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Adolescent sexuality

2026-06-01T14:54:14Z

BSHindia: Biography

{{short description|Stage of human development}}
'''Adolescent sexuality''' is a stage of [[Human development (biology)|human development]] in which [[adolescence|adolescents]] experience and explore [[sexuality|sexual feelings]]. Interest in sexuality intensifies during the onset of [[puberty]], and sexuality is often a vital aspect of teenagers' lives.<ref name="sex lives2">{{cite book |title=The Sex Lives of Teenagers |last=Ponton |first=Lynn |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-452-28260-5 |publisher=Dutton |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/sexlivesofteenag00lynn/page/2 2] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sexlivesofteenag00lynn/page/2 }}</ref> [[Sexual interest]] may be expressed in a number of ways, such as [[flirting]], [[kissing]], [[masturbation]], or having sex with a partner. Sexual interest among adolescents, as among adults, can vary greatly, and is influenced by cultural [[Norm (sociology)|norms]] and [[mores]], [[sex education]], as well as [[Comprehensive sex education|comprehensive sexuality education]] provided, [[sexual orientation]], and [[social control]]s such as [[age-of-consent]] laws.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002607/260770e.pdf|title=International technical guidance on sexuality education: An evidence-informed approach|publisher=UNESCO|year=2018|isbn=978-92-3-100259-5|location=Paris|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111072955/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002607/260770e.pdf|archive-date=2018-01-11}}</ref>

Sexual activity in general is associated with various risks and this is heightened by the unfamiliar excitement of sexual arousal, the attention connected to being sexually attractive, and the new level of [[physical intimacy]] and psychological vulnerability created by sexual encounters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Crockett |first1=Lisa |last2=Raffaelli |first2=Marcela |last3=Moilanen |first3=Kristin |date=2003-01-01 |title=Adolescent Sexuality: Behavior and Meaning |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/245 |journal=Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology}}</ref> The risks of sexual intercourse include [[unwanted pregnancy]] and contracting a [[sexually transmitted infection]] such as [[HIV/AIDS]], which can be reduced with availability and use of a [[condom]] or adopting other [[safe sex]] practices. [[Contraceptives]] specifically reduce the chance of [[teenage pregnancy]].

==Development of sexuality==
Adolescent sexuality begins at puberty. The sexual maturation process produces sexual interest and stimulates thought processes. Subsequent sexual behavior starts with the secretion of [[hormone]]s from the [[hypothalamus]] and [[anterior pituitary gland]]. These hormones target the sexual organs and begin their maturation. Increasing levels of [[androgen]] and [[estrogen]] have an effect on the thought processes of adolescents and have been described as being in the minds "of almost all adolescents a good deal of the time".<ref name=feldman2015>{{cite book |last=Feldman |first=Robert |title=Discovering the life span |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston |year=2015 |isbn=9780205992317}}</ref>

Though most female adolescents begin their sexual maturation process in normal, predictable ways, there may be concerns by parents and clinicians if the following become evident:
* painful menstruation
* chronic pelvic pain
* partial vaginal outflow obstruction/imperforate hymen
* possible anatomical defects<ref name=marc2015>{{cite book |last=Marcdante |first=Karen |title=Nelson essentials of pediatrics |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2015 |isbn=9781455759804}} Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh.</ref>

==Views on sexual activity==

One study from 1996 documented the interviews of a sample of [[junior high school]] students in the United States. The girls were less likely to state that they ever had sex than adolescent boys. Among boys and girls who had experienced [[sexual intercourse]], the proportion of girls and boys who had recently had sex and were regularly sexually active was the same.<ref name = "DeGaston" >{{cite journal |author1=De Gaston J. F. |author2=Weed S. |year=1996 |title=Understanding gender differences in adolescent sexuality |journal=Adolescence |volume=31 |issue=121 |pages=217–231 |pmid=9173787}}</ref> Those conducting the study speculated that fewer girls say they have ever had sex because girls viewed teenage parenthood as more of a problem than boys. Girls were thought to be more restricted in their sexual attitudes; they were more likely than boys to believe that they would be able to control their sexual urges. Girls had a more negative association in how being sexually active could affect their future goals. In general, girls said they felt less pressure from peers to begin having sex, while boys reported feeling more pressure.<ref name = "DeGaston" />

