-dot-balls|title=Most Dot Balls bowled in IPL 2018|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528140022/https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-dot-balls|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most [[Glossary of cricket terms#half century|half-centuries]] scored in the 2018 IPL : Kane Williamson (8)<ref name=iplt20mostfifties>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-fifties|title=Most Fifties scored in IPL 2018|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035946/https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2018/most-fifties|archive-date=30 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reaction ==
The Sunrisers captain [[Kane Williamson]] praised [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] for his extremely successful IPL stint. He said, “He’s a world-class player. It’s always a pleasure to face him at the nets and against him as well in the near future. The full package Rashid is, it is great to have him in the side and he had a brilliant year.”<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/srh-captain-williamson-praises-watson-rashid/article24011385.ece|title=SRH captain Williamson praises Watson, Rashid|website=The Hindu|date=28 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806151808/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/srh-captain-williamson-praises-watson-rashid/article24011385.ece|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite the loss in the [[2018 Indian Premier League final|final]] to the [[Chennai Super Kings]], Sunrisers coach [[Tom Moody]] was satisfied with his team's overall performance in the season. He said, “At the end, we ended on the top of the table. We played well at home and away as well. As a full package, we are very satisfied.”<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-exclusive-always-admired-ms-dhoni-for-his-leadership-qualities-tom-moody-to-indiatv-444504|title=Exclusive : Always admired MS Dhoni for his leadership qualities: Tom Moody to IndiaTV|website=India TV|last=Chauhan|first=Aditya|date=29 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035155/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-exclusive-always-admired-ms-dhoni-for-his-leadership-qualities-tom-moody-to-indiatv-444504|archive-date=30 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Moody also praised Williamson, saying, “Kane has shown the cricketing world that he can play all three formats with utmost authority. And when he's captain, every team is very lucky. We're fortunate to have him in our squad. He has truly been wonderful right throughout the tournament." He called Rashid "a terrific cricketer.”<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/been-good-season-for-us-moody-233872|title=Been good season for us: Moody|website=The Telegraph India|date=29 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141653/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/been-good-season-for-us-moody-233872|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Sunrisers' mentor [[V. V. S. Laxman]] also commented on the team's performance. He said, “Well, the three biggest positives for Sunrisers in this IPL were 1. Kane Williamson as captain and batsman; he was sensational. 2. The way we won matches under tremendous pressure, defending low totals. 3 The evolution of Rashid Khan as a high-impact bowler with his great consistency and wicket-taking ability”. “This is what we as a franchisee always take pride in — letting players express themselves freely on and off the field,” he added.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportstarlive.com/cricket/ipl/laxman-srh-always-takes-pride-in-letting-players-express-themselves-freely/article24017432.ece|title=Laxman: 'SRH takes pride in letting players express themselves freely'|work=Sport Star Live|last=Subrahmanyam|first=V. V.|date=28 May 2018|access-date=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Three Sunrisers players — Williamson, Rashid and [[Siddarth Kaul]] were featured in the [[CricBuzz]] Team XI of 2018 IPL.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/102276/cb-xi-team-of-ipl-2018-indian-premier-league-cricket-csk-srh|title=CB XI - team of IPL 2018|publisher=Cricbuzz|date=28 May 2018|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> Both Williamson and Rashid were also featured in the [[ESPNcricinfo]] IPL team of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jayaraman|first=Shiva|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23561137/ipl-team-season-dhoni-williamson-stokes-krunal-out|title=IPL team of the season - Dhoni, Williamson in; Stokes, Krunal out|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 May 2018|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530165109/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23561137/ipl-team-season-dhoni-williamson-stokes-krunal-out|archive-date=30 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 season]] performances helped the IPL see its brand value jump by 19% to the estimated value of {{USD}}6.3 billion. The Sunrisers also saw the increase in their brand value which was estimated to be {{USD}}70 million in 2018, according to [[Duff & Phelps]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/brand-ipl-now-soars-to-6-3-billion/articleshow/65321837.cms|title=Brand IPL now soars to $6.3 billion|last=Gupta|first=Gaurav|date=8 August 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Sunrisers Hyderabad records]]
*[[List of Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in Sunrisers Hyderabad official website]

{{Sunrisers Hyderabad}}

[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]

Edwin Rowlands

2026-04-24T10:29:55Z

BabulHossainjoy: creating a entry - done

{{Short description|Welsh Christian missionary (1867–1939)}}
{{About||the Welsh-American politician in Wisconsin|Edwin Myrwyn Rowlands}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Edwin Rowlands
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1867|3|15}}
| birth_place = [[Pensarn]], [[Abergele]], Wales
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1939|8|6|1867|3|15}}
| death_place = [[Rangoon]], Burma
| other_names = Zosapthara (to [[Mizo people]])
| occupation = [[Christian missionary]]
| education = B.A.
| alma_mater = [[Oxford University]]
| known_for = [[Mizo language|Mizo]] [[hymns]], [[Mizo literature|literature]], and [[Education in Mizoram|education]] in Mizoram
}}

'''Edwin Rowlands''' (15 March 1867 – 6 August 1939) was a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] [[Christian missionary]] in [[northeast India]] and [[Burma]]. He was a professional teacher, singer, composer, poet, translator and literary figure among the [[Mizo people]]. He was regarded as the most beloved of all British missionaries in [[Mizoram]]. He was more popularly known as '''Zosapthara'''. He made the major [[hymns]] in Mizo and Khumi which are still in use. He modified the original [[Mizo alphabet]] and his system became the standard in [[Mizo language]]. He created [[written language]] for [[Khumi people]] in Burma, and for [[Bhil people]] in Maharashtra. His literary works are the foundation of [[Mizo literature]]. He was the first administrator of education in Mizoram as Honorary Inspector of Schools. Despite objection from various corners he married Thangkungi, a Mizo girl.<ref name=Hluna>{{cite book|last=Hluna|first=J.V.|title=Mizoram Hmar Bial Missionary-te Chanchin|year=2003|publisher=The Synod Literature & Publication Board|location=Aizawl, India|pages=60–75}}</ref><ref name=Rees>{{cite book|last=Rees |first=D. Ben|title=Vehicles of Grace and Hope: Welsh Missionaries in India 1800–1970|year=2002|publisher=William Carey Library|isbn=9780878085057|page=204|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8rMKm-Ee1dYC&dq=d.e+jones+mizoram&pg=PA204}}</ref>

==Early life==

Edwin Rowlands was born in [[Pensarn]] in [[North Wales]]. He was the older of the two sons of David and Mary Rowlands. He completed BA from [[Oxford University]]. While in Oxford he joined the evangelical Oxford Group and became a born-again Christian. Due to economic hardship at time he left for America in 1883 at the age of sixteen. He worked as a schoolmaster in [[Texas]] for six years. At twenty-two, in 1889 he returned to Wales to work at [[Rhyl]] school. After teaching for two years he decided to go on a [[Christian mission]]. He started preaching and entered Bala Preparatory School (for missionaries) at [[Bala, Gwynedd]]. Then he joined [[Bala-Bangor Theological Seminary]] in 1896. He completed the course in 1898 becoming the topper in all examinations. He was selected by the Board of [[Presbyterian Church of Wales|Calvinistic Methodist Mission]] to be missionary for [[Mizoram]] (then Lushai Hills), India. At the same time his brother John was also selected by the mission board for South America. Rowlands was [[ordained minister|ordained]] in the church assembly at [[Newport, Wales|Newport]] in 1898. The two brothers set sail from [[Liverpool]] on the same day but in opposite directions. While at the [[Arabian Sea]], Rowlands received a tragic message that John had perished in the Atlantic Ocean in a ship wreck. It was later reported that John sacrificed himself for others by refusing to board a limited [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|life boat]]. Despite his mother plea he received at [[Calcutta]] to return home, there was no turning back for Rowlands.<ref name=Hluna/><ref name=Rees/><ref name=misual1>{{cite web|last=PKfanai|title=Zosapthara (Rev.Edwin Rowlands)|url=http://www.misual.com/2011/09/21/zosapthara-rev-edwin-rowlands/|publisher=mis(sual).com|accessdate=16 January 2014|date=21 September 2011}}</ref>

==Missionary career==

===In Mizoram===

Rowlands, accompanied by the senior missionary [[David Evan Jones (missionary)|David Evan Jones]] from Calcutta, arrived in [[Aizawl]] on 31 December 1898. The young and fresh foreigner was immediately recognised by the Mizos as "Zosapthara" (meaning "the new/fresh Mizo [[Sahib]]"). Jones automatically was named "Zosaphluia" ({{Transliteration|lus|hlui}} means old) for he was the older/senior one. Eventually they were referred to only by these names among the Mizos. Rowlands was a natural linguist and soon was able to communicate in the [[Mizo language]]. It was reported that he mastered Mizo within three months.<ref name=misual1/> Unlike his predecessor missionaries he was a perfect adventurous type, visiting and preaching to remote and unexplored villages. Moreover, he would stay among the tribal villages as their ordinary guest, eating and sleeping as they did (except that he drank only boiled water). Further, in contrast to other missionaries he was a gifted singer and fluent in [[tonic solfa]], which greatly attracted the natives.

Rowlands took charge of education from 1900, while church administration was under Jones. He trained his students mostly to become teachers themselves so that education and the [[Gospel]] could be spread faster. For his first experiment, he deputed his first three students Thanga, Chawnga and Tawka separately to Khawrihnim, Phulpui and Chhingchhip villages. He motivated the villagers to construct school huts and donate rice for the teachers. It was a huge success. In 1903 he persuaded the government to support his experimental schools, and accordingly the first government-supported school was opened at Khandaih village. Later the same year his other temporary schools were adopted by the government. By then the total enrolment soared to 465. He revised the original Mizo alphabets (as is used today), translated six books of the [[New Testament]], and prepared several textbooks. He created and financed a hostel for poorer sections and orphans. Sir Bamfield Fuller, Chief Commissioner of [[Assam]], upon his visit in February 1904 was so impressed with the performances of mission schools that he immediately ordered dissolution of all government-run schools.<ref>{{cite web |author= lushai_er |title= Mizoram Lower Primary Exam hmasaber kha |language=Mizo |trans-title=That first Lower Primary Exam in Mizoram|date=17 April 2011 |url=http://www.misual.com/2011/04/17/mizoram-lower-primary-exam-hmasaber-kha/| work= www.misual.com|publisher= |accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref> The Chief Commissioner had already appointed Rowlands to be the first Honorary Inspector of Schools in all Lushai Hills in 1903. From 1 April 1904 Rowlands became the authority of education, and through him government fundings were managed by the mission. He held this charge till 1907.<ref name=Hluna/>

===In other parts of India===

Rowlands got the sack from Welsh Mission and left Mizoram in 1908. His first missionary work outside of Mizoram as a freelance was at Salchupra, near [[Silchar]] in Assam. After a few years he moved to Sadya, now in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], among the [[Mishmi people|Digaro Mishmi tribes]]. He created their alphabets and prepared their dictionary ''Di-Garo Mishmi dictionary'', published in 1918. Around 1917–1919 he served as a substitute missionary for Swedish Alliance Mission to [[Maharashtra]] in central India (their missionary was on a long vacation). There he created the alphabets for the [[Bhil people|Bhil tribes]]. In 1920 he joined the Thado-Kuki Pioneer Mission (later renamed North East India General Mission or NEIGM in 1923) in [[Manipur]] and neighbouring Assam region. He was posted at [[Lakhipur]] but mostly went for field visits.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thimkhup Buiting|title=THE ADVENT OF CHRISTIANITY AMONG THE BÂWMS|url=http://bawm.info/bawmchristianity.htm|publisher=Bawm Literature Forum.|accessdate=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040617182147/http://bawm.info/bawmchristianity.htm|archive-date=17 June 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> He left the NEIGM on 1 April 1924.<ref name=Rees/>

===In Burma===

Rowlands worked in Burma for two separate periods. In 1913 he stayed among [[S'gaw people]] for some years, and then taught at [[Yangon University|Judson College]] in Rangoon for two years. He was invited back to India by Swedish Alliance Mission.

Around 1924 Rowlands, assisted by his new wife, went to [[Khumi people]] in [[Chin state]]. Within a few days he learned their [[Khumi language|language]] and prepared more than fifty songs. He later translated the Gospels of [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of John|John]] and [[Epistle of James]]. He had his first convert Heng Naw in 1926. He soon established a church in [[Paletwa]]. To support his "Mission to Khumi" he himself moved to Rangoon and worked as schoolmaster at Kemmedine High School, a Chinese Christian school. His wife remained in the village to help the church, and as a trained [[midwife]] was invaluable to the natives. He used his salary to support his mission, visiting the mission field upon every vacation. After establishing 22 churches in different villages he handed his mission over to a new field of Bible Church Missionary Society in 1932.<ref name=Hluna/><ref name=misual2>{{cite web|last=PKfanai|title=Zosapthara (Rev. Edwin Rowlands) – Part 2|url=http://www.misual.com/2011/09/22/zosapthara-rev-edwin-rowlands-part-2/|publisher=mi(sual).com|accessdate=16 January 2014|language=Mizo|date=22 September 2011}}</ref>

==Controversy and marriage==

Edwin Rowlands and D.E. Jones supported a number of poor but promising students and orphans for their education. They had a self-sufficient hostel near their [[bungalow]]. One girl named Thangkungi was the favourite of Rowlands. They made good bonds and he admittedly wanted to marry her, but was sternly objected by his missionary friends and even the Welsh Mission board. The underpinning reason could only be on [[racism|racial grounds]] that a respectful British should marry a tribal girl.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lal Dena|title=Mingo Misawnarihai Kalhmang le Chanchin Tha|url=http://virthli.wordpress.com/2009/05/11/mingo-misawnarihai-kalhmang-le-chanchin-tha/|work=Virthli|accessdate=16 January 2014|version=(in [[Hmar languages|Hmar]])|trans-title=The system of European mission and the Gospel|date=11 May 2009}}</ref> Suspicion arose in 1906 that Rowlands had immoral behaviour towards the girl. D.E. Jones went as far as setting up a regular secret surveillance team at Rowlands' residence. On 28 August 1906 an anonymous memorandum was sent by Jones to the board of directors in Liverpool that there were enough indications that Rowlands acted indecently. While in reality, members of the surveillance team testified that there were no direct evidences of immorality. Rowlands was summoned in 1907 to make his statement at Liverpool before the board. But the board delayed interview for several months. By then Jones was on vacation in Wales, and Rowlands was worried of the mission administration in Mizoram. After excruciating wait for the board, and no information, he left for Mizoram in the early 1908. He was full of confidence that his innocence would be accepted. When Jones returned to Aizawl a letter from the mission followed him, which he read in June 1908 before Rowlands and select church leaders. It was a [[Termination of employment|termination]] of Rowlands. Rowlands packed up, handed over his hostel to Mrs Jones, and left Aizawl on 22 June 1908.

Around 1921, then widowed Thankungi and her aged mother sought Rowlands, who was stationed at Lakhipur under the North East India General Mission. It was appropriate in [[Mizo culture]] as the rest of Thangkungi's family had [[emigration|emigrated]] to Burma, and Rowlands was their closest friend. They stayed with him at the Lakhipur Mission Compound. However, Rowlands was in continuous expedition to Manipur and Burma. When he returned in December 1923, it was only to learn the [[eviction]] of his guests by the mission authority in April 1923. After submitting his elaborate report of field visits, he tendered his resignation from NEIGM on 1 April 1924, and married Thangkungi to end all controversies.<ref name=Hluna/><ref name=misual2/>

==Death and legacy==

Edwin Rowlands died on 6 August 1939 in Rangoon in the arms of his wife Thangkungi. He died of physical exhaustion. Thangkungi returned to Peletwa among her Khumi friends, and died there in 1948.<ref name=Hluna/>

Zosapthara Memorial Primary School was established in 2009 at Kauchhuah, [[Lunglei district]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zosapthara Memorial PS|url=http://www.veethi.com/schools-in-india/zosapthara-memorial-ps-detail-1259444.htm|publisher=Veethi|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref>

Zosapthara Building is located at Synod compound, Mission Veng, Aizawl.<ref>{{cite web|last=Khamkhanpau Guite |title=Ka Khualzinna Part IV |url=http://zogamonline.com/oldsite_2013/articles/general/7006-ka-khualzinna-part-iv.html |publisher=ZOGAMonline |accessdate=16 January 2014 |date=19 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116232027/http://zogamonline.com/oldsite_2013/articles/general/7006-ka-khualzinna-part-iv.html |archivedate=16 January 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

''Zosapthara Award'' is instituted by Bilkhawthlir Mizo Literacy Association.<ref>{{cite web|title=HLA PHUAH THIAM DAMHAUHVA|url=http://hlakungpui.hpage.com/first-phase_74304960.html|publisher=Hla Kungpui Mual|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref>

==Contributions==

===Prose and linguistics===

Edwin Rowlands modified the Mizo alphabets created by [[James Herbert Lorrain|J.H. Lorrain]] and [[F.W. Savidge]]. He corrected the [[phonetic]] symbols which became the standard Mizo language.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lalhruaitluanga Ralte |title=Zoṭawng Hawrawp A Aw B Ṭobul leh A Chhehvel |url=http://www.mizoliteraryjournal.com/news/zo%E1%B9%ADawng-hawrawp-a-aw-b-%E1%B9%ADobul-leh-a-chhehvel-by-lalhruaitluanga-ralte/ |work=The Mizo |publisher=The MIZO, USA |language=Mizo |trans-title=Origin of Mizo alphabets A Aw B |accessdate=16 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116182926/http://www.mizoliteraryjournal.com/news/zo%E1%B9%ADawng-hawrawp-a-aw-b-%E1%B9%ADobul-leh-a-chhehvel-by-lalhruaitluanga-ralte/ |archivedate=16 January 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> He created alphabets and first textbooks for the Bhil people. He created the Khumi alphabets in 1925 which are still in use (with addition of two compound symbols). He was better-gifted in writing than his missionary. He was a prolific writer of essays and notes. His essays were the first in Mizo and were published in ''Mizo leh Vai Chanchinbu'' (1903–1913) and ''Kristian Tlangau'' (1912–1914).

===Poetry===

Rowlands was the first to compose proper poetry in Mizo. His poems covered patriotic song ({{Transliteration|lus|''Mizo kan ni lawm ilangin''}}), [[abolitionism|anti-slavery]] ({{Transliteration|lus|Thim zawi deuhin a zing}}), inspirational ({{Transliteration|lus|Thil hlawtling nghal mah suh se}}), and [[Devotional song|devotional]] [[ode]]s ({{Transliteration|lus|Tui mal far te te}} and {{Transliteration|lus|Ka nausenin tunge mi kawl?}}). He made (both translation and original composition) over a hundred Mizo devotional hymns, 96 of which survived and are still sung to the present. He remains the single most contributor to ''Kristian Hla Bu'', the official church hymn book of Baptist and Presbyterian churches. He also composed several hymns in other languages, particularly in Khumi. His proficiency was best exemplified by an occasion on 12 August 1907 when he composed seven hymns, which are in fact one of the most complex songs yet in Mizo.<ref name=Hluna/><ref name=misual1/>

===Books===

Rowlands was a prolific writer. In spite of his ceaseless missionary explorations, he kept writing his diaries, articles and books. His important books are:
#''Mizo leh sâp ṭawng hma-bu mizo sap shaim = A Lushai-English primer'' (1903)
#''Note on St. Luke's parables in Lushai'' (1906)
#''Marka Evangel'' (1906)
#''History of India: in Lushai'' (1907)
#''English first reader: Lushai translation'' (1907)
#''Pawla tân lai'' (translation of the [[Epistles of Paul]]), (1907)
#''English primer: Lushai translation'' (1907)
#''First reader: Lushai annotations, with explanations and additional notes'' (1907)
#''Third reader: Lushai annotations'' (1908)
#''Middle reader I'' (1908)
#''Assam: Eastern Bengal and Assam'' (1908)
#''A Primer of English Grammar in Lushai'' (1909)
#''Bu-lâi, II'' (1909)
#''Khawvêl thu'' (with D.E. Jones) (1909)
#''Continent of Asia'' (with D.E. Jones) (1910)
#''Hebrea te hnena lekha-thawn'' (1910)
#''Isua tehkhinthute: the parables of Jesus'' (with D.E. Jones) (1913)
#''Thu: Mizo sapte ziak'' (with D.E. Jones) (1914)
#''Di-Garo Mishmi dictionary'' (1918)
#''History of Burma: "notes."'' (192?)
#''Mizo leh sâp ṭawng hmabu Mizo-sâp Siam'' (with D.E. Jones) (1922)
#''St. Mark in Khumi'' (1935)
#''Satang kahawi Marka i tajiu nai'' (1941)
#''Satang kahawi Luka i tajiu nai: St. Luke in Khumi'' (1948)
#''Jacob cha pa nai'' (1948)
#''Amtaw thau nai chi i ati ti sa nai'' (1950)

In addition he also completed the translation of the [[Gospel of Luke]] (1898) and [[Acts of the Apostles]] (1899), and also prepared other textbooks such as on geography, Mizo writing, teaching method, ''Khumi primer'' and ''Arithmetic Part II''.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

*B. Lalthangliana (2003). ''Zosapthara''. Mizoram Publication Board/RTM Press, Aizawl, India, pages 1–255.
*J. Meirion Lloyd (1991). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BkgFAQAAIAAJ&q History of the Church in Mizoram: Harvest in the Hills]''. Synod Publication Board, Aizawl, pages 1–384.
*Chhangte Lal Hminga (1987). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FdUcAAAAMAAJ&q The Life and Witness of the Churches in Mizoram]''. Literature Committee, Baptist Church of Mizoram, Pages 1–365.
*C. Vanlallawma (1994). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OfdIAQAAIAAJ&q Tun kum za chhunga Mizo hnam puipate (1894–1994)]''. M. C. Lalrinthanga, Aizawl, India, pages 1–323.

==External links==
*[https://www.google.co.in/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=edwin+rowlands#hl=en&q=inauthor:%22Edwin+Rowlands%22&tbm=bks List of books by Edwin Rowland in Google Books]
*[http://www.mizostory.org/mizopix/mizpixpages/Edwin_Rowlands_Sapthara.html Photograph]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rowlands, Edwin}}
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:Welsh Methodist missionaries]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Yangon]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Kerala

2026-04-21T09:36:05Z

BabulHossainjoy: created new entry w/ refs

{{WikiProject status|inactive}}
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Nachan Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:51:08Z

BabulHossainjoy: put up new stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nachan
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 28
| map_image = 28-Nachan constituency.svg
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Vinod Kumar (politician)|Vinod Kumar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:88483<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}}}
}}
'''Nachan''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]]. It is a part of [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Nachan Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nachan.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| Dile Ram ||rowspan=2|
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Tek Chand Dogra ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Dile Ram ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan=3| Tek Chand Dogra ||rowspan=3|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| Dile Ram ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=2| [[Vinod Kumar (politician)|Vinod Kumar]]<ref name=election2017/> ||rowspan=2|
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinod Kumar (politician)|Vinod Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=33,200 |percentage=46.40% |change={{decrease}}14.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,244 |percentage=33.88% |change={{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=10,133 |percentage=14.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasveer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,691 |percentage=3.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=456 |percentage=0.64% |change={{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,956 |percentage=12.52% |change= {{decrease}}12.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,559 |percentage=80.87% |change= {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,483 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinod Kumar (politician)|Vinod Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=38,154 |percentage=60.66% |change={{increase}}19.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Singh Kaushal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,258 |percentage=35.39% |change={{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satya Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=804 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=471 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,896 |percentage=25.27% |change= {{increase}}19.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,893 |percentage=80.86% |change= {{increase}}2.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,783 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}19.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinod Kumar (politician)|Vinod Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,924 |percentage=41.36% |change={{decrease}}13.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand Dogra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,893 |percentage=35.89% |change={{decrease}}4.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Damodar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=10,861 |percentage=19.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khem Raj |party=Himachal Lokhit Party |votes=749 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal Thakural |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=527 |percentage=0.95% |change={{decrease}}2.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimla Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=463 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,031 |percentage=5.47% |change= {{decrease}}8.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=55,427 |percentage=78.53% |change= {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,584 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}13.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,228 |percentage=54.86% |change={{increase}}22.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand Dogra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,640 |percentage=40.62% |change={{increase}}4.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal Thukral |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,908 |percentage=3.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chet Ram Chauhan |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=483 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,588 |percentage=14.24% |change= {{increase}}10.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,280 |percentage=78.44% |change= {{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,926 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}18.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,479 |percentage=35.91% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,869 |percentage=32.60% |change={{decrease}}1.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Damodar Singh |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=11,295 |percentage=23.20% |change={{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,285 |percentage=4.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,448 |percentage=2.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moti Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=300 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,610 |percentage=3.31% |change= {{increase}}1.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,676 |percentage=80.15% |change= {{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,267 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,390 |percentage=36.14% |change={{increase}}27.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,631 |percentage=34.23% |change={{decrease}}1.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Damodar |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=9,182 |percentage=23.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikka Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,287 |percentage=5.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sohan Lal |party=Janata Dal |votes=328 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=759 |percentage=1.91% |change= {{decrease}}18.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,818 |percentage=76.75% |change= {{decrease}}0.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,390 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}19.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=20,120 |percentage=55.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,814 |percentage=35.28% |change={{decrease}}20.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sohan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,021 |percentage=8.32% |change={{decrease}}31.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=217 |percentage=0.60% |change={{decrease}}1.10 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,306 |percentage=20.11% |change= {{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,322 |percentage=76.86% |change= {{increase}}6.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,556 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,334 |percentage=55.43% |change={{increase}}20.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,858 |percentage=40.24% |change={{decrease}}18.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramji Dass |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=571 |percentage=1.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Mani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=499 |percentage=1.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,476 |percentage=15.19% |change= {{decrease}}8.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,468 |percentage=70.40% |change= {{decrease}}4.13 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,126 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,039 |percentage=58.60% |change={{increase}}16.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram (Mahadev) |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,332 |percentage=34.78% |change={{decrease}}21.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deli Ram (Chachiot) |party=Independent politician |votes=1,588 |percentage=6.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,707 |percentage=23.82% |change= {{increase}}8.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,959 |percentage=74.66% |change= {{increase}}5.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,341 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,873 |percentage=56.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,745 |percentage=41.68% |change={{increase}}12.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Minku Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=363 |percentage=1.73% |change={{decrease}}54.78 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,128 |percentage=14.91% |change= {{decrease}}12.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,981 |percentage=69.63% |change= {{increase}}19.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,387 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.88 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nachan<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=7,222 |percentage=56.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tehal Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,751 |percentage=29.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dile Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,617 |percentage=12.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nanku |party=Independent politician |votes=130 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,471 |percentage=27.16% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,781 |percentage=50.57% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,561 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}
{{Mandi district}}

{{coord|31.58|77.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Bruhathkayosaurus

2026-04-15T04:14:28Z

BabulHossainjoy: creating a details - done

{{short description|Giant sauropod dinosaur genus from India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossil range|70}}
| image = Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi updated.png
| image_caption = Speculative [[life restoration]] of ''Bruhathkayosaurus''
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority = Yadagiri & Ayyasami, 1987
| taxon = Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi
| authority = Yadagiri & Ayyasami, 1987
}}

'''''Bruhathkayosaurus''''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|uː|ˌ|h|æ|θ|k|eɪ|oʊ-|ˈ|s|ɔːr|ə|s}}; meaning "huge-bodied lizard") is a genus of [[sauropod]] [[dinosaur]] found in the [[Kallamedu Formation]] of India. The fragmentary remains were originally described as a [[theropod]], but it was later determined to be a [[titanosaur]] sauropod. Length estimates by researchers exceed those of the titanosaur ''[[Argentinosaurus]]'',<ref name=Paul1994/> as longer than {{convert|35|m}} and weighing over 80 tonnes. A 2023 estimate placed ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' as potentially weighing {{convert|110|-|170|tonnes}}, with paleontologist [[Michael Benton]] estimating a length of {{convert|45|m}}.<ref name=DinosaurBehaviour>{{Cite book|last1=Benton|first1=Michael|date=31 October 2023 |title=Dinosaur Behavior: An Illustrated Guide|publisher=Princeton University Press|language=en |isbn=978-0-691-24429-7|pages=94–95}}</ref> If the upper estimates of the 2023 records are accurate, ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' may have rivaled the [[blue whale]] as one of the largest animals to ever exist.<ref name="Bruhathkayosaurus2023"/> However, all of the estimates are based on the dimensions of the fossils described in 1987, but these fossils have since disintegrated and no longer exist, making it impossible to affirm these estimates.<ref name="YadagiriAyyasami" /><ref name=":0" />

== Discovery and naming ==
{{Location map|India
|width = 225px
|coordinates={{coord|11.2|N|79.0|E|display=inline}}
|caption= ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] in Kallamedu village, [[Tiruchirappalli]] district, [[Tamil Nadu]], India
|pushpin_relief=1
}}
The [[holotype]] of ''Bruhathkayosaurus'', GSI PAL/SR/20, was discovered around 1978 near the southern tip of [[India]], specifically in the [[Tiruchirappalli]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]], northeast of Kallamedu village. It was recovered from rocks of the [[Kallamedu Formation]], which are dated to the [[Maastrichtian]] stage of the [[Late Cretaceous]], about 70 [[million years ago]]. The fossilized remains include [[hip]] bones (the [[ilium (bone)|ilium]] and [[ischium]]), partial leg bones ([[femur]] and [[tibia]]), a forearm ([[radius (bone)|radius]]) and a tail bone (part of a [[vertebra]], specifically a platycoelous caudal centrum). The remains were originally classified as belonging to a [[carnosauria]]n theropod by P. Yadagiri and K. Ayyasami in 1987 (not 1989, as some sources indicate).<ref name="YadagiriAyyasami">Yadagiri, P. and Ayyasami, K. (1987). "A carnosaurian dinosaur from the Kallamedu Formation (Maestrichtian horizon), Tamilnadu." In M.V.A. Sastry, V.V. Sastry, C.G.K. Ramanujam, H.M. Kapoor, B.R. Jagannatha Rao, P.P. Satsangi, and U.B. Mathur (eds.), ''Three Decades of Development in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in India. Volume 1. Precambrian to Mesozoic. Geological Society of India Special Publication'', '''11'''(1): 523-528.</ref> The generic name chosen, "''Bruhathkayosaurus''", is derived from a combination of the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Bruhathkaya'' (''bṛhat'' {{lang|inc|[[:wikt:बृहत्|बृहत्]]}}, 'huge, heavy' and ''kāya'', काय 'body'), and the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''sauros'' (lizard).<ref name=paulschneiderman>Schneiderman, P. (Nov 1994). "[http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Nov/msg00358.html Report on the initial description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005002937/http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Nov/msg00358.html |date=5 October 2013 }}". ''Dinosaur Mailing List''</ref> The specific epithet, "''matleyi''", honours British palaeontologist [[Charles Alfred Matley]], who discovered many fossils in India.{{fact|date=February 2026}}

The [[monsoon]] season, combined with the sands and clays of the Kallamedu Formation, creates water-saturated fossils which are very [[Friability|friable]]. During the [[dry season]], expansion during the day and contraction during the night can cause fossils to split apart. This results in poorly preserved bones that can be impossible to extract without damage. In 2017, [[Peter Galton|Galton]] and Ayyasami reported that the ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' fossils started to disintegrate inside their field jackets before reaching the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) and no longer exist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Galton|first1=Peter M.|last2=Ayyasami|first2=Krishnan|date=1 July 2017|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318428058|title=Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen|language=en|volume=285|issue=1|pages=91–96|doi=10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671|bibcode=2017NJGPA.285...91G |issn=0077-7749}}</ref>

== Classification ==
''Bruhathkayosaurus'' was originally classified as a [[carnosauria]]n theropod (like ''[[Allosaurus]]''), of an uncertain position (''incertae sedis''). However, Chatterjee (1995) re-examined the remains and demonstrated that ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' is actually a [[titanosaur]] sauropod.<ref>Chatterjee, S. (1995). "The last dinosaurs of India". The Dinosaur Report, Fall 1995. p. 12-18.</ref> Some later studies listed ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' as an indeterminate sauropod or as a ''[[nomen dubium]]''.<ref>Upchurch, P., Barrett, P. M. and Dodson, P. 2004. Sauropoda. pp. 259–322. in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. and Osmólska, H. (eds). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, 861 pp.</ref><ref name="krauseetal2006">{{cite journal |last1=Krause |first1=David W. |last2=O'Connor |first2=Patrick M. |last3=Rogers |first3=Kristina Curry |last4=Sampson |first4=Scott D. |last5=Buckley |first5=Gregory A. |last6=Rogers |first6=Raymond R. |title=Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates from Madagascar: Implications for Latin American biogeography |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |date=23 August 2006 |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=178–208 |doi=10.3417/0026-6493(2006)93[178:LCTVFM]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=9166607 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/390696 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hone|first1=David W. E.|last2=Farke|first2=Andrew A.|last3=Wedel|first3=Mathew J.|date=2016|title=Ontogeny and the fossil record: what, if anything, is an adult dinosaur?|journal=Biology Letters|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|article-number=20150947|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2015.0947 |pmc=4780552|pmid=26888916}}</ref>

The original publication described little in the way of diagnostic characteristics and was only supported by a few line drawings and photographs of the fossils as they lay in the ground. This led to online speculation by researchers that the bones might actually have been [[petrified wood]], akin to the way the original discoverers of ''[[Sauroposeidon]]'' initially believed their find to be [[fossil]]ized tree trunks.<ref name="Holtz1995a">Holtz, T. (1995), http://dml.cmnh.org/1995Sep/msg00701.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111134307/http://dml.cmnh.org/1995Sep/msg00701.html |date=11 November 2011 }} "Re: Biggest predators"], discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 22 September 1995. Accessed 24 February 2019.</ref><ref name="mortimer2006">Mortimer, M. (2006), [http://dml.cmnh.org/2006Nov/msg00238.html "Re:"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119191813/http://dml.cmnh.org/2006Nov/msg00238.html |date=19 November 2011 }}, discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 17 November 2006. Accessed 24 February 2019.</ref><ref name="Brusatte2001a">Brusatte, S. (2001), [http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Jun/msg00618.html "Re: Bruhathkayosaurus"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107210722/http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Jun/msg00618.html |date=7 January 2009 }}, discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 18 June 2001. Accessed 24 February 2019.</ref> A 2022 review by Pal and Ayyasami presented additional previously unseen photographs of the tibia bone at the excavation site and in a plaster jacket, and reinforced the taxon's position within Titanosauria.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Pal |first1=Saurabh |last2=Ayyasami |first2=Krishnan |date=27 June 2022 |title=The lost titan of Cauvery |journal=[[Geology Today]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=112–116 |doi=10.1111/gto.12390 |bibcode=2022GeolT..38..112P |s2cid=250056201 |issn=0266-6979}}</ref> However, as Dhananjay M. Mohabey and colleagues noted in 2024, "this new information has not resolved the identity of the element nor the validity of the taxon."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mohabey |first1=Dhananjay M. |last2=Samant |first2=Bandana |last3=Vélez-Rosado |first3=Kevin I. |last4=Wilson Mantilla |first4=Jeffrey A. |date=7 February 2024 |title=A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=3 |article-number=e2288088 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>

==Size estimates==
According to the published description, the shin bone ([[tibia]]) of ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' was {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="YadagiriAyyasami"/><ref name=":2"/> This is 29 percent larger than the fibula of ''[[Argentinosaurus]]'', which is only {{cvt|1.55|m|ft}} long. The fragmentary femur was similarly huge; across the distal end, it measured {{convert|75|cm|ft|abbr=on}}, 33% larger than the femur of ''[[Antarctosaurus|Antarctosaurus giganteus]]'', which measures {{convert|56|cm|ft|abbr=on}}. The ilium measured {{convert|1.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="mortimer2004"/>

No total body size estimates for ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' have been published, but paleontologists and researchers have posted tentative estimates on the Internet. In a post from June 2001, Mickey Mortimer estimated that ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' could have reached {{convert|44.1|m|ft|||abbr=on}} in length and might have weighed {{convert|175|–|220|MT|ST|abbr=on}}, but in later posts retracted these estimates, reducing the estimated length to {{convert|28|–|47|m|ft|abbr=on}} based on more complete titanosaurs (''[[Saltasaurus]]'', ''[[Opisthocoelicaudia]]'' and ''[[Rapetosaurus]]''), and declined to provide a new weight estimate, describing the older weight estimates as inaccurate.<ref name="mortimer2001a">Mortimer, M. (2001), [http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Jun/msg00665.html "Re: Bruhathkayosaurus"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522105714/http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Jun/msg00665.html |date=22 May 2017 }}, discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 19 June 2001. Accessed 23 May 2008.</ref><ref name="mortimer2004">Mortimer, M. (2004), [http://dml.cmnh.org/2004Sep/msg00086.html "Re: Largest Dinosaurs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913171408/http://dml.cmnh.org/2004Sep/msg00086.html |date=13 September 2019 }}, discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 7 September 2004. Accessed 23 May 2008.</ref><ref name="mortimer2001b">Mortimer, M. (2001), [http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Sep/msg00402.html "Titanosaurs too large?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203315/http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Sep/msg00402.html |date=3 March 2016 }}, discussion group, The Dinosaur Mailing List, 12 September 2001. Accessed 23 May 2008.</ref> In a May 2008 article for the [[blog]] ''Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week'', paleontologist [[Matt Wedel]] used a comparison with ''Argentinosaurus'' and calculated the weight of ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' at up to {{convert|126|MT|ST|sp=us|lk=on|abbr=off}}.<ref name="wedel2008">Wedel, M. "[http://svpow.wordpress.com/2008/05/20/sv-pow-showdown-sauropods-vs-whales/ SV-POW! showdown: sauropods vs whales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228092223/http://svpow.wordpress.com/2008/05/20/sv-pow-showdown-sauropods-vs-whales/ |date=28 February 2012 }}." [Weblog entry.] Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week. 20 May 2008. Accessed 23 May 2008.</ref> In 2019, [[Gregory S. Paul]] suggested that the supposed tibia was probably a degraded femur, in which case its length was slightly greater than that of ''[[Dreadnoughtus]]'' (1.91 meters) and ''[[Futalognkosaurus]]'' (1.98 meters). Its [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] is similar in length to that of ''Dreadnoughtus'' whereas the width of the distal femur appears to slightly exceed that of ''[[Patagotitan]]''. Paul estimated its mass at around {{convert|30|–|55|MT|ST|abbr=on}}, much lower than any previous estimation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Paul|first=Gregory S.|date=2019|title=Determining the largest known land animal: A critical comparison of differing methods for restoring the volume and mass of extinct animals|url=http://www.gspauldino.com/Titanomass.pdf|journal=Annals of the Carnegie Museum|volume=85|issue=4|pages=335–358|doi=10.2992/007.085.0403|bibcode=2019AnCM...85..335P |s2cid=210840060|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929122713/http://www.gspauldino.com/Titanomass.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, Molina-Perez and Larramendi suggested that the {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} long tibia is probably a [[fibula]], and estimated the size of the animal at {{convert|37|m|ft|abbr=on}} and {{convert|95|MT|ST|sp=us|lk=on|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Molina-Perez & Larramendi|title=Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2020|location=New Jersey|page=263|bibcode=2020dffs.book.....M }}</ref>

By comparison, the titanosaur ''Argentinosaurus'' is estimated to have reached {{cvt|35|m|ft}} in length, and to have weighed 65–100 tonnes.<ref name=Paul1994>{{cite book |last=Paul |first=Gregory S. |date=Autumn 1994 |title=The Dinosaur Report |chapter=Big Sauropods - Really, Really Big Sauropods |pages=12–13 |publisher=The Dinosaur Society |chapter-url=http://gspauldino.com/DinoArtSauropods.pdf |access-date=14 November 2011 |archive-date=6 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306221723/http://gspauldino.com/DinoArtSauropods.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=Paul1997>{{cite conference |last=Paul |first=Gregory S. |editor=Wolberg, D. L. |editor2=Stump, E. |editor3=Rosenberg, G. D. |year=1997 |book-title=DinoFest International Proceedings |title=Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs |pages=129–154 |publisher=The Academy of Natural Sciences }}</ref> These sauropods are known only from partial or fragmentary remains, so the size estimates are uncertain. Length is calculated by comparing existing bones to the bones of similar dinosaurs, which are known from more complete skeletons and scaling them up isometrically. However, such extrapolation can never be more than an educated guess and the length of the tail, in particular, is often hard to judge. Determining mass is even more difficult because little evidence of soft tissues survives in the [[fossil record]]. In addition, [[Allometry#Isometric scaling and geometric similarity|isometric scaling]] is based on the assumption that body proportions remain the same, which is not necessarily the case. In particular, the proportions of the titanosaurs are not well known, due to a limited number of relatively complete specimens.<ref name="mortimer2004"/>

If the upper size estimates for ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' are accurate, it would even rival the size of the largest recorded [[blue whale]]. Mature blue whales can reach {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length, and the record-holder blue whale was recorded at {{convert|173|tonne|short ton|-1|lk=on|abbr=off}},<ref name="pop">{{cite web | title = Assessment and Update Status Report on the Blue Whale ''Balaenoptera musculus'' | publisher = Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada | year = 2002 | url = http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_blue_whale_e.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 15 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140915084032/http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr%5Fblue%5Fwhale%5Fe%2Epdf | url-status = live }}</ref> with estimates of up to {{convert|199|tonne|short ton|-1|lk=on|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McClain |first1=Craig R. |last2=Balk |first2=Meghan A. |last3=Benfield |first3=Mark C. |last4=Branch |first4=Trevor A. |last5=Chen |first5=Catherine |last6=Cosgrove |first6=James |last7=Dove |first7=Alistair D.M. |last8=Gaskins |first8=Leo |last9=Helm |first9=Rebecca R. |last10=Hochberg |first10=Frederick G. |last11=Lee |first11=Frank B. |last12=Marshall |first12=Andrea |last13=McMurray |first13=Steven E. |last14=Schanche |first14=Caroline |last15=Stone |first15=Shane N. |last16=Thaler |first16=Andrew D. |title=Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna |journal=PeerJ |date=13 January 2015 |volume=3 |article-number=e715 |doi=10.7717/peerj.715 |pmid=25649000 |pmc=4304853 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Another poorly known sauropod that shares similar size estimates to ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' is ''[[Maraapunisaurus|Maraapunisaurus fragillimus]]'', which is based on a now-missing dorsal vertebra. In 2006, [[Kenneth Carpenter]] used ''[[Diplodocus]]'' as a guide and estimated ''[[Maraapunisaurus]]'' to be {{convert|58|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length and weigh only about {{convert|122.4|MT|ST|sp=us|-1|lk=on|abbr=off}}.<ref name="carpenter2006">Carpenter, K. (2006). "Biggest of the big: a critical re-evaluation of the mega-sauropod ''Amphicoelias fragillimus''." In Foster, J.R. and Lucas, S.G., eds., 2006, ''Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation''. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin '''36''': 131–138.</ref> In 2018, however, Carpenter estimated ''Maraapunisaurus'' to be {{convert|30|-|32|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length based upon comparisons with rebbachisaurids.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=Kenneth |title=Maraapunisaurus fragillimus, N.G. (formerly Amphicoelias fragillimus), a basal Rebbachisaurid from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Colorado |journal=Geology of the Intermountain West |date=19 October 2018 |volume=5 |pages=227–244 |doi=10.31711/giw.v5.pp227-244 |s2cid=210973474 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, Paul gave a higher estimation of {{convert|35|to|40|m|ft}} and a weight of {{convert|80|to|120|tonne|short ton}}.<ref name=":1" />

[[Gregory S. Paul|Paul]] and Larramendi (2023) suggested that ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' may have weighed within the range of {{convert|110|-|170|tonne|short ton}}, though they stated that it would have likely weighed between {{convert|110|and|130|tonne|short ton}}. Whilst its most liberal estimate was 240 tons when scaled with ''[[Patagotitan]]'', they considered any estimate over {{convert|170|tonne|short ton}} to be unlikely.<ref name="Bruhathkayosaurus2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Gregory S. |last2=Larramendi |first2=Asier |date=11 April 2023 |title=Body mass estimate of ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales |journal=Lethaia |language=en |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.18261/let.56.2.5 |bibcode=2023Letha..56..2.5P |s2cid=259782734 |issn=0024-1164|doi-access=free }}</ref> Nevertheless, Paul stressed that the idea of these 'super-sauropods' or 'land-whales' aren't as far-fetched as one would think given the long period of sauropod existence as well as their very efficient body-plan (i.e. small heads, large body, efficient ventilated air-sacs, strong and flexible muscle and bone structure, and large source of static food), indicating that the existence of 150+ ton sauropods such as ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' and ''Maraapunisaurus'' are in the realm of possibility.<ref name="Bruhathkayosaurus2023"/>

== See also ==
* [[Largest prehistoric animals]]
* [[Largest and heaviest animals]]
* [[Dinosaur size]]
* ''[[Breviparopus]]''
* ''[[Patagotitan]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Nov/msg00358.html Report on the initial description] from the Dinosaur Mailing List

{{Sauropodomorpha|T.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132867}}

[[Category:Titanosauria]]
[[Category:Dinosaur genera]]
[[Category:Maastrichtian dinosaurs]]
[[Category:Dinosaurs of India]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1987]]
[[Category:Taxa with lost type specimens]]

Gakhars

2026-04-15T01:31:16Z

BabulHossainjoy: put up new details

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Muslim Punjabi clan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2011}}
{{infobox caste
| caste_name = Gakhars
| caste_name_in_local =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| varna =
| jati =
| gotra =
| religions = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]
| languages = [[Punjabi language|Pothwari]]
| country = {{Flag|Pakistan}}
| region = [[Punjab]]
| ethnicity = [[Punjabis|Punjabi]]
| India_migration =
| population =
| family_names =
| feudal_title =
| heraldic_title =
| lineage =
| subdivisions =
| related =
}}

The '''Gakhar''' ({{langx|pa|{{nq|گکھڑ}}|translit=Gakkhaṛ}}) is a historical [[List of Punjabi tribes|Punjabi tribe]], originating in the [[Pothohar Plateau]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. They predominantly adhere to [[Islam]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHxsWspxGIIC&pg=PA106 |page=106 |title=Islamic Desk Reference |editor-first=E. J. |editor-last=Van Donzel |publisher=BRILL |year=1994 |isbn=978-9-00409-738-4}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi">{{cite book |last1=Gandhi |first1=Surjit Singh |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers |isbn=978-81-269-0857-8 |page=3|quote=The story of most of the Gakhars is that they conquered Kashmir and ruled in that region for many generations but were eventually driven back to Kabul whence they entered the Punjab. They professed the Hindu faith and were converted to Islam, probably after the Ghori rule.}}</ref><ref name="Singha">{{cite book |last1=Singha |first1=Atara |title=Socio-cultural Impact of Islam on India |date=1976 |publisher=Panjab University |page=46 |quote=After this period, we do not hear of any Hindu Gakhars or Khokhars, for during the next two or three centuries they had all come to accept Islam.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA45|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2006|isbn=978-8-12411-066-9|edition=Revised, 2nd|volume=2|page=45}}</ref>

==History==
In the Muslim historiography, the Gakhars have been frequently confused with the [[Khokhar]]s, who inhabited the same region, and it has been challenging to separate the events of both tribes. Gakhars formed an important part of the army of [[Hindu Shahis|Shāhis]] of [[Gandhāra]]. Around 30,000 Gakhars fought against [[Mahmud Ghaznavi|Maḥmūd of Ghazna]] in 1008 CE near [[Peshawar]] but were defeated.{{sfn|Ansari|2012}} By the time of Sultan [[Muhammad Ghori|Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad Ghūrī]] Gakhars had converted to Islam.{{sfn|Ansari|2012}}

In the following centuries, Gakhars engaged in a long-running struggle for sovereignty over the [[Salt Range]] with the neighbouring tribes:<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Pakistan Historical Society|Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society]], Volume 54, Issues 1–2|date=2006|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|The history of this region (the Salt Range) from the thirteenth century onward had been a sickening record of wars between various dominant landowning and ruling clans of Punjabi Muslims including the [[Janjua]]s, Gakhars, Thathals and [[Bhatti]]s for political ascendancy.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRg5NSW1BisC&pg=PA142 |page=142 |title=Advanced History of Medieval India |first=S. R. |last=Bakshi |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=1995 |isbn=978-8-17488-028-4 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}

For a period, Gakhars were superseded by the Khokhars who under their chieftain [[Jasrat]] gained control of most of upper Punjab in the 15th century. However, by the time of Mughal emperor [[Babur|Bābur]]'s invasion of subcontinent, Gakhars had regained power. Under their chief Hātī Khān, Gakhars attacked Babūr in 1525 when he marched against the Delhi Sultanate. Babūr seized Gakhar fortress of [[Pharwala Fort|Phaŕwāla]] and Hātī Khān fled, but when Hātī Khān offered his submission to Babūr and provided supplies for the Mughal army, he compensated Hātī Khān well and conferred on him the title of Sultan.{{sfn|Ansari|2012}}
[[File:Kamal Khan Ghakkar defeats Sultan Adam Ghakkar.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Kamāl Khān defeats Ādam Khān]]
During the reign of [[Humayun|Humāyūn]], [[Sultan Sarang Khan|Sulṭān Sārang Khān]] gained much prominence. He refused to acknowledge [[Sher Shah Suri|Shēr Shāh Sūr]] as new emperor when the latter defeated Humāyūn, as a result Shēr Shāh led an expedition against Sārang Khān who was defeated and executed. His tomb is in [[Rawat Fort|Rawāt]].{{sfn|Ansari|2012}}

Sārang Khān's brother, Ādam Khān succeeded him. In 1552, Humāyūn's rebel brother prince [[Kamran Mirza|Kamrān]] sought shelter with Ādam Khān but he was betrayed and given up to Humāyūn, who rewarded Ādam Khān with the insignia of nobility for the treachery.{{sfn|Ansari|2012}}

In 1555, Ādam Khān was defeated and killed by his nephew Kamāl Khān, a son of Sārang Khān, possibly on the instigation by emperor [[Akbar]] to strengthen his hold over the Gakhars. Further a daughter of Kamāl Khān's brother, Sayd Khān was married to prince [[Jahangir|Salim]].{{sfn|Ansari|2012}}

[[File:Punjab map (topographic) with cities.png|thumb|right|Topographical map of Punjab]]

In 1738 Nader Shah [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|invaded India]], during this invasion the city of [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]] was sacked and after Shah returned to Persia, the city was then taken over by Gakhar chief Mukarrab Khan.<ref>[https://punjab.global.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/sitefiles/journals/volume20/12-Reeta%20Sharma%2020.pdf Urban Patterns in the Punjab Region
since Protohistoric Times]</ref>

==Kayani==
'''Kayani''' ({{Langx|fa|کیانی}}), also spelled '''Kiyani''' or '''Kiani''', is a title used by Gakhars, a northwestern [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] tribe based in the [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar]] region of [[Punjab, Pakistan]] originally from [[Iran]]. Ethnic present day Persians who have settled in Pakistan. Tied to the legendary [[Kayanian dynasty]]. The name means 'royal' or 'kingly',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kiyani Name Meaning - Kiyani Meaning & Definition|url=https://hamariweb.com/names/muslim/arabic/boy/kiyani-meaning_49290|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Hamariweb.com|language=en-us}}</ref> similar to the name ''[[Raja]]'' or ''Prince''.

==See also==
* [[Sarang Gakhar]], Chief of Gakhars
* [[List of Punjabi tribes]]
* [[Gakhar Mandi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{EI2|last= Ansari|first=A.S. Bazmee |authorlink=|year=2012|title=Gakkhaŕ|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2415|ISSN=1573-3912}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|author=Khan, Chaudhary Muhammad Afzal (1357 [[Hijri year|H]])|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/rajpoot-gotain-mohammad-afzal-khan-ebooks|via=Rekhta.org|title=Rajpūt Gotaīñ|language=Ur|date=}}

{{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]]

Sathish Ninan

2026-04-12T00:58:44Z

BabulHossainjoy: created a pg initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sathish Ninan
| honorific_prefix = '''Hon'ble Justice'''
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Judge]] [[Kerala High Court]]
| term_start = 5 October 2016
| term_end =
| appointer =
| predecessor =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| office5 =
| term_start5 =
| term_end5 =
| office6 =
| term_start6 =
| term_end6 =
| office7 =
| term_start7 =
| term_end7 =
| office8 =
| term_start8 =
| term_end8 =
| education = [[Master of Laws]]
| alma_mater = [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|MG University]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|4|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Ooriapadikkal, [[Thiruvalla]]
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| parents =
| website = {{URL|http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in/mj.htm|High Court of Kerala}}
}}
'''Sathish Ninan''' (born 1 April 1968) is a judge of [[Kerala High Court]].The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the [[Indian state]] of [[Kerala]] and in the [[Union Territory]] of [[Lakshadweep]]. The High Court of Kerala is headquartered at [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kochi]].<ref name="hc">{{cite web|url=http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in/SN(J).html|title=Official Website of Kerala High Court|work=highcourtofkerala.nic.in}}</ref><ref name="DOJ">{{cite web|url=https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/Orders%20of%20appointment%20of%205%20permanent%20Judges%20of%20the%20Kerala%20HC%20%2812.03.2018%29.pdf|title=Appointment order|work=doj.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="SCC">{{cite web|url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2018/03/20/appointment-of-5-permanent-judges-kerala-high-court/|title=Appointment of 5 Permanent Judges, Kerala High Court|work=scconline.com|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="TRIBUNE">{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/sc-collegium-recommends-new-judges-for-high-courts-548558|title=SC collegium recommends new judges for high courts|work=tribuneindia.com|access-date=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="NDTV">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-new-judges-for-allahabad-rajasthan-kerala-gujarat-and-bombay-high-1816579|title=Supreme Court Collegium Recommends New Judges For High Courts|work=ndtv.com|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="BARB">{{cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/nine-additional-judges-allahabad-kerala|title=Nine additional judges from Allahabad, Kerala HCs to be made permanent|work=barandbench.com|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="BS">{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sc-collegium-recommends-new-judges-for-hcs-118022301225_1.html|title=SC Collegium recommends new judges for HCs|work=business-standard.com|access-date=23 February 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ninan was born to O. N. Ninan and Naliny Ninan at Ooriapadikkal, Thiruvalla, on 1 April 1968. He obtained a law degree from [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]] and master's degree in law from [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam]].<ref name="hc"/>

==Career==
He enrolled as an advocate on 2 December 1990 and started practicing in civil, constitution, banking and property law. On 5 October 2016 he was elevated as additional judge of High Court of Kerala and became permanent from 16 March 2018.<ref name="hc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in High Court of Kerala]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninan, Sathish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Kerala High Court]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvalla]]

Anthiyur Assembly constituency

2026-03-29T10:10:58Z

BabulHossainjoy: formatting fix

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.58|N|77.60|E|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 105
| map_image = Constitution-Anthiyur.svg
| district = [[Erode district|Erode]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruppur]]
| established = 1962
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[A. G. Venkatachalam]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Anthiyur
| electors = 205,737
| reservation = None
}}

'''Anthiyur''' is a legislative assembly, that includes the town of [[Anthiyur]] and other neighbouring local bodies. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 105. It is a part of [[Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-10
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-02-06
}}</ref> The constituency is in existence since 1962 election. Anthiyur was a part of [[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency]] until 2009 election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

==Demographics==
[[Kongu Vellalar]] [[Gounder]], [[Vanniyar]] Uppuliyr Arunththathiyar, [[Senguntha Mudaliar]], Devanga Chettiyar, Muslims and Adi Dravida communities are populated in this constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/election-2016/tirupur/80089-114.html|title=114 - திருப்பூர் (தெற்கு)|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|language=ta}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Assembly
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1962 Madras State legislative assembly election|Third]]
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[Perumalraju]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras State legislative assembly election|Fourth]]
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[E. M. Natarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Assembly
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Duration
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fifth]]
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]-77*
| [[E. M. Natarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixth]]
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]-80
|rowspan=2| [[P. Guruswamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Seventh]]
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]-84
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eighth]]
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]-89
| [[U. P. Mathaiyan]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Ninth]]
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]-91
|rowspan=2| [[V. Periasamy]]
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Tenth]]
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]-96
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eleventh]]
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]-01
| [[P. Selvarasu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Twelfth]]
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]-06
| [[R. Krishnan (PMK)|R. Krishnan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Thirteenth]]
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]-2011
| [[S. Gurusamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fourteenth]]
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]-2016
| [[S. S. Ramanitharan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Fifteenth]]
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]-2021
| K. R. Rajakrishnan
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Sixteenth]]
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]-[[Incumbent]]
| [[A. G. Venkatachalam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

*Note: From 1967 to 1971, Andhiyur was not listed as a (SC) constituency.

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= M. Sivabalan|party=Secular Progressive Alliance |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Haribaskar|party=AIADMK-led Alliance|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Anandhi|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= M. Vijay Venkatesh|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,05,737|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. G. Venkatachalam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,096 |percentage=44.84% |change=5.77% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmugavel. K. S |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=77,821 |percentage=44.12% |change=1.91% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Saravanan. M |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=8,230 |percentage=4.67% |change=4.02% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurunathan. M |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=2,474 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Prathaban. A |party=AHIMSASP |votes=2,045 |percentage=1.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvam. S. R |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,212 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,027 |percentage=0.58% |change=-0.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pattan. G |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=957 |percentage=0.54% |change=0.24% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,275 |percentage=0.72% |change=-2.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,76,385 |percentage=80.34% |change= -1.33% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=317 |percentage=0.18% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,19,551 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.64% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=E. M. R. Raja Alias Rajakrishnan. K. R |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71,575 |percentage=42.21% |change=-12.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. G. Venkatachalam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,263 |percentage=39.07% |change=1.82% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gopal. S. C. R |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=11,570 |percentage=6.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja D |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=5,995 |percentage=3.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja Sampath M K |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,828 |percentage=3.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohankumar P G |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,962 |percentage=1.16% |change=-0.23% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,546 |percentage=0.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Manimekalai K |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,101 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravi C |party=Independent politician |votes=630 |percentage=0.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mahendran G |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=513 |percentage=0.30% |change=-0.49% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kathirvel K |party=Independent politician |votes=419 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,312 |percentage=3.13% |change=-14.54% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,69,581 |percentage=81.67% |change= -0.62% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,07,641 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.72% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Ramanitharan. S. S |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=78,496 |percentage=54.92% |change=21.38% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. K. K. P. Raja]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,242 |percentage=37.25% |change=-14.05% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pongiyia Gounder. K |party=Independent politician |votes=2,269 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bargunan A. P. S |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,988 |percentage=1.39% |change=0.09% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sheikdavood. A. M |party=Independent politician |votes=1,528 |percentage=1.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Velumani. A |party=Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy |votes=1,493 |percentage=1.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paramasivan. A |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,132 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vadivel. K |party=Independent politician |votes=556 |percentage=0.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnaponnu Vathiyar. V. M |party=Independent politician |votes=544 |percentage=0.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sakthivel. G |party=Independent politician |votes=511 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandrakumar. S |party=Independent politician |votes=439 |percentage=0.31% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,254 |percentage=17.67% |change=-0.09% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,73,681 |percentage=82.29% |change= 12.75% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,42,922 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.62% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusamy. S |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,043 |percentage=51.30% |change=15.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramaniam. M |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,300 |percentage=33.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jagadeeswaran. P |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=11,574 |percentage=10.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raju. P |party=Independent politician |votes=1,763 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy. V |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,446 |percentage=1.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mannathan. P |party=Independent politician |votes=784 |percentage=0.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusamy. P |party=Independent politician |votes=709 |percentage=0.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Guruvan. G |party=Independent politician |votes=579 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,743 |percentage=17.75% |change=-0.63% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,11,198 |percentage=69.54% |change= 12.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,59,908 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Pattali Makkal Katchi |swing= -3.08% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web |title = 2001 Tamil Nadu Election Results |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnan. R |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=53,436 |percentage=54.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvarasu. P |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,374 |percentage=36.00% |change=-16.97% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thangavel . M. D |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,808 |percentage=3.88% |change=-0.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja . M |party=Independent politician |votes=2,167 |percentage=2.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sellammal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,556 |percentage=1.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ponnusamy. G |party=Independent politician |votes=1,083 |percentage=1.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusamy. V |party=MNK(PLP) |votes=466 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmugam . G |party=Independent politician |votes=379 |percentage=0.39% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,062 |percentage=18.38% |change=-6.82% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,269 |percentage=56.66% |change= -9.99% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,73,432 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Pattali Makkal Katchi |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.41% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Selvarasu. P. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,535 |percentage=52.97% |change=28.54% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramaniam. M. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,541 |percentage=27.77% |change=-31.92% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivakami |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=13,924 |percentage=14.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Eradha Rukmani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,874 |percentage=3.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=299 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnaponnuvathiyar. V. M. |party=Independent politician |votes=203 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raju. T. |party=Independent politician |votes=201 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Madhan. N. |party=Independent politician |votes=170 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raman. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=170 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paulraj. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=136 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Velusamy. M. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=128 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,994 |percentage=25.20% |change=-10.05% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,181 |percentage=66.65% |change= 3.80% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,53,654 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.72% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1991 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Periasamy V. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,592 |percentage=59.68% |change=22.38% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Eradharukmani |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,530 |percentage=24.43% |change=-10.13% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppan M. |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=13,179 |percentage=14.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kannan N. |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=410 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Manickam K. |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=405 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,062 |percentage=35.25% |change=32.51% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=88,116 |percentage=62.86% |change= 7.31% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,44,480 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 22.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1989 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Perisamy. V. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,702 |percentage=37.31% |change=-32.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramasamy. K. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,740 |percentage=34.57% |change=5.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chidambaram. V. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,199 |percentage=11.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mathaiyam. U.P. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,071 |percentage=11.28% |change=-58.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganesan. R. |party=India Farmers and Tailers Party |votes=746 |percentage=1.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Madesh. D. |party=Independent politician |votes=701 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Guruswamy. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=606 |percentage=0.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramanian.S |party=Independent politician |votes=523 |percentage=0.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusamy. R. |party=Independent politician |votes=416 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppanan. S.K. |party=Independent politician |votes=261 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Perimal. S.C. |party=Independent politician |votes=217 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,962 |percentage=2.74% |change=-37.88% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,574 |percentage=55.54% |change= -14.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,32,166 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -32.44% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1984 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[U. P. Mathaiyan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,825 |percentage=69.75% |change=12.69% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakshmi S. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,479 |percentage=29.13% |change=-5.04% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivalingam T. |party=Independent politician |votes=863 |percentage=1.12% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,346 |percentage=40.62% |change=17.74% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,167 |percentage=70.27% |change= 13.61% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,14,321 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 12.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1980 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Guruswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,498 |percentage=57.06% |change=14.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vadivel. T. G. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,662 |percentage=34.17% |change=16.27% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppan. M. |party=Janata Party |votes=4,588 |percentage=7.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthusamy. T. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=714 |percentage=1.18% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,836 |percentage=22.88% |change=0.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,462 |percentage=56.66% |change= 0.06% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,08,662 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 14.60% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1977 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Guruswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,950 |percentage=42.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Palani |party=Janata Party |votes=11,423 |percentage=20.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V.P. Palaniammal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,099 |percentage=17.90% |change=-38.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K.C. Raju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,080 |percentage=16.10% |change=-27.11% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Sivalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,283 |percentage=2.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A.K. Aran |party=Independent politician |votes=388 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G.J. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=183 |percentage=0.32% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,527 |percentage=22.21% |change=8.63% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,406 |percentage=56.60% |change= -6.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,515 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. M. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,691 |percentage=56.79% |change=0.79% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Nanjappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,876 |percentage=43.21% |change=-0.79% }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,815 |percentage=13.58% |change=1.59% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,567 |percentage=63.00% |change= -10.27% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,941 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.79% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. M. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,877 |percentage=55.99% |change=26.21% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurumurthi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,409 |percentage=44.01% |change=-12.00% }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,468 |percentage=11.99% |change=-14.23% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,286 |percentage=73.27% |change= 24.71% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,402 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Anthiyur<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Perumalraju]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,533 |percentage=56.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kalimuthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,984 |percentage=29.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thavasi |party=Independent politician |votes=4,272 |percentage=10.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,444 |percentage=3.59% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,549 |percentage=26.22% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,233 |percentage=48.55% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,662 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Erode district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madras State]]

Stuvartpuram Dongalu

2026-03-26T23:16:33Z

BabulHossainjoy: created the pg needs work - done

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language action drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Sagar
| writer = Satya Murthy (dialogues)
| screenplay = Sagar
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = V.S. Ramireddy V. Veera Reddy
| starring = [[Bhanu Chander]] [[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]] [[Easwari Rao]] [[Raja (Tamil actor)|Daggubati Raja]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = S. Gopal Reddy
| editing = Gowtham Raju
| music = [[Raj-Koti]]
| studio = Sambasiva Art Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1991|1|3|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Stuvartpuram Dongalu''''' ({{translation|Thieves of [[Stuartpuram]]}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama]] film directed by Sagar and starring [[Bhanu Chander]], [[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]], [[Easwari Rao]] and [[Raja (Tamil actor)|Daggubati Raja]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-02 |title=Veteran Telugu Film director Sagar (70) passes away! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/veteran-telugu-film-director-sagar-passes-away/articleshow/97541176.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-02 |title=Veteran Telugu director Sagar passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/telugu-veteran-director-sagar-passes-away-8419182/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203063552/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/telugu-veteran-director-sagar-passes-away-8419182/ |archive-date=2023-02-03 |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US |access-date=2025-09-14 }}</ref>

==Plot==
A father alongside his partners and son go out to steal; however, his father is betrayed by his allies in crime. His son takes revenge on his father's partners.<ref name="N"/>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Bhanu Chander]]
*[[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]]
*[[Easwari Rao]] as Padmini IAS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fbts.eenadu.net/sundaymagazine/inner_page/11227 | language=te|title=కాలాని అలా సాధించాను..! |accessdate=13 September 2025 |work=[[Eenadu]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416104818/https://fbts.eenadu.net/sundaymagazine/inner_page/11227 |archivedate=16 April 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Raja (Tamil actor)|Daggubati Raja]] as Viji
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as SP Shankar
*[[Charan Raj]]
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
*[[Babu Mohan]]
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Padmini's father
*[[Vallabhaneni Janardhan]]
*[[Narsing Yadav]]
*Bangalore Padma
}}

==Release and reception==
The film was released a week before ''[[Stuartpuram Police Station]]'' (1991) starring [[Chiranjeevi]] and was a success giving director Sagar a break.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Noted Telugu film director Sagar passes away in Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/noted-telugu-film-director-sagar-passes-away-in-chennai/article66462748.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204063757/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/noted-telugu-film-director-sagar-passes-away-in-chennai/article66462748.ece |archive-date=2023-02-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |access-date=2025-09-14 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Veteran Telugu filmmaker Sagar dies at 70 in Chennai home; Srinu Vaitla pays tribute to his 'guru' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/veteran-telugu-filmmaker-sagar-dies-at-70-in-chennai-home-srinu-vaitla-pays-tribute-to-his-guru-101675318854638.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=2023-02-02 |title=Filmmaker Sagar passes away at 70. A look at his contribution to Telugu cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/filmmaker-sagar-passes-away-at-70-a-look-at-his-contribution-to-telugu-cinema-2329514-2023-02-02 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Telugu film director Sagar passes away at 70 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telugu-film-director-sagar-passes-away-at-70 |website=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

In the director's obituary, a writer from ''[[News18]]'' noted "The power-packed storyline and iconic performances by the cast were some of the integral elements which led to the success of this film".<ref name="N">{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Renowned Telugu Director Vidya Sagar Reddy Dies Aged 70 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/renowned-telugu-director-vidya-sagar-reddy-dies-aged-70-6978073.html |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1579882}}

[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language action drama films]]
[[Category:1991 action drama films]]
[[Category:1991 Indian films]]

Indiana

2026-03-26T22:26:03Z

BabulHossainjoy: typo fix

{{short description|U.S. state}}
{{about|the U.S. state}}
{{redirect|Hoosier State|the passenger train|Hoosier State (train){{!}}''Hoosier State'' (train)}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox U.S. state
| name = Indiana
| image_flag = Flag of Indiana.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Indiana
| anthem = "[[On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away]]"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/indiana-state-song/ |title=Indiana State Song |website=in.gov |date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=The song entitled, "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away," words and music by Paul Dresser, be and is hereby established as the state song of Indiana. (Ind. Code § 1-2-6-1)}}</ref> [[File:On the Bank of the Wabash Far Away by Paul Dresser, 1899.ogg|On the Bank of the Wabash Far Away by Paul Dresser, 1899]]
| image_seal = Indiana-StateSeal.svg
| image_map = Indiana in United States.svg
| nickname = "The [[Hoosier]] State"
| Former = Indiana Territory
| population_demonym = [[Hoosier]]
| motto = "[[Crossroads of America]]"
| seat = [[Indianapolis]]
| LargestCity = capital
| LargestCounty = [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion]]
| LargestMetro = [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis]]
| Governor = [[Mike Braun]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| Lieutenant Governor = [[Micah Beckwith]] (R)
| Legislature = [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]]
| Upperhouse = [[Indiana Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Indiana House of Representatives]]
| Judiciary = [[Indiana Supreme Court]]
| Senators = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Todd Young]] (R)}}|{{nowrap|[[Jim Banks]] (R)}}}}
| Representative = {{ubl|7 Republicans|2 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]}}
| postal_code = IN
| TradAbbreviation = Ind.
| OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]
| area_rank = 38th
| area_total_sq_mi = 36,418
| area_total_km2 = 94,321
| area_land_sq_mi = 35,868
| area_land_km2 = 92,897
| area_water_sq_mi = 550
| area_water_km2 = 1,424
| area_water_percent = 1.5
| population_as_of = 2025
| population_rank = 17th
| 2010Pop = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 6,973,333<ref name="QuickFacts">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/IN/PST045225|accessdate=January 27, 2026|title= United States Census Quick Facts Indiana}}</ref>
| population_density_rank = 17th
| 2020DensityUS = 189
| 2020Density = 73.1
| MedianHouseholdIncome = ${{round|69477|-2}} (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf|title=Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023|accessdate=January 12, 2025}}</ref>
| IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and district by median household income|37th]]
| AdmittanceOrder = 19th
| AdmittanceDate = December 11, 1816
| timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset1 = −05:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = −04:00
| timezone1_location = 80 counties
| timezone2 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]
| utc_offset2 = −06:00
| timezone2_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset2_DST = −05:00
| timezone2_location = 12 counties
| Latitude = 37° 46′ N to 41° 46′ N
| Longitude = 84° 47′ W to 88° 6′ W
| width_mi = 149
| width_km = 232
| length_mi = 278
| length_km = 432
| elevation_max_point = [[Hoosier Hill]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |access-date=October 21, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]]}}
| elevation_max_ft = 1,257
| elevation_max_m = 383
| elevation_ft = 700
| elevation_m = 210
| elevation_min_point = Confluence of [[Ohio River]] and [[Wabash River]]<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}}
| elevation_min_ft = 320
| elevation_min_m = 97
| iso_code = US-IN
| website = https://in.gov
| Capital =
| Representatives =
}}
{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
|state = Indiana
|image_flag = Flag of Indiana.svg
|image_seal = Indiana-StateSeal.svg
|amphibian =
|bird = [[Northern cardinal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/indiana-state-bird/ |title=Indiana State Bird |website=in.gov |date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=The bird commonly known as the Red Bird or Cardinal (''Richmondena Cardinalis Cardinalis'') is hereby adopted and designated as the official state bird of the state of Indiana. (Ind. Code § 1-2-8-1)}}</ref> (''Cardinalis cardinalis'')
|butterfly =
|crustacean =
|fish =
|flower = [[Peony]]<ref name="Ind. Code 1-2-8-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/indiana-state-tree-and-flower/ |title=Indiana State Tree and Flower |website=in.gov |date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=The tulip tree (''liriodendron tulipifera'') is hereby adopted and designated as the official state tree, and the flower of the peony (''Paeonie'') is hereby adopted and designated as the official state flower of the state of Indiana. (Ind. Code § 1-2-8-1)}}</ref> (''Paeonia'')
|grass =
|insect = [[Pyractomena angulata|Say's firefly]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://secure.in.gov/dnr/entomology/resources-and-links/says-firefly/ |title=Say's Firefly |website=in.gov |date=January 26, 2021 |publisher=Indiana Department of Natural Resources |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=Say's Firefly became Indiana's state insect when legislation proclaiming it as such was signed by Gov. Eric Holcomb on March 23, 2018.}}</ref> (''Pyractomena angulata'')
|mammal =
|reptile =
|tree = [[Liriodendron tulipifera|Tulip tree]]<ref name="Ind. Code 1-2-8-1"/> (''Liriodendron tulipifera'')
|beverage =
|colors = [[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[Gold (color)|gold]]
|dance =
|dinosaur =
|firearm = [[Grouseland|Grouseland Rifle]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Evans |first=Tim |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2016/02/16/replica-william-henry-harrisons-grouseland-rifle-commissioned-bicentennial/80402246/ |title=Replica of Grouseland Rifle, the official state gun, commissioned for bicentennial |publisher=The Indianapolis Star |date=February 16, 2016 |access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>
|food = [[Popcorn]] (state snack)<ref>{{cite web |last=Mills |first=Wes |url=https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/its-official-popcorn-is-state-snack |title=It's Official: Popcorn is Indiana's State Snack |publisher=Inside Indiana Business |date=July 2, 2021 |access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>
|fossil = [[Mastodon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/indiana/mastodons-indiana-first-official-fossil/417-cd2d6a5f-6a90-4fd2-a182-3d2bf1175f1f |title=Indiana lawmakers name mastodon as first state fossil |date=February 19, 2022 |website=WHAS-TV}}</ref> (''Mammut americanum'')
|gemstone =
|instrument =
|mineral =
|poem = "Indiana"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/indiana-state-poem/ |title=Indiana State Poem |website=in.gov |date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=The poem of Arthur Franklin Mapes, Kendallville, Indiana, the title and text of which are set forth in full as a part of this section, is hereby adopted as Indiana's official poem. (Ind. Code § 1-2-5-1)}}</ref>
|rock = [[Indiana limestone]]<ref name="State River and Stone">{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/indiana-state-river-and-stone/ |title=Indiana State River and Stone |website=in.gov |date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=November 6, 2022 |quote=The river commonly known as the Wabash River is adopted and designated as the official river of the state of Indiana. (Ind. Code § 1-2-11-1) (...) The regal type rock 'Limestone' which is found and quarried in south and central Indiana from the geologic formation named the Salem Limestone, is hereby adopted as the official stone of the State of Indiana. (Ind. Code § 1-2-9-1)}}</ref>
|shell =
|ship =
|slogan = "IN Indiana"<ref>{{cite web |last=Kane |first=Lizzie |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2022/06/08/indiana-launches-tourism-marketing-campaign-in-indiana/7555601001/ |title='IN Indiana': State launches tourism campaign following height of COVID-19 pandemic |publisher=The Indianapolis Star |date=June 8, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>
|soil =
|sport =
|tartan =
|toy =
|other = [[Wabash River]] (state river)<ref name="State River and Stone"/> [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt]] ''Hoosier Spirit II'' (state aircraft)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tristatehomepage.com/news/new-look-unveiled-for-evansvilles-p-47-hoosier-spirit-ii/ |title=New look unveiled for Evansville's P-47, Hoosier Spirit II |website=tristatehomepage.com |publisher=[[WEHT]] |date=May 7, 2021 |access-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108022724/https://www.tristatehomepage.com/news/new-look-unveiled-for-evansvilles-p-47-hoosier-spirit-ii/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|image_route = Indiana 13.svg
|image_quarter = 2002 IN Proof.png
|quarter_release_date = 2002
}}
'''Indiana''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Indiana.ogg|ˌ|ɪ|n|d|i|ˈ|æ|n|ə}} {{respell|IN|dee|AN|ə}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Indiana|accessdate=March 8, 2024}}</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] region of the [[United States]]. It borders [[Lake Michigan]] to the northwest, [[Michigan]] to the north and northeast, [[Ohio]] to the east, the [[Ohio River]] and [[Kentucky]] to the south and southeast, and the [[Wabash River]] and [[Illinois]] to the west. Nicknamed "the [[Hoosier]] State",<ref>{{Cite web |last=IHB |date=December 7, 2020 |title=What is a Hoosier |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/emblems-and-symbols/what-is-a-hoosier/ |access-date=May 3, 2024 |website=IHB |language=en}}</ref> Indiana is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|38th-largest by area]] and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|17th-most populous]] of the [[List of states and territories of the United States|50 states]]. The state's capital and largest city is [[Indianapolis]]. Indiana was admitted to the Union as the 19th state on December 11, 1816.

[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]] resistance to American settlement was broken with their defeat in [[Battle of Tippecanoe]] in 1811, and the collapse of [[Tecumseh's confederacy]] in 1813. The new settlers were primarily Americans of [[British people|British]] ancestry from the [[East Coast of the United States|eastern seaboard]] and the [[Upland South]], and [[Germans]]. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], in which the state fought for the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]], natural gas attracted heavy industry and new [[European immigration to the United States|European immigrants]] to its northern counties. In the first half of the 20th century, northern and central sections experienced a boom in goods manufacture and automobile production. Southern Indiana remained largely rural. After the rise and fall of the [[Indiana Klan|Klan]] in the 1920s, the state swung politically from the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] to [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in the [[New Deal]] 1930s. Today, with a decades-long record of returning Republican majorities, Indiana is counted a "[[Red states and blue states|red state]]".

Indiana has [[Economy of Indiana|a diverse economy]] with a gross state product in 2023 of 404.3 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the gross domestic product (GDP) in Indiana? |url=https://usafacts.org/answers/what-is-the-gross-domestic-product-gdp/state/indiana/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=USAFacts |language=en}}</ref> Indianapolis is at the center of the state's largest [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|metropolitan area]], with a population of over two million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=InDepth Profile: STATS Indiana |url=https://www.stats.indiana.edu/profiles/profiles.asp?scope_choice=b&county_changer2=Rmsa:3480&button1=Get |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=www.stats.indiana.edu}}</ref> The [[Fort Wayne metropolitan area, Indiana|Fort Wayne metro area]] follows with a population of 645,000.<ref name="2010census">{{cite web |date=July 1, 2011 |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2011/tables/CBSA-EST2011-01.csv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020171003/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2011/tables/CBSA-EST2011-01.csv |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |access-date=October 19, 2013 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>

The state's largest city, [[Indianapolis]], is home to professional sports teams, including the [[National Football League|NFL]]'s [[Indianapolis Colts]], the [[National Basketball Association|NBA's]] [[Indiana Pacers]], and the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]]'s [[Indiana Fever]]. The city also hosts several notable competitive events, such as the [[Indianapolis 500]], held at [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].

==Etymology==
Indiana's name means "Land of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]", or simply "Indian Land".{{efn|An earlier use of the name dates to the 1760s, when it referenced a tract of land under control of the Commonwealth of Virginia, but the area's name was discarded when it became a part of that state. See {{cite journal |last=Hodgin |first=Cyrus |year=1903 |title=The Naming of Indiana |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |format=PDF transcription |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |access-date=January 23, 2014}}}} It also stems from Indiana's territorial history. On May 7, 1800, the [[United States Congress]] passed legislation to divide the [[Northwest Territory]] into two areas and named the western section the [[Indiana Territory]]. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a part of this territorial land became the geographic area for the new state.{{efn|A portion of the Northwest Territory's eastern section became the state of [[Ohio]] in 1803. The [[Michigan Territory]] was established in 1805 from part of the Indiana Territory's northern lands and four years later, in 1809, the Illinois counties were separated from the Indiana Territory to create the [[Illinois Territory]]. See {{cite book |author-first1=John D. |author-last1=Barnhart |author-first2=Dorothy L. |author-last2=Riker |title=Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society |series=The History of Indiana |volume=I |year=1971 |location=Indianapolis |pages=311–13, 337, 353, 355, 432 }}}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=George R. |author-link=George R. Stewart |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew |url-access=registration |orig-year=1945 |edition=Sentry edition (3rd) |year=1967 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew/page/191 191]}}</ref><ref name="IHBNI"/>

Formal use of the word ''Indiana'' dates from 1768, when a [[Philadelphia]]-based trading company gave its land claim in present-day [[West Virginia]] the name "Indiana" in honor of its previous owners, the [[Iroquois]]. Later, ownership of the claim was transferred to the [[Indiana Land Company]], the first recorded use of the word ''Indiana''. But the [[Virginia]] colony argued that it was the rightful owner of the land because it fell within its geographic boundaries. The [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]] denied the land company's right to the claim in 1798.<ref name="IHBNI">{{cite journal|author-first1=Cyrus|author-last1=Hodgin|url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |title=The Naming of Indiana
| volume =1 |issue=1 | year =1903 | pages =3–11
|access-date=July 23, 2018 |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana Historical Society}}</ref>

=== Hoosier ===
{{Anchor|Etymology of Hoosier}}A native or resident of Indiana is known as a [[Hoosier]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Maureen |last=Groppe |title=Finally, the federal government agrees: We're Hoosiers |website=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/12/finally-federal-government-agrees-were-hoosiers/96461534/ |date=12 January 2017}}</ref> The etymology of this word is disputed, but the leading theory, advanced by the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society, has its origin in Virginia, Kentucky, the Carolinas, and Tennessee (the [[Upland South]]) as a term for a backwoodsman, a rough countryman, or a country bumpkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haller |first=Steve |date=Fall 2008 |title=The Meanings of Hoosier: 175 Years and Counting |journal=Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=5, 6 |issn=1040-788X |url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/reference/Hoosier.pdf |access-date=January 23, 2014 |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221011316/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/reference/Hoosier.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Word Hoosier |author-last1=Graf|author-first1= Jeffery |publisher=[[Indiana University Bloomington]] |url=http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/internet/extra/hoosier.html |access-date=February 27, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126184119/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/internet/extra/hoosier.html|archive-date=26 January 2012}}</ref>

==History==

{{Main|History of Indiana}}

{{See also|Outline of Indiana#History}}

===Indigenous inhabitants===

[[File:Angel mound with turret HRoe 2008.jpg|thumb|left| [[Angel Mounds State Historic Site]] was one of the northernmost [[Mississippian culture]] settlements, occupied from 1100 to 1450.]]

The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the [[Paleo-Indians]], who arrived about 8000 BC after the melting of the glaciers at the end of the [[Last Glacial Period|Ice Age]]. Divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were [[nomad]]s who hunted large [[Game (food)|game]] such as [[mastodons]]. They created stone tools made out of [[chert]] by chipping, [[knapping]] and [[Lithic reduction|flaking]].<ref name="HIS">{{cite web| title =Prehistoric Indians of Indiana| publisher =State of Indiana| url =http://in.gov/dnr/historic/files/prehisindians.pdf| access-date =July 5, 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084154/http://in.gov/dnr/historic/files/prehisindians.pdf| archive-date =January 17, 2013| url-status =dead}}</ref>

The [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic period]] between 5000 and 4000 BC saw the development of new ground-stone tools the building of earthwork [[mound]]s and [[midden]]s, suggesting that settlements were becoming more permanent.<ref name="HIS"/> The [[Woodland period]] began around 1500 BC marked by ceramics and pottery and the extended cultivation of plants eventually including crops such as [[Maize|corn]] and [[Squash (plant)|squash]], and the development of long-term trade, notably by the [[Hopewell tradition|Hopewell people]].<ref name="HIS" />

The [[Mississippian culture]] emerged, lasting from 1000 AD until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, people created large urban settlements designed according to their [[cosmology]], with large mounds and plazas defining ceremonial and public spaces. The concentrated settlements depended on the agricultural surpluses. One such complex was the [[Angel Mounds]]. They had large public areas such as plazas and platform mounds, where leaders lived or conducted rituals. Mississippian civilization collapsed in Indiana during the mid-15th century for reasons that remain unclear.<ref name="HIS" />

The historic Native American tribes in the area at the time of European encounter spoke different languages of the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] family. They included the [[Shawnee]], [[Miami people|Miami]], and [[Illiniwek|Illini]]. Refugee tribes from eastern regions, including the [[Delaware Nation|Delaware]] who settled in the White and Whitewater River Valleys, later joined them.

===European exploration and sovereignty===

{{See also|New France|Louisiana (New France)|Illinois Country|Province of Quebec (1763–1791)}}
[[File:Natives guiding french explorers through indiana.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Native Indians guide French explorers through Indiana, as depicted by [[Maurice Thompson]] in ''Stories of Indiana'']]

In 1679, French explorer [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]] was the first European to cross into Indiana after reaching present-day [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] at the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River]].<ref>Allison, p. 17.</ref> He was followed by French-Canadian [[fur trade]]rs exchanging blankets, jewelry, tools, whiskey and weapons with the Native Americans for skins.

By 1702, [[Louis Juchereau de St. Denis|Sieur Juchereau]] established the first trading post near [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]]. In 1715, [[Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes|Sieur de Vincennes]] built [[Fort Miami (Indiana)|Fort Miami]] at [[Kekionga]], now [[Fort Wayne]]. In 1717, another Canadian, [[Picote de Beletre]], built [[Fort Ouiatenon]] on the [[Wabash River]], to try to control Native American trade routes from [[Lake Erie]] to the [[Mississippi River]].

In 1732, Sieur de Vincennes built a second fur trading post at Vincennes. In a period of a few years, British colonists arrived from the East and contended with the Canadians for control of the lucrative fur trade. Fighting between the French and British colonists occurred throughout the 1750s.

The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the French Canadians during the [[French and Indian War]] (an episode of the [[Seven Years' War]] between the European [[great power]]s). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to cede to the British crown all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the [[Thirteen Colonies|colonies]].

Tribal resistance continued with [[Pontiac's Rebellion]] and the capture of forts [[Fort Ouiatenon|Ouiatenon]] and [[Forts of Fort Wayne, Indiana#Fort Miami|Miami]]. The [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]] designated the land west of the [[Appalachians]] as an [[Indian Reserve (1763)|Indian Reserve]], and excluded British colonists from the area, which the Crown called "Indian Territory".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Middlekauff |first1=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nya0ODz-B-cC&pg=PA58 |title=The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1951-6247-9 |edition=Revised Expanded |location=New York |pages=58–60}}</ref> The measure was one of the first significant areas of dispute between Britain and the [[Thirteen Colonies|colonies]] and would become a contributing factor leading to the [[American Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holton |first=Woody |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fV_qCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia |date=January 20, 2011 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-0-8078-9986-1 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1775, the [[American Revolutionary War]] began as the colonists sought self-government and independence from the British. The majority of the fighting took place near the East Coast, but the Patriot military officer [[George Rogers Clark]] called for an army to help fight the British in the west.<ref>Brill, p. 31–32.</ref> Clark's army won significant battles and took over [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] and [[Fort Sackville (Vincennes)|Fort Sackville]] on February 25, 1779.<ref name="NO">{{cite web |title=Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |url=https://www.in.gov/history/2695.htm#events |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=State of Indiana}}</ref>

During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops, who were attacking the eastern colonists from the west. His success is often credited for changing the course of the American Revolutionary War.<ref>Brill, p. 33.</ref> At the end of the war, through the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], the British crown ceded their claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States, including Native American lands.

===The frontier===

{{Main|Northwest Ordinance|Northwest Territory|Organic act#List of organic acts|Indiana Territory}}

{{multiple image | direction = horizontal | width = 210
|image1=Indiana Indian treaties.svg
|alt1=A colorful map of Indiana with treaty names
|image2=Indiana, 1817.jpg
|alt2=A crude map of Indiana with only a handful of southern counties delineated
|caption2
|footer=Left: A map showing extent of the treaty lands. Right: One of the first maps of Indiana (made 1816, published 1817) showing territories prior to the Treaty of St. Mary's which greatly expanded the region. Note the inaccurate placement of [[Lake Michigan]].
}}

In 1787, the U.S. defined the [[Northwest Territory]] which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated [[Ohio]] from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the [[Indiana Territory]].<ref name="GAC"/> President [[Thomas Jefferson]] chose [[William Henry Harrison]] as the governor of the territory, and [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] was established as the capital.<ref>Brill, p. 35.</ref> After the [[Michigan Territory]] was separated and the [[Illinois Territory]] was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography.<ref name="GAC">{{cite web| title =Government at Crossroads: An Indiana chronology|website=[[The Herald Bulletin]]| date =January 5, 2008| url =http://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/local_news/government-at-crossroads-an-indiana-chronology/article_3a07aa44-1cd4-5028-82e7-96b907121b31.html?mode=jqm| access-date =July 22, 2009 }}</ref>

Starting with the [[Battle of Fallen Timbers]] in 1794 and the [[Treaty of Greenville]] in 1795, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. About half the state was acquired in the [[Treaty of St. Mary's]] from the [[Miami people|Miami]] in 1818. Purchases were not complete until the [[Treaty of Mississinewas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty with the Miami, 1826 |url=https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-miami-1826-0278 |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=treaties.okstate.edu}}</ref> again with the Miami in 1826 acquired the last of the reserved Native American lands in the northeast.

By 1810, only two counties in the extreme southeast, [[Clark County, Indiana|Clark]] and [[Dearborn County, Indiana|Dearborn]], had been organized by European settlers. Land titles issued out of Cincinnati were sparse. Settler migration was chiefly via flatboat on the Ohio River westerly, and by wagon trails up the Wabash/White River Valleys (west) and [[Whitewater River (Indiana)|Whitewater River]] Valleys (east).

After working to maintain peaceful coexistence with the United States, the [[Shawnee]] tribal chief [[Tecumseh]] and his brother [[Tenskwatawa]], "the Shawnee Prophet", encouraged other indigenous tribes in the territory to reject European influences, stop drinking alcohol, and resist further encroachment. Tensions rose and the U.S. authorized Harrison to launch a preemptive expedition against [[Tecumseh's Confederacy]]; the U.S. gained victory at the [[Battle of Tippecanoe]] on November 7, 1811.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cave |first=Alfred A. |date=2002 |title=The Shawnee Prophet, Tecumseh, and Tippecanoe: A Case Study of Historical Myth-Making |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3124761 |journal=Journal of the Early Republic |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=637–673 |doi=10.2307/3124761 |jstor=3124761 |issn=0275-1275|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In the [[War of 1812]], the British, who had been assisted by Tecumseh in the [[Siege of Detroit|capture of Detroit]], proposed creating of an [[Indian barrier state]] to ensure the security of [[Upper Canada]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett |first=Ryan |date=August 1, 2013 |title=The War of 1812: The End of an Uncommon Alliance |url=https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/history_theses/21 |journal=History Theses |publisher=State University of New York, Buffalo State College}}</ref> But after Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the [[Battle of the Thames]], resistance to United States control ended in the region. Most Native American tribes in the state were later [[Indian removals in Indiana|removed]] to west of the [[Mississippi River]] in the 1820s and 1830s after being forced to accept the "purchase" of their lands.<ref>Brill, pp. 36–37.</ref>

===Statehood and settlement===

[[Corydon, Indiana|Corydon]], a town in the far southern part of Indiana, was named the second capital of the Indiana Territory in May 1813 in order to decrease the threat of Native American raids following the Battle of Tippecanoe.<ref name="GAC"/> Two years later, a petition for statehood was approved by the territorial general assembly and sent to Congress. An [[Enabling Act]] was passed to provide an election of delegates to write a [[constitution of Indiana|constitution for Indiana]]. On June 10, 1816, delegates assembled at Corydon to write a state constitution, which was completed in 19 days. [[Jonathan Jennings]] was elected the fledgling state's first governor in August 1816. President [[James Madison]] approved Indiana's [[Admission to the Union|admission into the union]] as the [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|nineteenth state]] on December 11, 1816.<ref name="NO"/> In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to [[Indianapolis]].<ref name="GAC"/>

{| style="margin:auto"
| [[File:Historic American Buildings Survey Lester Jones, Photographer May 24, 1940. VIEW FROM SOUTHWEST - First State Capitol, Corydon, Harrison County, IN HABS IND,31-CORY,1-2.tif|thumb|Indiana's Capitol Building in [[Corydon, Indiana|Corydon]] served as the state's seat of government from 1816 until 1825.<ref>{{cite web|title=Corydon Capitol State Historic Site|publisher=Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites|url=https://www.indianamuseum.org/corydon-capitol-state-historic-site|access-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref>]]
| [[File:William Henry Harrison. Indiana statehood stamp, 1950 issue.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|1950 postal issue of Harrison commemorating Indiana's 150th anniversary of statehood]]
|}
Many European [[immigrants]] went west to settle in Indiana in the early 19th century. The largest immigrant group to settle in Indiana were [[German-American|Germans]] ([[German-American|German]] remains the largest ancestry reported in Indiana),<ref name=Germanic>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US18&primary_geo_id=04000US18 |access-date=July 2, 2024 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> as well as many immigrants from [[Ireland]] and [[England]]. Americans who were primarily [[English American|ethnically English]] migrated from the Northern Tier of [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[New England]], as well as from the mid-Atlantic state of [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="The H">{{cite web |title=The History of Indiana |url=https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/indiana |access-date=July 26, 2009 |publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|History]]}}</ref><ref>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AWJGw9z2RkkYJ%3Awww.uen.org%2FLessonplan%2FdownloadFile.cgi%3Ffile%3D1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf%26filename%3DAF_Census_Data.pdf+49%2C598%2C035&gl=uk&pid=bl] {{dead link|date=July 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The arrival of steamboats on the Ohio River in 1811, and the [[National Road]] at Richmond in 1829, greatly facilitated settlement of northern and western Indiana.

Following statehood, the new government worked to transform Indiana from a [[American frontier|frontier]] into a developed, well-populated, and thriving state, beginning significant demographic and economic changes. In 1836, the state's founders initiated a program, the [[Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act]], that led to the construction of roads, [[canal]]s, railroads and state-funded public schools. The plans bankrupted the state and were a financial disaster, but increased land and produce value more than fourfold.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vanderstel |first=David G |title=The 1851 Indiana Constitution by David G. Vanderstel |url=https://www.in.gov/history/2689.htm |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=State of Indiana}}</ref> In response to the crisis and in order to avert another, in 1851, a second [[Constitution of Indiana|constitution]] was adopted, which prohibited public debt. At the same time, however, it included a mandate for a "uniform system of common schools, equally open to all and free of tuition."<ref>Carmony, p. 451.</ref>

In a reaction against an influx of [[free people of color]] and emancipated slaves who had been expelled from slave states, Article 13 of the new constitution sought to bar their further immigration into Indiana and proposed their resettlement in [[Republic of Liberia|Liberia]].<ref name="Madison49">{{cite book |author-first1=James H. |author-last1=Madison |title=Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana |publisher=Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-253-01308-8 |location=Bloomington and Indianapolis |pages=137, 144}}</ref> Citing the newly passed [[Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]], the Indiana Supreme Court struck down the article in 1866, and it was removed by amendment in 1881.<ref>{{cite book |author-first1=Emma Lou|author-last1=Thornbrough |title=The Negro in Indiana Before 1900: A Study of a Minority |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1993 |isbn=0253359899 |location=Bloomington |pages=233, 235, 250, 267–268}}</ref><ref name="Shephard40-41">{{cite journal |author-first1=Randall T. |author-last1=Shepard |date=Summer 2003 |title=For Human Rights: Slave Cases And The Indiana Supreme Court |url=http://cdm16797.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16797coll39/id/1606 |journal=Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Indiana Historical Society |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=40–41 |access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> Nevertheless, numerous communities and counties implemented practices to exclude [[African Americans]]. These jurisdictions, known as "[[sundown town]]s", were prevalent during the 1890s.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Loewen |first=James W. |title=Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism |publisher=The New Press |year=2005 |isbn=9781620974346 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Campney |first=Brent M.S. |title=Hostile Heartland: Racism, Repression, and Resistance in the Midwest |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2019 |isbn=9780252084300 |location=Urbana}}</ref>

===Civil War and late 19th-century industry===
{{Main|Indiana in the American Civil War}}

Indiana was the first western state to mobilize for the United States in the [[American Civil War]], and soldiers from Indiana participated in all the war's major engagements. In 1861, Indiana was assigned a [[American Civil War#Mobilization|quota]] of 7,500 soldiers to join the [[Union Army]].<ref>Gray 1995, p. 156.</ref> So many volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be turned away. Before the war ended, Indiana had contributed 208,367 organized in 126 infantry regiments, 26 batteries of artillery and 13 regiments of cavalry to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]].<ref>Funk, pp. 23–24, 163.</ref> Casualties were over 35% of the enlisted: 24,416 men lost their lives and over 50,000 more were wounded.<ref>Funk, pp. 3–4.</ref> The only Civil War conflicts fought in Indiana were the [[Newburgh Raid]], a bloodless capture of the city; and the [[Battle of Corydon]], which occurred during [[Morgan's Raid]] leaving 15 dead, 40 wounded, and 355 captured.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Civil War; a Narrative, Red River to Appomattox|author-last1=Foote|author-first1= Shelby|publisher=Random House|year=1974|pages =343–344}}</ref>

After the war, Indiana remained a largely agricultural state. Post-war industries included mining, including limestone extraction; meatpacking; food processing, such as milling grain, distilling it into alcohol; and the building of [[wagon]]s, [[Buggy (carriage)|buggies]], farm machinery, and hardware.<ref name="INdustry">{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main8.html |title=Indiana History Part 8 – Indiana Industrialization |website=centerforhistory.org |access-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707154815/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main8.html
|archive-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> However, the [[Indiana gas boom|discovery of natural gas]] in the 1880s in northern Indiana led to an economic boom: the abundant and cheap fuel attracted [[heavy industry]]; the availability of jobs, in turn, attracted new settlers from other parts of the country as well as from Europe.<ref name="Gray 1995, p. 202">Gray 1995, p. 202.</ref> This led to the rapid expansion of cities such as [[South Bend]], Indianapolis, and [[Fort Wayne]].<ref name="INdustry"/>

===Early 20th century===
[[File:Midnight at the glassworks2b.jpg|thumb|right|Child labor in Indiana glassworks, 1908, by [[Lewis Hine]]]]
The early decades of the 20th century saw Indiana develop into a leading [[Rust Belt|manufacturing state]] with heavy industry concentrating in the north.<ref name="The H" /> In 1906 the [[United States Steel Corporation]] created a new industrial city on Lake Michigan named [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], after [[Elbert Henry Gary]], its founding chairman. With industrialization, workers developed labor unions (their strike activities induced governor [[James P. Goodrich]] to declare martial law in Gary in 1919)<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Hara|first=S. Paul|title=Gary, the most American of all American cities|date=2011|publisher=Indiana Univ. Press|isbn=9780253222886|location=Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]}}</ref> and a [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist Party]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Martin|first=John Barlow|title=Indiana: an Interpretation|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1992|isbn=9780253207548|location=Bloomington|pages=133–158}}</ref> Railroader [[Eugene V. Debs|Eugene Debs]] of [[Terre Haute, Indiana|Terre Haute]], the Socialist candidate received 901,551 votes (6.0% of the national vote) in the 1912 presidential election.<ref name="Election1912">[https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1912&f=0 1912 Presidential General Election Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406022749/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1912&f=0|date=April 6, 2019}}, ''U.S. Election Atlas'', David Leip. Retrieved January 5, 2019.</ref> Suffrage movements also arose to enfranchise women.<ref name="Gray 1995, p. 202"/>

In its earlier years, Indiana was a leader in the automobile boom. Beginning its production in [[Kokomo, Indiana|Kokomo]] in 1896, [[Haynes-Apperson]] was the nation's first commercially successful auto company.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Madden|first=W. C.|title=Haynes-Apperson and America's First Practical Automobile: A History|publisher=McFarland & Co|year=2006|isbn=0786426756|location=Jefferson, N.C.}}</ref> The importance of vehicle and parts manufacture to the state was symbolized by the construction in 1909 of the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|date=May 14, 2010|title=Indy 500: Indianapolis Motor Speedway History|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/99999999/SPORTS0107/90429082/Indy-500-Indianapolis-Motor-Speedway-history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003200022/http://www.indystar.com/article/99999999/SPORTS0107/90429082/Indy-500-Indianapolis-Motor-Speedway-history|archive-date=October 3, 2013|access-date=November 23, 2010|publisher=Indystar.com}}</ref>

In the 1920s, state politics was heavily influenced by the rise of the [[Indiana Klan]]. First organized in 1915 as a branch of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], it appealed to white Protestants alarmed by social and economic trends, including changes induced by immigration from southern and central Europe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Madison|first=James H.|title=The Indiana Way: A State History|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1990|isbn=9780253206091|location=Bloomington|page=292}}</ref> In the name of defending "hundred-per-cent Americanism", the Klan sought to exclude from public life "[[Communism|Bolsheviks]], [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], [[Jews]], [[Negro]]es, [[Rum-running|bootleggers]], [[Pacifism|pacifists]], [[Evolutionism|evolutionists]], foreigners, and all persons it considered immoral".<ref>Martin (1992), p.190</ref>

By 1925 the Klan had 250,000 members, an estimated 30% of native-born white men.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018105327/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |publisher=Northern Indiana Center for History |title=Indiana History Part 7 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>Bodenhamer, David (1994) ''The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis,'' Indiana University Press, Bloomington, p. 879</ref> By 1925 over half the elected members of the [[Indiana General Assembly]], the [[governor of Indiana]], and many other high-ranking officials in local and state government were members of the Klan. Politicians had also learned they needed Klan endorsement to win office.<ref name=":1">{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Leonard Joseph | title=Citizen klansmen : the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928 | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | publication-place=Chapel Hill | date=1991 | isbn=0-8078-6349-1 | oclc=45727836}}</ref> That year, "Grand Dragon" [[D.C. Stephenson]], who had begun to brag "I am the law in Indiana",<ref name=":2">{{cite book | last=Lutholtz | first=M. William | title=Grand dragon : D.C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana | publisher=Purdue University Press | publication-place=West Lafayette, Ind. | date=1991 | isbn=1-55753-010-6 | oclc=22629874}}</ref> was charged and convicted for the rape and murder of [[Madge Oberholtzer]], a young school teacher. Denied pardon, in 1927 Stephenson gave the ''[[Indianapolis Times]]'' lists of people the Klan had paid. Partly as a result of compounded scandal, membership collapsed.<ref name="Lutholtz2">{{cite book|last=Lutholtz|first=M. William|title=Grand Dragon: D. C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1991|isbn=1-55753-046-7|location=West Lafayette, Indiana}}</ref>

Throughout the 1930s, [[New Deal]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] topped the polls<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Madison |first1=James |title=Hoosiers and the American Story |last2=Sandweiss |first2=Lee Ann |publisher=Indiana Historical Society |year=2014 |isbn=9780871953636 |location=Indianapolis |pages=231}}</ref> and "the Klan was political poison".<ref>Martin (1992), p. 199</ref> During those years, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the [[Great Depression]]: businesses were shuttered and farm income collapsed. The numbers seeking employment, shelter and relief were augmented by out-of-state [[Dust Bowl]] migrants. Swept into office in the nationwide landslide for [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] in 1932, Democratic governor [[Paul V. McNutt]], called on Hoosiers to "prove that government may be a great instrument of human progress",<ref name=":0" /> and struggled to build a state-funded welfare system to help overwhelmed private charities. He reorganized state government, greatly enlarging his executive powers, introduced state income tax and ended [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. On several occasions, he declared [[martial law]] to put an end to worker strikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |title=Paul V. McNutt |publisher=County History Preservation Society |last=Branson |first=Ronald |access-date=July 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204172820/http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>

[[World War II]] helped lift Indiana's economy, as the war required steel, food and other goods the state produced.<ref name="TO">Pell, p. 31.</ref> Roughly 10% of Indiana's population joined the armed forces, while hundreds of industries earned war production contracts and began making war material.<ref>Gray 1995, p. 350.</ref> Indiana manufactured 4.5% of total U.S. military armaments during World War{{spaces}}II, ranking eighth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> The expansion of industry to meet war demands helped end the Great Depression.<ref name="TO" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madison |first=James |date=2020 |title=Hoosiers at War: An Overview of Indiana during World War II |url=https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/explore-indiana-history-by-topic/hoosiers-at-war-an-overview-of-indiana-during-world-war-ii/ |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=IHB |language=en}}</ref>

===Post World War II===

With economic recovery, the Republican supremacy in the state was restored.<ref>Leip, David. "[https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=18&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Indiana]". US Election Atlas. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</ref> Manufacturers became the primary employers, a trend that continued into the 1960s. [[Urbanization]] during the 1950s and 1960s led to substantial growth in the state's cities. The auto, steel and pharmaceutical industries topped Indiana's major businesses. Indiana's population continued to grow after the war, exceeding five million by the 1970 census.<ref>{{cite book|title=Economic Geography|author-last1=Haynes|author-first1= Kingsley E. |author-last2=Machunda|author-first2= Zachary B|year=1987|pages =319–333}}</ref>

In the early 1960s, Democrats briefly returned to state office, and under the administration of [[Matthew E. Welsh]] the state adopted its first sales tax of 2%.<ref>Gray 1995, p. 382.</ref> Indiana schools were [[desegregated]] in 1949. In 1950, the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] reported Indiana's population as 95.5% white and 4.4% black.<ref name=USCB>{{cite web|title=Indiana – Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |access-date=December 28, 2012 }}</ref> Governor Welsh also worked with the General Assembly to pass the Indiana [[Civil Rights]] Bill, granting equal protection to minorities in seeking employment.<ref>Gray 1995, pp. 391–392.</ref>

The [[1973 oil crisis]] created a recession that hurt the automotive industry in Indiana. Companies began a long series of downsizing that contributed to high unemployment rates in long-established manufacturing centers like [[Anderson, Indiana|Anderson]], [[Muncie, Indiana|Muncie]], and [[Kokomo, Indiana|Kokomo]]. The trend continued until the 1980s when the national and state economy began to diversify from heavy industry toward services and high-tech manufacturing, and to recover.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1992/02/art2full.pdf|title=Auto industry jobs in the 1980s: a decade of transition|last=Singleton|first=Christopher J.|publisher=United States Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[1980s farm crisis|farm crisis of the 1980s]] accelerated [[rural flight]] and farm consolidation,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Riney-Kehrberg |first=Pamela |date=November 23, 2020 |title=The Farm Crisis of the 1980s |url=https://indianahumanities.org/2020/11/23/the-farm-crisis-of-the-1980s/ |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=Indiana Humanities |language=en-US}}</ref> a trend that has resumed in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Matt |date=May 16, 2014 |title=Census: Fewer But Larger Indiana Farms; Farm Operators Aging |url=https://www.croplife.com/crop-inputs/census-fewer-but-larger-indiana-farms-farm-operators-aging/ |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=CropLife |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Waldorf |first1=Brigitte |last2=Lee |first2=Tani |date=2009 |title=Indiana in the 21st Century: Urban Growth and Rural Depopulation |url=https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/home/paer-article/indiana-in-the-21st-century-urban-growth-and-rural-depopulation/ |access-date=October 16, 2025 |website=Center for Commercial Agriculture |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
On March 6, 2020, following the first confirmed case of [[COVID-19]] in the state, Governor [[Eric Holcomb]] and state health officials declared a public health emergency. After a period in which there were a number of [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]]-related restrictions and advisories, and sharp job cuts,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Ping |last2=Rogers |first2=Carol |title=Indiana industry: On the rebound or permanent shifts? |url=https://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2022/spring/article1.html |journal=Indiana Business Review |volume=97 |issue=1}}</ref> Holcomb signed a bill to end the emergency on March 3, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Andrew |date=March 11, 2022 |title=2 years of COVID-19: Some of the moments that defined the pandemic in Indiana |url=https://www.wrtv.com/news/coronavirus/2-years-of-covid-19-some-of-the-moments-that-defined-the-pandemic-in-indiana |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=WRTV Indianapolis |language=en}}</ref>

At that point, employment had already recovered,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montenovo |first=Laura |date=July 9, 2024 |title=Indiana Labor Market Trends Pre- and Post-COVID-19 |url=https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/home/paer-article/indiana-labor-market-trends-pre-and-post-covid-19/ |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=Center for Commercial Agriculture |language=en-US}}</ref> but in comparative terms state appeared, post-COVID, to face greater challenges. In 2025 Indiana's economy (the state's business environment, labor market and overall economic growth) ranked 40th in the first [[U.S. News & World Report|U.S. News & World]] Report's annual report on how well all 50 states in the United States serve citizens,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=U.S. News and World Report, Best State Rankings 2025 |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings/opportunity}}</ref> down from 25th in 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2018 |title=Best States 2018 |url=https://www.usnews.com/media/best-states/overall-rankings-2018.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2025 |work=U.S. News & World Report: Ranking Performance Throughout All 50 States}}</ref>

Indiana's highest ranking on the 2025 “scorecard” was 16th in the opportunity category. It was 30th in economic opportunity, and 39th in equality, but benefitted from being 18th in affordability (by comparison New Hampshire, which was 1st in economic opportunity and 3rd in equality, was 42nd in affordability).<ref name=":4" /> Its lowest score was for pollution and natural environment, with Indiana ranking worst among the 50 states.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brock |first=Corryn |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Indiana ranked worst state for pollution, natural environment by U.S. News & World Report |url=https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/08/07/indiana-ranked-worst-state-pollution-by-us-news-world-report/ |access-date=October 16, 2025 |website=www.21alivenews.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==

{{Main|Geography of Indiana}}

[[File:Map of Indiana NA.png|thumb]]

With a total area (land and water) of {{convert|36418|sqmi|km2}}, Indiana ranks as the 38th largest state in size.<ref name="NatAtlasProfile">{{cite web|title=Profile of the People and Land of the United States|publisher=[[National Atlas of the United States]]|url=http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_general.html|access-date=August 17, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915153709/http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_general.html|archive-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> The state has a maximum dimension north to south of {{convert|250|mi|km}} and a maximum east to west dimension of {{convert|145|mi|km}}.<ref>Moore, p. 11.</ref> The state's geographic center (39° 53.7'N, 86° 16.0W) is in [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]].<ref name=Netstate/>

Located in the [[Midwestern United States]], Indiana is one of eight states that make up the [[Great Lakes region (North America)|Great Lakes Region]].<ref>{{cite web|title =NOAA's Great Lakes Region|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|date=April 25, 2007|url=http://www.regions.noaa.gov/great-lakes/|access-date=September 29, 2009}}</ref> Indiana is bordered on the north by [[Michigan]], on the east by [[Ohio]], and on the west by [[Illinois]], partially separated by the [[Wabash River]].<ref name="FW"/> [[Lake Michigan]] borders Indiana on the northwest and the [[Ohio River]] separates Indiana from [[Kentucky]] on the south.<ref name=Netstate>{{cite web|title=The Geography of Indiana|publisher=Netstate|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/in_geography.htm|access-date=August 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Meredith|first=Robyn|title=Big-Shouldered River Swamps Indiana Town|work=The New York Times|date=March 7, 1997|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/07/us/big-shouldered-river-swamps-indiana-town.html|access-date=August 19, 2009}}</ref>

===Geology and terrain===

{{See also|Paleontology in Indiana|List of ecoregions in Indiana|List of wildflowers in Indiana}}
[[File:HickoryRidgeTower-NW.jpg|thumb|Rolling hills in the [[Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area]] of [[Hoosier National Forest]], in the [[Indiana Uplands]]]]

The average altitude of Indiana is about {{convert|760|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref>Logan, Cumings, Malott, Visher, Tucker & Reeves, p. 82</ref> The highest point in the state is [[Hoosier Hill]] in [[Wayne County, Indiana|Wayne County]] at {{convert|1257|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref name=NatAtlasProfile/><ref>Pell, p. 56.</ref> The lowest point at {{convert|320|ft|m}} above sea level is in [[Posey County, Indiana|Posey County]], where the [[Wabash River]] meets the [[Ohio River]].<ref name= NatAtlasProfile/><ref name=Netstate/> The resulting [[List of U.S. states and territories by elevation|elevation span]], {{convert|937|ft|m}}, is the narrowest of any non-coastal U.S. state. Only {{convert|2850|sqmi|km2}} have an altitude greater than {{convert|1000|ft|m}} and this area is enclosed within 14 counties. About {{convert|4700|sqmi|km2}} have an elevation of less than {{convert|500|ft|m}}, mostly concentrated along the Ohio and lower Wabash Valleys, from [[Tell City, Indiana|Tell City]] and [[Terre Haute, Indiana|Terre Haute]] to [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] and [[Mount Vernon, Indiana|Mount Vernon]].<ref>Moore, p. 13.</ref>

The state includes two natural regions of the United States: the Central Lowlands and the [[Interior Low Plateaus]].<ref>Logan, Cumings, Malott, Visher, Tucker & Reeves, p. 70</ref>
The [[till plain]]s make up the northern and central regions of Indiana. Much of its appearance is a result of elements left behind by [[glacier]]s. Central Indiana is mainly flat with some low rolling hills (except where rivers cut deep valleys through the plain, like at the Wabash River and Sugar Creek) and soil composed of glacial sands, gravel and clay, which results in exceptional farmland.<ref name="FW"/> Northern Indiana is similar, except for the presence of higher and hillier [[terminal moraine]]s and hundreds of [[kettle lake]]s. In [[northwest Indiana]] there are various sand ridges and dunes, some reaching nearly 200 feet in height; most of them are at [[Indiana Dunes National Park]]. These are along the Lake Michigan shoreline and also inland to the [[Kankakee Outwash Plain]].

Southern Indiana is characterized by valleys and rugged, hilly terrain, contrasting with much of the state. Here, bedrock is exposed at the surface. Because of the prevalent [[Indiana limestone]], the area has many caves, caverns, and quarries.

===Hydrology===

{{See also|List of Indiana rivers|List of dams and reservoirs in Indiana|List of lakes in Indiana|Watersheds of Indiana}}
[[File:Floods Recede around the Wabash-Ohio Confluence.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Wabash River]] converges with the [[Ohio River]] at [[Posey County, Indiana|Posey County]]. The southernmost point in Indiana is located at Uniontown Bend 4.6 miles upstream of the confluence, south of [[Hovey Lake]] (near the center of the photograph)]]

Major river systems in Indiana include the Whitewater, White, Blue, Wabash, St. Joseph, and Maumee rivers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Indiana Geology|last=Logan|first=William N.|author-first2=Edgar Roscoe |author-last2=Cumings|author-first3=Clyde Arnett |author-last3=Malott|author-first4=Stephen Sargent |author-last4=Visher|year=1922|publisher=Indiana Department of Conservation|page=257|display-authors=etal}}</ref> According to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, as of 2007, there were 65 rivers, streams, and creeks of environmental interest or scenic beauty, which included only a portion of an estimated 24,000 total river miles within the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information Bulletin #4 (Second Amendment), Outstanding Rivers List for Indiana|publisher=Natural Resources Commission|date=May 30, 2007|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/register/20070530-IR-312070287NRA.xml.pdf|access-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref>

The [[Wabash River]], which is the longest free-flowing river east of the [[Mississippi River]], is the official river of Indiana.<ref>{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Boyce|title=Terre Haute's Top 40: From a trickle in Ohio to the Valley's signature waterway, the Wabash River is forever a part of Terre Haute|work=Tribune-Star|date=August 29, 2009|access-date=September 24, 2009|url=http://www.tribstar.com/local/x46868269/Terre-Hautes-Top-40-From-a-trickle-in-Ohio-to-the-Valley-s-signature-waterway-the-Wabash-River-is-forever-a-part-of-Terre-Haute}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jerse|first=Dorothy|title=Looking Back: Gov. Bayh signs bill making Wabash the official state river in 1996|website=Tribune-Star|date=March 4, 2006|url=http://www.tribstar.com/history/x681765834/Looking-Back-Gov-Bayh-signs-bill-making-Wabash-the-official-state-river-in-1996|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140504130549/http://www.tribstar.com/history/x681765834/Looking-Back-Gov-Bayh-signs-bill-making-Wabash-the-official-state-river-in-1996|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 4, 2014|access-date=September 7, 2009}}</ref> At {{convert|475|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in length, the river bisects the state from northeast to southwest, forming part of the state's border with Illinois, before converging with the [[Ohio River]]. The river has been the subject of several songs, such as "[[On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away]]", "[[Wabash Cannonball]]", and "[[Back Home Again in Indiana]]".<ref>{{cite news|first=Cynthia|last=Ozick|title=Miracle on Grub street; Stockholm|work=The New York Times|date=November 9, 1986}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Hans|last=Fantel|title=Sound; CDs make their mark on the Wabash Valley|work=The New York Times|date=October 14, 1984}}</ref>

There are about 900 lakes listed by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.<ref>{{cite web|title=INDIANA LAKES LISTING|url=http://www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/Indiana_Lakes_Listing_By_County_March_2007.pdf|access-date=January 26, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042424/http://www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/Indiana_Lakes_Listing_By_County_March_2007.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> To the northwest, Indiana borders [[Lake Michigan]], one of five lakes comprising the [[Great Lakes]], the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world. [[Tippecanoe Lake]], the deepest lake in the state, reaches depths at nearly {{convert|120|ft|m}}, while [[Lake Wawasee]] is the largest natural lake in Indiana.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leider |first=Polly |title=A Town With Backbone: Warsaw, Ind |publisher=CBS News |date=January 26, 2006 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/a-town-with-backbone-warsaw-ind/ |access-date=September 29, 2009}}</ref> At 10,750 acres (summer pool level), [[Monroe Lake]] is the largest lake in Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianastateparks.reserveamerica.com/camping/monroe-lake/r/campgroundDetails.do?contractCode=IN&parkId=570050|title=Monroe Lake, IN - Indiana Department of Natural Resources|accessdate=October 25, 2022}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{further|Climate change in Indiana}}
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Indiana.png|thumb|284x284px|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Indiana, using 1991–2020 [[Climatological normal|climate normals]]]]
In the past, almost all of Indiana had a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Dfa]]), with cold winters and hot, wet summers;<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/mentorsforexpats/4211551/Life-in-Indiana---Telegraph-Mentor.html] {{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> only the extreme southern portion of the state lay within the [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfa]]), which receives more precipitation than other parts of Indiana.<ref name="FW">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Indiana |encyclopedia=Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Funk & Wagnalls]]}}</ref> But as of the 2016 update, about half the state is now classified as humid subtropical. Temperatures generally diverge from the north and south sections of the state. In midwinter, average high/low temperatures range from around 30{{spaces}}°F/15{{spaces}}°F (−1{{spaces}}°C/−10{{spaces}}°C) in the far north to 41{{spaces}}°F/24{{spaces}}°F (5{{spaces}}°C/−4{{spaces}}°C) in the far south.<ref name="weather.gov">{{cite web |title=NWS Climate Data |publisher=NWS |url=http://www.weather.gov/climate/ |access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref>

In midsummer there is generally a little less variation across the state, as average high/low temperatures range from around 84{{spaces}}°F/64{{spaces}}°F (29{{spaces}}°C/18{{spaces}}°C) in the far north to 90{{spaces}}°F/69{{spaces}}°F (32{{spaces}}°C/21{{spaces}}°C) in the far south.<ref name="weather.gov"/> Indiana's record high temperature was 116{{spaces}}°F (47{{spaces}}°C) set on July 14, 1936, at [[Collegeville, Indiana|Collegeville]]. The record low was −36{{spaces}}°F (−38{{spaces}}°C) on [[1994 North American cold wave|January 19, 1994]] at [[New Whiteland, Indiana|New Whiteland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stacker.com/indiana/see-most-extreme-temperatures-indiana-history|title=See the Most Extreme Temperatures in Indiana History|accessdate=November 10, 2022}}</ref> The [[growing season]] typically spans from 155 days in the north to 185 days in the south.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

While droughts occasionally occur in the state, rainfall totals are distributed relatively equally throughout the year. Precipitation totals range from {{convert|35|in|cm}} near Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana to {{convert|45|in|cm}} along the Ohio River in the south, while the state's average is {{convert|40|in|cm}}. Annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, ranging from {{convert|80|in|cm}} in the northwest along Lake Michigan to {{convert|14|in|cm}} in the far south. [[Lake effect snow]] accounts for roughly half the snowfall in northwest and north central Indiana due to the effects of the moisture and relative warmth of Lake Michigan upwind. The mean wind speed is {{convert|8|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana – Climate |publisher=City-Data.com |url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Indiana-Climate.html |access-date=July 4, 2009}}</ref>

In a 2012 report, Indiana was ranked eighth in a list of the top 20 tornado-prone states based on [[National Weather Service]] data from 1950 through 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Mississippi Remains #1 Among Top Twenty Tornado-Prone States |publisher=mindspring.com |date=April 12, 2012 |url=http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084151/http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> A 2011 report ranked [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 15th among the top 20 tornado-prone U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web|author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Six States Contain Twelve of the Top Twenty Tornado-Prone Cities (revised version) |publisher=mindspring.com |date=October 28, 2011 |url=http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084146/http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> while another report from 2011 ranked [[Indianapolis]] eighth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kellogg |first=Becky |title=Tornado Expert Ranks Top Tornado Cities |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=March 8, 2011 |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108002946/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |archive-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>{{efn|In a 2008 report, Indiana was listed as one of the most tornado-prone states, ranking sixth, while South Bend was ranked the 14th most tornado-prone U.S. city, ahead of cities such as [[Houston]], Texas, and [[Wichita, Kansas]]. See {{cite web |last=Mecklenburg |first=Rick |title=Is Indiana the new Tornado Alley? |publisher=SouthBendTribune.com |date=May 1, 2008 |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |access-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084147/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}}}{{efn|In a published list of the most tornado-prone states and cities in April 2008, Indiana came in first and South Bend ranked 16th. See {{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}}}Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not part of [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Average precipitation in Indiana<ref name="Indiana Climate Norms">{{cite web |url=http://www.agry.purdue.edu/climate/facts.aspgif |publisher=Indiana State Climate Office |title=Climate Facts |access-date=May 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609122559/http://www.agry.purdue.edu/climate/facts.aspgif |archive-date=June 9, 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Jan
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Feb
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Mar
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Apr
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| May
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Jun
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Jul
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Aug
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Sep
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Oct
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Nov
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Dec
! style="background:#efefef; color:#000;"| Annum
|-
| 2.48
| 2.27
| 3.36
| 3.89
| 4.46
| 4.19
| 4.22
| 3.91
| 3.12
| 3.02
| 3.44
| 3.13
|41.49
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Indiana<ref name="Indiana climate averages">{{cite web |title=Indiana climate averages |url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=IN&statename=Indiana-United-States-of-America |access-date=November 12, 2015 |publisher=Weatherbase}}</ref>
|-
!Location
!July (°F)
!July (°C)
!January (°F)
!January (°C)
|-
|[[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]] || 85/66 || 29/19 || 35/20 || 2/−6
|-
|[[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] || 84/62 || 29/17 || 32/17 || 0/−8
|-
|[[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] || 88/67 || 31/19 || 41/24 || 5/−4
|-
|[[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] || 83/63 || 28/17 || 32/18 || 0/−8
|-
|[[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]] || 87/65 || 30/18 || 39/21 || 4/−6
|-
|[[Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette]] || 84/62 || 29/17 || 31/14 || 0/−10
|-
|[[Muncie, Indiana|Muncie]] || 85/64 || 29/18 || 34/19 || 1/−7
|}

===Time zones===

{{Main|Time in Indiana}}

Indiana is one of 13 U.S. states that are divided into more than one time zone. Indiana's [[time zone]]s have fluctuated over the past century. At present, most of the state observes [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]]; six counties near Chicago and six near Evansville observe [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central Time]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timetemperature.com/tzus/indiana_time_zone.shtml|title=Indiana Time Zone|website=www.timetemperature.com}}</ref> Debate continues on the matter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/usa/indiana|title=Time Zones in Indiana, United States|website=www.timeanddate.com}}</ref>

Before 2006, most of Indiana did not observe [[daylight saving time]] (DST). Some counties within this area, particularly [[Floyd County, Indiana|Floyd]], [[Clark County, Indiana|Clark]], and [[Harrison County, Indiana|Harrison]] counties near [[Louisville, Kentucky]], and [[Ohio County, Indiana|Ohio]] and [[Dearborn County, Indiana|Dearborn]] counties near [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, unofficially observed DST by local custom. Since April 2006 the entire state observes DST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/usa/indiana|title=Daylight Saving Time 2022 in Indiana, United States|accessdate=November 11, 2022}}</ref>

=== Indiana counties and statistical areas ===
{{See also|List of counties in Indiana|Indiana statistical areas}}

Indiana is divided into 92 [[List of counties in Indiana|counties]]. {{as of|2010}}, the state includes 16 [[metropolitan statistical area|metropolitan]] and 25 [[micropolitan statistical area]]s, 117 incorporated cities, 450 towns, and several other smaller divisions and statistical areas.<ref name=GeoCensus/>{{efn|A 2008 news report indicated there were 13 metropolitan areas in Indiana. See {{cite web| last =Dresang| first =Joel| title =Automaking down, unemployment up|website=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]| date =July 30, 2008| url =http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/business/52021282.html| access-date =August 14, 2009 }}}} [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]] and Indianapolis have a [[Unigov|consolidated city-county government]] known as Unigov in Indiana state law.<ref name=GeoCensus/>

==== Major cities ====
{{See also|List of municipalities in Indiana}}

Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana and its largest city.<ref name=GeoCensus>{{cite web|title=Guide to 2010 Census State and Local Geography – Indiana | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | date =April 21, 2014 | url=https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/guidestloc/st18_in.html | access-date=August 13, 2012}}</ref>{{efn|Indiana's territorial capitals were [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] and later [[Corydon, Indiana|Corydon]], which also became Indiana's first [[list of current and former capital cities within U.S. states|state capital]] when it became a state.}} Indiana's four largest metropolitan areas are [[Indianapolis]], [[Fort Wayne]], [[Evansville]], and [[South Bend]].<ref name=STATSIN>{{cite web|title=Indiana | publisher = Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business | url = http://www.stats.indiana.edu/profiles/profiles.asp?scope_choice=a&county_changer=18000&button1=Get+Profile&id=2&page_path=Area+Profiles&path_id=11&panel_number=1 | access-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> The table below lists the state's twenty largest municipalities based on the 2020 United States census.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.indiana.edu/index.asp|title=Census in Indiana|website=www.census.indiana.edu}}</ref>

{{Largest cities
| country = Indiana
| stat_ref = Source: 2020 United States census<ref name="auto"/>
| list_by_pop =
| div_name =
| div_link = Counties of Indiana{{!}}County
| city_1 = Indianapolis, Indiana{{!}}Indianapolis
| div_1 = Marion County, Indiana{{!}}Marion
| pop_1 = 887,642
| city_2 = Fort Wayne, Indiana{{!}}Fort Wayne
| div_2 = Allen County, Indiana{{!}}Allen
| pop_2 = 263,886
| city_3 = Evansville, Indiana{{!}}Evansville
| div_3 = Vanderburgh County, Indiana{{!}}Vanderburgh
| pop_3 = 117,298
| city_4 = South Bend, Indiana{{!}}South Bend
| div_4 = St. Joseph County, Indiana{{!}}St. Joseph
| pop_4 = 103,453
| city_5 = Carmel, Indiana{{!}}Carmel
| div_5 = Hamilton County, Indiana{{!}}Hamilton
| pop_5 = 99,757
| city_6 = Fishers, Indiana{{!}}Fishers
| div_6 = Hamilton County, Indiana{{!}}Hamilton
| pop_6 = 98,977
| city_7 = Bloomington, Indiana{{!}}Bloomington
| div_7 = Monroe County, Indiana{{!}}Monroe
| pop_7 = 79,168
| city_8 = Hammond, Indiana{{!}}Hammond
| div_8 = Lake County, Indiana{{!}}Lake
| pop_8 = 77,879
| city_9 = Lafayette, Indiana{{!}}Lafayette
| div_9 = Tippecanoe County, Indiana{{!}}Tippecanoe
| pop_9 = 70,783
| city_10 = Noblesville, Indiana{{!}}Noblesville
| div_10 = Hamilton County, Indiana{{!}}Hamilton
| pop_10 = 69,604
| city_11 = Gary, Indiana{{!}}Gary
| div_11 = Lake County, Indiana{{!}}Lake
| pop_11 = 69,093
| city_12 = Muncie, Indiana{{!}}Muncie
| div_12 = Delaware County, Indiana{{!}}Delaware
| pop_12 = 65,194
| city_13 = Greenwood, Indiana{{!}}Greenwood
| div_13 = Johnson County, Indiana{{!}}Johnson
| pop_13 = 63,830
| city_14 = Kokomo, Indiana{{!}}Kokomo
| div_14 = Howard County, Indiana{{!}}Howard
| pop_14 = 59,604
| city_15 = Terre Haute, Indiana{{!}}Terre Haute
| div_15 = Vigo County, Indiana{{!}}Vigo
| pop_15 = 58,389
| city_16 = Anderson, Indiana{{!}}Anderson
| div_16 = Madison County, Indiana{{!}}Madison
| pop_16 = 54,788
| city_17 = Elkhart, Indiana{{!}}Elkhart
| div_17 = Elkhart County, Indiana{{!}}Elkhart
| pop_17 = 53,923
| city_18 = Mishawaka, Indiana{{!}}Mishawaka
| div_18 = St. Joseph County, Indiana{{!}}St. Joseph
| pop_18 = 51,063
| city_19 = Columbus, Indiana{{!}}Columbus
| div_19 = Bartholomew County, Indiana{{!}}Bartholomew
| pop_19 = 50,474
| city_20 = Jeffersonville, Indiana{{!}}Jeffersonville
| div_20 = Clark County, Indiana{{!}}Clark
| pop_20 = 49,447
}}

==Demographics==
===Population===

{{US Census population
| 1800 = 2632
| 1810 = 24520
| 1820 = 147178
| 1830 = 343031
| 1840 = 685866
| 1850 = 988416
| 1860 = 1350428
| 1870 = 1680637
| 1880 = 1978301
| 1890 = 2192404
| 1900 = 2516462
| 1910 = 2700876
| 1920 = 2930390
| 1930 = 3238503
| 1940 = 3427796
| 1950 = 3934224
| 1960 = 4662498
| 1970 = 5193669
| 1980 = 5490224
| 1990 = 5544159
| 2000 = 6080485
| 2010 = 6483802
| 2020 = 6785528
| estyear = 2025
| estimate = 6973333
| estref = <ref name="QuickFacts" />
| align-fn = center
| footnote = Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
[[File:Indiana population pyramid.webp|thumb|Indiana [[population pyramid]]]]
Indiana recorded a population of 6,785,528 in the [[2020 United States census]], a 4.65% increase since the [[2010 United States census]].<ref name="2020 U.S. Census">{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table02.pdf |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |author=Resident Population Data |title=Resident Population Data – 2020 Census}}</ref>

The state's population density was 181.0 persons per square mile, the 16th-highest in the United States.<ref name="GeoCensus"/> As of the 2010 U.S. census, Indiana's population center was northwest of Sheridan, in [[Hamilton County, Indiana|Hamilton County]] (+40.149246, −086.259514).<ref name=GeoCensus/><ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Census Centers of Population by state |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |access-date=August 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429025307/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |archive-date=April 29, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|Over the previous decade, Indiana's population center has shifted slightly to the northwest. In the 2000 U.S. Census, Indiana's [[center of population]] was located in [[Hamilton County, Indiana|Hamilton County]], in the town of [[Sheridan, Indiana|Sheridan]]. See {{cite web |title=Population and Population Centers by State |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |access-date=November 21, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508041813/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=May 8, 2013}}}}

In 2005, 77.7% of Indiana residents lived in metropolitan counties, 16.5% lived in micropolitan counties and 5.9% lived in non-core counties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metro and Nonmetro Counties in Indiana |publisher=Rural Policy Research Institute |url=http://www.rupri.org/Forms/Indiana.pdf |access-date=October 10, 2009 |archive-date=March 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304144932/http://www.rupri.org/Forms/Indiana.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 5,449 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf|publisher=Department of Housing and Urban Development}}</ref>

In 2018, the top countries of origin for Indiana's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[India]], [[China]], [[Myanmar]], and the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_indiana.pdf|title=Immigrants in Indiana}}</ref> The city of Fort Wayne in particular is home to one of the largest communities of Burmese immigrants in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncesc.com/geographic-faq/where-do-most-burmese-live-in-usa/|title=Where do most Burmese live in USA?|date=June 26, 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119110709/https://www.ncesc.com/geographic-faq/where-do-most-burmese-live-in-usa/|archive-date=19 January 2025|author-first1=Janette|author-last1=Winn|website=NCESC}}</ref>

===Ancestry===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Indiana.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Indiana]]
{| font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census
|author= |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|75.5|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|79.1|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|9.4|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|10.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|8.2|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|2.5|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|3.1|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.2|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.6|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.04|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.2|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Indiana – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Indiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?q=P004:+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO,+AND+NOT+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+BY+RACE+[73]&g=040XX00US18|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Indiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US18|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Indiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US18|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|5,219,373
|5,286,453
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,121,004
|85.84%
|81.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |75.47%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|505,462
|582,140
|style='background: #ffffe6; |637,500
|8.31%
|8.98%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |9.40%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|13,654
|14,165
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,938
|0.22%
|0.22%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.19%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|58,424
|101,444
|style='background: #ffffe6; |166,651
|0.96%
|1.56%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.46%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|1,573
|1,853
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,761
|0.03%
|0.03%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.04%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|6,348
|8,675
|style='background: #ffffe6; |25,139
|0.10%
|0.13%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.37%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|61,115
|99,365
|style='background: #ffffe6; |265,344
|1.01%
|1.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.91%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|214,536
|389,707
|style='background: #ffffe6; |554,191
|3.53%
|6.01%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.17%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''6,080,485'''
|'''6,483,802'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''6,785,528'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Indiana racial breakdown of population'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1990<ref name=USCB/> !! 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://censusviewer.com/state/IN |title=Population of Indiana – Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts – CensusViewer |website=censusviewer.com |access-date=September 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817204641/http://censusviewer.com/state/IN |url-status=usurped }}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html|title=2010 Census Data |website=census.gov |access-date=February 24, 2015}}</ref>!! 2020<ref name="2020DP1">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US18 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Indiana |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White]] || 90.6% || 87.5% || 84.3% || 77.2%
|-
| [[African American|Black]] || 7.8% || 8.4% || 9.1% || 9.6%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.7% || 1.0% || 1.6% || 2.5%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.2% || 0.3% || 0.3% || 0.4%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiian]] and{{break}}[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.7% || 1.6% || 2.7% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || – || 1.2% || 2.0% || 6.4%
|}

[[German-American|German]] is the largest ancestry reported in Indiana, with 18.8% of the population reporting that ancestry in the census. Persons listing themselves as [[American ancestry|American]] (7.2%) and those of [[English-American|English]] ancestry (11.1%) are also numerous, as are [[Irish American|Irish]] (9.8%) and [[Poland|Polish]] (2.6%).<ref name=Germanic/> Most of those citing American ancestry are actually of European descent, including many of [[English-American|English]] descent, but have family that has been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early [[British America|colonial era]], that they identify simply as American.<ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books|SVoAXh-dNuYC|page=PA57|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |title=Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America |first=Dominic J. |last=Pulera |year=2004 |location=New York |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-0-8264-1643-8 |page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Reynolds |last=Farley |title=The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us? |journal=Demography |volume=28 |issue=3 |year=1991 |pages=411–429 |doi=10.2307/2061465 |pmid=1936376 |jstor=2061465|s2cid=41503995 |doi-access=free |issn=0070-3370 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1-link=Stanley Lieberson |first1=Stanley |last1=Lieberson |first2=Lawrence |last2=Santi |title=The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns |journal=Social Science Research |volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1985 |pages=31–56 [pp. 44–46] |doi=10.1016/0049-089X(85)90011-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author2-link=Mary C. Waters |first1=Stanley |last1=Lieberson |first2=Mary C. |last2=Waters |title=Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites |journal=Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume=487 |issue=79 |year=1986 |pages=79–91 [pp. 82–86] |doi=10.1177/0002716286487001004|s2cid=60711423 |url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33439196 }}</ref> In the 1980 census 1,776,144 people claimed German ancestry, 1,356,135 claimed English ancestry and 1,017,944 claimed Irish ancestry out of a total population of 4,241,975 making the state 42% German, 32% English and 24% Irish.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |title=Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 – Table 3 |access-date=December 10, 2011}}</ref>

The state is home to a growing Hispanic population, making up 7.8% of the total population. The largest Hispanic ancestry in the state is Mexican (5.3%), making up a large majority of the Hispanic population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03001&geo_ids=04000US18&primary_geo_id=04000US18 |access-date=July 2, 2024 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

The majority (62%) of the state's [[African Americans|African American]] population is concentrated in Marion and Lake counties, in and around the cities of [[Indianapolis]] and [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]].<ref>[https://www.incontext.indiana.edu/2013/may-jun/article3.asp Exploring Hoosier Minority Groups: Indiana's Black Population]</ref>

===Population growth===
[[File:Indiana population density 2020.png|thumb|Population density in Indiana as of the 2020 U.S. census]]
[[File:Indiana counties by race.svg|thumb|Map of counties in Indiana by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-end}}|266x266px]]

Population growth since 1990 has been concentrated in the counties surrounding Indianapolis, with four of the five fastest-growing counties in that area: [[Hamilton County, Indiana|Hamilton]], [[Hendricks County, Indiana|Hendricks]], [[Johnson County, Indiana|Johnson]], and [[Hancock County, Indiana|Hancock]]. The other county is [[Dearborn County, Indiana|Dearborn County]], which is near [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. Hamilton County has also grown faster than any county in the states bordering Indiana ([[Illinois]], [[Michigan]], [[Ohio]] and [[Kentucky]]), and is the 20th-fastest growing county in the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rainey |first=Joan P |title=Hamilton and Other Suburban Counties Lead the State in Population Growth |publisher=Indiana University |year=2000 |url=http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2000/summer00/01.pdf |access-date=October 17, 2009}}</ref>

With a population of 887,642, [[Indianapolis]] is the largest city in Indiana and the 15th-largest in the United States, according to the 2020 census. Three other cities in Indiana have a population greater than 100,000: [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] (253,617), [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] (117,429) and [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] (101,168).<ref>{{cite web |title=IU Kelley School: Indiana's largest cities continue to see strong population growth |url=http://news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2015/05/indiana-city-populations-2014.shtml |website=IU Newsroom |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222225907/http://news.iu.edu/releases/iu/2015/05/indiana-city-populations-2014.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2000, [[Fishers, Indiana|Fishers]] has seen the largest population rise amongst the state's twenty largest cities with an increase of 100%.<ref name="Nevers">{{cite web |last=Nevers |first=Kevin |title=Duneland population growth rate slows a bit in 2007 Census estimates |website=[[Chesterton Tribune]] |date=July 11, 2008 |url=http://chestertontribune.com/Duneland%20Community%20News/7112%20duneland_population_growth_rate.htm |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-date=August 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816211454/http://www.chestertontribune.com/Duneland%20Community%20News/7112%20duneland_population_growth_rate.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other cities that have seen extensive growth since 2000 are [[Greenwood, Indiana|Greenwood]] (81%), [[Noblesville, Indiana|Noblesville]] (39.4%), [[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]] (21.4%), [[Columbus, Indiana|Columbus]]<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref> (12.8%) and [[Lawrence, Indiana|Lawrence]] (9.3%).

[[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] and [[Hammond, Indiana|Hammond]] have had the largest population declines regarding the 20 largest cities since 2000, with a decrease of 21.0% and 6.8% respectively.<ref name="Nevers"/> [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] (−4.2%), [[Anderson, Indiana|Anderson]] (−4.0%) and [[Muncie, Indiana|Muncie]] (−3.9%) have also had declines.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Indiana sees big gains in population among certain cities and towns |publisher=Indiana University |date=July 10, 2008 |url=http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/8512.html |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-date=September 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910083421/http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/8512.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Indianapolis has the largest population of the state's [[metropolitan area]]s and the [[Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|33rd-largest]] in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas |publisher=[[United States Census]] |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2007/CBSA-EST2007-01.csv |access-date=August 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100709020951/http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2007/CBSA-EST2007-01.csv |archive-date=July 9, 2010}}</ref> The [[Indianapolis metropolitan area]] encompasses [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]] and nine surrounding counties in central Indiana.

''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|+ Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 2, 2017}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2014|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 2, 2017}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2015|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 2, 2017}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2016|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2017|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref>
! 2018<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>
! 2019<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref>
! 2020<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 21, 2022}}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 2, 2022}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>
! 2023<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr74/nvsr74-1.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 11, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
| 63,820 (76.8%)
| 64,076 (76.2%)
| 63,472 (75.5%)
| 62,039 (74.7%)
| 60,515 (73.6%)
| 59,520 (72.9%)
| 58,211 (72.0%)
| 56,290 (71.6%)
| 56,839 (71.1%)
| 55,178 (69.3%)
| 53,866 (68.2%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 10,445 (12.6%)
| 10,666 (12.7%)
| 10,656 (12.7%)
| 9,768 (11.8%)
| 9,971 (12.1%)
| 10,242 (12.5%)
| 10,249 (12.7%)
| 9,848 (12.5%)
| 9,991 (12.5%)
| 10,119 (12.7%)
| 10,035 (12.7%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 2,364 (2.8%)
| 2,322 (2.8%)
| 2,523 (3.0%)
| 2,426 (2.9%)
| 2,535 (3.1%)
| 2,382 (2.9%)
| 2,285 (2.8%)
| 2,335 (3.0%)
| 2,295 (2.9%)
| 2,458 (3.1%)
| 2,433 (3.1%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 127 (0.1%)
| 125 (0.1%)
| 120 (0.1%)
| 85 (0.1%)
| 124 (0.2%)
| 132 (0.2%)
| 117 (0.1%)
| 56 (>0.1%)
| 76 (>0.1%)
| 50 (>0.1%)
| 68 (>0.1%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (any race)
| ''6,837'' (8.2%)
| ''7,239'' (8.6%)
| ''7,634'' (9.1%)
| ''7,442'' (8.9%)
| ''7,669'' (9.3%)
| ''7,867'' (9.6%)
| ''8,420'' (10.4%)
| ''8,480'' (10.8%)
| ''8,826'' (11.0%)
| ''9,939'' (12.5%)
| ''10,586'' (13.4%)
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''83,102''' (100%)
| '''84,080''' (100%)
| '''84,040''' (100%)
| '''83,091''' (100%)
| '''82,170''' (100%)
| '''81,646''' (100%)
| '''80,859''' (100%)
| '''78,616''' (100%)
| '''79,946''' (100%)
| '''79,649''' (100%)
| '''79,000''' (100%)
|}

* Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Based on population estimates for 2011, 6.6% of the state's population is under the age of five, 24.5% is under the age of 18, and 13.2% is 65 years of age or older. From the 2010 U.S. census demographic data for Indiana, the median age is 37.<ref name=AmFacts>{{cite web|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010; 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1) for Indiana |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18000.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423094054/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18000.html |archive-date=April 23, 2012 }}</ref>

===Median income===

{{See also|Indiana locations by per capita income}}
[[File:Geo Map of Median Income by County in Indiana.png|thumb]]

As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], Indiana's median household income was $44,616, ranking it 36th among the United States and the District of Columbia.<ref>{{cite web |title = Overview for Indiana | publisher=Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University Kelley School of Business |date =August 1, 2012 |url = http://www.stats.indiana.edu/uspr/a/us_profile_frame.html |access-date =August 14, 2012}}</ref> In 2005, the median household income for Indiana residents was $43,993. Nearly 498,700 Indiana households had incomes between $50,000 and $75,000, accounting for 20% of all households.<ref name="Justis 2006">{{cite web| last =Justis| first =Rachel M| title =Household Income Varies by Region and Race| publisher=Indiana University| year =2006| url =http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2006/fall/article2.html| access-date =October 29, 2009 }}</ref>

Hamilton County's median household income is nearly $35,000 higher than the Indiana average. At $78,932, it ranks seventh in the country among counties with fewer than 250,000 people. The next highest median incomes in Indiana are also found in the Indianapolis suburbs; Hendricks County has a median of $57,538, followed by Johnson County at $56,251.<ref name="Justis 2006"/>
{{clear}}

===Religion===

[[File:Jrb_20071024_Mennonite_Amish_buggy_Shipshewana_Indiana.JPG|thumb|left|Indiana is home to the [[List of U.S. states by Amish population|third largest population]] of [[Amish]] in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.etown.edu/amishstudies/files/2017/08/Population_Change_2012-2017.pdf|website=Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College|title=Amish Population Change 2012-2017|type=PDF|access-date=September 2, 2017}}</ref>]]

Although the largest single religious denomination in the state is Catholic (747,706 members), most Hoosiers are members of various Protestant denominations. The largest Protestant denomination by number of adherents in 2010 was the [[United Methodist Church]], with 355,043.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/18/rcms2010_18_state_adh_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report |publisher=www.thearda.com |access-date=November 12, 2013 |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163800/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/18/rcms2010_18_state_adh_2010.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> A study by the Graduate Center at the [[City University of New York]] found 20% are Catholic, 14% belong to [[Baptist]] churches, 10% are other Christians, 9% are [[Methodist]], and 6% are [[Lutheran]]. The study found 16% are affiliated with [[Irreligion|no religion]].<ref>{{cite web|title=American Religious Identification Survey |publisher=[[City University of New York]] |url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |access-date=December 25, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219030815/http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |archive-date=December 19, 2006 }}</ref>

Indiana is home to the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] [[St. Meinrad Archabbey]], one of two Catholic [[archabbey]]s in the United States and 11 in the world. The [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] has one of its two seminaries in [[Concordia Theological Seminary|Fort Wayne]]. Two evangelical Methodist denominations, the [[Free Methodist Church]] and the [[Wesleyan Church]], are headquartered in Indianapolis, as is the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]].<ref>Bodenhamer, Barrows and Vanderstel, p. 696</ref><ref>Bodenhamer, Barrows and Vanderstel, p. 416.</ref>

The [[Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches]] maintains offices and publishing work in [[Winona Lake, Indiana|Winona Lake]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LC&p_theme=lc&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10307DEBAC918D95&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|title=Forever Young: Lititz pastor retires after 33 years at Grace Brethren|date=June 4, 2004|publisher=[[Lancaster New Era]]|access-date=August 15, 2009|archive-date=November 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202322/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LC&p_theme=lc&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10307DEBAC918D95&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|url-status=dead}} (Registration needed)</ref> [[Huntington, Indiana|Huntington]] serves as the home to the [[Church of the United Brethren in Christ]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FW&s_site=fortwayne&p_multi=FW&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10547EC7A86111BF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|title=Future of the faith, Area church weighs merger as a way to aid denomination|date=September 22, 2004|website=[[The News-Sentinel]]|access-date=August 15, 2009|archive-date=December 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005036/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FW&s_site=fortwayne&p_multi=FW&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10547EC7A86111BF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|url-status=dead}} (Registration needed)</ref> [[Anderson, Indiana|Anderson]] is home to the headquarters of the [[Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)|Church of God]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Neff|first=David|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/marchweb-only/113-12.0.html|title=Holiness Without the Legalism|date=March 27, 2006|website=[[Christianity Today]]|access-date=August 15, 2009}}</ref> The headquarters of the [[Missionary Church]] is in Fort Wayne.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FW&s_site=fortwayne&p_multi=FW&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FE07B25E8E7E2E5&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|title=Volunteers add to church, They construct buildings for the Missionary Church|date=October 6, 2003|website=The News-Sentinel|access-date=August 15, 2009}} (Registration needed)</ref>

The [[Friends United Meeting]] of the [[Religious Society of Friends]], the largest branch of American Quakerism, is based in [[Richmond, Indiana|Richmond]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earlham.edu/Q/brochure1/#did_you_know|title=Quakers of Richmond and Wayne County, Indiana|publisher=[[Earlham College]]|access-date=August 15, 2009|archive-date=April 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403160459/http://www.earlham.edu/Q/brochure1/#did_you_know|url-status=dead}}</ref> which also houses the oldest Quaker seminary in the United States, the [[Earlham School of Religion]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Amy Lyles|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7780491|title=The Guts to Keep Going|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|access-date=August 15, 2009}}</ref> The [[Islamic Society of North America]] is headquartered in [[Plainfield, Indiana|Plainfield]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2009-02-02-muslims-obama_N.htm|title=Are American Muslims 'under more scrutiny' with Obama?|work=USA Today|date=February 2, 2009|access-date=August 15, 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable collapsible" style="text-align:right;"
|+ class="nowrap" style="font-size:100%" | Religious affiliation in Indiana (2014)<ref>{{cite web |author = USA |url = https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/indiana/ |title = Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center |publisher = Pewforum.org |access-date = May 29, 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col"| Affiliation
! scope="col" colspan="2"|% of Indiana population
|-
! scope="row"| [[Christianity]]
| {{bartable|72||2||background:darkblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| [[Protestant]]
| {{bartable|52||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:2em;"| [[Evangelical Protestant]]
| {{bartable|31||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:2em;"| [[Mainline Protestant]]
| {{bartable|16||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:2em;"| [[Black church|Black Protestant]]
| {{bartable|5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| [[Catholic]]
| {{bartable|18||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| [[Mormon]]
| {{bartable|1||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-indent:1em;"| Other Christianity
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Judaism]]
| {{bartable|1||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Buddhism]]
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Islam]]
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Hinduism]]
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
! scope="row"| Other faiths
| {{bartable|1||2||background:darkgreen}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]
| {{bartable|26||2||background:purple}}
|-
! scope="row"| Don't know / no answer
| {{bartable|0.5||2||background:darkorange}}
|}
{{clear}}

==Law and government==

{{Main|Government of Indiana}}

{{See also|Indiana's congressional delegations|Indiana's congressional districts}}
[[File:IndianaStateHouse1.jpg|thumb|The [[Indiana Statehouse]] in [[Indianapolis]], seat of [[Government of Indiana|Indiana's state government]], hosts the [[Indiana General Assembly]], the [[Indiana Supreme Court]], and the [[Governor of Indiana]].]]
[[File:1816 Indiana Constitution - DPLA - 638529f8d3cb7f846cb4d281a6314e78 (page 10).jpg|thumb|[[Constitution of Indiana]] (1816)]]

Indiana has a constitutional democratic republican form of government with three branches: the executive, including an elected governor and lieutenant governor; the legislative, consisting of an elected [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] General Assembly; and the judicial, the Supreme Court of Indiana, the Indiana Court of Appeals and circuit courts.

The [[Governor of Indiana]] serves as the state's chief executive and has the authority to manage the government as established in the Constitution of Indiana. The governor and the [[Lieutenant Governor of Indiana|lieutenant governor]] are jointly elected to four-year terms, with gubernatorial elections running concurrently with United States presidential elections (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, etc.).<ref name="ST"/> The governor may not serve more than two consecutive terms.<ref name="ST"/> The governor works with the [[Indiana General Assembly]] and the [[Indiana Supreme Court]] to govern the state and has the authority to adjust the other branches. The governor can call special sessions of the General Assembly and select and remove leaders of nearly all state departments, boards and commissions. Other notable powers include calling out the [[Indiana Guard Reserve]] or the [[Indiana National Guard]] in times of emergency or disaster, issuing pardons or commuting the sentence of any criminal offenders except in cases of treason or impeachment and possessing an abundant amount of statutory authority.<ref name="ST">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.in.us/portal/files/WebPageFactsBooklet.pdf|title=Indiana Facts|publisher=State of Indiana|access-date=August 3, 2009|archive-date=March 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318110223/http://www.state.in.us/portal/files/WebPageFactsBooklet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Indiana State Chamber of Commerce (2007), p. 10.</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Indiana Constitution Article 5| date =February 25, 1999| publisher =Indiana University| url =http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-5.html| access-date =August 3, 2009| archive-date =March 10, 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090310200401/http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-5.html| url-status =dead}}</ref>

The lieutenant governor serves as the President of the Senate and ensures the senate rules are acted in accordance with by its constituents. The lieutenant governor votes only when needed to break ties. If the governor dies in office, becomes permanently incapacitated, resigns or is impeached, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. If both the governor and lieutenant governor positions are unoccupied, the Senate President pro tempore becomes governor.<ref>Indiana State Chamber of Commerce (2007), p. 13.</ref>

The Indiana General Assembly is composed of a 50-member [[Indiana Senate|Senate]] and 100-member [[Indiana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. The Senate is the [[upper house]] of the General Assembly and the House of Representatives is the [[lower house]].<ref name="ST" /> The General Assembly has exclusive legislative authority within the state government. Both the Senate and the House can introduce legislation, with the exception that the Senate is not authorized to initiate legislation that will affect revenue. Bills are debated and passed separately in each house, but both houses must pass them before they can be submitted to the Governor.<ref name="For">{{cite web| title =Indiana Constitution Article 4| date =February 25, 1999| publisher =Indiana University| url =http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-4.html| access-date =August 3, 2009| archive-date =August 1, 2018| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180801103208/http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-4.html| url-status =dead}}</ref> The legislature can nullify a veto from the governor with a majority vote of full membership in the Senate and House of Representatives.<ref name="ST" /> Each law passed by the General Assembly must apply without exception to the entire state. The General Assembly has no authority to create legislation that targets a particular community.<ref name="For" /><ref>Indiana State Chamber of Commerce (2005), p. 11</ref> The General Assembly can manage the state's judiciary system by arranging the size of the courts and the bounds of their districts. It also can oversee the activities of the executive branch of the state government, has restricted power to regulate the county governments within the state, and has exclusive power to initiate the method to alter the Indiana Constitution.<ref name="For" /><ref>Indiana State Chamber of Commerce (2005), p. 14.</ref>

The [[Indiana Supreme Court]] is made up of five judges with a [[Indiana Court of Appeals|Court of Appeals]] composed of 15 judges. The governor selects judges for the supreme and appeals courts from a group of applicants chosen by a special commission. After serving for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10-year term.<ref name="ST" /> In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have [[original jurisdiction]] and can hear only cases petitioned to it after being heard in lower courts. Local circuit courts are where most cases begin with a trial and the consequence is decided by the jury. The Supreme Court has original and sole jurisdiction in certain areas including the practice of law, discipline or disbarment of Judges appointed to the lower state courts, and supervision over the exercise of jurisdiction by the other lower courts of the State.<ref name="Fur">{{cite web| title =Indiana Constitution Article 7| date =February 25, 1999| publisher =Indiana University| url =http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-7.html| access-date =August 3, 2009| archive-date =August 2, 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090802221214/http://www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/inconst/art-7.html| url-status =dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/judiciary/supreme/appellate.html |title=Appellate Process |publisher=State of Indiana |date=February 4, 2009 |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723101408/http://www.in.gov/judiciary/supreme/appellate.html |archive-date=July 23, 2009 }}</ref>

The state is divided into 92 [[County (United States)|counties]], which are led by a board of county commissioners. 90 counties in Indiana have their own [[circuit court]] with a judge elected for a six-year term. The remaining two counties, Dearborn and Ohio, are combined into one circuit. Many counties operate [[superior court]]s in addition to the circuit court. In densely populated counties where the caseload is traditionally greater, separate courts have been established to solely hear either juvenile, criminal, probate or small claims cases. The establishment, frequency and jurisdiction of these additional courts vary greatly from county to county. There are 85 city and town courts in Indiana municipalities, created by local ordinance, typically handling minor offenses and not considered [[courts of record]]. County officials elected to four-year terms include an auditor, recorder, treasurer, sheriff, coroner and clerk of the circuit court. All incorporated cities in Indiana have a mayor and council form of municipal government. Towns are governed by a town council and townships are governed by a township trustee and advisory board.<ref name="ST" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/judiciary/2674.htm|title=Indiana Trial Courts: Types of Courts|publisher=State of Indiana|access-date=May 4, 2014|archive-date=May 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504172406/http://www.in.gov/judiciary/2674.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked Indiana first in the publication's inaugural 2017 Best States for Government listing. Among individual categories, Indiana ranked above average in budget transparency (#1), government digitization (#6), and fiscal stability (#8), and ranked average in state integrity (#25).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Best States for Government |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings/government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911112135/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings/government |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |access-date=September 11, 2017 |magazine=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>

In a 2020 study, Indiana was ranked as the 10th hardest state for citizens to vote in.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=J. Pomante II |first1=Michael |last2=Li |first2=Quan |title=Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020 |journal=Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy |date=December 15, 2020 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=503–509 |doi=10.1089/elj.2020.0666 |s2cid=225139517 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Abortion in Indiana|Abortion]] is illegal in Indiana with limited exceptions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana |url=https://reproductiverights.org/maps/state/indiana/ |access-date=September 4, 2024 |website=Center for Reproductive Rights}}</ref>

In 2015, Indiana expanded Medicaid eligibility from ACA provisions. A study from Kaiser Family Foundation found that the uninsured rate in Indiana dropped from 14% in 2014 to 8.5% in 2015 after the expansion. Under Obamacare, when a state adopts Medicaid expansion, the eligibility income requirement goes from 100% of the federal poverty line to 138% of the federal poverty rate. However, Indiana requires enrollees to contribute to a “POWER account” which functions as a health savings account for all beneficiaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medicaid Expansion in Indiana|url=https://www.kff.org/medicaid/medicaid-expansion-in-indiana/|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|publisher=KFF|date=February 1, 2015|access-date=January 14, 2025}}</ref> This has been controversial because beneficiaries would have to pay into an account with money they would not have.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
===Military installations===

[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 090826-D-8719J-45.jpg|thumb|Members of the [[Indiana National Guard]] at the [[Muscatatuck Urban Training Center]] near [[Butlerville, Indiana|Butlerville]]]]

Indiana is home to several current and former [[Military base|military installations]]. The largest of these is the [[Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division]], approximately 25 miles southwest of [[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]], which is the third-largest naval installation in the world, comprising approximately 108 square miles of territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warfare-Centers/NSWC-Crane/Who-We-Are/|title=About Us|website=www.navsea.navy.mil}}</ref> Located inside NSWC Crane is Constitution Grove, a 64,000-acre forest containing approximately 120 old-growth [[white oak]] trees selected for the maintenance of the [[USS Constitution]], the world's oldest commissioned warship still afloat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=USS Constitution |date=May 11, 2015 |title=The "Wooden Walls" of USS Constitution |url=https://ussconstitutionmuseum.org/2015/05/11/the-wooden-walls/ |access-date=April 25, 2024 |website=USS Constitution Museum |language=en}}</ref>

Other active installations include [[Air National Guard]] fighter units at [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]], and [[Terre Haute]] airports (to be consolidated at Fort Wayne under the [[Base Realignment and Closure, 2005|2005 BRAC proposal]], with the Terre Haute facility remaining open as a non-flying installation). The [[Army National Guard]] conducts operations at [[Camp Atterbury]] in [[Edinburgh, Indiana]], helicopter operations out of [[Shelbyville, Indiana|Shelbyville]] Airport and urban training at [[Muscatatuck Urban Training Center]]. The Army's [[Newport Chemical Depot]], which is now closed and turning into a coal purifier plant.

Indiana was formerly home to two major military installations; [[Grissom Air Force Base]] near Peru (realigned to an [[Air Force Reserve]] installation in 1994) and [[Fort Benjamin Harrison]] near Indianapolis, now closed, though the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] continues to operate a large finance center there ([[Defense Finance and Accounting Service]]).

==Politics==

{{Main|Politics of Indiana}}

{{See also|Political party strength in Indiana|United States presidential elections in Indiana}}
[[File:130410-Z-9531S-013.jpg|thumb|[[Mike Pence]] at the Indiana State Fair, 2014|alt=An older man in a tan suit reaches across a table to shake a woman's hand.]]

From 1880 to 1924, a resident of Indiana was included in all but one presidential election. Indiana Representative [[William Hayden English]] was nominated for vice president and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock in the [[1880 United States presidential election|1880 election]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 23.</ref> Former Indiana Governor [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] was elected vice president in 1884. He served until his death on November 25, 1885, under President [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 82.</ref> In 1888, former Senator from Indiana [[Benjamin Harrison]] was elected president and served one term. He remains the only President from Indiana. Indiana Senator [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] was elected vice president in 1904, serving under President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] until 1909.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 118.</ref> Fairbanks made another run for vice president with [[Charles Evans Hughes]] in 1916, but they both lost to [[Woodrow Wilson]] and former Indiana Governor [[Thomas R. Marshall]], who served as vice president from 1913 until 1921.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 162.</ref> Not until 1988 did another presidential election involve a native of Indiana when Senator [[Dan Quayle]] was elected vice president and served one term with [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref name="FW"/> Governor [[Mike Pence]] was elected vice president in 2016 and served one term with [[Donald Trump]].

Indiana has long been considered a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] stronghold.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Indiana poll shows tight race with McCain, Obama |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Oct01/0,4670,Poll2008Indiana,00.html |date=October 1, 2008 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |title=The 2006 Campaign: Struggle for the House; In a G.O.P. Stronghold, 3 Districts in Indiana Are Now Battlegrounds |work=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDA163FF932A15753C1A9609C8B63 |date=October 21, 2006 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref> It was through the Republican Party that in the mid-1920s the 250,000 member [[Indiana Klan]] exerted its influence in the [[Indiana General Assembly]], where more than half the elected representatives were Klansmen, and in the governor's office.<ref name=":1" /> The party suffered accordingly when the [[Madge Oberholtzer]] scandal discredited the Klan leadership.<ref name=":2" /> A further opening was created for the Democrats when the state shared in the country's disillusion with the [[Great Depression|Depression-era]] administration of [[Herbert Hoover|President Hoover]]. In 1932, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] won the state with 55% of the vote. The ascendancy of the [[New Deal]] Democrats, however, was temporary. In 1940, Indiana was one of only 10 states to support Republican [[Wendell Willkie]].<ref name="FW"/>

On 14 occasions the Republican candidate has defeated the Democrat by a double-digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state by more than 20 percentage points.<ref name="Atlas" /> Roosevelt's victory in 1932 was one of only five occasion since 1900 in which the state has favored a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] for president. The first was [[Woodrow Wilson]] with 43% of the vote in 1912; the last, by a narrow margin of 50% to 49%, was [[Barack Obama]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=McPhee |first=Laura |date=November 12, 2008 |title=Indiana's historic vote for Obama |url=https://www.nuvo.net/indianapolis/indianas-historic-vote-for-obama/Content?oid=1263801 |access-date=August 10, 2009 |website=[[NUVO (newspaper)|NUVO]]}}</ref>

Most recently, Republican [[Donald Trump]] carried the state in [[2016 United States presidential election in Indiana|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Indiana|2020]], and [[2024 United States presidential election in Indiana|2024]].

While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats [[List of Governors of Indiana|were elected governor]] during that time. Before [[Mitch Daniels]] became governor in 2005, Democrats had held the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The state has 11 electoral votes in presidential elections.<ref name="Atlas" /> Seven of the [[Indiana's congressional districts|districts]] favor the Republican Party according to the CPVI rankings; there are seven Republicans serving as representatives and two Democrats.

Historically, Republicans have been strongest in the eastern and central portions of the state, while Democrats have been strongest in the northwestern part of the state. Occasionally, certain counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]], Indiana's most populous county, supported the Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before backing the Democrats in the 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, and 2024 elections. Indiana's second-most populous county, [[Lake County, Indiana|Lake County]], strongly supports the Democratic party and has not voted for a Republican since 1972.<ref name="Atlas">{{cite web |title=Presidential General Election Map Comparison |url=https://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/comparemaps.php?year=2008&fips=18&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |access-date=August 11, 2009 |website=uselectionatlas.org}}</ref>

In 2005, the Bay Area Center for Voting Research rated the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential election, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000. Five Indiana cities were mentioned in the study. On the liberal side, [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] was ranked second and [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] came in at 83. Among conservative cities, [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] was 44th, [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] was 60th and [[Indianapolis]] was 82nd on the list.<ref>{{cite news |last=Modie |first=Neil |title=Where have Seattle's lefties gone? |website=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/236320_liberal12.html |date=August 12, 2005 |access-date=August 11, 2009}}</ref> Republicans also currently hold [[Supermajority|supermajorities]] in both chambers of the [[Indiana General Assembly]] and have dominated the [[Governor of Indiana|governorship]] since 2005.

==Culture==
===Arts===
{{See also|Golden Age of Indiana Literature}}
The last decades of the 19th century began what is known as the "golden age of Indiana literature", a period that lasted until the 1920s.<ref name = artsummary/> [[Edward Eggleston]] wrote ''The Hoosier Schoolmaster'' (1871), the first best-seller to originate in the state. Many more followed, including [[Maurice Thompson]]'s ''Hoosier Mosaics'' (1875) and [[Lew Wallace]]'s ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ|Ben-Hur]]'' (1880). Indiana developed a reputation as the "American heartland" after the publication of several widely read novels, beginning with [[Booth Tarkington]]'s ''The Gentleman from Indiana'' (1899), [[Meredith Nicholson]]'s The Hoosiers (1900), and Thompson's ''Alice of Old Vincennes'' (1900).<ref name = artsummary/> [[James Whitcomb Riley]], known as the "Hoosier Poet" and the most popular poet of his age, wrote hundreds of poems with Hoosier themes, including ''[[Little Orphant Annie]]''. A unique art culture also began to develop in the late 19th century, beginning the [[Hoosier Group|Hoosier School]] of landscape painting and the [[Richmond Group]] of impressionist painters. The painters, including [[T. C. Steele]], whose work was influenced by southern Indiana's colorful hills, were known for their use of vivid colors.<ref name = artsummary>{{cite encyclopedia|title=INDIANA|year=2000|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century|editor= Farmington, Gale|author=Furlong, Patrick J.|location=Michigan}}</ref> Prominent musicians and composers from Indiana also reached national acclaim, including [[Paul Dresser]], whose most popular song, "[[On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away]]", was later adopted as the official state song.<ref name=ihspauldresser>{{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Clayton W|url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/library-and-archives/notable-hoosiers/paul-dresser/|title=Paul Dresser|publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]]|access-date=March 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828223523/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/library-and-archives/notable-hoosiers/paul-dresser|archive-date=August 28, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Sports===

{{Main|Sports in Indiana}}

====Motorsports====

[[File:Dallara DW12 (Fernando Alonso) 2017 Indianapolis 500.jpg|thumb|Indianapolis is home to the annual [[Indianapolis 500]] race.]]

Indiana has an extensive history with [[auto racing]]. Indianapolis hosts the [[Indianapolis 500]] mile race over [[Memorial Day]] weekend at the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] every May. The name of the race is usually shortened to "Indy 500" and also goes by the nickname "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing".<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Traditions {{!}} Indianapolis Motor Speedway |url=https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/history/traditions |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com |language=en}}</ref> The race attracts more than 350,000 people every year, making it the largest single-day sporting event in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-26 |title=Sold-Out 109th Indy 500 Treats Fans to the 'Greatest Spectacle in Racing' |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a64882825/109th-indy-500-sold-out-crowd-race-fans/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref> The track also hosts the [[Brickyard 400]] ([[NASCAR]]) and the [[Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix]].<ref name=":7" /> From 2000 to 2007, it hosted the [[United States Grand Prix]] ([[Formula One]]). Indiana features the world's largest and most prestigious [[drag race]], the [[NHRA U.S. Nationals|NHRA Mac Tools U.S. Nationals]], held each [[Labor Day]] weekend at [[Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis]] in [[Clermont, Indiana]]. Indiana is also host to a major [[hydroplane racing|unlimited hydroplane racing]] power boat race circuits in the major [[H1 Unlimited]] league, the [[Madison Regatta]] ([[Madison, Indiana]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madison Regatta – YaGottaRegatta! |url=https://www.madisonregatta.com/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Professional sports====

[[File:Andrew Luck 2013.jpg|thumb|The [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] have been based in the state since 1984.]]

{{as of|2013}} Indiana has produced more [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) players per capita than any other state. Muncie has produced the most per capita of any American city, with two other Indiana cities in the top ten.<ref name="deadspin20130617">{{cite web | url=http://deadspin.com/infographics-where-do-pro-basketball-players-come-from-513261549 | title=Infographics: Where Do Pro Basketball Players Come From? | website=Deadspin | date=June 17, 2013 | access-date=June 18, 2013 | author-last1=Fischer-Baum|author-first1= Reuben}}</ref> It has a rich basketball heritage that reaches back to the sport's formative years. The NBA's [[Indiana Pacers]] play their home games at [[Gainbridge Fieldhouse]]; they began play in 1967 in the [[American Basketball Association]] (ABA) and joined the NBA when the leagues [[ABA-NBA merger|merged]] in 1976. Although [[James Naismith]] developed basketball in [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], [[Massachusetts]] in 1891, high school basketball was born in Indiana. In 1925, Naismith visited an Indiana basketball state finals game along with 15,000 screaming fans and later wrote "Basketball really had its origin in Indiana, which remains the center of the sport." The 1986 film ''[[Hoosiers (film)|Hoosiers]]'' is inspired by the story of the 1954 Indiana state champions [[1954 Milan High School basketball team|Milan High School]]. Professional basketball player [[Larry Bird]] was born in [[West Baden Springs, Indiana|West Baden Springs]] and was raised in [[French Lick, Indiana|French Lick]]. He went on to lead the [[Boston Celtics]] to the NBA championship in 1981, 1984, and 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/larry-bird-9213087|title=Larry Bird|website=Biography|date=April 20, 2021 }}</ref>

Indianapolis is home to the [[Indianapolis Colts]]. The Colts are members of the [[AFC South|South Division]] of the [[American Football Conference]]. The Colts have roots back to 1913 as the [[Dayton Triangles]]. They became an official team after moving to [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland|MD]], in 1953. In 1984, the [[History of the Baltimore Colts|Colts]] [[Baltimore Colts relocation controversy|relocated]] to Indianapolis, leading to an eventual rivalry with the [[Baltimore Ravens]]. After calling the [[RCA Dome]] home for 25 years, the Colts play their home games at [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] in Indianapolis. While in Baltimore, the Colts won [[Super Bowl V]]. In Indianapolis, the Colts won [[Super Bowl XLI]], bringing the franchise total to two. In recent years the Colts have regularly competed in the NFL playoffs.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Indiana was home to two charter members of the [[National Football League]] teams, the [[Hammond Pros]] and the [[Muncie Flyers]]. Another early NFL franchise, the [[Evansville Crimson Giants]] spent two seasons in the league before folding.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

====Professional teams====

The following table shows the professional sports teams in Indiana. Teams in italic are in [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major men's]] or [[Prominent women's sports leagues in the United States and Canada|women's]] professional leagues.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Venue (capacity)
|-
|''[[Indianapolis Colts]]''
|American football
|[[National Football League]]
| [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] (62,400)
|-
|''[[Indiana Pacers]]''
|Basketball
|[[National Basketball Association]]
| [[Gainbridge Fieldhouse]] (18,165)
|-
|[[Evansville Otters]]
|Baseball
|[[Frontier League]]
| [[Bosse Field]] (5,181)
|-
|[[Evansville Thunderbolts]]
|Ice hockey
|[[SPHL]]
| [[Ford Center (Evansville)|Ford Center]] (9,000)
|-
|[[Fort Wayne Komets]]
|Ice hockey
|[[ECHL]]
| [[Allen County War Memorial Coliseum]] (10,480)
|-
|[[Fort Wayne TinCaps]]
|Baseball
|[[Midwest League]]
| [[Parkview Field]] (8,100)
|-
|[[Gary SouthShore RailCats]]
|Baseball
|[[American Association of Professional Baseball|American Association]]
| [[U.S. Steel Yard]] (6,139)
|-
| ''[[Indiana Fever]]''
| Basketball
| [[Women's National Basketball Association]]
| [[Gainbridge Fieldhouse]] (18,165)
|-
| [[Noblesville Boom]]
| Basketball
| [[NBA G League]]
| [[Riverview Health Arena at Innovation Mile]] (3,400)
|-
| [[Indy Eleven]]
| Soccer
| [[USL Championship]]
| [[Michael A. Carroll Stadium]] (10,524)
|-
|[[Indy Fuel]]
|Ice hockey
|[[ECHL]]
| [[Fishers Event Center]] (6,500)
|-
| [[Indy Ignite]]
| Volleyball
| [[Pro Volleyball Federation]]
| [[Fishers Event Center]] (6,500)
|-
|[[Indianapolis Indians]]
|Baseball
|[[International League]]
| [[Victory Field]] (14,230)
|-
|[[Indianapolis Enforcers]]
|Arena football
|[[American Arena League|AAL]]
|[[Indiana Farmers Coliseum]]
|-
|[[South Bend Cubs]]
|Baseball
|[[Midwest League]]
| [[Four Winds Field]] (5,000)
|}

The following is a table of sports venues in Indiana having a capacity in excess of 30,000:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Facility
!Capacity
!Municipality
!Tenants
|-
|[[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]]
|257,327
|[[Speedway, Indiana|Speedway]]
|{{ubl|[[Indianapolis 500]]|[[Grand Prix of Indianapolis]]|[[Brantley Gilbert Big Machine Brickyard 400]]|[[Lilly Diabetes 250]]}}
|-
|[[Notre Dame Stadium]]
|84,000
|[[Notre Dame, Indiana|Notre Dame]]
|[[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football]]
|-
|[[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
|62,421
|[[Indianapolis]]
|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
|[[Ross–Ade Stadium]]
|57,236
|[[West Lafayette, Indiana|West Lafayette]]
|[[Purdue Boilermakers football]]
|-
|[[Memorial Stadium (Indiana)|Memorial Stadium]]
|52,929
|[[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]]
|[[Indiana Hoosiers football]]
|}

====College athletics====

{{See also|Hoosier Hysteria}}
[[File:Indiana Assembly Hall interior (16100187018).jpg|thumb|[[Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall]], home to [[Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball]]]]
[[File:Fans and players gather for a football game Sept. 6, 2014, at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Ind 140906-D-KC128-220.jpg|thumb|[[Notre Dame Stadium]], home to the [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Fighting Irish]]]]
[[File:Ross-Ade Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Ross-Ade Stadium]], home of the [[Purdue Boilermakers football|Purdue Boilermakers]], before the 2023 renovations]]

Indiana has had great sports success at the collegiate level.

In men's basketball, the [[Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball|Indiana Hoosiers]] have won five NCAA national championships and 22 [[Big Ten Conference]] championships. The [[Purdue Boilermakers]] were selected as the national champions in 1932 before the creation of the tournament, and have won 26 Big Ten championships. The Boilermakers along with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have both won a national championship in women's basketball.

In college football, the [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish]] have won 11 consensus national championships, as well as the [[Rose Bowl Game]], [[Cotton Bowl Classic]], [[Orange Bowl]] and [[Sugar Bowl]]. Meanwhile, the Purdue Boilermakers have won 10 Big Ten championships and have won the Rose Bowl and [[Peach Bowl]]. The [[2025 Indiana Hoosiers football team|Indiana Hoosiers football team]], led by head coach [[Curt Cignetti]], won the [[2026 College Football Playoff National Championship|national championship]] in 2026.

Schools fielding [[NCAA Division I]] athletic programs include:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Program
!Division
!Conference
!City
|-
|[[Ball State Cardinals]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]]
|[[Mid-American Conference]] [[Missouri Valley Conference]] (men's swimming & diving) [[Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association]] (men's volleyball)
|[[Muncie, Indiana|Muncie]]
|-
|[[Butler Bulldogs]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision|Division I FCS]]
|[[Big East Conference]] [[Pioneer Football League]]
|[[Indianapolis]]
|-
|[[Evansville Purple Aces]]
|[[NCAA Division I|Division I (non-football)]]
|[[Missouri Valley Conference]]
|[[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]]
|-
|[[Indiana Hoosiers]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]]
|[[Big Ten Conference]] [[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation]] (women's water polo)
|[[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]]
|-
|[[Indiana State Sycamores]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision|Division I FCS]]
|[[Missouri Valley Conference]] [[Missouri Valley Football Conference]]
|[[Terre Haute, Indiana|Terre Haute]]
|-
|[[IU Indy Jaguars]]
|[[NCAA Division I|Division I (non-football)]]
|[[Horizon League]]
|[[Indianapolis]]
|-
|[[Notre Dame Fighting Irish]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference]] [[Big Ten Conference]] (men's ice hockey) [[NCAA Division I FBS independent schools|Independent]] (football)
|[[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]]
|-
|[[Purdue Boilermakers]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]]
|[[Big Ten Conference]]
|[[West Lafayette, Indiana|West Lafayette]]
|-
|[[Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons]]
|[[NCAA Division I|Division I (non-football)]]
|[[Horizon League]] [[Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association]] (men's volleyball)
|[[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]]
|-
|[[Southern Indiana Screaming Eagles]]
|[[NCAA Division I|Division I (non-football)]]
|[[Ohio Valley Conference]] [[Summit League]] (swimming & diving) [[Horizon League]] (men's tennis)
|[[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]]
|-
|[[Valparaiso Beacons]]
|[[NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision|Division I FCS]]
|[[Missouri Valley Conference]] [[Pioneer Football League]] [[Conference USA]] (women's bowling)
|[[Valparaiso, Indiana|Valparaiso]]
|}

==Economy and infrastructure==

{{Main|Economy of Indiana}}

[[File:Indiana Dunes State Park, on the southern tip of Lake Michigan.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Michigan]]'s beaches, popular with tourists, are juxtaposed with heavy industry.]]
[[File:Campo de maiz, Walker, Indiana, Estados Unidos, 2012-10-20, DD 03.jpg|thumb|Indiana is the fifth largest corn-producing state in the U.S., with over a billion bushels harvested in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Indiana Agriculture Products|publisher=Journal Communications, Inc.|url=http://www.farmflavor.com/indiana/indiana-agribusiness/top-10-indiana-agriculture-products/|access-date=August 21, 2017|website=Farm Flavor}}</ref>]]

In 2017, Indiana had a civilian labor force of nearly 3.4{{spaces}}million, the 15th largest in the United States. Indiana has an unemployment rate of 3.7%, as of May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=staff |first=CNBC com |date=2025-07-10 |title=9. Indiana |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/10/indiana-top-states-for-business-ranking.html |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> The total gross state product in 2016 was $347.2{{spaces}}billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |title=Apps Test | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |website=Bea.gov |date= |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831043848/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |url-status=dead }}</ref> A high percentage of Indiana's income is from manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web | title=Indiana Economy at a Glance | publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | url=http://stats.bls.gov/eag/eag.in.htm | access-date=January 11, 2007}}</ref> According to the [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]], nearly 17% of the state's non-farm workforce is employed in manufacturing, the highest of any state in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|title=The States Leading the U.S. Manufacturing Resurgence|first=Mark|last=Crawford|publisher=Area Development|url=http://www.areadevelopment.com/RegionalReports/Q1-2013/states-leading-US-manufacturing-resurgence-2665542.shtml?Page=2|date=Winter 2013|access-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref> The state's five leading exports were motor vehicles and auto parts, pharmaceutical products, industrial machinery, optical and medical equipment, and electric machinery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Positioning, 2015: Indiana's Export Activity|publisher=STATS Indiana|url=http://www.stats.indiana.edu/exports/2015.asp|access-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref>

Despite its reliance on manufacturing, Indiana has been less affected by declines in traditional [[Rust Belt]] manufacturers than many of its neighbors. The explanation appears to be certain factors in the labor market. First, much of the heavy manufacturing, such as industrial machinery and steel, requires highly skilled labor, and firms are often willing to locate where hard-to-train skills already exist. Second, Indiana's labor force is primarily in medium-sized and smaller cities rather than in very large and expensive metropolises. This makes it possible for firms to offer somewhat lower wages for these skills than would normally be paid. Firms often see in Indiana a chance to obtain higher than average skills at lower than average wages.<ref>{{citation |title=Manufacturers in Indiana | publisher=Purdue University Center for Rural Development | date=July 19, 1998}}</ref>

Indiana is in the U.S. [[Corn Belt]] and [[Grain Belt]]. It has a feedlot-style system raising corn to fatten hogs and cattle. Along with corn, [[soybeans]] are also a major cash crop. Its proximity to large urban centers, such as [[Indianapolis]] and Chicago, assure dairying, egg production, and specialty horticulture occur. Other crops include melons, tomatoes, grapes, mint, popping corn, and tobacco in the southern counties.<ref>{{cite web |title=USDA Crop Profiles |url=http://cipm.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cplist.cfm?org=state |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223130933/http://cipm.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cplist.cfm?org=state  |archive-date=February 23, 2007 |access-date=November 20, 2006 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> Most of the original land was not prairie and had to be cleared of deciduous trees. Many parcels of woodland remain and support a furniture-making sector in southern Indiana.

===Business===

In 2025, Indiana was home to seven [[Fortune 500]] companies. These included [[Eli Lilly and Company]], the pharmaceutical giant and the state's largest corporation, headquartered in Indianapolis.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Beard |first=James |date=April 8, 2025 |title=Top 7 Fortune 500 Companies in Indiana and What They Do |url=https://indianahub.org/fortune-500-companies-in-indiana/ |access-date=October 17, 2025 |website=Indiana Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Indiana ranks fifth among all U.S. states in total sales and shipments of pharmaceutical products and second in the number of biopharmaceutical related jobs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Economy & Demographics |url=http://www.terrehauteareaedc.com/econ_industry.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716101025/http://www.terrehauteareaedc.com/econ_industry.htm |archive-date=July 16, 2006 |access-date=January 30, 2007 |publisher=Terre Haute Economic Development Co.}}</ref>

[[Northwest Indiana]] has been the largest steel producing center in the U.S. since 1975,<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana leads nation in steel production|first=Joseph|last=Pete|publisher=Northwest Indiana Times|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/business/steel/indiana-leads-nation-in-steel-production/article_def40810-528e-5a98-acc2-ebab79de08a2.html|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref> with Fort Wayne hosting Fortune 500 [[Steel Dynamics]], the third largest producer of carbon steel products in the United States.

Newer manufacturing sectors include orthopedic and surgical products, represented by [[Zimmer Biomet]], based in [[Warsaw, Indiana|Warsaw]]. Among the major service providers are [[Elevance Health]] (formerly Anthem, Inc.) in Indianapolis which is ranked among the nation's top healthcare insurers.<ref name=":6" />

In 2025, small businesses (generally defined as those with under 500 employees) accounted for 43 percent of Indiana's employees. While the number of small businesses has increased since the end of the COVID pandemic in 2022, it has done so without a commensurate increase in employment. Many are sole traders and self-employed contractors.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Indiana_2025-State-Profile.pdf |title=2025 Small Business Profile, Indiana |date=2025 |publisher=Office of advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Founder Reports |date=September 4, 2025 |title=The Post-COVID Employment Paradox: Nearly Half of States Are Creating Businesses But Losing Small Business Jobs |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XMX7QcTPjLsl5g290V8zx8lkoucp3Az6IXxoUB-_ZH8/edit?gid=0&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, Google Docs |language=en-US}}</ref>

Evaluating factors such as the private sector business creation rate, patent grants, tax burden, venture capital investment and how many top businesses are headquartered in a state, in 2025, ''US News & World Report'' ranked Indiana 39th among the 50 states for its "business environment".<ref name=":4" />

===Taxation===

{{See also|Taxation in Indiana}}

Tax is collected by the [[Indiana Department of Revenue]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DOR: Home|url=https://www.in.gov/dor/|access-date=June 4, 2020|website=www.in.gov}}</ref>

Indiana has a flat state [[income tax]] rate of 3.23%. Many of the state's counties also collect income tax. The state [[sales tax]] rate is 7% with exemptions for food, prescription medications and over-the-counter medications.<ref>{{cite web|title=State Sales Tax Rates|url=http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/Tax-Shelter/State-Sales-Tax-Rates/|publisher=Money-Zine.com|access-date=January 26, 2012|archive-date=January 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121121539/http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/Tax-Shelter/State-Sales-Tax-Rates/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In some jurisdictions, an additional Food and Beverage Tax is charged, at a rate of 1% (Marion County's rate is 2%), on sales of prepared meals and beverages.<ref>{{cite web|title=INDIANA Retail Sales Tax & Use Tax |url=http://www.in.gov/dor/files/brochure3.pdf |website=Indiana Department of Revenue |publisher=State of Indiana |access-date=January 26, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125021729/http://www.in.gov/dor/files/brochure3.pdf |archive-date=November 25, 2011 }}</ref>

[[Property tax]]es are imposed on both real and personal property in Indiana and are administered by the Department of Local Government Finance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/dor/tax-forms/property-tax/|title=DOR: Property Tax|date=June 22, 2020|accessdate=November 11, 2022|archive-date=November 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112011945/https://www.in.gov/dor/tax-forms/property-tax/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Property is subject to taxation by a variety of taxing units (schools, counties, townships, municipalities, and libraries), making the total tax rate the sum of the tax rates imposed by all taxing units in which a property is located. However, a "circuit breaker" law enacted on March 19, 2008, limits property taxes to 1% of assessed value for homeowners, 2% for rental properties and farmland, and 3% for businesses.

===State budget===

Indiana does not have a legal requirement to balance the state budget either in law or its constitution. Instead, it has a constitutional ban on assuming debt. The state has a [[Rainy Day Fund]] and for healthy reserves proportional to spending. Indiana is one of six U.S. states to not allow a [[Line-item veto in the United States|line-item veto]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/budget-tax/gubernatorial-veto-authority-with-respect-to-major.aspx|title=Gubernatorial Veto Authority with Respect to Major Budget Bill(s)|publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures|access-date=September 11, 2017|archive-date=January 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129031718/http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/budget-tax/gubernatorial-veto-authority-with-respect-to-major.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since 2010, Indiana has been one of a few states to hold [[Bond credit rating#Credit rating tiers|AAA bond credit ratings]] with the [[Big Three (credit rating agencies)|Big Three]] credit rating agencies, the highest possible rating.<ref>{{cite news|title=S&P Reaffirms State's Credit Rating|first=Alex|last=Brown|newspaper=Inside Indiana Business|url=http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/story/31621461/sp-reaffirms-states-credit-rating|date=April 1, 2016|access-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref>

===Energy===

{{See also|List of power stations in Indiana}}
[[File:Clifty Creek Power Plant Complex.jpg|thumb|[[fossil fuel power station|Coal-fired electric plants]], like [[Clifty Creek Power Plant]] in [[Madison, Indiana|Madison]], produced about 85 percent of Indiana's energy supply in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/state/state_one_pager/Indiana.pdf|title=2014 EIA reports and publications – Indiana|website=U.S. Energy Information Administration|access-date=September 3, 2017}}</ref>]]

Indiana's power production chiefly consists of the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly coal. It has 24 coal power plants, including the country's largest coal power plant, [[Gibson Generating Station]], across the Wabash River from [[Mount Carmel, Illinois]]. Indiana is also home to the coal-fired plant with the highest sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States, the [[R. Gallagher Generating Station|Gallagher]] power plant, just west of New Albany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2007/2007-07-26-05.asp|title=50 Dirtiest U.S. Power Plants Named|last=staff|website=Ens-newswire.com|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200756/http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2007/2007-07-26-05.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2010, Indiana had estimated coal reserves of 57 billion tons, and state mining operations produced 35 million tons of coal annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://igs.indiana.edu/coal/index.cfm|title=Coal in Indiana|author=Indiana Geological Survey|publisher=[[Purdue University]]|access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref> Indiana also has at least 900 million barrels of petroleum reserves in the [[Trenton Gas Field|Trenton Field]], though they are not easily recoverable. While Indiana has made commitments to increasing the use of renewable resources such as wind, hydroelectric, biomass, or solar power, progress has been very slow, mainly because of the continued abundance of coal in southern Indiana. Most of the new plants in the state have been [[coal gasification]] plants. Another source is hydroelectric power.

[[Wind power in Indiana|Wind power]] has been growing rapidly. Estimates in 2006 raised Indiana's wind capacity from 30 MW at 50 m turbine height to 40,000 MW at 70 m, and to 130,000 MW at 100 m, in 2010, the height of newer turbines.<ref>[http://www.indianacleanpower.org/renewableresources.html Indiana's Renewable Energy Resources] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209233955/http://www.indianacleanpower.org/renewableresources.html |date=February 9, 2014 }} Retrieved August 20, 2008</ref> By the end of 2011, Indiana had installed 1,340 MW of wind turbines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_installed_capacity.asp |title=WINDExchange: U.S. Installed Wind Capacity |website=windpoweringamerica.gov |access-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314233108/http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_installed_capacity.asp |archive-date=March 14, 2014 }}</ref> In 2020, this total had more than doubled to 2,968 MW.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://neo.ne.gov/programs/stats/inf/205.htm |date=April 13, 2022 |title=Wind Energy Installed Capacity by State |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312085006/https://neo.ne.gov/programs/stats/inf/205.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Transportation===

====Airports====

{{See also|List of airports in Indiana}}

[[Indianapolis International Airport]] serves the greater Indianapolis area. It was rebuilt in November 2008 and offers a midfield passenger terminal, concourses, air traffic control tower, parking garage, and airfield and apron improvements.<ref>{{cite web | title=New Indianapolis Airport | publisher=Indianapolis Airport Authority | url=http://www.indianapolisairport.com/ | access-date=January 6, 2007 | archive-date=February 2, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202010611/http://www.indianapolisairport.com/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other major airports include [[Evansville Regional Airport]], [[Fort Wayne International Airport]] (which houses the [[122d Fighter Wing]] of the [[Air National Guard]]), and [[South Bend International Airport]]. A long-standing proposal to turn [[Gary Chicago International Airport]] into Chicago's third major airport received a boost in early 2006 with the approval of $48{{spaces}}million in federal funding over the next ten years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gary Airport Gets Millions in Federal Funding |publisher=CBS Channel 2 |url=http://cbs2chicago.com/topstories/local_story_016180843.html |access-date=October 18, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218014515/http://cbs2chicago.com/topstories/local_story_016180843.html |archive-date=February 18, 2006 }}</ref>

No airlines operate out of [[Terre Haute Regional Airport]] but it is used primarily for general aviation. Since 1954, the [[181st Fighter Wing]] of the Indiana [[Air National Guard]] was stationed there, but the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] (BRAC) Proposal of 2005 stated the 181st would lose its fighter mission and [[F-16]] aircraft, leaving the Terre Haute facility a general-aviation-only facility.

[[Louisville International Airport]], across the Ohio River in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], serves southern Indiana, as does [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport]] in [[Hebron, Kentucky]]. Many residents of [[Northwest Indiana]], which is primarily in the [[Chicago Metropolitan Area]], use Chicago's airports, [[O'Hare International Airport]] and [[Chicago Midway International Airport]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

====Highways====

[[File:I-69 Construction Indiana.jpg|thumb|The [[Interstate 69 in Indiana|Interstate 69]] extension project in [[Monroe County, Indiana|Monroe County]]]]

The U.S. [[List of Interstate Highways in Indiana|Interstate highways in Indiana]] are [[Interstate 64 in Indiana|I-64]], [[Interstate 65 in Indiana|I-65]], [[Interstate 265 in Indiana|I-265]], [[Interstate 465|I-465]], [[Interstate 865|I-865]], [[Interstate 69 in Indiana|I-69]], [[Interstate 469|I-469]], [[Interstate 70 in Indiana|I-70]], [[Interstate 74 in Indiana|I-74]], [[Interstate 80 in Indiana|I-80]], [[Interstate 90 in Indiana|I-90]], [[Interstate 94 in Indiana|I-94]], and [[Interstate 275 (Ohio–Indiana–Kentucky)|I-275]]. The various highways intersecting in and around [[Indianapolis]], along with its historical status as a major railroad hub, and the canals that once crossed Indiana, are the source of the state's motto, the Crossroads of America. There are also many [[List of U.S. Routes in Indiana|U.S. routes]] and [[List of State Roads in Indiana|state highways]] maintained by the [[Indiana Department of Transportation]]. These are numbered according to the same convention as [[U.S. Highways]]. Indiana allows highways of different classifications to have the same number. For example, I-64 and [[Indiana State Road 64]] both exist (rather close to each other) in Indiana, but are two distinct roads with no relation to one another.

A $3 billion project extending I-69 is underway. The project was divided into six sections, with the first five sections (linking [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] to [[Martinsville, Indiana|Martinsville]]) now complete. The sixth and final phase from Martinsville to Indianapolis is under construction. When complete, I-69 will traverse an additional {{convert|142|mi|km|}} through the state.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lange|first=Kaitlin|title=I-69 completion date pushed back|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/13/-69-completion-date-pushed-back/97850844/|access-date=September 3, 2017|work=The Indianapolis Star|date=February 13, 2017}}</ref>

====County roads====

Most Indiana counties use a grid-based system to identify county roads; this system replaced the older arbitrary system of road numbers and names, and (among other things) makes it much easier to identify the sources of calls placed to the [[9-1-1]] system. Such systems are easier to implement in the glacially flattened northern and central portions of the state. Rural counties in the southern third of the state are less likely to have grids and more likely to rely on unsystematic road names (for example, Crawford, Harrison, Perry, Scott, and Washington Counties).

There are also counties in the northern portions of the state that have never implemented a grid or have only partially implemented one. Some counties are also laid out in an almost diamond-like grid system (e.g., Clark, Floyd, Gibson, and Knox Counties). Such a system is also almost useless in those situations as well. Knox County once operated two different grid systems for county roads because the county was laid out using two different survey grids, but has since decided to use road names and combine roads instead.

Notably, the county road grid system of St. Joseph County, whose major city is South Bend, uses perennial (tree) names (i.e. Ash, Hickory, Ironwood, etc.) in alphabetical order for north–south roads and presidential and other noteworthy names (i.e., Adams, Edison, Lincoln Way, etc.) in alphabetical order for east–west roads. There are exceptions to this rule in downtown South Bend and Mishawaka. Hamilton County's east–west roads continue Indianapolis's numbered street system from 96th Street at the Marion County line to 296th street at the Tipton County line.

====Rail====

{{See also|List of Indiana railroads}}
[[File:07 21 09 006xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|thumb|A [[South Shore Line|South Shore]] commuter train in [[Michigan City, Indiana|Michigan City]]]]

Indiana has more than {{convert|4,255|mi||adj=pre|railroad route }}, of which 91% are operated by [[Class I railroad]]s, principally [[CSX Transportation]] and the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]. Other Class{{spaces}}I railroads in Indiana include the [[Canadian National Railway]] and [[Soo Line Railroad]], a [[Canadian Pacific Kansas City|CPKC]] subsidiary, as well as [[Amtrak]]. The remaining miles are operated by 37 regional, local, and switching and terminal railroads. The [[South Shore Line (NICTD)|South Shore Line]] is one of the country's most notable commuter rail systems, extending from Chicago to [[South Bend]]. Indiana is implementing an extensive rail plan prepared in 2002 by the [[Parsons Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Indiana Rail Plan | publisher=Indiana Department of Transportation | url=http://www.in.gov/indot/3065.htm | access-date=August 24, 2009 | archive-date=August 18, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818033454/http://www.in.gov/indot/3065.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> Many recreational trails, such as the [[Monon Trail]] and [[Cardinal Greenway]], have been created from [[rails-to-trails|abandoned rails routes]].

====Ports====

[[File:Towboat Ben McCool upbound on Ohio River with two tank barges (1 of 6) 87j082.jpg|thumb|Barges are a common sight along the [[Ohio River]]. Ports of Indiana manages three maritime ports in the state, two located on the Ohio.]]

Indiana annually ships more than 70 million tons of cargo by water each year, which ranks 14th among all U.S. states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.portsofindiana.com/culture/faq/#1620269721897-2019f81f-f9d9|title=FAQ - Ports of Indiana|accessdate=November 11, 2022|archive-date=November 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112012425/https://www.portsofindiana.com/culture/faq/#1620269721897-2019f81f-f9d9|url-status=dead}}</ref> More than half of Indiana's border is water, which includes {{convert|400|mi|km|-1}} of direct access to two major freight transportation arteries: the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway (via Lake Michigan) and the Inland Waterway System (via the Ohio River). The [[Port of Indiana|Ports of Indiana]] manages three major ports which include [[Burns Harbor, Indiana|Burns Harbor]], [[Jeffersonville, Indiana|Jeffersonville]], and [[Mount Vernon, Indiana|Mount Vernon]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Ports of Indiana Website | url=http://www.portsofindiana.com | access-date=January 7, 2007}}</ref>

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Indiana}}

===Public schools===

[[File:Shortridge High School Indianapolis Aug 2016.jpg|thumb|Established in 1864, [[Shortridge High School]] in Indianapolis is Indiana's oldest free public high school.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herron |first=Arika |title=Shortridge named state's 'most beautiful' public high school |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/education/2017/09/18/shortridge-named-states-most-beautiful-public-high-school/678804001/ |work=The Indianapolis Star |date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=March 13, 2024}}</ref>]]

Indiana's 1816 constitution was the first in the country to implement a state-funded [[public school (government funded)|public school]] system. It also allotted one township for a public university.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Indiana History: Indiana, the Nineteenth State (1816)
|publisher=Center for History
|url=http://centerforhistory.org/learn-history/indiana-history/indiana-the-nineteenth-state-1816
|access-date=August 26, 2009
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027053723/http://centerforhistory.org/learn-history/indiana-history/indiana-the-nineteenth-state-1816
|archive-date=October 27, 2012
}}</ref> However, the plan turned out to be far too idealistic for a pioneer society, as tax money was not accessible for its organization. In the 1840s, [[Caleb Mills]] pressed the need for tax-supported schools, and in 1851 his advice was included in the new state constitution. In 1843 the Legislature ruled that African Americans could not attend the public schools, leading to the foundation of [[Union Literary Institute]] and other schools for them, funded by donations or the students themselves.<ref name="cepr.indiana.edu">{{cite web|title=Examining the Cross-roads: School Segregation in Indiana: Center for Evaluation, Policy, & Research: Indiana University Bloomington|url=https://cepr.indiana.edu/segregation.html|access-date=February 10, 2022|website=Center for Evaluation, Policy, & Research|language=en-US|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210184537/https://cepr.indiana.edu/segregation.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Indiana General Assembly authorized separate but equal schools for Black students in 1869, and in 1877 language in the law changed to allow for integrated schools.<ref name="cepr.indiana.edu"/>

Although the growth of the public school system was held up by legal entanglements, many public elementary schools were in use by 1870. Most children in Indiana attend public schools, but nearly ten percent attend private schools and [[parochial school]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/doe/about/news/indiana-k-12-school-enrollment-grows-for-2021-2022-school-year/|title=Indiana K-12 School Enrollment grows for 2021-2022 School Year|date=January 20, 2022|accessdate=November 12, 2022|archive-date=November 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113005932/https://www.in.gov/doe/about/news/indiana-k-12-school-enrollment-grows-for-2021-2022-school-year/|url-status=dead}}</ref> About half of all college students in Indiana are enrolled in state-supported four-year schools.

Indiana public schools have gone through several changes throughout Indiana's history. Modern, public school standards have been implemented all throughout the state. These new standards were adopted in April 2014. The overall goal of these new state standards is to ensure Indiana students have the necessary skills and requirements needed to enter college or the workforce upon high school graduation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana Academic Standards |url=https://www.doe.in.gov/standards |website=Indiana Department of Education |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012744/https://www.doe.in.gov/standards |url-status=dead }}</ref> State standards can be found for nearly every major subject taught in Indiana public schools. Mathematics, English/Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies are among the top, prioritized standards. In 2022, the [[Indiana Department of Education]] reported that the state's overall graduation rate was 86.7%, down one percent from 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Mary |title=State Releases 2021 Graduation Rates |url=https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/state-releases-2021-graduation-rates |access-date=July 21, 2022 |website=Inside INdiana Business |language=en-US}}</ref>

The rate of Indiana high school students attending college fell to 53% in 2022, a significant decline from 65% in 2017.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/che/files/2021_College_Readiness_Report_04_21_2021a.pdf|title=Indiana College Readiness Report 2021|website=In.gov|access-date=July 29, 2022|archive-date=July 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707012112/https://www.in.gov/che/files/2021_College_Readiness_Report_04_21_2021a.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Indiana's college-going rates have fallen further than most states'.<ref>{{Cite web|author-first1=Helen |author-last1=Rummel|agency=Chalkbeat Indiana|title=Rate of Indiana high school students headed to college drops to 53% |url=https://nuvo.newsnirvana.com/news/rate-of-indiana-high-school-students-headed-to-college-drops-to-53/article_89f15974-e9d4-11ec-a877-a7ced5f94de7.html |access-date=July 22, 2022 |publisher=NUVO |date=June 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2022 |title=Rate of Indiana high school students headed to college plummets to 53% |url=https://in.chalkbeat.org/2022/6/9/23161997/college-going-rate-indiana-decrease-low-high-school-higher-education-gap |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=Chalkbeat Indiana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=brooke.mcafee@newsandtribune.com |first=BROOKE MCAFEE |title=Local college enrollment reflects Indiana decline |url=https://www.newsandtribune.com/news/local-college-enrollment-reflects-indiana-decline/article_7530346c-eb62-11ec-87c8-07171aed778c.html |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=News and Tribune |date=June 13, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Trends reveal widening gaps for ethnic minorities and low-income families.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Vocational schools===
Indiana has a strong vocational school system. [[Charles Allen Prossor]], known as the father of [[vocational education]] in the United States, was from [[New Albany, Indiana|New Albany]]. The [[Charles Allen Prosser School of Technology]] is named in his honor. There are vocational schools in every region of Indiana, and most Indiana students can freely attend a vocational school during their high school years and receive training and job placement assistance in trade jobs. The International Union Of Operating Engineers (IUOE) has seven local unions in Indiana, offering apprenticeship and training opportunities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Local Unions by State/Province|url=https://www.iuoe.org/join-iuoe/local-unions-by-state-province|access-date=November 11, 2021|website=www.iuoe.org}}</ref> According to the Electrical Training Alliance website, there are ten electrical training centers in Indiana.<ref>{{cite web|title=electrical training ALLIANCE for the IBEW and NECA|url=http://electricaltrainingalliance.org/AboutUs|access-date=November 11, 2021|website=electricaltrainingalliance.org}}</ref>

===Colleges and universities===
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Indiana}}
The state's community college system, [[Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana]], serves nearly 200,000 students annually, making it the state's largest public post-secondary educational institution and the nation's largest singly accredited statewide community college system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ivy Tech Reports Record Enrollment |url=http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?id=49433 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017093819/http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?id=49433 |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |website=Insideindianabusiness.com}}</ref> In 2008, the Indiana University system agreed to shift most of its associate (2-year) degrees to the Ivy Tech Community College System.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 16, 2008 |title=Hoosier State Gets Coordinated |url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/05/16/indiana |access-date=March 21, 2014 |website=Inside Higher Ed}}</ref>

The largest non-community educational institution is [[Indiana University]], a multi-campus university system; its [[Indiana University Bloomington|flagship campus at Bloomington]] was endorsed as the Indiana Seminary in 1820. [[Indiana State University]] was established in Terre Haute as the state's [[Normal School]] in 1865. [[Purdue University]] was chartered in West Lafayette as the state's [[land-grant university]] in 1869 and is also now a multi-campus institution. The three other independent state universities are [[Vincennes University]] (founded in 1801 by the Indiana Territory), [[Ball State University]] (founded 1918 as the East Division of Indiana State), and the [[University of Southern Indiana]] (founded 1965 as the Evansville campus of Indiana State).

Many of Indiana's private colleges and universities are affiliated with religious organizations. The [[University of Notre Dame]], [[Marian University (Indiana)|Marian University]], and the [[University of Saint Francis (Indiana)|University of Saint Francis]] are [[Roman Catholic school]]s. Universities affiliated with Protestant denominations include [[Anderson University (Indiana)|Anderson University]], [[Butler University]], [[Huntington University (United States)|Huntington University]], [[Manchester University (Indiana)|Manchester University]], [[Indiana Wesleyan University]], [[Taylor University]], [[Franklin College (Indiana)|Franklin College]], [[Hanover College]], [[DePauw University]], [[Earlham College]], [[Valparaiso University]], the [[University of Indianapolis]],<ref name="ST"/> and the [[University of Evansville]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About UE |publisher=[[University of Evansville]] |url=http://www.evansville.edu/aboutue/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106123440/http://www.evansville.edu/aboutue/ |archive-date=January 6, 2010 }}</ref>

The state has several universities ranked among the best by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. The University of Notre Dame ranks among the top 20, Purdue University among the top 50, and Indiana University Bloomington among the top 100.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Notre Dame |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-notre-dame-1840}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Purdue University-West Lafayette |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/purdue-university-west-lafayette-1825}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana University-Bloomington |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/indiana-university-bloomington-1809}}</ref> The three former schools are all [[R1 institution|R1 Research Institutions]], along with [[Indiana University Indianapolis]] from the former [[Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IU Indianapolis earns R1 classification, solidifying place among top-tier US research universities |url=https://news.iu.edu/live/news/43862-iu-indianapolis-earns-r1-classification-solidifying-pl |access-date=May 2, 2025 |website=news.iu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Butler, Valparaiso, and the University of Evansville are ranked among the top ten in the Regional University Midwest Rankings. Purdue's engineering programs are ranked fourth in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023-2024 Best Engineering Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-engineering-schools/eng-rankings |access-date=November 24, 2023 |website=US News & World Report}}</ref> In addition, Taylor University is ranked first in the Regional College Midwest Rankings and [[Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology]] has been considered the nation's top undergraduate engineering school for 25 consecutive years.<ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities National University Ranking|Top National Universities|US News Best Colleges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521210513/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities |date=May 21, 2011 }}, [[U.S. News & World Report]], retrieved 2013-Aug-13</ref><ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-universities-midwest Regional University Midwest Rankings|Top Regional Universities Midwest|US News Best Colleges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029062714/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-universities-midwest |date=October 29, 2015 }}, [[U.S. News & World Report]], retrieved 2013-Aug-13</ref><ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-colleges-midwest Regional College Midwest Rankings|Top Regional Colleges Midwest|US News Best Colleges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130182816/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-colleges-midwest |date=January 30, 2013 }}, [[U.S. News & World Report]], retrieved 2013-Aug-13</ref><ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/engineering-no-doctorate Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs|Rankings|UsNews] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930205000/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/engineering-no-doctorate |date=September 30, 2016 }}, [[U.S. News & World Report]], retrieved 2013-Sept-17</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Survey Says: Rose-Hulman No. 1 in U.S. News' Engineering Rankings for 24th Straight Year |url=https://www.rose-hulman.edu/news/2022/the-survey-says-rose-hulman-number-one-in-us-news-engineering-rankings-for-24th-straight-year.html |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=www.rose-hulman.edu |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the University of Notre Dame had the [[List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment|seventh largest endowment]] among private postsecondary institutions in the U.S. (11th overall).

The state is also home to the largest [[Medical school in the United States|medical school]] system in the country (the [[Indiana University School of Medicine]]) and a smaller, [[Osteopathic medicine in the United States|osteopathic]] medical school (Marian University's [[Tom and Julie Wood College of Osteopathic Medicine]]). In addition, Indiana boasts one [[Veterinary medicine|veterinary medical]] school (the Purdue College of Veterinary Medicine), one [[optometry]] school (Indiana University School of Optometry), three [[pharmacy]] schools (the [[Purdue University College of Pharmacy|Purdue College of Pharmacy]], Butler College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, and the Manchester College of Pharmacy, Natural, and Health Sciences) and four [[law school]]s ([[Indiana University Maurer School of Law|IU Maurer School of Law]], [[Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law|IU McKinney School of Law]], [[Notre Dame Law School]], and [[Purdue Global Law School]]).

{{multiple image
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| image1 = Sample Gates, Indiana University Bloomington, 2010.jpg
| alt1 = Sample Gates on the Indiana University Bloomington campus
| caption1 = [[Indiana University Bloomington]]
| image2 = Engineering Fountain Purdue University 2016 02.jpg
| alt2 = Engineering Fountain on the Purdue University campus
| caption2 = [[Purdue University]] in West Lafayette
| image3 = Winter Dome.jpg
| alt3 = Main Building on the University of Notre Dame campus
| caption3 = [[University of Notre Dame]]
| header =
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==Sister jurisdictions==
Indiana has three official partner jurisdictions:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiamattersforamerica.org/asia/data/sister-partnerships |title=Sister Partnerships By US State – Indiana |publisher=East-West Center |access-date=August 16, 2024}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Zhejiang]], China (1987)
* {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Tochigi Prefecture]], Japan (1999)
* {{flagdeco|India}} [[Karnataka]], India (2017)

== See also ==
{{portal bar|Indiana|United States}}
* [[Index of Indiana-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Indiana]]
* [[List of people from Indiana]]
* [[USS Indiana|USS ''Indiana'']], 4 ships
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|author-last1=Bodenhamer|author-first1= David J.|author-last2=Barrows|author-first2= Robert Graham|author-last3=Vanderstel|author-first3= David Gordon|year=1994|publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press|isbn=978-0-253-31222-8}}
* {{Cite book|title=Indiana|author-last1=Brill|author-first1= Marlene Targ|year=2005|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=978-0-7614-2020-0}}
* {{Cite book| last =Carmony| first =Donald F.| title =Indiana, 1816 to 1850: The Pioneer Era| publisher =[[Indiana Historical Society]]| year =1998| location =Indianapolis| isbn =978-0-87195-124-3}}
* {{Cite book|title=Hoosiers in the Civil War|author-last1=Funk|author-first1= Arville L|year=1967|isbn=978-0-9623292-5-8|publisher=Adams Press}}
* {{Cite book|author-last1=Gray|author-first1= Ralph D|title=Gentlemen from Indiana: National Party Candidates,1836–1940| year=1977 |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Bureau]]|isbn=978-1-885323-29-3}}
* {{Cite book|title=Indiana History: A Book of Readings|author-last1=Gray|author-first1= Ralph D|year=1995|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-32629-4}}
* {{Cite book|title=Here is Your Indiana Government|year=2005|author=Indiana State Chamber of Commerce}}
* {{Cite book|title=Here is Your Indiana Government|year=2007|author=Indiana State Chamber of Commerce}}
* {{Cite book| author =Indiana Writer's Project| title =Indiana: A Guide To The Hoosier State|series=American Guide Series| date=1973 |orig-year =1937}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last =Jackson| editor-first =Marion T.| title =The Natural Heritage of Indiana| publisher=Indiana University Press| year =1997| location =Bloomington| isbn =978-0-253-33074-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=Handbook of Indiana Geology|author-last1=Logan|author-first1= William Newton|author-last2=Cumings|author-first2= Edgar Roscoe|author-last3=Malott|author-first3= Clyde Arnett|author-last4=Visher|author-first4= Stephen Sargent|author-last5=Tucker|author-first5= William Motier|author-last6=Reeves|author-first6= John Robert|year=1922|publisher=William B. Burford}}
* Madison, James H. ''Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana.'' Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014.
* {{Cite book| last = Madison| first =James H.| title =The Indiana Way: A State History| publisher=Indiana University Press and Indiana Historical Society| year =1990| location =Bloomington and Indianapolis| isbn =978-0-253-20609-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=A Century of Indiana|author-last1=Moore|author-first1= Edward E|year=1910|publisher=American Book Company}}
* {{Cite book|title=Indiana|editor=Pell|year=2003|publisher=Capstone Press|isbn=978-0-7368-1582-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/indianapell00pell}}
* {{Cite book | last =Skertic | first = Mark |author-first2=John J. |author-last2=Watkins | title=A Native's Guide to Northwest Indiana| year = 2003}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last =Taylor| editor-first =Robert M.| title =Indiana: A New Historical Guide| publisher=Indiana Historical Society| year = 1990| location =Indianapolis| isbn=978-0-87195-048-2}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last = Taylor| editor-first = Robert M.| title =The State of Indiana History 2000: Papers Presented at the Indiana Historical Society's Grand Opening| publisher =Indiana Historical Society| year =2001| location = Indianapolis}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|auto=1}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/const/articles/001/ Indiana Constitution]
* [https://www.visitindiana.com/ Indiana Travel and Tourism Information]
* [https://archive.today/20121213061908/http://www.in.gov/dnr/2329.htm Indiana State Parks]
* [https://guides.loc.gov/indiana-state-guide Indiana State Guide, from the Library of Congress]
* {{OSM relation|161816}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Louisiana]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union]]|years=Admitted on December 11, 1816 (19th)}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mississippi]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Geographic location
| Northwest = [[Lake Michigan]]
| North = {{flag|Michigan}}
| Northeast =
| West = {{flag|Illinois}}
| Centre = '' Indiana'': [[Outline of Indiana|Outline]] • [[Index of Indiana-related articles|Index]]
| East = {{flag|Ohio}}
| Southwest =
| South = {{flag|Kentucky}}
| Southeast =
}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Topics related to Indiana{{break}}''The Hoosier State''
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{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Midwestern United States]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1816]]
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:1816 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Contiguous United States]]

Ram Abdullah Antony

2026-03-25T22:17:43Z

BabulHossainjoy: started entry...

{{Short description|2025 Tamil film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ram Abdullah Antony.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Jayavel
| writer = Jayavel
| producer = T. S. Clement Suresh
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Poovaiyar]]
*Ajay Arnold
*Arjun
*[[Soundararaja]]
}}
| cinematography = L. K. Vijay
| editing = Vinoth Sivakumar
| music = T. R. Krishna Chetan
| studio = Annai Vailankanni Studio
| released = {{Film date|2025|10|31|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Ram Abdullah Antony''''' is Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language thriller film written and directed by Jayavel in his debut directorial,<ref>{{Cite web |last=DIN |date=2025-05-30 |title=நாயகனான பூவையார்..! முதல்பார்வை போஸ்டர் ரிலீஸ்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/May/30/super-singer-poovaiyar-as-hero-ram-abdullah-antony |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}</ref> starring [[Super Singer Junior]] fame Poovaiyar in his debut as the lead actor,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Super Singer fame Poovaiyar to play lead role in Ram Abdullah Antony |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/super-singer-fame-poovaiyar-to-play-lead-role-in-ram-abdullah-antony-835442 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> alongside Ajay Arnold, Arjun, [[Soundararaja]], [[Sai Dheena]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] and others important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-10-08 |title="ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி" படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் அப்டேட் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/trailer-update-of-the-movie-ram-abdullah-antony-1183719 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> The film is produced by T. S. Clement Suresh making his maiden production under his Annai Vailankanni Studio.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2025 |title='ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி'யில் கான்ஸ்டபிளாக சவுந்தரராஜா! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1379178-actor-soundararaja-as-police-in-ram-abdullah-antony.html |access-date=9 October 2025 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film was in post-production phase during its announcement in late-May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-05-30 |title="ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி" படத்தின் பர்ஸ்ட் லுக் போஸ்டர் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/super-singer-poovaiyar-as-hero-ram-abdullah-antony-1160520 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> The film has music composed by T. R. Krishna Chetan, cinematography done by L. K. Vijay<ref>{{Cite web |title=மாணவர்களின் கதை ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cinema/student-story-ram-abdullah-antony/ |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Kollywood News {{!}} Kollywood Images - Cinema.dinakaran.com |language=ta-IN}}</ref> and editing done by Vinoth Sivakumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-10 |title=Ram Abdullah Antony trailer: Poovaiyar and his friends commit the perfect gruesome murder |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/10/ram-abdullah-antony-trailer-poovaiyar-and-his-friends-commit-the-perfect-gruesome-murder |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

''Ram Abdullah October'' released in theatres on 31 October 2025 to negative reviews

== Cast ==

* [[Poovaiyar]]
* Ajay Arnold
* Arjun
* [[Soundararaja]]
* Pooja Pradyut
* [[Sai Dheena]]
* [[Vela Ramamoorthy]]
* [[Java Sundaresan]]
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay]]
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]]
* Biggboss Arnav
* [[Vanitha Vijayakumar]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tamil |first=Hindu |date=2025-05-31 |title='சூப்பர் சிங்கர்' பூவையார் கதை நாயகனாகும் 'ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி'! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1363670-super-singer-poovaiyar-acting-as-hero-in-ram-abdullah-antony.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712161152/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1363670-super-singer-poovaiyar-acting-as-hero-in-ram-abdullah-antony.html |archive-date=2025-07-12 |access-date=2025-10-09 |work=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Ram Abdullah Antony'' released in theatres on 31 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-10-09 |title="Ram Abdullah Antony" film trailer Out {{!}} "ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி" படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் வெளியானது |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/ram-abdullah-antony-film-trailer-out-1183939 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Daily Thanthi |language=ta}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Dinamalar]]'' gave 2.75 stars<ref>{{Cite web |title=ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி - விமர்சனம் {2.75/5} : ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி : 'தம்'க்கு எதிரான நல்ல கரு. ஆனா, வீரியம் குறைவு - Ram Abdullah Antony |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3674/Ram-Abdullah-Antony/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=cinema.dinamalar.com |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maalaimalar |date=2025-10-31 |title=ராம் அப்துல்லா ஆண்டனி திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} Ram Abdullah Antony Review in tamil |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ram-abdullah-antony-164592 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt38638874}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Waste management in India

2026-03-24T19:57:50Z

BabulHossainjoy: created the stub added tags - done

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 240
| footer = India relies on large scale landfills and the informal sector to help address its growing waste management challenges
| image1 = City Garbage Dump - Dhapa - Kolkata 2010-08-06 7017 (cropped).JPG
| alt1 = Kolkata landfill
| caption1 = Solid Waste Disposal Ground in Kolkata
| image2 = India (4128563988).jpg
| alt2 = Recycler
| caption2 =
}}
'''[[Waste management]] in [[India]] '''falls under the purview of the Union [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] (MoEF&CC). In 2016, this ministry released the Solid Wastage Management (SWM) Rules, which replaced by the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, and 2000 of which had been in place for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/solid-waste-management-rules-2016/|title=Solid waste management rules, 2016|date=2017-09-15|website=Civilsdaily|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref> This national policy plays a significant role in the acknowledgment and inclusion of the informal sector ([[waste pickers]]) into the waste management process for the first time.

India generates {{convert|62|e6t}} of waste each year. About 43 million tonnes (70%) are collected, of which about 12 million tonnes are treated, and 31 million tonnes are dumped in [[landfill]] sites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/solid-waste-management-rules-2016/|title=Solid waste management rules, 2016|date=2017-09-15|website=Civilsdaily|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref name="downtoearth.org.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/waste/solid-waste-management-rules-2016-53443|title=Government notifies new solid waste management rules|website=www.downtoearth.org.in/|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref>

[[File:Litter on farmland.jpg|thumb|Farmland in [[Uttar Pradesh]] polluted by littering]]

With changing [[consumption pattern]]s and rapid [[economic growth]], it is estimated that urban [[municipal solid waste]] generation will increase to 165 million tonnes in 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138591|title='Solid Waste Management Rules Revised After 16 Years; Rules Now Extend to Urban and Industrial Areas': Javadekar|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/427824/solid-waste-management-rules-2016/|title=Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 - India Environment Portal {{!}} News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development {{!}} India, South Asia|website=www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iascurrent.com/municipal-solid-waste-management-mswm/|title=Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management - IAS prep - Sept 2017 update|last=admin|date=2017-05-06|website=iascurrent.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref>

== Littering Culture ==

Littering remains a deeply entrenched challenge in India. The country produces roughly 65 million tonnes of waste annually, yet about 80% goes unrecycled or untreated, with much of it ending up in open dumps or overflowing landfills.<ref>https://bharatnama.substack.com/p/11-indias-waste-crisis-why-80-of</ref> According to government data presented in India's parliament, approximately 40% of plastic waste remains uncollected and ends up littered on streets.<ref>https://www.downtoearth.org.in/waste/40-plastic-waste-littered-on-india-s-streets-javadekar-in-lok-sabha-67887</ref> The problem has deep historical roots, traditional biodegradable materials like leaves and clay have been replaced by non-biodegradable plastics due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, while waste management infrastructure and public awareness have failed to keep pace.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/littering-india-deep-rooted-habit-growing-consequences-aiswarya-k-l/</ref> The consequences are far-reaching: plastic waste clogs urban drainage systems and contributes to flooding, while an estimated 80% of marine litter along India's coastlines consists of plastic.<ref>https://www.plasticsforchange.org/blog/india-emerges-as-the-worlds-largest-plastic-polluter-what-went-wrong-and-whats-next</ref>

== Municipal Solid Waste Management ==
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India involves the systematic handling of waste from generation to disposal, including segregation, collection, transportation, processing, and final disposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Central Pollution Control Board |url=https://cpcb.nic.in/}}</ref>
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are primarily responsible for municipal solid waste management in India, including collection, transportation, processing, and disposal within their jurisdictions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |url=https://mohua.gov.in/}}</ref>

== Household waste generation and composition ==
[[File:Hills have eyes use us.jpg|thumb|Small-town waste separation initiative in Idukki District, Kerala]]

Solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem for many urban local bodies (ULBs) in India, where [[urbanization]], [[industrialization]], and economic growth have resulted in increased [[municipal solid waste]] (MSW) generation per person. Effective SWM is a major challenge in cities with high population density.

Achieving sustainable development within a country experiencing rapid population growth and improvements in living standards is made more difficult in India because it is a diverse country with many different religious groups, cultures, and traditions.

Despite development in social, economic and environmental areas, SWM systems in India have remained relatively unchanged. The informal sector has a key role in extracting value from waste, with approximately 90% of residual waste currently dumped rather than properly landfilled. There is an urgent need to move to more sustainable SWM, which requires new management systems and waste management facilities. Current SWM systems are inefficient, with waste having a negative impact on public health, the environment, and the economy. Despite policy interventions, challenges remain in ensuring effective segregation at source, improving processing capacity, and reducing dependence on landfills across urban areas.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Challenges in Waste Management in India}}</ref>. The Waste Management and Handling Rules in India were introduced by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), yet, compliance is variable and limited.<ref name="Kumar Smith Fowler Velis 2017 p. 160764">{{cite journal | last=Kumar | first=Sunil | last2=Smith | first2=Stephen R. | last3=Fowler | first3=Geoff | last4=Velis | first4=Costas | last5=Kumar | first5=S. Jyoti | last6=Arya | first6=Shashi | last7=Kumar | first7=Rakesh | last8=Cheeseman | first8=Christopher | title=Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management in India | journal=Royal Society Open Science | publisher=The Royal Society | volume=4 | issue=3 | year=2017 | issn=2054-5703 | doi=10.1098/rsos.160764 | article-number=160764| doi-access=free | pmc=5383819 }}</ref>

== E-waste in India ==
{{main|Electronic waste in India}}
[[File:Waste collection truck.jpg|thumb|Waste collection truck in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]]]
The global [[e-waste]] monitor, a collaboration between the [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) and the [[United Nations University]], estimated that India generated 1.975 million tonnes of e-waste in 2016 or approximately 1.5 kg of e-waste per capita.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalewaste.org/countrystatistics/india-2016/|title=India – 2016|website=E-Waste|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-25|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090815/https://globalewaste.org/countrystatistics/india-2016/}}</ref>

The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry ([[ASSOCHAM]]) stated rapid economic growth and changing [[consumer behaviour]] was likely to increase e-waste generation in India to 5.2 million tonnes per year by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indias-e-waste-to-touch-5-2-mmt-by-2020-assocham-ey-study/articleshow/68240340.cms|title=India's e-waste to touch 5.2 MMT by 2020: ASSOCHAM-EY study - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/business/in-other-news/030319/india-to-generate-over-5-million-tonnes-of-e-waste-next-year-assocham-ey-study.html|title=India to generate over 5 million tonnes of e-waste next year: ASSOCHAM-EY study|date=2019-03-03|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref>

== Solid Waste Management Rules ==

Solid Waste Management Rules were inaugurated in 2016. Highlights include:
[[File:Sign. Mahabalipuram.jpg|thumb|Waste not the Waste - sign. [[Mahabalipuram]], Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Waste segregation]] at source is mandatory. Households are required to separate waste into three streams – Organic or [[biodegradable]] waste, dry waste (such as plastic, paper, metal, and wood), and domestic [[hazardous waste]] (diapers, napkins, mosquito repellents, cleaning agents). Further, bulk waste generators such as hotels and hospitals are expected to treat organic waste either onsite or by collaborating with the urban local body.<ref name="downtoearth.org.in"/>
* Municipalities and urban local bodies have been directed to include informal [[waste picker]]s and rag pickers into their waste management process. This is the first time that national policy has acknowledged and included the informal sector into the waste management process. India has over 1.5 million subsistence informal waste pickers and including them into the formal waste management system represents an opportunity for urban local bodies to streamline their operations, while provide the waste pickers with better income opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dandapani|first=Swetha|date=30 November 2017|title=Unpaid and undervalued, how India's waste pickers fight apathy to keep our cities clean|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oppressed-and-unrecognised-life-waste-pickers-crucial-india-s-sanitation-72426|access-date=2019-03-26|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiego.org/publications/mainstreaming-waste-pickers-and-informal-recycling-sector-municipal-solid-waste|title=Mainstreaming Waste Pickers and the Informal Recycling Sector|author=Bharati Chaturvedi}}</ref>
* Manufacturers of fast-moving consumer goods [[FMCG]] that use non-biodegradable packaging are required to put in place a system to collect the [[packaging waste]] generated due to their production.<ref name="downtoearth.org.in"/>
* Urban local bodies have been given a provision to charge bulk generators a user fee to collect and process their waste. Additionally, spot fines may be levied on people burning garbage or discarding it in public places.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/10-things-that-you-need-to-know-about-solid-waste-management-rules-2016-24292|title=10 Things That You Need To Know About Solid Waste Management Rules 2016|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref>
* No non-recyclable waste having a [[calorific value]] of 1,500 Kcal/kg or more is permitted in landfills. These wastes should either be utilized for generating energy or for preparing [[Refuse-derived fuel|refuse derived fuel]]. It may also be used for [[co-processing]] in cement or thermal power plants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachh-india-guide-solid-waste-management-rules-2016-6253/|title=Swachh India: Guide To Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 {{!}} Waste Management|date=2017-04-17|website=NDTV-Dettol Banega Swachh India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref>

== City-based initiatives ==

In 2014 India inaugurated the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]], a five-year nationwide cleanup effort. Before this national consolidated effort for systematic and total waste management came into common consciousness, many cities and towns in India had already launched individual efforts directed at municipal waste collection of segregated waste, either based on citizen activism and/or municipal efforts to set up sustainable systems.

Some examples are Swach based in [[Pune]] (formed in 1993),<ref>[https://swachcoop.com Swach Co-op]</ref> [[Warangal|Clean Cities Championship in Warangal]], [[Alappuzha|''Nirmal Bhavanam, Nirmal Nagaram'' or Clean Homes, Clean City in Alappuzha]], [[Gangtok|Engage 14 campaign in Gangtok]], [[Bobbili|Zero Waste in Bobbili, Andhra Pradesh]], [[Mysore|Waste Management in Mysore]] and [[Bangalore|Solid Waste Management Round Table, Bangalore]] (formed in 2009).<ref>{{Cite web|title=SWMRT – Solid Waste Management Round Table|url=http://swmrt.com/|access-date=2020-08-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Bangalore's [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] was directed by the High Court of [[Karnataka]] to implement mandatory segregation of municipal waste at the household level before collection – a first for the country.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff Reporter|date=2012-08-01|title=High Court notice to government on segregation of waste at source|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/high-court-notice-to-government-on-segregation-of-waste-at-source/article3708796.ece|access-date=2020-08-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is a representation of citizen-based activism at a local level, and the litigation was led by notable activists such as [[Almitra Patel]] and [[Nalini Shekar]]. Following this High Court ruling, other cities in India have followed suit to make segregation of municipal waste mandatory at the generator level, [[Mumbai]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Vijay V.|date=6 December 2016|title=Soon, segregation of dry and wet waste will be compulsory all housing societies|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Soon-segregation-of-dry-and-wet-waste-will-be-compulsory-all-housing-societies/articleshow/55820318.cms|access-date=2020-08-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> in typical. As per the Swachh Survekshan 2020 (Clean Survey, released in August, 2020) of the Govt. of India, the order of top 20 cleanest cities, with name of the respective state in parentheses, in India are as follows: 1. Indore (Madhya Pradesh) for the fourth consecutive year, 2. Surat (Gujarat), 3. Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra), 4. Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh), 5. Mysuru (Karnataka), 6. Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh), 7. Ahmedabad (Gujarat), 8. New Delhi (Delhi), 9. Chandrapur (Maharashtra), 10. Khargone (Madhya Pradesh), 11. Rajkot (Gujarat), 12. Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), 13. Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), 14. Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), 15. Gandhinagar (Gujarat), 16. Chandigarh (Union Territory), 17. Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), 18. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh), 19. Nashik (Maharashtra) and 20. Raigarh (Chhattisgarh).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reddy|first=Dhana Raju|year=2021|title=Waste Management in India – An Overview|url=https://uijrt.com/articles/v2/i7/UIJRTV2I70022.pdf|journal=United International Journal for Research & Technology|language=English|volume=02|issue=7|pages=175–196|issn=2582-6832}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State !! City !! Initiative Name<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Transforming Urban Landscapes of India|url=http://164.100.228.143:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/SBM%20Coffee%20Table%20Book_Final.pdf|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Government of India}}</ref>
!Implementing Agency
|-
|[[Ladakh|Ladakh (UT)]]||[[Leh]]|| Project Tsangda
|Rural Development Department<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]||[[Durg]]|| -
|Municipal Corporation<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]||[[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]]|| -
|Municipal Corporation<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Karnataka]]||[[Mysore|Mysuru]]|| -
|City Corporation<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]||[[Navi Mumbai]]|| -
|[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]||[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]|| -
|Municipal Corporation<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Karnataka]]||[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]|| -
|[[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]||[[Indore]]|| -
|[[Indore Municipal Corporation]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]||[[Pune]]|| -
|[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]
|Bettahalasur Project
|TAICT<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-24|title=How a German and a Philosophy Student Transformed this Village Near Bengaluru|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/113094/waste-management-bengaluru-village-recycling/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=The Better India|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Madurai district|Madurai]]
|[[T.Kallupatti|T Kallupatti]]
|[[Town panchayat]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/t-kallupatti-first-local-body-to-receive-iso-certification/article18075153.ece|title=T. Kallupatti, first local body to receive ISO certification|last=B.a|first=Pon Vasanth|date=2017-04-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-01-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|Kolkata Solid Waste Management Improvement Project
|[[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/78610/uttarpara-west-bengal-solid-waste-management-system/|title=A Small Town in West Bengal Helped Kolkata Win a Global Award for Waste Management|date=2016-12-19|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-tiny-town-in-west-bengal-is-turning-waste-into-piles-of-wealth/story-wDI7lRq4JCcd8o7fobQeKJ.html|title=A tiny town in West Bengal is turning waste into piles of wealth|date=2016-12-13|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref>
|}

== Information technology (IT) initiatives ==

[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|MoEFCC]] launched a web based application in 2016 to track and monitor waste management in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in|title=/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145110|date=9 May 2016|website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref> The application, ''Integrated Waste Management System'', collects information and assists in coordinating waste generators, recyclers, operators of disposal facilities and state agencies.  

Recent developments include the adoption of digital waste management systems for tracking waste generation, collection, and processing, improving transparency and regulatory compliance across cities.<ref>{{cite web |title=MoEFCC Waste Tracking System |url=https://mohua.gov.in/}}</ref>

== Public-private partnership initiatives ==

[[Public-private partnership]]s (PPP) have been promoted by the Government of India for improving waste management services,<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2009 |title=Position paper on The Solid Waste Management sector in India |publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of India |agency=Department of Economic Affairs |url=http://environmentportal.in/files/ppp_position_paper_solid_waste_mgmt.pdf |via=environmentportal.in/content/308715/position-paper-on-the-solid-waste-management-sector-in-india/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Rajkumar |last2=Ahmed |first2=Sirajuddin |last3=Ng |first3=Carla Aparecida |title=Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: A review |journal=Cogent Environmental Science |date=19 February 2016 |volume=2 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311843.2016.1139434|doi-access=free }}</ref> yet, have remained problematic. The challenges of improving solid waste management services in India are caused by lack of financial resources, lack of appropriate skills and technological competencies with the [[public sector]]. Governments have started to explore PPPs as an alternative.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devkar |first1=Ganesh A. |last2=Mahalingam |first2=Ashwin |last3=Kalidindi |first3=Satyanarayana N. |title=Competencies and urban Public-Private Partnership projects in India: A case study analysis |journal=Policy and Society |date=3 March 2017 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=125–142 |doi=10.1016/j.polsoc.2013.05.001|s2cid=155072781 }}</ref> The progress and improvement achieved remained low. Research on this has suggested recommendations in accordance with some issues uncovered.<ref name="Factors affecting public-private pa">{{cite journal |last1=Dolla |first1=Tharun |last2=Laishram |first2=Boeing |title=Factors affecting public-private partnership preference in Indian municipal waste sector |journal=International Journal of Construction Management |date=20 December 2019 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=567–584 |doi=10.1080/15623599.2019.1703085|s2cid=213509856 }}</ref> For example, PPP in MSW is considered immature, yet, high pre-qualification requirements were established.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dolla |first1=Tharun |last2=Laishram |first2=Boeing |title=Prequalification in municipal solid waste management public-private partnerships of India |journal=Construction Economics and Building |date=8 May 2019 |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.5130/AJCEB.v19i1.6431|doi-access=free }}</ref> The urban local bodies (ULBs) found difficulties in defining an appropriate scope for some PPP projects.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dolla |first1=Tharun |last2=Laishram |first2=Boeing |title=Bundling in public-private partnership projects – a conceptual framework |journal=International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management |date=22 November 2019 |volume=69 |issue=6 |pages=1177–1203 |doi=10.1108/IJPPM-02-2019-0086|s2cid=214533076 }}</ref> The specific issue encounters include a dire need of services are the primary reason behind opting for PPP mode;<ref name="Factors affecting public-private pa"/> the perception that PPP gives greater benefit to the public; third and interconnected: PPPs avoid financial stress on the public sector; and fourth, PPPs are thought to constrain transaction costs and give value for the money invested. The research also revealed some serious negative issues that have crept-in while using PPP mode.<ref name="Factors affecting public-private pa"/> They are often procured in an incompetent manner, and as opposed to the expectation, they have resulted in high transaction costs and ineffective projects. The [[private sector]] appeared to be exploiting the sector without any beneficial projects.<ref name="Factors affecting public-private pa"/>

== See also ==
* [[Environment of India]]
* [[Ghazipur landfill]]
* [[Bhalswa landfill]]
* [[Pirana Landfill]]
* [[Bandhwari Landfill]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Landfills in india}}
{{Waste}}

[[Category:Waste management in India| ]]

Dharmendra

2026-03-24T13:12:20Z

BabulHossainjoy: small changes

{{Short description|Indian actor and politician (1935–2025)}}
{{About|the Indian actor|other uses|}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dharmendra
| image = Shri Dharmendra Deol on April 04, 2012.jpg
| caption = Dharmendra in 2012
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 13 May 2004
| term_end = 16 May 2009
| predecessor = [[Rameshwar Lal Dudi]]
| successor = [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
| constituency = [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner, Rajasthan]]
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|12|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nasrali]], Punjab, British India (present-day [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2025|11|24|1935|12|08|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| citizenship = [[British Raj|British Indian]] (1935–1947) [[India]]n (1947–2025)
| other_names =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2004–2009)
| spouse = {{ublist|{{marriage|Prakash Kaur|1954}}|{{marriage|[[Hema Malini]]|1980}}}}
| children = 6, including [[Sunny Deol|Sunny]], [[Bobby Deol|Bobby]] and [[Esha Deol|Esha]]
| relatives = See [[List of Hindi film families#Deol family|Deol family]]
| alma_mater = Ramgarhia College, [[Phagwara]] [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|politician}}
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2026) [[Padma Bhushan]] (2012)
| signature = Autograph Dharmendra.svg
| nickname = {{hlist|''He-Man''|''Garam Dharam''}}
| width =
}}

'''Dharmendra'''{{efn|His full name at birth is disputed between Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol and Dharam Singh Deol. According to his affidavit and ''[[The New York Times]]'' his birth name is Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol.<ref name="Affidavit"/><ref name=NYTobit/> However according to the [[BBC]], his father gave him the name Dharam Singh Deol.<ref name="BBC_24Nov2025"/>}} (8 December 1935 – 24 November 2025) was an Indian actor, producer and politician, primarily known for his work in [[Hindi]] films. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most commercially successful actors in the history of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Multiref2
| 1 = [https://archive.today/20250502013833/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/dharmendras-toi-archives-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/20148582.cms Dharmendra's TOI Archives - 100 Years of Indian Cinema]. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 20 May 2013. Archived from the [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/dharmendras-toi-archives-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/20148582.cms original] on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
| 2 = [https://archive.today/20250502014141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-dharmendra-was-compared-to-a-hollywood-star-who-he-didn-t-recognise-uski-picture-hi-nahi-dekhi-thi-101642923670930.html When Dharmendra was compared to a Hollywood star who he didn't recognise: 'Uski picture hi nahi dekhi thi']. ''[[Hindustan Times]]''. 23 January 2022. Archived from the [https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-dharmendra-was-compared-to-a-hollywood-star-who-he-didn-t-recognise-uski-picture-hi-nahi-dekhi-thi-101642923670930.html original] on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
| 3 = [https://archive.today/20250502014513/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-most-handsome-actor-in-bollywood-arjun-rampal/ Dharmendra most handsome actor in Bollywood: Arjun Rampal]. ''[[The Indian Express]]''. 16 June 2015. Archived from [https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-most-handsome-actor-in-bollywood-arjun-rampal/ original] on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
| 4 = [https://archive.today/20250502014806/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-dharmendra-the-most-handsome-person-612103 Madhuri Dixit: Dharmendra the most handsome person]. ''[[NDTV]]''. 28 May 2013. Archived from [https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-dharmendra-the-most-handsome-person-612103 original] on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
| 5 = [https://archive.today/20250502015059/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-shares-video-of-salman-khan-calling-him-icon-most-beautiful-looking-man-7625556/ Salman Khan calls Dharmendra ‘the most beautiful looking man’]. ''[[The Indian Express]]''. 16 November 2021. Archived from [https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-shares-video-of-salman-khan-calling-him-icon-most-beautiful-looking-man-7625556/ original] on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
}}</ref> In a career spanning 65 years, he worked in [[Dharmendra filmography|over 300 films]], holding the record for starring in the highest number of hit films in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name="BBC_24Nov2025"/>

Born in [[Nasrali]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], Dharmendra made his debut in 1960 with ''[[Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Joshi |first=Sumit |title=Bollywood Through Ages |publisher=Best Book Reads |isbn=9781311676696 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQWCgAAQBAJ&q=Arjun+Hingorani&pg=PT65}}</ref> He first gained popularity in the mid-1960s, for films such as ''[[Ayee Milan Ki Bela]]'', ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' and ''[[Aaye Din Bahar Ke]]''. He achieved greater stardom in later years, being dubbed India's "He-Man" for several of his on-screen roles in Hindi films.<ref name="FC_Dec2022">{{cite web |last=Vaidya |first=Saaya |date=8 December 2022 |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/indepth-stories/dharmendra-bollywoods-dreamboat |title=Dharmendra, Bollywood's Dreamboat |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126143630/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/indepth-stories/dharmendra-bollywoods-dreamboat |url-status=live |work=Film Companion |access-date=9 October 2024}}</ref> He consistently starred in several successful Hindi films from the late-1960s to the 1980s, such as ''[[Ankhen (1968 film)|Ankhen]]'', ''[[Shikar (1968 film)|Shikar]]'', ''[[Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke]]'', ''[[Jeevan Mrityu]]'', ''[[Mera Gaon Mera Desh]]'', ''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]'', ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]'', ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'', ''[[Dost (1974 film)|Dost]]'', ''[[Sholay]]'', ''[[Pratigya (1975 film)|Pratiggya]]'', ''[[Charas (1976 film)|Charas]]'', ''[[Dharam Veer (film)|Dharam Veer]]'', ''[[Chacha Bhatija]]'', ''[[Ghulami]]'', ''[[Hukumat]]'', ''[[Aag Hi Aag]]'', ''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]'' and ''[[Tahalka]]''.<ref name="Rewinds">{{Cite news|title=Rewind - Sixty Years Of Dharmendra|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6104|work=Box Office India|language=en|date=24 November 2020|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712182139/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6104|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> Some of his critically acclaimed performances include ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'', ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]'', ''[[Anupama (1966 film)|Anupama]]'', ''[[Mamta (1966 film)|Mamta]]'', ''[[Devar]]'', ''[[Satyakam]]'', ''[[Naya Zamana]]'', ''[[Samadhi (1972 film)|Samadhi]]'', ''[[Black Mail (1973 film)|Black Mail]]'', ''[[Resham Ki Dori]]'', ''[[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]]'', ''[[Dillagi (1978 film)|Dillagi]]'', ''[[The Burning Train]]'', ''[[Ghazab]]'' and ''[[Hathyar (1989 film)|Hathyar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jun/24dinesh.htm|title=All muscle, all heart: Dharmendra|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=12 August 2023|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304131225/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jun/24dinesh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/dharmendra-turns-88-from-anupama-to-sholay-10-films-that-define-his-timeless-legacy/phool-aur-patthar-1966-action-hero-emerges/slideshow/105832972.cms|title=Dharmendra Turns 88: From 'Anupama' To 'Sholay', 10 Films That Define His Timeless Legacy|date=8 December 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318204258/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/dharmendra-turns-88-from-anupama-to-sholay-10-films-that-define-his-timeless-legacy/phool-aur-patthar-1966-action-hero-emerges/slideshow/105832972.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Beginning in the late 1990s, he appeared in [[character roles]] in several successful and acclaimed films, such as ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'', ''[[Apne]]'', ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]'', ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'', ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]'' and ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=1|title=Dharmendra (Filmography)|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=19 March 2024|archive-date=19 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319060248/https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CNN-IBN">{{cite web |title=Review: Johnny Gaddaar is a delicious thriller |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-johnny-gaddaar-is-a-delicious-thriller/49544-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415162514/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-johnny-gaddaar-is-a-delicious-thriller/49544-8.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 April 2009|date=29 September 2007 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref><ref name="BOI_Rocky Aur Rani">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7962|title=Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahaani Emerges HIT Due to Overseas|website=Box Office India|access-date=24 August 2023|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824075755/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7962|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, he received the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]] for his contributions to [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]]. He was a member of the [[15th Lok Sabha]] of [[India]], representing the [[Bikaner]] constituency in [[Rajasthan]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|title=Padma Awards|publisher=pib|date=27 January 2013|access-date=16 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524145714/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|archive-date=24 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The patriarch of the [[List of Hindi film families#Deol family|Deol family]], Dharmendra's private life received much attention, particularly his marriages to Prakash Kaur and actress [[Hema Malini]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sampada |date=24 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra married Hema Malini despite being father of four and married to Prakash Kaur; Meena Kumari was 'crazy in love' with him |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-married-hema-malini-father-of-four-prakash-kaur-love-story-meena-kumari-10358647/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref> For his contributions to the arts, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2012 and was later posthumously awarded [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2026.

==Early life and education==
[[File:Dharmendra with father.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Dharmendra with his father, Kewal Krishan]]
Dharmendra was born in [[Nasrali]], a village in [[Ludhiana district]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]], on 8 December 1935 as the second child of <ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |date=18 November 2013 |title=Dharmendra unplugged |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/dharmendra-unplugged/story-MlrFAqdNcseLJAw8TvGWLM.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref> Kewal Krishan<ref name="Affidavit"/> and Satwant Kaur,<ref>{{cite news|title=Dharmendra talks about his mother Satwant Kaur: She wanted me to learn how to manage money|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/dharmendra-talks-about-his-mother-satwant-kaur-she-wanted-me-to-learn-how-to-manage-money-28517|date=21 January 2020|newspaper=The Tribune|archive-date=27 January 2024|access-date=15 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127215948/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/dharmendra-talks-about-his-mother-satwant-kaur-she-wanted-me-to-learn-how-to-manage-money-28517|url-status=live}}</ref> and was born into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Jat]] family. He had an elder sister, Harminder Kaur and a younger brother, Ajit Singh Deol.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2013 |title=Dharmendra pained to see Punjabi girls hitting the bottle |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/dharmendra-pained-to-see-punjabi-girls-hitting-the-bottle/articleshow/25572225.cms |newspaper=Times of India |quote=Bollywood superstar Dharmendra said as a Punjabi he is pained to hear that even girls in the state are now hitting the bottle.}}</ref><ref name="ArabNews_Religion"/><ref name="farm">{{cite news |last1=Kashyap |first1=Archita |title=I am a farmer's son: Dharmendra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/i-am-a-farmers-son-dharmendra/article7361469.ece |access-date=3 November 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=27 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103093244/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/i-am-a-farmers-son-dharmendra/article7361469.ece|quote=I am a Jat. Jats love their land and their farms. I spend most of my time in my farmhouse at Lonavla these days.|archive-date=3 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> His ancestral village is [[Dangon]] in Ludhiana district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dharmendra nostalgic on visiting Dangon|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131106/ldh1.htm#8|date=6 November 2013|work=Ludhiana Tribune|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110402/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131106/ldh1.htm#8|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="farm"/> His full name at birth is disputed between Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol,<ref name="Affidavit">{{cite web |title=Affidavit - Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Affidavits_pc/2/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN_SC1.html |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |access-date=15 August 2023 |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015101137/https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Affidavits_pc/2/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN_SC1.html |archive-date=15 October 2014 |date=1996}}</ref><ref name=NYTobit/> Dharam Singh Deol<ref name="BBC_24Nov2025"/> and Dharmendra Singh Deol.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dharmendra Biography: Check Education, Career, Net Worth, and Awards|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/dharmendra-biography-education-career-net-worth-and-awards-1820003963-1|website=Jagranjosh.com|date=24 November 2025|access-date=27 November 2025|language=en}}</ref>

He spent his early life in the village of [[Sahnewal]] and studied at Government Senior Secondary School at [[Lalton Kalan]], Ludhiana district, where his father was the village school headmaster.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sumbly|first=Vimal|title=From Ludhiana to Bikaner in support of Dharmendra|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040503/ldh1.htm#2|date=2 May 2004|work=Ludhiana Tribune|access-date=16 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181855/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040503/ldh1.htm#2|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He did his matriculation in [[Phagwara]] in 1952.<ref>{{cite web|title=Affidavit|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Affidavits_pc/2/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN_SC5.html|work=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan|access-date=16 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123615/http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Affidavits_pc/2/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN/DEOL%20DHARMENDRA%20KEWAL%20KRISHAN_SC5.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==

===1960–1969: Early career and rise to prominence===
Dharmendra initially travelled to [[Mumbai]] without any clear pathway into the film industry and returned home in [[Punjab]] after failing to secure work, taking up employment with a drilling company. He later reapplied himself to acting after seeing an advertisement for the ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine talent hunt, for which he returned to Mumbai and was placed second (the winner, Suresh Puri, subsequently faded from public view). Despite this early recognition, he continued to face professional difficulties and reportedly considered leaving Mumbai again until he was persuaded to stay by fellow aspiring actor [[Manoj Kumar]].<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |date=24 November 2025 |title=The rugged and tender charms of movie legend Dharmendra (1935–2025) |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1088435/the-rugged-and-tender-charms-of-movie-legend-dharmendra-1935-2025 |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> He later made his film debut in 1960 with [[Arjun Hingorani]]'s [[Romance film|romantic drama]] ''[[Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere]]''.<ref name="Express2">{{cite web|title=Dharmendra – Action King: Romantic hero|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/pictureStory.php?galId=1101&pg=1&view=1|work=The Indian Express|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article868667.ece|title=My First Break: Dharmendra|author=Ranjana Das Gupta|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 November 2010|access-date=8 December 2011|location=Chennai, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204212734/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article868667.ece|archive-date=4 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The film largely went unnoticed and as a result, did not perform that well at the box office.<ref name="Rewinds"/> He saw his first commercial success in 1961 with [[Ramesh Saigal]]'s ''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]'' and followed it with hits, such as [[Mohan Kumar (director)|Mohan Kumar]]'s ''[[Anpadh]]'' (1962) and [[Bimal Roy]]'s ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963), which won [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=167&catName=MTk2MQ==|title=Box Office 1961|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207075740/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=167&catName=MTk2MQ== |archive-date=7 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="BOI">{{Cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg==|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021831/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg%3D%3D|url-status=dead|title=BoxOffice India.com|archivedate=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=International film prizes: an encyclopedia|author=Tad Bentley Hammer|publisher=Garland|year=1991|isbn=0-8240-7099-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalfil00hamm/page/223 223]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalfil00hamm/page/223}}</ref>

His breakthrough came in 1964 when he co-starred alongside [[Rajendra Kumar]] and [[Saira Banu]] in another of Mohan Kumar's directional venture ''[[Ayee Milan Ki Bela]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/mgr-and-jayalalitha-in-oru-thai-makkal-1971/article8346001.ece |title=Oru Thai Makkal (1971) Tamil |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=12 March 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 March 2019 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120235834/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/mgr-and-jayalalitha-in-oru-thai-makkal-1971/article8346001.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It went on to become a blockbuster and despite playing the antagonist, Dharmendra was noticed by audience and received a nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra gets overwhelmed with love from fans on 88th birthday, says 'pyaare pyaare tohfe aye hain' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/dharmendra-gets-overwhelmed-with-love-from-fans-on-88th-birthday-says-pyaare-pyaare-tohfe-aye-hain-570342 |work=The Tribune |date=9 December 2023 |access-date=19 April 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417174339/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/dharmendra-gets-overwhelmed-with-love-from-fans-on-88th-birthday-says-pyaare-pyaare-tohfe-aye-hain-570342 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="filmfare">{{Cite web|url = https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners|title = Winners list|date = 2023|access-date = 24 March 2024|archive-date = 4 February 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180204095338/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners|url-status = live}}</ref> That same year, he played the lead role in [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]]'s [[war|war-drama]] ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/frames-per-second-music-for-tragedy-120061901220_1.html|title=Frames per Second: Music for tragedy|access-date=18 February 2024|archive-date=18 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218163901/https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/frames-per-second-music-for-tragedy-120061901220_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, the film proved to be a major critical and commercial success, eventually emerging a superhit with one of its song "[[Kar chale hum fida|Kar Chale Ham Fida]]", a solo by [[Mohammed Rafi]] becoming hugely popular among the masses.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sujata Dev|title=Mohammed Rafi Voice Of A Nation|date=October 2015|publisher=OM Books International|isbn=978-9380070971}}</ref> In 1965, he had another major success in Ram Maheshwari's romantic drama ''[[Kaajal]]''.<ref name="Boxoffice">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=171&catName=MTk2NQ== |title=Box office 1965 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210134027/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=171&catName=MTk2NQ== |archive-date=10 February 2012 }}</ref> The film also had [[Meena Kumari]], [[Raaj Kumar]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] in the lead.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/11/19/stories/2010111951391100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216045542/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/11/19/stories/2010111951391100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2013 |title=Kaajal (1965) |date=19 November 2012 |access-date=9 January 2012 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |author=Deepak Mahaan}}</ref>

In 1966, Dharmendra reunited with Kumari for [[O. P. Ralhan]]'s ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]''. The film topped the box office chart in 1966, becoming a major blockbuster and making him a saleable star.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/dharmendra-remembers-op-ralhan-reveals-why-he-took-off-his-shirt-in-phool-aur-patthar|title=Dharmendra remembers OP Ralhan, reveals why he took off his shirt in 'Phool Aur Patthar'|first=Subhash K.|last=Jha|date=21 August 2020|website=National Herald|access-date=16 December 2024|archive-date=27 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227212341/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/dharmendra-remembers-op-ralhan-reveals-why-he-took-off-his-shirt-in-phool-aur-patthar|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Top Actors">{{cite web |title=Top Actors |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219165002/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=19 February 2008 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Box Office India}}</ref> He received his first nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] category for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/366575.cms|title=The Filmfare Awards Nominations – 1966|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040323040505/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/366575.cms|archive-date=23 March 2004}}</ref> The success of ''Phool Aur Patthar'' was followed by hits in ''[[Mamta (1966 film)|Mamta]]'', ''[[Devar]]'', ''[[Anupama (1966 film)|Anupama]]'' and ''[[Aaye Din Bahar Ke]]'', the same year.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792|title=Akshay Kumar Has A Historic Year|date=8 January 2020|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226204807/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also given a souvenir at the [[14th National Film Awards]] in recognition of his performance in ''Anupama''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Film awards presented|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=11 October 1967|pages=7}}</ref> The next year, he worked in commercially unsuccessful, but critically acclaimed films like - ''[[Dulhan Ek Raat Ki]]'' opposite [[Nutan]] and ''[[Majhli Didi]]'', ''[[Chandan Ka Palna]]'', both opposite Kumari.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Oindrila |title=Bollywood's Long Love Affair with Thomas Hardy's Novels: Adaptations and Cultural Appropriations |url=https://victorianweb.org/authors/hardy/ghosh.html |website=Victorian Web}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/actor-sachin-feted-as-ambassador-of-urdu/articleshow/103546974.cms|title=Actor Sachin feted as 'Ambassador of Urdu'|newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 September 2023}}</ref> Dharmendra hit the big league in 1968 with [[Atma Ram (director)|Atma Ram]]'s [[Mystery film|mystery thriller]] ''[[Shikar (1968 film)|Shikar]]'' and [[Ramanand Sagar]]'s [[spy thriller]] ''[[Ankhen (1968 film)|Ankhen]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ShikarUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/shikar/movieshow/61335835.cms |access-date=6 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207184714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/shikar/movieshow/61335835.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/gun-ho-in-bollywood/articleshow/12312314.cms?pcode=other|title=Gun-ho in Bollywood|newspaper=The Times of India|date=18 March 2012|archive-date=3 March 2024|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303144704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/gun-ho-in-bollywood/articleshow/12312314.cms?pcode=other|url-status=live}}</ref> Both the films opened to positive audience response and proved to be blockbusters at the box office with the latter being the top–earning film that year.<ref name="Rewinds"/> His other commercially successful releases of 1968 were – [[T. Prakash Rao]]'s drama film ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'' (in which he played a double role) and Amar Kumar's romantic drama ''[[Mere Hamdam Mere Dost]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Devesh |title=We trace Jayalalithaa's Bollywood debut, Izzat (1968) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/we-trace-jayalalithaas-bollywood-debut-izzat-1968_-17233.html |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=Filmfare |date=5 December 2016 }}</ref> The following year, saw the emergence of superstar [[Rajesh Khanna]], who stormed the nation with back-to-back blockbusters in ''[[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]]'' and ''[[Do Raaste]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3385|title=Ittefaq And Thor Battle It Out This Week|date=2 November 2017|access-date=2 March 2024|archive-date=22 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122202707/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3385|url-status=live}}</ref> With his rise, a number of stars went through career decline.<ref name="froma">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/314356/from-artistes-brands.html|title=From artistes to brands|date=23 February 2013|access-date=21 January 2024|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131093856/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/314356/from-artistes-brands.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During this phase, Dharmendra and [[Dev Anand]] were the only actors who remained unaffected by Khanna's popularity.<ref name="froma"/> In 1969, he had a superhit in ''[[Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke]]'' with two more successes, ''[[Pyar Hi Pyar]]'' and ''[[Yakeen (1969 film)|Yakeen]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/ |title=Worth Their Weight in Gold! - Box Office India : India's premier film trade magazine |work=Box Office India : India’s premier film trade magazine |date=November 2011 |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915183938/http://boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold |archive-date=15 September 2017}}</ref> Dharmendra also received immense acclaim for his portrayal of a righteous man in [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]'s [[Drama (genre)|social drama]] film ''[[Satyakam]]'', which is widely considered to be his career-best performance by fans as well as critics and went on to win [[National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film|National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm17thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=17NFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |publisher=Iffi.nic.in |access-date=23 July 2012 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015233600/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm17thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=17NFA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/15dinesh.htm|title=Satyakam: Dharmendra's career best role|website=rediff.com|access-date=8 August 2023|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304051029/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/15dinesh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===1970–1977: Commercial peak ===

In 1970, Dharmendra delivered four major successes and formed a hit pair with [[Hema Malini]].<ref name="Express2"/> His first release was [[Satyen Bose]]'s [[Crime film|crime drama]] ''[[Jeevan Mrityu]]''. An adaptation of [[Alexandre Dumas]]'s novel ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]]'', it proved to be major critical and commercial success, eventually emerging a blockbuster and one of the top earners of 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/jeevan-mrityu-1970/article6400941.ece|title=Jeevan Mrityu (1970)|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Vijay Lokpally|date=11 September 2014|access-date=29 May 2024|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410215127/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/jeevan-mrityu-1970/article6400941.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> His next two films, [[Bhappi Sonie]]'s ''[[Tum Haseen Main Jawan]]'' and [[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]'s ''[[Sharafat]]'', both opposite Malini proved to be superhits at the box office. This was followed by a flop in ''[[Ishq Par Zor Nahin]]'' alongside [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]] and a hit in ''[[Kab? Kyoon? Aur Kahan?]]'' with [[Babita]].<ref name="auto1"/> His final release of that year was [[Raj Kapoor]]'s magnum opus ''[[Mera Naam Joker]]'' (in which he played a supporting role). Although the film was a disaster at the time of release, it attained cult status in later years, with many critics hailing it as one of the best Indian films of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/j0uwEr1EQbbKoB83ASpASK/Ten-bigbudget-Bollywood-boxoffice-disasters.html|title=Ten big-budget Bollywood box-office disasters|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=28 September 2015|website=[[Live Mint]]|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127003908/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/j0uwEr1EQbbKoB83ASpASK/Ten-bigbudget-Bollywood-boxoffice-disasters.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/cult-hindi-films-that-flopped/photostory/27856115.cms|title=Cult Hindi films that flopped|website=The Times of India|archive-date=18 January 2024|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118105510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/cult-hindi-films-that-flopped/photostory/27856115.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1971, Dharmendra starred in [[Raj Khosla]]'s [[Action film|action drama]] ''[[Mera Gaon Mera Desh]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mera-gaon-mera-desh|title=Mera Gaon Mera Desh (1971)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316211112/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mera-gaon-mera-desh|url-status=live}}</ref> The film went on to become an ''All Time Blockbuster'' and established his image of an action hero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7382|title=An Action Hero Is Very Dull - Drishyam 2 Is One Horse Race|date=2 December 2022}}</ref> The large success of this film also made the industry shift from romantic to action films.<ref name="Rewinds"/> Dharmendra received his second nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] category for his performance in ''Mera Gaon Mera Desh''.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/QFY/3 |title=Starlights of the next issue |date=24 March 1972 |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |last=Karanjia |first=B. K. |author-link=B. K. Karanjia |volume=21 |page=7 |issue=6 |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214109/https://indiancine.ma/documents/QFY/3 |url-status=live }}</ref> His success continued in the following year with another massive blockbuster in ''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]'', a superhit in ''[[Raja Jani]]'' and a hit film, ''[[Samadhi (1972 film)|Samadhi]]'' to go with the major grossers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6097|date=8 November 2020|title=Rewind - Thirty Five Years of Mard|access-date=27 February 2024|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093055/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6097|url-status=live}}</ref> The mass hysteria created by ''Mera Gaon Mera Desh'' in 1971, followed by back-to-back hits with ''Seeta Aur Geeta'', ''Raja Jani'' and ''Samadhi'' in 1972 took Dharmendra to number one position among his contemporaries, thus making him a "superstar".<ref>{{citation|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2882|title=Vinod Khanna Passes Away|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=27 April 2017|access-date=12 August 2024|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008201610/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2882|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Top Actors" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7555|title=Pathaan And The SUPERSTARS Of Indian Cinema|date=8 February 2023|access-date=29 July 2024|archive-date=29 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729094616/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7555|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2013 |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-19.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425234438/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-19.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=12 February 2014 |website=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref>

1973 was the best year of Dharmendra's career with many successes.<ref name="R1973"/> His first release, which was [[A. Bhimsingh]]'s [[Crime film|action crime]] film ''[[Loafer (1973 film)|Loafer]],'' emerged a superhit with its songs, including "Aaj Mausam Bada Be-Imaan", "Main Tere Ishq Mein", "Koi Shehri Babu" becoming immensely popular among the masses and making its soundtrack one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Pradeep |date=16 August 2002 |title=Masala vs. genre |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/08/16/stories/2002081600920300.htm |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 October 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704153626/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/08/16/stories/2002081600920300.htm |archive-date=4 July 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/ninty-unforgettable-asha-bhosle-songs/20180908.htm|title=90 UNFORGETTABLE Asha Bhosle Songs|date=8 September 2023|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316211113/https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/ninty-unforgettable-asha-bhosle-songs/20180908.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> This was followed by [[Mystery film|mystery thriller]] ''[[Jheel Ke Us Paar]]'' and [[Action Film|action drama]] ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]''. While ''Jheel Ke Us Paar'' was a hit, the latter proved to be a blockbuster in India as well as Soviet Union, eventually taking second spot at the box office in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7561|title=Worldwide Gross - The Russian And Chinese Factor|date=11 February 2023}}</ref> Owing to its huge success, ''Jugnu'' was also remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Guru (1980 film)|Guru]]'' (1980).<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2015|title=Sridevi: 5 times the actress bowled us with her performance|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/sridevi-5-times-the-actress-bowled-us-with-her-performance/etphotostory/48450778.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424051532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/sridevi-5-times-the-actress-bowled-us-with-her-performance/etphotostory/48450778.cms|archive-date=24 April 2024|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> His next two releases were - [[Ravikant Nagaich]]'s spy thriller ''[[Keemat (1973 film)|Keemat]]'' and [[Adurthi Subba Rao]]'s light-hearted drama film ''[[Jwaar Bhata]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2016 |title=Keemat (1973) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Keemat-1973/article14993419.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228034808/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Keemat-1973/article14993419.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan |title=Daagudu Moothalu: The 'hidden' treasures unveiled |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/daagudu-moothalu-the-hidden-treasures-unveiled/article7561719.ece |access-date=8 September 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=20 August 2015 |archive-date=6 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140748/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/daagudu-moothalu-the-hidden-treasures-unveiled/article7561719.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Both the films received mixed critical reception, but emerged commercially successful.<ref name="R1973"/> Towards the end of the year, Dharmendra appeared in ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'', ''[[Blackmail (1973 film)|Black Mail]]'' and ''[[Kahani Kismat Ki]]''. ''Yaadon Ki Baaraat'', directed by [[Nasir Hussain]] and written by [[Salim-Javed]] is widely identified as the first [[masala film]] of [[Indian cinema]] and proved to be another blockbuster for the actor as well as the second best-selling [[Hindi film music|Bollywood]] album of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 March 2017|title=How film-maker Nasir Husain started the trend for Bollywood masala films|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/how-film-maker-nasir-husain-created-the-prototype-for-bollywood-masala-films/story-ckL6zPLHJFDYoupjFBtbfN.html|access-date=20 October 2017|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505013953/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/how-film-maker-nasir-husain-created-the-prototype-for-bollywood-masala-films/story-ckL6zPLHJFDYoupjFBtbfN.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rewinds"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1970-1979|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042855/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 | archive-date=5 February 2010 }}</ref> On the other hand, [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]]'s romantic thriller ''Black Mail'' was a critical and commercial failure, but reception later improved, with many calling it one of Anand's most underrated works.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Black-Mail-1973/article15006250.ece|title=Black Mail (1973)|first=Anuj|last=Kumar|date=30 September 2016|access-date=17 November 2021|website=The Hindu|archive-date=17 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117130920/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Black-Mail-1973/article15006250.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas" filmed on Dharmendra and Raakhee was a chartbuster and remains popular in modern culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/song-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-from-film-blackmail-was-shot-without-recording-dharmendra-rakhee-movie-4523782|title=बिना रिकॉर्डिंग के कैसे शूट हुआ फिल्म ब्लैक मेल का सुपरहिट गाना 'पल पल दिल के पास तुम रहती हो', किस्सा है बेहद दिलचस्प|date=28 October 2023}}</ref> His final release of the year, Arjun Hingorani's actioner ''Kahani Kismat Ki'' continued his dream run and emerged a superhit at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/kahani-kismat-ki-1973/article8026032.ece|title=Kahani Kismat Ki (1973)|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 December 2015|archive-date=16 March 2024|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316211856/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/kahani-kismat-ki-1973/article8026032.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, Dharmendra added one more blockbuster in his kitty with [[Dulal Guha]]'s social drama ''[[Dost (1974 film)|Dost]]'' co-starring [[Shatrughan Sinha]] and Hema Malini.<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{Cite web |title=Rewind - Greatest Indian Film Sholay Is 43 Years Old |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4183|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> The huge box office success of ''Dost'' was followed by moderate successes in ''[[Patthar Aur Payal]]'' and ''[[Resham Ki Dori]]''. For his performance in the latter, Dharmendra received his fourth and final nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] category.<ref name="filmfare"/>

[[The Emergency (India)|The 1975 Emergency]] had angered the public, and this helped films featuring the lead character revolting against corruption and establishment become successes. The shift from romantic and social movies to action-oriented multi-starrers changed the box office. The year saw the rise of another superstar, [[Amitabh Bachchan]], but Dharmendra remained rock-steady and continued to deliver huge hits.<ref name="FC_Dec2022"/>

In 1975, Dharmendra appeared alongside Bachchan in two films. The first was Mukherjee's light-hearted comedy ''[[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]]''.<ref name="GulzarNihalani2003">{{cite book|author1=Gulzar|author2=Govind Nihalani|author3=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT371|access-date=29 October 2012|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=371–}}</ref> It received positive response from critics and went on to become a hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hrishikesh-mukherjee-chupke-chupke-subtle-antidote-to-angry-young-man-era-7915586/|title=Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Chupke Chupke was the subtle antidote to the 'angry young man' era; a balance we have forgotten today|date=14 May 2022}}</ref> The second was [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s actioner ''[[Sholay]]''.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} It released on 15 August 1975, [[Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]], in Bombay. Due to lackluster reviews and a lack of effective visual marketing tools, it saw poor financial returns in its first two weeks. However, from the third week onward, viewership picked up owing to positive [[word of mouth]].{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=169}} During the initial slow period, the director and writer considered re-shooting some scenes so that Amitabh Bachchan's character would not die. When business picked up, they abandoned this idea.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=164}} After additionally releasing a soundtrack containing dialogue snippets,{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|pp=177–179}} ''Sholay'' soon became an "overnight sensation".<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=35 years on, the Sholay fire still burns |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/35-years-on-the-sholay-fire-still-burns-44425 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612074406/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/35-years-on-the-sholay-fire-still-burns-44425 |archive-date=12 June 2013 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> The film was then released in other distribution zones such as Delhi, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[West Bengal|Bengal]], and [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] on 11 October 1975.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=173}} It became the highest-grossing Hindi-language film of 1975, and film ranking website [[Box Office India]] has given the film a verdict of ''All Time Blockbuster''.<ref name="boxofficeindia.com"/> ''Sholay'' went on to earn a still-standing record of 60 golden jubilees{{efn|A golden jubilee means that a film has completed 50 consecutive weeks of showing in a single theatre.}} across India,<ref name="ndtv" /> and was the first film in India to celebrate a silver jubilee{{efn|A silver jubilee means that a film has completed 25 consecutive weeks of showing in a single theatre.}} at over 100 theatres.<ref name="ndtv" /> It was shown continuously at Bombay's Minerva Theatre for over five years and in Kolkata's [[Jyoti Cinema (Kolkata)|Jyoti Cinema]] for almost two years.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|first=Kevin|last=Kelly|title=Scan This Book!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/magazine/14publishing.html|work=[[New York Times Magazine]]|date=14 May 2006|access-date=7 March 2008|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210150624/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/magazine/14publishing.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6042|title=All Time Longest Runners In Kolkata: Sholay 2nd - HAHK 4th|access-date=15 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215180207/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6042|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Sholay'' was the Indian film with the longest theatrical run until ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995) broke its record of 286 weeks in 2001.{{sfn|Elliott|Payne|Ploesch|2007 |p=54}}<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news |date=3 February 2013 |title=900 not out! |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130203/jsp/7days/story_16515999.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225327/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130203/jsp/7days/story_16515999.jsp |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra in 2016.jpg|thumb|Dharmendra and [[Amitabh Bachchan|Bachchan]] starrer ''Sholay'' (1975) recorded an estimated 15-18 crore footfalls, making it the highest grossing Indian film in terms of audience attendance to date.]]

Before the end of year, he delivered another huge success in ''[[Pratigya (1975 film)|Pratiggya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/zakhmee-1975/article5809755.ece|title=Zakhmee (1975)|last=Malhotra|first=Aps|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 March 2014|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=24 October 2023|access-date=21 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024134010/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/zakhmee-1975/article5809755.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film along with its strong action scenes also had a significant comic track in the form of "[[slapstick]]" comedy which led to it being referred as a "masterpiece in comedy".<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|author=Ashok Raj|title=Hero Vol.2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT80|access-date=18 September 2014|date=1 November 2009|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-03-6|pages=80–}}</ref><ref name="IndiaPerspectives">{{cite book|title=India Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuhtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 September 2014|year=2005|publisher=PTI for the Ministry of External Affairs}}</ref> In 1976, Dharmendra reunited with Ramanand Sagar for the action thriller ''[[Charas (1976 film)|Charas]]''. Set against the backdrop of the [[Expulsion of Asians from Uganda|expulsion of Indian community from Uganda]] by its dictator [[Idi Amin]] in 1972, it opened to bumper response all over the nation and emerged a superhit at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-hema-malini-second-blockbuster-baghavat-film-was-made-on-the-lines-of-superhit-charas-ramanand-sagar-was-earned-shockingly-a-lot-of-money-by-3-films-7999673.html|title=सुपरहिट 'चरस' के तर्ज पर बनी, धर्मेंद्र-हेमा मालिनी की दूसरी फिल्म, लगातार 3 हिट से रामानंद सागर ने कूटे खूब पैसे|date=25 January 2024}}</ref> His other release of the year, [[M. A. Thirumugam]]'s family drama film ''[[Maa (1976 film)|Maa]]'' was thrashed by critics, but still went on to become a success.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=Delhi |pages=98 |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |orig-date=2012}}</ref> The year 1977 proved to be a big one for Dharmendra with an ''All Time Blockbuster'' in [[Manmohan Desai]]'s [[Action Film|action drama]] ''[[Dharam Veer (film)|Dharam Veer]]'', a superhit in another of Desai's [[Masala film|masala]] film ''[[Chacha Bhatija]]'', followed by two more successful films in Arjun Hingorani's [[Thriller (genre)|mystery thriller]] ''[[Khel Khilari Ka]]'' and Pramod Chakravorty's action comedy ''[[Dream Girl (1977 film)|Dream Girl]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7993|title=Top Ten All Time Bihar - Gadar 2 Smashes All RECORDS|date=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/recentpost/flashback-1977-trade-informa-2531|title=Flashback 1977 - Trade Guide Classification|date=8 August 2024|access-date=16 August 2024|archive-date=14 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814072717/https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/recentpost/flashback-1977-trade-informa-2531|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, ''Dharam Veer'' had 23 shows in 5 cities. Driven by the success of Rafi's songs, the film took a record initial of £50,000 in the UK, equivalent to {{INRConvert|{{#expr:50000*(1000/{{To USD|1000|IND|year=1977}}) round -1}}|year=1977|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=United Kingdom Evolution - £100k To £4 Million Of Pathaan |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7602 |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=[[Box Office India]] |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302113326/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7602 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the film sold 32 million tickets in the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharam Veer |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/97001/ |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=[[KinoPoisk]] |language=ru}}</ref>

===1978–1997: Continued success and minor setbacks===

Post-1977, the quality of Dharmendra's films dropped and so the number of huge grossers, but his initial draw remained intact, owing to which the flow of successes continued till the 1990s.<ref name="Rewinds"/> In 1978, he had four major releases which included ''[[Shalimar (1978 film)|Shalimar]]'', ''[[Azaad (1978 film)|Azaad]]'', ''[[Dillagi (1978 film)|Dillagi]]'' and ''[[Phandebaaz]]''. Out of these, ''Shalimar'' and ''Phandebaaz'' were critical and commercial failures while ''Azaad'' and ''Dillagi'', both co-starring Malini emerged successful, especially the former which was a superhit as well as [[List of Hindi films of 1978|fourth highest-grossing film of the year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8936|title=Game Changer Dull First Week - Emergency and Azaad Opening|date=17 January 2024}}</ref> The following year, he added one more superhit in his kitty with Mohan Sehgal's ''[[Kartavya (1979 film)|Kartavya]]'' and a successful film with Dulal Guha's ''[[Dil Kaa Heera]]''.<ref name=TG1979>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1979-Classificaiton.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification - 1979|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=27 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827205309/https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1979-Classificaiton.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dharmendra began the 1980s with [[Ravi Chopra]]'s big-budget [[Action fiction|action thriller]] ''[[The Burning Train]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saxena |first=Poonam |date=27 July 2023 |title=Flooded cities, burning trains: Poonam Saxena on the timeless lure of cinematic disaster |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/the-burning-train-1980-a-disaster-film-of-its-time-documenting-film-history-and-trivia-for-nostalgia-101687610534404.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |quote=The story goes that BR Chopra's son Ravi Chopra saw The Towering Inferno (1974) while on a trip abroad and was very taken up with the story of a fire that engulfs the world's tallest skyscraper on its opening night. |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702052259/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/the-burning-train-1980-a-disaster-film-of-its-time-documenting-film-history-and-trivia-for-nostalgia-101687610534404.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film co-starring [[Jeetendra]], [[Vinod Khanna]], Hema Malini and [[Parveen Babi]] didn't live up to the expectations and ended up as an average fare, however gained cult status in later years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/heres-why-the-burning-train-continues-to-be-the-coolest-disaster-thriller-film-522205.html|title=Here's Why The Burning Train Continues To Be The Coolest Disaster Thriller Film Till Date|date=7 September 2020|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=18 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118204915/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/heres-why-the-burning-train-continues-to-be-the-coolest-disaster-thriller-film-522205.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His next two releases were - ''[[Adventures of Ali-Baba and the Forty Thieves (film)|Alibaba Aur 40 Chor]]'' and ''[[Ram Balram]]''. While the former was moderately successful, the latter in which he reunited with Bachchan proved to be a box office hit.<ref name=FI1980>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Inf-1980-Classification.jpg|title=Summing Up 1980|website=www.bobbytalkscinema.com|access-date=13 October 2024|archive-date=29 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829210821/https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Inf-1980-Classification.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1981, he had a superhit in ''[[Kaatilon Ke Kaatil]]'', but other releases, such as ''[[Aas Paas]]'' and ''[[Krodhi]]'' failed to leave a mark while [[Brij Sadanah]]'s big-budget actioner ''[[Professor Pyarelal]]'' ended up as an average grosser.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 May 2020 |title=The Best Films Of Rishi Kapoor - Bobby Has Historic Numbers |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6050 |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501110812/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6050 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/40-years-of-jackie-shroff-starrer-hero-director-subhash-ghai-hints-at-sequel-101702630889625.html|title=40 years of Jackie Shroff-starrer Hero: Director Subhash Ghai hints at sequel|work=Hindustan Times |date=18 December 2023}}</ref> This changed in 1982 as five of his films emerged commercial successes, these were - ''[[Samraat (film)|Samraat]]'', ''[[Rajput (film)|Rajput]]'', ''[[Ghazab]]'', ''[[Baghavat]]'' and ''[[Badle Ki Aag]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1982-Classification.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification 1982|access-date=10 September 2024|archive-date=8 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908141622/https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1982-Classification.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1983, Dharmendra delivered a hit in [[Rajkumar Kohli]]'s comedy film ''[[Naukar Biwi Ka]]'', followed by another success, ''[[Qayamat (1983 film)|Qayamat]]'', but his most anticipated film of that year, [[Kamal Amrohi]]'s period biographical film ''[[Razia Sultan (film)|Razia Sultan]]'' was a box office [[Box-office bomb|disaster]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Inf-1983-Classification.jpg|title=Film Informatiom Classification 1983|access-date=17 September 2024|archive-date=8 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908124607/https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Inf-1983-Classification.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamal Amrohi's dream film Razia Sultan bombs at the box-office |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19831015-kamal-amrohi-dream-film-razia-sultan-bombs-at-the-box-office-771082-2013-07-17 |last=Kapoor |first=Sunil Sethi Coomi |website=[[India Today]] |date=17 July 2013 |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=17 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217041352/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19831015-kamal-amrohi-dream-film-razia-sultan-bombs-at-the-box-office-771082-2013-07-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> The next year, he had seven releases, out of which ''[[Baazi (1984 film)|Baazi]]'', ''[[Jagir (film)|Jagir]]'', ''[[Jeene Nahi Doonga]]'' and ''[[Dharm Aur Qanoon]]'' did reasonable business, but rest were critical and commercial failures.<ref name="FI1984">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Information-1984-Classifica.jpg|title=FI Classification (1984)|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> In 1985, Dharmendra starred in [[J. P. Dutta]]'s action drama film ''[[Ghulami]]'' which also had [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Reena Roy]] and [[Smita Patil]] in the lead. The film opened to positive reviews from critics and emerged a superhit as well as one of the top five highest-earners of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1985-Classification.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification 1985|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Its song, "Zeehale Muskin Makun ba-Ranjish", sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Shabbir Kumar]] was a chartbuster and was featured in the year-end annual list of [[Binaca Geetmala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keepalivebollywood.com/binacageetmala/search-detail/page=2|title=Binaca Geetmala (1985)}}</ref> In 1986, he appeared in biggies ''[[Main Balwan]]'' and ''[[Sultanat]]'', both of which did not perform well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Inf-Classification-1986.jpg|title=Film Information Classification (1986)|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

Dharmendra returned to the big league in 1987 by delivering eight successful films in the year. His first two releases were - Rajkumar Kohli's and [[Raj N. Sippy]]'s actioners ''[[Insaniyat Ke Dushman]]'' and ''[[Loha (1987 film)|Loha]]'', respectively, both of which proved to be box office hits.<ref name=TG1987>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-Classification-1987.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification 1987|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> He then appeared in ''[[Dadagiri (film)|Dadagiri]]'', ''[[Hukumat]]'' and ''[[Aag Hi Aag]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aag Hi Aag |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/aag_hi_aag_1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Kanwar, Rachna |title=25 Must See Bollywood Movies |date=3 October 2005 |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-10.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015033756/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837%2Ccurpg-10.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2007 |publisher=Indiatimes movies |accessdate=8 November 2010 }}</ref> While ''Dadagiri'' was an average fare, the latter two went on to become superhits with ''Hukumat'' emerging as the [[List of Hindi films of 1987|highest-grossing film of the year]].<ref name=TG1987/> This was followed by [[T. Rama Rao]]'s hit venture ''[[Watan Ke Rakhwale]]'' and two more successful films, ''[[Insaaf Kaun Karega]]'' with [[Rajinikanth]] and ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'', co-starring Jeetendra.<ref name=TG1987/> His other huge hits of the decade, include ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi (1988 film)|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' (1988) and ''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]'' (1989).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/before-rajamouli-there-was-t-rama-rao-he-brought-madras-movies-to-bollywood/1528017/|title=Before Rajamouli, there was T Rama Rao. He brought 'Madras' movies to Bollywood|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6251|title=Rewind - Twenty Years Of Gadar|date=15 June 2021|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119053002/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6251|url-status=live}}</ref>

With the advent of the 1990s, Dharmendra's star power began to wane. From 1990 to 1992, his successful films included ''[[Sridevi|Naakabandi]]'' (1990), ''[[Veeru Dada]]'' (1990), ''[[Humse Na Takrana]]'' (1990), ''[[Kohraam]]'' (1991) and ''[[Tahalka]]'' (1992), which also proved to be his final hit as a lead actor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/FI-Classification-1990.jpg|title=FI Classification (1990)|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-1991-Classifications-P1.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1991)|accessdate=24 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref name="auto"/> In 1993, he appeared in J. P. Dutta's ensemble action film ''[[Kshatriya (film)|Kshatriya]]'' co-starring [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Rakhee Gulzar]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Meenakshi Seshadri]], [[Raveena Tandon]] and [[Divya Bharti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kshatriya|title=Kshatriya | Rotten Tomatoes|website=www.rottentomatoes.com|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422221801/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kshatriya|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kshatriya'' took a record opening, but collections dropped after it was pulled from theatres owing to Dutt's involvement in the [[1993 Bombay bombings]] and it ended up as a flop.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4419|title=Opening Day Records Since 1990 - 34 Films|date=9 November 2019|access-date=8 December 2024|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328143742/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4419|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/why-1993-multi-starrer-film-kshatriya-flopped-because-of-sanjay-dutt-8732108.html|title=Why 1993 Multi-starrer Film Kshatriya Flopped Because Of Sanjay Dutt|date=8 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616051736/https://www.news18.com/movies/why-1993-multi-starrer-film-kshatriya-flopped-because-of-sanjay-dutt-8732108.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the mid-1990s, he delivered average fares in ''[[Policewala Gunda]]'' (1995) and ''[[Mafia (1996 film)|Mafia]]'' (1996), but his other releases, including biggies, such as ''[[Maidan-E-Jung]]'' (1995) and ''[[Return of Jewel Thief]]'' (1996) proved to be box office failures.<ref>{{cite web |title=Policewala Gunda |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2976 |website=Box Office India |access-date=25 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mafia |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2798 |website=Box Office India |access-date=25 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3004|title=Maidan-E-Jung – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2744|title=Return Of Jewel Thief – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=18 December 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407052234/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2744|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1997, Dharmendra received the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]]. While accepting the award from [[Dilip Kumar]] and his wife [[Saira Banu]], he became emotional and remarked that he had never won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] despite having worked in so many successful films and nearly a hundred popular films.<ref>{{cite web|title=The real stars of Bollywood|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/11corner.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=23 December 2010|date=11 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310070326/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/11corner.htm|archive-date=10 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking on this occasion [[Dilip Kumar]] commented, "Whenever I get to meet with God Almighty, I will set before him my only complaint – why did you not make me as handsome as Dharmendra?".<ref>{{cite web|title=I was the Salman Khan of my days: Dharmendra|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/i-was-the-salman-khan-of-my-days-dharmendra/495016/0|work=The Financial Express|access-date=23 December 2010|date=28 July 2009|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011132933/https://www.financialexpress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1998–2025: Shift to character roles ===

Since the late 1990s, after what has been termed his 'gold age', Dharmendra appeared in character roles. His first film in such a role was [[Sohail Khan]]'s [[romantic comedy]] ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' (1998), co-starring [[Salman Khan]], [[Kajol]] and [[Arbaaz Khan]]. The film received positive reviews from critics and was successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2583|title=Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=16 August 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801111948/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2583|url-status=live}}</ref>

His first two major releases of the new decade were ''[[Kaise Kahoon Ke... Pyaar Hai]]'' (2003) and ''[[Kis Kis Ki Kismat]]'' (2004), both of which were box office failures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=573|title=KAISE KAHOON KE... PYAAR HAI|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119193450/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=573|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1790|title=KIS KIS KI KISMET|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119193451/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1790|url-status=live}}</ref> After this, Dharmendra went on a hiatus for a brief period and returned with three films in 2007. These were - [[Anurag Basu]]'s drama film ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'', [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]]'s [[Sports film|sports drama]] ''[[Apne]]'' and [[Sriram Raghavan]]'s [[Neo-noir|neo-noir thriller]] ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/indian-movie-remakes-that-just-didn-t-work-762327.html|title = Indian movie remakes that just didn't work|date = 18 September 2019}}</ref> Both, ''Life in a... Metro'' and ''Apne'' proved to be critical and commercial successes.<ref name="Life In A Metro - Movie">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=348|title=Life In A Metro - Movie|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><ref name="boxofficeindia.com-Apne">{{Cite web |title=Apne – Movie – Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=227 |website=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516021701/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=227|url-status=live}}</ref> On the other hand, ''Johnny Gaddaar'', despite failing at the box office, received praise from critics and attained cult status in later years.<ref name="CNN-IBN"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Movie reviews: Johnny Ghaddar|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Movie-reviews/222703/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122134754/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Movie-reviews/222703/|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2013|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=30 September 2007}}</ref> The same year, he made a guest appearance in the song "Deewangi Deewangi" from [[Farah Khan]]'s blockbuster [[Reincarnation|reincarnation drama]] ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/10-years-of-om-shanti-om-farah-khan-interview-with-anupama-chopra|title=10 Years of Om Shanti Om with Farah Khan|date=9 November 2017|access-date=18 September 2024|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120212159/https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/10-years-of-om-shanti-om-farah-khan-interview-with-anupama-chopra|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Dharmendra starred in ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'' and ''[[Tell Me O Kkhuda]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yamla Pagla Deewana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/Yamla-Pagla-Deewana/articleshow/7082416.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104043925/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-11/bollywood/28257409_1_bobby-deol-sunny-deol-yamla-pagla-deewana |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |access-date=13 December 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-06/news-interviews/28068118_1_hema-malini-s-pics-mayur-puri-vinod-khanna |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021095425/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-06/news-interviews/28068118_1_hema-malini-s-pics-mayur-puri-vinod-khanna |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Hema remaking Mama Mia? |date=6 October 2009}}</ref> While the latter was a commercial disaster, ''Yamla Pagla Deewana'' performed very well and emerged a box office hit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=850|title=Tell Me O Kkhuda|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119161937/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=850|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=35|title=Yamla Pagla Deewana - Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> He then appeared in sequels to ''Yamla Pagla Deewana'',
''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' (2013) and ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana Phir Se]]'' (2018), but unlike the first film, both the sequels received poor audience response.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=1|title=Dharmendra (Filmography)|access-date=31 January 2024|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131141712/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Dharam.jpg|thumb|Dharmendra in 2023]]
In 2023, he appeared in [[Karan Johar]]'s ensemble [[family drama]] ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''. The film opened to a polarising response from reviewers, but grossed over {{INRConvert|3.5|b|year=2023}} worldwide and proved to be a hit as well as the [[List of Indian films of 2023|tenth highest-grossing Indian film]] of the year.<ref name="BOI_Rocky Aur Rani"/><ref name="boxoffww">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2023/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2023|access-date=11 August 2023|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126125943/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2023/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[71st National Film Awards|71st National Awards]], it won [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Tanisha |date=1 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards: Karan Johar's Rocky Aur Rani Led By Alia-Ranveer Scores Big |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/71st-national-film-awards-karan-johars-rocky-aur-rani-led-by-alia-ranveer-scores-big-9001161 |access-date=1 August 2025 |website=NDTV}}</ref> The following year, Dharmendra co-starred alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]] in the [[romantic comedy]] ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, but still did a lifetime business of {{INRConvert|1.3|b|year=2024}} worldwide to emerge a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8418|title=A Decent First Quarter - Shaitaan Leads Classifications|access-date=19 April 2024|archive-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419181911/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8418|url-status=live}}</ref>

The war drama ''[[Ikkis]]'' (2026), based on the life of [[Arun Khetarpal]] was the final film of his career, however he died before the release of the film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Radhika |date=26 November 2025 |title=Tired Dharmendra Shot His Last Film Ikkis Despite A 'Killing Schedule', Says Director Sriram Raghavan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/exclusive-tired-dharmendra-shot-his-last-film-ikkis-despite-a-killing-schedule-says-director-sriram-raghavan-9701836 |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref>

===Frequent collaborations===
Dharmendra's most successful pairing was with Hema Malini, whom he later married.<ref name="Express2"/> The couple performed together in many films including ''Tum Haseen Main Jawaan'', ''Sharafat'', ''Naya Zamana'', ''Seeta Aur Geeta'', ''Raja Jani'', ''Jugnu'', ''Dost'', ''Patthar Aur Payal'', ''Sholay'', ''Charas'', ''Maa'', ''Chacha Bhatija'' and ''Azaad''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/when-dharmendra-hema-malinis-guest-appearance-overshadowed-this-films-lead-pair-8725262.html|title=When Dharmendra, Hema Malini's Guest Appearance Overshadowed This Film's Lead Pair|work=News18 |date=2 January 2024}}</ref>

He has worked with various directors, each with a different style of filmmaking.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dharmendra – Action King: Comic leanings|url=https://www.couponraja.in/theroyale/dharmendra-action-king-comic-leanings/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910131758/https://www.couponraja.in/theroyale/dharmendra-action-king-comic-leanings/|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 September 2018|work=The Royale|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> His longest collaboration was with director Arjun Hingorani from 1960 to 1991. ''Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere'' was the debut film of Dharmendra as an actor and Arjun's first directorial venture with Dharmendra as the lead hero.<ref name="TOI_May2018">{{cite news |last1=Jaisinghani |first1=Bella |date=6 May 2018 |title=Arjun Hingorani dead: Director Arjun Hingorani who introduced Sadhana and Dharmendra dies at 92 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/director-arjun-hingorani-who-introduced-sadhana-and-dharmendra-dies-at-92/articleshow/64055050.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 April 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/director-arjun-hingorani-who-introduced-sadhana-and-dharmendra-dies-at-92/articleshow/64055050.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name= "Joshi">{{cite book |last=Joshi |first=Sumit |title=Bollywood Through Ages |publisher=Best Book Reads |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQWCgAAQBAJ&q=Arjun+Hingorani&pg=PT65|isbn=9781311676696}}</ref> They worked together in ''[[Kab? Kyoon? Aur Kahan?]]'', ''Kahani Kismat Ki'', ''Khel Khilari Ka'', ''Katilon Ke Kaatil'' and ''[[Kaun Kare Kurbanie]]'' where Arjun Hingorani was the producer and the director, and ''Sultanat'' and ''[[Karishma Kudrat Kaa]]'', produced by [[Arjun Hingorani]].<ref name="TOI_May2018"/> He worked with director [[Pramod Chakravorty]] in ''Naya Zamana'', ''Jugnu'', ''Dream Girl'' and ''Azaad''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K |date=17 August 2025 |title=Dharmendra remembers Pramod Chakravorty, "One of the most underrated directors I worked with" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/dharmendra-remembers-pramod-chakravorty-one-underrated-directors-worked/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref> [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]] worked with him in many films including ''Hukumat'', ''Elaan-E-Jung'', ''[[Farishtay]]'', ''Tahalka'' and ''Apne''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Choudhury |first=Anjali |date=16 November 2025 |title=Anil Sharma Shares Story About Dharmendra's Shelved James Bond-Style Thriller Sher: "Kash Ye Film Ban Pati" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anil-sharma-shares-story-about-dharmendras-shelved-james-bond-style-thriller-sher-kash-ye-film-ban-pati-9645858 |work=NDTV |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anil Sharma recalls when Dharmendra left Sunny Deol and Bobby Deol embarrassed during Apne: 'Inka kuch heroines ke sath chakkar hi nahi chalta kabhi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anil-sharma-recalls-when-dharmendra-left-sunny-deol-and-bobby-deol-embarrased-during-apne-inka-kuch-heroines-ke-sath-chakkar-hi-nahi-chalta-kabhi/articleshow/116542225.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2024 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

===Works in other languages===

==== Punjabi ====
He has periodically appeared in films in his native tongue of [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]], starring in ''[[Kankan De Ohle]]'' (1970), ''[[Do Sher]]'' (1974), ''[[Dukh Bhanjan Tera Naam]]'' (1974), ''[[Teri Meri Ik Jindri]]'' (1975), ''[[Putt Jattan De]]'' (1982) and ''[[Qurbani Jatt Di]]'' (1990). He returned to Punjabi cinema after a gap with the 2014 film ''[[Double Di Trouble]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dharmendra is all set to play a double role|last=Lalwani|first=Vickey|work=The Times of India|date=9 October 2013|access-date=19 June 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dharmendra-Minnisha-Lamba-Poonam-Dhillon-Ragini-Khanna-Ghuggi-and-Gippy-Grewal/articleshow/23775842.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028172307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dharmendra-Minnisha-Lamba-Poonam-Dhillon-Ragini-Khanna-Ghuggi-and-Gippy-Grewal/articleshow/23775842.cms|archive-date=28 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> According to director [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]], Dharmendra often worked on Punjabi films late at night and did so without charging any fees, motivated purely by the desire to support small-time regional filmmakers and help struggling productions. Even after completing his mainstream Hindi film schedules, Dharmendra would dedicate hours to such projects, accepting the workload without payment to give those films a chance at success.<ref>{{cite web |last=Entertainment Desk |date=29 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra worked on Punjabi films at night without charging any fees, reveals director Anil Sharma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dharmendra-worked-on-punjabi-films-at-night-without-charging-any-fees-reveals-director-anil-sharma-he-helped-so-many-people/articleshow/125650646.cms |access-date=5 December 2025 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==== Bengali ====
At the start of his film career he worked in the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] film ''[[Paari (1966 film)|Paari]]'' (1966) directed by Jagannath Chatterjee. The film also featured [[Dilip Kumar]] and [[Keshto Mukherjee]] in key roles.<ref name="N18">{{cite news |last=Nag |first=Amitava |date=18 March 2016 |title=1966 and the filmic conquests for Bengali cinema |url=https://www.news18.com/blogs/movies/amitava-nag/throwback-thursday-1966-and-the-filmic-conquests-for-bengali-cinema-14057-1217345.html |accessdate=20 June 2021 |publisher=News18}}</ref>

==Other works==

===Political career===
Dharmendra served as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of the Indian Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] representing [[Bikaner]] in [[Rajasthan]] from 2004 to 2009. During his election campaign in 2004, he made an offensive remark that he should be elected [[dictator perpetuo]] to teach "basic etiquette that democracy requires" for which he was severely criticised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Congress makes Dharam garam|url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/apr/23dtake.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=23 December 2010|date=23 April 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010183540/http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/apr/23dtake.htm|archive-date=10 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> He rarely attended [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] when the house was in session, preferring to spend time shooting movies or working at his farmhouse, for which he was also widely criticised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dharmendra – Action King: Political career|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/pictureStory.php?galId=1101&pg=6&view=6|work=The Indian Express|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref>

===Television===

[[File:Dharmendra.jpg|thumb|upright|Dharmendra at an event in 2011]]
In 2011, Dharmendra replaced [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] as the male judge of the third series of popular reality show ''[[India's Got Talent]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bollywood's lucky for TV|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/bollywoods-lucky-for-tv/827205|work=The Indian Express|date=4 August 2011|access-date=5 August 2011|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011132942/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bollywoods-lucky-for-tv/827205|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 July 2011, the show aired on [[Colors TV]] with Dharmendra as the new judge and surpassed the opening ratings of the previous two seasons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dharmendra fetches higher ratings for India's has Got Talent-3|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Dharmendra-fetches-higher-ratings-for-Indias-Got-Talent-3/articleshow/9479102.cms|access-date=23 August 2016|date=4 August 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701182038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-04/tv/29850204_1_reality-show-tvr-average-rating|archive-date=1 July 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, he appeared in his first television acting role as [[Salim Chisti]] in the historical series ''[[Taj: Divided by Blood]]'' which is available on [[Zee5|ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra, Aditi Rao Hydari and Aashim Gulati attend the logo unveiling of TAJ – Divided by Blood |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dharmendra-aditi-rao-hydari-and-aashim-gulati-attend-the-logo-unveiling-of-taj-divided-by-blood-photogallery/cid/1916425 |work=The Telegraph (India) |date=14 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170104/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dharmendra-aditi-rao-hydari-and-aashim-gulati-attend-the-logo-unveiling-of-taj-divided-by-blood-photogallery/cid/1916425 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Producing and presenting films===
In 1983, Dharmendra set up a production company known as [[Vijayta Films]], which he named after his eldest daughter. In its maiden venture ''[[Betaab]]'', released in 1983, [[Vijayta Films]] launched Dharmendra's elder son [[Sunny Deol]] as the lead actor. The film was the second highest-grossing film of the year. In 1990 he produced the action film ''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]'', also starring Sunny. The film won seven [[Filmfare Awards]], including the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film]].<ref name="BH_Jun2021">{{cite news |last1=Seta |first1=Fenil |date=22 June 2021 |title=31 Years of Ghayal: The INSIDE story on why Sunny Deol had to accept the Best Film Award at Filmfare on behalf of his father Dharmendra 31 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/31-years-ghayal-inside-story-sunny-deol-accept-best-film-award-filmfare-behalf-father-dharmendra/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804153455/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/31-years-ghayal-inside-story-sunny-deol-accept-best-film-award-filmfare-behalf-father-dharmendra/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=What Happened When Sunny Deol's Ghayal And Aamir Khan's Dil Released On The Same Day? |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/what-happened-when-sunny-deols-ghayal-and-aamir-khans-dil-released-on-the-same-day-7466503.html |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804153458/https://www.news18.com/entertainment/what-happened-when-sunny-deols-ghayal-and-aamir-khans-dil-released-on-the-same-day-7466503.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1991 Winners |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1991/101?from=mdr |access-date=4 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804153455/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1991/101?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> It won the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. Dharmendra in 1995 produced ''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]'', the costliest Indian film ever made until then, to launch his son [[Bobby Deol]] and [[Twinkle Khanna]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vijayakar |first1=Rajeev |title=Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Rangeela and more: 1995 was an exceptional year |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-rangeela-1995-exceptional-year/ |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313132209/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-rangeela-1995-exceptional-year/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It emerged a superhit and remains the first and only time to date that such a film was made with newcomers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9247|title=Saiyaara Among The Biggest Newcomer Films Of All Time - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barsaat - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2968 |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=boxofficeindia.com |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804153704/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2968 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Poetry ===
Dharmendra had developed a long interest in poetry after frequenting [[Meena Kumari]], also a part-time poet, in the movie ''Phool Aur Patthar'' (1966).<ref>{{cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=29 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra: The 'Pehelwan' Who Was A Poet |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/dharmendra-the-pehelwan-who-was-also-a-poet-9721688 |access-date=27 November 2025 |work=NDTV}}</ref> He was particularly fond of [[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |date=24 November 2025 |title=Beyond the He-Man: The Tender, Unforgettable Dharmendra |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/dharmendra-passes-away-at-89-tribute |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=The Quint}}</ref> In 2001, after developing a serious back ailment that required a prolonged stay in hospital, Dharmendra began writing poetry to cope with the solitude. In subsequent years he was known for composing spontaneous verses, often using them to express reflections on life and the deeper dimensions of human experience.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=24 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra bids adieu: Dashing everyman with the heart of a poet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dharmendra-passes-away-death-obit-funeral-hindi-cinema-bollywood/article70265929.ece |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> His [[Punjabi poetry|Punjabi poem]] ''Aj Bhi Ji Karda Hai Pind Apne Nu Jaanwa'' ("I Still Yearn To Return To My Village") was featured in his last screen appearance, ''Ikkis'' (2025).<ref>{{cite news |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=28 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra yearns to return to his village in moving poem from final film ''Ikkis''; fans say 'Brought tears to our eyes' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-yearns-to-return-to-his-village-in-moving-poem-from-final-film-ikkis-agastya-nanda-sunny-deol-bobby-deol-hema-101764309534535.html |access-date=27 November 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Legacy ==

Dharmendra is widely regarded as one of the most influential personalities in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Iconic heroes of Bollywood |magazine=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/iconic-heroes-of-bollywood-367542-2012-05-01/8 |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128234730/https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/iconic-heroes-of-bollywood-367542-2012-05-01/8 |archive-date=28 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dharmendra: Stars shine for some time and fade away, but an actor will always leave behind a legacy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dharmendra-stars-shine-for-some-time-and-fade-away-but-an-actor-will-always-leave-behind-a-legacy/articleshow/64355437.cms|access-date=10 July 2023|work=Times of India|date=29 May 2018|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710143137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dharmendra-stars-shine-for-some-time-and-fade-away-but-an-actor-will-always-leave-behind-a-legacy/articleshow/64355437.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He was considered one of the most handsome men in the world during his early career and is widely known as the "He-Man" of Bollywood.<ref>{{cite web|title=When Dharmendra was compared to a Hollywood star who he didn't recognise: 'Uski picture hi nahi dekhi thi'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-dharmendra-was-compared-to-a-hollywood-star-who-he-didn-t-recognise-uski-picture-hi-nahi-dekhi-thi-101642923670930.html|access-date=10 July 2023|work=Hindustan Times|date=23 January 2022|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710144301/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-dharmendra-was-compared-to-a-hollywood-star-who-he-didn-t-recognise-uski-picture-hi-nahi-dekhi-thi-101642923670930.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Considered to be a [[sex symbol]] early in his career, Dharmendra was noted for his affection and his appeal to his female fanbase, which according to the [[BBC]] was said to be in the "tens of millions".<ref name="BBC_24Nov2025"/>

Dharmendra is the only actor to have twice delivered seven successful films in a year. In 1973, his successful films, included ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]'', ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'', ''[[Loafer (1973 film)|Loafer]]'', ''[[Kahani Kismat Ki]]'', ''[[Jheel Ke Us Paar]]'', ''[[Keemat (1973 film)|Keemat]]'' and ''[[Jwaar Bhata]]'' while in 1987, his profitable ventures were ''[[Hukumat]]'', ''[[Aag Hi Aag]]'', ''[[Loha (1987 film)|Loha]]'', ''[[Insaniyat Ke Dushman]]'', ''[[Watan Ke Rakhwale]]'', ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'' and ''[[Insaaf Kaun Karega]]''.<ref name="R1973">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9477|title=Dharmendra Box Office Record In 1973|date=26 November 2025|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><ref name="TG1987" />

Following his death, ''[[The New York Times]]'' called Dharmendra one of India's "most versatile stars".<ref name=NYTobit>{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Jin Yu |last2=K.B. |first2=Pragati |date=24 November 2025 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/24/world/asia/india-bollywood-dharmendra-dead.html |title=Dharmendra, One of Bollywood's Top Leading Men, Dies at 89 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' remembered him as "Indian cinema’s most beloved and enduring stars".<ref name=variety>{{cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=24 November 2025 |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/obituaries-people-news/dharmendra-dead-sholay-bollywood-star-1236590603/|title=Dharmendra, Iconic Bollywood Star of 'Sholay' and 'Phool Aur Patthar,' Dies at 89 |magazine=Variety |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref>

=== Critical appreciation ===
Dharmendra most notable acting performances include ''Satyakam'' with [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/15dinesh.htm|title=Satyakam: Dharmendra's best role of his career|website=rediff.com|publisher=Rediff|access-date=23 December 2010|author=Dinesh Raheja|author-link=Dinesh Raheja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126212046/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/15dinesh.htm|archive-date=26 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Sholay'', which is listed by ''[[Indiatimes]]'' as one of the "top 25 must see [[Bollywood]] films of all time". In 2005, the judges of the 50th annual Filmfare Awards awarded ''Sholay'' the special distinction of [[Filmfare Best Film of 50 years]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2006|title=Winners of 50th Filmfare Awards|url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/winners-of-50th-filmfare-awards_277396.html|access-date=23 June 2020|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626022217/https://zeenews.india.com/home/winners-of-50th-filmfare-awards_277396.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, ''[[Rediff.com]]'' placed him 10th in its "Top 10 Bollywood Actors of All Time" list.<ref>{{cite web |title=Readers' Pick: Top 10 Bollywood Actors of All Time! |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-readers-pick-the-top-ten/20130502.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818133557/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-readers-pick-the-top-ten/20130502.htm |archive-date=18 August 2019 |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=en |magazine=India Today}}</ref>

In 2022, he was placed in ''[[Outlook India]]''{{'}}s "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=75 Bollywood Actors Who Conquered Hearts Of The Millions |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-actors-who-conquered-hearts-of-the-millions-since-1947-news-215861/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142138/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-actors-who-conquered-hearts-of-the-millions-since-1947-news-215861/amp |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |work=Outlook India}}</ref>

While he did receive civilian awards and a "consolation prize" (the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award), Dharmendra never won an award for his acting.<ref name=":2" /> In a tribute following his death, essayist [[Mukul Kesavan]] has argued that Dharmendra's acting talent was long under-recognised because in the early phase of his career, in the 1960s, he frequently appeared in heroine-centric films, thus seeing his screen impact diminished by that of the lead actress, while in the 1970s many of his finest roles occurred in multi-starrers, where his comic and dramatic work had to share space with other prominent actors, further diluting recognition for his individual contributions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kesavan |first=Mukul |date=25 November 2025 |title=Why Dharmendra's Finest Performances Still Outshine Bollywood's Award Winners |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/no-one-writes-to-the-prison-doc-anymore-news-237463 |access-date=25 November 2025 |work=Outlook India}}</ref>

In a 2016 feature in ''[[The Hindu]]'', film critic [[Vijay Lokapally]] noted that Dharmendra's shift in the 1990s toward low-budget action cinema echoed the career path of wrestler-actor [[Dara Singh]], who had once dominated India's working-class entertainment circuit. He observed that as mainstream Hindi cinema became dominated by younger stars such as the "[[Khans of Bollywood|Khan trio]]" and [[Akshay Kumar]], Dharmendra deliberately targeted a different audience, comprising labourers, small-town viewers, and long-time fans of traditional action heroes, by appearing in quickly produced, low-cost action films screened largely in single theatres across India's B- and C-circuits. While initially dismissed by the press and some of his admirers as a decline into "[[B movie|B-grade]]" filmmaking, he argued that Dharmendra's strategy was in fact pragmatic: these films were economically viable, shot within a month, and sustained his connection with a loyal audience base that valued old-style heroism over the romantic trends of the multiplex era.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|date=5 July 2016|title='In and as' HERO|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-and-as-hero/article3639660.ece|access-date=21 October 2025|work=The Hindu}}</ref> However, his image as a leading man was affected by his decision to act in a number of low-budget or "B-grade" productions, as evidenced by the fact that despite his many commercially successful films, he also holds a record number of flop films, estimated at 180 titles released between 1960 and 2013, most of those occurring during his "B-grade" phase.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2025|title=Meet actor who gave 6 blockbusters, 7 superhits, 36 hits, still holds record for most flop films, once also played hero in B grade movies|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-meet-actor-dharmendra-who-gave-6-blockbusters-7-superhits-36-hits-still-holds-record-most-flop-films-played-hero-b-grade-movies-not-mithun-chakraborty-but-3150988|access-date=21 October 2025|work=DNA India}}</ref>

=== Industry appreciation ===
When [[Dilip Kumar]] was giving the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]] to Dharmendra, he commented, "Whenever I get to meet with God Almighty, I will set before him my only complaint—why did you not make me as handsome as Dharmendra?".<ref>{{cite news |title=धर्मेंद्र ने एक अवॉर्ड शो में इमोशनल होकर दिलीप कुमार के बारे में कहा था- 'हम एक मां की कोख से क्यों पैदा नहीं हुए' |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-pays-his-respect-to-dilip-kumar-at-his-residence-was-inspired-with-the-legendary-actor-21806930.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710145935/https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-pays-his-respect-to-dilip-kumar-at-his-residence-was-inspired-with-the-legendary-actor-21806930.html |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=Jagran}}</ref> One of the most successful actors of the 1970s and 1980s, Dharmendra appeared in [[Box Office India|''Box Office India''<nowiki/>'s]] "Top Actors" list eighteen times from 1968 to 1984 and 1987. He topped the list four times (1972–1975).<ref name="Top Actors" />

In an interview, [[Salman Khan]] said that Dharmendra is the only person he has consistently followed after his father; he admires Dharmendra even more than Dharmendra's own sons do.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Khan says he 'follows Dharmendra more than his own sons do', wants to remake these 3 films of his |website=Hindustan Times |date=31 March 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-says-he-follows-dharmendra-more-than-his-own-sons-do-wants-to-remake-these-3-films-of-his-101743416457328.html |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> He also praised Dharmendra's enduring appeal, calling him “the most beautiful looking man” because of the innocence and vulnerability in his face combined with a strong physique, a remark that led to Dharmendra being affectionately labelled “macho man".<ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Khan calls Dharmendra 'the most beautiful looking man' on The Big Picture |website=Indian Express |date=16 November 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-shares-video-of-salman-khan-calling-him-icon-most-beautiful-looking-man-7625556/ |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> In a 2007 episode of ''[[Koffee with Karan]]'', [[Jaya Bachchan]] revealed that she had been completely smitten with Dharmendra, describing him as a “Greek god” and even sharing her admiration in front of his wife, Hema Malini. She recalled being so starstruck upon their first meeting that she “hid behind a sofa".<ref>{{cite web |title=Not Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan was madly in love with this actor |website=DNA India |date=29 April 2025 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-not-amitabh-bachchan-jaya-bachchan-madly-in-love-this-actor-dharmendra-accepted-it-front-of-wife-hema-malini-called-him-greek-god-he-is-3145803 |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> [[Amitabh Bachchan]] also revealed that Jaya had already told him she admired Dharmendra above all others, saying, “There is nobody in the industry more handsome than him.”<ref>{{cite web |author=Ananya Das |title=Aamir Khan leaves Amitabh Bachchan stumped with question about Jaya Bachchan on KBC 16 |website=Hindustan Times |date=2 October 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/aamir-khan-leaves-amitabh-bachchan-stumped-with-question-about-jaya-bachchan-on-kaun-banega-crorepati-kbc-16-101727839842585.html |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref>

[[Zeenat Aman]] described Dharmendra as her favourite co-star, calling him “strikingly handsome” and noting his humble personality, which made her feel at ease during filming.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zeenat Aman calls Dharmendra her 'favourite co‑star', recalls helping each other with language on Shalimar shoot |website=The Indian Express |date=8 August 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zeenat-aman-calls-dharmendra-favourite-costar-recalls-helped-each-other-language-shalimar-shoot-8881741/ |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]] has described Dharmendra as “one of the most handsome persons I have ever seen on screen".<ref>{{cite web |agency=IANS |title=Dharmendra most handsome person, says Madhuri |website=The New Indian Express |date=29 May 2013 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2013/May/29/dharmendra-most-handsome-person-says-madhuri-481686.html |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life ==
[[File:Bobby_Deol_Dharmendra_Sunny_Deol_still10.jpg|thumb|250px|Dharmendra with his sons, [[Bobby Deol|Bobby]] (on left), [[Sunny Deol]] (right hand side)]]

=== Relationships and family ===
Dharmendra married Prakash Kaur at the age of 19 in 1954, before he entered the film industry. It was an arranged marriage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bobby Deol Reportedly Attacked Hema Malini with a Knife After Dharmendra's 2nd Marriage; Here's What Prakash Kaur Said on the Matter! |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-dharmendra-hema-controversy-5440408-PHO.html |access-date=13 February 2020 |work=dailybhaskar |date=16 October 2016 |language=en |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213180023/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-dharmendra-hema-controversy-5440408-PHO.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The couple became parents to two sons, [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Bobby Deol]], both successful film actors; and two daughters, Vijeta (born in 1962) and Ajeeta (born in 1966).<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra's family tree explained: Meet the actor's 6 children, 13 grandchildren, other members of Deol clan |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-dharmendras-family-tree-explained-meet-the-actors-6-children-13-grandchildren-other-members-of-deol-clan-4054553/lite/ |work=The Financial Express |date=24 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref> Throughout his life, Dharmendra spent most of his time with Kaur, while Malini lived independently with her daughters with him often visiting Malini and their daughters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra Dies At 89: A Look At His Marriages With Prakash Kaur And Hema Malini |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dharmendra-dies-at-89-a-look-at-his-marriages-with-prakash-kaur-and-hema-malini-9608282 |work=NDTV |date=24 November 2025 |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref>

After moving to [[Bombay]] and entering films, Dharmendra fell in love and later married [[Hema Malini]], which caused controversy at the time since he was already married. Rumours began to circulate about Dharmendra and Hema Malini converting to [[Islam]] for this wedding.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dharmendra or "Dilawar Khan?"|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-30Jun04-Print-Edition/163006200433.htm|access-date=18 June 2016|publisher=[[Milli Gazette]]|date=30 June 2004|quote=When his political rivals brought the issue to the notice of election authorities and the general public, he denied his conversion to Islam and change of name.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624093107/http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-30Jun04-Print-Edition/163006200433.htm|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="converted">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/celebrities-who-converted-to-islam/photostory/30985640.cms|title=Celebrities who converted to Islam|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231411/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Celebrities-who-converted-to-Islam/photostory/30985640.cms|archive-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, during a political campaign, when the rumours began to circulate again, Dharmendra asserted that he remained a [[Hindus|Hindu]],<ref name="ArabNews_Religion">{{Cite web |last=Suhrawardy |first=Nilofar |date=19 April 2004 |title=Dharmendra's Past Haunts His Present |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/247932 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708094935/http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=43427&d=19&m=4&y=2004 |archive-date=8 July 2004 |website=[[Arab News]] |quote=I am a Hindu. The question of my having ever changed religion does not exist.}}</ref> the family being [[Arya Samaj]]i.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Deols don't believe in superstitions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deols-dont-believe-in-superstitions/articleshow/4680292.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210085704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deols-dont-believe-in-superstitions/articleshow/4680292.cms |archive-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 June 2009 |access-date=29 December 2024 |quote=They [Dharmendra and Sunny Deol] said, 'We keep any kind of superstition at bay. Being followers of the Arya Samaj system, we bring in positive energy by doing good deeds for the good of others.'}}</ref> He and Malini starred together in a number of movies in the early 1970s, including ''[[Sholay]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hema Malini on 35th wedding anniversary|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/love-is-togetherness-hema-malini-on-35th-wedding-anniversary/16181170|access-date=2 May 2015|work=[[Mid-Day]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921114842/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/love-is-togetherness-hema-malini-on-35th-wedding-anniversary/16181170|archive-date=21 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dharmendra – Action King: Personal life|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/pictureStory.php?galId=1101&pg=4&view=4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126142727/http://www.indianexpress.com/pictureStory.php?galId=1101&pg=4&view=4|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 July 2011}}</ref> The couple had two daughters, [[Esha Deol]] (born in 1981) and Ahana Deol (born in 1985). His grandson, [[Bobby Deol|Bobby Deol's]] younger son, is also named "Dharam", after him.<ref name="grand1">{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=Viral: The Internet Is Crushing On Bobby Deol's Son Aryaman |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/viral-the-internet-is-crushing-on-bobby-deols-son-aryaman-1984709 |access-date=27 July 2022 |work=NDTV |date=29 January 2019 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129114638/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/viral-the-internet-is-crushing-on-bobby-deols-son-aryaman-1984709 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dharmendra had a farmhouse in [[Lonavala]], where he lived during his final years. His family resides in [[Juhu]], Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2021 |title=Dharmendra shares idyllic early morning views from his farmhouse. Watch video |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-shares-idyllic-early-morning-views-from-his-farmhouse-watch-video-101622608247977.html |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजाओं जैसी जिंदगी जीते हैं धर्मेंद्र, देखिए उनके 100 एकड़ में फैले आलीशान फार्महाउस की INSIDE तस्वीरें |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-lavish-100-acre-lonavala-farmhouse-inside-pictures |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123433/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-lavish-100-acre-lonavala-farmhouse-inside-pictures |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharmendra Farmhouse Pics: मुंबई की भीड़ से दूर लोनावला में बना है धर्मेंद्र का आलीशान फार्महाउस देखिए Inside तस्वीरें |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-lonavala-luxury-farmhouse-inside-photos-see-here-2297662 |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=[[ABP Live]] |date=2 January 2023 |language=hi |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123616/https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-lonavala-luxury-farmhouse-inside-photos-see-here-2297662 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Dharmendra lamented that Bollywood neglected his family and never appreciated Deol family's contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2023 |title=इंडस्ट्रीचं देओल कुटुंबाकडे दुर्लक्ष? अनेक वर्षांनंतर धर्मेंद्र अखेर व्यक्त झालेच |trans-title=Industry neglected Deol family? After many years Dharmendra expressed himself. |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/industry-never-recognised-deol-family-said-dharmendra-1003512.html |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103214/https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/industry-never-recognised-deol-family-said-dharmendra-1003512.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

His relatives in the film industry included his paternal cousin leading [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] actor [[Veerendra]],<ref name=":02">{{cite news |journal=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 June 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/punjabi/film-on-dharmendras-cousin-veerendra-singh-who-was-shot-dead-during-shoot/videoshow/69845987.cms|title=Film on Dharmendra's cousin Veerendra Singh, who was shot dead during shoot|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-date=17 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817131520/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/punjabi/film-on-dharmendras-cousin-veerendra-singh-who-was-shot-dead-during-shoot/videoshow/69845987.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IEVeerendarSingh2024">{{cite news
|title=Months after Amar Singh Chamkila's murder, Dharmendra's cousin and Punjabi superstar Veerendar Singh was killed in Punjab. Both cases were never solved|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/months-after-amar-singh-chamkilas-murder-dharmendras-cousin-and-punjabi-superstar-veerendar-singh-was-killed-in-punjab-both-cases-were-never-solved-9271434/|work=The Indian Express|date=15 April 2024|access-date=29 November 2025|location=Chennai}}</ref> his maternal cousin director-producer [[Guddu Dhanoa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/this-week-that-year-birthday-boy-dharmendra-on-his-love-affair-with-cinema/articleshow/66994200.cms|title=Birthday boy Dharmendra on his love affair with cinema|website=Mumbai Mirror|date=8 December 2018|last=Bhattacharya|first=Roshmila|quote=Dharamji’s cousin, Guddu Dhanoa, says he’s proud to have a brother who’s so handsome.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dharmendra-discharged-from-hospital-filmmaker-and-cousin-guddu-dhanoa-visits-his-home-reveals-actor-is-recovering-well/articleshow/125272436.cms|title=Dharmendra discharged from hospital: Filmmaker and cousin Guddu Dhanoa visits his home, reveals actor is recovering well|date=12 November 2025|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> as well his nephew [[Abhay Deol]], son of his younger brother Ajit Deol (d. 2015) who was an actor in both Hindi and Punjabi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2015|title=Dharmendra's Brother, Bollywood Veteran Ajit Singh Deol Dies|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dharmendras-brother-bollywood-veteran-ajit-singh-deol-dies-1235891|website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Dharmendra had launched Abhay Deol through his production house Vijayta Films in 2005 with ''[[Socha Na Tha]]'', which was also [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]'s directorial debut. His brothers-in-law, through his sisters, were both producers: Sher Jung Singh Punchhe, who had produced ''Satyakam'' among others;<ref>{{cite news
|last=Upadhyaya|first=Amit|title=Try watching 'Satyakam' in the age of post-truth, fake news and incorruptible leaders|url=https://theprint.in/feature/reel-take/try-watching-satyakam-in-the-age-of-post-truth-fake-news-and-incorruptible-leaders/86162/|publisher=|date=22 July 2018|access-date=29 November 2025|quote=So personal the project was for even Dharmendra, who gave his finest performance here, that the film was produced by his brother-in-law Sher Singh Jung Punchhe.|work=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> and Bikram Singh Dehal (d. 2019), who had produced movies starring Dharmendra as well Sunny Deol's debut film, ''Betaab'' (1983).<ref>{{cite news
|last=|first=|title=Bikram Singh Dehal Dead|url=https://filminformation.com/featured/bikram-singh-dehal-dead-16-august-2019/|publisher=|date=16 August 2019|access-date=29 November 2025|work=[[Komal Nahta|Film Information]]}}</ref>

===Health issues and death===
In 2010, Dharmendra had quit drinking alcohol after what he called a "health scare." He was previously known for his [[Alcoholism|alcohol addiction]], even being called "the biggest boozer in Bollywood", as he would drink up to 12 bottles a day.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 August 2024 |title=When Dharmendra reacted to being called the biggest boozer in Bollywood: 'Mera liver bahot strong hai' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/when-dharmendra-reacted-to-being-called-the-biggest-boozer-in-bollywood-mera-liver-bahot-strong-hai/articleshow/112361933.cms |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=The Times of India |publisher=TOI Entertainment Desk}}</ref>

Between 2015 and 2020, he had multiple health issues, including [[back pain]], [[muscle strain]], and weakness, which occasionally required hospitalisation. In 2025, Dharmendra underwent a [[Corneal transplantation|corneal transplant surgery]] after the [[cornea]] of his left eye was damaged.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-undergoes-eye-graft-interacts-with-paparazzi-with-bandaged-eye-calls-himself-strong-101743492513526.html|title=Dharmendra undergoes eye graft, interacts with paparazzi with bandaged eye; calls himself strong: 'Abhi bahut damm hai'|work=Hindustan Times|first=Ananya|last=Das|date=1 April 2025|access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

He had also been hospitalised on 31 October 2025 at the [[Breach Candy Hospital]] in Mumbai due to breathing difficulties. He was admitted to the ICU for observation and was discharged within a few hours once all his vital parameters stabilised.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/actor-dharmendra-discharged-from-breach-candy-hospital-10360455/lite/|title=Dharmendra Health Update Today: Veteran actor discharged from hospital, family statement says 'actor to continue recovery at home'|work=The Indian Express|date=12 November 2025|access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

On 10 November 2025, Dharmendra was again admitted to Breach Candy Hospital after complaining of respiratory issues. His second wife, Hema Malini, shared on social media that he was under continuous medical supervision. According to reports, he was placed on ventilator support as his condition became critical. Several actors, politicians, and fans across the country expressed their concern and prayed for his speedy recovery.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web | last=Kanetkar | first=Riddhima | title=After Esha Deol, Hema Malini DENIES reports of Dharmendra's death, accuses media of spreading 'false news': 'What is happening is unforgivable' | website=DNA India | date=11 November 2025 | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-after-esha-deol-hema-malini-denies-reports-of-dharmendra-death-accuses-media-of-spreading-false-news-what-is-happening-is-unforgivable-3187794 | access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref>

On 11 November 2025, rumours began circulating on social media and several news channels claiming that Dharmendra had died. The reports spread rapidly, with many media outlets broadcasting the unverified news. His death rumours flooded the internet after Indian Defence Minister [[Rajnath Singh]] and poet and lyricist [[Javed Akhtar]] even mourned his death in a post. Later, Hema Malini and daughter Esha Deol dismissed the rumours through their social media accounts, confirming that Dharmendra was alive and in stable condition. They condemned the spread of such false information, calling it completely unacceptable and irresponsible.<ref>{{cite web | title=Dharmendra Health Updates: Hema Malini and Esha Deol rubbish reports of the actor's death | website=The Times of India | date=11 November 2025 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dharmendra-health-updates-legendary-actor-dharmendra-health-news-celebs-reaction/liveblog/125237495.cms | access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Esha Deol rubbishes Dharmendra death reports: 'My father is stable and recovering' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/esha-deol-rubbishes-dharmendra-death-reports-my-father-is-stable-and-recovering/articleshow/125238888.cms |access-date=11 November 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Dharmendra died on 24 November 2025 at his residence in Mumbai, at the age of 89 following age-related illness.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Veteran Actor Dharmendra Passes Away at 89 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/veteran-actor-dharmendra-passes-away-at-89_-79088.html |magazine=Filmfare |date=24 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="BBC_24Nov2025">{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Geeta |date=24 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra: Bollywood's 'He-Man' dies at 89 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg66lv566kyo |work=BBC |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2025 |title=Veteran actor Dharmendra passes away LIVE updates: Tributes pour in |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/actor-dharmendra-death-bollywood-funeral-movies-live-updates-on-november-24-2025/article70265484.ece |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His last rites were held at the Pawan Hans crematorium in the [[Vile Parle]] area of Mumbai, with family members and numerous film-industry colleagues in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=24 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra no more: Bollywood celebrities reach Pawan Hans crematorium in Vile Parle for his last rites {{!}} Watch videos |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/dharmendra-no-more-hema-malini-reaches-pawan-hans-crematorium-in-vile-parle-for-his-last-rites-watch-video-11763974565174.html |work=Mint |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pathak |first=Manish Kumar |date=24 November 2025 |title=Dharmendra's death: Hundreds throng Mumbai crematorium, triggering major traffic snarl on SV Road as Bollywood stars bid farewell |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/dharmendras-death-hundreds-crematorium-major-traffic-snarl-10383669/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref> Upon the release of ''[[Ikkis]]'' on 1 January 2026, his last film, tributes were paid to him along with his [[Sholay]] and [[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]] co-star [[Asrani]], who died on 20 October 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Ritika |date=31 December 2025 |title=‘Ikkis is his salute’: Sunny Deol pays heartfelt tribute to Dharmendra, calls film his gift to fans |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-deol-pays-heartfelt-tribute-to-dharmendra-calls-ikkis-his-gift-to-fans-101767181814870.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arif |first1=Anas |date=1 January 2026 |title=Ikkis: Asrani shares one of his last screen appearances with Dharmendra, Sriram Raghavan pays a special tribute |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ikkis-asrani-one-last-film-dharmendra-sriram-raghavan-special-tribute-10450100/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Main|Dharmendra filmography}}

==Accolades and honours==

=== Civilian award ===

[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Shri Dharmendra Deol, at an Investiture Ceremony-II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 04, 2012.jpg|thumb|Then President of India, [[Pratibha Patil]] presenting the [[Padma Bhushan]] Award to Dharmendra in 2012]]
* 2012 – [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian honour from the [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web|date=27 January 2013|title=Padma Awards2012|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524145714/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|archive-date=24 May 2013|access-date=27 January 2013|publisher=pib}}</ref>
* 2026 – [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian honour from the [[Government of India]] posthumoously<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dharmendra among Padma awardees on R-Day 2026: 131 chosen for honours |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dharmendra-among-padma-awardees-on-r-day-2026-131-chosen-for-honours-101769344921469.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 January 2026 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

=== National Film Awards ===
{{Main|National Film Awards}}

* [[38th National Film Awards|1990]] – [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]] – ''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=National Awards 1990 Winners |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1990/108?from=mdr |access-date=4 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804171522/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1990/108?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Filmfare Awards===
{{Main|Filmfare Awards}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Category
!Film
!Result
|-
|1965
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Ayee Milan Ki Bela]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Kartik |date=11 November 2025 |title=Veteran actor Dharmendra passes away at 89 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Nov/11/veteran-actor-dharmendra-passes-away-at-89 |work=Cinema Express |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|1967
|rowspan="4"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra, Raring to Go at 80 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/dharmendra-raring-to-go-at-80-21105 |work=NDTV |date=8 December 2015 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|1972
|''[[Mera Gaon Mera Desh]]''
|{{nom}}<ref name="HT_Dec2014">{{cite news |last1=Walter |first1=Neetika |date=8 December 2014 |title=Remembering some of his memorable performances on Dharmendra's 79th birthday! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/remembering-some-of-his-memorable-performances-on-dharmendra-s-79th-birthday/story-Q71BKI1yIM7rzOdLYyCW5J.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|1974
|''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]''
|{{nom}}<ref name="HT_Dec2014"/>
|-
|1975
|''[[Resham Ki Dori]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Tanya |date=20 August 2024 |title=Resham Ki Dori: वो फिल्म, जिसके लिए धर्मेंद्र को आखिरी बार मिला था बेस्ट एक्टर का नॉमिनेशन और उम्रभर की कसक - Dharmendra never won best actor filmfare award 50 years back last time nominated for film Resham Ki Dori |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-dharmendra-never-won-best-actor-filmfare-award-50-years-back-last-time-nominated-for-film-resham-ki-dori-23781266.html |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|1991
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]''
|{{won}}<ref name="BH_Jun2021"/>
|-
|1997
| [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
| —
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |title=When Dharmendra admitted he would attend award shows in a T-shirt and shorts: Throwback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/when-dharmendra-admitted-he-would-attend-award-shows-in-a-t-shirt-and-shorts-throwback/articleshow/105827105.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 December 2023 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Other awards and recognitions===
[[File:Dharmendra and Sunny Shah.jpg|thumb|Dharmendra being awarded the Babasaheb Ambedkar Nobel Award in 2017]]
* In the mid-seventies, Dharmendra was voted one of the most handsome men in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra, who was voted as one of the most handsome men in the 70s, is seen with his daughter Vijetta Deol at their residence. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/dharmendras-toi-archives-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/20148585.cms |access-date=12 August 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=20 May 2013 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007081437/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/dharmendras-toi-archives-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/20148585.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 1999, Lifetime Achievement at the Annual Kalakar Awards.<ref name="IE_Awards">{{cite news |title=Dharmendra - About |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/dharmendra/ |access-date=24 November 2025 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* He was a recipient of the "Living Legend Award" by the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry ([[FICCI]]) in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the Indian entertainment industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/film/News/2007/03article09.asp|title=FICCI-Frames award for Kamal Haasan|access-date=2 January 2009|last=Rangaraj|first=R.|date=14 March 2007|publisher=Channai Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023215117/http://archives.chennaionline.com/film/News/2007/03article09.asp|archive-date=23 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 2003 he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards.<ref>{{cite news|title=Devdas sweeps movie awards|work=The Statesman|date=29 March 2003}}</ref>
* In 2004, he was honoured for Best Contribution to Indian Cinema.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hrithik, Urmila win top honours at Zee awards ceremony|work=Daily Express|date=27 February 2004}}</ref>
* In 2005, he received the [[Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement]].<ref name="IE_Awards"/>
* In 2007, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the [[Pune International Film Festival]] (PIFF)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune International Film Festival |url=https://www.piffindia.com/PIFF-distinguished-awardees.php |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=www.piffindia.com}}</ref>
* In 2007, he received an [[IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2007 Winners |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/iifa-awards-winners/2007/117 |access-date=4 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804173051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/iifa-awards-winners/2007/117 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 2007, he received an award for Humanitarian Services to the Indian Nation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/dharmendra-gets-an-award/articleshow/2625065.cms|title=Dharmendra gets an award – Sunday TOI|work=The Times of India|date=16 December 2007|access-date=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213045710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2625065.cms|archive-date=13 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2007, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement award by DBR Entertainment.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200707060323.htm|title='Garam Dharam' still a hit with fans in US, Canada|access-date=2 January 2009|date=6 July 2007|work=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921125430/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200707060323.htm|archive-date=21 September 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2007, the [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] newspaper ''[[Quami Ekta]]'' honoured him for his contributions to Indian cinema.<ref name="Hindu"/>
* In 2008, he was named "Actor Par Excellence" at the Max [[Stardust Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2008 |title=MAX Stardust Awards 2008 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/28550_max-stardust-awards-2008 |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=afaqs! |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804172553/https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/28550_max-stardust-awards-2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 2008, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 10th [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image]] (MAMI) [[Mumbai Film Festival|International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21234&zoneid=4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206013021/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21234&zoneid=4|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2012|title=Dharmendra, Rishi Kapoor win at 10th M.A.M.I event|access-date=2 January 2009|date=14 March 2008|publisher=IBOS}}</ref>
* In 2009, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the [[Nashik]] International Film Festival (NIFF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dharamendra-asha-parekh-get-lifetime-achievement-award/497393|title=Dharamendra, Asha Parekh get lifetime achievement award|work=The Indian Express|date=3 August 2009|access-date=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907163014/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dharamendra-asha-parekh-get-lifetime-achievement-award/497393|archive-date=7 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

* In 2011, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the [[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hamaraphotos.com/photo_-440041.html|title=Dharmendra at 6th Apsara Film and Television Producers Guild Awards in BKC, Mumbai on 11th Jan 2011|website=Hamara Photos}}</ref>
* In 2011, he received a "Salaam Maharashtra Award" for completing 50 years in the film industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dharmendra Bags 'Salaam Maharashtra Award' For 50 Years in B'Town!|url=https://www.movietalkies.com/news/dharmendra-bags-salaam-maharashtra-award-for-50-years-in-btown/|access-date=26 June 2020|website=Movie Talkies|date=31 January 2011|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011132957/https://www.movietalkies.com/news/dharmendra-bags-salaam-maharashtra-award-for-50-years-in-btown/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2011, he was honoured with "The ITA Scroll Of Honour" at the [[Indian Television Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Amitabh-Dharmendra-honoured-at-Indian-Television-Awards/H1-Article1-750373.aspx|title=Amitabh, Dharmendra honoured at Indian Television Awards|date=26 September 2011|access-date=8 December 2011|publisher=[[The Hindustan Times|Hintustantimes]]|location=New Delhi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927021500/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Amitabh-Dharmendra-honoured-at-Indian-Television-Awards/H1-Article1-750373.aspx|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>
* In 2017, he was honoured with the Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Nobel award at Mumbai hosted by the International Human Rights Council.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 2017 |title=Dharmendra honoured with the Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Nobel Award |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/dharmendra-honoured-with-the-dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-nobel-award/story-RsRSaEGCLlZwNxjiW3umrI.html#:~:text=Dharmendra,%20along%20with%20several%20other,Bhaidas%20Hall%20in%20Juhu,%20Mumbai. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021181124/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/dharmendra-honoured-with-the-dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-nobel-award/story-RsRSaEGCLlZwNxjiW3umrI.html#:~:text=Dharmendra,%20along%20with%20several%20other,Bhaidas%20Hall%20in%20Juhu,%20Mumbai. |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 2020, he was honoured with a "Lifetime Achievement Award" by the state of [[New Jersey]] in United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran actor Dharmendra honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award by New Jersey Senate and General Assembly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/veteran-actor-dharmendra-honoured-with-lifetime-achievement-award-by-new-jersey-senate-and-general-assembly/videoshow/79928845.cms |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804155949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/veteran-actor-dharmendra-honoured-with-lifetime-achievement-award-by-new-jersey-senate-and-general-assembly/videoshow/79928845.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Hindi film actors]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |last=Banerjea |first=Koushik |title=Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema Through A Transnational Lens |publisher=Sage |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7619-3321-2 |editor-last=Kaur |editor-first=Raminder |chapter='Fight Club': Aesthetics, Hybridisation and the Construction of Rogue Masculinities in ''Sholay'' and ''Deewar'' |editor-last2=Sinha |editor-first2=Ajay J |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGtNhQsLl7wC&pg=PA176 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8oM0k2UNzMC |title=Sholay – The Making of a Classic |publisher=Penguin Books, India |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029970-X |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009030303/http://books.google.com/books?id=p8oM0k2UNzMC |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Elliott |first1=Emory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvPP_xmUwyUC&pg=PA37 |title=Global migration, social change, and cultural transformation |last2=Payne |first2=Jasmine |last3=Ploesch |first3=Patricia |publisher=Macmillan |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-230-60054-6 |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111233124/http://books.google.com/books?id=rvPP_xmUwyUC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Instagram}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{BH person}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAward}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmendra}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]

Meesha (film)

2026-03-22T08:59:10Z

BabulHossainjoy: put up a post

{{short description|Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Emcy Joseph
| writer = Emcy Joseph
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]]
*[[Hakim Shahjahan]]
*[[Shine Tom Chacko]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Suresh Rajan
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]
| music = [[Sooraj S. Kurup]]
| studio = Unicorn Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|8|1|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Meesha''''' ({{Translation|Moustache}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by Emcy Joseph and starring [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] (in his Malayalam film debut),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/meesha-actor-kathir-on-making-his-malayalam-debut-and-why-hes-done-playing-characters-just-for-sympathy|title='Meesha': Actor Kathir On Making His Malayalam Debut and Why He's Done Playing Characters Who Are Used 'Just For Sympathy'|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref> [[Hakim Shahjahan]] and [[Shine Tom Chacko]]. The film was released on 1 August 2025 to mixed reviews.

== Cast ==
*[[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] as Mithun
*[[Hakim Shahjahan]] as Anandhu
*[[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Kitho
*[[Sudhi Koppa]] as Imod
*[[Srikant Murali]]
*[[Jeo Baby]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-actor-jeo-baby-talks-about-his-outing-as-an-actor-in-meesha-and-being-an-actor-in-other-directors-films/article69845462.ece|title=Director-actor Jeo Baby talks about his outing as an actor in ‘Meesha’ and being an actor in other directors’ films|first=Shilpa Nair|last=Anand|date=25 July 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* Hasli Amaan
* Unni Lal

==Production==
The film was initially titled ''Kombu''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/meesha-star-hakim-shahjahan-it-is-easy-to-become-an-actor-but-survival-is-a-challenge-exclusive/0f0c9e2431603|title=Meesha star Hakim Shahjahan: 'It is easy to become an actor, but survival is a challenge...'| Exclusive|website=OTTPlay}}</ref> According to the director, the film is about shades of gray in male friendships, which don't include toxic masculinity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meesha-explores-the-shades-of-grey-in-male-friendships-says-director-emcy-joseph/article69877403.ece|title=‘Meesha’ explores the shades of grey in male friendships, says director Emcy Joseph|first=Shilpa Nair|last=Anand|date=31 July 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/interviews/2025/Jul/27/emcy-joseph-meesha-explores-greyer-shades-of-male-friendships|title=Emcy Joseph: Meesha explores greyer shades of male friendships|first=Vignesh|last=Madhu|date=27 July 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Sooraj S. Kurup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/meesha-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1835673991|title=Meesha (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Sooraj S. Kurup, The Imbachi, Shabareesh Varma & Dhanya Suresh Menon on Apple Music|date=25 August 2025|via=music.apple.com}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Moustache
| lyrics1 = The Imbachi, Sooraj S. Kurup
| extra1 = The Imbachi, Sooraj S. Kurup
| length1 = 2:29
| title2 = Thee Veyil
| lyrics2 = [[Shabareesh Varma]]
| extra2 = Arvind Venugopal, Chinmayi Kiranlal, Minya P Panikkar, Manita P Panikkar, Aavani Malhar, Krithikha S, Jerine Anna, Lal Krishna, Akhil Dev
| length2 = 3:21
| title3 = Meesha Trance
| lyrics3 = Sooraj S. Kurup
| extra3 = Sooraj S. Kurup
| length3 = 3:04
| title4 = Neriye
| lyrics4 = Dhanya Suresh Menon
| extra4 = [[Anthony Daasan]], Anila Rajeev
| length4 = 3:42
| title5 = Kadalayi
| lyrics5 = Dhanya Suresh Menon, Souparnika Rajagopal
| extra5 = Job Kurian, Souparnika Rajagopal
| length5 = 3:31
| title6 = Kaathe Kaalam
| lyrics6 = Dhanya Suresh Menon
| extra6 = Pranavya Das, Pavithra Das, Nandhagopan V, Sunil
| length6 = 3:43
| total_length = 19:50
}}

== Reception ==
Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]] India'' wrote, "More than the plot, it's Anandhu and Mithun, who deserved a better film and ending worthy of their friendship".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/meesha-movie-review-a-solid-survival-drama-that-loses-its-way-in-the-forest-kathir-shine-tom-chacko|title='Meesha' Movie Review: A Solid Survival Drama That Loses Its Way In The Forest|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref> Vignesh Madhu of the ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 2/5 stars and wrote, "At a time when mainstream films largely celebrate male friendships, it is refreshing to see someone going the extra mile to examine it from a different lens. Yet, it feels like an opportunity lost... in the wild".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2025/Aug/01/meesha-movie-review-a-promising-premise-undone-by-cluttered-execution|title=Meesha Movie Review: A promising premise undone by cluttered execution|first=Vignesh|last=Madhu|date=1 August 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[OnManorama]]'' wrote, "The film's absorbing premises and compelling characters, along with a gripping style of storytelling, keep you engrossed, though the narrative falls flat at times".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/08/02/meesha-movie-review-kathir-hakkim-malayalam-film.html|title='Meesha' movie review: Kathir, Hakkim Shah enliven characters in intriguing drama|website=OnManorama}}</ref> Gayathri Krishna of ''[[OTTplay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "The action thriller, which is set in a forest, is a compelling flick that explores friendship and the urge to give up the ones you value about the most in order to pursue your goals".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/meesha-review-kathir-hakim-shahjahan-emcy-joseph-sudhi-koppa-shine-tom-chacko/1e317bd46286|title=Meesha review: Kathir's film deals with friendship in its most unvarnished form|website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|33291804}}

[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]

Mahie Gill

2026-03-18T01:38:58Z

BabulHossainjoy: typo fix

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Mahie Gill
| birth_name = Rimpy Kaur Gill
| image = Mahie Gill at the Lakme Fashion Week 2013 - Day 3.jpg
| caption = Gill in 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[India]]
| spouse = Ravi Kesar
| occupation = Actress
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University]]
| yearsactive = 2003–present
| children = 1
}}

'''Rimpy Kaur Gill''', known professionally as '''Mahie Gill''' (born 19 December 1975), is an Indian actress who works primarily in Hindi and Punjabi-language films.<ref name="Marriage"/> She began her acting career in [[Punjabi cinema]] before making her Hindi film debut with ''[[Dev.D]]'' (2009), directed by [[Anurag Kashyap]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/i-dont-have-time-to-date-anyone-mahi-gill/515861 |title=I don't have time to date anyone: Mahi Gill |date=11 September 2009 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=11 May 2010 |archive-date=30 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930030257/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/i-dont-have-time-to-date-anyone-mahi-gill/515861 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://expressbuzz.com/entertainment/Hindi/mahi-gill-a-girl-on-the-verge/81006.html |title=Mahi Gill: A girl on the verge |date=3 July 2009 |publisher=Express Buzz (Indian Express)}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Gill received wider recognition for her portrayal of Paro in ''Dev.D'', a modern adaptation of [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]’s novella ''Devdas'', for which she won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress in 2010. She later appeared as Madhavi Devi in ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster]]'' and its sequel [[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns|''Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns'']].

==Early life and education==
Gill was born in [[Chandigarh]] in a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Jat Sikh]] family on 19 December in 1975.<ref name="Marriage">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/My-first-marriage-failed-because-I-was-immature-Mahie/articleshow/17541925.cms |title=My first marriage failed because I was immature: Mahie |last=Wadhwa |first=Akash |date=10 December 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 September 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918020957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/My-first-marriage-failed-because-I-was-immature-Mahie/articleshow/17541925.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She completed her master's degree in theater from [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Life History Of Celebrity And Actress Mahi Gill |url=http://www.insidestorymedia.com/life-history-of-bollywood-actress-mahi-gill/ |access-date=6 July 2013 |archive-date=21 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082737/http://www.insidestorymedia.com/life-history-of-bollywood-actress-mahi-gill/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Gill got her first break with the [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] based [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Hawayein (2003 film)|Hawayein]]'' and has done a couple of [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films along with theatre. Anurag first saw her at a party and instantly finalized her to play the character of Paro in the movie ''[[Dev D]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Neelima |title=Mahi Gill: A girl on the verge |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article90503.ece?service=print |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=30 April 2016 |date=3 July 2009 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531143745/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article90503.ece?service=print |url-status=dead}}</ref> She worked in Ram Gopal Verma's ''[[Not a Love Story (2011 film)|Not a Love Story]]'', which was based on the Niraj Grover Murder case of 2008.<ref>{{cite web |agency=Inter-Asian News Service |title=It was difficult working in 'Not A Love Story': Mahi Gill |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/it-was-difficult-working-in-not-a-love-story-mahi-gill/128986 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=30 April 2016 |date=21 July 2011 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506015332/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/it-was-difficult-working-in-not-a-love-story-mahi-gill/128986 |url-status=live}}</ref> She also worked in ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster]]'' with [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] and [[Randeep Hooda]], which was released on 30 September 2011. This movie earned her a nomination at the Filmfare Awards for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2011 - Nominations List |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2011-nominations-list-10532.html |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 April 2016 |date=20 January 2012 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602113829/http://www.indiatimes.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2011-nominations-list-10532.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gill appeared in ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'' with [[Irrfan Khan]]. It is the true story of an athlete who became a [[dacoit]]. In this, she played the title character's wife. Gill made her Telugu debut with [[Apoorva Lakhia]]'s film ''[[Toofan (2013 film)|Thoofan]]'', simultaneously shot with the Hindi version, ''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Zanjeer]]''. She did her first ever [[item number]] in [[Tigmanshu Dhulia]]'s film ''[[Bullett Raja]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-next-item/article4469156.ece |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=Harshikaa |last=Udasi |title=The next item |date=2 March 2013 |access-date=6 September 2013 |archive-date=1 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601032848/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-next-item/article4469156.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

Mahie Gill to be next seen in upcoming web series '[[1962: The War in the Hills|1962 The War In The Hills]]', directed by [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]. The series features [[Abhay Deol]], [[Sumeet Vyas]], [[Akash Thosar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=1962 The War In The Hills trailer out. Abhay Deol's Indo-China war drama looks epic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/1962-the-war-in-the-hills-trailer-out-abhay-deol-s-indo-china-war-drama-looks-epic-1769458-2021-02-15 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gill has lived in [[Goa]] and has a daughter, Veronica.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/mahie-gill-i-am-unmarried-and-mother-of-a-three-year-old-girl/videoshow/70046137.cms |title=Mahie Gill: I am unmarried and mother of a three-year-old girl |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703035633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/mahie-gill-i-am-unmarried-and-mother-of-a-three-year-old-girl/videoshow/70046137.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, she confirmed that she is married to Ravi Kesar.<ref name="Confirmation">{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mahie-gill-confirms-married-ravi-kesar/ |title=Mahie Gill confirms that she is married to Ravi Kesar |date=18 August 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahie Gill Marriage: Mahie Gill marries again, confirms wedding to actor-entrepreneur Ravi Kesar |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/mahie-gill-marries-again-confirms-wedding-to-actor-entrepreneur-ravi-kesar/amp_articleshow/99584371.cms |access-date=4 January 2026 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>
==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes !! {{abbr|Ref(s).|Reference}}
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Hawayein (2003 film)|Hawayein]]'' || Laaliii || [[Hindi]] || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Hawayein - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=568 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || ''Khushi Mil Gayee'' || || rowspan="2" | Punjabi || ||<ref name="MGTOI">{{cite news |title=Mahie Gill |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/photo-stories/womens-day-special-leading-ladies-of-punjabi-cinema/photostory/63215482.cms?picid=63215493 |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 March 2018 |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229075015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/photo-stories/womens-day-special-leading-ladies-of-punjabi-cinema/photostory/63215482.cms?picid=63215493 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || ''Sirf Panch Din'' || || || <ref name="MGTOI"></ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007 || ''[[Khoya Khoya Chand]]'' || Starlet at Prem Kumar's house || [[Hindi]] || || <ref>{{cite news |title=Mahi getting in shape to sport bikini |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/318537/mahi-getting-shape-sport-bikini.html |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |publisher=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=13 March 2013 |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229081221/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/318537/mahi-getting-shape-sport-bikini.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mitti Wajaan Maardi]]'' || Raani || rowspan="2" | Punjabi || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Mitti Wajaan Maardi |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mitti_wajaan_maardi |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2008 || ''Chak De Phatte'' || Simran || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Chakk de Phatte |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/chak_de_phatte |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2009 || ''[[Dev.D]]'' || Parminder 'Paro' || rowspan="11" | Hindi || [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] || <ref>{{cite news |last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |title='3 Idiots,' 'DevD' top Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/3-idiots-devd-top-filmfare-21157/ |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=28 February 2010 |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229083235/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/3-idiots-devd-top-filmfare-21157/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dev D Awards: List of Awards won by Hindi movie Dev D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/dev-d/movieawards/61295434.cms |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 October 2009}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gulaal (film)|Gulaal]]'' || Madhuri || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Gulaal Cast List {{!}} Gulaal Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gulaal/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 March 2009 |access-date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Ssaat]]'' || Dolly || Credited as Rimpy Gill || <ref>{{cite web |title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Ssaat - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1011 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229084328/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aagey Se Right]]'' || Sonia Bhatt || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Aagey Se Right - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=165 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''[[Dabangg]]'' || Nirmala || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Film review: Dabangg |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/film-review-dabangg-81793-2010-09-09 |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=9 October 2010 |language=en}}{{rating|4|5}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mirch]]'' || || Special appearance in an item number || <ref>{{cite news |title=Mahie Gill faints on sets of Mirch |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mahie-gill-faints-on-sets-of-mirch-325294.html |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=21 September 2009 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[Utt Pataang]]'' || Sanjana Mahadik || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Udasi |first=Harshikaa |title=Gill and the gloss |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Gill-and-the-gloss/article15540865.ece |url-access=limited |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=31 January 2011 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Not a Love Story (2011 film)|Not a Love Story]]'' || Anusha Chawla || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |title=Not A Love Story: Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/not-a-love-story-movie-review/articleshow/9637673.cms |access-date=29 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 August 2011 |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229120620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/not-a-love-story-movie-review/articleshow/9637673.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster]]'' || Madhavi Devi || Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] || <ref>{{cite web |title=Mahie Gill Awards & Nominations - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/mahie-gill/awards/nominated/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Michael (2011 Indian film)|Michael]]'' || Rwitika || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Michael |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/michael_2011_2 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=30 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230002128/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/michael_2011_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012 || ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'' || Indira || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Paan Singh Tomar - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=15 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230002656/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Carry On Jatta]]'' || Mahie Kaur || Punjabi || || <ref>{{cite news |title=Gippy Grewal's 'Carry On Jatta 3' to go on floors in October, release date announced |url=https://theprint.in/features/gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-to-go-on-floors-in-october-release-date-announced/897550/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[ThePrint]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=1 April 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230003803/https://theprint.in/features/gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-to-go-on-floors-in-october-release-date-announced/897550/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' || Nirmala Pandey || rowspan="6" | Hindi || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Dabangg 2 Movie Review: Dabangg 2 will centre around Chulbul Pandey as its central character. Only the backdrop this time round will be a posh metropolitan city and not a gaon. You see, Chulbul Pandey will be transferred to a city and will mingle with the elite, but will retain his simplistic flavour and values. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dabangg-2/critic-review/dabangg-2-movie-review/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |date=20 December 2012 |language=en}}{{rating|4|5}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013 ||''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns]]''|| Madhavi Devi || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |title=Anupama Chopra's review: Sahib Biwi Aur Gangster Returns |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-sahib-biwi-aur-gangster-returns/story-mwca4pdaLEuuhUnx3NwU6I.html |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 March 2013 |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211083756/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-sahib-biwi-aur-gangster-returns/story-mwca4pdaLEuuhUnx3NwU6I.html |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Zanjeer]]'' || Mona || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Ghoshal |first=Arkadev |title=A ghost of the namesake |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/355775/a-ghost-namesake.html |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=7 September 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zanjeer Cast List {{!}} Zanjeer Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zanjeer-3/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=6 September 2013 |access-date=30 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230013054/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zanjeer-3/cast/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bullett Raja]]'' || Special appearance in song "Don't Touch My Body"|| || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bullett Raja (2013) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/51c38006cb305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921122300/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/51c38006cb305 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2021 |website=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=30 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mahie Gill shoots item number for Bullet Raja |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mahie-gill-shoots-item-number-for-bullet-raja-610616 |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=6 February 2013 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230015931/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mahie-gill-shoots-item-number-for-bullet-raja-610616 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gang of Ghosts]]'' ||Manoranjana Kumari || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Movie Review: Gang Of Ghosts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-gang-of-ghosts/ |url-access=limited |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 March 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230021613/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-gang-of-ghosts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || rowspan="2" | ''[[Buddha in a Traffic Jam]]'' || rowspan="2" | Charu Siddhu || || <ref>{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title=Film review: 'Buddha in a Traffic Jam' has the perfect business plan for revolution |url=https://scroll.in/article/808052/film-review-buddha-in-a-traffic-jam-has-the-perfect-business-plan-for-revolution |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=13 May 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616100402/https://scroll.in/article/808052/film-review-buddha-in-a-traffic-jam-has-the-perfect-business-plan-for-revolution |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|English
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2015 || ''[[Shareek]]'' || Jassi || Punjabi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Hey Bro]]'' || Special appearance in the song "Bulbul"|| Hindi ||
|
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Aatishbazi Ishq]]'' ||Veera'n|| Punjabi || Also Producer
|
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Wedding Anniversary]]'' || Kahaani || Hindi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 || ''[[Phamous]]'' ||Teacher Rosy|| rowspan="6" | Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]'' ||Madhavi Devi||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019 ||''[[Family of Thakurganj]]''||Sharbati||
|
|-
| ''[[Posham Pa]]'' || Prajakta Deshpande ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020 ||''[[Durgamati]]''||Satakshi Ganguly||
|
|-
|''[[Doordarshan (film)|Doordarshan]]''
|Priya Bhateja aka Billo
|
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Jora: The Second Chapter]]''
|Rajveer Randhawa
|Punjabi
|
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Naam (2024 film)|Naam]]''
|Mahi
|Hindi
|
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Platform
|-
|2018
|''[[Apharan (web series)|Apharan - Sabka Katega]]''
|Madhu Tyagi/Malini
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|[[ALTBalaji]]
|-
|2019
|''[[Fixerr]]''
|Kesar Maalik
|ALTBalaji and [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]
|-
|2021
|''[[1962: The War in the Hills]]''
|Shagun Singh
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| rowspan="2" |''[[Your Honor (web series)|Your Honor]]''
| rowspan="2" |Yashpreert
|Hindi
| rowspan="2" |[[SonyLIV]]
|-
|Punjabi
|}

==Awards and nominations==

;[[Filmfare Awards]]
* 2010: [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]; ''[[Dev.D]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=3 Idiots shines at Filmfare Awards |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-28/news/27604264_1_popular-choice-awards-karan-johar-tweets-ujaala-dikhaane-jaisa-hai |access-date=6 July 2013 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=28 February 2010 |archive-date=17 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617001530/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-28/news/27604264_1_popular-choice-awards-karan-johar-tweets-ujaala-dikhaane-jaisa-hai |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Filmfare Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]; ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster]]'' (nominated)<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Nominations 2011 – 2012 |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/filmfare-awards-nominations-2011-2012/ |publisher=Indicine |access-date=6 July 2013 |archive-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207171305/http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/filmfare-awards-nominations-2011-2012/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

;[[Screen Awards]]
* 2010: [[Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]; ''Dev.D''<ref>{{cite web |title=Star Screen Awards Winners 2009 – 2010 |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/star-screen-awards-winners-2009-2010/ |publisher=Indicine |access-date=6 July 2013 |archive-date=9 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109180947/http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/star-screen-awards-winners-2009-2010/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

;[[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]]
* 2010: [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|IIFA Star Debut Award]]; ''Dev.D''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raina |first1=Shilpa |last2=Kher |first2=Ruchika |title='3 Idiots' Triumphs at IIFA Vidya, Kareena are Best Actresses |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=78686 |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[Daijiworld Media|Daijiworld]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=6 June 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100607/main6.htm |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune India]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=6 June 2010}}</ref>
* 2010: [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]; ''Dev D'' (nominated)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2010 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/980/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=22 February 2014 |date=8 May 2010 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301145316/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/980/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2012: Best Actress; ''Saheb Biwi aur Gangster'' (nominated)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2012 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3351/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=22 February 2014 |date=5 May 2012 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301145402/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3351/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

;[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
* 2013: Most Entertaining Actor in a Thriller Film – Female; ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations for 4th Big Star Entertainment Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5890 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=23 February 2014 |date=12 December 2013 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182337/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5890 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{BH person|mahie-gill}}
* {{Facebook|MahieGillOnline}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Mahi Gill
|list=
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestActress}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Mahi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Ravi Namade

2026-03-15T04:06:10Z

BabulHossainjoy: started a post

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ravi Namade
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| years_active = 1975–1988
| known_for = ''[[Ek Daav Bhutacha]]''
}}

'''Ravi Namade''' was an Indian [[film director]] known for ''[[Ek Daav Bhutacha]]'', for which he received many accolades for best direction, including [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]], [[Baburao Painter|Baburao Painter Award]] (second price).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4_BBTqD6q4C&q=ravi+namade |title=People's Raj |date=1982 |publisher=Directorate-General of Information and Public Relations. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217180115/https://books.google.com/books?id=N4_BBTqD6q4C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=ravi+namade&q=ravi+namade&hl=en |archive-date=2023-12-17 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title='एक डाव भुताचा','खरं कधी बोलू नये','रेशीमगाठी' सिनेमांचे दिग्दर्शक रविन्द्र नमाडे यांचे निधन |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-mb-wellknown-marathi-director-ravi-namade-no-more-5232239-nor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124173625/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-mb-wellknown-marathi-director-ravi-namade-no-more-5232239-nor.html |archive-date=2022-01-24 |website=[[Divya Marathi]]}}</ref> Namade also worked as an assistant director for the films [[Deewar (1975 film)|''Deewar'']] (1975), [[Trishul (film)|''Trishul'']] (1978), ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'' (1979), ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'' (1981) with [[Bollywood]] film producer and director [[Yash Chopra]].<ref name=":1" />

== Filmography ==

=== Director ===

* ''[[Ek Daav Bhutacha]]'' (1982)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ek Daav Bhutacha (1982) |url=https://indiancine.ma/WMU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503050426/https://indiancine.ma/WMU/info |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
* ''[[Khara Kadhi Bolu Naye]]'' (1987)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khara Kadhi Bolu Naye (1987) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ABWY |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217175414/https://indiancine.ma/ABWY/info |archive-date=2023-12-17 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
* ''Reshimgathi'' (1988)<ref name=":1" />

=== Assistant director ===

* [[Deewar (1975 film)|''Deewar'']] (1975)
* [[Trishul (film)|''Trishul'']] (1978)
* ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'' (1981)<ref name=":1" />

== Awards ==

* [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]] - Best director (''[[Ek Daav Bhutacha]]'')<ref name=":1" />
* [[Baburao Painter|Baburao Painter Award]] - Best director (''Ek Daav Bhutacha'')<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
Ravi Namade died in [[Pune]], Maharashtra aged 65.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=7893154}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namade, Ravi}}
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]

2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-08T10:21:51Z

BabulHossainjoy: update details for accuracy after review

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
| country = India
| flag_year =
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| party_colour = yes
| previous_election = 2007 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
| previous_year = 2007
| next_election = 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2017
| seats_for_election = All 403 seats of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 202
| election_date = {{Start date|df=y|2012|02|08}} – {{End date|df=y|2012|03|03}}
| turnout = 59.40% ({{increase}} 13.44%)

| party1 = Samajwadi Party
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav, addressing at the National Development Council, New Delhi on December 9, 2006 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=06}}
| leader1 = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| leader_since1 = 1992
| alliance1 = -
| leaders_seat1 = ''didn't stand''
| seats_before1 = 97
| seats1 = '''224'''
| seats_after1 =
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 127
| popular_vote1 = '''22,090,571'''
| percentage1 = '''29.15%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 3.72%
| party2 = Bahujan Samaj Party
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mayawati.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader2 = [[Mayawati]]
| leader_since2 = 1995
| alliance2 = -
| leaders_seat2 = [[Member of Legislative Council|MLC]]
| seats_before2 = 206
| seats2 = 80
| seats_after2 =
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 126
| popular_vote2 = 19,647,303
| percentage2 = 25.91%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 4.52%
| party4 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=09}}
| leader4 = [[Uma Bharti]]
| leader_since4 = 2012
| alliance4 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| leaders_seat4 = [[Charkhari Assembly constituency|Charkhari]]
| seats_before4 = 51
| seats4 = 47
| seats_after4 =
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 4
| popular_vote4 = 11,371,080
| percentage4 = 15.00%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 1.97%
| party5 = Indian National Congress
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Raaj Babbar.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader5 = [[Raj Babbar]]
| alliance5 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| leader_since5 = 2009
| leaders_seat5 = ''Did not contest''
| seats_before5 = 22
| seats5 = 28
| seats_after5 =
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 6
| popular_vote5 = 8,832,895<ref name=ECI>{{cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh 2012 - Uttar Pradesh - Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/|access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref>
| percentage5 = 11.63%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 3.04%
| party7 = Rashtriya Lok Dal
| image7 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ajit Singh at press conference.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=17}}
| leader7 = [[Chaudhary Ajit Singh|Ajit Singh]]
| leader_since7 = 1996
| alliance7 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| leaders_seat7 = ''Did not contest''
| seats_before7 = 10
| seats7 = 9
| seats_after7 =
| seat_change7 = {{decrease}} 1
| popular_vote7 = 1,763,354
| percentage7 = 2.33%
| swing7 = {{decrease}} 1.37%
| party8 = Peace Party of India
| image8 =
| leader8 = [[Mohamed Ayub]]
| leader_since8 = 2008
| alliance8 = -
| leaders_seat8 = [[Khalilabad Assembly constituency|Khalilabad]]
| seats_before8 = ''new party''
| seats8 = 4
| seats_after8 =
| seat_change8 = ''new party''
| popular_vote8 = 1,785,228
| percentage8 = 2.82%
| swing8 = ''new party''
| map_image = 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election Result Map.svg
| map_size = 350px
| map_caption = Seatwise Result Map of the election
| map2_image = Bharat Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha 2012.svg
| map2_size = 350px
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] after the election
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Mayawati]]
| after_election = [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
| before_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| after_party = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
}}
The '''2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election''' followed as a result the expiration of the five-year term of [[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections|the previous legislature elected]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. The election to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] was held in seven phases from 8 February through 3 March 2012. Uttar Pradesh has the world's largest population for a sub-national democracy. The incumbent [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|chief minister]] [[Mayawati]]'s [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], which previously won an [[absolute majority]] of seats, was defeated by [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]'s [[Samajwadi Party]], which gained an absolute majority in the election. Mulayam's son and Samajwadi party state president [[Akhilesh Yadav]] was nominated as [[chief minister]] by the party.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Samajwadi-Party-announces-Akhilesh-Yadav-as-the-new-chief-minister-of-UP/articleshow/12207765.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312212512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/india/31142531_1_akhilesh-yadav-shivpal-singh-yadav-kannauj |url-status=live |archive-date=12 March 2012 |title=Samajwadi Party announces Akhilesh Yadav as the new chief minister of UP |date=10 March 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>

==Background==
Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India in terms of [[2011 census of India|population]], but the fourth largest in terms of [[states of India|landmass]] after the bifurcation to create [[Uttarakhand]]. It is also considered politically important because of the number of seats it returns to the ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' and as including the [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituencies]] of such nationally notable figures as [[Sonia Gandhi]], [[Rahul Gandhi]], [[Varun Gandhi]] and [[Maneka Gandhi]] of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]] dynasty. It was also previously the home of Prime Ministers [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].

The [[Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|legislative assembly]] has 403 seats, 206 of which were won by the BSP in the previous election.<ref>[http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/15thassemblypartywiselisthindi23-11-2010.htm 15th Legislative Assembly Partywise Members List 07-06-2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719173339/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/15thassemblypartywiselisthindi23-11-2010.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}. Uplegisassembly.gov.in. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

==Schedule==
Initially the ECI announced on 24 December 2011 that the election will occur in seven phases on 4, 8, 11, 15, 19, 23 and 28 February and the results will be declared on 3 March.<ref>{{cite web |title=ECI announces assembly election dates for 5 states, code of conduct with immediate effect Manipur to go for polls on January 28, 2012 |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=18..251211.dec11 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Later, the date for announcement of result was changed to 6 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN24122011.pdf|title=ECI Press Note Dec 24, 2011|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/pn09012012.pdf|title=ECI Press Note Jan 09, 2012|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

On 9 January, the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] had announced that the original date of 4 February for the first phase had been changed to 3 March, while vote counting had moved from 4 to 6 March<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/uttar-pradesh-first-phase-poll-shifted-to-march-3-counting-march-6-lead_100589531.html Uttar Pradesh first phase poll shifted to March 3, counting March 6 (Lead) – Thaindian News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301102544/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/uttar-pradesh-first-phase-poll-shifted-to-march-3-counting-march-6-lead_100589531.html |date=1 March 2012 }}. Thaindian.com (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> due to celebrations for ''[[Barawafat]]'', for which an Election Commission official said that: "There were concerns people would not be able to come out to exercise their franchise."
<ref>[https://archive.today/20120701143704/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-09/india/30606825_1_first-phase-poll-panel-elections First phase elections in UP is rescheduled to March 3]. Times of India (9 January 2012) Retrieved on 23 January 2012.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Phase
! Date
! Constituency (with ECI Assembly constituency number)
|-
| I<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 55 Assembly constituencies going to polls in first phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-55-assembly-constituencies-first-phase-polls-92258-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|8 February
|145. Maholi, 146. Sitapur 147. Hargaon ([[Scheduled Caste|SC]]) 148. Laharpur 149. Biswan 150. Sevata 151. Mahmoodabad 152. Sidhauli (SC) 153. Misrikh (SC) 266. Kursi 267. Ram Nagar 268. Barabanki 269. Zaidpur (SC) 270. Dariyabad 271. Rudauli 272. Haidergarh (SC) 273. Milkipur (SC) 274. Bikapur 275. Ayodhya 276. Goshainganj 277. Katehari 278. Tanda 279. Alapur (SC) 280. Jalalpur 281. Akbarpur 282. Balha (SC) 283. Nanpara 284. Matera 285. Mahasi 286. Bahraich 287. Payagpur 288. Kaiserganj 289. Bhinga 290. Shrawasti 291. Tulsipur 292. Gainsari 293. Utraula 294. Balrampur (SC) 295. Mehnaun 296. Gonda 297. Katra Bazar 298. Colonelganj 299. Tarabganj 300. Mankapur (SC) 301. Gaura 302. Shohratgarh 303. Kapilvastu (SC) 304. Bansi 305. Itwa 306. Domariyaganj 307. Harraiya 308. Kaptanganj 309. Rudhauli 310. Basti Sadar 311. Mahadewa (SC)
|-
| II<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 59 Assembly constituencies going to polls in second phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-59-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-second-phase-92259-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoady.in}}</ref>
|11 February
|312. Menhdawal, 313. Khalilabad 314. Dhanghata (SC) 315. Pharenda 316. Nautanwa 317. Siswa 318. Maharajganj (SC) 319. Paniyra 320. Caimpiyarganj 321. Pipraich 322. Gorakhpur Urban 323. Gorakhpur Rural 324. Sahajanwa 325. Khajani (SC) 326. Chauri-Chaura 327. Bansgaon (SC) 328. Chillupar 329. Khadda 330. Padrauna 331. Tamkuhi Raj 332. Fazilnagar 333. Kushinagar 334. Hata 335. Ramkola (SC) 336. Rudrapur 337. Deoria 338. Pathardeva 339. Rampur Karkhana 340. Bhatpar Rani 341. Salempur (SC) 342. Barhaj 343. Atrauliya 344. Gopalpur 345. Sagri 346. Mubarakpur 347. Azamgarh 348. Nizamabad 349. Phoolpur-Pawai 350. Didarganj 351. Lalganj (SC) 352. Mehnagar (SC) 353. Madhuban 354. Ghosi 355. Muhammadabad- Gohna (SC) 356. Mau 357. Belthara Road (SC) 358. [[Rasra|Rasara]] 359. Sikanderpur 360. [[Phephna|Phephana]] 361. [[Ballia|Ballia Nagar]] 362. Bansdih 363. Bairia 373. Jakhanian (SC) 374. Saidpur (SC) 375. Ghazipur 376. Jangipur 377. Zahoorabad 378. Mohammadabad 379. Zamania
|-
|III<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 56 Assembly constituencies going to polls in third phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-56-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-third-phase-92260-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|15 February
|184. Jagdishpur (SC), 185.Gauriganj 186.Amethi 187. Isauli 188. Sultanpur 189. Sadar 190. Lambhua 191. Kadipur (SC) 251. Sirathu 252. Manjhanpur (SC) 253. Chail 254. Phaphamau 255. Soraon (SC) 256. Phulpur 257. Pratappur 258. Handia 259. Meja 260. Karachhana 261.Allahabad West 262.Allahabad North 263.Allahabad South 264. Bara (SC) 265. Koraon (SC) 364. Badlapur 365. Shahganj 366. Jaunpur 367. Malhani 368.Mungra Badshahpur 369. Machhlishahr (SC) 370. Mariyahu 371. Zafrabad 372. Kerakat (SC) 380.Mughalsarai 381. Sakaldiha 382. Saiyadraja 383. Chakia (SC) 384. Pindra 385.Ajagara (SC) 386. Shivpur 387. [[Rohaniya Assembly constituency|Rohaniya]] 388. [[Varanasi North Assembly constituency|Varanasi North]] 389. [[Varanasi South Assembly constituency|Varanasi South]] 390. [[Varanasi Cantt. Assembly constituency|Varanasi Cantt.]] 391. [[Sevapuri Assembly constituency|Sevapuri]] 392. Bhadohi 393.Gyanpur 394.Aurai (SC) 395.Chhanbey (SC) 396. Mirzapur 397. Majhawan 398. Chunar 399. Marihan 400.Ghorawal 401. Robertsganj 402.Obra 403. Duddhi (SC)
|-
|IV<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 56 Assembly constituencies going to polls in fourth phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-56-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-fourth-phase-92261-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|19 February
|154. [[Sawayazpur Assembly constituency|Sawayazpur]], 155. [[Shahabad Assembly constituency|Shahabad]] 156. [[Hardoi Assembly constituency|Hardoi]] 157.Gopamau (SC) 158. Sandi (SC) 159. Bilgram Mallanwan 160. Balamau (SC) 161. Sandila 162. Bangermau 163. Safipur (SC) 164.Mohan (SC) 165. Unnao 166. Bhagwantnagar 167. Purwa 168. Malihabad (SC) 169. Bakshi Kaa Talab 170. Sarojini Nagar 171. Lucknow West 172. Lucknow North 173. Lucknow East 174. Lucknow Central 175. Lucknow Cantt. 176.Mohanlalganj (SC) 177. Bachhrawan (SC) 178. Tiloi 179. Harchandpur 180. Rae Bareli 181. Salon (SC) 182. Sareni 183. Unchahar 192. Kaimganj (SC) 193.Amritpur 194. Farrukhabad 195. Bhojpur 196. Chhibramau 197. Tirwa 198. Kannauj (SC) 232. Tindwari 233. Baberu 234. Naraini (SC) 235. Banda 236. Chitrakoot 237. Manikpur 238. Jahanabad 239. Bindki 240. Fatehpur 241. Ayah Shah 242. Husainganj 243. Khaga (SC) 244. Rampur Khas 245. Babaganj (SC) 246. Kunda 247. Vishwanath Ganj 248. Pratapgarh 249. Patti 250. Raniganj
|-
|V<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 49 Assembly constituencies going to polls in fifth phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-49-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-fifth-phase-92262-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|23 February
|95.Tundla (SC), 96.Jasrana 97.Firozabad 98.Shikohabad 99.Sirsaganj 100. Kasganj 101.Amanpur 102. Patiyali 103.Aliganj 104. Etah 105. Marhara 106. Jalesar (SC) 107. Mainpuri 108. Bhongaon 109. Kishni (SC) 110. Karhal 199. Jaswantnagar 200. Etawah 201. Bharthana (SC) 202. Bidhuna 203. Dibiyapur 204.Auraiya (SC) 205. Rasulabad (SC) 206.Akbarpur-Raniya 207. Sikandra 208. Bhognipur 209. Bilhaur (SC) 210. Bithoor 211. Kalyanpur 212.Govindnagar 213. Sishamau 214.Arya Nagar 215. Kidwai Nagar 216. Kanpur Cantt. 217. Maharajpur 218.Ghatampur (SC) 219. Madhaugarh 220. Kalpi 221.Orai (SC) 222. Babina 223. [[Jhansi Nagar Assembly constituency|Jhansi Nagar]] 224. Mauranipur (SC) 225.Garautha 226. Lalitpur 227. Mehroni (SC) 228. Hamirpur 229. Rath (SC) 230. Mahoba 231. Charkhari
|-
|VI<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 68 Assembly constituencies going to polls in sixth phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-68-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-sixth-phase-92263-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|28 February
|1. Behat, 2. [[Nakur Assembly constituency|Nakur]] 3. Saharanpur Nagar 4. Saharanpur 5. Deoband 6. Rampur Maniharan (SC) 7. Gangoh 8. Kairana 9. Thana Bhawan 10.Shamli 11.Budhana 12.Charthawal 13.[[Purqazi Assembly constituency|Purqazi (SC)]] 14.Muzaffar Nagar 15.Khatauli 16.Meerapur 43.Siwalkhas 44.Sardhana 45.Hastinapur (SC) 46.Kithore 47.Meerut Cantt. 48.Meerut 49.Meerut South 50.Chhaprauli 51.Baraut 52.Baghpat 53.Loni 54.Muradnagar 55.Sahibabad 56.Ghaziabad 57.Modi Nagar 58.Dhaulana 59.Hapur (SC) 60.Garhmukteshwar 61.Noida 62.Dadri 63.Jewar 64.Sikandrabad 65.Bulandshahr 66.Syana 67.Anupshahr 68.Debai 69.Shikarpur 70.Khurja (SC) 71.Khair (SC) 72. Barauli 73.Atrauli 74.Chharra 75.Koil 76.Aligarh 77.Iglas (SC) 78.Hathras (SC) 79.Sadabad 80.Sikandra Rao 81.Chhata 82.Mant 83.Goverdhan 84.Mathura 85.Baldev (SC) 86.Etmadpur 87.Agra Cantt. (SC) 88.Agra South 89.Agra North 90.Agra Rural (SC) 91.Fatehpur Sikri 92.Kheragarh 93.Fatehabad 94.Bah
|-
|VII<ref>{{cite web |title=UP elections: List of 60 Assembly constituencies going to polls in seventh phase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/up-elections-list-of-60-assembly-constituencies-going-to-polls-in-seventh-phase-92264-2012-02-07 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>
|3 March
|17. Najibabad, 18. Nagina (SC) 19. Barhapur 20. [[Dhampur Assembly constituency|Dhampur]] 21. Nehtaur (SC) 22. Bijnor 23. Chandpur 24. Noorpur 25. Kanth 26. Thakurdwara 27. Moradabad Rural 28. Moradabad Nagar 29. Kundarki 30. Bilari 31. Chandausi (SC) 32. Asmoli 33. Sambhal 34. Suar 35. Chamraua 36. Bilaspur 37. Rampur 38. [[Milak Assembly constituency|Milak]] (SC) 39. Dhanaura (SC) 40. Naugawan Sadat 41. Amroha 42. Hasanpur 111. [[Gunnaur Assembly constituency|Gunnaur]] 112. Bisauli (SC) 113. Sahaswan 114. Bilsi 115. Badaun 116. Shekhupur 117. Dataganj 118. Baheri 119. Meerganj 120. Bhojipura 121. Nawabganj 122. Faridpur (SC) 123. Bithari Chainpur 124. Bareilly 125. Bareilly Cantt. 126. Aonla 127. Pilibhit 128. Barkhera 129. Puranpur (SC) 130. Bisalpur 131. Katra 132. Jalalabad 133. Tilhar 134. Powayan (SC) 135. Shahjahanpur 136. Dadraul 137. Palia 138. Nighasan 139. Gola Gokrannath 140. Sri Nagar (SC) 141. Dhaurahra 142. Lakhimpur 143. Kasta (SC) 144. Mohammdi
|}

==Parties==
A total of 223 parties vied for the 403 seats in the legislative assembly. This was an increase compared to the previous election which featured 131 parties who had filed candidates.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Crorepatis-have-a-better-strike-rate/articleshow/12225822.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714192355/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-12/lucknow/31152110_1_sp-mlas-samajwadi-party-mlas-assembly-elections | url-status=live | archive-date=14 July 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Crorepatis have a better strike rate | date=12 March 2012}}</ref> The parties represented in the previous legislature were:
* [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) (''incumbent'') (contested 403 seats<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Elections 2012: Counting to be held tomorrow |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/india-assembly-elections-2012-counting-95026-2012-03-05 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>)
* [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) (''Resulting majority elected to power'')
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
* [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (pre-election alliance with RLD<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/26553-samajwadi-sweep-in-uttar-pradesh-congress-begs-to-differ |title=Samajwadi sweep, Congress begs to differ |publisher=Newsbullet.in |date=28 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428012142/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/26553-samajwadi-sweep-in-uttar-pradesh-congress-begs-to-differ |archive-date=28 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>)
* [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] (RLD) (pre-election alliance with INC)
* [[Rashtriya Parivartan Dal]]
* Akhil Bhartiya Loktantrik Congress
* [[United Democratic Party (Uttar Pradesh)|United Democratic Party]]
* Bharatiya Jan Shakti
* [[Jan Morcha]]
* [[Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party]]
* [[Peace Party of India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/state-elections-2012/up/up-assembly-elections-2012-an-overview_761585.html|title=UP Assembly elections 2012 – an overview|publisher=ZEE NEWS | date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]<ref name=Apna_Dal>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/apna-dal-allies-with-nda/article5826609.ece|title=Apna Dal allies with NDA|newspaper=THE HINDU | date=25 March 2014}}</ref>
* [[Quami Ekta Dal]]<ref name="THE ECONOMIC TIMES">{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-04/news/31024816_1_bsp-women-candidates-upew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202034201/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-04/news/31024816_1_bsp-women-candidates-upew|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2016|title=UP assembly elections 2012: 118 candidates in phase-II UP polls have criminal background|work=THE ECONOMIC TIMES| date=4 February 2012}}</ref>
* [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]<ref name="THE ECONOMIC TIMES"/>
* [[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref name=ECI/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Trinamool-Congress-to-expand-base-in-Uttar-Pradesh/articleshow/15534104.cms|title=Trinamool Congress to expand base in Uttar Pradesh|work=The Times of India| date=17 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UP Election Assembly Results 2012 {{!}} Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha Election Results 2012|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2012-election-results.html|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref>
* [[Communist Party of India]]<ref name="UP polls: Left in lurch since 1989"/>
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name="UP polls: Left in lurch since 1989">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UP-polls-Left-in-lurch-since-1989/articleshow/11801735.cms|title=UP polls: Left in lurch since 1989|work=The Times of India| date=8 February 2012}}</ref>

==2010 issues==
In 2010, INC general secretary [[Rahul Gandhi]] was arrested, along with, while he was staging a [[sit-in]] in Bhatta Parsaul village in support of farmers agitating against inadequate compensation for the acquisition of their land for a highway project. Though he was released after three hours, INC party members in other parts of the country such as [[Mumbai]]'s western suburbs of Santacruz, Malad and Borivali protested against his arrest.<ref>[http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=238144 Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!]. Mangalorean.Com. Retrieved 23 January 2012 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123094812/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=238144 |date=23 January 2012 }}.</ref> Amidst the event he said: "I have seen the violence unleashed on your youth and women. By seeing what has happened here, I feel ashamed to be an Indian. The state government {{sic}} is tormenting its own people."<ref>Akshaya Mishra [http://www.firstpost.com/politics/it%E2%80%99s-not-about-farmers-silly-it%E2%80%99s-about-votes-8489.html It's not about farmers, silly. It's about votes]. First Post (12 May 2011)</ref> Though INC party spokesman Subodh Srivastava said that "several party leaders and workers were injured in the ''[[Baton (law enforcement)|lathicharge]]'' by police at a number of places in the state (''sic'') during peaceful protest and demonstration. (''sic'') More than 10,000 workers and leaders were arrested across the state," the UP government said that there was no impact as a result of the INC agitation and that only 135 people had been arrested in apprehension of breach of peace during the ensuing ''chakka jam''{{efn| name = chakka jam}} in protest against Gandhi's arrest.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110517003229/http://www.sify.com/news/police-cracks-down-on-protesting-congress-workers-in-up-news-national-lfmuufeddbd.html Police cracks down on protesting Congress workers in UP]. Sify.com (12 May 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Mayawati responded also to the Gandhi agitation by saying: "I would like to tell ''[[Yuvaraja|Yuvraj]]'' that whatever struggle he has to do, he should do in his home first, as the decision is in the hands of the Centre...It seems that he is not being heard in his own home and he is venting his frustration by indulging in mean dramatics."<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/rahul-indulging-in-mean-dramatics-mayawati-8694.html Rahul indulging in mean dramatics: Mayawati]. Firstpost (12 May 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

The same day his mother, [[Sonia Gandhi]], visited her national constituency of [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]] to review the implementation of such nationally sponsored rural employment and housing schemes as the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]] where she called for better implementation of the various schemes such as to ensure that 100 days of employment would be provided to a maximum number of families.<ref>[http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]. Nrega.nic.in. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2012458.ece News / National : Sonia reviews central schemes in Rae Bareli]. The Hindu (12 May 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

Under the pretext of land acquisition, the action was read as having gathered pace as after [[State Assembly elections in India, 2010|other legislative elections]]. The ''[[Times of India]]'' read the move as "a bigger favour from jittery chief minister Mayawati" and that the "subsequent free-for-all" included INC staging anti-Mayawati protests as well as BJP leaders trying not to be undone by "also courting trouble" on the basis of "land-related strife everywhere...giving politicians scope for [[photo op]]s." It also said that Mayawati may have had a "point in lobbing the land acquisition ball back into the Centre's (national government) court" but that attempts to "keeping law and order will only make her opponents look good for being martyred;" while it still question if the INC were "genuinely friends of farmers, tribals, ''[[Dalits]]'', et al."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105124643/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-13/edit-page/29536633_1_land-acquisition-bill-tribals-mayawati Up the ante]. Times of India (13 May 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

==Corruption issues==
A Centre for Media Studies report showed that the corruption has increased in UP.<ref>[http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/corruption-35/print Corruption]. Im4change.org. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://cmsindia.org/ICS2010.pdf INDIA CORRUPTION STUDY: 2010 Is The Scenario Changing?]{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} CMS (2011)</ref> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] said there was "strong evidence" against incumbent Chief Minister [[Mayawati]] in a case about
disproportionate assets for a public figure;<ref>[https://archive.today/20120904011545/http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/f31/strong-evidence-against-mayawati-disproportionate-assets-case-cbi-tells-supreme-c-11042/ Strong evidence against Mayawati in disproportionate assets case: CBI tells Supreme C]. Indiandefence.com (14 September 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> while Samajwadi party leader [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] also has a case pending against him in a similar case.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/sc-pulls-up-attorney-general-ge-vahanvati-over-mulayam-assets-case-128212-2011-02-08 SC pulls up attorney general for 'supporting' Mulayam in assets case]. India Today (9 February 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Out of a total of 403 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]], 143 face criminal charges.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120708170908/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-07/india/30601350_1_ipc-charges-criminal-charges-mlas Of criminal pasts and crorepati MLAs]. Times of India (7 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/94087 Caste, money & muscle power to dominate UP polls]. Newstrackindia.com (6 May 2009). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

The Chief Election Commissioner has raised concerns about the use of money in the election for some form of undue campaigning.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120717072846/http://post.jagran.com/polls-2012-cec-concerned-over-money-power-in-punjab-up-and-goa-1326020086 Polls 2012: CEC concerned over money power in Punjab, UP and Goa]. Post.jagran.com (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/punjab-up-goa-may-give-us-problems-on-money-front-cec/897230/ Punjab, UP, Goa may give us problems on money front: CEC]. Indian Express (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> After the EC imposed restrictions on the movement of unaccounted money, police checks across UP netted over 120 million in cash, several kilogrammes of silver and weapons, leading to the arrest of at least one person.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150118105207/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-06/news/30597802_1_unaccounted-cash-poll-cartridges Over Rs 1.37 crore unaccounted cash seized in poll-bound UP – Economic Times]. ''The Economic Times''. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-news/rs-265-crore-cash-18-kg-silver-weapons-seizedup_646470.html |access-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111211642/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-news/rs-265-crore-cash-18-kg-silver-weapons-seizedup_646470.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |title=Rs 2.65 crore cash, 18 kg silver, weapons seized in UP }}</ref><ref>[http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120107/1905853.html UP police seize Rs 1.60 crore during checking drive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118105608/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120107/1905853.html |date=18 January 2015 }}. News.webindia123.com (7 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120108/1906409.html Police seizes unaccounted money over Rs 26 lakh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118105815/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120108/1906409.html |date=18 January 2015 }}. News.webindia123.com (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120724092112/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-08/kanpur/30604299_1_vehicles-challaned-unaccounted-money-assembly-elections Several vehicles challaned, unaccounted money recovered]. ''The Times of India''. (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130324005152/http://post.jagran.com/rs-21-crore-recovered-in-up-punjab-amid-poll-preparations-1325935997 Rs 21 crore recovered in UP, Punjab amid poll preparations]. Post.jagran.com (7 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/2012/01/09/whopping-rs-13-crore-seized-in-poll-bound-up.html UP Assembly Elections 2012 | Cash seized | Rs 13.5 crore | Black Money | Election commission] . News.oneindia.in (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120720072118/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/kanpur/30611396_1_foreign-liquor-police-firearm Unaccounted Rs 17.6 lakh recovered]. Times of India (10 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

The Uttar Pradesh government was also sent a notice by the [[Central government of India|national government]] for alleged corruption in MGNREGA. Mayawati, however rejected the allegations as "politically motivated."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111029010956/http://www.sify.com/news/Mayawati-rejects-Jairam-s-charges-writes-to-Manmohan-Singh-news-National-lk2tkebebbb.html Mayawati rejects Jairam's charges, writes to Manmohan Singh]. Sify.com (28 October 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> She has also been accused by former minister Avdesh Verma of selling party tickets in the election for Rs. 40 million.<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/2012/01/06/up-maywati-asks-rs-4-crore-for-bsp-ticket-sacked-min.html Mayawati | Sacked Minister | 4 Crore | BSP Ticket | Sacked | Property | Uttar Pradesh | Noida | UP Assembly Elections 2012]. News.oneindia.in (6 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Furthermore, the BSP also expelled Badshah Singh and Babu Singh Kushwaha, who had been removed after CBI evidence of corruption, from the party on charges of corruption.<ref name="aaj">{{cite web|url=http://www.aajkikhabar.com/en/news/689148/689148.html|title=UP Polls: BSP's Babu Singh Kushwaha joins BJP|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122094404/http://www.aajkikhabar.com/en/news/689148/689148.html|archive-date=22 January 2012|access-date=8 January 2012}}</ref>

During the tenure of the incumbent CM Mayawati, opposition parties have accused her of constructing parks and statues of herself and other ''dalit'' icons such as [[Bhimrao Ambedkar|Ambedkar]] and [[Kanshi Ram]] in places such as [[Noida]] and [[Lucknow]] that cost the exchequer crores of rupees in the name of development and social upliftment for ''dalit''s.<ref>[http://article.wn.com/view/2011/10/16/Mayawati_wasting_public_money_under_guise_of_dalit_uplift_Ga/ Mayawati wasting public money under guise of dalit uplift: Gadkari – Worldnews.com]. Article.wn.com (16 October 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://article.wn.com/view/2010/08/10/Mayawati_allocates_Rs500_crore_more_for_parks_memorials/ Mayawati allocates Rs.500 crore more for parks, memorials – Worldnews.com]. Article.wn.com (10 August 2010). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://article.wn.com/view/2010/02/04/Mayawati_s_Uturn_Rs_700_cr_for_her_memorials_in_next_fiscal/ Mayawati's U-turn: Rs 700 cr for her memorials in next fiscal – Worldnews.com]. Article.wn.com (4 February 2010). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.newsduniyaonline.com/content/maya-unveil-rs-685-crore-noida-park.htm Maya to unveil Rs 685 crore Noida park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415051412/http://www.newsduniyaonline.com/content/maya-unveil-rs-685-crore-noida-park.htm |date=15 April 2012 }}. News Duniya Online (14 October 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> The [[Uttar Pradesh Government]] was also criticised by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] for not halting the construction of the memorials.<ref>[http://www.aboutbengaluru.com/contentDescription.aspx?submod=SSM20099100238359&ContentId=CD200910585552125&modid=SM200991002245343 Don't play games with us, Supreme Court tells Mayawati]{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Aboutbengaluru.com. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> despite an order to do so.<ref>{{cite news |title=SC restrains construction of memorials in Noida park |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sc-restrains-construction-of-memorials-in-noida-park-109100900163_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India|date=9 October 2009 |agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SC Puts Brake On Maya Memorials In Noida Park |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sc-puts-brake-on-maya-memorials-in-noida-park-158.html |website=indiatvnews.com|date=9 October 2009 }}</ref> On 7 January the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]] [[S. Y. Quraishi]] ordered for the veiling of statues of all political figures except for [[Mohandas Gandhi]], as well as veiling the BSP's symbol the elephant, in order to have a "level playing field" by 11 January at 17:00, according to the District Magistrate of Gautam Budh Nagar, though Chief Electoral Officer Umesh Sinha said the deadline was 15 January but the government should try and do so earlier in view of the implementation of [[code of conduct]]. However, in [[Lucknow]] BSP activists were reported to have removed the a veil minutes after it had been installed. The BSP called the move as "completely wrong" and "not justified."<ref>[http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story30564/election-commission-orders-to-wrap-up-bsp-statues.html Election Commission orders to wrap up BSP statues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118104420/http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story30564/election-commission-orders-to-wrap-up-bsp-statues.html |date=18 January 2015 }}. Aninews.in (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/assembly-polls/up-polls-mayawatis-statues-to-be-draped-tomorrow-after-election-commissions-order-164795 UP polls: Mayawati's statues to be draped today after Election Commission's order]. Ndtv.com (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/up-govt-starts-draping-statues-of-mayawati-elephant/articleshow/11415673.cms UP govt starts draping statues of Mayawati, elephant – Economic Times]. ''The Economic Times''. (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.siasat.com/english/news/election-commission-orders-wrap-bsp-statues Election Commission orders to wrap up BSP statues]. Siasat (8 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/2012/01/09/work-on-veiling-maya-statues-bsp-symbol-yet-to-commence.html Election Commission | Uttar Pradesh | Mayawati | Statues | Noida]. News.oneindia.in (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/f31/election-commissions-decision-biased-anti-dalit-bsp-13978/ Election Commission's decision biased, anti-Dalit: BSP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114180457/http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/f31/election-commissions-decision-biased-anti-dalit-bsp-13978/ |date=14 January 2012 }}. Indiandefence.com. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Quraishi dismissed criticism of the order as "ill-informed" and add that he was "surprised [the order] has been taken as something unusual. There is a model code of conduct which says there should be a level-playing field for all candidates and parties." On 9 January, social activist Dheeraj Singh filed a [[Public Interest Litigation|PIL]] in the [[Allahabad High Court]] challenging the EC's order on the grounds that the elephants represent [[Ganesha]] and veiling them could hurt public sentiment. On 11 January the High Court dismissed the petition as "withdrawn" on technical grounds.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_mayawati-statues-activist-files-pil-to-challenge-ec-s-draping-order_1635440 Mayawati statues: PIL moved before HC challenging EC's order – India – DNA]. ''Daily News and Analysis''. (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2792655.ece News / National : PIL challenging EC order for covering statues dismissed]. The Hindu (11 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

==Campaign==
The INC's Rahul Gandhi started his campaign on 14 November 2011 before the announcement of the election phases,<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15715888 BBC News – Rahul Gandhi launches key India poll campaign]. Bbc.co.uk (14 November 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> while Mulayam Singh Yadav started his campaign on 8 January with criticism of the ruling BSP for "corruption and atrocities on people."<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mulayam-slams-maya-mum-on-cong/897527/ Mulayam slams Maya, mum on Cong]. Indian Express (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Rahul Gandhi toured one of the most impoverished area of the country on 17 January, [[Bundelkhand]] in [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]]. He also visited [[Mauranipur]], [[Chirgaon]], [[Jhansi]] and Mahoba, where he was reportedly shown black flags over the issue of [[Black market|black money]]. He promised to bring change, while also questioning the BSP government's alleged corruption in the MGNREGA scheme.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120708063524/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-17/lucknow/30634686_1_rahul-gandhi-amethi-address-public-meetings Rahul set to tour Bundelkhand from Jan 17]. ''The Times of India''. (17 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120713220902/http://news.oneindia.in/2012/01/19/up-polls-rahul-gandhi-shown-black-flags-in-rally.html Rahul Gandhi | Black Flags | Uttar Pradesh Elections | 2012 | Bundelkhand | Congress | BJP | Team Anna]. News.oneindia.in (19 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.anhourago.in/show.aspx?l=52000005&d=502 Rahul blows MNREGS trumpet in Bundelkhand (18 Jan 2012 02:22)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118114137/http://www.anhourago.in/show.aspx?l=52000005&d=502 |date=18 January 2015 }}. Anhourago.in (18 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] addressed a rally in Kanpur on 17 February where he alleged that the U.P. government is not cooperating with the national government in regards to infrastructure development despite receiving five times the funds demanded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://post.jagran.com/prime-minister-manmohan-singh-to-address-his-first-up-election-rally-in-kanpur-today-1329420680 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217211026/http://post.jagran.com/prime-minister-manmohan-singh-to-address-his-first-up-election-rally-in-kanpur-today-1329420680 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2012 |title=Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to address his first UP election rally in Kanpur today |publisher=Post.jagran.com |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Atiq Khan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2903543.ece?homepage=true |title=News / National : Mayawati not cooperating on development: Manmohan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> He also criticised the incumbent government's alleged corruption and U.P.'s infrastructure woes. "The reason behind this bad situation is that non- Congress governments which came to power in the state in the last 22 years did not pay attention either to governance or the problems of the common man. The Congress will win UP elections. Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi will ensure Congress' victory in UP...we will work with greater strength for the development of UP if the Congress comes to power. There is a need to change this situation. You need a government which changes the shape of UP and focuses on development by rising above caste and religious lines. Congress led by Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi can provide such a government."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/uttar-pradesh-elections-2012-manmohan-singh-congress-mayawati-93392-2012-02-16 |title=Congress will win in UP, says Manmohan Singh : Uttar Pradesh News|work=India Today |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> The INC also got the endorsement of the Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/congress-bags-jamiat-ulama-mahmood-madani-support-in-uttar-pradesh-polls-93726-2012-02-20 |title=Congress bags Jamiat Ulama's support in Uttar Pradesh assembly polls : Lucknow News|work=India Today |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> After the first three phases of voting the party was said to have been cautious about its expectations of winning the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/uttar-pradesh-poll-result-congress-tones-down-expectations-93510-2012-02-18 |title=Uttar Pradesh polls: Congress tones down expectations : North News|work=India Today |date=19 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>

The BJP formally began its campaign on 10 January, but would start hosting public meeting 10 days later. Party leaders from outside UP had been called in to campaign, though many refused to show support for candidates with corruption allegations. These included former PM [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]], Gujarat CM [[Narendra Modi]], former PM-candidate and Home Minister MP [[Lal Krishna Advani]], MP [[Sushma Swaraj]], former Law Minister MP [[Arun Jaitley]]. UP MP [[Murli Manohar Joshi]], Madhya Pradesh CM [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]], Chhattisgarh CM [[Raman Singh]], Jharkhand CM [[Arjun Munda]], Bihar Deputy CM [[Sushil Modi]], former Rajasthan CM [[Vasundhara Raje]], [[Ananth Kumar]], [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]], [[Narendra Singh Tomar]], party deputy leader in the ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' [[Gopinath Munde]], party deputy leader in the ''[[Rajya Sabha]]'' [[SS Ahluwalia]], party Muslim member [[Shahnawaz Hussain]], party vice president [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]], MP [[Shatrughan Sinha]], MP [[Hema Malini]], MP [[Smriti Irani]], MP [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]], [[Kalraj Mishra]], [[Vinay Katiyar]], [[Ramlal]], former Foreign Minister MP [[Yashwant Sinha]], former Madhya Pradesh CM and re-inductee into the party [[Uma Bharti]], UP MP [[Varun Gandhi]], [[Ramapati Ram Tripathi]], [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]], [[Ramnath Kovind]], [[Saudan Singh]] and [[Radha Mohan Singh]].<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/vajpayee-modi-in-bjp-list-of-poll-campaigners-176542.html Vajpayee, Modi in BJP list of poll campaigners]. Firstpost. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> On 16 January, national BJP President [[Nitin Gadkari]] released the party [[manifesto]] for the election in Lucknow. Part of its promises included creating 15 million jobs within five years, as well providing rice and wheat at a subsidised Rs. 3 and Rs. 2 per kilogramme, respectively.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130906042943/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/india/30631249_1_vision-document-bundelkhand-regional-disparities BJP releases vision document for UP, promises one crore new jobs]. ''The Times of India''. (16 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> It also included a promise to probe alleged cases of corruption during the tenure of the BSP government.<ref>[http://www.asianage.com/india/bjp-will-probe-maya-if-voted-424 BJP: Will probe Maya if voted]. The Asian Age (14 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> On 18 January, they opted to field Uma Bharti from the Charkari constituency in [[Mahoba]].<ref>[http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/01/19/260942-Uma-Bharti-vows-to-transform-Uttar-Pradesh-into-Uttam-Pradesh-.html Uma Bharti vows to transform Uttar Pradesh into "Uttam Pradesh"]. Newstrackindia.com (19 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.newsbullet.in/breaking-news/24715 BJP fields Uma Bharti from Bundelkhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122132201/http://www.newsbullet.in/breaking-news/24715 |date=22 January 2012 }}. Newsbullet.in (18 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

Incumbent CM Mayawati began her campaign on 27 January at a rally in [[Bijnor]].<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow/33825-maya-to-start-campaign-in-up-from-january-27.html Maya to start campaign in UP from January 27]. ''The Pioneer'' (India).com (9 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> On 15 January, she released the BSP's list of candidates for all the 403 constituencies. The list included 88 candidates belonging to [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|SCs]], 113 from [[Other Backward Class|OBCs]], 85 [[Minority religion|religious minorities]] and 117 [[Forward caste|upper castes]], out of which 74 are [[Brahmin]]s.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_breaking-news-mayawati-releases-list-of-all-403-bsp-candidates_1637769 Bring back BSP to power: Mayawati to party workers – India – DNA]. ''Daily News and Analysis''. (15 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/24548-mayawati-releases-list-of-all-403-bsp-candidates Mayawati releases list of all 403 BSP candidates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119004756/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/24548-mayawati-releases-list-of-all-403-bsp-candidates |date=19 January 2012 }}. Newsbullet.in (15 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

On 20 January, the Samajwadi Party released its electoral manifesto in Lucknow which included promising reservation for the minorities, a ban on land acquisition and loans of four percent interest to small farmers.<ref>[http://www.newsonair.com/news.asp?cat=state&id=ST8526 Sports News, Cricket News, Delhi News, Common Wealth Games 2010, News 2010. Business News, Political News, State News, International News, Exclusive News & more]. Newsonair (1 January 1990). Retrieved 23 January 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118104827/http://www.newsonair.com/news.asp?cat=state&id=ST8526 |date=18 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/sp-releases-manifesto-for-up-assembly-polls/articleshow/11565513.cms SP releases manifesto for UP Assembly polls – Economic Times]. ''The Economic Times''. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> Party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav got an endorsement from the [[Shahi Imam]] of New Delhi's [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]] Syed Ahmed Bukhari, who had appealed to Muslim voters to vote for the SP and alleged that the INC had regressed UP's fortunes.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Atiq Khan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article2840357.ece |title=States / Other States : Mulayam gets Shahi Imam's backing |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 January 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_up-election-vote-for-sp-shahi-imam-tells-muslims_1643151 |title=UP election: Vote for SP, Shahi Imam tells Muslims – India – DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=28 January 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>

The [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|anti-corruption group]] [[Team Anna]] also decided to campaign in four of the five provinces that are holding ''[[Vidhan Sabha]]'' [[Legislative Assembly elections in India, 2012|elections]], except [[Manipur]]; however they said that they would not do so in favour of or against any particular party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Team-Anna-not-to-target-single-party-Anna-to-take-final-call/Article1-793784.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110015821/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Team-Anna-not-to-target-single-party-Anna-to-take-final-call/Article1-793784.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2012 |title=Team Anna in poll mode, to campaign in four states |work=Hindustan Times|date=9 January 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> They started their campaign in [[Haridwar]] on 21 January.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/team-anna-to-kick-start-its-campaign-from-haridwar.../901573/ Team Anna to kick start its campaign from Haridwar on Jan 21]. Indian Express (19 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

==Controversies==
The Supreme Court also criticised the UP government for the Land Acquisition Act calling it "an engine of oppression" for the government's low cost acquisition without adequate redress for the villagers, who were then beaten by police. It said that the policy as "anti-poor" and against the interests of the "common man," while citing that after its inception in 1894 it had to be immediately amended. At the same time, INC general secretary Rahul Gandhi toured two villages to start an agitation march against such acquisitions<ref>[http://netindian.in/news/2011/07/05/00014167/supreme-court-pulls-mayawati-govt-land-acquisition-policy Supreme Court pulls up Mayawati govt on land acquisition policy | NetIndian]. Netindian.in (5 July 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/sc-slams-up-govts-land-acquisition-policy-136861-2011-07-04 SC slams Uttar Pradesh govt's land acquisition policy as 'sinister, anti-poor' : North News – India Today]. ''India Today''.intoday.in (5 July 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

On 22 December 2011 the national government announced a four and half percent sub-quota for "backward Muslims" as part of an expanded definition of [[Other Backward Castes]] in the civil service and at educational institutions, which came into effect on 1 January. BJP leaders Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley strongly objected to the proposal on the grounds that it was "unconstitutional" with the purpose of campaigning to wooing Muslim voters in the election.<ref>[http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/23308-cabinet-clears-quota-for-muslims-within-obc-quota Cabinet clears 4.5% quota for minorities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206115626/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/23308-cabinet-clears-quota-for-muslims-within-obc-quota |date=6 February 2012 }}. Newsbullet.in (22 December 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaitley-counters-muslim-quota-says-it-will-divide-nation-on-religious-lines/889512/ Jaitley counters Muslim quota, says it will divide nation on religious lines]. Indian Express (19 December 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>
On 10 January, Minority Affairs Minister [[Salman Khurshid]] was sent a notice by the ECI on a complaint filed by the BJP, led by Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, after Khurshid had said that if the INC was victorious in the election, it would double the quota for Muslims to nine percent. He then reiterated that the comments was a "promise not [an] allurement."<ref>[http://twocircles.net/2012jan11/quota_row_poll_panel_notice_khurshid_bjps_complaint.html Quota row: Poll panel notice to Khurshid on BJP's complaint]. TwoCircles.net. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120112045354/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Speech-was-promise-not-allurement-Salman-Khurshid/Article1-795740.aspx Speech was promise, not allurement: Khurshid]. Hindustan Times (11 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref> The following day the ECI decided to put on hold the sub-quota for minorities till the election ends as it was in violation of the Model Code of Conduct.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/muslims-quota-election-commission-centre-assembly-polls-89312-2012-01-11 Setback for Centre as Election Commission puts sub-quota for minorities on hold : North News – India Today]. ''India Today''.intoday.in (12 January 2012). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref>

The ECI replaced the UP DGP Brij Lal and Home Secretary Fateh Bahadur on 8 January after complaints from other parties that they were partisan on the issue of covering the statues.<ref>{{cite news|title=EC India order on Mayawati statues|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-08/news/30604492_1_mayawati-statues-poll-symbol-assembly-polls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060000/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-08/news/30604492_1_mayawati-statues-poll-symbol-assembly-polls|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=13 January 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=8 January 2012}}</ref>

On 22 January, the ECI banned exit polls from 28 January to 3 March in accordance with the relevant provisions of the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission bans exit polls from January 28 to March 3 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/assembly-polls-2012-election-commission-bans-exit-polls-90524-2012-01-22 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/ErrorPage.html?aspxerrorpath=/newsite/mainpage.aspx|title=Untitled Page|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> Opinion polls were also banned 48 hours prior to the voting of each phase in the [[electronic media]], however there was no such restriction on the print media.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2822922.ece News / National : Election Commission bans exit polls from Jan 28 to Mar 3]. The Hindu (9 November 2011). Retrieved 23 January 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24online.com/EC-notifies-ban-on-exit-opinion-polls_News24_39880.aspx |title=EC notifies ban on exit, opinion polls |publisher=News24online.com |date=7 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202034203/http://news24online.com/EC-notifies-ban-on-exit-opinion-polls_News24_39880.aspx/ |archive-date=2 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Individual candidates===
After being fired from the BSP for corruption, Babu Singh Kushwaha, Badshah Singh and Awdhesh Verma joined the BJP. Kushwaha has wanted to join the INC but was blocked by Rahul Gandhi, who criticised the BJP for giving them tickets. Additionally, Daddan Mishra also resigned from the BSP after being denied a ticket to run in the election and consequently joined the BJP.<ref name="aaj"/>

==Opinion polls==
All opinion polls indicated a [[hung parliament|hung assembly]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Poll source and date !! BSP!! Samajwadi !! BJP !! INC-RLD !! Others
|-
|''[[STAR News]]''-''[[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]]''<ref>{{cite web |author=YK |url=http://www.youngkingdom.com/2012/02/up-exit-poll-2012-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2012-star-news-nielsen-opinion-poll/ |title=UP Exit Poll 2012 Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2012 : STAR News Nielsen Opinion Poll |publisher=Youngkingdom.com |date=3 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413122816/http://www.youngkingdom.com/2012/02/up-exit-poll-2012-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2012-star-news-nielsen-opinion-poll/ |archive-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||101||135||61||99||7
|-
|''[[News 24 (India)|News24]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24online.com/UP-is-heading-for-hung-assembly-Opinion-poll_News24_39817.aspx |title=UP is heading for hung assembly: Opinion poll |publisher=News24online.com |date=6 February 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209233612/http://news24online.com/UP-is-heading-for-hung-assembly-Opinion-poll_News24_39817.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||108||127||57||94||17
|}

==Election==
Almost all the exit polls pointed to a hung assembly with the SP outperforming its rivals while the BSP lost a large share of the seats it previously held. The INC and the BJP also were expected to perform better than the previous election but significantly short of the simple majority mark.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Poll source and date !! BSP!! SP !! BJP !! INC-RLD !! Others
|-
|''[[STAR News]]''-''[[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/Exit-polls-put-SP-on-top-of-race-in-UP/2/31073/ |title=Exit polls put SP on top of race in UP |publisher=The Sunday Indian |date=4 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005440/http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/exit-polls-put-sp-on-top-of-race-in-up/2/31073/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>||83||183||71||51||11
|-
|''[[CNN-IBN]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=754308 |title=CSDS Survey Predicts Landslide 232–250 Seats for SP |publisher=news.outlookindia.com |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305222301/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=754308 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||65–70||232–250||28–38||36–44||11–23
|-
|''[[Aaj Tak]]''<ref>{{cite web |author=Oasis |url=http://www.uttarpradeshlive.com/2012/03/uttar-pradesh-exit-poll-2012.html |title=Uttar Pradesh Exit Poll 2012 |publisher=Uttarpradeshlive.com |date=3 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412122220/http://www.uttarpradeshlive.com/2012/03/uttar-pradesh-exit-poll-2012.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>||88–98||195–210||50–56||38–42||20
|}

==Result==

{{main|Results of the 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}

The BSP's CM Mayawati's cabinet approving the dissolution of the ''Vidhan Sabha'' assembly on the night of 4 March and sent the recommendation to the Governor for consent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/chunk-ht-ui-assemblyelections2012-up-topstories/Maya-wants-UP-assembly-dissolved-governor-to-take-call/Article1-820965.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306074748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/chunk-ht-ui-assemblyelections2012-up-topstories/Maya-wants-UP-assembly-dissolved-governor-to-take-call/Article1-820965.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2012 |title=Maya wants UP assembly dissolved, governor to take call |work=Hindustan Times|date=5 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Anita |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2012/03/05/mayawati-passes-resolution-to-dissolve-assembly.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712151154/http://news.oneindia.in/2012/03/05/mayawati-passes-resolution-to-dissolve-assembly.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2012 |title=Mayawati passes resolution to dissolve Assembly? |publisher=Oneindia |date=5 March 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref> Mulayam Singh Yadav's son and UP president of the Samajwadi Party [[Akhilesh Yadav]] was nominated as [[Chief Minister]] by the party.<ref name="indiatimes1"/>

{{Pie chart
| caption = '''Vote Share by party (Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2012)'''
| value1 = 29.15
| label1 = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| color1 = {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
| value2 = 25.91
| label2 = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| color2 = {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| value3 = 15
| label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| value4 = 11.63
| label4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| value5 = 2.33
| label5 = [[Rashtriya Lok Dal|RLD]]
| color5 = #006400
| value6 = 2.82
| label6 = [[Peace Party of India]]
| color6 = #8B0000
| other = yes
| other_color = #000000
}}{{Pie chart
| caption = '''Seat Share'''
| value1 = 55.58
| label1 = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| color1 = {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
| value2 = 19.85
| label2 = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| color2 = {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| value3 = 11.66
| label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| value4 = 6.95
| label4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| value5 = 2.23
| label5 = [[Rashtriya Lok Dal|RLD]]
| color5 = {{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
| other = 3.72
}}{{election table|title=Summary of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] election, 2012 result}}
[[File:Bharat Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha 2012.svg]]
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" width=225 |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats contested
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seat change
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote share
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Swing
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 401
| style="text-align:center;" | 224
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}} 127
| style="text-align:center;" | 29.15%
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}} 3.72%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 403
| style="text-align:center;" | 80
| style="text-align:center;" | {{loss}} 126
| style="text-align:center;" | 25.91%
| style="text-align:center;" | {{loss}} 4.52%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 398
| style="text-align:center;" | 47
| style="text-align:center;" | {{loss}} 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 15%
| style="text-align:center;" | {{loss}} 1.97%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 355
| style="text-align:center;" | 28
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}} 6
| style="text-align:center;" | 11.63%
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}} 3.03%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 46
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | {{loss}} 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 2.33%
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Peace Party of India]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 208
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}} 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 2.82%
| style="text-align:center;" | {{gain}}2.82%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Quami Ekta Dal]]<ref name=ECI/>
|style="text-align:center;"|43
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|style="text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align:center;"|0.55%
|style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]<ref name=ECI/><ref name=Apna_Dal/>
|style="text-align:center;"|76
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|style="text-align:center;"|{{increase}}1
|style="text-align:center;"|0.90%
|style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 127
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{unchanged}} 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.33%
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Ittehad-e-Millat Council]]<ref name=ECI/>
|style="text-align:center;"|18
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|style="text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align:center;"|0.25%
|style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Independent politician|Independents]]<ref name=ECI/>
|style="text-align:center;"|1691
|style="text-align:center;"|6
|style="text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align:center;"|4.13%
|style="text-align:center;"|
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||-|| style="text-align:right;" |'''403'''||-|| |||
|-
|style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan=7|Turnout: 59.5%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://eciresults.nic.in Election Commission of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218160549/http://eciresults.nic.in/ |date=18 December 2014 }}
|}

==Elected members==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!
!Constituency
!Reserved for ([[Scheduled Castes|SC]]/None)
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|1
| [[Behat Assembly constituency|Behat]]|| None || [[Mahaveer Singh Rana]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|2
| [[Nakur Assembly constituency|Nakur]]|| None || Dr. [[Dharam Singh Saini]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|3
| [[Saharanpur Nagar Assembly constituency|Saharanpur Nagar]]|| None || [[Raghav Lakhanpal]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|4
| [[Saharanpur Assembly constituency|Saharanpur]]|| None || [[Jagpal]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|5
| [[Deoband Assembly constituency|Deoband]]|| None || [[Rajendra Singh Rana]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|6
| [[Rampur Maniharan Assembly constituency|Rampur Maniharan]] (SC) || SC || [[Ravinder Kumar Molhu]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|7
| [[Gangoh Assembly constituency|Gangoh]]|| None || [[Pradeep Kumar (politician)|Pardeep Kumar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|8
| [[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency|Kairana]]|| None || [[Hukum Singh]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|9
| [[Thana Bhawan Assembly constituency|Thana Bhawan]]|| None || [[Suresh Rana|Suresh Kumar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|10
| [[Shamli Assembly constituency|Shamli]]|| None || [[Pankaj Kumar Malik]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|11
| [[Budhana Assembly constituency|Budhana]]|| None || [[Nawazish Alam Khan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|12
| [[Charthawal Assembly constituency|Charthawal]]|| None || [[Noor Saleem Rana]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|13
| [[Purqazi Assembly constituency|Purqazi]] (SC) || SC || [[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|14
| [[Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency|Muzaffar Nagar]]|| None || [[Chitranjan Swaroop]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|15
| [[Khatauli Assembly constituency|Khatauli]]|| None || [[Kartar Singh Bhadana]]|| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|16
| [[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]]|| None || [[Jamil Ahmad Qasmi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|17
| [[Najibabad Assembly constituency|Najibabad]]|| None || [[Tasleem Ahmad|Tasleem]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|18
| [[Nagina Assembly constituency|Nagina]] (SC) || SC || [[Manoj Kumar Paras]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|19
| [[Barhapur Assembly constituency|Barhapur]]|| None || [[Mohammad Ghazi (politician)|Mohd. Ghazi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|20
| [[Dhampur Assembly constituency|Dhampur]]|| None || [[Thakur Mool Chand Chauhan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|21
| [[Nehtaur Assembly constituency|Nehtaur]]|| SC || Om Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|22
| [[Bijnor Assembly constituency|Bijnor]]|| None || Kunvar Bharatendra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|23
| [[Chandpur Assembly constituency|Chandpur]]|| None || Iqbal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|24
| [[Noorpur Assembly constituency|Noorpur]]|| None || Lokendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|25
| [[Kanth Assembly constituency|Kanth]]|| None || Aneesurrehman || {{Full party name with color|Peace Party of India}}
|-
|26
| [[Thakurdwara Assembly constituency|Thakurdwara]]|| None || Kunwar Servesh Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|27
| [[Moradabad Rural Assembly constituency|Moradabad Rural]]|| None || Shameemul Haq || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|28
| [[Moradabad Nagar Assembly constituency|Moradabad Nagar]]|| None || Mohammad Yusuf Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|29
| [[Kundarki Assembly constituency|Kundarki]]|| None || Mohammad Rizwan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|30
| [[Bilari Assembly constituency|Bilari]]|| None || Mhd.irfan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|31
| [[Chandausi Assembly constituency|Chandausi]] (SC) || SC || Laxmi Gautam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|32
| [[Asmoli Assembly constituency|Asmoli]]|| None || Pinki Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|33
| [[Sambhal Assembly constituency|Sambhal]]|| None || Iqbal Mehmood || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|34
| [[Suar Assembly constituency|Suar]]|| None || Nawab Kazim Ali Khan Urf Naved Mian || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|35
| [[Chamraua Assembly constituency|Chamraua]]|| None || Ali Yusuf Ali || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|36
| [[Bilaspur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bilaspur]]|| None || Sanjay Kapoor || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|37
| [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Rampur]]|| None || Mohammad Azam Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|38
| [[Milak Assembly constituency|Milak]] (SC) || SC || Vijay Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|39
| [[Dhanaura Assembly constituency|Dhanaura]] (SC) || SC || Maikal Chandra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|40
| [[Naugawan Sadat Assembly constituency|Naugawan Sadat]]|| None || Ashfaq Ali Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|41
| [[Amroha Assembly constituency|Amroha]]|| None || Mehboob Ali || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|42
| [[Hasanpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Hasanpur]]|| None || Kamal Akhtar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|43
| [[Siwalkhas Assembly constituency|Siwalkhas]]|| None || Ghulam Mohammed || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|44
| [[Sardhana Assembly constituency|Sardhana]]|| None || Sangeet Singh Som || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|45
| [[Hastinapur Assembly constituency|Hastinapur]] (SC) || SC || Prabhu Dayal Balmiki || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|46
| [[Kithore Assembly constituency|Kithore]]|| None || Shahid Manzoor || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|47
| [[Meerut Cantt. (Assembly constituency)|Meerut Cantt.]]|| None || Satya Prakash Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|48
| [[Meerut Assembly constituency|Meerut]]|| None || Dr. Laxmikant Bajpai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|49
| [[Meerut South Assembly constituency|Meerut South]]|| None || Ravindra Bhadana || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|50
| [[Chhaprauli Assembly constituency|Chhaprauli]]|| None || Vir Pal || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|51
| [[Baraut Assembly constituency|Baraut]]|| None || Lokesh Dixit || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|52
| [[Baghpat Assembly constituency|Baghpat]]|| None || Hemlata Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|53
| [[Loni Assembly constituency|Loni]]|| None || Zakir Ali || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|54
| [[Muradnagar Assembly constituency|Muradnagar]]|| None || Wahab || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|55
| [[Sahibabad Assembly constituency|Sahibabad]]|| None || Amarpal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|56
| [[Ghaziabad Assembly constituency|Ghaziabad]]|| None || Suresh Bansal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|57
| Modi Nagar || None || Sudesh Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|58
| Dholana || None || Dharmesh Singh Tomar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|59
| Hapur || SC || Gajraj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|60
| Garhmukteshwar || None || Madan Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|61
| Noida || None || Mahesh Kumar Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|62
| Dadri || None || Satveer Singh Gurjar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|63
| Jewar || None || Vedram Bhati || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|64
| Sikandrabad || None || Bimla Singh Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|65
| Bulandshahr || None || Mohd. Aleem Khan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|66
| Syana || None || Dilnawaz Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|67
| Anupshahr || None || Gajendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|68
| Debai || None || Shri Bhagwan Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|69
| Shikarpur || None || Mukesh Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|70
| Khurja || SC || Banshi Singh Pahadiya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|71
| Khair || SC || Bhagwati Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|72
| Barauli || None || Dalveer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|73
| Atrauli || None || Viresh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|74
| Chharra || None || Rakesh Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|75
| Koil || None || Zameer Ullah Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|76
| Aligarh || None || Zafar Alam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|77
| Iglas || SC || Triloki Ram || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|78
| Hathras || SC || Genda Lal Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|79
| Sadabad || None || Devendra Agrawal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|80
| Sikandra Rao || None || Ramveer Upadhyay || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|81
| Chhata || None || Tejpal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|82
| Mant || None || [[Jayant Chaudhary]] || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|83
| Goverdhan || None || Rajkumar Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|84
| Mathura || None || Pradeep Mathur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|85
| Baldev || SC || Pooran Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|86
| Etmadpur || None || Dr. Dharampal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|87
| Agra Cantt. || SC || Gutiyari Lal Duwesh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|88
| Agra South || None || Yogendra Upadhyaya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|89
| Agra North || None || Jagan Prasad Garg || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|90
| Agra Rural || SC || Kali Charan Suman || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|91
| Fatehpur Sikri || None || Surajpal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|92
| Kheragarh || None || [[Bhagvan Singh Kushwaha]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|93
| Fatehabad || None || Chotelal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|94
| Bah || None || Raja Mahendra Aridaman Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|95
| Tundla || SC || Rakesh Babu || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|96
| Jasrana || None || Ramveer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|97
| Firozabad || None || Manish Asiza || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|98
| Shikohabad || None || Om Prakash Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|99
| Sirsaganj || None || Hariom || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|100
| Kasganj || None || Man Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|101
| Amanpur || None || Mamtesh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|102
| Patiyali || None || Najeeva Khan Zeenat || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|103
| Aliganj || None || Rameshwar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|104
| Etah || None || Ashish Kumar Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|105
| Marhara || None || Amit Gaurav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|106
| Jalesar || SC || Ranjeet Suman || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|107
| Mainpuri || None || Rajkumar Alias Raju Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|108
| Bhongaon || None || Alok Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|109
| Kishani || SC || Eng. Brajesh Katheriya || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|110
| Karhal || None || Sobaran Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|111
| Gunnaur || None || Ramkhiladi Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|112
| Bisauli || SC || Ashutosh Maurya Urf Raju || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|113
| Sahaswan || None || Omkar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|114
| Bilsi || None || Musarrat Ali Bittan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|115
| Badaun || None || Abid Raza Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|116
| Shekhupur || None || Ashish Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|117
| Dataganj || None || Sinod Kumar Shakya (deepu) || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|118
| Baheri || None || Ataurrehman || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|119
| Meerganj || None || Sultan Baig || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|120
| Bhojipura || None || Shazil Islam || {{Full party name with color|Ittehad-E-Millait Council}}
|-
|121
| Nawabganj || None || Bhagwat Saran Gangwar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|122
| Faridpur || SC || Dr. Siaram Sagar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|123
| Bithari Chainpur || None || Virendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|124
| Bareilly || None || Dr. Arun Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|125
| Bareilly Cantt. || None || Rajesh Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|126
| Aonla || None || Dharm Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|127
| Pilibhit || None || Riaz Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|128
| Barkhera || None || Hemraj Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|129
| Puranpur || SC || Peetam Ram || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|130
| Bisalpur || None || Agys Ramsaran Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|131
| Katra || None || Rajesh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|132
| Jalalabad || None || Neeraj Kushawaha || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|133
| Tilhar || None || Roshan Lal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|134
| Powayan || SC || Sakuntla Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|135
| Shahjahanpur || None || Suresh Kumar Khanna || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|136
| Dadraul || None || Rammurti Singh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|137
| Palia || None || Harvindar Kumar Sahani Alias Romi Sahani || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|138
| Nighasan || None || Ajay || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|139
| Gola Gokrannath || None || Vinay Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|140
| Sri Nagar || SC || Ramsaran || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|141
| Dhaurahra || None || Shamsher Bahadur Alias Sheroobhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|142
| Lakhimpur || None || Utkarsh Verma Madhur || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|143
| Kasta || SC || Sunil Kumar Lala || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|144
| Mohammdi || None || Awasthi Bala Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|145
| Maholi || None || Anoop Kumar Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|146
| Sitapur || None || Radheyshyam Jaiswal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|147
| Hargaon || SC || Ramhet Bharti || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|148
| Laharpur || None || Mo. Jasmir Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|149
| Biswan || None || Rampal Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|150
| Sevata || None || Mahendra Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|151
| Mahmoodabad || None || Narendra Singh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|152
| Sidhauli || SC || Manish Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|153
| Misrikh || SC || Ram Pal Rajwanshi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|154
| Sawaijpur || None || Rajani Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|155
| Shahabad || None || Babu Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|156
| Hardoi || None || Nitin Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|157
| Gopamau || SC || [[Shyam Prakash]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|158
| Sandi || SC || Rajeshwari || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|159
| Bilgram-mallanwan || None || Brijesh Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|160
| Balamau || SC || Anil Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|161
| Sandila || None || Kunwar Mahabir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|162
| Bangermau || None || Badlu Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|163
| Safipur || SC || Sudhir Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|164
| Mohan || SC || Radhey Lal Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|165
| Unnao || None || Deepak Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|166
| Bhagwantnagar || None || Kuldeep Singh Sengar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|167
| Purwa || None || Uday Raj || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|168
| Malihabad || SC || Indal Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|169
| Bakshi Kaa Talab || None || Gomti Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|170
| Sarojini Nagar || None || Sharda Pratap Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|171
| Lucknow West || None || Mohd Rehan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|172
| Lucknow North || None || Abhishek Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|173
| Lucknow East || None || Kalraj Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|174
| Lucknow Central || None || Ravidas Mehrotra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|175
| Lucknow Cantt. || None || Prof. Rita Bahuguna Joshi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|176
| Mohanlalganj || SC || Chandra Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|177
| Bachhrawan || SC || Ram Lal Akela || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|178
| Tiloi || None || Dr. Mohd. Muslim || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|179
| Harchandpur || None || Surendra Vikram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|180
| Rae Bareli || None || Akhilesh Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Peace Party of India}}
|-
|181
| Salon || SC || Ashakishore || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|182
| Sareni || None || Devendra Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|183
| Unchahar || None || Manoj Kumar Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|184
| Jagdishpur || SC || Radhey Shyam || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|185
| Gauriganj || None || Rakesh Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|186
| Amethi || None || Gayatri Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|187
| Isauli || None || Abrar Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|188
| Sultanpur || None || Anoop Sanda || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|189
| Sadar || None || Arun Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|190
| Lambhua || None || Santosh Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|191
| Kadipur || SC || Ramchandra Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|192
| Kaimganj || SC || Ajit Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|193
| Amritpur || None || Narendra Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|194
| Farrukhabad || None || Vijay Singh S/o Prem Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|195
| Bhojpur || None || Jamaluddin Siddiqui || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|196
| Chhibramau || None || Arvind Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|197
| Tirwa || None || Vyjai Bahadur Pal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|198
| Kannauj || SC || Anil Kumar Dohre || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|199
| Jaswantnagar || None || Shivpal Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|200
| Etawah || None || [[Raghuraj Singh Shakya]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bharthana || SC || Sukh Devi Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bidhuna || None || Pramod Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Dibiyapur || None || Pradeep Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Auraiya || SC || Madan Singh Alias Santosh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Rasulabad || SC || Shiv Kumar Beria || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Akbarpur - Raniya || None || Ramswaroop Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Sikandra || None || Indrapal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Bhognipur || None || Yogendra Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bilhaur || SC || Aruna Kumari Kori || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bithoor || None || Munindra Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Kalyanpur || None || Satish Kumar Nigam 'advocate' || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Govindnagar || None || Satyadev Pachauri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Sishamau || None || Haji Irfan Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Arya Nagar || None || Salil Vishnoi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Kidwai Nagar || None || Ajay Kapoor || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Kanpur Cantt. || None || Raghunandan Singh Bhadauria || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Maharajpur || None || Satish Mahana || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Ghatampur || SC || Indrajeet Kori || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Madhaugarh || None || Santram || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Kalpi || None || Umakanti || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Orai || SC || Dayashankar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Babina || None || [[Krishna Pal Singh Rajpoot]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Jhansi Nagar || None || Ravi Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Mauranipur || SC || Dr. Rashmi Arya || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Garautha || None || Deepnarayan Singh (deepak Yadav) || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Lalitpur || None || Ramesh Prasad Kushwaha || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Mehroni || SC || Feran Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Hamirpur || None || Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Rath || SC || Gayadeen Anuragi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Mahoba || None || Rajnarain Alias Rajju || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Charkhari || None || Uma Bharti || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Tindwari || None || Daljeet Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Baberu || None || Vishambhar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Naraini || SC || Gayacharan Dinkar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Banda || None || Vivek Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Chitrakoot || None || Veer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Manikpur || None || Chandrabhan Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Jahanabad || None || Madan Gopal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bindki || None || Sukhadev Prasad Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Fatehpur || None || Shed Qasim Hasan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Ayah Shah || None || Ayodhya Prasad Pal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Husainganj || None || Mo. Asif || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Khaga || SC || Krishna Paswan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Rampur Khas || None || Pramod Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Babaganj || SC || Vinod Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|
| Kunda || None || Raghuraj Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|
| Bishwavnathganj || None || Raja Ram || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Pratapgarh || None || Nagendra Singh "munna Yadav" || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Patti || None || Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Raniganj || None || Pro. Shivakant Ojha || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Sirathu || None || Keshav Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Manjhanpur || SC || Indrajeet Saroj || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Chail || None || Mohd Ashif Jafri || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Phaphamau || None || Ansar Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Soraon || SC || Satyaveer Munna || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Phulpur || None || Sayeed Ahamad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Pratappur || None || Vijma Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Handia || None || Maheshnarayan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Meja || None || Girish Chandra Alias Gama Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Karachhana || None || Deepak Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Allahabad West || None || Pooja Pal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Allahabad North || None || Anugrah Narayan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Allahabad South || None || Haji Parvej Ahmad (tanki) || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bara || SC || Dr.ajay Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Koraon || SC || Rajbali Jaisal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Kursi || None || Fareed Mahfooj Kidwai || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Ram Nagar || None || Arvind Kumar Singh 'gop' || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Barabanki || None || Dharam Raj || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Zaidpur || SC || Ramgopal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Dariyabad || None || Rajeev Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Rudauli || None || Ram Chandra Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Haidergarh || SC || Ram Magan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Milkipur || SC || Audhesh Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bikapur || None || Mitrasen Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Ayodhya || None || Tej Narayan Pandey Alias Pawan Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Goshainganj || None || [[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Katehari || None || Shankh Lal Manjhi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Tanda || None || Azimulhaque Pahlwan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Alapur || SC || Bheem Prasad Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Jalalpur || None || Sher Bahadur || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Akbarpur || None || Ram Murti Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Balha || SC || Savitri Bai Fule || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Nanpara || None || Madhuri Verma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Matera || None || Yasar Shah || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mahasi || None || Krishna Kumar Ojha || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Bahraich || None || Dr. Waqar Ahmad Shah || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Payagpur || None || Mukesh Srivastva Alias Gyanendra Pratap || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Kaiserganj || None || Mukut Bihari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Bhinga || None || Indrani Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Shrawasti || None || Muhammad Ramjan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Tulsipur || None || Abdul Mashhood Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gainsari || None || [[Shiv Pratap Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Utraula || None || Arif Anwar Hashmi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Balrampur || SC || Jagram Paswan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mehnaun || None || Nandita Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gonda || None || Vinod Kumar Urf Pandit Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Katra Bazar || None || Bawan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Colonelganj || None || Yogesh Pratap Singh 'yogesh Bhaiya' || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Tarabganj || None || Awadhesh Kumar Singh Alias Manju Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mankapur || SC || Babulal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gaura || None || Kunwar Anand Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Shohratgarh || None || Lalmunni Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Kapilvastu || SC || Vijay Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bansi || None || Jai Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Itwa || None || Mata Prasad Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Doomariyaganj || None || Kamal Yusuf Malik || {{Full party name with color|Peace Party of India}}
|-
|
| Harraiya || None || Rajkishor Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Kaptanganj || None || Ram Prasad Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Rudhauli || None || Sanjay Pratap Jaiswal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Basti Sadar || None || Jeetendra Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Mahadewa || SC || Ram Karan Arya || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Menhdawal || None || Laxmikant || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Khalilabad || None || Dr. Moh. Ayub || {{Full party name with color|Peace Party of India}}
|-
|
| Dhanghata || SC || Alagu Prasad Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Pharenda || None || Bajrang Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Nautanwa || None || Kaushal Kishor || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Siswa || None || Shivendra Singh Alias Shiv Babu || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Maharajganj || SC || Sudama || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Paniyara || None || Deo Narayan Urf G.m. Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Caimpiyarganj || None || Fateh Bahadur || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|
| Pipraich || None || Rajmati || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gorakhpur Urban || None || Dr [[Radha Mohan Das Agarwal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Gorakhpur Rural || None || Vijay Bahadur Yadava || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Sahajanwa || None || Rajendra || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Khajani || SC || Sant Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Chauri-chaura || None || Jay Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Bansgaon || SC || Dr. Vijay Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Chillupar || None || Rajesh Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Khadda || None || Vijay Kumar Dubey || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Padrauna || None || Swami Prasad Maurya || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Tamkuhi Raj || None || Ajay Kumar 'lalloo' || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Fazilnagar || None || Ganga || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Kushinagar || None || Bramhashankar Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Hata || None || Radheshyam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Ramkola || SC || Purnmasi Dehati || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Rudrapur || None || Akhilesh Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Deoria || None || Janmejai Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Pathardeva || None || Shakir Ali || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Rampur Karkhana || None || Choudhari Fasiha Bashir Alias Gajala Lari || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bhatpar Rani || None || Kameshwar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Salempur || SC || Manbodh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Barhaj || None || Prem Prakash Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Atrauliya || None || Dr.sangram Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gopalpur || None || Waseem Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Sagri || None || Abhay Narayan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mubarakpur || None || Shah Alam Urfa Guddu Jamali || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Azamgarh || None || Durga Prasad Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Nizamabad || None || Alambadi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Phoolpur Pawai || None || Shyam Bahadur Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Didarganj || None || Adil Sheikh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Lalganj || SC || Bechai || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mehnagar || SC || Brij Lal Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Madhuban || None || Umesh Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Ghosi || None || Sudhakar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Muhammadabad- Gohna || None || (sc) (sc)baijnath || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mau || None || Mukhtar Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Quami Ekta Dal}}
|-
|
| Belthara Road || SC || Gorakh Paswan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Rasara || None || Umashankar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Sikanderpur || None || Jiauddin Rijvi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Phephana || None || Upendra Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Ballia Nagar || None || Narad Rai || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bansdih || None || Ram Govind || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bairia || None || Jai Prakash Anchal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Badlapur || None || Om Prakash 'baba' Dubey || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Shahganj || None || Shailendra Yadav 'lalaee' || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Jaunpur || None || Nadeem Javed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Malhani || None || Paras Nath Yadaw || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mungra Badshahpur || None || Seema || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Machhlishahr || SC || Jagdish Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mariyahu || None || Shraddha Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Zafrabad || None || Sachindra Nath Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Kerakat || SC || Gulab Chand || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Jakhanian || SC || Subba Ram || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Saidpur || SC || Subhash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Ghazipur || None || Vijay Kumar Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Jangipur || None || Kailash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Zahoorabad || None || Syeda Shadab Fatima || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mohammadabad || None || Sibgatulla Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Quami Ekta Dal}}
|-
|
| Zamania || None || Omprakash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mughalsarai || None || Babban || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Sakaldiha || None || Sushil Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|
| Saiyadraja || None || Manoj Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|
| Chakia || SC || Poonam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Pindra || None || Ajay || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Ajagara || SC || Tribhuvan Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Shivpur || None || Uday Lal Maurya || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Rohaniya || None || [[Anupriya Patel]] || {{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}
|-
|
| Varanasi North || None || Ravindra Jaiswal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Varanasi South || None || Shyamdev Roy Chaudhari (dada) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Varanasi Cantt. || None || Jyotsana Srivastava || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|
| Sevapuri || None || Surendra Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Bhadohi || None || Jahid Beg || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Gyanpur || None || Vijay Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Aurai || SC || Madhubala || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Chhanbey || SC || Bhai Lal Kol || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Mirzapur || None || Kailash Nath Chaurasiya || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Majhawan || None || Ramesh Chand || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| Chunar || None || Jagatamba Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Marihan || None || Laliteshpati Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
| Ghorawal || None || Ramesh Chandra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Robertsganj || None || Avinash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|
| Obra || None || Sunil Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|
| [[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Duddhi]] (SC) || SC || [[Rubi Prasad]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|}

==District Wise Performance==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! District
! Seats
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |'''SP'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |'''BSP'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''BJP'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |'''INC'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |'''RLD'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Others}}" |'''OTH'''
|-
! [[Agra district|Agra]]
! 9
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" | 6
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 3
| 0
|-

! [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Amethi district|Amethi]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Amroha district|Amroha]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]
! 10
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |9
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Bagpat district|Bagpat]]
! 3
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-

! [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
! 7
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Ballia district|Ballia]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Banda district, India|Banda]]
! 4
| 1
| 1
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
! 9
| 3
| 2
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Basti district|Basti]]
! 5
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Bhadohi district|Bhadohi]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
! 8
| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Budaun district|Budaun]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]
! 7
| 2
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]]
! 4
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Others}} ; color:black;" |2
|-

! [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]
! 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Deoria district|Deoria]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Etah district|Etah]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Etawah district|Etawah]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur]]
! 6
| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Gautam Budh Nagar district|Gautam Budh Nagar]]
! 3
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Ghaziabad district|Ghaziabad]]
! 5
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
! [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Gonda district|Gonda]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |6
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]]
! 9
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]
! 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Hapur district|Hapur]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |6
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Hathras district|Hathras]]
! 3
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Jalaun district|Jalaun]]
! 3
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]
! 9
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |7
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kanpur Dehat district|Kanpur Dehat]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]
! 10
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 0
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]]
! 3
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur Kheri]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Lalitpur District, India|Lalitpur]]
! 2
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]]
! 9
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |7
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Mahoba district|Mahoba]]
! 2
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Mathura district|Mathura]]
! 5
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
|-

! [[Mau district|Mau]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Meerut district|Meerut]]
! 7
| 3
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
! 6
| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-

! [[Pilibhit district|Pilibhit]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
|-

! [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
! 12
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |8
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Rampur district|Rampur]]
! 5
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]]
! 7
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Shamli district|Shamli]]
! 3
| 0
| 0
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Shrawasti district|Shrawasti]]
! 2
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Siddharthnagar district|Siddharthnagar]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]]
! 9
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |7
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" | 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-

! [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]]
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Unnao district|Unnao]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |5
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-

! [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
! 8
| 1
| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
! Total
! 403
! 224
! 80
! 47
! 28
! 9
! 15
|}

== Bypolls (2012-2017) ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Date
!Constituency
!MLA before election
! colspan="2" |Party before election
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party after election
|-
!82
|12 June 2012
|[[Mant Assembly constituency|Mant]]
|[[Jayant Chaudhary]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|[[Shyam Sunder Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
!340
|23 February 2013
|[[Bhatpar Rani Assembly constituency|Bhatpar Rani]]
|Kameswar Upadhyay
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|[[Ashutosh Upadhyay]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
!258
|2 June 2013
|[[Handia Assembly constituency|Handia]]
|Mahesh Narayan Singh
|[[Prashant Singh]]
|-
!3
|rowspan="11"|13 September 2014
|[[Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency)|Saharanpur Nagar]]
|[[Raghav Lakhanpal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=10}}
|[[Rajiv Gumber]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
!61
| [[Noida (Assembly constituency)|Noida]]
| [[Mahesh Sharma]]
| [[Vimla Batham]]
|-
!173
| [[Lucknow East (Assembly constituency)|Lucknow East]]
| [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| [[Ashutosh Tandon]]
|-
!22
| [[Bijnor (Assembly constituency)|Bijnor]]
| [[Kunwar Bhartendra Singh]]
| [[Ruchi Veera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=11}}
|-
!26
| [[Thakurdwara (Assembly constituency)|Thakurdwara]]
| [[Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh]]
| [[Nawab Jan]]
|-
!138
| [[Nighasan (Assembly constituency)|Nighasan]]
| [[Ajay Kumar Mishra]]
| [[Krishna Gopal Patel]]
|-
!228
| [[Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Hamirpur]]
| [[Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti]]
| [[Shiv Charan Prajapati]]
|-
!231
| [[Charkhari (Assembly constituency)|Charkhari]]
| [[Uma Bharti]]
| [[Kaptan Singh]]
|-
!251
| [[Sirathu (Assembly constituency)|Sirathu]]
| [[Keshav Prasad Maurya]]
| [[Wachaspati]]
|-
!282
| [[Balha (Assembly constituency)|Balha]]
| [[Savitri Bai Phule]]
| [[Banshidhar Baudh]]
|-
!387
| [[Rohaniya (Assembly constituency)|Rohaniya]]
| [[Anupriya Singh Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}
| [[Mahendra Singh Patel]]
|-
!8
| 15 October 2014
| [[Kairana (Assembly constituency)|Kairana]]
| [[Hukum Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Nahid Hasan]]
|-
!231
| 11 April 2015
| [[Charkhari (Assembly constituency)|Charkhari]]
| Kaptan Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
| Urmila Rajput
|-
!315
| 30 April 2015
| [[Pharenda (Assembly constituency)|Pharenda]]
| [[Bajrang Bahadur Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Vinod Tiwari]]
|-
!5
|rowspan=3” |13 February 2016
|[[Deoband Assembly constituency|Deoband]]
|Rajendra Singh Rana
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=5}}
|Mavia Ali
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!14
|[[Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]
|Chitranjan Swaroop
|[[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
!274
|[[Bikapur Assembly constituency|Bikapur]]
|Mitrasen Yadav
|Anand Sen
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=03}}
|-
!30
|rowspan=2" |16 May 2016
|[[Bilari Assembly constituency|Bilari]]
|Mohd. Irfan
|Mohd. Faeem
|-
!376
|[[Jangipur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jangipur]]
|Kailash
|Kismatiya
|}

== See also==
* [[Elections in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|List Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]]

== Notes ==
{{notes
| notes =
{{efn
| name = chakka jam
| Chakka Jam is a term used in India and Nepal for the "deliberate creation of traffic jams as a form of political and social protest".<ref>{{citation|url=https://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/24/chakka-jam/ |title=Schott's Vocab – Chakka Jam |date= 24 November 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=5 June 2020 |first1=Ben |last1=Schott}}</ref>
}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Uttar Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2012 State Assembly elections in India|Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:February 2012 in India]]
[[Category:March 2012 in India]]
[[Category:2010s in Uttar Pradesh]]

Kosi division

2026-03-08T08:13:00Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Administrative division in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kosi division
| native_name =
| image_map = Kosi division.svg
| map_caption = Location of Kosi division in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|25.88|N|86.6|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Saharsa]]
| parts_type = Districts
| parts_style = para
| p1 = Saharsa, Madhepura and Supaul
| leader_title = Commissioner
| leader_name =
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total = 12,120,117
| population_as_of = 2011
|road connectivity =
| website =
| type = Division of [[Bihar]]
}}
'''Kosi division''' is an administrative geographical unit of [[Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[India]]. [[Saharsa]] is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2022), the division consists of [[Saharsa district]], [[Madhepura district]], and [[Supaul district]].

==Economy==

=== Agriculture ===

It is the major producer of [[Maize|Corn]] and [[Euryale ferox|Makhana]] in India. Every year tonnes of corn and makhana are disseminated throughout the entire country by railways and airways. The following crops are grown in the region: [[Euryale ferox|Makhana]] (''Euryale ferox'' Salisb), [[rice]], [[mango]]es, [[litchi]], [[bamboo]], [[Mustard oil|mustard]], [[Maize|corn]], [[wheat]] and [[sugarcane]]. [[Teak|Sagwan]] or teak (''Tectona grandis'') trees are now grown on a large scale.

==History==
Present-day Kosi division, all of which was previously part of [[Saharsa district]], is part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA27 | title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective| isbn=9788175330344| last1=Jha| first1=Makhan| year=1997}}</ref> Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] who established the [[Mithila Kingdom]] (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143</ref>
During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Kingdom of the Videhas became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Kingdom of the Videhas were called [[Janaka]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Witzel, M. |author-link=Michael Witzel |year=1989 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |location=Paris |editor1-last=Caillat |editor1-first=C. |pages=141–143 |publisher=Fondation Hugot}}</ref>
The Mithila Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Vajjika League]], which had its capital in the city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]], which is also in Mithila.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hemchandra, R. |year=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |location=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta}}</ref>

==Language==
The predominant language spoken in this region is Hindi and [[Maithili language]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq1aDwAAQBAJ&q=maithili&pg=PT111 |title = Bihar Samanya Gyan|isbn = 9789386300850|last1 = Ranjan|first1 = Manish}}</ref> The most common dialect of Maithili used in Kosi division is [[Thēthi|Thēthi dialect]].<ref>Ray, K. K. (2009). Reduplication in Thenthi Dialect of Maithili Language. Nepalese Linguistics 24: 285–290.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Districts of Bihar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://supaul.nic.in/ Official Website of Supaul District]
*[https://kosinews.com/kosi-division/ Kosi Division - Details]

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Kosi Division}}
{{Kosi basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kosi division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Bihar]]
[[Category:Populated places in Mithila, India]]

{{bihar-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Zones/divisions in kosi region]]

Peter Selvakumar

2026-03-08T07:40:02Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Indian director, screenwriter}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=October 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Peter Selvakumar
| image = Peter selvakumar wiki pic1.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Peter Selvakumar
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Tiruppathur Ramanathapuram District
| death_date = 1 July 2006 (aged 66)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2006/07/02/peter.html?story=1|title=சினிமா வசனகர்த்தா பீட்டர் செல்வகுமார் மரணம்|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110113551/https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2006/07/02/peter.html?story=1|archive-date=10 January 2024|date=1 July 2006|work=One india Tamil}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Chennai]]
| other_names = Chellappa
| occupation = Film producer
| years_active = 1980-2005
| known_for = Script writing
| notable_works = {{Ubl | ''[[Moondru Mugam]]'' | ''[[Sivappu Sooriyan]]'' | ''[[Dharma Yuddham]]''}}
}}
'''Peter Selvakumar''' was a [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] director, producer and story writer.

== Filmography ==
=== Film writer ===
* ''[[Sandhippu]]''
* ''[[Sivappu Sooriyan]]''
* ''[[Moondru Mugam]]''
* ''[[Dharma Yuddham]]''
* ''[[Erimalai]]''
* ''[[Gramatthu Minnal]]''
*'' Kaali Koil Kabali''
* ''[[Kairasikkaran]]''
* ''[[Pudhiya Vazhkai]]''
*''[[Kanne Radha]]''
*''[[Silk Silk Silk]]''

=== Film producer ===
* ''[[Amman Koil Kizhakale]]''
* ''[[Ninaive Oru Sangeetham]]''
* ''[[Ponmana Selvan]]''
* ''[[Dhayam Onnu]]'' (also director)

=== Television writer ===
* ''[[Mangai (TV series)|Mangai]]''
* ''Sondham''
* ''[[Vazhkai (TV series)|Vazhkai]]''
* ''[[Vazhnthu Kaatugiren]]''
* ''[[Sorgam (TV series)|Sorgam]]''
* ''Aasai''

== Awards and recognition ==
Selvakumar was posthumously awarded a Life Time Achievement award from AVM productions.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celebrating-serials/article2272432.ece | title=Celebrating serials | newspaper=The Hindu | date=18 May 2007 | access-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240110112613/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celebrating-serials/article2272432.ece|archive-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.rajinifans.com/celebrity/peter-selvakumar.php
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0318983/

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]

Rakshasa (2025 film)

2026-03-04T14:36:59Z

BabulHossainjoy: started new post

{{Short description|2025 Indian horror thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rakshasa
| image = Rakshasa (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Lohith H.
| producer = Deepu B. S.
| writer = Lohith H.
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Prajwal Devaraj]]
* [[Sonal Monteiro]]
}}
| music = [[Varun Unni]]
| cinematography = Jebin P. Jacob
| editing = C. Ravichandran
| studio = Shanvi Entertainments
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|3|7|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Rakshasa''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[horror thriller film]] written and directed by Lohith H. The film stars [[Prajwal Devaraj]] and [[Sonal Monteiro]].

== Plot ==
Satya, a suspended police officer, is asked to catch three criminals near [[Ongole]] and keep them in an old railway station police outpost. In the basement of this station lies a wooden trunk that holds a [[Brahmarakshasa]]— a demon locked away centuries ago by [[Ramanujacharya|Saint Ramanujacharya]]. During an eclipse called the “dark hour,” Satya unknowingly opens the trunk, freeing the demon and starting a strange time loop where the same one hour repeats again and again. Satya and the criminals are trapped inside, facing the demon’s attacks while learning bits of its history. Each loop gets more dangerous, and Satya also struggles with his own past. Using what he learns in every repeat, Satya plans to seal the demon back. In the climax, he succeeds in locking the Brahmarakshasa again, breaking the loop and ending the curse. Morning comes, but the film hints that bigger secrets remain, leaving space for the next chapter.

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref name="TNIER" /><ref name="DHR" />
* [[Prajwal Devaraj]] as Satya
* [[Sonal Monteiro]]
* Arna Rathod
* Sridhar
* Vihaan Krishna
* Somashekar
* Gautam

== Production ==
Prior to the production of this film, Lohith and [[Prajwal Devaraj]] had already worked on the film ''Mafia''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Rakshasa' is a horror time loop driven by the Brahma Rakshasa's motive' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Feb/25/rakshasa-is-a-horror-time-loop-driven-by-the-brahma-rakshasas-motive |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Initially, the film was titled ''A Tale of Devil'', but the makers changed it to ''Rakshasa'' due to [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]'s film being titled ''[[The Devil (2025 film)|The Devil]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Rakshasa' was initially titled 'A Tale of Devil': Lohith H |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/13/rakshasa-was-initially-titled-a-tale-of-devil-lohith-h |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 August 2024 |language=en |archive-date=14 August 2024 |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814044254/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/13/rakshasa-was-initially-titled-a-tale-of-devil-lohith-h |url-status=live }}</ref> The filming took place in [[Ramoji Film City]] for over fifty-five days.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dynamic Prince Prajwal Devaraj Next To Be Horror Film; Titled Rakshasa |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/dynamic-prince-prajwal-devaraj-next-to-be-horror-film-titled-rakshasa-article-111485292/ |work=Times Now |date=4 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131091825/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/dynamic-prince-prajwal-devaraj-next-to-be-horror-film-titled-rakshasa-article-111485292 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prajwal Devaraj ventures into horror with 'Rakshasa' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jul/06/prajwal-devaraj-ventures-into-horror-with-rakshasa |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rakshasa: A Unique Time Loop Horror Film from Director Lohith H |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/rakshasa-a-unique-time-loop-horror-film-from-director-lohith-h/articleshow/117994012.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=7 February 2025}}</ref> A few portions of the film were shot in [[Bangalore]], [[Rameswaram]], and [[Goa]].<ref name="CE">{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Rakshasa release postponed due to technical issues |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Feb/27/rakshasa-release-postponed-due-to-technical-issues |work=Cinema Express |date=11 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film has songs composed by [[Varun Unni]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rakshasa Songs by Varun Unni |url=https://gaana.com/album/rakshasa-kannada-2024 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=26 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Oh Nanna Jeevave
| length1 = 3:25
| lyrics1 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| extra1 = [[Kapil Kapilan]]
| title2 = Ra Ra Rakshasa
| length2 = 3:25
| lyrics2 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| extra2 = [[Varun Unni]]
| total_length = 6:50
}}

== Release ==
''Rakshasa'' was initially scheduled to be released on 26 February 2025,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title='Rakshasa' trailer creates buzz |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/rakshasa-trailer-creates-buzz-941183 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=31 January 2025 |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418110132/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/rakshasa-trailer-creates-buzz-941183 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Prajwal Devaraj's Rakshasa set for Shivaratri release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Jan/04/prajwal-devarajs-rakshasa-set-for-shivaratri-release |work=Cinema Express |date=11 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> but it was postponed and was released theatrically on 7 March 2025.<ref name="CE" />

== Reception ==
Sridevi S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "Despite minor flaws, the movie captures the audience's attention. The film takes off like a commercial caper, but gains momentum once the demon is unleashed."<ref>{{cite news |title=Rakshasa review: Prajwal aces in a tale that blends horror and time loop Movie Review: Prajwal aces in a tale that blends horror and time loop |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rakshasa-review-prajwal-aces-in-a-tale-that-blends-horror-and-time-loop/amp_movie_review/118814986.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 March 2025}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "On the downside, ''Rakshasa'' may not appeal to casual viewers looking for straightforward thrills and chills, as it leaves many questions unanswered. However, beyond the time-loop concept, the film does have genuinely scary sequences."<ref>{{cite news |title=Rakshasa Movie Review: Prajwal Devaraj Shines In This Horror Time-Loop Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/rakshasa-movie-review-prajwal-devaraj-shines-in-this-horror-time-loop-thriller-review-118787680/ |work=Times Now |date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Suhasini B. Srihari of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave it two out of five stars and wrote, "The story seems to confuse the genres of mythology and horror. The generic horror elements, such as the presence of a creepy doll and doors shutting by themselves, are a desperate attempt to make the film sell under the horror banner."<ref name="DHR">{{cite news |title='Rakshasa' movie review: Rickety effort to mix horror with time loop |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rakshasa-movie-review-rickety-effort-to-mix-horror-with-time-loop-3437530 |work=Deccan Herald |date=8 March 2025 |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328102301/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rakshasa-movie-review-rickety-effort-to-mix-horror-with-time-loop-3437530 |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Though ''Rakshasa: Part 2'' may feel incomplete, it sets the stage for what’s to come."<ref name="TNIER">{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Rakshasa Movie Review: A noteworthy horror experiment with a time loop twist |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Mar/08/rakshasa-movie-review-a-noteworthy-horror-experiment-with-a-time-loop-twist |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 March 2025 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404231237/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/review/2025/Mar/08/rakshasa-movie-review-a-noteworthy-horror-experiment-with-a-time-loop-twist |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]

The Gambler (2019 film)

2026-03-03T20:29:08Z

BabulHossainjoy: created the entry basic info

{{Short description|Indian Malayalam-language superhero film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Gambler
| image = The Gambler (2019 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Tom Emmatty]]
| writer =
| producer = [[Thankachan Emmanuel]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Anson Paul]]
* George Emmatty
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Manikandan Ayyappa [[Gopi Sundar]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|5|9}}
| runtime = 121 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Gambler movie review highlights: A first half about the everyday struggles of an average father |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-gambler-movie-review-highlights-a-first-half-about-the-everyday-struggles-of-an-average-father/articleshow/69476123.cms |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402210959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-gambler-movie-review-highlights-a-first-half-about-the-everyday-struggles-of-an-average-father/articleshow/69476123.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''The Gambler''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Tom Emmatty]] (who directed ''[[Oru Mexican Aparatha]]'') and starring [[Anson Paul]] and George Emmatty (director's son).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anson Paul played with toy figurines for the first time, on the sets of his film The Gambler! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/anson-paul-played-with-toy-figurines-for-the-first-time-on-the-sets-of-his-film-the-gambler/articleshow/69504102.cms |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=26 May 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402210406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/anson-paul-played-with-toy-figurines-for-the-first-time-on-the-sets-of-his-film-the-gambler/articleshow/69504102.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Anson Paul- Tom Emmatty movie Gambler starts rolling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-paul-tom-emmatty-movie-gambler-starts-rolling/articleshow/67610395.cms |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=20 January 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-paul-tom-emmatty-movie-gambler-starts-rolling/articleshow/67610395.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gambler trailer launched |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/gambler-trailer-launched/articleshow/69342328.cms |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/gambler-trailer-launched/articleshow/69342328.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is about a father, George, who appears in his son's dreams as a superhero, IO Man.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |title=The origin of the gambler |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/may/13/the-origin-of-the-gambler-1976036.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 May 2019 |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205452/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/may/13/the-origin-of-the-gambler-1976036.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidhardhan |first=Sanjith |date=24 March 2019 |title=Anson Paul: My mothers are my superheroes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-mothers-are-my-superheroes-anson-paul/articleshow/68534801.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-mothers-are-my-superheroes-anson-paul/articleshow/68534801.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidhardhan |first=Sanjith |date=7 April 2019 |title=IO Man's alter ego revealed in the latest poster of Gambler |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/io-mans-alter-ego-revealed-in-the-latest-poster-of-gambler/articleshow/68761320.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/io-mans-alter-ego-revealed-in-the-latest-poster-of-gambler/articleshow/68761320.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was touted to be the first Malayalam superhero film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidhardhan |date=17 December 2018 |title=Anson Paul's superhero movie is based on real story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-pauls-superhero-movie-is-based-on-real-story/articleshow/67124975.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-pauls-superhero-movie-is-based-on-real-story/articleshow/67124975.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==

A father and son go through a series of struggles as they try to get what is important to them and live a happier life.

== Cast ==
*[[Anson Paul]] as Anson
* George Emmatty
*Dayyana Hameed
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
*[[Salim Kumar]]
*[[Vijayakumar (Malayalam actor)|Vijayakumar]]
*Vishnu Govindan
*[[Sijoy Varghese]]
* Roopesh Peethambaran
* Keanu Adduono as Investor
*Joseph Annamkutty Jose
*[[Jayaraj Warrier]]
* Aristo Suresh
*[[Rajini Chandy]]
*Sreelakshmy Ramshy
* Vidya Martin

== Release and reception ==
The film released on 9 May.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anson Paul's Gambler gets a release date – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-pauls-gambler-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/68904760.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 April 2019 |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anson-pauls-gambler-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/68904760.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2/5 and wrote that "The film could sure have made a better impact if the treatment was well-thought-out".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayaram |first=Deepika |date=24 May 2019 |title=The Gambler Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of the Gambler by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-gambler/movie-review/69478579.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402205338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-gambler/movie-review/69478579.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave a negative review.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |title=The Gambler Movie Review: A bland commercial masquerading as a film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/may/25/a-bland-commercial-masquerading-as-a-film-1981336.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=25 May 2019 |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809030503/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/may/25/a-bland-commercial-masquerading-as-a-film-1981336.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' opined that "At this time when ''[[Avengers: Endgame|Avengers Endgame]]'' is still going strong in the theatres, it would be an eye-opener for the director to watch what a superhero film actually entails".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=The Gambler movie review: No superhero in this "superhero film" |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/250519/the-gambler-movie-review-no-superhero-in-this-superhero-film.html |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628033025/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/250519/the-gambler-movie-review-no-superhero-in-this-superhero-film.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|9447594}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gambler, The}}
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2010s superhero films]]
[[Category:Indian superhero films]]

Padaharella Vayasu

2026-03-03T20:25:21Z

BabulHossainjoy: started a stub...

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Padaharella Vayasu
| image = Padaharella Vayasu.jpg

| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| writer = Satyanand (dialogues)
| story = [[Bharathiraja]]
| based_on = ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'' (Tamil)
| producer = Angara Sathyam
| starring = [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] [[Mohan Babu]] [[Sridevi]] [[Nirmalamma]]
| cinematography = K. S. Prakash
| editing =
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1978|8|31|ref1=<ref name="PV">{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=21 January 2007 |editor-last=Nachaki |title=Articles : Movie Retrospect : Padaharella Vayasu - 1978 |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_padahaarellavayasu1978.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012100403/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_padahaarellavayasu1978.php |archive-date=12 October 2008 |access-date=19 February 2012 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}
'''''Padaharella Vayasu''''' ({{translation|16 years of age}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] starring [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Sridevi]] and [[Mohan Babu]]. Directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], it is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'' (1977), which also starred Sridevi. Like the original, the film was a success, completing 100 days in almost every theatre it was shown in.

== Plot ==
This film revolves around a 16-year-old girl, Malli. She is a recent high school graduate (10th pass) with exceptional scores. She is an attractive, intelligent woman living in a small society, filled with ambitions of becoming a teacher. A new veterinarian arrives at the village hospital. Many are impressed by this charming young fellow; he seems to be wealthy and prosperous. Malli is deeply attracted to the doctor, and he, too, in turn seems to reciprocate her feelings. Malli sacrifices her opportunity to study in the teaching college course to spend time with him. But she sees his true colors when he tries to force himself on her. Malli refuses his advances. The doctor dumps her, insulting her by calling her an ignorant villager, and leaves the village.

Malli's mother also passes away after finding out about her daughter's affair and her failure to get any match arranged for Malli. Her only remaining family is her distant cousin Gopalakrishna, a village simpleton who is taken advantage of and isolated by society. He is secretly in love with Malli and is jealous and upset about the veterinarian. Another important character is the village rowdy Simhachalam, who also has an eye on Malli. With no other hope, Malli gets support from Gopal and turns him into a good person, and gradually falls in love with him. Malli asks Gopal to make arrangements for their marriage. Gopal goes to town. Meanwhile, Simhachalam attempts to rape Malli, but Gopal arrives on time and kills Simhachalam. He is sentenced to jail for the murder, and Malli waits for him.
In the end, it is shown that Gopal gets released from jail and marries Malli.

==Cast==
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]] as Gopal
* [[Sridevi]] as Malli
*[[Mohan Babu]] as Simhachalam
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Gangamma
* Navakanth as the doctor

== Production ==
Producer Midde Rama Rao bought the remake rights of Tamil film ''16 Vayathinile'' at the cost of {{INRConvert|1.25|l|year=1978}}. [[Sobhan Babu]] showed interest in the character, but the character was ultimately played by [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]. [[Rajinikanth]] expressed interest in reprising his role from the original, but [[Mohan Babu]] was selected as he was better known in Telugu cinema. [[Sridevi]] reprised her role from the original after attempts to sign [[Jayasudha]] were unsuccessful.<ref name="PV" /> Navakanth portrayed the role of doctor. The film's composer, Chakravarthy, dubbed his voice for him.<ref name="PV" />

The film was completed in four months. Overall, with all expenses for rights and remunerations, the film cost makers {{INRConvert|10.5|l|year=1978}}, and they got a table profit of {{INRConvert|6|l|year=1978}}. The film celebrated a hundred-day run in almost all centers where it was released.<ref name="PV" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music, largely [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]], was composed by [[K. Chakravarthy]]. Although Chakravarthi is the music director, the main song "Sirimallepoovaa Sirimallepoovaa" tune was originally composed by Ilaiyaraja in the Tamil version.<ref name="PV" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song
! Singer
|-
|"Sirimallepoovaa Sirimallepoovaa"
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|"Sirimallepoovaa Sirimallepoovaa-2"<ref name="PV" />
|S. Janaki
|-
|"Puvvulaanti Malli Pushpinchenamma"
|Chorus
|-
|"Vayasanta Mudupugatti Vastantale Adukundaam"
|S. Janaki
|-
|"Kattukathalu Nenu Cheppi Navviste"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], S. Janaki
|-
|"Pantachelo Paalakanki Navvindi"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0187379}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}
{{Jandhyala Subramanya Sastry}}

[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Lucca's World

2026-03-03T01:35:25Z

BabulHossainjoy: put up stub

{{Short description|2025 film}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lucca's World
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| based_on = {{basedon|''Los dos hemisferios de Lucca''| [[Bárbara Anderson]]}}
| director = [[Mariana Chenillo]]
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Javier Peñalosa
* Marina Chenillo
}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Rafael Ley
* Mónica Vertiz
* Ximena Castro }}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bárbara Mori]]
* Julián Tello
* [[Juan Pablo Medina]]
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music =
| studio = 
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|01|31}}
| runtime = 96 minutes
| country = Mexico
| language = Spanish
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Lucca's World''''' ({{langx|es|'''Los dos hemisferios de Lucca'''}}) is a 2025 Mexican drama film directed by [[Mariana Chenillo]]. The film stars [[Bárbara Mori]] as [[Bárbara Anderson]], a mother of a child with [[cerebral palsy]]. Based on actual events and a book of the same name, the film details Anderson’s efforts to secure medical treatment for her son, Lucca, after he received a serious diagnosis. It examines the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and their caregivers and portrays the role of family support.<ref name="evrimagaci1">{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=Netflix Film 'Los Dos Hemisferios De Lucca' Inspires With Heartfelt Story |url=https://evrimagaci.org/tpg/netflix-film-los-dos-hemisferios-de-lucca-inspires-with-heartfelt-story-173780 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The Pinnacle Gazette |language=en}}</ref>

As information rather than entertainment, the film has been heavily criticised as spreading a "fantastical message" and being supportive of expensive equipment for which no evidence has been published, and which has been found to be ineffective.

== Plot ==
The film follows [[Bárbara Anderson]] and her husband Andrés as they confront their son Lucca’s diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Faced with a lack of effective treatment options in their home country, the family embarks on a life-changing journey to [[India]] to access an experimental treatment called the [[Cytotron]], claimed to stimulate [[neuronal regeneration]].<ref name="sortiraparis">{{Cite web |first=Julie |last=de Sortiraparis |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Lucca's Two Hemispheres: a moving film about cerebral palsy |url=https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/what-to-do-in-paris/cinema-series/articles/323604-lucca-s-two-hemispheres-a-poignant-drama-starring-barbara-mori |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.sortiraparis.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="yahoo">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-30 |first=Bernice |last=Bautista |title="Los dos hemisferios de Lucca" muestra la valentía de la familia de un niño con discapacidad |trans-title="The two hemispheres of Lucca" show the bravery of the family of a child with disabilities |url=https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/hemisferios-lucca-muestra-valent%C3%ADa-familia-205018456.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Yahoo News |language=es-US}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Bárbara Mori]] as Bárbara Anderson
* [[Juan Pablo Medina]] as Andrés
* Julián Tello as Lucca
* Samuel Pérez as Bruno
* [[Danish Husain]] as Doctor Kumar
* [[Ari Brickman]] as Jaramillo
* Abhinav Grover as Venkatesh

== Production ==
The film was shot in locations across India, including [[Bhopal]] and [[Bangalore]], ensuring cultural authenticity in the depiction of the family's journey. The production team made significant efforts to represent the traditional aspects of Indian culture.<ref name="tribuneindia">{{Cite web |title=Heart-breaking & equally uplifting |author=Mona |date=Feb 1, 2025 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-review/heart-breaking-equally-uplifting/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Themes ==
The film addresses critical issues related to [[disability rights]] and the systemic barriers faced by families seeking treatment for conditions like cerebral palsy. Through Bárbara’s personal struggle, the film advocates for greater inclusion and access to resources for individuals with disabilities.<ref name="evrimagaci2">{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=Lucca's World Inspires With True Story Of Resilience |url=https://evrimagaci.org/tpg/luccas-world-inspires-with-true-story-of-resilience-174584 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The Pinnacle Gazette |language=en}}</ref><ref name="elpais" />

== Reception ==
=== Performance ===
Mori's portrayal of Bárbara highlights the emotional strength and vulnerability of a mother fighting for her child's well-being. The performance has been praised for its authenticity and depth, reflecting the immense challenges faced by families dealing with disabilities. Mori's work is considered one of the film's standout elements, contributing significantly to its emotional impact.<ref name="evrimagaci1" /><ref name="elpais">{{Cite web |last=Rosete |first=Erika |date=2025-01-31 |title='Los dos hemisferios de Lucca', la película que reivindica a las mujeres cuidadoras y al derecho a una vida digna de quienes viven con discapacidad |trans-title='The two hemispheres of Lucca', the film that vindicates women carers and the right to a life worthy of those living with disabilities |url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2025-01-31/los-dos-hemisferios-de-lucca-la-pelicula-que-reivindica-a-las-mujeres-cuidadoras-y-al-derecho-a-una-vida-digna-de-quienes-viven-con-discapacidad.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=El País México |language=es-MX}}</ref>

===Critical response===
The film has garnered attention for its emotional depth and its exploration of the human spirit. Critics have praised its powerful storytelling, with particular emphasis on Mori's and Tello's performances. The movie also received recognition for its contributions to discussions surrounding disability and caregiving.<ref name="elpais" /><ref name="evrimagaci2" /><ref name="tribuneindia" />

===Accuracy===

As a provider of information, rather than entertainment, the film has been heavily criticised as spreading a "fantastical message" and being supportive of expensive equipment for which no evidence has been published, and which has been found to be ineffective. the inventor of the Cytotron had also invented "Shycocan, an electron-producing device which claimed to stop the spread of coronavirus in closed spaces 'by photon mediation'".<ref>{{cite news| last1=Bland | first1=Archie | last2=Spencer | first2=Ruth | title=With a new hit film, Netflix has reduced disabled lives to feelgood fodder – and got the facts shockingly wrong |newspaper=the Guardian | date=11 February 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/feb/11/netflix-film-disabled-lives-feelgood-child-cerebral-palsy-families}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Spanish-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films about disability in Mexico]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:2025 Mexican films]]
[[Category:2025 Spanish-language films]]

Miss Lovely

2026-03-02T09:29:51Z

BabulHossainjoy: added references

{{short description|2012 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Miss Lovely
| image = Miss Lovely (2012 film).jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Ashim Ahluwalia]]
| producer = Shumona Goel Sanjay Shah Pinaki Chatterjee
| writer = Ashim Ahluwalia Uttam Sirur
| starring = [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] [[Niharika Singh]] [[Menaka Lalwani]] Anil George Zeena Bhatia
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]] [[Cloudland Canyon (band)|Cloudland Canyon]] Kip Uhlhorn
| cinematography = [[K. U. Mohanan]]
| editing = Paresh Kamdar Ashim Ahluwalia
| distributor = Easel Films Eagle Movies
| released = {{film date|2012|5|24|[[2012 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|2014|1|17|India|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3352259.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Anuj | last=Kumar | title=Miss Lovely in Cannes | date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Miss Lovely''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Ashim Ahluwalia]] and set in the criminal depths of Mumbai's C-grade (horror and [[porn film]]) industry.<ref name=film/> Ahluwalia's debut feature follows the story of the Duggal brothers who produce sleazy sex-horror films in the mid-1980s.<ref name="On IMDB">Miss Lovely [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1629715/ On IMDB]</ref> The plot explores the intense and mutually destructive relationship between younger sibling Sonu Duggal, played by [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], and his elder brother, Vicky (Anil George). Sonu finds himself drawn to a mysterious young woman named Pinky ([[Niharika Singh]]) eventually leading to his downfall. ''Miss Lovely'' had its cinematic release on 17 January 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-m-glad-censor-board-didn-t-ban-miss-lovely-director-460251 |title=I'm glad Censor board didn't ban Miss Lovely: director | NDTV Movies.com |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |date=18 December 2013 |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515165155/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-m-glad-censor-board-didn-t-ban-miss-lovely-director-460251 |url-status=dead }}</ref> across 300 screens in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6388&nCat= |title=Archived copy |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140118052946/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6388&nCat= |archive-date=18 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film won the [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award (Feature film)]] and [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design Award]] at the [[61st National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards Announced: Live Update|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/61st-national-film-awards-announced-live-update_153657.html|publisher=[[Zee News]]|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>

The stylized form, densely layered narrative, period costumes and production design simultaneously convey a pulp style and contemporaneous modernity. Jonathan Romney of [[Sight & Sound]] described the film as "A shock to the system – an Indian film like I’d never seen."<ref>BFI Film Forever [https://web.archive.org/web/20120803004136/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/newsandviews/festivals/blog/cannes-2012-05-25-in-the-fog.php Indian Independence]</ref> The film constantly switches between [[genre]] pieces and is part hard-boiled [[film noir]], part love story, part [[melodrama]] and part [[documentary]]. It has been compared to [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]’s ''[[The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant]]'', and [[Wong Kar Wai]]'s ''[[Chungking Express]]''.<ref name="On IMDB"/>

Shot on a combination of [[Kodak]] Super 16 and [[35mm movie film|35mm]] film in [[widescreen]], the central themes of Miss Lovely include repressed [[sexuality]], [[censorship]], the deconstruction of [[genre]], the material nature of [[celluloid]] and the extinction of cinema itself.<ref name="Film Commentary and Criticism">Cine Malin [http://cmfilmcommentary.com/2013/02/28/interview-with-ashim-ahluwalia-part-2/ Film Commentary and Criticism]</ref> The [[film soundtrack]] also links back to a history of past cinema, particularly the use of the rare work of Italian [[composers]] [[Egisto Macchi]] and [[Piero Umiliani]], who had both scored [[exploitation films]]. The [[soundtrack]] also employs [[film scores]] by Indian [[composer]] [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[disco]] producer [[Biddu]].

''Miss Lovely'' competed in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section at the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="Official Selection">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58878.html |title=2012 Official Selection |access-date=21 April 2012 |work=Cannes}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-20/news-interviews/31373565_1_indian-film-competition-section-moonrise-kingdom |title=Indian movie ''Miss Lovely'' at Cannes film fest |access-date=21 April 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 April 2012 }}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The film has since screened at numerous film festivals including the [[Toronto International Film Festival]]<ref>Marissa Bronfman [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marissa-bronfman/ashim-ahluwalia_b_1866933.html/ Huffington Post]</ref> and [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]].<ref>Miss Lovely [http://www.filmfestivalrotterdam.com/professionals/films/miss-lovely/ Bright Future 2013]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as Sonu Duggal
* [[Niharika Singh]] as Sonika/Pinky
* Anil George as Vicky Duggal
* Zeena Bhatia as Poonam
* [[Menaka Lalwani]] as Nadia Khan
* Ragesh Asthanaa as PK
* Manoj Bakshi as Heera Seherwala

==Development==
The project started as a [[documentary]] on C-grade sex cinema in the lower depths of [[Bollywood]] which flourished between the 1970s and the early 2000s when it was eventually made redundant by anonymous internet pornography. During work on the documentary, the director discovered that none of the subjects were willing to appear on camera as shooting pornography in India constitutes a serious criminal offense. The documentary was subsequently shelved. The project was later reworked into a feature film script and set in the past so as to protect the identities of individual subjects and their actual stories.<ref name=film>[http://filmfare.com/interviews/ashim-ahluwalia-sleaze-the-day-934.html Ashim Ahluwalia: Sleaze the day] Filmfare, 27 July 2012.</ref> The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) gave an ‘A’ certification to the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepressjournal.in/adult-thriller-miss-lovely-finally-granted-a-certificate/ |title=Adult thriller 'Miss Lovely' finally granted 'A' certificate – Free Press Journal |publisher=Freepressjournal.in |access-date=24 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229062004/http://freepressjournal.in/adult-thriller-miss-lovely-finally-granted-a-certificate/ |archive-date=29 December 2013 }}</ref>

==Reception==
Initial reviews to ''Miss Lovely'' at Cannes were contradictory. Expecting a more mainstream film, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' noted that "Miss Lovely sets out to prove that Indian cinema can be as frustratingly opaque as a European art movie [and] succeeds rather too well."<ref name=ho>{{cite news| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/miss-lovely-review-cannes-329647 | work=The Hollywood Reporter | first=Stephen | last=Dalton | title=Miss Lovely: Cannes Review | date=25 May 2012}}</ref>

In complete contrast, [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'s Alissa Simon gave the film a glowing review, saying "Something new in Indian filmmaking, neither Bollywood nor traditional art cinema, the pic provides a unique, immersive experience...one that owes as much to docu and experimental filmmakers as to Scorsese, Welles and von Sternberg, plunging viewers into the characters' social milieu."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117947654?refcatid=31 | work=Variety | first=Alissa | last=Simon | title=Miss Lovely | date=26 May 2012}}</ref>

[[Sight & Sound]]'s Jonathan Romney described the director [[Ashim Ahluwalia]] as "a very impressive talent, and given the oppressive conventions of the Indian film industry, he’s clearly an independent spirit and then some."

[[Film Comment]]'s Gavin Smith felt that the film was the strongest in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section writing "I hope we do hear more from Indian director Ashim Ahluwalia, whose lively, fast-and-loose Miss Lovely, about two brothers toiling in the world of Bollywood B-movie and softcore porn production in the Eighties, had an off-kilter, at times delirious first hour and then settled into a pungent story of jealousy, betrayal, and doomed love."<ref>{{cite web|author=Film Society of Lincoln Center |url=http://www.filmcomment.com/article/festivals-cannes-2012-gavin-smith |title=Festivals: Cannes 2012 | Film Comment | Film Society of Lincoln Center |publisher=Film Comment |access-date=20 October 2012}}</ref>

[[Libertas Film Magazine]]'s Joe Bendel noted, "This is clearly a milieu Ahluwalia fully understands. Straddling genres, he toys with crime story elements, but essentially tells a Cain and Abel tale, skewering India’s celebrity-obsessed culture and sexual mores along the way. Stylistically, he spans the gamut from trippily disorienting to in-your-face naturalism. This is kitchen-sink filmmaking at its most relentlessly indie. Part expose and part fall-from-grace epic, Miss Lovely is highly recommended for those who simply love films about filmmaking."<ref>Libertas Film Magazine [http://www.libertasfilmmagazine.com/lfm-reviews-sffss-artist-in-residence-ashim-ahluwalias-miss-lovely/ Artist In Residence Aashim Ahluwalia's Miss Lovely]</ref>

[[Le Monde]]'s [[Jacques Mandelbaum]] wrote, "Miss Lovely (is) a splendid film that invites admiration. Through this tragic story set between 1986 and 1993, Ahluwalia films the changing of an era... His direction, full of archival period films, beautifully uses the art of editing, color and off-screen space. One feels a real affection for this admittedly sordid universe, but with a magnificence that the conversion of India to the market economy will simply wipe out."

[[Another Magazine]]'s Simon Jablonski reviewed the film, saying "Among all that glitters at Cannes Film Festival, there was little quite as visually spectacular as Miss Lovely, directed by Ashim Ahluwalia. In the midst of India’s moralistic and conservative codes of censorship, Miss Lovely dived into the world of the secret sex and horror C-movie scene of 80s Bombay. Constantly moving and switching between genre pieces – a gangster flick then a love story then an art house film. Stylistically it’s reminiscent of 90s Chinese cinema such as ''Chungking Express'' than anything you’d associate with the Bollywood tradition while the wonderfully extravagant costumes and sets call to mind Rainer Fassbinder’s ''The Bitter Tears Of Petra von Kant''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anothermag.com/current/view/1974/Miss_Lovely_Cannes_Film_Festival |title=Culture Talks – Miss Lovely, Cannes Film Festival | AnOther |date=25 May 2012 |publisher=Anothermag.com |access-date=20 October 2012}}</ref>

Indian film critic Nandini Ramnath described the film in Mint as "a universe of retro pleasures and pain, atmospheric interiors and decaying exteriors, marginal characters and forbidden dreams… The story follows, but often wanders away from, Sonu’s fallout with his brother, his attempts to go solo and his love for Pinky. Amid a hypnotic interplay of colours, tones and textures that has been shot by cinematographer Mohanan, we see Mumbai like it’s rarely been seen before… This is pre-globalized Mumbai at its most evocative and perilous. If you feel uneasy while watching the film, you’re meant to."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3kJ4gA3aNml9yrqjLyxwBI/The-really-dirty-picture.html | work=Mint | first=Nandini | last=Ramnath | title=The Really Dirty Picture | date=12 November 2012}}</ref>

[[The New York Times]]'s Joan Dupont profiled Miss Lovely and the director [[Ashim Ahluwalia]] in a piece titled "Mumbai in the Bad Old Days"<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/arts/26iht-dupont26.html | work=The New York Times | first=Joan | last=Dupont | title=Mumbai in the Bad Old Days | date=25 May 2012}}</ref>

Miss Lovely has won multiple awards including Best Film in the "India Gold" category at the 14th [[Mumbai Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/miss-lovely-wins-best-film-award-at-mumbai-film-festival/302292-8-66.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028193506/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/miss-lovely-wins-best-film-award-at-mumbai-film-festival/302292-8-66.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-10-28 |title= IBN Live}}</ref> and Best Feature Film Award at the 11th [[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/miss-lovely-beyond-all-boundaries-439394 |title= The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature film)]] (director) – Ashim Ahluwalia
*[[National Film Award for Best Production Design]] – Ashim Ahluwalia, Tabasheer Zutshi and Parichit Paralkar

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.miss-lovely.com/ Official website]
* {{IMDb title|1629715}}

{{National Film Award Special Jury Award feature film}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miss Lovely}}
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 drama films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films about films]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian neo-noir films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian docudrama films]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Films about pornography]]
[[Category:Pornography in India]]
[[Category:Indian erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Films set in 1986]]
[[Category:Films set in 1993]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]

All India Bar Examination

2026-02-27T10:34:44Z

BabulHossainjoy: created a article...

{{Short description|Indian bar examination}}
{{Infobox examination
| name = All India Bar Examination
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| acronym =
| type = [[Bar examination]], [[Objective test|objective]], [[Open book test|open book]]
| test_admin = [[Bar Council of India]]
| skills_tested = [[Law of India]]
| purpose = [[Admission to the bar]]
| year_started = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2012}}
| year_terminated = 
| duration = 3 hours
| score_range =
| offered = Annually
| attempt_restriction = No limits
| regions = India
| language = 12, including [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]] and other regional languages
| test_takers =
| prerequisite = [[Bachelor of Laws]] and State Bar Council enrollment
| fee = {{INR|3,500}} ([[general caste|general]])
| score_users =
| qualification_rate =
| website =
{{URL|allindiabarexamination.com}}
}}

'''All India Bar Examination''' ('''AIBE''') is a [[bar examination]] conducted by [[Bar Council of India]] for law graduates for [[admission to practice law]]. The candidate is awarded a certificate of practice after clearing the examination and is eligible to practice in any [[Judiciary of India|court in India]]. The exam is conducted in 53 cities of India in national and regional languages.

== Objective ==

All India Bar Examination (AIBE) is a [[Professional certification|certification exam]] conducted once a year by the [[Bar Council of India]] for law graduates willing to start [[Practice of law|practice as a lawyer]].<ref name="aibe ref8">{{cite news|last1=Chaudhuri|first1=Aveek Pal|title=All India Bar Examination (AIBE) - Eligibility, Important Dates and Exam Guidelines|url=https://www.thehighereducationreview.com/editors-column/all-india-bar-examination-aibe-eligibility-important-dates-and-exam-guidelines--nid-1299.html|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[The Higher Education Review]]|archive-date=11 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211222100/https://www.thehighereducationreview.com/editors-column/all-india-bar-examination-aibe-eligibility-important-dates-and-exam-guidelines--nid-1299.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aibe ref4">{{cite news |last1=Banchariya|first1=Sheetal|title=BCI’s rule relaxation likely to make qualifying All India Bar Exam easier|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/bcis-relaxation-likely-to-make-qualifying-aibe-xvi-easier-quality-question-paper-only-way-to-filter-out-undeserving-candidates-7595945/|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="aibe ref10">{{cite news |title=The India bar exam a regulators rocky road|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Z9HH7jg4q8Any5PILN9FfP/The-India-bar-exam-a-regulators-rocky-road.html|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|mint]]|date=27 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="aibe ref2">{{cite news |title=BCI to Announce All India Bar Examination Result in February First Week|url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/bci-to-announce-all-india-bar-examination-result-in-february-first-week-aibe-16-allindiabarexamination-com-4674689.html|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[News18]]|date=20 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="aibe ref1">{{cite news |last1=Hazarika|first1=Tanzim|title=AIBE Overview|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/exams/aibe|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Jagran Josh]]|date=7 September 2021}}</ref> The exam is conducted in 53 cities in 261 centres as an [[Open book test|open book exam]].<ref name="aibe ref11">{{cite news |title=BCI releases dates for All India Bar Exams|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/aibe-bar-council-of-india-bar-examination-220795|publisher=livelaw.in|date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="aibe ref5">{{cite news |title=AIBE XVI exam to be held on Oct 31: Important notice released for AIBE XVI aspirants|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/notification/story/aibe-xvi-exam-to-be-held-on-oct-31-important-notice-released-for-aibe-xvi-aspirants-1868900-2021-10-25|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=25 October 2021}}</ref> It is conducted to assess basic [[Legal education in India|legal knowledge]] and lay down a minimum benchmark for entering into practice of law in addition to assessing a candidate's [[Analytical skill|analytical skills]].<ref name="aibe ref7">{{cite news |title=AIBE XVI admit cards released, direct link to download hall tickets|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/competitive-exams/aibe-xvi-admit-cards-released-direct-link-to-download-hall-tickets-101633950303732.html|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=11 October 2021}}</ref> After clearing the AIBEd a certificate of practice by Bar Council of India.<ref name="aibe ref5" /> Qualified member in the exam can attend [[Hearing (law)|court hearings]] in any tribunal, court or administrative bodies.<ref name="aibe ref6">{{cite news |last1=Jaiswal|first1=Sakshi|title=Set the ‘Bar’ high|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/how-best-to-prepare-for-the-aibe-scheduled-for-october-31/article36891791.ece|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 October 2021}}</ref> The exam is [[Multiple choice|multi-choice]] and is conducted offline for a 3 hour duration.

== Eligibility ==

AIBE carries these eligibility requirements:<ref name="aibe ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AIBE eligibility criteria 2026|url=https://law.careers360.com/articles/aibe-eligibility-criteria|website=careers360.com}}</ref>

* Members should hold a law degree (3-Year/5-Year) from a recognised institute of law approved by the Bar Council of India and be enrolled in a State Bar Council.
* No upper age limit for appearing in the exam.
* In 2024, the [[Supreme Court of India]] allowed final-year law students to appear AIBE.

== Procedure ==

The AIBE follows this procedure:<ref name="aibe ref1" />

* All India Bar Examination registration.<ref name="aibe ref9">{{cite news |title=Next All India Bar Examination to be held on October 24|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/next-all-india-bar-examination-to-be-held-on-october-24-says-bci/articleshow/85422956.cms|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
* Examination.
* Provisional answer key release.<ref name="aibe ref3">{{cite news |title=AIBE 16 answer key likely to be released today: Here's how to download|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/aibe-16-answer-key-likely-to-be-released-today-here-s-how-to-download-11636095842959.html|access-date=21 January 2022|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|mint]]|date=5 November 2021}}</ref>
* Any discrepancies in the provisional answer key can be challenged before the assigned last date.
* Announcement of results by the Bar Council of India.<ref name="aibe ref2" />

== Languages ==
All India Bar Examination is conducted in [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Odia language|Oriya]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] languages.

== See also ==
*[[Legal education in India]]
*[[Law of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official}}


[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers| ]]
[[Category:Examinations in India]]
[[Category:Bar examinations]]
[[Category:Legal profession exams]]
[[Category:Standardized tests for legal education]]
[[Category:Occupational screening and assessment tools]]
[[Category:Law schools in India]]
[[Category:Practice of law]]
[[Category:Professional certification in law]]
[[Category:Legal education in India]]
[[Category:2012 introductions]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in India]]

Gopalpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-02-21T20:45:11Z

BabulHossainjoy: creating a article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituencies in other states|Gopalpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Gopalpur, Odisha Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gopalpur
| constituency_no = 344
| map_image = 344-Gopalpur, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Nafees Ahmad]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}
'''Gopalpur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Gopalpur in the [[Azamgarh district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Gopalpur is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 344 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref name="election2022">{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24344.htm?ac=344|title=Uttar Pradesh 2022 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Nafees Ahmad]]
|votes = {{formatnum:84401}}
|percentage = 40.87
|change = +3.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Satyendra Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:60094}}
|percentage = 29.1
|change = -0.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chand Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:45211}}
|percentage = 21.89
|change = -6.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Abdula
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = {{formatnum:8163}}
|percentage = 3.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Yogendra Yadav
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2201}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1471}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change = -0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:24307}}
|percentage = 11.77
|change = +3.86
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:206518}}
|percentage = 58.94
|change = +2.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Gopalpur<ref name="election2017">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Uttar Pradesh 2017 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Nafees Ahmad]]
|votes = {{formatnum:70980}}
|percentage = 37.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shrikrishna Pal
|votes = {{formatnum:56020}}
|percentage = 29.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamla Prasad Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:54271}}
|percentage = 28.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Imteyaz Beg
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:2351}}
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1521}}
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14960}}
|percentage = 7.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:189300}}
|percentage = 56.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!Scope=col|#
!scope=col|Term
!scope=col|Member of Legislative Assembly
!scope=col|Party
!scope=col|From
!scope=col|To
!scope=col|Days
!scope=col|Comment
|-
| 01|| [[2nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|2nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Mukti Nath Rai || [[Indian National Congress]] ||April 1957|| March 1962||1,800||
|-
| 02|| [[3rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|3rd Vidhan Sabha]] ||Uma Shanker || [[Praja Socialist Party]]|| March 1962|| March 1967 ||1,828 ||
|-
| 03|| [[4th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|4th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Mukti Nath Rai || [[Indian National Congress]]|| March 1967|| April 1968 ||402 || <ref name="1967 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04|| [[5th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|5th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Dal Singar||[[Samyukta Socialist Party]] || February 1969 ||March 1974 || 1,832||<ref name="1969 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05|| [[6th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|6th Vidhan Sabha]] ||rowspan="2"|Ram Adhar||[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]|| March 1974 ||April 1977 || 1,153||<ref name="1974 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06|| [[7th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|7th Vidhan Sabha]] ||[[Janata Party]] || June 1977 ||February 1980 || 969||<ref name="1977 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07|| [[8th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|8th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Dal Singar|| [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] || June 1980 ||March 1985 ||1,735||<ref name="1980 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08|| [[9th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|9th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Qazu Kalimur Rahman|| ICJ || March 1985 ||November 1989 || 1,725||<ref name="1985 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09|| [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Gomti Yadav|| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] ||December 1989 ||April 1991 ||488||<ref name="1989 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10|| [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]]||Dal Singar|| [[Janata Dal]]|| June 1991 ||December 1992 ||533||<ref name="1991 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11|| [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]]||Irshad|| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||December 1993 ||October 1995 ||693||<ref name="1993 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12|| [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2"|Wasim Ahmad||rowspan="2"|[[Samajwadi Party]] || October 1996 ||March 2002 || 1,967||<ref name="1996 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13|| [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] ||February 2002 ||May 2007 || 1,902||<ref name="2002 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14|| [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Shyam Narayan|| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May 2007 ||March 2012 ||1,736||<ref name="2007 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15|| [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] ||[[Waseem Ahmad]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=February 2026}}||rowspan="2"|[[Samajwadi Party]]|| March 2012 ||March 2017 || 1,829||<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16|| [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]]||[[Nafees Ahmad]]|| March 2017 ||Incumbent ||{{age in days|2017|03|19}}||<ref name="election2017-1">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/10.Detailed%20Results.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh 2017 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{coord|26.04|80.64|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Azamgarh district]]

Channappetta

2026-02-14T00:42:43Z

BabulHossainjoy: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Channappetta
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name = Pulikootil muku
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|53|0|N|76|57|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8518
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 691311
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0475
| registration_plate = KL-2
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Anchal
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|adjestable since the place located with forest]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Channappetta ''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archivedate=2008-12-08 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Channappetta had a population of 8,518 with 3,946 males and 4,572 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Channappetta Village Population - Pathanapuram - Kollam, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628403-channappetta-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Kollam district}}
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]

{{Kollam-geo-stub}}

Robert (choreographer)

2026-02-13T06:05:52Z

BabulHossainjoy: started new article...

{{short description|Indian choreographer and actor (born 1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{infobox person
| name = Robert
| image =
| image size =
| alt =
| caption = Robert in 2011
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|01|26}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| death_date =
| years_active = 1990–present
| other_names = Robert Master
| occupation = {{Hlist | [[Choreographer]]|[[Film director]]|[[Film producer]]|[[Actor]]}}
| children =
| partner =
}}
'''Robert Raj''' (born 26 January 1981) is an Indian choreographer and actor who has worked in India's several regional film industries. He has also appeared as an actor, often portraying villainous roles or by making cameo appearances in songs he has choreographed.

==Career==
Robert began his career as a child artiste, notably playing Mammooty's son in ''[[Azhagan]]'' (1991). Robert then featured as a villain in films, with major acting roles in [[Sathyaraj]]'s ''[[Maaran (2002 film)|Maaran]]'' (2002) and the 2004 film ''Dancer'', which told the story of a disabled student making it successful as a dancer. Portraying the antagonist, Robert won critical acclaim for his portrayal and secured the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]] later that year. In the period, he also featured in ''Pavalakodi'' (2003), with reviewers criticizing his performance.

Robert won the [[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer]] for his work in ''[[Podaa Podi]]'' (2012), in which he also made a cameo appearance in the video of "Love Panlamma?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-13/news-interviews/39227707_1_chevalier-sivaji-award-best-film-vijay-awards|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616080033/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-13/news-interviews/39227707_1_chevalier-sivaji-award-best-film-vijay-awards|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-16|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=News: India News, Latest Bollywood News, Sports News, Business & Political News, National & International News}}</ref>

Prior to the release of the film ''[[Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva]]'' (2017), actor [[Tinku (actor)|Tinku]] released a video alleging that composer [[Amresh Ganesh]] had stolen a song titled "Hara Hara Mahadevaki" from a film that he and Robert were making titled ''Thaathaa Car-ai Thodadhae''. Tinku alleged that Amresh had worked together with them to create the song during early 2015, but production troubles had shelved the film and subsequently Amresh had taken the song to a different project. In a press meet in February 2017, Amresh Ganesh refuted the claims and provided evidence of Tinku and Robert continuously trying to scam him by gathering funds for the shelved project. Amresh stated that he had developed the song free of cost and had paid for the duo to take part in a failed shoot of the song in [[Bangkok]], before the film was stalled. Moreover, Amresh revealed that Robert had owned up to playing the song to music composer [[Srikanth Deva]], and had attempted to include it in another shelved film titled ''Minor Kunju Kaanom'' which Tinku, Robert and Srikanth Deva were involved in.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/030217/amresh-ganesh-clears-the-air-on-msks-controversy.html|title=Amresh Ganesh clears the air on MSKS controversy|date=3 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Robert's elder sister [[Alphonsa (actress)|Alphonsa]], has also appeared in Tamil films.

==Filmography==
=== As an actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%" cellpadding="5"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Azhagan]]'' || Azhagappan's son || Child artist
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Maaran (2002 film)|Maaran]]'' || Shivadas ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Pavalakkodi (2003 film)|Pavalakkodi]]'' || Robert ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Jai (2004 Tamil film)|Jai]]'' || Mohan ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Dancer (2004 film)|Dancer]]'' || Arun || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]]
|-
|2007||''[[Veduka]]''|| || Telugu film
|-
| 2014 || ''[[MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal]]'' || Battu || Also director
|-
|2018 || ''[[Ondikku Ondi]]'' || Joe ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''Alti'' || ||
|-
|''[[Mugilan]]''|| Saravanan || Web series released on [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Striker (2023 film)|Striker]]'' || ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Never Escape]]'' || Theatre Owner ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Mrs & Mr]]'' || Arun ||
|}

=== As a dancer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%" cellpadding="5"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Song(s)
! style="background:#B0C4DE;"| Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |1996 ||''[[Tamizh Selvan]]'' || "Rajasthanu" "Unnal Mudiyum"
|
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' || "Kalloori Saalai"
|
|-
|''[[Mannava (film)|Mannava]]'' || "Yamma Yamma"
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1997 || ''[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]'' || "Anjam Number"
|
|-
| ''[[Sakthi (1997 film)|Sakthi]]'' ||"Maana Madurai Ponnu"
|
|-
| ''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]'' || "Ennachi Thangachi"
|
|-
| ''[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]'' || "Enna Azhagu"
|
|-
| ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'' || "Ooty Malai Beauty"
|
|-
| ''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]'' || "Babelona Thirachai Palam Pola"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998 || ''[[Jolly (film)|Jolly]]'' || "Sema Jolly"
|
|-
| ''[[Unnudan]]'' || "Paalaru Ithu Pathinaaru"
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1999 ||''[[Kannodu Kanbathellam]]'' || "Iruvathu Vayathu Varai"
|
|-
|''[[Niram]]'' || "Minnithennum Nakshathrangal"
|
|-
| ''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Usthad]]''|| "Chil Chil Chil Chilamboli"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2000 ||''[[Priyamaanavale]]'' || "Welcome Boys"
|
|-
||''[[Narasimham (film)|Narasimham]]'' || "Pazhanimalai"||Malayalam film
|-
|''[[Yuvakudu]]'' ||"Jagada Jagada"||Telugu film
|-
|2002
|''[[Virumbugiren]]''||"Enga Ooru Sandhaiyile"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004
|| ''[[Kuthu]]'' || "Pothuthaakku"
|
|-
|| ''[[Kadhal Dot Com]]''|| "Pachathanni"
|
|-
|''[[Leela Mahal Center]]''|| "Balamanemo"
| Telugu film
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Varalaru]]''|| "Ilamai"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007 || ''[[Aarya (film)|Aarya]]''|| "Chile Chile"
|
|-
| ''[[Piragu]]''|| "Pathinoru Peru Aatam"
|
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Silambattam (film)|Silambaattam]]''|| "Nalamdhana"
|
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Sura (film)|Sura]]''|| "Naan Nadanthal Athiradi"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011 || ''[[Kandaen]]''|| "Narmada"
|
|-
|''[[Osthe]]''|| "Neduvaali"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Nanda Nanditha (2012 film)|Nanda Nanditha]]''|| "Salam Namasthey"
|
|-
|''[[Podaa Podi]]''|| "Love Panlama"
| [[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013 || ''[[Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya]]''|| "Aasaiye Alai Poley"
|
|-
|| ''[[Moondru Per Moondru Kadal]]''|| "Padapadakkudhu Maname"
|
|-
|| ''[[Vanakkam Chennai]]''|| "Chennai City Gangster"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014 || ''[[Ner Ethir]]''||
|
|-
|| ''Angusam'' || "Vaa Maapilae"
|
|-
|| ''[[Aindhaam Thalaimurai Sidha Vaidhiya Sigamani]]''|| "Onnuna Rendu"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 || ''[[Moone Moonu Varthai]]'' || "Ketta News"
|
|-
| ''[[Moodu Mukkallo Cheppalante]]'' || "Newse Mose"
| Telugu film
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]''|| "Ratham En Ratham"
|
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]''|| "Vaadi Vaadi"
|
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]''|| "Red Cardu"
|
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Show !! class="unsortable" |Role !! class="unsortable" |Channel !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| rowspan="1"|2022 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)]]'' || Contestant || [[Star Vijay]] ||Evicted Day 49
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert}}
[[Category:Indian film choreographers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:1981 births]]

Shefali Sharma

2026-02-11T07:21:37Z

BabulHossainjoy: created a bio initial version - done

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1991)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shefali Sharma
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|12|28|df=yes}}<ref name =":1" />
| birth_place = [[Amritsar, Punjab]]
| occupation = Actress
| known for = {{ubl|''[[Bani – Ishq Da Kalma]]''|''[[Tum Aise Hi Rehna]]''|''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)|Tere Bin]]''|''[[Sanjog (TV series)|Sanjog]]''}}
| years_active = 2013–2019; 2022
| spouse = {{marriage|''Varun Sethi''|2014}}
}}

'''Shefali Sharma''' is an Indian actress who mainly works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television and [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films. She made her acting debut in 2013 and is best known for her portrayal of Bani Bhullar in ''[[Bani – Ishq Da Kalma]]'', Dr. Riya Agarwal Maheshwari in ''[[Tum Aise Hi Rehna]]'' and Amrita Agarwal Kothari in ''[[Sanjog (TV series)|Sanjog]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.com/shefali-sharma/biography-50005293.html |title=Shefali Sharma Biography, Shefali Sharma Bio, Shefali Sharma Photos, Videos, Wallpapers, News |website=www.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501041315/http://www.in.com/shefali-sharma/biography-50005293.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sharma made her film debut with the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film ''[[Sooran (film)|Sooran]]'' (2014) and Punjabi film debut with ''[[Toofan Singh (2017 film)|Toofan Singh]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out all the TV celebs who got married secretly|work=Times Of India|date=27 December 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv-celebs-who-got-married-secretly/shefali-sharma-and-vikas-sethi/photostory/62267392.cms}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sharma was born on 28 December 1991<ref name =":1">{{Cite news|title=Varun Sethi's surprise for Shefali Sharma on her birthday; see pics|work=Times Of India|date=2 January 2015 |access-date=28 December 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varun-sethis-surprise-for-shefali-on-her-birthday/articleshow/45716366.cms}}</ref> in [[Amritsar]], in a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love for mother tongue drives TV actress Shefali Sharma to Pollywood|date=28 December 2019|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/3-including-bank-employee-held-for-betting-on-ipl-s-final-match-18233|work=Tribune India}}</ref> Sharma married her boyfriend Varun Sethi in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shefali Sharma says life is same after marriage with Varun Sethi|date=8 November 2014|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shefali-sharma-says-life-is-same-after-marriage-690414/amp/1|work=NDTV}}</ref>

==Career==
Sharma made her acting debut in 2013 with ''[[Bani – Ishq Da Kalma]]'' portraying Bani Parmeet Singh Bhullar/Maya Malhotra opposite Gaurav Chaudhary.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Bani - Ishq Da Kalma' uses real incidents of abandoned wives|access-date=20 June 2019|work=Times Of India|date=30 June 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bani-ishq-da-kalma-uses-real-incidents-of-abandoned-wives/articleshow/20841576.cms}}</ref>

In 2014, she made her film debut with the Tamil film, ''[[Sooran (film)|Sooran]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?release=release2009 |title=Karan, Anumol and Shefali Sharma ready with Sooran|work=Tamilnadu Entertainment|access-date=11 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226114848/http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?release=release2009 |archive-date=26 December 2013 }}</ref> From 2014 to 2015, she portrayed Dr. Riya Agarwal / Dr. Riya Abhimanyu Maheshwari in ''[[Tum Aise Hi Rehna]]'' opposite [[Kinshuk Mahajan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Tum-Aise-Hi-Rehna-Kinkshuk-Mahajan-and-Shefali-Sharma-in-lead-roles/articleshow/45043787.cms|title=Tum Aise Hi Rehna: Kinkshuk Mahajan and Shefali Sharma to play the lead roles|work=Times Of India|date=4 December 2014 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

She played Laalima Agarwal in ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' from 2015 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shefali Sharma in Diya Aur Baati Hum: Laalima is calm and positive|date=8 August 2015|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/150807/entertainment-tvmusic/article/%25E2%2580%2598laalima-calm-and-positive%25E2%2580%2599#lnspr=W10=|work=Deccan Chronicle}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In 2016, she portrayed Vijaya Akshay Sinha opposite [[Gaurav Khanna]] in ''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)|Tere Bin]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starworldnews.co/gaurav-khanna-shefali-sharma-and-khushboo-tawde-at-the-launch-of-tere-bin/|title=Gaurav Khanna, Shefali Sharma and Khushboo Tawde at the launch of Tere Bin|last=Bachchan|first=Amit|date=2016-07-09|website=Star World News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref>

Sharma made her Punjabi film debut with ''[[Toofan Singh (2017 film)|Toofan Singh]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prasoon-joshi-bans-toofan-singh-heres-all-you-need-know-about-controversial-punjabi-movie-739564|title=Prasoon Joshi bans Toofan Singh: Here's all you need to know about the controversial Punjabi movie|first=Dishya|last=Sharma|date=24 August 2017|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref> She then made her Telugu film debut in 2018 with ''Babala Bagotham''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/babala-bagotham/movieshow/62997611.cms|date=20 February 2018|access-date=20 June 2021|title=Babala Bagotham Movie Details- Times Of India|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

In 2019, she appeared in the Telugu film ''Subhodayam'' and the Punjabi film ''Tu Mera Ki Lagda''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Punjabi film Tu Mera Ki Lagda: Official Trailer|work=Times Of India|date=29 November 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/punjabi/tu-mera-ki-lagda-official-trailer/videoshow/72290302.cms}}</ref>

Sharma made her TV comeback after 6 years with ''[[Sanjog (TV series)|Sanjog]]'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Shefali Sharma returns to TV after six years with Sanjog|work=Times Of India|date=7 July 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shefali-sharma-returns-to-tv-after-six-years-with-sanjog/articleshow/92719478.cms}}</ref> She portrayed Amrita Rajeev Kothari opposite [[Rajneesh Duggal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/shefali-sharma-shoots-for-her-upcoming-show-sanjog/videoshow/92917713.cms|title=Shefali Sharma shoots for her upcoming show Sanjog | TV - Times of India Videos|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2014
|''[[Sooran (film)|Sooran]]''
|{{unknown}}
|[[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|author=Nikhil Raghavan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/itsybitsy-getting-real/article859361.ece |title=Itsy-bitsy - Getting real |publisher=Thehindu.com |date=2010-10-30 |access-date=2015-04-01}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Toofan Singh (2017 film)|Toofan Singh]]''
|Sukhjeet Kaur
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/censor-board-refuses-to-clear-movie-on-khalistani-militant/story-wd67GQ61jAXwNrSMztDH8M.html|title=Censor board refuses to clear movie on Khalistani militant|date=13 July 2017|website=hindustantimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''Babala Bagotham''
|{{unknown}}
|[[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|''Subhodayam''
|{{unknown}}
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Tu Mera Ki Lagda''
|Sarbi
|Punjabi
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Bani – Ishq Da Kalma]]''
| Bani Parmeet Singh Bhullar / Maya Malhotra
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/videos/bani-ishq-da-kalma/bani-full-episode-317-june-20th-2014-62784.html|title=Bani – Ishq Da Kalma episodes|publisher=Bani – Ishq Da Kalma|date=20 June 2014|access-date=15 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''[[Tum Aise Hi Rehna]]''
| Dr. Riya Agarwal Maheshwari
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/actress-shefali-to-flaunt-mandira-bedis-designer-saris-in-tv-show-tum-aise-hi-rehna/lite/|title=Shefali Sharma to flaunt Mandira Bedi's designer saris in TV show 'Tum Aise Hi Rehna'|website=Indian Express|language=en|date=31 December 2014|access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| Lalima Agarwal
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)|Tere Bin]]''
| Vijaya Akshay Sinha
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/gaurav-khanna-and-shefali-sharmas-lunchbox-diaries/17500178|title=Gaurav Khanna and Shefali Sharma's 'lunchbox' diaries|date=2016-08-05|website=Mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Sanjog (TV series)|Sanjog]]''
| Amrita "Amu" Agarwal Kothari
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/shefali-sharma-kamya-punjabi-to-portray-two-distinct-mothers-in-upcoming-show-sanjog-1975348-2022-07-14|title=Shefali Sharma, Kamya Punjabi to portray two distinct mothers in upcoming show Sanjog|first1=Grace|last1= Cyril|date=14 July 2022|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref(s)
|-
|2022
|Zee rishtey awards
|Best Maa( mother)
|Sanjog
|Won
|
|-
|2013
|[[Colors TV|Colors Golden Petal Awards]]
|Best Debut (Female)
|''[[Bani - Ishq Da Kalma]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Golden Petal Award 2013 Full Episode and Winners - Colors TV|url=https://www.colorstv.com/videos/golden-petal-award-2013-full-episode/&ved=2ahUKEwjJl43GnfD4AhVN9DgGHb43Dx8QFnoECBoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3LiKEfCoXEuh71FaqpRqfY|date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8432323}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Television|Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Shefali}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1987 births]]

Puthussery Ramachandran

2026-02-10T02:39:02Z

BabulHossainjoy: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian poet (1928–2020)}}
{{More citations needed|date= April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Puthussery Ramachandran Pillai
| image = Puthussery Ramachandran.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1928|9|23}}
| birth_place = [[Mavelikkara]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|3|14|1928|9|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Poet, professor
| title =
| notable_works = ''Grameena Gayakan, Aavunnathra Uchchathil, Puthiyakollanum Puthiyoralayum, Utsavabali, Kannassa Ramayanam, Keralcharitrathinte Adisthanarekhakal''
| spouse =
}}

'''Puthussery Ramachandran Pillai''' (23 September 1928 – 14 March 2020) was an Indian poet of the [[Malayalam]] language. He was a scholar of [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian linguistics]] and a professor of Malayalam for more than three decades. On 14 March 2020, he died of age-related illnesses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/mar/14/veteran-poet-and-malayalam-scholar-puthussery-ramachandran-passes-away-at-91-2116730.html|title=Veteran poet and Malayalam scholar Puthussery Ramachandran passes away at 91|website=The New Indian Express|date=14 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2020/03/14/puthussery-ramachandran-passed-away.html|title=Puthusssery-ramachandran died|website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Poet Puthusssery Ramachandran, who fought for freedom and Malayalam, passes away |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/14/poet-puthusssery-ramachandran-dies.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315142715/https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/14/poet-puthusssery-ramachandran-dies.html |archive-date=2020-03-15 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

== Career ==

Ramachandran completed his B.A (Honors) with first rank from the University College, Trivandrum in 1956. He joined S.N. College, Kollam as lecturer in 1957 and later became the Professor in Malayalam. Ramachandran was a member of the Syndicate of the [[University of Kerala]] and was the General Secretary of First World Conference on Malayalam language and Kerala Culture organised by the University of Kerala in 1977. He was the Organizing Secretary of the First All India Conference on Dravidian Linguistics in 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijdl.org/Html/Confrence.htm|title=All India Conference on Dravidian Linguistics|work=Dravidian Linguistics Association}}</ref>

==Poetry==

Ramachandran's literary efforts were recognised by the [[Sahitya Akademi]], who gave him their national award for translation. In 2009 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] conferred him with a fellowship, the most distinguished honour of the Academy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |url=http://keralaculture.org/distinguised-fellows/616 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123162243/http://keralaculture.org/distinguised-fellows/616 |archive-date=2020-01-23 |work=Kerala Culture}}</ref> He did much to promote Malayalam language and literature.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Malayalam going classical? Literary Survey |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/MLS/MLS%20April%20-%20Sep%20final.pdf#page=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019055236/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/MLS/MLS%20April%20-%20Sep%20final.pdf#page=8 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |work=Kdrala Sahitya Akademi}}</ref> On the basis of the document prepared and submitted by [[Government of Kerala]] with his guidance and leadership, Malayalam was recognised as a classical language by the [[Government of India]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/100516/puthussery-helped-malayalam-get-classical-language-tag-prabha-varma.html|title=Puthussery helped Malayalam get classical language tag: Prabha Varma|date=10 May 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

In recognition of his contributions to the studies on Early and Medieval Malayalam language and literature, the [[Sahitya Akademi]] selected him for the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Bhasha Samman]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 March 2014 |title=Bhasha Samman 2014 Press release |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/pdf/Press%20Release%20(English)_BS.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902195248/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/pdf/Press%20Release%20(English)_BS.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-02 |work=Sahitya Akademi}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Unreferenced section|date= April 2022}}
The following is a list of his works:

===Poetry===
* ''Ente Swathantryasamara Kavithakal'' (Poems written for India's Freedom Struggle), 1948 (Reprint 1998)
* ''Grameena Gayakan'' (1948)
* ''Aavunnathra Uchchathil'' (1954)
* ''Puthiyakollanum Puthiyoralayum'' (1960)
* ''Sakthipooja'' (1965)
* ''Akalumthorum'' (1970)
* ''Agnaye Swaha'' (1988)
* ''Puthusseri Ramachandrante Kavithakal'' (Selected Poems) (1988)
* ''Utsavabali'' (1998)
* ''Ee Veettil Aarumille'' (2003)
* ''Puthusserikkavithakal'' (Complete poetical works) (2008)

===Prose===
* ''Kerala Charithrathinte Adisthana Reghakal'' (Historical records of Kerala) (2007)
* ''Ee Mannil Evarodoppam'' (Memoirs) (2011)
* ''Theranjedutha Prabhandangal'' (Selected Essays) (2012)
* ''Thilacha Mannil Kalnadayayi'' (Autobiography) (2017)

===Translations===
* ''Media'' (Greek Tragedy by [[Euripides]]) (1965)
* ''African Kavithakal'' (33 poems from 13 African Countries) (1989)
* ''Charamageetham'' ([[Anna Akhmatova]]'s poems in Russian) (1989)
* ''[[Kulashekhara Alwar]]ude Perumal Tirumozhi'' (Early Tamil Poem) (2001)
* ''Puthusseriyude Vivarthanangal'' (2008)
* ''Russian African Kavithakal'' (2012)

===Critical Editions===
* ''Kannassa Ramayanam (Balakandam)'' (1967)
* ''Kannassa Ramayanam (Yudhakandam)'' (Published for the first time based on a manuscript of AD 1519) (1971)
* ''Pracheena Malayalam'' (Collection Inscriptions) (1978)
* ''Kannassa Ramayanam (Sundarakandam)'' (1980)
* ''Kannassa Ramayanam (Kishkindakandam)'' (1984)
* ''Kerala Panineeya Vimarsam'' (Collection of critical essays with introduction) (1986)
* ''Kerala Panineeyam'' (Reprint of the first edition of Malayalam grammar with critical introduction) (1989)
* ''Bhasha Bhagavath Gita'' (Complete text with critical edition and commentary) (2002)
* ''Kannassa Ramayanam'' (Complete text with critical edition and commentary) (2013)

===Festschrift on Dr. Puthusseri Ramachandran===
* ''Kavitha Kaalathinte Sakshi'' (1998)
* ''Studies in Dravidian Place Names'' (1993)

===Works in English===
* ''Language of Middle Malayalam'' (1972)
* ''Perspectives in Place Name Studies'' (Editor) (1987)
* ''Studies in Dravidian Place Names'' (Editor) (1989)
* ''Ellis on Malayalam Language'' (2003)

===Works Translated===
* ''Puthusseri ki Kavitha'' (Hindi) (2001)
His poems were translated into Hindi, English and Tamil published in various journals.

==Awards==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Bhasha Samman]], [[Sahitya Akademi]] (2014){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]], Sahitya Akademi (2004){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* Fellowship, [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] (2009){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]] (1999){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]] (Poetry) (2005)<ref>{{cite web |title=അബുദാബി ശക്തി അവാര്‍ഡുകള്‍ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു |publisher=Oneindia.in |date= 9 May 2006 |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/news/2006/050906sakti-award.html?story=1 |access-date=4 January 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]] (Other category literature) (2018) - ''Thilacha Mannil Kalnadayayi''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/abu-dhabi-sakthi-awards-announced.html |title=അബുദാബി ശക്തി അവാര്‍ഡുകള്‍ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു |publisher=[[DC Books]] |date=18 July 2019 |access-date=3 January 2023 }}</ref>
* [[N. V. Krishna Warrier]] Vignjaana Puraskaram (2008){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* Mahakavi [[Vallathol Award]] (2008)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/08/stories/2008100853980500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012000048/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/08/stories/2008100853980500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2008|title=Vallathol Award |date=8 October 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/literacy-awards|title=Literary Awards|work=Government of Kerala|access-date=10 March 2017|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711190421/https://kerala.gov.in/literacy-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram]] (Asan Memorial Association, Chennai) (2008)<ref>{{cite news|title=Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Award-for-Puthusseri-Ramachandran/article15309201.ece |access-date=9 March 2017|work=The Hindu|date=24 September 2008}}</ref>
* [[Sergei Yesenin|Yesenin Award]], Russia (2012){{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}
* [[Ezhuthachan Puraskaram]], Kerala (2015)<ref>{{cite news|title=Ezhuthachan Award for Puthussery Ramachandran |url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ezhuthachan-award-for-puthussery-ramachandran-english-news-1.720014 |access-date=7 December 2015|work=Mathrubhumi|date=7 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ezhuthachan Award for Puthussery Ramachandran |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/ezhuthachan-award-for-puthussery-ramachandran/article7960164.ece |access-date=8 December 2015|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ezhuthachan Award for Puthussery Ramachandran|url=http://www.kaumudi.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=72241|access-date=7 December 2015|work=Kaumudi|date=7 December 2015|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312072437/http://www.kaumudi.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=72241|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Puthussery Ramachandran selected for this year's Ezhuthachan Award|url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/12/08/puthussery-ramachandran-selected-for-this-years-ezhuthachan-award.html|access-date=8 December 2015|work=Mathrubhumi Online|date=8 December 2015|archive-date=10 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210173353/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/12/08/puthussery-ramachandran-selected-for-this-years-ezhuthachan-award.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Thoppil Bhasi]] Award (2016)<ref>{{cite news|title=Thoppil Bhasi award for Puthussery |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/thoppil-bhasi-award-for-puthussery-116110901390_1.html|access-date=9 November 2016|work=Business Standard |date=9 November 2016}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* Founder Member, C. Achutha Menon Foundation (1991)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://achuthamenonfoundation.org/about%20us.php|title=About C. Achutha Menon Foundation|work=C. Achutha Menon Foundation}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ml_aw12.htm "Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards"]
*[http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html "Asan Memorial Association Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145952/http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html |date=13 April 2014 }}
*[http://esenin-museum.ru/en/portfolios/esenin_award "Sergei Yesenin Award"]
{{Ezhuthachan Puraskaram}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandran, Puthussery}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Sree Narayana College, Kollam alumni]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University College Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]]

Anshu Kumari

2026-02-05T02:38:04Z

BabulHossainjoy: created biography...

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Anshu Kumari''' (born 30 January 2008)<ref>https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Khelo%20India%20Athletes.pdf Serial Number 198</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from Delhi. She plays for the [[India women's national kho kho team]] as an allrounder. She was part of the Indian women’s team that won the inaugural kho kho World Cup held at Delhi in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-09 |title=Pratik Waikar, Priyanka Ingle to lead Indian men's and women's teams at Inaugural Kho Kho World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/kho-kho-world-cup-2025-prateek-waikar-priyanka-ingle-captains-india-squad-schedule-news/article69080630.ece |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumari played a key role in the Indian women's team victory in the first [[Kho Kho World Cup]] at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-01-15 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian women make history with 157-point rout of South Korea |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-women-make-history-with-157-point-rout-of-south-korea-1503386655.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> The Indian team defeated South Korea, IR Iran and Malaysia in the group stages, Bangladesh in quarterfinals and South Africa in semifinals. They defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]] 78-40 in the final. She was awarded the 'Best Attacker' award for the final match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Women create history at Kho Kho World Cup 2025 with commanding victory over rivals Nepal to secure coveted trophy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/indian-women-create-history-at-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-with-commanding-victory-over-rivals-nepal-to-secure-coveted-trophy/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Livemint |date=2025-01-19 |title=Indian women win first-ever Kho Kho World Cup 2025; PM Modi hails 'historic' victory {{!}} Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201155957/https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-date=2025-02-01 |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-19 |title=Indian Women's Kho Kho team scripts history by lifting inaugural World Cup trophy; Odisha cheers |url=https://sambadenglish.com/sports/indian-womens-kho-kho-team-scripts-history-by-lifting-inaugural-world-cup-trophy-8635560 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Sambad English |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Anshu}}
[[Category:2008 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Delhi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
{{India-sport-bio-stub}}

Maruti Suzuki

2026-01-28T11:58:10Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Indian automobile manufacturer company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Maruti Suzuki India Limited
| logo =
Maruti Suzuki logo.svg
| logo_size = 280px
| former_name = Maruti Udyog Limited
| type = [[Public]] [[subsidiary]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|532500}}|{{NSE|MARUTI}}|[[BSE SENSEX|BSE SENSEX Constituent]]|[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50 Constituent]]}}
| founder = [[Government of India]]
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE585B01010}}
| key_people = {{ubl
| [[R. C. Bhargava]] {{small|([[chairman]])}}
| Hisashi Takeuchi {{small|([[Managing Director]] & [[CEO]])}}<ref name="Board of Directors">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marutisuzuki.com/corporate/about-us/leadership|title=Our Leadership - Maruti Suzuki India Limited|website=Marutisuzuki.com}}</ref>
| Kenichi Ayukawa<ref name="Board of Directors"/> {{small|(Executive [[Vice Chairman]])}}
| Shasank Srivastava {{small|(Executive Director)}}
}}
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = {{unbulleted list
| [[Car|Automobiles]]
| [[Commercial vehicles]]
| [[List of auto parts|Automotive parts]]

}}
| services = {{unbulleted list
| [[Finance|Automotive finance]]
| [[Service (motor vehicle)|Vehicle service]]
}}
| production = {{Increase}} 2,135,323 units (2024)<ref name="Maruti Suzuki 2016-17">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/987ffe0b-6de7-4497-b857-16ade74f8bc4.pdf|title=Maruti Suzuki Annual Report 2024 |publisher=Maruti Suzuki Limited}}</ref>
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|145952|c}} (2024)<ref name="marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/987ffe0b-6de7-4497-b857-16ade74f8bc4.pdf|title=SEBI Standalone and Consolidated FY2023-24}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|17424|c}} (2024)<ref name="marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net"/>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|13488|c}} (2024)<ref name="marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net"/>
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|115353|c}} (2024)<ref name="marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net"/>
| equity = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|85636|c}} (2024)<ref name="marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net"/>
| num_employees = 40,004 (including 21,776 non permanent) (2024)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/4b14c577-1d8d-4eb0-a79e-f94640af8a67.pdf|title=Annual Integrated Report 2023-24|publisher=Maruti Suzuki}}</ref>
| parent = {{Unbulleted list|[[Suzuki|Suzuki Motor Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/stock-market/maruti-suzuki-india-ltd-stock-price/share-holdings/|date=12 May 2021|website=Financial Express|title=MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD SHARE HOLDINGS
}}</ref>}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1981|02|24|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/auto-focus/suzuki-drives-indias-car-manufacturing-story/article9532545.ece|title=Suzuki drives India's car manufacturing story|first=Wilfried|last=Aulbur|website=Thehindubusinessline.com|date=9 February 2017 }}</ref>
| location = [[New Delhi]], India<ref name="marutisuzuki1">{{cite web|url=https://www.marutisuzuki.com/corporate/reach-us/all-offices|title=Office Addresses - Maruti Suzuki India Limited|website=Marutisuzuki.com|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.marutisuzuki.com/}}
| area_served = India
}}

'''Maruti Suzuki India Limited''' is the Indian [[subsidiary]] of Japanese automaker [[Suzuki|Suzuki Motor Corporation]]. It is the largest automobile manufacturer in India, specialising in [[Subcompact car|small cars]]. The company was established by the [[Government of India]] as Maruti Udyog Limited in February 1981 as a joint venture with Suzuki, the latter becoming the first Japanese automaker, as well as the first major foreign automaker, to invest in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/obituary-osamu-suzuki-who-led-japanese-automaker-into-india-dies-94-2024-12-27/|title=Osamu Suzuki, who led Japanese automaker into India, dies at 94|first=Chang-Ran|last=Kim|publisher=Reuters|date=December 27, 2024|accessdate=December 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/27/business/osamu-suzuki-dies-94.html|title=Osamu Suzuki, Who Led Japanese Carmaker for Over 4 Decades, Dies at 94|first1=River Akira|last1=Davis|first2=Kiuko|last2=Notoya|work=New York Times|date=27 December 2024|accessdate=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/osamu-suzuki-the-legend-who-was-instrumental-in-helping-india-kickstart-its-automotive-journey/articleshow/116709084.cms?from=mdr|title=Osamu Suzuki: The legend who was instrumental in helping India kickstart its automotive journey|publisher=The Economic Times|date=27 December 2024}}</ref>

Maruti opened its first production facility in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram, Haryana]], in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-27 |title=Maruti Suzuki Case Study - History and Success in India |url=https://startuptalky.com/maruti-suzuki-case-study-india/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=StartupTalky |language=en}}</ref> Initially, Maruti was majority-owned by the Indian government, with Suzuki only taking a 26% stake during its establishment in 1982. The Indian government gradually reduced its stake, partially departed the business in 2003 by making it a public company and then sold all of its remaining shares to Suzuki Motor Corporation in 2007.<ref name="marutisuzuki1" /><ref name="corpinfo">[http://marutisuzuki.com/corporate.aspx Maruti Suzuki Corporate Information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126163908/http://marutisuzuki.com/corporate.aspx|date=26 January 2013}}. Retrieved 2013-02-01.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-05-10 |title=Govt exits Maruti, sells residual stake for 2,360 cr |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/govt-exits-maruti-sells-residual-stake-for-2360-cr/articleshow/2027888.cms |access-date=2023-04-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Maruti Suzuki has emerged as the largest Suzuki subsidiary in terms of production volume and sales. As of September 2022, the company had a leading market share of 42% in the [[Automotive industry in India|Indian passenger car market]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2022 |title=Maruti Suzuki chases market share but losing 'mind share' to Tata Motors |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/maruti-suzuki-chases-market-share-but-losing-mind-share-to-tata-motors-9572511.html |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Timeline}}History ==

=== Pre-Suzuki affiliation ===
The Maruti name can be traced back to a previous company that was established by the third Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]'s son, [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. In the early 1970s, the Indian government initiated the search for a small car manufacturer. At that time, India had already been manufacturing cars for several years, and the idea of a more affordable "people's car" had been discussed since the 1950s.

Sanjay Gandhi, known for his passion for cars, apprenticed with [[Rolls-Royce]] in [[Crewe]] of UK for three years. Upon his return in 1968, he recognized the potential of small car production in the private sector. Both the government and the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] endorsed the concept. Sanjay Gandhi subsequently initiated his automotive project, establishing operations in a rented garage near [[Roshanara Bagh]] in [[Old Delhi]].

The government issued a [[letter of intent]] in September 1970, with plan to produce up to 50,000 cars in a year. In August 1971, '''Maruti Motors Limited''' was established with [[Sanjay Gandhi]] becoming its first [[managing director]]. He acquired 297 acres of land in [[Gurgaon]] at a cost of approximately Rs 12,000 per acre to establish his Maruti factory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-14 |title=Maruti and Sanjay Gandhi: The history of an illicit, extraordinary love affair |url=https://www.motoroids.com/features/maruti-and-sanjay-gandhi-the-history-of-an-illicit-extraordinary-love-affair/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Motoroids |language=en-GB}}</ref> Initially, plans were laid out to manufacture an indigenous car priced at around Rs 8,000. However, the cost of the vehicle escalated to approximately Rs 16,500 (ex-showroom) and about Rs 21,000 on the road in Haryana. Despite the increase in price, the Maruti car remained competitively priced, being Rs 5,000-10,000 cheaper than its counterparts.

The first prototype of the Maruti car was completed in 1972, with production anticipated to commence by April 1973, as promised by Sanjay Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Gautam |title=A million cars for a billion people: the story of India's 'millionaire' cars, - from the iconic Maruti 800 to what went horribly wrong with the Tata Nano |date=2014 |publisher=Platinum Press |isbn=978-93-84027-74-2 |location=Mumbai, India}}</ref> He made the [[chassis]] by himself at his workshop, and a [[Triumph Motorcycles Ltd|Triumph]] motorcycle engine was used to propel the car.<ref name=":2" /> the prototype car underwent a feasibility test by the Vehicle Research & Development Establishment in [[Ahmednagar]]. The prototype failed the test, being deemed unsuitable for road use. Nonetheless, in July 1974, Maruti was granted an industrial license to produce 50,000 cars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Bhupesh |date=2015-07-11 |title=Emergency and Sanjay Gandhi: How Maruti's origin lies in cronyism, corruption and blackmail |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/emergency-and-the-maruti-story-start-of-a-small-wonder-115070900758_1.html}}</ref> However, the actual production output at Sanjay Gandhi's factory fell short of the initial target. Despite the projection to commence production at a rate of 12-20 units per month and escalate to 200 units per day, only 21 units were manufactured by 31 March 1976.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-14 |title=Was Maruti 800 truly the brainchild of Sanjay Gandhi? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/was-maruti-800-truly-the-brainchild-of-sanjay-gandhi/articleshow/105978938.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Sanjay Gandhi's involvement in politics during [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] further complicated the project's progress. Following Indira Gandhi's defeat in the 1977 election and a [[court order]] for Maruti's dissolution in 1978, the project faced uncertain prospects. With Indira's return to office in 1980 and Sanjay's death in a plane crash, the Government of India intervened and assumed control of Maruti through [[legislative]] measures.<ref name=":0" />

=== Tie-up with Suzuki ===
[[File:Maruti Old Logo.JPG|thumb|Logo of Maruti Udyog]]

Following Sanjay's death, his mother Indira tasked [[Arun Nehru]] with evaluating the feasibility of resurrecting her son's vision to develop India's affordable car. Nehru acknowledged the project's potential but emphasized the need for expertise from an experienced manufacturer. Subsequently, a team was assembled to explore potential collaborations with manufacturers globally.<ref name=":2" /> The Indian government started engaging in negotiations with [[Suzuki]] in April 1982. Following several months of preparations, Suzuki of Japan and '''Maruti Udyog Ltd.''' signed a license and [[joint venture]] agreement in October 1982. Initially, Suzuki acquired a modest 26 percent stake in the joint venture, owing to their constrained capital and perceived risks, despite the Indian government's preference for Suzuki to take a 40 percent [[Foreign direct investment|foreign equity share]]. Both parties reached a consensus, stipulating that Suzuki would increase its stake to 40 percent after five years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sorabjee |first=Hormazd |date=2023-12-15 |title=No one knew what Maruti 800's launch would lead to: RC Bhargava |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/auto-features/no-one-knew-what-maruti-800s-launch-would-lead-to-rc-bhargava-430104 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Autocar India}}</ref> Both the venture partners also entered into an agreement to nominate their candidate for the post of managing director and every managing director would have a tenure of five years.<ref>"[http://www.rediff.com/business/sep/19maru.htm Rediff on the Net: A successful marriage goes to court]", 19 September 1997</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 September 1997 |title=Rediff |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/sep/03mul.htm |access-date=10 October 2010 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> Suzuki later increased its equity to 50% in 1992, and further to 56.21% as of 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-01 |title=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Suzuki-Motors-stake-in-Maruti-Suzuki-goes-up-to-56-21/articleshow/19323285.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Maruti was granted permission to import two Suzuki vehicles that were completely assembled in the first two years of India's closed market, with an initial target of using just 33% domestic components. This greatly displeased the nearby manufacturers. There were some concerns that the Indian market would not support Maruti Suzuki's relatively high production levels, and the government even considered changing the petrol tariff and decreasing the excise fee to increase sales.<ref name="correspondent2">{{cite journal |author=B M |date=2021-08-30 |title=Message of Maruti-Suzuki |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=Sameeksha Trust |volume=XVII |pages=1524–1525 |number=38}}</ref>
[[File:Suzuki Maruti 800 1996 (14855426712).jpg|thumb|A 1996 [[Maruti 800]] photographed in Chile]]
Local production commenced in December 1983 with the introduction of the [[Suzuki Fronte#SS30/SS40|SS30/SS40 Suzuki Fronte/Alto]]-based [[Maruti 800]].<ref name="crore2">{{cite web |title=Maruti's domestic sales crosses 1 cr mark |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/maruti-suzuki-sales-cross-1-cr-mark/909976/ |access-date=9 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In 1984, the [[Suzuki Carry|Maruti Van]] with the same three-cylinder engine as the 800 was released. Maruti targeted annual production of 20,000 cars in the first year, and 40,000 in the second year at the [[Gurgaon]] plant. However, the rapid success of Maruti exceeded expectations of Suzuki. Within the first year, the company received an 120,000 bookings, much to Suzuki's surprise. Despite facing overwhelming demand, Maruti encountered challenges in meeting orders due to capacity limitations. The surge in demand necessitated a complete overhaul of its production strategy, by adjusting the ratio between the 800 and the van.<ref name=":1" />

The [[Maruti Suzuki Gypsy|Suzuki SJ410-based Gypsy]], a 970 cc 4-wheel drive off-road vehicle, was introduced in 1985. The 100,000th car manufactured by the firm was the 796 cc hatchback [[Suzuki Alto|Suzuki Alto (SS80)]], which succeeded the original 800 in 1986.<ref name="marutiwebsite">{{Cite web |title=The Maruti Udyog official Website Timeline Page |url=http://www.marutiudyog.com/ab/aboutus.asp?ch=1&ct=1&sc=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012122151/http://www.marutiudyog.com/ab/aboutus.asp?ch=1&ct=1&sc=6 |archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> In 1987, the company started exporting to western markets, when a lot of 500 cars were sent to Hungary. By 1988, the capacity of the Gurgaon plant was increased to 100,000 units per annum.

Until 1992–1993, Maruti faced constraints in increasing capacity due to the need for [[foreign exchange]]. Moreover, securing funding for expansion was challenging, especially during the [[1991 Indian economic crisis|Indian economic crisis of 1991]]. The Indian government stipulated that expansion could only proceed with foreign loans to cover costs. Eventually, Maruti secured aid from Axiom Bank in Japan, allowing them to finance the [[foreign exchange]] component of their expansion. This enabled Maruti to establish a new production line in the Gurgaon plant, addressing the persistent issue of shortages.<ref name=":1" />

In 1989, the [[Maruti 1000]] was introduced and the 970 cc, [[Three-box styling|three-box]] was India's first contemporary [[sedan (car)|sedan]]. By 1991, 65 percent of the components, for all vehicles produced, were indigenized. After the liberalization of the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]] in 1991, Suzuki increased its stake in Maruti to 50 percent, making the company a 50-50 joint venture with the government of India as the other stakeholder.

In 1993, the [[Maruti Suzuki Zen|Zen]], a 993 cc engine hatchback was launched, and in 1994 the 1,298 cc [[Suzuki Cultus Crescent|Esteem]] sedan was introduced. Maruti produced its 1 millionth vehicle since the commencement of production in 1994. Maruti's second plant was opened with an annual capacity reaching 200,000 units. Maruti launched a 24-hour emergency on-road vehicle service. In 1998, the new Maruti 800 was released, being the first change in design since 1986. Zen D, a 1,527 cc diesel hatchback, Maruti's first diesel vehicle, and a redesigned Omni were introduced. In 1999, the 1.6-litre [[Maruti Baleno]] three-box sedan and [[Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon R]] were also launched.

In 2000, Maruti became the first car company in India to launch a [[Call Center|call center]] for internal and customer services. The new [[Maruti Suzuki Alto|Alto]] model was released. In 2001, [[#Maruti TrueValue|Maruti True Value]], selling and buying used cars was launched. In October of the same year, the [[Suzuki Carry|Maruti Versa]] was launched. In 2002, [[Suzuki Cultus Crescent|Esteem]] Diesel was introduced. Two new subsidiaries were also started: Maruti Insurance Distributor Services and Maruti Insurance Brokers Limited. Suzuki Motor Corporation increased its stake in Maruti to 54.2 percent.

In 2003, the new [[Suzuki Vitara|Suzuki Grand Vitara]] XL-7 was introduced while the [[Maruti Suzuki Zen|Zen]] and the [[Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon R]] were upgraded and redesigned. The four millionth Maruti vehicle was built and they entered into a partnership with the [[State Bank of India]]. Maruti Udyog Ltd. was listed on BSE and NSE after a public issue, which was oversubscribed tenfold. In 2004, the [[Maruti Suzuki Alto|Alto]] became India's best-selling car overtaking the [[Maruti 800]] after nearly two decades. The five-seater [[Suzuki Carry|Versa]] 5-seater, a new variant, was created while the Esteem was re-launched. Maruti Udyog closed the financial year 2003–04 with an annual sale of 472,122 units, the highest ever since the company began operations, and the fiftieth lakh (5 millionth) car rolled out in April 2005. The 1.3-litre [[Suzuki Swift]] five-door hatchback was introduced in 2005.<ref name=smooth>{{cite journal | title = Maruti Udyog: Smooth Drive | journal = Economic and Political Weekly | number = 8 | volume = XLI | location = Mumbai, India | publisher = Sameeksha Trust | page = 672 | date = 2006-02-25 }}</ref>

[[File:Maruti Suzuki logo (2009).svg|thumb|Maruti Suzuki's former logo, used in 2009-2018]]

In 2006, Suzuki and Maruti set up another joint venture called Maruti Suzuki Automobiles India to build two new manufacturing plants, one for vehicles and one for engines.<ref name=smooth/> Cleaner cars were also introduced, with several new models meeting the new [[Bharat Stage emission standards|Bharat Stage III emission standards]].<ref name=smooth/> In February 2012, Maruti Suzuki sold its ten millionth vehicle in India.<ref name="crore2"/> In July 2014 it had a market share of more than 45%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.team-bhp.com/forum/indian-car-scene/154170-july-2014-indian-car-sales-figures-analysis.html|title=July 2014: Indian Car Sales Figures & Analysis - Team-BHP|access-date=2016-06-28}}</ref> In May 2015, the company produced its fifteen millionth vehicle in India, a Swift Dzire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maruti Suzuki rolls out 15 million cars {{!}} Team-BHP|url=http://www.team-bhp.com/news/maruti-suzukis-manesar-plant-rolls-out-15-million-cars|access-date=10 May 2020|website=Team-BHP.com|language=en}}</ref>

On 25 April 2019, Maruti Suzuki announced that it would phase out production of [[Diesel engine|diesel cars]] by 1 April 2020, when the [[Bharat Stage emission standards|Bharat Stage VI emission standards]] come into effect. The new standards would require a significant investment from the company to upgrade its existing diesel engines to comply with the more stringent emission standards. Chairman [[R. C. Bhargava|R.C. Bhargava]] stated, "We have taken this decision so that in 2022 we are able to meet the corporate average fuel efficiency (CAFE) norms and a higher share of [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]] vehicles will help us comply with the norms. I hope the union government's policies will help grow the market for CNG vehicles." At that time, diesel cars accounted for about 23 percent of Maruti Suzuki's annual sales.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Malyaban |title=Maruti to phase out all diesel cars from April next year |url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/maruti-to-phase-out-all-diesel-cars-from-april-next-year-1556184892655.html |website=Mint |access-date=26 April 2019 |language=en |date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

The company planned to launch its first [[electric car]] in the second half of 2021, the Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Electric, before cancelling its plan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maruti Suzuki WagonR electric test mule spotted yet again|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/auto/car-news/article/maruti-suzuki-wagonr-electric-test-mule-spotted-yet-again/774784|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Timesnownews.com|date=23 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
The company now produces the eVitara (unveiled in Milan and based on eVX concept shown in 2023) since 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maruti Suzuki e Vitara unveiled: All about company's first-ever electric vehicle, set for 2025 production|url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/maruti-suzuki-e-vitara-unveiled-all-about-companys-first-ever-electric-vehicle-set-for-2025-production/-11730811769761.html|access-date=2024-11-12|website=live mint|date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
* [[Sanjay Gandhi]] (1971–1977)
* [[R. C. Bhargava]] (1981–1997)
* S. S. L. N. Bhaskarudu (1997–1999)
* [[Jagdish Khattar]] (1999–2007)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing/19527_Khattar-retires-from-Maruti-Suzuki-top-management-reshuffled | title=Khattar retires from Maruti Suzuki; top management reshuffled | publisher=afaqs.com | date=30 October 2007 | accessdate=3 September 2020 }}</ref>
* Shinzo Nakanishi (2007–2013)<ref>{{cite web | title=Maruti Suzuki India makes changes in top management; Jagdish Khattar to retire in December - Exchange4media | date=30 October 2007 | url=https://www.exchange4media.com/people-movement-news/maruti-suzuki-india-makes-changes-in-top-managementjagdish-khattar-to-retire-in-december-28385.html }}</ref>
* Kenichi Ayukawa (2013–2022)<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-15/maruti-suzuki-names-ayukawa-ceo-amid-indian-car-market-slump#:~:text=Gift%20this%20article,March%202003%2C%20the%20group%20said.</ref>
* Hisashi Takeuchi (2022–present)<ref>{{cite web | title=Maruti Suzuki Board Appoints Mr Hisashi Takeuchi as MD & CEO starting 1st April '22 | url=https://www.marutisuzuki.com/corporate/media/press-releases/2022/march/maruti-suzuki-board-appoints-mr-hisashi-takeuchi-as-md-and-ceo-starting-1st-april-22#:~:text=Maruti%20Suzuki%20is%20a%20great,By%20Year }}</ref>

==Manufacturing facilities==
Maruti Suzuki has two manufacturing facilities in [[Haryana]] ([[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] and [[Manesar]]), and [[Suzuki Motor Gujarat|one manufacturing complex in Gujarat]]. All manufacturing facilities have a combined production capacity of 2,250,000 vehicles annually.

The [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] manufacturing facility has three fully integrated manufacturing plants and is spread over {{convert|300|acre|km2}}.<ref name="businesstoday.intoday.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/maruti-suzuki-on-recovery-route-after-2012-labour-troubles/story/202165.html|title=How Maruti bounced back after its labour strife of 2012|website=Businesstoday.in|date=15 January 2014 }}</ref> The Gurugram facilities also manufacture 240,000 ''[[List of Suzuki engines#K engine|K-Series]]'' engines annually. The Gurugram facility manufactures the [[Suzuki Alto|Alto 800]], [[Maruti Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon R]], [[Suzuki Ertiga|Ertiga]], XL6, [[Suzuki SX4|S-Cross]], [[Suzuki Brezza|Vitara Brezza]], [[Suzuki Ignis|Ignis]], and [[Suzuki Eeco|Eeco]]. The Gurugram facility also assembles the [[Suzuki Jimny|Jimny]] starting from January 2021 solely for export markets. It was reported the Indian-assembled Jimny will be exported to African markets and countries in the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maruti Suzuki starts exporting the Jimny SUV from India|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/maruti-suzuki-starts-exporting-the-jimny-suv-from-india-419712|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Autocar India|language=en}}</ref>

The [[Manesar]] manufacturing plant was inaugurated in February 2007 and is spread over {{convert|600|acre|km2}}.<ref name="businesstoday.intoday.in"/> Initially, it had a production capacity of 100,000 vehicles annually but this was increased to 300,000 vehicles annually in October 2008. The production capacity was further increased by 250,000 vehicles taking the total production capacity to 800,000 vehicles annually.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marutisuzuki.com/press-release-16-sep-2014.aspx |title=Maruti Suzuki India LTD. Maruti Udyog Ltd Best Selling Car Maruti True Value Maruti Udyog |access-date=24 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225025355/http://www.marutisuzuki.com/press-release-16-sep-2014.aspx |archive-date=25 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Manesar plant produces the [[Maruti Suzuki Alto|Alto]], [[Suzuki Swift|Swift]], [[Suzuki Ciaz|Ciaz]], [[Suzuki Baleno (2015)|Baleno]] and [[Suzuki Celerio|Celerio]]. On 25 June 2012, Haryana State Industries and Infrastructure Development Corporation demanded Maruti Suzuki pay an additional ₹235 crore for enhanced land acquisition for its Haryana plant expansion. The agency reminded Maruti that failure to pay the amount would lead to further proceedings and vacating the enhanced land acquisition.<ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana government asks Maruti to pay Rs 235 crore for farmer compensation|work=The Economic Times|date=24 July 2012|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/haryana-government-asks-maruti-to-pay-rs-235-crore-for-farmer-compensation/articleshow/15123404.cms}}</ref>

In 2012, the company decided to merge Suzuki Powertrain India Limited (SPIL) with itself.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maruti to merge Suzuki Powertrain with itself; Suzuki to increase stake to 56.21%|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/news/32215543_1_diesel-engine-powertrain-india-maruti-suzuki|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602045356/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/news/32215543_1_diesel-engine-powertrain-india-maruti-suzuki|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2015|access-date=2016-07-13}}</ref> SPIL was started as a JV by Suzuki Motor Corp. along with Maruti Suzuki. It has the facilities available for manufacturing diesel engines and transmissions. The demand for transmissions for all Maruti Suzuki cars is met by the production from SPIL.

In 2017, the new [[Suzuki Motor Gujarat]] facility was opened. This third facility is not owned by Maruti Suzuki, but instead wholly owned by Suzuki Motor Corporation. Despite that, the plant supplied vehicles to Maruti without any additional cost. Located in Hansalpur, [[Ahmedabad]], the plant has a total annual capacity of 750,000 units.

In November 2021 Maruti Suzuki announce to set up of a big plant in [[Kharkhoda, Haryana|IMT Kharkhoda]] in Sonipat district across 900 acres with an investment of ₹18,000 crores.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-14|title=Maruti Suzuki gets green signal to set up new plant at Sonepat|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/maruti-suzuki-new-plant-sonepat-7621639/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

[[Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation]] gives 900 acres of land to Maruti Suzuki for setting up a new plant in Industrial Model Township at [[Kharkhoda, Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Manvir Saini|date=Nov 13, 2021|title=Haryana: 900 acres of land given to Maruti for the new plant in Sonipat's Kharkhoda district {{!}} Chandigarh News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-900-acres-of-land-given-to-maruti-for-new-plant-in-sonipats-kharkhoda-district/articleshow/87688976.cms|access-date=2021-11-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

In August 2022 [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] virtually laid the foundation stone of Maruti Suzuki's new manufacturing plant in [[Kharkhoda, Haryana|Kharkhoda]]. It will be one of the largest automobile manufacturing plant in the world with the capacity of making a million cars per year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-28 |title=सोनीपत के खरखौदा में मारुति का नया प्लांट, पीएम मोदी ने किया शिलान्यास, CM खट्टर बोले-युवाओं को मिलेगा रोजगार |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/sonipat-pm-modi-foundation-stone-of-maruti-suzuki-plant-in-kharkhoda-10-lakh-cars-will-be-made-nodelsp-4510425.html |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Modi to lay stone of Maruti plant at Kharkhoda: Haryana Deputy CM Dushyant Chautala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/modi-to-lay-stone-of-maruti-plant-at-kharkhoda-deputy-cm-423458 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

The Maruti Suzuki's [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] manufacturing facility will shift to new manufacturing facility in [[Kharkhoda|Kharkhoda, Haryana]] will have four manufacturing plants in which a million cars will be produced annually and the [[Kharkhoda, Haryana]] plant will be third largest car producing facility in world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurugram news: दुनिया का तीसरा सबसे बड़ा कार उत्पादक बनेगा भारत, मारुति सुजुकी के चेयरमेन भार्गव ने दिया बयान |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-ncr-gurugram-india-will-become-worlds-3rd-largest-car-producer-maruti-suzuki-chairman-bhargava-gave-statement-23251880.html |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Along with this, the carmaker will invest 35,000 crores into building second manufacturing plant close to their [[Gujarat]] plant in the state with a million cars capacity per annum. The operations will commence in 2028-29 taking the production capacity combined to 4.35 million units annually.

==Controversies==
===Industrial relations===
Since its founding in 1983, Maruti Udyog Limited has experienced problems with its labor force. The [[Labour in India|Indian labor]] it hired readily accepted Japanese work culture and the modern manufacturing process. In 1997, there was a change in ownership, and Maruti became predominantly government controlled. Shortly thereafter, conflict between the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front Government]] and Suzuki started. In 2000, a major industrial relations issue began and employees of Maruti went on an indefinite strike, demanding among other things, major revisions to their wages, incentives and pensions.<ref name=mathur>{{cite book|title=Retail Management: Text And Cases|author=U.C. Mathur|year=2010|isbn=978-9380578668|pages=471–472|publisher=I. K. International Pvt }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti staff to continue strike|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|date=28 September 2000|url=http://hindu.com/businessline/2000/09/28/stories/142807a6.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219115123/http://hindu.com/businessline/2000/09/28/stories/142807a6.htm|archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref>

Employees used [[slowdown]] in October 2000, to press a revision to their incentive-linked pay. In parallel, after elections and a new central government led by [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA alliance]], India pursued a [[Disinvestment|disinvestment policy]]. Along with many other government owned companies, the new administration proposed to sell part of its stake in Maruti Suzuki in a public offering. The worker's union opposed this sell-off plan on the grounds that the company will lose a major business advantage of being subsidized by the Government, and the union has better protection while the company remains in control of the government.<ref name=mathur/><ref>{{cite news|title=MUL union leaders on hunger strike|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|date=19 December 2000|url=http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2000/12/19/stories/141907a6.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125111847/http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2000/12/19/stories/141907a6.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013}}</ref>

The standoff between the [[Trade union|union]] and the management continued through 2001. The management refused union demands citing increased competition and lower margins. The central government privatized Maruti in 2002 and Suzuki became the majority owner of Maruti Udyog Limited.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/52a/index-db.html|title=Article Timeline of Maruti Suzuki Labour Unrest, World History Archive|publisher=Hartford-hwp.com|access-date=10 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti disinvestment - Releasing the clutch|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|date=19 May 2002|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/iw/2002/05/19/stories/2002051900060700.htm}}</ref>

===Manesar violence===
On 18 July 2012, Maruti's [[Manesar]] plant was hit by violence. According to Maruti management, the production workers attacked supervisors and started a fire that killed company's General Manager of Human Resources Avineesh Dev and injured 100 other managers, including two Japanese [[expatriate]]s. The workers also allegedly injured nine policemen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Riot Hits Big India Auto Maker|author=Nikhil Gulati and Santanu Choudhury|date=19 July 2012|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444464304577535851555867244 }}</ref><ref name=wsj22july>{{cite news|title=Indian Car Maker Declares Lockout|author=Nikhil Gulati|date=22 July 2012|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443437504577542433812209206|website=Wsj.com}}</ref> However Maruti Suzuki Workers Union (MSWU) President Sam Meher alleged that management ordered 300 hired security guards to attack the workforce during the violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/violence-has-implications-beyond-one-company-region-maruti/article3658207.ece|title=Violence has implications beyond one company, region: Maruti|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-26|language=en}}</ref> The incident is the worst-ever for Suzuki since the company began operations in India in 1983.<ref name=wsj20jul>{{cite news|title=Maruti Manager Died in Fire After Limbs Broken|author=Santanu Choudhury|date=20 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444464304577535851555867244 }}</ref>

Since April 2012, the Manesar union had demanded a three-fold increase in basic salary, a monthly conveyance allowance of {{Indian Rupee}}10,000, a laundry allowance of {{Indian Rupee}}3,000, a gift with every new car launch, and a house for every worker who wants one, or cheaper home loans for those who want to build their own houses.<ref name=NYT72012>{{cite news|title=Clash at an Auto Plant in India Turns Deadly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/business/global/clash-at-india-auto-factory-leaves-one-dead-and-scores-wounded.html|access-date=20 July 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 July 2012|author=Vikas Bajaj|author2=Sruthi Gottipati}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Marutis-Manesar-plant-GMHR-burned-to-death-91-workers-arrested-government-says-business-confidence-intact/articleshow/15045097.cms| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021050950/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/india/32745786_1_maruti-suzuki-plant-maruti-s-manesar-violence| url-status= live| archive-date= 21 October 2013| work= [[The Times of India]]| title= Maruti's Manesar plant GM(HR) burned to death, 91 workers arrested; government says business confidence intact| date=19 July 2012}}</ref> According to the Maruti Suzuki Workers Union a supervisor had abused and made discriminatory comments to a [[Caste system in India|low-caste]] worker, Jiya Lal.<ref name=HP72112>{{cite news|title=India's Maruti Suzuki shuts riot-hit car plant|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120721/as-india-suzuki/|access-date=23 July 2012|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=21 July 2012|author=Ashok Sharma}}</ref> These claims were denied by the company and the police.<ref name=wsj22july/> Maruti said the unrest began, not over wage discussions, but after the workers' union demanded the reinstatement of Jiya Lal who had been suspended for allegedly beating a supervisor.<ref name=wsj20jul/> The workers claim harsh working conditions and extensive hiring of low-paid contract workers which are paid about $126 a month, about half the minimum wage of permanent employees.<ref name=HP72112 /> On 27 June 2013, an international delegation from the International Commission for Labor Rights (ICLR) released a [http://www.laborcommission.org/files/uploads/2FINAL_Merchants_of_Menace_lo_res.pdf report] alleging serious violations of the industrial right of workers by the Maruti Suzuki management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2013/06/28/international-delegation-releases-report-and-calls-on-the-indian-government-to-address-violations-of-the-labor-and-human-rights-of-maruti-suzuki-workers/|title=Violations of the Labor and Human Rights of Maruti Suzuki Workers in India|last=Ness|first=Immanuel|date=2013-06-28|website=Labor and Working-Class History Association}}</ref> Company executives denied harsh conditions and claim they hired entry-level workers on contracts and made them permanent as they gained experience.<ref name=NYT72012 /> Maruti employees currently earn allowances in addition to their base wage.<ref name="et26jul">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Maruti-workers-want-lakh-a-month/Article1-895806.aspx|title=Maruti workers want lakh a month|date=26 July 2012|work=The Hindustan Times|author=Sumant Banerji|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726062828/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Maruti-workers-want-lakh-a-month/Article1-895806.aspx|archive-date=26 July 2012}}</ref>

The police, in its [[First Information Report]] (FIR), claimed on 21 July that Manesar violence is the result of a planned violence by a section of workers and union leaders and arrested 91 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti violence may be planned: cops|date=21 July 2011|author=Indo Asian News Service|work=[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/business/bf1ca28fe5063ac58d52d38d88dda279/maruti-violence-may-be-planned-cops|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723093052/http://india.nydailynews.com/business/bf1ca28fe5063ac58d52d38d88dda279/maruti-violence-may-be-planned-cops|archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=21 July 2012|title=Police collect CCTV clips from Manesar MSIL plant|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Police-collect-CCTV-clips-from-Manesar-MSIL-plant/articleshow/15066957.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126155702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/gurgaon/32775947_1_cctv-cameras-footages-cctv-clips|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 January 2013}}</ref> Maruti Suzuki in its statement on the unrest,<ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti Suzuki's statement on Manesar unrest|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=19 July 2012|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maruti-suzukis-statement-on-manesar-unrest/272307-3-240.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722052549/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maruti-suzukis-statement-on-manesar-unrest/272307-3-240.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref> announced that all work at the Manesar plant has been suspended indefinitely.<ref name=wsj20jul/> The shut down of Manesar plant is leading to a loss of about ₹75 crore<ref name=ET72212 /> per day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Marutis-Manesar-plant-closed-for-third-day-Rs-210cr-loss-so-far/articleshow/15073919.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126040434/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/india/32776480_1_manesar-plant-plant-rolls-maruti-s-manesar|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Maruti's Manesar plant closed for third day, Rs 210cr loss so far |date=21 July 2012 |access-date=21 July 2012}}</ref> On 21 July 2012, citing safety concerns, the company announced a [[Lockout (industry)|lockout]] under [[The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947]] pending results of an inquiry the company has requested of the [[Haryana government]] into the causes of the disorder. Under the provisions of The Industrial Disputes Act for wages, the report claimed, employees are expected to be paid for the duration of the lockout.<ref name=ET72212>{{cite news|title=Maruti Suzuki declares lockout at Manesar factory|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/maruti-suzuki-declares-lockout-at-manesar-factory/articleshow/15082063.cms|access-date=21 July 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=22 July 2012|author=Chanchal Pal Chauhan}}</ref> On 26 July 2012, Maruti announced employees would not be paid for the period of lock-out in accordance with [[Indian labour laws|Indian labor laws]]. The company further announced that it will stop using contract workers by March 2013. The report claimed the salary difference between contract workers and permanent workers has been much smaller than initial media reports – the contract worker at Maruti received about {{Indian Rupee}}11,500 per month, while a permanent worker received about {{Indian Rupee}}12,500 a month at start, which increased in three years to {{Indian Rupee}}21,000-₹22,000 per month.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti Suzuki to Stop Using Contract Workers in Direct Manufacturing|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|date=26 July 2012|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443343704577550231319101386}}</ref> In a separate report, a contractor who was providing contract employees to Maruti claimed the company gave its contract employees<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/maruti-suzuki-cuts-3-000-contract-jobs-1566885517366.html |title=Maruti Suzuki cuts 3,000 contract jobs
|date=27 August 2019
|publisher=livemint.com |access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref> the best wage, allowances and benefits package in the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=Violence at Maruti's Manesar plant: Bloodlust had taken over, eyewitness says|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 July 2012|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Violence-at-Marutis-Manesar-plant-Bloodlust-had-taken-over-eyewitness-says/articleshow/15159529.cms}}</ref>

Shinzo Nakanishi, managing director and chief executive of Maruti Suzuki India, said this type of violence has never happened in Suzuki Motor Corp's global operations in Hungary, Indonesia, Spain, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the Philippines. Nakanishi apologized to affected workers on behalf of the company, and in press interview requested the central and Haryana state governments to help stop further violence by legislating decisive rules to restore corporate confidence amid emergence of this new 'militant workforce' in Indian factories. He announced, "we are going to de-recognize Maruti Suzuki Workers' Union and dismiss all workers named in connection with the incident. We will not compromise at all in such instances of barbaric, unprovoked violence." He also announced Maruti plans to continue manufacturing in Manesar, that [[Gujarat]] was an expansion opportunity and not an alternative to Manesar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maruti to stay put at Manesar, planning new plant|date=21 July 2012|author=Chanchal Pal Chauhan|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/maruti-to-stay-put-at-manesar-planning-new-plant/articleshow/15064245.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=We will de-recognise Maruti Suzuki Workers' Union: Shinzo Nakanishi|author=Sharmistha Mukherjee & Surajeet Das Gupta|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=22 July 2012|url=http://business-standard.com/india/news/we-will-de-recognise-maruti-suzuki-workers-union-shinzo-nakanishi/481032/}}</ref>

The company dismissed 500 workers accused of causing the violence and re-opened the plant on 21 August, saying it would produce 150 vehicles on the first day, less than 10% of its capacity. Analysts said that the shutdown was costing the company 1 billion rupees ($18 million) a day and costing the company market share.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.timescolonist.com/business/Maruti+Suzuki+riot+plant+reopens+only+partial+capacity/7121376/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204114233/http://www.timescolonist.com/business/Maruti+Suzuki+riot+plant+reopens+only+partial+capacity/7121376/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2013 |title=Maruti Suzuki's riot-hit plant reopens but only at partial capacity |author=The Times Colonist |date=21 August 2012 |access-date=22 August 2012 |author-link=The Times Colonist }}</ref> In July 2013, the workers went on hunger strike to protest the continuing jailing of their colleagues and launched an online campaign to support their demands.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.labourstartcampaigns.net/show_campaign.cgi?c=1889 |title=India: Free 147 jailed workers - support the hunger strikers |author= LabourStart |date=15 July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2013|author-link=LabourStart }}</ref>

A total of 148 workers were charged with the murder of Human Resources Manager Avineesh Dev. The court dismissed charges against 117 of the workers. On 17 March 2017, 31 workers were found guilty of variety of offences. 18 were convicted on charges of rioting, trespassing, causing hurt and other related offences under Indian Penal Code sections. The remaining 13 workers were sentenced to life in imprisonment after being found guilty of the [[murder]] of General Manager of Human Resources Avineesh Dev. Twelve of the thirteen sentenced were office-bearers of the Maruti Suzuki Workers Union at the time of the alleged offences. The prosecution had sought the death penalty for the thirteen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/100317/31-maruti-employees-convicted-for-2012-manesar-violence.html|title=31 Maruti employees convicted for 2012 Manesar violence|date=2017-03-10|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

Both prosecution and defense have announced they will appeal against the sentences. Defense counsel [[Vrinda Grover]] stated, "We will file appeals against all convictions in the HC. The evidence, as it stands, cannot withstand legal scrutiny. There is no evidence to link these workers to the murder. The 13 who have been convicted, it’s important to remember that they were the leaders of the union. Therefore, it is clear that this is targeted framing of these persons. We hope for justice in the superior court".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-maruti-plant-violence-13-get-life-sentence-worker-unions-to-hold-rally-4575457/|title=In Maruti plant violence: 13 sentenced to life, worker unions to hold rally|last=Sakshi|first=Dayal|date=2017-03-19|work=Indian Express}}</ref>

The Maruti Suzuki Workers Union is continuing to organize industrial action and protests calling for the workers to be released and criticizing the judgement and sentences an unjust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marutisuzukiworkersunion.wordpress.com/2017/03/19/free-the-maruti-workers-13-maruti-union-members-given-life-sentence-for-struggling-for-union-formation-abolition-of-the-contract-worker-system/|title=Free the Maruti Workers! 13 Maruti Union members given 'Life Sentence' for Struggling for Union Formation &Abolition of the Contract Worker System|date=2017-03-19|website=Maruti Suzuki Workers Union}}</ref> An international appeal for the release of the workers has been made by the International Committee for the Fourth International (ICFI) and other organizations such as the People's Alliance for Democracy and Secularism (PADS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2017/03/20/pers-m20.html|title=Free the framed-up Maruti Suzuki workers!|date=2017-03-20|website=World Socialist Website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/2017/03/19/demanding-justice-for-convicted-workers-of-maruti-suzuki/|title=Demanding Justice For Convicted Workers of Maruti Suzuki|last=Rao|first=Battini|website=Countercurrents.org|date=19 March 2017 }}</ref>

===Automotive safety===
Maruti Suzuki has been criticized for compromising safety in their products by automotive enthusiasts, journalists, and the [[Global NCAP]], as they are made lighter in terms of kerb weight to achieving higher fuel economy. Starting from January 2014, several of their made for India cars were crash tested at Global NCAP through the [[Global NCAP#Safer Cars for India|Safer Cars for India]] campaign, most of which have given disappointing results. Cars like [[Suzuki Alto|Alto]], [[Suzuki Swift|Swift]], [[Suzuki Celerio|Celerio]], [[Suzuki S-Presso|S-Presso]] (with driver's airbag), and [[Suzuki Eeco|Eeco]] which had no safety features like [[airbag]]s were awarded 0 stars, while [[Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon-R]] and [[Suzuki Swift|Swift]] (2018 model year) which had dual front airbags were awarded 2 stars out of 5. Only the [[Suzuki Vitara|Vitara]], [[suzuki Brezza|Brezza]] (4 stars) and [[Suzuki Ertiga|Ertiga]] (3 stars) have been awarded decent safety ratings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalncap.org/safercarsforindia|title=#SaferCarsForIndia|website=Globalncap.org|access-date=5 March 2022|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320025108/https://www.globalncap.org/safercarsforindia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Though Maruti Suzuki claimed that they were following the safety standards mandated by the Government of India, it however only implied with the safety features included in their cars and not the strong body shell or build quality which suffers the impact of the crash.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiacarnews.com/news/crash-test-results-of-maruti-suzuki-cars-global-ncap-42873/|title=Crash Test Results of Maruti Suzuki Cars – Global NCAP|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> Maruti Suzuki has also come under fire for discrimination with customers in India, by making cars safe meant for exports to European and African markets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/auto/maruti-suzuki-s-presso-safer-in-africa-as-compared-to-india-reports-1400820|title=Maruti Suzuki S-Presso Safer In Africa As Compared To India: Reports|website=News.abplive.com|date=30 November 2020}}</ref>

In November 2014, [[R. C. Bhargava|RC Bhargava]], the chairman of Maruti Suzuki, stated that "''If carmakers incorporate such features in even entry-level cars, obviously the price would go up, which would lead consumers to opt for two-wheelers, which would be more unsafe''", which attracted criticism.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-11-12|title=More safety features in cars will mean less road safety, says Maruti chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/more-safety-features-in-cars-will-mean-less-road-safety-says-maruti-chief/|access-date=2021-07-12|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> The company, in February 2020, decided not to send their cars to Global NCAP for testing, as they only believe in the Safety Standards set by the Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/auto/maruti-suzuki-believes-only-in-indian-vehicle-safety-standards-will-not-send-cars-for-global-ncap-test-2503779.html|title=Maruti Suzuki Believes Only in Indian Vehicle Safety Standards, Will Not Send Cars for Global NCAP Test|website=News18.com|date=19 February 2020}}</ref> Following the crash test results of S-Presso, Alejandro Furas, Secretary General of [[Global NCAP]] said, “It is very disappointing that Maruti Suzuki, the manufacturer with the largest share of the Indian market, offers such low safety performance for Indian consumers. Domestic manufacturers like [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]] and [[Tata Motors Cars|Tata]] have demonstrated high levels of safety and protection for their customers, both achieving five star performance. Surely it’s time for Maruti Suzuki to demonstrate this commitment to safety for its customers?” Alongside, David Ward, President of the Towards Zero Foundation said, "''We have seen important progress on car safety in India, with new legislation introduced by the government and manufacturers like Mahindra and Tata accepting the Global NCAP five star challenge and producing models which go well beyond minimum regulatory requirements. There is no place for zero rated cars in the Indian market. It remains a great disappointment that an important manufacturer like Maruti Suzuki does not recognize this.''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalncap.org/news/s-presso-gck5a|title=Maruti Suzuki Rated ZERO In Latest Global NCAP Crash Tests|website=Globalncap.org|date=20 November 2020 |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>

For FY 2022 and 2023, Global NCAP crash tested the [[Suzuki Swift|Swift]], [[Suzuki S-Presso|S-Presso]], [[Suzuki Ignis|Ignis]], and [[Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon-R]], each of which received 1-star rating, while the [[Maruti Suzuki Alto#Third generation (2022)|Alto K10]] received 2-star rating.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalncap.org/safercarsforindia|title=#SaferCarsForIndia|website=Global NCAP|access-date=11 July 2021|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320025108/https://www.globalncap.org/safercarsforindia|url-status=dead}}</ref> While these cars came with basic safety features such as ABS and Dual Front Airbags, as mandated by the Government of India, the body structure was rated unstable with inability to withstand further loads.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/cars/indian-cars-with-unexpectedly-poor-safety-ratings-at-global-ncap-maruti-and-hyundai-top-list-41692610946486.html|title= Indian cars with unexpectedly poor safety ratings at global ncap maruti and hyundai top-list|date= 22 August 2023}}</ref> Maruti Suzuki has faced ire by auto enthusiasts and media for prioritizing sales over safety by pricing the unsafe cars much lower than competitors, eventually earning the name "Tin Cans" for the unsafe cars.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/auto/3-cars-with-poor-safety-rating-but-high-sales-78614-27-11-2023|title= 3 cars with poor safety rating but high sales|date= 27 November 2023}}</ref>

By 2023, consumer surveys indicated a shift in car-buying priorities in India, with 92% of respondents reporting that they preferred safer cars over more fuel-efficient ones.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/92-indians-want-safer-cars-than-fuel-efficient-ones-survey/articleshow/101335342.cms|title=92% Indians want safer cars than fuel-efficient ones: Survey |date=28 June 2023 |website=Times of India}}</ref> Responding to this growing emphasis on vehicle safety, Maruti Suzuki implemented a strategic shift in 2024, standardizing six airbags and electronic stability control across much of its lineup. This approach culminated in the compact sedan [[Suzuki Dzire|Dzire]] earning a 5-star rating from both [[Global NCAP]] and [[Bharat NCAP]], marking a turning point in the company’s safety performance and setting a new benchmark for mass-market Indian sedans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalncap.org/news/new-dzire-from-maruti-suzuki-achieves-five-star-rating-in-global-ncap-voluntary-test|title=New Dzire from Maruti Suzuki achieves five star rating in Global NCAP voluntary test |date=8 November 2024 |website=Global NCAP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news/maruti-suzuki-makes-6-airbags-standard-in-97-of-lineup-targets-safety-perception-shift-126763|title=Maruti Suzuki makes 6 airbags standard in 97% of lineup, targets safety perception shift |website=Autocar Pro}}</ref>

=== Anti-competitive dealer policies ===
In Aug 2021, Maruti Suzuki was fined [[Indian rupee|₹]]200 Crore (US$28.57 million) by the [[Competition Commission of India|Competition Commission of India (CCI)]] for implementing its Discount Control Policy that restrains dealers from offering customer discounts beyond those prescribed by the carmaker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maruti Suzuki fined Rs 200 crore for anti-competitive dealer policies|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/maruti-suzuki-fined-rs-200-crore-for-anti-competitive-dealer-policies-421826|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Autocar India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's why CCI imposed Rs 200 crore penalty on Maruti Suzuki|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/explained-why-cci-imposed-rs-200-crore-fine-on-maruti-suzuki-1844645-2021-08-24|access-date=2021-08-25|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=24 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prasad|first=Gireesh Chandra|date=2021-08-24|title=How Maruti got a ₹200-crore competition penalty|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/lessons-in-cci-s-fine-on-maruti-for-other-companies-11629825735996.html|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Livemint.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Models==
===Current models===
====ICE vehicles====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: 55%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Model
! rowspan="2" width="20%" |Indian introduction
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Current model
! rowspan="2" width="25%" |Dealer outlet
|-
! class="unsortable" |Image
!Name
! width="20%" |Introduction
! width="20%" |Update/[[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]]
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Hatchback]]
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Alto 1.0 GL 2024.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Maruti Suzuki Alto#Third generation (2022)|Alto K10]]
| 2000 (as Alto)
| 2022
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:Suzuki S-presso 1.0 GLX Adventure 2021.jpg|199x199px]]
! [[Suzuki S-Presso|S-Presso]]
| 2019
| 2019
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:2021 Maruti Suzuki Celerio ZXi (India) front view 02.png|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Celerio|Celerio]]
| 2014
| 2021
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:2020 Maruti Suzuki Wagon R VXi (O) (India) front view.png|200x200px]]
! [[Maruti Suzuki Wagon R|Wagon R]]
| 1999
| 2019
| 2022
| Arena
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Ignis (third generation) Facelift IMG 4450.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Ignis|Ignis]]
| 2017
| 2017
| 2019
| Nexa
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Swift (2024) hybrid IMG 8820.jpg|200x200px]]
! scope="row" |[[Suzuki Swift|Swift]]
| 2005
| 2024
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:2022 Maruti Suzuki Baleno Alpha (India) front view.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)|Baleno]]
| 2015
| 2022
| —
| Nexa
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]]
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Dzire 2024 ZXI+.jpg|200x200px]]
! scope="row" |[[Suzuki Dzire|Dzire]]
| 2008 (as Swift Dzire)
| 2024
| –
| Arena
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Crossover SUV|SUV/Crossover]]
|-
| [[File:2023 Suzuki Fronx 1.2 Delta+ (India) front view.png|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Fronx|Fronx]]
| 2023
| 2023
| —
| Nexa
|-
| [[File:2022 Maruti Suzuki Brezza ZXi+ (India) front view 02.png|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Brezza|Brezza]]
| 2016 (as Vitara Brezza)
| 2022
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Victoris CBG.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Victoris|Victoris]]
| 2025
| 2025
| —
| Arena
|-
| [[File:2022 Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara Zeta Smart Hybrid (India) front view.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Grand Vitara (2022)|Grand Vitara]]
| 2022
| 2022
| —
| Nexa
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Off-road vehicle|Off-Road SUV]]
|-
| [[File:Suzuki Jimny 1.5 GLX 5-Door 2024 (1).jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Jimny|Jimny]]
| 2023
| 2023
| —
| Nexa
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Multi Purpose Vehicle|MPV]]
|-
| [[File:2022 Suzuki Ertiga GX Hybrid.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Ertiga|Ertiga]]
| 2012
| 2018
| 2022
| Arena
|-
| [[File:2023 Suzuki XL7 Zeta.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki XL6|XL6]]
| 2019
| 2019
| 2022
| Nexa
|-
|
! [[Suzuki Invicto|Invicto]]
| 2023
| 2023
| —
| Nexa
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Van]]
|-
| [[File:White Maruti Eeco 01.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Eeco|Eeco]]
| 2010
| 2010
| —
| Arena
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Pickup truck]]
|-
| [[File:2018 Suzuki Carry Futura Flat Deck 1.5 SL415 (20190826).jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki Carry#Futura|Super Carry]]
| 2016
| 2016
| —
| Maruti Suzuki Commercial
|}

====Electric vehicles====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: 55%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Model
! rowspan="2" width="20%" |Indian introduction
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Current model
! rowspan="2" width="25%" |Dealer outlet
|-
! class="unsortable" |Image
!Name
! width="20%" |Introduction
! width="20%" |Update/[[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]]
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Crossover SUV|SUV/Crossover]]
|-
| [[File:2025 Suzuki e Vitara front view.jpg|200x200px]]
! [[Suzuki e Vitara|e Vitara]]
| 2025
| 2025
| —
| Nexa
|}

===Discontinued models===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Model
! Released
! Discontinued
! Image
|-
|'''[[Maruti 800|800]]'''
|1983
|2014
|[[File:Maruti 800 first.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Omni|Omni]]'''
|1984
|2019
|[[File:Omni Lpg.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Gypsy|Gypsy E]]'''
|1985
|2000
|[[File:Maruti Gypsy.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Gypsy|Gypsy King]]'''
|1985
|2019
|[[File:Maruti jeep.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti 1000|1000]]'''
|1990
|2000
|[[File:Suzuki Swift 4door red vl.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Zen|Zen]]'''
|1993
|2006
|[[File:1993 Maruti Zen 001.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Esteem|Esteem]]'''
|1994
|2007
|[[File:Maruti Esteem VXi.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Cultus Crescent|Baleno]]'''
|1999
|2006
|[[File:99-00 Suzuki Esteem sedan.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Cultus Crescent|Baleno Altura]]'''
|2000
|2006
|[[File:Suzuki Cultus 004.JPG|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Versa|Versa]]'''
|2001
|2010
|[[File:Suzuki Every + 001.JPG|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki XL-7|Grand Vitara XL-7]]''' (imported)
|2003
|2007
|[[File:2004.suzuki.grand.vitara.2point0td.arp.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki MR Wagon|Zen Estilo]]'''
|2006
|2013
|[[File:Maruti Suzuki - ZEN ESTILO LXi (front).JPG|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Grand Vitara|Grand Vitara]]''' (imported)
|2007
|2014
|[[File:2010 Suzuki Grand Vitara Limited 3 -- 05-12-2010.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Suzuki SX4|SX4]]'''
|2007
|2014
|[[File:Suzuki SX4 sedan (NL).JPG|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Maruti Suzuki A-STAR|A-star]]'''
|2008
|2014
|[[File:2014 Suzuki Alto SZ 1.0 Front (1).jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Splash|Ritz]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Ritvik |date=2020-04-26 |title=Remembering The Maruti Suzuki Ritz: The Unstoppable Hatchback |url=https://gomechanic.in/blog/maruti-suzuki-ritz-hatchback/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=The GoMechanic Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>
|2009
|2017
|[[File:Suzuki Splash BCN2009.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Kizashi|Kizashi]]''' (imported)
|2011
|2014
|[[File:2010 Suzuki Kizashi SE 3 -- 03-13-2010.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Ciaz|Ciaz]]'''
|2014
|2025
|[[File:2020 Suzuki Ciaz RS.jpg|200x200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki SX4|S-Cross]]'''
|2015
|2022
|[[File:2018 Suzuki SX4 S-Cross SZ5 DDIS Allgrip 1.6 Front.jpg|200x200px]]
|-
|'''[[Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)|Baleno RS]]'''
|2017
|2020
|[[File:2020 Suzuki Baleno 1.4 WB52S (20220506).jpg|200px]]
|}

== Services ==
===Sales and service network===
[[File:Mallika Auto - Maruti Suzuki ARENA & NEXA Authorised Service Center in Sagara, Karnataka.jpg|alt=A daytime view of a Maruti Suzuki ARENA & NEXA authorized service center located in Sagara Karnataka, India|thumb|Maruti Suzuki Authorised Service Centre [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagara]], [[Karnataka]], India.]]
As of August 2024, Maruti Suzuki has 2,987 Arena sales outlets across 2,522 cities and 495 Nexa sales outlets across 301 cities in India.<ref name="auto"/> The company aims to increase its sales network to 4,000 outlets by 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/industry/maruti-aims-to-double-sales-network-to-4000-outlets-by-2020/articleshow/51668820.cms|title=Maruti aims to double sales network to 4,000 outlets by 2020|date=4 April 2016|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> It has 4964 service stations (defined as "touchpoints) across 2,519 cities throughout India, alongside 781 Quick Response Vehicles and 409 mobile workshops.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maruti storage new |url=http://marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net/msilintiwebimages/images_company-glance-banner.jpg |format=JPG|website=Marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> Most of the service stations are managed on franchise basis, where Maruti Suzuki trains the local staff. Also, The Express Service stations exist, sending across their repairman to the vehicle if it is away from a normal service center.<ref>5 Paise Stock Broking's report on Maruti Udyog Limited before the IPO (.pdf file) {{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/sect/maru.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219060244/http://www.indiainfoline.com/sect/maru.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marutisuzuki.com/our-network.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520144759/http://www.marutisuzuki.com/our-network.aspx |archive-date=20 May 2012}}</ref>
In 2015, Maruti Suzuki launched Nexa, a new dealership network for its premium cars which stands for New Exclusive Automotive Experience.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nexaexperience.com/about-nexa.html |title=About Us | NEXA Experience |access-date=7 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008061558/http://www.nexaexperience.com/about-nexa.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Maruti Suzuki currently sells [[Fronx]], [[Suzuki Baleno|Baleno]], [[Suzuki Grand Vitara (2022)|Grand Vitara]], [[Maruti Ertiga|XL6]], [[Suzuki Ciaz|Ciaz]], [[Suzuki Ignis|Ignis]] and [[Suzuki Jimny#fourth generation (2018)|Jimny]] through Nexa outlets.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Desk|first=Internet|title=Ignis: a premium hatchback for millennials from Maruti|language=en|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/Ignis-a-premium-hatchback-for-millennials-from-Maruti/article17033890.ece|access-date=2017-02-26}}</ref> S-Cross was the first car to be sold through Nexa outlets. The company recently achieved a milestone of selling 1.5 million cars from over 350 dealerships across the country and is the third largest automobile retail channel of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net/nexaexperience/maruti-suzuki-launches-NEXA-a-new-premium-automotive-experience.pdf|title=Maruti Suzuki launches NEXA: A New Premium Automotive Experience : Relationship Managers, Digital-enabled customer care and Showroom Design are among high points|website=Marutistoragenew.blob.core.windows.net|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>

===Maruti Insurance===
Launched in 2002 Maruti Suzuki provides vehicle insurance to its customers with the help of the [[National Insurance Company]], [[Bajaj Finserv|Bajaj Allianz]], [[New India Assurance]] and [[Royal Sundaram General Insurance|Royal Sundaram]]. The service was set up the company with the inception of two subsidiaries Maruti Insurance Distributors Services Pvt. Ltd and Maruti Insurance Brokers Pvt. Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/05/11/stories/2002051101531800.htm |title=The Hindu : Maruti launches car insurance |date=27 May 2005 |website= |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527233446/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/05/11/stories/2002051101531800.htm |archive-date=27 May 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

This service started as a benefit or value addition to customers and was able to ramp up easily. By December 2005 they were able to sell more than two million insurance policies since its inception.<ref>The Hindu Business Line Sunday, 18 December 2005 -Maruti Insurance ramps up sales [http://www.blonnet.com/iw/2005/12/18/stories/2005121800831501.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111109/http://www.blonnet.com/iw/2005/12/18/stories/2005121800831501.htm|date=29 September 2007}}</ref>

===Maruti Finance===
To promote its bottom line growth, Maruti Suzuki launched Maruti Finance in January 2002. Prior to the start of this service Maruti Suzuki had started two joint ventures Citicorp Maruti and Maruti Countrywide with Citi Group and GE Countrywide respectively to assist its client in securing loan.<ref name="72.14.207.104">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prdomain.com/companies/m/maruti_udyog/news_releases/pr_maruti_nr_20020107.htm|title=Maruti launches venture for car finance|date=18 November 2004|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041118114638/http://www.prdomain.com/companies/m/maruti_udyog/news_releases/pr_maruti_nr_20020107.htm|archive-date=18 November 2004}}</ref> Maruti Suzuki tied up with [[ABN AMRO|ABN Amro Bank]], [[HDFC Bank]], [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] Limited, [[Kotak Mahindra Bank|Kotak Mahindra]], [[Standard Chartered|Standard Chartered Bank]], and [[Sundaram Finance|Sundaram]] to start this venture including its strategic partners in car finance. Again the company entered into a strategic partnership with [[State Bank of India|SBI]] in March 2003<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blonnet.com/bline/2003/03/15/stories/2003031500381300.htm |title=The Hindu Business Line : SBI ties up with Maruti for car loans |access-date=16 February 2006 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111258/http://www.blonnet.com/bline/2003/03/15/stories/2003031500381300.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since March 2003, Maruti has sold over 12,000 vehicles through SBI-Maruti Finance. SBI-Maruti Finance is currently available in 166 cities across India.<ref>Retail Yatra. Com, 8 August 2003 -Maruti Suzuki, State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur join hands for car financing Jaipur {{cite web|url=http://www.retailyatra.info/PageDetails.asp?Cat_Id%3D1%26SubCat_ID%3D52%26Page_ID%3D876 |title=Retailyatra.info |access-date=2006-02-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009185223/http://www.retailyatra.info/PageDetails.asp?Cat_Id=1&SubCat_ID=52&Page_ID=876 |archive-date=9 October 2007}}</ref>

Citicorp Maruti Finance Limited is a joint venture between Citicorp Finance India and Maruti Udyog Limited its primary business stated by the company is "hire-purchase financing of Maruti Suzuki vehicles". Citi Finance India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, [[Delaware]], which in turn is a 100% wholly owned subsidiary of Citibank N.A. Citi Finance India Limited holds 74% of the stake and Maruti Suzuki holds the remaining 26%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/26/stories/0626000h.htm |title=The Hindu : Citicorp Maruti Finance gets P1 plus |date=22 January 2002 |website= |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020122084858/http://hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/26/stories/0626000h.htm |archive-date=22 January 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> GE Capital, HDFC and Maruti Suzuki came together in 1995 to form Maruti Countrywide. Maruti claims that its finance program offers most competitive interest rates to its customers, which are lower by 0.25% to 0.5% from the market rates.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jebin |first1=Nujhat |title=MARUTI Institutional Ownership - MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD. Stock |url=https://fintel.io/so/in/maruti |website=Fintel.io |language=en}}</ref>

===Maruti TrueValue===
Maruti True service offered by Maruti Suzuki to its customers. It is a marketplace for used Maruti Suzuki Vehicles. One can buy, sell or exchange used Maruti or non-Maruti vehicles with the help of this service in India. As of 10 August 2017 there are 1,190 outlets across 936 cities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/maruti-suzuki-pep-true-value-pre-owned-car-biz-plans-revamp-expansion-25740|title=Maruti Suzuki to pep up True Value pre-owned car biz, plans revamp and expansion|website=Autocarpro.in}}</ref>

===N2N Fleet Management===
N2N is the short form of ''End to End Fleet Management'' and provides lease and fleet management to corporates. Clients who have signed up of this service include [[GAIL|Gas Authority of India Ltd]], [[DuPont]], [[Reckitt Benckiser]], [[Doordarshan]], Singer India, [[National Stock Exchange of India]] and Transworld. This fleet management service include Leasing, Maintenance, Convenience services and Remarketing.<ref>Writeup about the [http://www.binarysemantics.com/casestudies_maruti-management.htm Maruti N2N Fleet Management Solution] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021025058/http://www.binarysemantics.com/casestudies_maruti-management.htm |date=21 October 2006 }}</ref>

===Maruti Accessories===
Many of the auto component companies, other than Maruti Suzuki, started to offer compatible components and accessories. This caused a serious threat and loss of revenue to Maruti Suzuki. Maruti Suzuki started a new initiative under the brand name ''Maruti Genuine Accessories'' to offer accessories like alloy wheels, body cover, carpets, door visors, fog lamps, stereo systems, seat covers and other car care products. These products are sold through dealer outlets and authorized service stations throughout India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marutiudyog.com/bp/mga.asp?ch=2&ct=10&sc=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421080921/http://www.marutiudyog.com/bp/mga.asp?ch=2&ct=10&sc=1|url-status=dead|title=Maruti Genuine Accessories|archive-date=21 April 2005}}</ref>

===Maruti Suzuki Driving School===
[[File:Maruti Suzuki driving school.jpg|thumb|265x265px|A Maruti Driving School in [[Chennai]]]]
As part of its corporate social responsibility Maruti Suzuki launched the Maruti Driving School in Delhi. Later the services were extended to other cities of India as well. These schools are modelled on international standards, where learners go through classroom and practical sessions. Many international practices like road behavior and attitudes are also taught in these schools. Before driving actual vehicles participants are trained on simulators.<ref>Deccan Herald, Online edition of Sunday, 20 March 2007 "Maruti Suzuki's first driving school in Bangalore"{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar202005/b1.asp |title=Maruti's first driving school in Bangalore - Deccan Herald |access-date=2006-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327173757/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar202005/b1.asp |archive-date=27 March 2006}}</ref>

At the launch ceremony for the school [[Jagdish Khattar]] stated "We are very concerned about mounting deaths on Indian roads. These can be brought down if government, industry and the voluntary sector work together in an integrated manner. But we felt that Maruti should first do something in this regard and hence this initiative of Maruti Driving Schools."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/mul-sets-up-driving-school-in-bangalore/article27334473.ece|title=MUL sets up driving school in Bangalore|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 March 2005}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company, has ranked Maruti Suzuki in the thirty seventh position in 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2013.htm |title=India's Most Trusted Brands 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828143802/http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2013.htm |archive-date=28 August 2013 }}</ref> and ninth position in 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2019.html|title=2019|website=Trustadvisory.info|access-date=5 March 2022}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> among the most trusted brands of India. It received the Gold Recognition at LACP 2020/21 Vision Awards,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Sharmistha |date=2022-03-07 |title=Maruti Suzuki receives gold recognition at the prestigious LACP 2020/21 Vision Awards |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/cars-uvs/maruti-suzuki-receives-gold-recognition-at-the-prestigious-lacp-2020/21-vision-awards/articleshow/90059146.cms |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Open Innovation Leader Award (2023),<ref name="Awards - Maruti Suzuki Innovation">{{Cite web |title=Awards - Maruti Suzuki Innovation |url=https://www.marutisuzukiinnovation.com/awards |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=marutisuzukiinnovation |language=en}}</ref> Best Innovative Company of the Year (2023),<ref name="Awards - Maruti Suzuki Innovation"/> and Best Use of AI in Customer Service (2023).<ref name="Awards - Maruti Suzuki Innovation"/>

==References and notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.marutisuzuki.com Official page]

{{Maruti Suzuki India Limited}}
{{Suzuki vehicles}}
{{Maruti Suzuki Timeline}}
{{Cars in India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{BSE Sensex}}
{{S&P CNX Nifty companies}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Suzuki]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Formerly government-owned companies of India]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:BSE SENSEX]]
[[Category:NIFTY 50]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Gurcharan Das

2026-01-23T10:31:24Z

BabulHossainjoy: basic updated page per standard format and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|Indian author|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Speaking podium latest.jpg
| image_size =
| name = Gurcharan Das
| caption = Gurcharan Das
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1943|10|03}}
| birth_place = [[Lyallpur]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| occupation = Author
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Gurcharan Das''' (born 3 October 1943) is an Indian author who wrote a trilogy based on the classical Indian goals of the ideal life.<ref>The three volumes have been published in English by Penguin Random House: India Unbound in 2000, The Difficulty of Being Good in 2008, and Kama: The Riddle of Desire in 2018. India Unbound was also published in the US by Knopf and in the UK by Profile Books in 2002. The Difficulty of Being Good was published in the US by Oxford University Press. The books have also been translated into many languages.</ref><ref name="PrasadRukhaiyar2003">{{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=Amar Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2IuJ9qgRq-YC&pg=PA146 |title=Studies in Indian English fiction and poetry |last2=Rukhaiyar |first2=U. S. |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-368-0 |pages=146– |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="Economist_2024">{{Cite news |title=Gurcharan Das on why it's lonely being an Indian liberal |url=https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2024/03/19/gurcharan-das-on-why-its-lonely-being-an-indian-liberal |date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2025-10-20 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613|language=EN |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dilemma of an Indian Liberal |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/podcasts/grand-tamasha/the-dilemma-of-an-indian-liberal?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |language=en}}</ref>

''India Unbound'' was the first volume (2002), on artha, 'material well-being', which narrated the story of India's economic rise from Independence to the global information age. Published in many languages and filmed by [[BBC]],<ref name="BBC Television 2003">BBC Television: India Business Report: The Road Ahead, 9 March 2003, 11 am and 10 pm</ref> it was called "a quiet earthquake" by the Guardian.<ref>The Guardian, London, 10 June 2002.</ref> The second, ''The Difficulty of Being Good'', is on dharma or 'moral well-being', and is "rich with learned musings on the epic, Mahabharata and its moral dilemmas"<ref>William Dalrymple, Financial Times, London, 24 September 2010</ref> that speak to our day to day contemporary life. ''Kama: The Riddle of Desire'' is on the third goal of desire, and recounts a tale of "love and vulnerability, about self-doubt and betrayal, about wanting more of everything and being haunted by settling for less."<ref>Arshia Sattar, 'Infinite Passions', Open Magazine, 5 October 2018.</ref>

Das graduated with honours from [[Harvard University]] in Philosophy. He had later attended [[Harvard Business School]] (AMP), where he is featured in three case studies. He was CEO of [[Procter & Gamble|Procter & Gamble India]] and later managing director, Procter & Gamble Worldwide (Strategic Planning). At age 50, he took early retirement to become a full-time writer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Another Sort of Freedom: Book Talk with Gurcharan Das • The Lakshmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute |url=https://mittalsouthasiainstitute.harvard.edu/event/another-kind-of-freedom-book-talk-with-gurcharan-das/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Lakshmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Veterans Unpacked {{!}} Gurcharan Das: 'Make a life, not just a living' |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/veterans-unpacked-gurcharan-das-make-a-life-not-just-a-living-6832771.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230204225100/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/veterans-unpacked-gurcharan-das-make-a-life-not-just-a-living-6832771.html |archive-date=2023-02-04 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref>

Das is a regular columnist for [[The Times of India]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/men-and-ideas/who-are-we-indians-genetics-is-bringing-bad-news-for-the-politics-of-identity-we-are-all-migrants/|title=Who are we Indians? Genetics is bringing bad news for the politics of identity: We are all migrants|date=23 February 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Gurcharan|last=Das|accessdate=16 February 2020}}</ref> and five Indian language newspapers in Hindi, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, and Gujarati.<ref>The five Indian language newspapers are Dainik Bhaskar (Hindi), Eenadu (Telugu), Lokmat (Marathi), Hindu (Tamil), Divya Bhaskar (Gujarati).</ref> He also contributes periodically to [[Financial Times]], [[Foreign Affairs]], [[Wall Street Journal]], and the New York Times. Aside from the trilogy, his other literary works include a novel, A Fine Family, two book length essays, India Grows at Nights: A Liberal Case for a Strong State, The Elephant Paradigm, and an anthology, Three English Plays.<ref>All of the books of Gurcharan Das are currently in print, published by Penguin Random House India. The years of publication are: A Fine Family (1990), India Grows at Nights: A Liberal Case for a Strong State (2012), The Elephant Paradigm (2004), and an anthology, Three English Plays (2011).</ref>

== Early life ==
Gurcharan Das was born in [[Faisalabad|Lyallpur]], British India (now Faisalabad, Pakistan).<ref name=":0" /> He was named Ashok Kumar but was renamed at age three and half years old.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiEpuCeNERg |title=The Difficulty of Being Good |date=2010-11-08 |last=Emory University |access-date=2025-12-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> His father was an engineer with the government of Punjab. The family lived in Lahore at the time of the [[partition of India]] in August 1947 when they had to flee for their lives. They arrived as refugees in [[Shimla]], and this is where the young boy grew up. His father was a passionate mystic and meditated for many hours a day and the boy was raised in an atmosphere charged with Bhakti mysticism. His partially autobiographical novel, A Fine Family, sheds some light on his early life.<ref>A Fine Family, Penguin Books India: Delhi, 1990.</ref>

In 1952, the family moved to Bhakra Nangal; in 1953, to Delhi, where he went to Modern School. In 1955, his father was transferred to Washington DC, to represent India in talks with Pakistan on the sharing of the waters of the rivers of the Punjab, mediated by the World Bank. He went to high school in [[Washington D.C.]] In 1959, he won a scholarship to Harvard University.<ref>The Washington Post, 'Boy on Visit from India Stays to Excel at School, 3 June 1959.</ref> He graduated from Harvard in 1963 with honours in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. He wrote his senior thesis under the political philosopher, [[John Rawls]], who had a great influence on his life. Harvard later elected him to [[Phi Beta Kappa]] for "high attainments in liberal scholarship."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Sherryl Sanjay |date=2024-10-03 |title=Gurcharan Das: A Literary Navigator Through India's Soul |url=https://www.thetalentedindian.com/gurcharan-das-a-literary-navigator-through-indias-soul/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Talented Indian |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Corporate career ==
Instead of accepting a fellowship to do a doctorate in philosophy at the [[University of Oxford]], Gurcharan Das returned home to India. Just before coming back, Das wrote in a letter to his mother that he "just could not imagine living the rest of my life at that stratosphere of abstract thought."<ref>Letter of Gurcharan Das to his mother dated August 1963.</ref> While waiting to decide what he wanted to do with his life, he got a job as a trainee in a company that made Vicks Vaporub. He soon discovered that he liked the rough and tumble of the business life "and like the man who came to dinner, I stayed on."<ref>The Statesman, New Delhi, 22 July 1970.</ref>

Gurcharan Das rose to become the managing director and Chairman of Richardson Hindustan Limited. Before that he spent two summers at Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program, where he is featured in three case studies.<ref>.1) Harvard Business School, 0-385-176, 1984, 'Richardson Hindustan Limited', by Professor Francis J. Aguilar; Harvard Business School, N 9-388-083, 1988, Gurcharan Das: A Career Under Management Assessment.</ref> In 1985, his parent company, Richardson Vicks was acquired by Procter and Gamble and he became the first CEO of Procter & Gamble India and vice-president for Procter & Gamble Far East from 1985 and 1992. He then moved headquarters to become vice-president and managing director, Procter & Gamble Worldwide, responsible for global strategic planning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Gurcharan Das kissed everybody, and solved the problem |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2023/11/18/indian-author-gurcharan-das-relives-his-extraordinary-life-and-finds-new-meanings-that-define-him.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

At the end of 1994, after a 30-year career in six countries, he took early retirement to become a full-time writer. Before leaving he wrote, 'Local Memoirs of a Global Manager in [[Harvard Business Review]].<ref>Harvard Business Review, March–April 1993</ref>

He has joined a Bangalore-based edtech company, BrightCHAMPS as an advisor on their Global Curriculum Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BrightCHAMPS establishes Global Curriculum Advisory Board |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/brightchamps-establishes-global-curriculum-advisory-board/2901309/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Financialexpress |date=5 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=News – Insurance |url=https://news.paperwriter.ca/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Literary career and books ==

Gurcharan Das began his writing career as a "weekend writer". In his twenties, he wrote three plays, which were published together as an anthology, titled ''Three English Plays'', by [[Oxford University Press]] in 2001 and later re-published as ''Three Plays'' by Penguin India in 2011.

At age 23, he wrote his first play, ''Larins Sahib'', which won the Sultan Padamsee Prize in 1968.<ref>The Times of India, 24 November 1968</ref> It was produced by the Theatre Group in Bombay in 1969, published by Oxford University Press in the UK in 1970, and later presented at the Edinburgh Festival in 1991.<ref>Indian Express, 'Edinburgh Bound', 8 October 1991</ref> A historical play about the British in India, it is set during the confused period after the death of Ranjit Singh in the Punjab with a focus on an unusual Englishman in India named Henry Lawrence.

His second play, ''Mira''—a "rite of Krishna for five actor-dancers" – explores what it means for a human being to become a saint through the story of [[Mirabai]], the sixteen-century Rajput princess-poet. It premiered at the La Mama Theatre in 1970 to much critical acclaim. [[Clive Barnes]] of the New York Times wrote, "Remarkable in the way it combines Indian legend with the sophistication of Western total theater…''Mira'' has the quality of a dream ritual."<ref>Clive Barnes, 'Mira': La Mama's India Play', The New York Times, 3 June 1970.</ref> It was produced in Bombay by Alaque Padmsee and was called "a major artistic achievement of immense merit and supreme significance to the re-blossoming of theatre in India" <ref>The Times of India, Bombay, 'Mira; Major Artistic Achievement', 8 March 1972.</ref>

He wrote a third play also in his twenties. 9 ''Jakhoo Hill'' is set in the autumn of 1962 in Shimla. "During the autumn of discontent of a once-wealthy family [9 Jakhoo Hill] broods over better days…on the hold that mothers have over their sons…a family coming down in the world…remnants of the Raj, disillusionment with politics. Sixties? The script is here and now."<ref>India Today, Gurcharan Das' 9 Jakhoo Hill, 19 March 2001</ref> It has been performed in major Indian cities.

In the midst of a corporate career in his thirties, Gurcharan Das also wrote a novel, A Fine Family, which follows the stories of several generations of a Punjabi family, beginning with the Partition. It was published by Penguin in 1990. The Hindu called it "a worthy addition to the body of fiction that deals with the anguish and bitter memories of one of the most sorrowful disasters in recorded history,"<ref>K.C. Nambiar, The Hindu, Trauma of Partition and Emergency, 24 July 1990</ref> and India Today said, "The canvas is broad and the scope enormous. But Das' success lies in making people ordinary without making them dull…A Fine Family shines because of its simplicity."<ref>[[Salil Tripathi]], India Today, 15 March 1990</ref>

Gurcharan Das turned to non-fiction when he became a full-time writer in 1995 and began to write a regular column in the Times of India. He travelled for four months in 1995 and out these travels emerged a 20-page cover essay, 'A Million Reformers' about how the reforms were changing India.<ref>'The cover essay appeared in Business World in its 27 December 1995 – 7 January 1996 issue.</ref> From this essay grew his first major non-fiction work, ''India Unbound'', the story of the economic and social transformation of India from Independence to the global information age.<ref>First published in English by Penguin Random House in 2000, India Unbound was also published in the US by Knopf and in the UK by Profile Books in 2002. The book has been translated into many languages.</ref> Amartya Sen called it, "a wonderful book…a great mixture of memoir, economic analysis, social investigation, political scrutiny and managerial outlook thrown into an understanding of India."<ref>Talk at the Nehru Centre, London, 7 May 2002.</ref> The New York Times wrote, "Something tremendous is happening in India, and Das, with his keen eye and often elegant prose, has his finger firmly on the pulse of the transformation."<ref>The New York Times, book review on India Unbound, 25 March 2001.</ref> The book has been published in many languages and filmed by BBC,<ref name="BBC Television 2003"/>

India Unbound was followed in 2002 by a book of essays, ''[[The Elephant Paradigm|The Elephant Paradigm: India wrestles with change]]''. It recounted the "story of an ancient civilization's reawakening to the spirit and potential of its youth", arguing that "India may not roar like the Asian tigers, it will advance like a wise elephant, moving steadily but surely."<ref>Gurcharan Das, The Elephant Paradigm: India Wrestles with Change, 2002, Penguin India</ref> A decade later, Gurcharan Das returned to the theme of India's rise, confessing wryly that 'India grows at night when the government sleeps'. In India ''Grows at Night: A liberal case for a strong state'', he argued that India's is a story of private success and public failure and it is rising despite the state. In this book, which was rated as one of the best books of 2013 by London's Financial Times, he offers significant governance reforms so that 'India can grow during the day.' <ref>'Books of the Year', Financial Times, London, 29 November 2013, 27 June 2013.</ref>

Prosperity had, indeed, begun to spread in India, as ''India Unbound'' predicted, but so had corruption and Gurcharan Das turned to the ancient epic, Mahabharata, to understand role of dharma or 'doing the right thing' in our lives in [[The Difficulty of Being Good: On the Subtle Art of Dharma|''The Difficulty of Being Good: On the subtle art of dharma''.]]<ref>Published by Allen Lane through Penguin India, Delhi 2009; Oxford University Press, New York 2009</ref> "It is one of the best things I have read about the contribution of great literature to ethical thought," said Martha Nussbaum.

Having written about ''artha'' and ''dharma'', Gurcharan Das turned to the third aim of life in ''Kama: The Riddle of Desire'', and discovered that if ''dharma'' is 'our duty to others', ''kama'' is a 'duty to ourselves'.<ref>Gurcharan Das, Kama: The Riddle of Desire, first published in Allen Lane by Penguin Random House India, Delhi, 2018.</ref> The dilemma often is whether to betray the other or oneself. This fictional memoir narrates a philosophical journey "creating a sense of enchantment, using memory as a device to summon the many forms of desire that play upon the mind [thus] entering an imagined world of beauty."<ref>Geeta Doctor, in The Hindu, 11 November 2018.</ref>

Gurcharan Das is also general editor of a fifteen-volume series, The Story of Indian Business (Penguin), which "mines great ideas in business and economics that have shaped commerce in the bazaars and high seas of the Indian Ocean. Leading scholars examine historical texts, inscriptions and records and interpret them in a lively, sharp authoritative manner. Beginning with the ancient ''Arthashastra: The Science of Wealth'', it narrates tales of trade over two thousand years, including the story of The East India Company: The World's Most Powerful Corporation, and The Marwaris."<ref>The Story Of Indian Business, edited by Gurcharan Das, various authors, Penguin Random House India, Delhi, 2012 – 2018</ref>

== Books authored ==

* [[The Elephant Paradigm]]
* [[India Unbound]]
* [[The Dilemma of an Indian Liberal]]
* [[The Difficulty of Being Good]]

== Academic articles on Gurcharan Das ==
* Bhargava, Rajul. Ed. ''Indian Writing in English: The Last Decade''. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2002.
* Das, Bijay Kumar. ''Postmodern Indian English Literature''. 2003. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2010.
* ''Critical Essays on Post-Colonial Literature''. 1997. Rev. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2007.
* Dass, Veena Noble and R.K.Dhawan. ''Fiction of the Nineties''. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1994.
* Iyengar, Srinivasa K.R. ''Indian Writing in English''. 1962. Rev. ed. 18th Rpt. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. 2009.
* Kirpal, Viney. Ed. ''The Postmodern Indian English Novel: Interrogating the 1980s and 1990s''. Bombay: Allied Publishers Ltd., 1996.
* Ed. ''The New Indian Novel in English: A Study of The 1980s''. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Limited, 1990.
* Kulkarni, Vibhati Vasantrao, Gurcharan Das: A Writer of Globalized Indian Culture Indian Streams Research Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2013, {{ISSN|2230-7850}}
* Kumar, T. Vijay, Meenakshi Mukherjee, Harish Trivedi and C. Vijaysree. Ed. ''Focus India: Postcolonial Narratives of the Nation''. New Delhi: Pencraft International, 2007.
* Mukherjee, Meenakshi. ''Realism And Reality: The Novel and Society in India''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1993.
* ''The Twice Born Fiction: Themes and Techniques of the Indian Novel in English''. New
* Naik, M.K. ''20th Century Indian English Fiction''. New Delhi. Pencraft International, 2004
* ''A History of Indian English Literature''. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1980.
* Naik, M.K. and Shyamala A. Narayan. ''Indian English Literature 1980 to 2000: A Critical Survey''. Delhi: Pencraft International, 2001.
* Nanavati, U.M. and Prafulla C.Kar. Ed. ''Rethinking Indian English Literature''. New Delhi: Pencraft International, 2000.
* Roy, Pinaki, 'Against Eurocentrism: A Postcolonial Re-reading of Gurcharan Das's ''Larins Sahib''', in ''Unmasking Power: Subjectivity and Resistance in Indian Drama in English'' (eds. J. Sarkar and A. Bhattacharya), [[Guwahati: Papyrus]], 2014, {{ISBN|978-93-81287-40-8}}, pp. 101–21.
* Rukhaiyar, U.S. and Amar Nath Prasad. Ed. ''Studies in Indian English Fiction and Poetry''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2003.
* Shetty, Amrita. "Tuned to a Fine Pitch". Rev. of ''A Fine Family'', by Gurcharan Das. ''Indian Review Of Books'' 9.9. (16 June 2000 - 15 July 2000): 30–31.
* V.K. Shrotriya, 'Review of Gurcharan Das, ''India Grows at Night', The NEHU Journal, Vol XI, No. 2, July 2013''
* Shukla, Sheobhusan and Anu Shukla. Ed. ''Studies in Contemporary Literature: Indian English Novel in the 90s''. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2002.
* Valiyamattam, Rositta Joseph. "The Family and The Nation: Critiquing Gurcharan Das' ''A Fine Family''" (''The Quest -A Peer-Reviewed International Literary Journal'', Silver Jubilee Issue, Vol.25.No.2., Dec 2011, pp. 94–102). {{ISSN|0971-2321}}
* "The Non-fiction of Gurcharan Das: Narrating the Nation in Post-colonial Times" (''Indian English Prose and Poetry: New Perspectives'' – Proceedings of UGC Sponsored National Seminar, 6th and 7th Dec.2012, Dept. Of English, Midnapore College, West Bengal, Publ. by Amritalok Sahitya Parishad, Mar.2013, pp. 138–149). {{ISBN|((81-89635-69-X))}}.
* "A Nation Needs A Moral Core: Interview with Gurcharan Das" (''The Quest - An International Literary Journal'', Vol.27.No.1, June 2013, pp. 10–17). {{ISSN|0971-2321}}
*Valiyamattam, Rositta Joseph. "Confrontations with Neo-Colonialism in Indian English Novels of the 90s: Gurcharan Das, Rohinton Mistry and Arundhati Roy" in the anthology ''Postcolonial Approaches to Literature: Text, Context, Theory'' edited by Subashish Bhattacharjee, Saikat Guha and Mandika Sinha, North Bengal University, AuthorsPress, New Delhi, 2015, pp. 228 – 243. {{ISBN|978-93-5207-118-0}}.
* ''Personal and National Destinies in Independent India: A Study of Selected Indian English novels''. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK, 2019

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Books}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Gurcharan}}
[[Category:Indian business writers]]
[[Category:Indian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:People from Faisalabad]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Mount Pandim

2026-01-08T20:08:32Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Mountain in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Pandim
| photo = Mount_Pandim.jpg
| photo_caption = West face of Mount Pandim, viewed from Prek Chu valley
| elevation_m = 6691
| elevation_ref = <ref name=pb>{{cite peakbagger |pid=12835 |name=Pandim |accessdate=2010-03-13}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 1762
| prominence_ref = <ref name=peaklist>{{cite web|url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/everest.html|title=Bhutan Himalayas Ultra-prominences|publisher=peaklist.org|accessdate=2010-03-13}}</ref>
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| map = India
| map_caption = India
| label_position = left
| location = [[Sikkim]], [[India]]
| range = [[Himalayas]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27|34|39|N|88|12|57|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name=peaklist/>
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Mount Pandim''' is a [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] [[mountain]] located in [[Sikkim]], [[India]]. It has an elevation of {{convert|6691|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.

Pandim appears throughout the trekking trail for [[Goecha La]], starting from Dzongri. It is also one of the prominently seen mountains from Dzongri top and gets closer to the trekking trail as we move towards Goecha La.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Gallery ==
<div style="max-width: 480px;">
<gallery mode=slideshow>
File:Mount Pandim WLB IMG 1738.jpg|East aspect
File:Mount Pandim WLB IMG 1653.jpg|East aspect
File:Mt. Pandim, Sikkim.jpg|Mt. Pandiim as seen from Lamune Camp Site
</gallery>
</div>

==See also==
* [[List of ultras of the Himalayas]]

==Notes==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandim, Mount}}
[[Category:Mountains of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Six-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia]]

{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}

Bhojunda Stromatolite Park

2026-01-06T13:20:00Z

BabulHossainjoy: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Infobox protected area
| name = Bhojunda Stromatolite Park
| image =
| caption =
| location = Near Bhojunda village, [[Chittaurgarh district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Chittaurgarh]]
| area = 8 acres
| established = 1976
| designation = [[National Geological Monument]]
| administrator = [[Geological Survey of India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.861|N|74.596|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Bhojunda Stromatolite Park''' is located near Bhojunda village which is about 6 km south-west of Chittaurgarh city in Rajasthan, India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS/page17/pageGEOTOURISM/page1404?_afrLoop=3506421240728385&_adf.ctrl-state=ssso4uz76_1#!@@?_afrLoop=3506421240728385&_adf.ctrl-state=ssso4uz76_5|title=GeoTourism Stromatolite|website=www.gsi.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-07-23}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VU69BAAAQBAJ&dq=Bhojunda+Stromatolite+Park%2C&pg=PA233|title=Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: General Background and Ecology of Vertebrates|last1=Sharma|first1=B. K.|last2=Kulshreshtha|first2=Seema|last3=Rahmani|first3=Asad R.|date=2013-09-14|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781461408000|language=en}}</ref> It is spread across 8 acres on either side of the Chittaurgarh-Udaipur state highway.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It was declared as a National Geological Monument in 1976 by GSI.

== About ==
Bhojunda stromatolite park is an exposure inside the Bhagwanpura Limestone of the Lower Vindhyan range.<ref name=":0" /> They are formed by blue-green algae which forms a mat by attracting and bonding carbonate particles through their filaments into stratiform, columnar and nodular structures in carbonate rocks.<ref name=":0" /> Stromatolites are an indication of the earliest form of life on earth and is formed by a combination of life activity, sediment trapping and binding activity of algae and bacteria.<ref name=":0" /> They generally form in shallow water.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Parks in India]]
[[Category:National Geological Monuments in India]]

Hisar–Hyderabad Weekly Express

2025-12-31T11:07:23Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hisar–Hyderabad Weekly Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|07|10}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Hisar Junction}} (HSR)
| stops = 50
| end = {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}} (HYB)
| distance = {{convert|2352|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 41h 10m
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 1 tier, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General, Pantry Car, Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 17020/17019
| speed = {{convert|52.3|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Hisar–Hyderabad Weekly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[South Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Hisar Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}} in India. It is currently being operated with 17020/17019 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/special-trains-to-mumbai/article17438635.ece | title=SCR special trains from Mumbai | date=10 March 2017 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=21 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=8630&did=1488959639346ABFA1ACF512C57599048095399E348F5.web107 Hyderabad-Ajmer Weekly Express Train Service Extended up to Jaipur]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/SCR-seeks-MPLADs-CSR-funds-for-improving-amenities/article14493688.ece SCR seeks MPLADs, CSR funds for improving amenities]</ref>

== Service==

The 17019/Hisar–Hyderabad Weekly Express has an average speed of 49 km/h and covers 2352 km in 41h 10m. The 17020/Hyderabad–Hisar Weekly Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 2352 km in 39h 10m. This Train connects Rajasthan with [[Shirdi]]

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Hisar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Siwani}}
* {{stnlnk|Sadulpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Loharu Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Chirawa}}
* {{stnlnk|Jhunjhunu}}
* {{stnlnk|Nawalgarh}}
* {{stnlnk|Sikar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ringas Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jaipur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Phulera Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kishangarh}}
* {{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhilwara}}
* {{stnlnk|Chittaurgarh Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nimach}}
* {{stnlnk|Mandsor}}
* {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ujjain Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalna}}
* {{stnlnk|Parbhani Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}}
* {{stnlnk|Secunderabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with a max speed of 130 kmph. The train consists of 27 coaches:

* 1 AC I Tier
* 3 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 12 Sleeper coaches
* 2 General Unreserved
* 2 EOG
* 1 High Capacity Parcel Van (HCPV)

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by an [[Diesel Loco Shed, Guntakal]] [[WDM 3A]] based diesel locomotive from Hisar to Hyderabad and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==

The train has 2 dedicated rake

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction 2 times:

* {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Purna Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Jaipur Junction railway station]]
* [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station]]
* [[Hyderabad–Raxaul Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/8992 17019/Jaipur - Hyderabad Weekly Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/18489 17020/Hyderabad - Jaipur Weekly Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaipur-Hyderabad Weekly Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Transport in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2012]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Raja Bahadur Venkatarama Reddy Education Society Boys Hostel

2025-12-13T08:20:23Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{moresources|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2018}}

'''Raja Bahadur Venkatarama Reddy Education Society Boys Hostel''' popularly known as '''Reddy Hostel''' is an independent [[hostel|boys hostel]] located in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]. It was established in 1918 by philanthropist, [[Raja Bahadur Venkatarama Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/240817/raja-bahadur-venkata-rama-reddy-made-education-affordable-in-hyderabad.html|title = Raja Bahadur Venkata Rama Reddy made education affordable in Hyderabad|date = 24 August 2017}}</ref> It was the first hostel established in Hyderabad State for non-local students.

==History==
The hostel was started in the year 1918 during the reign of last Nizam of Hyderabad State, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] by Raja Bahadur Venakta Rama Reddy, a civil servant and philanthropist. Reddy Hostel library has a collection of old and new books.

==Notable alumni==
* [[P V Narasimha Rao]] - former prime minister of India
* [[Raavi Narayan Reddy]] - revolutionary activist
* [[Sujith Reddy]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.rbvrres.com Official site]

{{morecat|date=September 2024}}
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]

Arzoo Govitrikar

2025-11-22T16:56:52Z

BabulHossainjoy: refine section further for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian model and actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arzoo Govitrikar
| image = File:Arzoo_Govitrikar_at_the_launch_of_Watch_Time%27s_magazine_09.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Arzoo Govitrikar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Panvel]], Raigad, [[Maharashtra]] India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model|}}
| height_m =
| years_active = 2001–2017, 2020–2024
| parents =
| spouse = {{marriage|Siddharth Sabharwal|2010|2019|reason=divorced}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Aditi Govitrikar]] (sister), Alpan Govitrikar (brother)
| website =
| awards =
}}

'''Arzoo Govitrikar''' is an Indian model and actress who appeared in film and television.

== Personal life ==
Arzoo Govitrikar was born in [[Panvel]], [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Maharashtra]] in a [[Chitpavan]] Brahmin family and raised in [[Mumbai]]. Arzoo studied electronics and telecommunications engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060730/spectrum/main4.htm |website=The Tribune |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> Her elder sister [[Aditi Govitrikar]] is an actress and model.

She married Siddharth Sabharwal, who works in his family business, and lives in Mumbai and they have a son called Aashman. On 19 February 2019, Arzoo filed a domestic violence case against her husband and sought divorce and custody of their son.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/naagin-actress-arzoo-govitrikar-accuses-husband-of-domestic-violence-files-a-police-complaint-1471377-2019-03-06 |title=Naagin actress Arzoo Govitrikar accuses husband of domestic violence, files a police complaint |date=6 March 2019 |language=en |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>

==Career==

Despite her engineering background, her sister [[Aditi Govitrikar]] influenced her to change careers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/face-to-face-with-arzoo-govitrikar/ |title=Face to Face with Arzoo Govitrikar |date=6 August 2010 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> so she appeared as a model in some commercials and acted in the Malayalam movie [[Kakkakuyil]] (2001).{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} Later she appeared in other films and the TV shows ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjani Si]]'' (on Sony),{{cn|date=March 2022}} ''[[Ghar Ek Sapna]]'',{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} [[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]] and ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/naagin-2/cast/1086338 |title=Naagin 2 {{!}} TV Guide |website=TV Guide |language=en |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"

|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Kakkakuyil]]'' || Radhika Menon / Revathy || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Manasutho]]'' || Sapana || Telugu
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' || Priya Malhotra || Hindi ||
|-
| 2004 || ''Let's Enjoy'' || Shreya || Hindi ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Manmadhan (film)|Manmadhan]]'' || Girl in café || Tamil ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Dreams...Do Come True!|Dreams]]'' || Simran || Hindi ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Tulsi (film)|Tulsi]]'' || Dr. Anjali D'souza || Hindi ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]'' || Anjana "Anju" Rao || Hindi || credited as Arzoo
|-
| 2012 || ''Overtime'' || Liza || Hindi ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[It's My Life (film)| It's My Life]]'' || Sanjana Sharma || Hindi ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Name !! Role !! Channel
|-
| 2005–2007 ||''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]'' ||Tulika Samarth || [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]
|-
| 2006–2008 || [[CID (Indian TV series)|''CID'']] || Reena || [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]
|-
| 2007–2009 || [[Ghar Ek Sapnaa|''Ghar'' ''Ek'' ''Sapnaa'']] || Vanshika || [[Sahara One]]
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]'' || Manjusha || [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2024–present || ''[[Chahenge Tumhe Itna]]'' || Neelima || ''Shemaroo Umang''
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{imdb name|1247644}}
{{authoritycontrol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Govitrikar, Arzoo}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Models from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Maharashtra]]

Transport between India and Bangladesh

2025-11-12T13:14:05Z

BabulHossainjoy: created the details basic info - done

{{Short description|Transport links between India and Bangladesh}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Transport in Bangladesh}}
[[File:Map Bangladesh RoadRail.png|thumb|Map of [[Bangladesh]] with existing rail and road links.]]

'''Transport between India and Bangladesh''' bears much historical and political significance for both countries, which possessed no ground transport links for 43 years, starting with the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] and [[partition of India|India]] in 1947. The [[Kolkata]]–[[Dhaka]] Bus (1999) and the Dhaka–[[Agartala]] Bus (2001) are the primary road links between the two countries; a direct Kolkata-Agartala running through Dhaka, the capital of [[Bangladesh]] is being developed by both countries. The [[Maitree Express]] (''Friendship Express'') was launched to revive a railway link between Kolkata and Dhaka that had been shut for 43 years.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Kolkata-Dhaka_train_service_resumes_after_43_years/articleshow/2950159.cms |title=Kolkata-Dhaka Moitree Express flagged off |date=14 April 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=Times Internet Limited |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref>

==Background==

===History ===
{{see also | List of massacres in Bangladesh | Human_rights_in_Bangladesh#Citizenship_and_minority_rights | l2= Human rights and minority persecution in Bangladesh }}

The partition of Bengal and [[India]] on 15 August 1947 led to the establishment of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]; [[East Bengal]] became a province of the state of [[Pakistan]]. The hostile bilateral relations between the two nations made transport links very limited, despite the cultural and commercial links between West and East Bengal. At the outbreak of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], the only railway link between Dhaka and Kolkata was shut down, and not resumed until 2008 with the launch of the Maitree Express.

After the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|establishment of Bangladesh]] following the [[Bangladesh liberation war]] in 1971, bilateral relations improved considerably, but the two governments moved slowly on implementing a 1980 agreement on improving transport links.<ref name="BS">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990618/ige18050.html |title=Bus maps the route to better Indo-Bangla ties |last=Malhotra |first=Jyoti |date=18 June 1999 |work=expressindia.com |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> In the 1990s, the Indian and Bangladeshi governments collaborated to open bus services between '''Kolkata''', the capital of '''West Bengal''' and one of the largest cities in '''India''', and '''Dhaka''', the capital and largest city of '''Bangladesh'''. In 2001, another bus service was launched to connect Dhaka with '''Agartala''', the capital of the Indian state of [[Tripura]] the second largest city of [[Northeast India]] that borders Bangladesh in the east.

===India-Bangladesh borders===

Both share physical land as well as maritime borders:

* [[Bangladesh-India border]]
** [[India–Bangladesh border haats]]

* [[Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India|India-Bangladesh maritime border and EEZ]]

===International transport connection frameworks ===
{{anchor | ITCF | Framework | Frameworks |International transport connection frameworks }}
{{see also | South Asian Free Trade Area }}

[[Look East policy (India)|India's Look-East connectivity]] policy has resulted in the launch of several connectivity projects with neighbouring countries to the east, including Bangladesh, Myanmar and [[ASEAN]] nations.

India-Bangladesh transport and other strategic inter-linkages, such as energy and internet, etc are driven by both the [[Bangladesh–India relations|bilateral agreements]] as well as the following international cooperation frameworks many of which are facilitated by the [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (UNESCAP)'s [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs):<ref name=citya5>[https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Bangladesh_17.pdf Bangladesh rail connectivity], UNESCAP, accessed 23 Apr 2025.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Regional Connectivity Frameworks
! Framework
! Countries
! Explanation

|-
| [[BBIN#Motor_Vehicle_Agreement|BBIN MVA]]
| Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal
| Motor Vehicle Agreement for regional connectivity

|-
| [[BCIM Economic Corridor]]
| Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar
| Economic corridor initiative<ref name=citya5/>

|-
| [[BIMSTEC#Projects|BIMSTEC Connectivity Projects]]
| Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
| Regional cooperation projects<ref name=citya5/>

|-
| [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC Route]]
| Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
| South Asian regional connectivity framework<ref name=citya5/>

|-
| [[South_Asia_Subregional_Economic_Cooperation#Projects|SASEC Corridors]]
| Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka
| Subregional economic cooperation program<ref name=citya5/>

|-
| [[Belt and Road Initiative|Silk Route]]
| (China's initiative with multiple partner countries)
| Part of China's Belt and Road Initiative<ref name=citya5/>

|-
| [[Trans-Asian Railway|Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) Network]]
| (Pan-Asian network including Bangladesh and India)
| On 5 May 2007, Bangladesh announced it would join the agreement. Includes three lines between India and Myanmar through Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7007259926|title=Bangladesh To Join 8,750-Mile Trans-Asian Railway Network|date=6 May 2007|access-date=7 May 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103334/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7007259926|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> India announced participation on 17 May 2007 with projects worth ₹29.41 billion (US$730 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/63564.html| title=India to join the Trans-Asian railway network|date=17 May 2007|access-date=17 May 2007}}</ref> Bangladesh signed on 10 November 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/10/content_7047917.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112065129/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/10/content_7047917.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2007| title=Bangladesh joins Trans-Asian Railway Network Agreement|date=10 November 2007| access-date=12 November 2007}}</ref>
|}

== Aerial services==
{{anchor | Air }}
{{see also | Civil aviation in India | Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_Bangladesh#CA| l2= Civil aviation in Bangladesh }}

===Cities connected ===
{{anchor | CDC }}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''Direct air connections between Bangladeshi and Indian cities (as of 2025)'''
|-
! Bangladeshi City !! Indian City !! Bangladeshi Airlines !! Indian Airlines
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Chittagong]] || [[Delhi]] || None || [[SpiceJet]] (Discontinued)<ref name=citya3/>
|-
| [[Kolkata]] || [[US-Bangla Airlines]]<ref name=citya1/><ref name=citya2/> || None
|-
| [[Chennai]] || [[US-Bangla Airlines]] (Discontinued)<ref name=citya2/> || None
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Dhaka]] || [[Chennai]] || [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]], [[US-Bangla Airlines]]<ref name=citya2/> || [[IndiGo]]
|-
| [[Delhi]] || [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]]<ref name=citya1/><ref name=citya2/> || [[Air India]], [[IndiGo]]<ref name=citya3/>
|-
| [[Guwahati]] || None || SpiceJet (Discontinued)<ref name=citya4/>
|-
| [[Kolkata]] || [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]], [[Novoair]], [[US-Bangla Airlines]]<ref name=citya1/><ref name=citya2/> || [[Air India Express]], [[IndiGo]]<ref name=citya3/>
|-
| [[Mumbai]] || None || [[Air India]], [[IndiGo]]<ref name=citya3/>
|-
| [[Hyderabad]] || None || [[Indigo]]
|}

===Airlines between India-Bangladesh===
{{anchor | AAC }}


{| class="wikitable"
|+ Airlines operating between Bangladesh and India (2025)
! Airline
! Country
! Route(s)
! Notes
|-
| [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]]
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| Dhaka–Kolkata, Dhaka–Delhi
| Bangladesh's [[national carrier]]; resumed Dhaka–Delhi flights in 2019 after 6-year gap<ref name=citya1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/biman-resume-dhaka-delhi-flight-jet-air-bows-out-1732783| title= Biman to resume Dhaka-Delhi flight as Jet Air bows out| work=The Daily Star|accessdate=13 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[US-Bangla Airlines]]
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| Dhaka–Kolkata, Chittagong–Kolkata
| First Bangladeshi airline to operate flights to South India<ref name=citya2/>
|-
| [[Novoair]]
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| Dhaka–Kolkata
| Private Bangladeshi airline<ref name=citya2>{{cite news |last1=Ibne Kamal |first1=Md Ashequl Morsalin |title=US-Bangla starts operating flights to Chennai, Kolkata |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/bangladesh/us-bangla-starts-operating-flights-to-chennai-kolkata/59610 |access-date=18 February 2021 |work=UNB |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Air India]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Delhi–Dhaka, Mumbai–Dhaka
| India's [[flag carrier]]
|-
| [[IndiGo]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Chennai–Dhaka, Delhi–Dhaka, Mumbai–Dhaka, Kolkata–Dhaka, Hyderabad–Dhaka
|

|-
| [[SpiceJet]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Kolkata–Dhaka, Kolkata–Chittagong (all routes discontinued)
| Briefly operated Guwahati–Dhaka route in 2019 before discontinuing<ref name=citya3>{{cite news |title=SpiceJet to start non-stop flights to Dhaka from these 3 cities from tomorrow |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/spicejet-to-start-non-stop-flights-to-dhaka-from-these-3-cities-from-tomorrow-11604476543191.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |work=Live mint |date=4 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=citya4>{{cite news |title=SpiceJet suspends Guwahati-Dhaka direct flight service |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/spicejet-suspends-guwahati-dhaka-direct-flight-service.html |access-date=18 February 2021 |work=Northeast Now}}</ref>
|}

== Railway ==
{{see also | Bangladesh Railway | Indian Railway }}
The complete rail links, including the historical links, between India and Bangladesh and their current status is as follows:

===Rail service by crossing points ===
{{anchor | RSCP }}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Crossing Point (India)
!Crossing Point (Bangladesh)
!Status
!Current train services
!Historical train services
!Ref
|-
|[[Gede railway station|Gede]], West Bengal
|[[Darshana railway station|Darshana]]
|rowspan=3|Currently Suspended
|[[Maitree Express]] and [[freight trains]]
|[[East Bengal Express]], [[East Bengal Mail]]
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Starting of freight trains via restored Haldibari (India) – Chilahati (Bangladesh) rail link |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1741647 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[Petrapole railway station|Petrapole]], West Bengal
|[[Benapole railway station|Benapole]]
|[[Bandhan Express]] and [[freight trains]]
|[[Barisal Express]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Haldibari railway station|Haldibari]], West Bengal
|[[Chilahati railway station|Chilahati]]
|[[Mitali Express]]
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Singhabad railway station|Singhabad]], West Bengal
|[[Rohanpur railway station|Rohanpur]]
|Active
|[[Freight trains|Freight trains only]]
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Radhikapur railway station|Radhikapur]], West Bengal
|[[Biral railway station|Biral]]
|Active
|[[Freight trains|Freight trains only]]
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Changrabandha railway station|Changrabandha]], West Bengal
|[[Burimari railway station|Burimari]]
|Inactive
|
|
|
|-
|[[Mahisasan railway station|Mahisasan]], [[Assam]]
|[[Shahbazpur, Brahmanbaria|Shahabaz Pur]]
|Being restored
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assam as India's Gateway to ASEAN |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/684951/assam-india-gateway-asean.pdf |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref>
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Agartala railway station|Agartala]], [[Tripura]]
|[[Akhaura Junction railway station|Akhaura]]
|Active
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rail Links with Bangladesh |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=101547 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[Belonia, India|Belonia]], Tripura
|[[Feni, Bangladesh|Feni]]
|Under construction
|
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

===Rail service by frontiers ===
{{anchor | RSF }}

The Bangladesh border is conceptualised as consisting of two frontiers, east and west, separated by [[Brahmaputra River]] (the lower end of which is also called the [[Padma River]]) flowing north to south through the centre of Bangladesh, dividing the nation into two vertical halves.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Indian crossing !! Bangladeshi crossing !! Frontier
<ref group="rail-note">Based on the Bangladeshi frontier</ref>
! Status !! Current train services !! Historical train services
|-
| [[Gede railway station|Gede]] || [[Darshana railway station|Darshana]] || Western || Current || [[Maitree Express]] and freight trains || [[East Bengal Express]], [[East Bengal Mail]]<ref name="idsa">{{cite web|last1=Thapliyal|first1=Sangeeta|title=India-Bangladesh Transportation Links: A Move for Closer Cooperation|url=http://www.idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001012050222/http://idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 October 2000|publisher=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[Petrapole]] || [[Benapole railway station|Benapole]] || Western || Current || [[Bandhan Express]] and freight trains || [[Barisal Express]]<ref name="idsa" />
|-
| [[Singhabad railway station|Singhabad]] || [[Rohanpur railway station|Rohonpur]]|| Western || Current|| Freight ||
|-
| [[Radhikapur railway station|Radhikapur]] || [[Biral Upazila|Biral]]|| Western || Current || Freight ||
|-
| {{rws|Haldibari}} || {{rws|Chilahati}} || Western || Current || [[Mitali Express]] ||
|-
| [[Changrabandha railway station|Changrabandha]] || [[Burimari railway station|Burimari]] || Western || Inactive <ref group=rail-note>Currently inactive but slated for restoration.</ref> || ||
|-
| [[Mahishasan]] || [[Shahbazpur, Maulvibazar|Shahbazpur]] || Eastern || Being restored <ref group=rail-note>A meter gauge line existed but was discontinued. Slated to be restored.</ref> || ||
|-
| [[Agartala]] || [[Akhaura]] || Eastern || Being restored <ref group=rail-note>A new line being is developed by [[Ircon International|IRCON]], cost to be borne by India. Land acquisition for the ongoing Agartala-Akhaura new railway connectivity project was complete in both countries in October 2017 and laying of tracks will be completed in 2018.</ref> || ||
|}

{{reflist|group=rail-note}}

===Details of rail services===
{{anchor | DRS }}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train Name !! Year Started !! Route !! Distance !! Frequency !! Notes
|-
| [[Maitree Express]] || 2008 || {{rws|Kolkata}} – {{rws|Dhaka Cantonment}} || 393 km || 5 days a week || First passenger rail service between India and Bangladesh after 43 years
|-
| [[Bandhan Express]] || 2017 || {{rws|Kolkata}} – {{rws|Khulna}} via [[Petrapole]]–[[Benapole]] border || N/A || N/A || Recreates route of defunct [[Barisal Express]]; added {{rws|Jessore Junction}} stop in 2019
|-
| [[Mitali Express]] || 2021 || [[New Jalpaiguri railway station]] – [[Dhaka Cantonment railway station]] via [[Haldibari, India|Haldibari]]–[[Chilahati railway station|Chilahati]] border || N/A || Bi-weekly || Launched during Bangladesh's independence golden jubilee celebrations
|}

===Proposed new rail connections===
{{anchor | PNR }}
{{see also | Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project#Northeast railway connectivity projects
| label 1 = Northeast railway connectivity projects}}

On 28 October 2017, Bangladesh Railway Minister Mujibal Haque said that India and Bangladesh are working on reconnecting railway lines in 12 places, which were cut off after partition of the country in 1947. India sponsored rail bridges on Titas and the Bhoirab rivers in Brahmanbaria district of Bangladesh were completed.<ref name=ETind1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/india-and-bangladesh-to-restore-snapped-railway-lines-mujibal-haque/articleshow/61292620.cms "India and Bangladesh to restore snapped railway lines: Mujibal Haque"], ''[[The Economic Times]]'' 28 October 2017.</ref>

==Roads ==

===Road corridors===

Since the 1980s, the Indian and Bangladeshi governments have sought to negotiate an agreement permitting commercial vehicles to pass through Bangladeshi highways to reach the [[Seven Sister States|northeastern states]] of India from the west; a concept described in India as the "Bangla Corridor."<ref name="DNA">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1017981 |title=Kolkata-Agartala bus link gets a major push forward |last=Abdi |first=SNM |date=13 March 2006 |work=dnaindia.com |publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> Such an arrangement is being promoted for its benefit to bilateral commerce, the transport cost reduction for Indian businesses and additional revenue for Bangladesh.<ref name="BS"/><ref name="O">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980702/18350444.html |title=Calcutta-Dhaka passenger bus route soon |date=2 July 1998 |work=expressindia.com |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> In 2006, both governments began working on a proposal to provide a bus service directly connecting Kolkata with [[Agartala]], the capital of the Indian state of [[Tripura]], which borders eastern Bangladesh.<ref name="O2">{{cite news |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1248476/bangladesh_to_propose_new_bus_service_linking_two_indian_cities/ |title=Bangladesh to Propose New Bus Service Linking Two Indian Cities |last=Islam |first=Zahedul |work=redOrbit |publisher=redOrbit.com |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> As of 2007, travelling distance through Indian territory is an estimated {{convert|1700|km|mi|abbr=on|0}}, but a direct road link via Dhaka would shorten the travelling distance to an estimated {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on|0}},<ref name="DNA"/> considerably reducing the costs of transport for Indian businesses, which have to transport goods and services through the narrow "[[Chicken's Neck (India)|Chicken's Neck]]" territory that is bordered by northern Bangladesh and southern [[Nepal]]. However, such an arrangement has been politically sensitive in Bangladesh.<ref name="DNA"/>

====Existing corridors====

Kolkata-Dhaka-Agartala route: On 2 June 2015, the first trial run of a direct bus between Kolkata and Agartala ran, a route distance of 500 km, as compared to the 1650 km if it ran through the [[Chicken's Neck (India)|Chicken's Neck]] to remain within India. This bus made an overnight stop in Dhaka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata-Agartala Bus Reaches Tripura on Trial Run|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kolkata-agartala-bus-reaches-tripura-on-trial-run-768059|access-date=13 June 2015|work=[[NDTV]]|date=2 June 2015}}</ref> General service began on 7 June, and the first bus was flagged off by political leaders including [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]], [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] [[Sheikh Hasina]], and [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] [[Mamata Bannerjee]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khanna|first1=Rohit|title=Kolkata-Agartala bus service via Dhaka flagged off|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kolkata-Agartala-bus-service-via-Dhaka-flagged-off/articleshow/47570651.cms|access-date=13 June 2015|work=Times of India|date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

====Proposed new road corridors ====

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Proposed India-Bangladesh cross-border transport corridors
! Scope !! Project !! Route !! Status !! Purpose !! Reference
|-
| rowspan="1" | East-to-West || '''Delhi–Dhaka–Yangon Trilateral Highway''' || Delhi → Kolkata → Dhaka → Myanmar || Conceptualized under BIMSTEC || Pan-regional connectivity || <ref name="citb10">"BIMSTEC pushes India-Bangladesh-Myanmar highway." ''The Diplomat'', 2021.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | West Frontier || '''Bhanga–Kolkata Expressway''' (via Padma Bridge) || Dhaka → Bhanga → Petrapole → Kolkata || Under discussion (2023) || Reduce Dhaka-Kolkata travel to 6-7 hours || <ref name="citb8">"India-Bangladesh plan expressway via Padma Bridge." ''The Daily Star'', 2023.</ref>
|-
| '''Hili-Dinajpur Economic Corridor''' || Hili → Dinajpur → Bogura → Dhaka || Proposed under BBIN MVA || Connect NW Bangladesh with West Bengal || <ref name="citb12">"Hili-Dinajpur route to ease cargo movement." ''The Financial Express'', 2022.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | East Frontier || '''Silchar-Sylhet Highway''' || Silchar → Sutarkandi → Sheola → Sylhet || Approved (2022) || Northeast India to Chittagong Port || <ref name="citb9">"Silchar-Sylhet road link to boost trade." ''The Hindu'', 2022.</ref>
|-
| '''Agartala-Chittagong Corridor''' || Agartala → Akhaura → Chittagong Port || MoU signed (2023) || Northeast connectivity to Chittagong || <ref name="citb11">"Agartala-Chittagong road link to cut Northeast's isolation." ''The Economic Times'', 2023.</ref>
|}

===Bus service ===

====Existing bus services ====
{{anchor | EBS }}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Route !! Frequency !! Travel Time !! Route Details !! Operators !! References
|-
| Dhaka→Kolkata (West Bengal) || Daily || ~12 hours || Dhaka→Benapole (Bangladesh)→Petrapole (India)→Kolkata || West Bengal Transport Corporation (WBTC) and Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) || <ref name="citb1">"Dhaka-Kolkata bus service resumes after 20 months." The Daily Star, 2022.</ref>
|-
| Dhaka–Agartala (Tripura) || Daily || ~3 hours || Dhaka → Akhaura (Bangladesh) → Agartala (India) || BRTC & Tripura Road Transport Corporation || <ref name="citb2">"Dhaka-Agartala bus service launched." The Hindu, 2015.</ref>
|-
| Kolkata–Dhaka–Guwahati (Assam) || Operational (limited trips) || ~?? hours || Kolkata → Dhaka → Sylhet → Dawki (India) → Guwahati || WBTC & BRTC || <ref name="citb3">"India-Bangladesh bus service to Guwahati begins." The Times of India, 2018.</ref>
|-
| Siliguri (West Bengal)–Dhaka || Operational (limited trips) || ~?? hours || Siliguri → Fulbari (India) → Banglabandha (Bangladesh) → Dhaka || Private carriers (e.g., Shyamoli Transport) || <ref name="citb4">"Siliguri-Dhaka bus service via Panitanki." The Telegraph India, 2019.</ref>
|}

====Proposed Bus Services====
{{anchor | PBS }}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Route !! Proposed Route Details !! Status/Comments !! References
|-
| Kolkata–Chittagong || Kolkata → Petrapole → Dhaka → Chittagong || Boost trade/tourism to Bangladesh's port city || <ref name="citb5">"India-Bangladesh to launch Chittagong-Kolkata bus." bdnews24.com, 2021.</ref>
|-
| Shillong (Meghalaya)–Sylhet || Shillong → Dawki → Tamabil (Bangladesh) → Sylhet || Under discussion (2023) || <ref name="citb6">"Shillong-Sylhet bus link proposed." The Shillong Times, 2023.</ref>
|-
| Delhi–Dhaka (via Varanasi) || Delhi → Varanasi → Kolkata → Dhaka || Long-distance; may combine rail/bus || <ref name="citb7">"Delhi-Dhaka bus service plan under review." The Business Standard, 2022.</ref>
|}

====Details of select bus services ====
{{anchor | BSD }}

{| class="wikitable"
! Route !! Launch Date !! Operators !! Frequency & Timings !! Distance !! Duration !! Notes
|-
| Kolkata–Dhaka || 19 June 1999 || WBSTC & BRTC (also by private AC buses, e.g. Shohagh, Green Line, etc.) ||
* From Dhaka: Mon, Wed, Fri at 7:00 am & 7:30 am
* From Kolkata: Tue, Thu, Sat at 5:30 am, 8:30 am & 12:30 pm
* No service on Sunday
||
* India: 80 km
* Bangladesh: 300 km
||
* ~12.5 hrs
||
* Facilitates family visits & commerce
* Continued despite geopolitical tensions
* Inaugurated by Sheikh Hasina

|-
| Dhaka–Agartala || 11 July 2001 || BRTC & Indian counterpart || Not specified || Not specified || Not specified
||
Connects Bangladesh with Indian state of Tripura.
|}

==Shipping==
{{ see also | List of Bangladesh-India transboundary rivers | Freedom of navigation | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | l3= United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)}}

Bangladesh and India signed agreement to use 2 ports in Bangladesh - [[Mongla Port]] and [[Chittagong Port]] to be used for the following 4 transit routes to [[Northeast India]]:<ref name=transh1>[https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/bangladesh-allows-four-transit-routes-to-india/102479998 Bangladesh allows four transit routes to India.], ET Infra, 6 Aug 2023.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Port !! Routes !! Comments
|-
| rowspan="2" | Chittagong Port
| Chittagong Port-Akhaura-Agartala<ref name=transh1/>
|
|-
| Chittagong-Bibirbazar-Srimantapur<ref name=transh1/>
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Mongla Port
| Mongla Port-Akhaura-Agartala<ref name=transh1/>
|
|-
| Mongla Port-Bibirbazar-Srimantapur<ref name=transh1/>
|
|}

==Other connections==

===Energy===

See India-Bangladesh's existing and proposed [[Electricity_sector_in_India#Foreign|electricity grid]] (see also [[Adani_Power#BD|Adani Power supply to Bangladesh]]),<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2017-11-08|title=Adani Power inks PPA with Bangladesh Power Development Board|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/adani-power-inks-ppa-with-bangladesh-power-development-board-117110801302_1.html|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> [[Bangladesh–India_relations#Diesel|Bangladesh-India Friendship pipeline]] (BIFP, 130 km long diesel supply to Bangladesh),<ref>{{Cite magazine | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-sheikh-hasina-inaugurate-india-bangladesh-oil-pipeline-construction-1343280-2018-09-19 | title=PM Modi, Sheikh Hasina inaugurate India-Bangladesh oil pipeline construction | magazine=India Today | access-date=11 December 2024 | archive-date=14 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614022104/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-sheikh-hasina-inaugurate-india-bangladesh-oil-pipeline-construction-1343280-2018-09-19 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/cabinet-approves-use-of-bangladesh-ports-for-indian-shipments-to-north-east/1316609/ | title=Cabinet approves use of Bangladesh ports for Indian shipments to North-East | work=The Financial Express | date=17 September 2018 | access-date=11 December 2024 | archive-date=1 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201181352/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/cabinet-approves-use-of-bangladesh-ports-for-indian-shipments-to-north-east/1316609/ | url-status=live }}</ref> proposed Myanmar-Bangladesh-India [[liquefied natural gas|LNG]] pipeline (to supply LNG from Myanmar to Bangladesh and Tripura in India), and internet connectivity.<ref name=gasb1>[https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/plans-underway-revive-lng-pipeline-linking-india-myanmar-and-bangladesh Plans Underway to Revive LNG Pipeline Linking India to Myanmar and Bangladesh], 29 Jan 2023.</ref>

===Internet===

In 2025, while Bangladesh provides internet connectivity to [[Northeast India]], a proposal for India to directly route internet cables through Bangladesh to Northeast Asia was declined. Bangladesh opted to [[Mass surveillance|maintain authority]] over the traffic traversing its territory via its own monitoring agencies, leading India to explore alternative solutions for its connectivity needs.<ref name=intbd1>[https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/bangladesh-allows-four-transit-routes-to-india/102479998 Bangladesh caps Indian bandwidth imports at 50%, aiming to boost submarine cable usage to 70% and allocate 10% to satellite], ET infra, 21 Feb 2025.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Bangladesh–India relations]]
* [[Borders_of_India#IBBC|India-Bangladesh border ceremonies]]
* [[Greater India]]
* [[Indian Century]]

==External links==
* [https://i0.wp.com/www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/BBIN.jpg?resize=1303%2C859 Map of India-Bangladesh border links]
* [https://foxparcel.com/ Fox Parcel: Cargo to Bangladesh from India]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bangladesh-India relations}}

[[Category:Transport in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:International transport in Asia]]

Kaliyakkavilai

2025-11-07T10:14:35Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaliyakkavilai
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|19|22|N|77|09|14|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13307
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = '''TN-75'''
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kaliyakkavilai''' is a [[town panchayat]] in [[Kanyakumari district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], close to the Tamil Nadu-Kerala border. It lies on the Kochi-Thiruvananthapuram-Kanyakumari National Highway 47.

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 India census]],<ref>{{cite web |title=PCA TV: Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Tamil Nadu - District Kanniyakumari - 2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6820 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref> Kaliyakkavilai had a population of 15,625, with an average literacy of 81.4%. 10.1% of the population were children at the time of the census.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Regions of Kanyakumari}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district]]

{{Kanniyakumari-geo-stub}}

Hasht Bihisht (architecture)

2025-10-21T23:17:16Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Short description|Type of floor plan common in Mughal India}}
{{other uses|Hasht-behesht (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Hasht Behesht 012.jpg|thumb|[[Hasht Behesht]], a [[Safavid Iran|Safavid era]] pavilion in [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].]]
In [[architecture]], a '''hasht-behesht''' ({{langx|fa|هشت‌بهشت|hašt-behešt|eight heavens}}) is a type of [[floor plan]] consisting of a central hall surrounded by eight rooms,<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2 |title=HAŠT BEHEŠT (2) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |date=March 20, 2012 |first=Michele |last=Bernardini |volume=XII |pages=49–51}}</ref> the earliest recognized example of which in [[Iranian architecture]] is traced to the time of the [[Persianate society|Persianate]] [[Timurid Empire]]. The term was used in [[Persian literature]] as a metaphorical image, and was later notably used in [[Hasht-Bihisht (poem)|a poem]] by Indian poet [[Amir Khusrow]], who gave the most comprehensible literary reconstruction of the model in his adaptation of an [[Persian mythology|Iranian epic]] about [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] ruler [[Bahram V]], as well as in other works by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] poets [[Sehi Bey]] and [[Idris Bitlisi]].<ref name="Iranica"/> The [[architectural form]] was adopted and used also in [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman]] and [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] architectures.

The concept of hasht-behesht is linked to that of the Avestan {{transliteration|ae|vahišta}} ([[Avestan]] for "best"; cognate with [[Middle Persian]] {{transliteration|pal|wahišt}}, [[Persian language|New Persian]] {{transliteration|fa|behešt}}),<ref name="Iranica"/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asa-means-truth-in-avestan |first1=B. |last1=Schlerath |first2=P. O. |last2=Skjærvø |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=AṦA |pages=694–696 |volume=II |date=August 16, 2011}}</ref> a building decorated with precious stones that would represent the astrological concept of eight planets corresponding to eight heavens. It is closely related to [[Islamic eschatology]], in which [[heaven]] is described as having eight gates and eight spaces, and is also observed in [[Christian symbolism]] in the concept of [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]].<ref name="Iranica"/> Similarly, the Chinese [[magic square]], which was employed for numerous purposes, finds its way into Islamic mathematicians as "wafq". Ninefold schemes find particular resonance in the Indian [[mandala]]s, the cosmic maps of [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]].<ref name="k26">{{cite book |last=Koch |first=Ebba |title=The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra |year=2006 |edition=First |publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd |isbn=0-500-34209-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/26 26] |no-pp=yes |url=https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/26 }}</ref>

==Iran==
Although the trace of an older [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] equivalent is presumed, the earliest recognized use of the hasht-behesht plan is traced to a now non-extant two-storied pavilion named ''Tarab-khana'' that was built under the reign of the [[Persianate society|Persianate]] [[Timurid Empire]] ruler [[Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza|Babur Mirza]] (1449–1457) in [[Herat]], a prominent city in medieval [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emami |first1=Farshid |title=Royal Assemblies and Imperial Libraries: Polygonal Pavilions and Their Functions in Mughal and Safavid Architecture |journal=South Asian Studies |date=2 January 2019 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=63–81 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2019.1605564 |quote=Likewise, Babur’s description of a pavilion known as Tarab-khana (House of Joy) in Herat clearly evokes a nine-fold plan rather than a centrally planned pavilion. See O’Kane,Timurid Architecture, pp. 299–300, for his inter-pretation of these two descriptions.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Babur |title=Memoirs of Babur |pages=302-303 |url=https://ia801505.us.archive.org/19/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.69712/2015.69712.Memoirs-Of-Babur-Sectionii_text.pdf |quote=Muzaffar Mirza took me to where there was a wine-party, in the Tarab-khana (Joyhouse) built by Babur Mlrza, a sweet little abode, a smallish, two-storeyed house in the middle of a smallish garden. Great pains have been taken with its upper storey; this has a retreat (hujra) in each of its four corners, the space between each two retreats being like a shah-nishin; in between these retreats and shah-nishins is one large room on all sides of which are pictures which, although Babur Mlrza built the house, were commanded by Abu-sa'id Mirza and depict his own wars and encounters.}}</ref>

Later, under the [[Aq Qoyunlu]], a plan was used in the eponymous pavilion of [[Hasht Behesht Palace (Tabriz)|Hasht Behesht Palace]] in [[Tabriz]], completed in 1483–1486.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Overton |first1=Keelan |title=Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, 1400–1700 |date=2 June 2020 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-04894-3 |page=181 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yHXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 |language=en}}</ref> Later again, under the reign of Iran's [[Safavid dynasty]], the same plan was used in the eponymous pavilion of [[Hasht Behesht]] in [[Isfahan]].<ref name="Iranica"/><ref>Ruggles, D. Fairchild. "Humayun's Tomb and Garden: Typologies and Visual Order", in Attilio Petruccioli, ed. ''Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design. Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture: Supplements to Muqarnas''. '''VII'''. Leiden: Brill. 1997. 174.</ref>
[[File:Taj floorplan.svg|thumb|right|upright|Floor plan of the [[Taj Mahal]], showing eight chambers surrounding a central chamber.]]

==Mughal India==

In [[Mughal architecture|the architecture]] of the [[Persianate society|Persianate]] [[Mughal Empire]], hasht-behesht was the favorite plan for [[Mughal gardens|garden]]s and pavilions, as well as for mausolea (seen as a funerary form of pavilion). These were planned as square or rectangular buildings divided into nine sections, with a central domed chamber surrounded by eight elements. Later, developments of the hasht-behesht divided the square at 45 degree angles to create a more radial plan, which often also includes [[chamfer]]ed corners; examples of which can be found in Todar Mal's Baradari at [[Fatehpur Sikri]] and [[Humayun's Tomb]]. Each element of the plan is reflected in the elevations with [[iwan]]s and the corner rooms expressed through smaller arched niches. Such structures are often topped with [[chattris]], small pillared pavilions at each corner.
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Iranian architecture}}

[[Category:Iranian architectural elements]]
[[Category:Safavid architecture]]
[[Category:Mughal architecture elements]]
[[Category:Ottoman architecture]]
[[Category:Islamic architectural elements]]
[[Category:Iranian inventions]]

Australian cricket team in India in 1996–97

2025-10-21T22:04:04Z

BabulHossainjoy:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series= 1996–97 Border–Gavaskar Trophy
|partof=
|image=
|caption=
|date= 5 October – 14 October 1996
|place= {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
|result= India won the 1-match series 1–0
|player of series= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayan Mongia]]
|team1={{cr|AUS}}
|team2={{cr|IND}}
|captain1=[[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]]
|captain2=[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|runs1= [[Steve Waugh]] (93)
|runs2= [[Nayan Mongia]] (152)
|wickets1= [[Paul Reiffel]] (5)
|wickets2= [[Anil Kumble]] (9)
|next=[[1997–98 Border–Gavaskar Trophy|1997–98 Series]]
}}

The '''[[Australian cricket team]]''' toured India in October 1996 for a one-off [[Test cricket|Test match]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/AUS_IN_IND/ |title=Australia in India, Oct 1996 (1 TEST) |access-date=29 May 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; margin:auto"
|-
! {{cr|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia Squad|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IN_IND_OCT1996_AUS_SQUAD.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref>
! {{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web|title=India Squad|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IN_IND_OCT1996_IND_SQUAD.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Michael Slater]]
* [[Ricky Ponting]]
* [[Mark Waugh]]
* [[Steve Waugh]]
* [[Michael Bevan]]
* [[Ian Healy]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Brad Hogg]]
* [[Paul Reiffel]]
* [[Peter McIntyre (cricketer)|Peter McIntyre]]
* [[Glenn McGrath]]
|
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Nayan Mongia]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Vikram Rathour]]
* [[Sourav Ganguly]]
* [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]
* [[Rahul Dravid]]
* [[Sunil Joshi]]
* [[Aashish Kapoor]]
* [[Anil Kumble]]
* [[David Johnson (cricketer, born 1971)|David Johnson]]
* [[Venkatesh Prasad]]
|}

==Tour match==
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 5–7 October
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS|name=Australians}}
| team2 = [[Board President's XI (India)|Indian Board President's XI]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 358/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (91 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Michael Bevan]] 100[[not out|*]] (99)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Dodda Ganesh]] 5/103 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 262 (79.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Pankaj Dharmani]] 130[[not out|*]] (170)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Mark Waugh]] 6/68 (16.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 99/2 (32 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]] 41 (77)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[David Johnson (cricketer, born 1971)|David Johnson]] 1/23 (10 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IND-BPRES-XI_05-07OCT1996.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dhruve Pandove Stadium]], [[Patiala]]
| umpires = [[Subroto Porel]] (Ind) and [[Ivaturi Shivram]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = Australians won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Only Test==
{{Test match
| date = 10–13 October 1996
| team1 = {{cr|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr-rt|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 182 (73 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Michael Slater]] 44 (96)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 4/63 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 361 (131.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Nayan Mongia]] 152 (366)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Paul Reiffel]] 3/35 (17 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 234 (108.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Steve Waugh]] 67[[not out|*]] (221)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Anil Kumble]] 5/67 (41 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 58/3 (13.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 21[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Paul Reiffel]] 2/24 (6 overs)

| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63721.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Peter Willey]] (Eng) and [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Nayan Mongia]] (Ind)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| notes = [[Brad Hogg]] (Aus) and [[David Johnson (cricketer, born 1971)|David Johnson]] (Ind) both made their Test debuts.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/AUS_IN_IND/ Tour home] at [[ESPNcricinfo]] archives

{{International cricket tours of India|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Australian Cricket Team In India In 1996-97}}
[[Category:1996 in Australian cricket]]
[[Category:1996 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Australian cricket tours of India|1996-97]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1994–95 to 1997]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]

Shadkala Govinda Marar

2025-09-28T17:03:53Z

BabulHossainjoy: created a stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian singer (1798–1843)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Shadkala Govinda Marar.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of Shadkala Govinda Marar by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]
{{IAST|'''Govinda Mārār'''}} (1798–1843), or {{IAST|Ṣaṭkāla Govinda Mārār}} was a [[Carnatic music]]ian from [[Kerala]], India. He was a contemporary of [[Tyāgarāja]] and [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]. He was also adept in playing musical instruments like [[Chenda]], [[Edakka]] and [[Timila|Thimila]]. His expertise in singing in the six degrees of geometric speed earned him the title ''Ṣaṭkāla''. By legend, [[Endaro Mahanubhavulu]], one of Thyagaraja's most famous compositions, was composed after he heard Marar sing. He is said to have used a Tamburu having seven strings

==Early life==

Govinda Marar was born in 1798 at [[Ramamangalam]], a village in [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]] district,[[Kerala]]. His parents belonged to the community of Marars who performed the traditional singing in the temples of Kerala. He took to singing from a very early age. He received his musical lessons from Haripad Ramaswamy Bhagavathar.<ref name="Kerala Gov-Music">[http://www.kerala.gov.in/music/music6.pdf Kerala Gov-Music] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201448/http://www.kerala.gov.in/music/music6.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>

He is said to have used a Tamburu having seven strings.<ref name=" Kerala Gov-Music"/> At the age of 21, he left his home to begin a life of wandering. He is believed to have sung in many important temples all over Kerala.<ref>[http://www.swathithirunal.in/personalities/SHADKALA.HTM Shadkala]</ref>

==Final days==
After leading a wandering life for a long time, he reached the temple of Panduranga in [[Pandharpur]], [[Maharashtra]]. He was revered as ''Paramahamsa Govinda Das''. The temple records note that he attained ''Samadhi'' in 1843.

==Shatkala Govinda Marar Smaraka Kalasamithy==
Prof. M. P. Manmadhan (late) – the eminent sarvodaya leader and social worker heard of Sri. Govinda Marar from a speech delivered by the great Malayalam poet Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer. He decided to set up a suitable memorial to the saint musician at his birthplace at [[Ramamangalam]]. The Shatkala Govinda Marar Smaraka Kala Samithy took birth under the chairmanship of Prof. M. P. Manmadhan in 1980. The Samithy engages in the establishment of several institutes to promote the study of traditional music and temple arts of South India with facilities for advanced research in all branches of arts and music. After the death of Prof. M. P. Manmadhan, Sri. C. Radhakrishnan (writer, film director), Sri. M. P. Gopalakrishnan (Rtd. R. D. O.) and Prof. Mavelikkara Prabhakara Varma (musician) lead the Samithy. Prof. George S. Paul (art journalist and columnist) currently leads the Samithy.

A memorial building consisting of class rooms and auditorium was set up with the help of Central/State Governments, Local Self Government Institutions and well-wishers in the vicinity of the [[Narasimhamoorthy Perumthrikkovil]]. Classes have been arranged to teach classical music (vocal and instrumental), classical dance and temple arts.

==Shatkala Govinda Marar Sangeethotsavam==
Shatkala Sangeetha Sabha was started in [[Muvattupuzha|Ramamangalam]] in 1980 by two young lovers of music, Narayan Ramdas Iyer and Pradeep M Deo with the help of music lover and astrologer Sundaresan Nair and Mridangist Panangad Chandran. An inaugural concert was organised by the two at the MELA Auditorium in which Dr. [[Mangalampalli Balamurali Krishna]] performed a four hour long concert.<ref>{{cite web|author=JC |url=http://cynicism2euphoria.blogspot.in/2010/12/part-iv-of-my-life-in-kerala.html |title=cynicism2euphoria: Part IV of my life in Kerala |publisher=Cynicism2euphoria.blogspot.in |date=2010-12-19 |accessdate=2020-01-16}}</ref>

Subsequently, a musical festival dedicated to the memory of the musical prodigy is being conducted under the auspices of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy from 1992 in [[Ramamangalam]]. Several famous artists from South India have come to [[Ramamangalam]] to pay their homage before the saint musician during the last two and a half decades.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://marar.in/]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201448/http://www.kerala.gov.in/music/music6.pdf Kerala Gov-Music]
*[http://www.swathithirunal.in/personalities/SHADKALA.HTM Shadkala Govinda Marar]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070213073125/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/24/stories/2006102406790200.htm 14th Shadkala Govinda Marar Music Festival]
*[http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/music.htm Kerala-Gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720001250/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/music.htm |date=20 July 2011 }}
*[http://www.shatkalasamithy.org]

{{Music of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marar, Shadkala Govinda}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:1798 births]]
[[Category:1843 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Musicians from British India]]

Paikpara

2025-09-09T17:31:09Z

BabulHossainjoy: started entry...

{{more citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement



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|subdivision_name4 = [[Dum Dum metro station|Dum Dum]]
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|subdivision_name5 = [[Dum Dum Junction railway station|Dum Dum Junction]]
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|seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] [https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCPortalHome1.jsp]
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| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
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'''Paikpara''' is a neighbourhood of [[North Kolkata]] in [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/kolkata/paikpara.html|title=Map of Paikpara|access-date=3 January 2025}}</ref>

==Location==
{{OSM Location map 
| coord = {{coord|22.6157|88.3874}} 
| zoom = 15 
| label = Paikpara
| mark-coord = {{coord|22.6157|88.3874}}
| label-pos = right
| float = left
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]

{{Kolkata-geo-stub}}

Pibuk

2025-08-30T08:10:36Z

BabulHossainjoy: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Pi Buki]]

Second Vasantrao Naik ministry

2025-08-24T03:38:35Z

BabulHossainjoy: created new bio more to come

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
Following [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967 Maharashtra legislative elections]], incumbent [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|chief minister]] '''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' was re-elected for a second term.<ref>{{cite journal |date=11 March 1967 |title=Where Congress is Still Safe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4357678 |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=507–508 |doi= |jstor=4357678 |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=[[G. C. Malhotra]] |title=Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature - Motions of Confidence and No-confidence in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures |pages=573 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat / Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/58692/1/cabinet_responsibilty_motions_of_confidence.pdf |edition=2nd Revised, 2004 |date=2004 |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> His second government remained in place until [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972 elections]], being succeeded by his [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|third government]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mls.org.in/pdf2020/Margadarshika%20Parishishta-%20Chief%20Minister%20list.pdf |title=Chief Ministers (1937 to 2019) |website=[[Maharashtra Legislature]] |language=mr |access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

==List of ministers==
{{expand-list|date=September 2022}}
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]] Departments or portfolios not allocated to any minister
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Affairs<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra Legislature, Mumbai |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]] |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221722/http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister1_termend = 3 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

==Ministry==
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
*General Administration
*Information and Public Relations
*Information Technology
*Law and Judiciary
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 19678
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Revenue
| minister1 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Buildings
*Communications
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Social Welfare
| minister1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Prohibition
*State Excise
| minister1 = [[Shantilal Shah]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Home
*Ex. Servicemen Welfare
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Planning
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Finance
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Minority Development and Waqfs
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Public Works
*Majority Welfare
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Urban Development
| minister1 = Narendra Mahipati Tidke
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Housing
*Printing Presses
| minister1 = D. S. Palaspagar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Small Savings
*Sports and Youth Welfare
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Homi J. H. Taleyarkhan]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Environment and Climate Change
*Co-operation
| minister1 = [[Keshavrao Sonawane]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*School Education
| minister1 = [[Homi J. H. Taleyarkhan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Higher and Technical Education
| minister1 = D. S. Palaspagar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Medical Education
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Ports Development
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Agriculture
| minister1 = [[G. B. Khedkar]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Keshavrao Sonawane]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Woman and Child Development
| minister1 = [[Sadashiv Govind Barve]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Transport
*Earthquake Rehabilitation
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Special Assistance
| minister1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =9 September 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = D. S. Palaspagar
| minister2_termstart = 9 September 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Protection
| minister1 = [[Keshavrao Sonawane]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
* Food and Drug Administration
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
* Relief & Rehabilitation
*Khar Land Development
| minister1 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
* Disaster Management
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
* Mining Department
| minister1 = [[Shantilal Shah]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Socially and Educationally Backward Classes
| minister1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = D. S. Palaspagar
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Special Backward Classes Welfare
| minister1 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Nomadic Tribesl Department
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Vimukta Jati
| minister1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Soil and Water Conservation
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Balasaheb Desai
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Marketing
| minister1 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Tourism
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Skill Development, Employment and Entrepreneurship
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Animal Husbandry Department
*Dairy Development
| minister1 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Narendra Mahipati Tidke
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Fisheries Department
| minister1 = P. K. Sawant
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Cultural Affairs
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Forests Department
| minister1 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Textiles
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Tribal Development
| minister1 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sadashiv Govind Barve]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Rural Development
| minister1 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Labour
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Other Backward Classes - OBC
| minister1 = [[Shantilal Shah]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Protocol
| minister1 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = D. S. Palaspagar
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Power
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Irrigation
| minister1 = Balasaheb Desai
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = P. K. Sawant
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Power
| minister1 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Command Area Development
| minister1 = Shankarrao Chavan
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Narendra Mahipati Tidke
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Horticulture
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Shantilal Shah]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Employment Guarantee
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Water Supply
| minister1 = [[Vasantrao Naik]] CM
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[P. K. Sawant]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Sanitation
| minister1 = Nirmala Raje Bhosale
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = Narendra Mahipati Tidke
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Marathi Language
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Industries
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[S. K. Wankhede]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*Public Health
| minister1 = G. B. Khedkar
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1967
| minister1_termend =27 October 1969
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 27 October 1969
| minister2_termend = 13 March 1972
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra state government ministries}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Maharashtra|Vasantrao II]]
[[Category:Maharashtra ministries|Vasantrao II]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1967|Vasantrao II]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1972|Vasantrao II]]

Kankaria Carnival

2025-07-22T22:10:33Z

BabulHossainjoy: starting basic post initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian annual festival}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| name = Kankaria Carnival
| image = Kankaria Carnival.JPG
| image_alt = Kankaria Carnival
| caption =
| native_name = કાંકરિયા કાર્નિવલ
| date = Last week of December
| venue = Kankaria Lake area
| location = Maninagar, [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.006|72.6011|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| organizers = [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]
| website = {{URL|https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/kankaria-carnival-1}}
}}

The '''Kankaria Carnival''' is an annual [[festival]] celebrated in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Commencing in the last week of December, the carnival has been a significant part of Ahmedabad's cultural festivities since 2008. It features a broad spectrum of activities including cultural programs, art exhibitions, amusement rides, and social initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-26 |title=Gujarat CM launches development projects of Rs 216 cr, inaugurates Kankaria carnival |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cm-launches-development-projects-of-rs-216-cr-inaugurates-kankaria-carnival-9082727/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-26 |title=Vijay Rupani inaugurates Kankaria Carnival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/rupani-inaugurates-kankaria-carnival/articleshow/62245650.cms |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-26 |title=Gujarat CM Inaugurates Week-Long 'Kankaria Carnival' In Ahmedabad |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/gujarat-cm-inaugurates-week-long-kankaria-carnival-in-ahmedabad-news-248225 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Initiated in 2008 to coincide with the renovation of the Kankaria Lake area, the carnival has seen various additions and changes over the years, adapting to circumstances such as the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-24 |title=Ahmedabad: Kankaria carnival will not be held |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/kankaria-carnival-will-not-be-held/articleshow/79377525.cms |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> when the event was held virtually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Pritu |date=2020-11-25 |title=Ahmedabad : Kankaria Carnival CANCELED for this year, 2840 active Corona cases in city |url=https://policenama.com/english/ahmedabad-kankaria-carnival-canceled-for-this-year-2840-active-corona-cases-in-city/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=पोलीसनामा (Policenama) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-20 |title=Kankaria Carnival: Attraction & Dates of Kankaria Carnival |url=https://ashaval.com/kankaria-carnival/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Connect Gujarat |date=2017-12-25 |title=Kankaria Carnival 2017 to start from today in Historic city, Ahmedabad |url=https://connectgujarat.com/kankaria-carnival-2017-to-start-from-today-in-historic-city-ahmedabad/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=connectgujarat.com |language=en}}</ref>

Annual activities include performances by artists, amusement rides, and a food court. The event emphasizes Gujarat's cultural heritage, offering a platform for local artists and entertainers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2023-12-25 |title=Live: Kankaria Carnival 2023 kicks off in Ahmedabad |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2023/12/25/live-kankaria-carnival-2023-kicks-off-in-ahmedabad/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2019-12-21 |title=Renown singers to give performances at Kankaria Carnival 2019 |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2019/12/21/renown-singers-to-give-performances-at-kankaria-carnival-2019/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kankaria Carnival to host singers Bhumika Shah, Aditya Gadhvi |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/kankaria-carnival-to-host-singers-bhumika-shah-aditya-gadhvi/81848983.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

The carnival plays a role in promoting tourism and fostering community spirit in Ahmedabad, contributing significantly to the local economy and cultural landscape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=VoI |first=Team |date=2023-12-27 |title=Kankaria Carnival: A Celebration of Culture And Artistry |url=https://www.vibesofindia.com/kankaria-carnival-a-celebration-of-culture-and-artistry/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Vibes Of India |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kankaria to get gifts galore this carnival |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/kankaria-to-get-gifts-galore-this-carnival/67236773.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref> It is organized by the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-25 |title=Gujarat CM inaugurates 7-day Kankaria Carnival in Ahmedabad |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cm-inaugurates-7-day-kankaria-carnival-in-ahmedabad-8343831/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kankaria Carnival}}
[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]
[[Category:Organised events in Ahmedabad]]

{{India-festival-stub}}

Westlife Foodworld

2025-07-03T03:30:44Z

BabulHossainjoy: created first stub added tags

{{short description|India fast food holding company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Westlife Foodworld Limited
| logo = Westlife Development logo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| trading_name =
| type = Public
| traded_as = {{BSE|505533}} {{NSE|WESTLIFE}}
| ISIN = INE274F01020
| industry = Restaurants
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1982|10|30}}
| founder = 
| hq_location = Tower 3, Indiabulls Finance Center, Senapati Bapat Marg, [[Elphinstone Road]]
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = India<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.westlife.co.in/contact.php |website=Westlife Development |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>
| num_locations = 305 outlets<ref>{{cite news |title=Westlife Development to launch 200 McDonald's outlets in next five years |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/westlife-development-to-launch-200-mcdonalds-outlets-in-next-five-years/article36988662.ece |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |access-date=11 June 2022 |language=en|first1=Meenakshi Verma|last1=Ambwani|first2=TV|last2=Jayan|date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
| num_locations_year = October 2021
| areas_served = {{ubl|[[Western India]]|[[South India]]}}
| key_people = Amit Jatia (Chaiperson)<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.westlife.co.in/board-of-directors.php |website=Westlife Development |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>

Smita Jatia (Vice Chaiperson)<ref>{{cite web |title=Westlife Foodworld elevates Amit Jatia as Chairperson and Smita Jatia as Vice Chairperson|url=https://www.hotelierindia.com/operations/westlife-foodworld-elevates-amit-jatia-as-chairperson-and-smita-jatia-as-vice-chairperson |website=Hotelier India |accessdate= 27 June 2025}}</ref>
| brands = {{ubl|[[McDonald's]]|[[McCafé]]}}
| services = Master franchisee for McDonald's in western and southern India
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2259|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23"/>
| profit = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|112|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Westlife Development net profit grows 30.3% to Rs 20.3 cr in March quarter |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/westlife-development-net-profit-grows-30-3-to-rs-20-3-cr-in-march-quarter-123050900993_1.html |access-date=7 November 2023 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>
| owners = {{ubl|Horizon Impex Pvt Ltd (30.4%)|Subh Ashish Exim Pvt Ltd (21.37%)|Makino Holdings Limited (7.64%)<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>}}
| num_employees = 6,905<ref>{{cite web |title=Investors |url=https://www.westlife.co.in/investors.php |website=Westlife Development |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>
| num_employees_year = FY18
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd.
| module = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.westlife.co.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Westlife Foodworld Limited''' (formerly '''Westlife Development Limited''')<ref>{{cite news |title=Westlife Development renamed Westlife Foodworld |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/westlife-development-renamed-westlife-foodworld-11667552848951.html |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=mint |date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[fast food restaurant]] [[holding company]]. Its wholly owned [[subsidiary]] Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. (HRPL) holds the [[master franchise]] for [[McDonald's]] in [[western India]] and [[South India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=McDonald's posts its first-ever profit in India after 22 years |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/mcdonald-posts-its-first-ever-profit-in-india-after-22-years/story/304280.html |website=Business Today |date=26 December 2018 |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Westlife Development Plans To Double McDonald's Store Count By 2022 |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/westlife-development-plans-to-double-mcdonalds-store-count-by-2022 |website=BloombergQuint |date=14 June 2018 |accessdate=19 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

McDonald's Indian subsidiary, McDonald's India Private Ltd., acquired complete ownership of Connaught Plaza Restaurants Limited, its other Indian master franchisee, on 9 May 2019, ending a partnership established in 1995 and leaving Westlife Development as McDonald's only third-party master franchisee in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhushan |first=Ratna |title=McDonald's buys Vikram Bakshi's 50% stake in Connaught Plaza Restaurants |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/mcdonalds-buys-vikram-bakshis-50-stake-in-connaught-plaza-restaurants/articleshow/69254066.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-12}}</ref>

==History==
Westlife Development was founded on 30 October 1982.<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2017-18 |url=https://www.westlife.co.in/download-pdf/Investor/AnnualReports/WDL_Annual%20Report-201718.pdf |website=Westlife Development |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref> Hardcastle Restaurants was established as a joint venture between Westlife Development and the [[McDonald's|McDonald's Corporation]] in 1995. McDonald’s as a fast food joint has been in operation in India Hardcastle opened its first McDonald's restaurant in [[Bandra]], Mumbai in 1996, three days after McDonald's other Indian franchisee have opened the first McDonald's outlet in the country in Basant Lok, [[Vasant Vihar]], Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title='As long as you are sure of what goes in your food, you're safe': Smita Jatia, MD, McDonald's India West and South - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/as-long-as-you-are-sure-of-what-goes-in-your-food-youre-safe-smita-jatia-md-mcdonalds-india-west-and-south/87499309 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |access-date=4 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The joint venture was converted into a master franchisee in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=McDonald's and its challenges worldwide: a market-by-market look |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f8ac22fc-a7c1-11e4-8e78-00144feab7de |website=Financial Times |date=29 January 2015 |accessdate=19 April 2019 |last1=Munshi |first1=Neil }}</ref> Amit Jatia, the Chairperson of Westlife Foodworld, acquired the McDonald's Corporation's 50% stake in Hardcastle for an undisclosed amount in late 2012. Hardcastle was merged into the listed group company Westlife Development, making the former a wholly owned subsidiary of the latter.<ref>{{cite news |title=McDonald's franchisee Hardcastle Restaurants merges with BSE-listed group company - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/McDonalds-franchisee-Hardcastle-Restaurants-merges-with-BSE-listed-group-company/articleshow/17525421.cms |website=The Times of India |date=7 December 2012 |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref> Westlife Development was listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] on 27 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=WDL Listing |url=https://www.westlife.co.in/wdl-listing.php |website=Westlife Development |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>

McDonald's breakfast menu was launched in 2010, and made available all day long at select outlets from 2016. The first McCafe was opened in Mumbai in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tandon |first1=Suneera |title=McDonald's is finally taking note that Indians have moved beyond the humble McAloo Tikki burger |url=https://qz.com/india/918594/mcdonalds-2-0/ |website=Quartz India |date=3 March 2017 |accessdate=19 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Hardcastle initiated a pilot project to use biodiesel made from used cooking oil to power its refrigerated supply delivery trucks some of its restaurants in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |title=McDonald's recycles used oil to power delivery trucks |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/mcdonalds-recycles-used-oil-to-power-delivery-trucks/102176 |website=Fortune India |date=4 July 2018 |accessdate=19 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Agarwal |first1=Sapna |title=McDonald's recycles used oil to power trucks in sustainability push |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Ukr19IT9g0CiFGmtvLdIjK/McDonalds-recycles-used-oil-to-power-trucks-in-sustainabili.html |website=Mint |accessdate=19 April 2019 |language=en |date=24 July 2018}}</ref> The program was successfully rolled out to half of the company outlets by July 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinto |first1=Viveat Susan |title=McDonald's does a first in India, converts used cooking oil into biodiesel |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mcdonald-s-does-a-first-in-india-converts-used-cooking-oil-into-biodiesel-118072301230_1.html |website=Business Standard India |accessdate=19 April 2019 |date=23 July 2018}}</ref> Hardcastle began rolling out self-ordering kiosks at McDonald's outlets in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agarwal |first1=Sapna |title=McDonald's bets on tech for better ratings |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/ex1hDzSRfDtDJnjv2FbEcM/McDonalds-bets-on-tech-for-better-ratings.html |website=Mint |accessdate=19 April 2019 |language=en |date=1 September 2018}}</ref> The first kiosk was installed at the outlet in CR2 Mall at Nariman Point, Mumbai in March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=McDonald's India launches its first EOTF restaurant in South Mumbai |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/mcdonald's-india-launches-its-first-eotf-restaurant-in-south-mumbai-68024.html |website=exchange4media |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|https://www.westlife.co.in}}
*[https://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/home.html McDonald's India]

[[Category:Fast-food chains of India]]
[[Category:McDonald's| ]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1982]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]

Tura Assembly constituency

2025-05-12T19:46:42Z

BabulHossainjoy: created the stub needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tura
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 39,698
| mla = Purno Agitok Sangma
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Tura Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=2 | Singjan Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Sanford K. Marak
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Purno Agitok Sangma
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Joylange Momin
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Kulert Cheran Momin || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Billy Kid A. Sangma
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Purno Agitok Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Purno Agitok Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=10,881 |percentage=35.41% |change={{increase}}21.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Billy Kid A. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=8,056 |percentage=26.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=John Leslee K. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=5,186 |percentage=16.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Cyrus Tangseng D. Shira |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,617 |percentage=8.52% |change={{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Albert A. Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,438 |percentage=4.68% |change={{decrease}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulert Cheran Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,286 |percentage=4.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tinash Ch. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,265 |percentage=4.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,825 |percentage=9.19% |change= {{increase}}1.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,729 |percentage=77.41% |change= {{increase}}20.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,698 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}5.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Billy Kid A. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=7,171 |percentage=30.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=John Leslee K. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=5,394 |percentage=22.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=John S. D. Shira |party=Independent politician |votes=3,370 |percentage=14.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulert Cheran Momin |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,304 |percentage=14.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joylance Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,175 |percentage=9.22% |change={{decrease}}22.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roster Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,693 |percentage=7.17% |change={{decrease}}12.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indrajit A. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=493 |percentage=2.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,777 |percentage=7.53% |change= {{increase}}5.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,600 |percentage=57.36% |change= {{increase}}0.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,142 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}2.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulert Cheran Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=7,126 |percentage=33.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joylance Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,741 |percentage=31.40% |change={{decrease}}17.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Albert A. Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,284 |percentage=19.96% |change={{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khirode Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,797 |percentage=8.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indrajit A. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,517 |percentage=7.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=385 |percentage=1.79% |change= {{decrease}}30.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,465 |percentage=58.30% |change= {{decrease}}7.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,925 |ref = |change= {{increase}}37.08 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}15.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Joylange Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,617 |percentage=48.55% |change={{decrease}}0.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Enila Shira |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,972 |percentage=16.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Irwin K. Sangma |party=Meghalaya Progressive People's Party |votes=2,469 |percentage=13.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milton Sangam |party=Hill People's Union |votes=2,460 |percentage=13.86% |change={{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=F. Javeri Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,231 |percentage=6.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,645 |percentage=31.80% |change= {{increase}}21.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,749 |percentage=65.50% |change= {{decrease}}7.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,667 |ref = |change= {{increase}}37.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Purno Agitok Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,003 |percentage=48.61% |change={{increase}}11.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lamberth Sangma |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference (Armison Marak Group) |votes=5,494 |percentage=38.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barthiar Marak |party=Hill People's Union |votes=1,909 |percentage=13.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,509 |percentage=10.47% |change= {{increase}}7.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,406 |percentage=73.63% |change= {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,151 |ref = |change= {{increase}}34.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanford K. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,754 |percentage=37.48% |change={{decrease}}1.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wilnam A. Sangma |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=3,407 |percentage=34.02% |change={{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barthiar Mark |party=Independent politician |votes=1,282 |percentage=12.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bropathson Daring |party=Independent politician |votes=850 |percentage=8.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Robin Rema |party=Communist Party of India |votes=333 |percentage=3.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singjan Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=222 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arquish Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=168 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=347 |percentage=3.46% |change= {{decrease}}5.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,016 |percentage=68.82% |change= {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,948 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.67 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Singjan Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,842 |percentage=39.15% |change={{decrease}}12.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fridina Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=2,184 |percentage=30.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mody K. Marak |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,167 |percentage=16.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jangsan K. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,067 |percentage=14.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=658 |percentage=9.06% |change= {{decrease}}7.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,260 |percentage=64.62% |change= {{increase}}20.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,708 |ref = |change= {{increase}}72.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}12.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Tura<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Singjan Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,451 |percentage=51.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jangsan K. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=969 |percentage=34.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Herilla B Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=295 |percentage=10.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Changran Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=111 |percentage=3.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=482 |percentage=17.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,826 |percentage=44.25% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,791 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Kochuveli–Yesvantpur Garib Rath Express

2024-10-20T17:12:19Z

BabulHossainjoy: brief refined page after review and added references per standard format

#REDIRECT [[Thiruvananthapuram North–Yesvantpur Garib Rath Express]]

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