A later study questioned the attitudes of adolescents. When asked about [[abstinence]], many girls reported they felt conflicted. They were trying to balance maintaining a good reputation with trying to maintain a romantic relationship and wanting to behave in adult-like ways. Boys viewed having [[Sexual capital|sex as social capital]]. Many boys believed that their male peers who were abstinent would not as easily climb the social ladder as sexually active boys. Some boys said that for them, the risks that may come from having sex were not as bad as the social risks that could come from remaining abstinent.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ott M. A. |author2=Pfeiffer E. J. |author3=Fortenberry J. D. |year=2006 |title=Perceptions of Sexual Abstinence among High-Risk Early and Middle Adolescents |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=192–198 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.009 |pmid=16857530}}</ref>

===Concepts about loss of virginity===
{{See also|Virginity#Definitions of virginity loss}}
In the United States, federally mandated programs started in 1980 and promoted adolescent abstinence from sexual intercourse, which resulted in teens turning to [[oral sex]], which about a third of teens considered a form of abstinence in a study.<ref>{{cite book | last = Orenstein | first = Peggy | title = Girls & sex : navigating the complicated new landscape | publisher = Harper, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers | location = New York, NY | year = 2016 | isbn = 9780062209726 }}</ref>

Until their first act of sexual intercourse, adolescents generally see virginity in one of the following ways: as a gift, a stigma, or a normal step in development. Girls typically think of virginity as a gift, while boys think of virginity as a stigma.<ref name="Carpenter">{{cite journal |author =Carpenter L. M. |year=2002 |title=Gender and the meaning and experience of virginity loss in the contemporary United States |journal=Gender and Society |volume=16 |issue= 3|pages=345–365 |doi=10.1177/0891243202016003005|s2cid=145111320 }}</ref> In interviews, girls said that they viewed giving someone their virginity as like giving them a very special gift. Because of this, they often expected something in return such as increased emotional intimacy with their partners or the virginity of their partner. However, they often felt disempowered because of this; they often did not feel like they actually received what they expected in return and this made them feel like they had less power in their relationship. They felt that they had given something up and did not feel like this action was recognized.<ref name="Carpenter" />

Thinking of virginity as a [[Social stigma|stigma]] disempowered many boys because they felt deeply ashamed and often tried to hide the fact that they were virgins from their partners, which for some resulted in their partners teasing them and criticizing them about their limited sexual techniques. The girls who viewed virginity as a stigma did not experience this shaming. Even though they privately thought of virginity as a stigma, these girls believed that society valued their virginity because of the stereotype that women are sexually passive. This, they said, made it easier for them to lose their virginity once they wanted to because they felt society had a more positive view on female virgins and that this may have made them sexually attractive. Thinking of losing virginity as part of a natural developmental process resulted in less power imbalance between boys and girls because these individuals felt less affected by other people and were more in control of their individual sexual experience.<ref name="Carpenter" /> Adolescent boys, however, were more likely than adolescent girls to view their loss of virginity as a positive aspect of their sexuality because it is more accepted by peers.<ref name="Carpenter" />

==Behavior==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float: right; clear: right"
|+ Prevalence of sexually experienced 15-year-olds<ref name="Godeau et al." />
|-
!Country
!Boys (%)
!Girls (%)
|-
|[[Austria]] || 21.7 || 17.9
|-
|[[Belgium]] || 24.6 || 23
|-
|[[Canada]] || 24.1 || 23.9
|-
|[[Croatia]] || 21.9 || 8.3
|-
|[[England]] || 34.9 || 39.9
|-
|[[Estonia]] || 18.8 || 14.1
|-
|[[Finland]] || 23.1 || 32.7
|-
|[[France]] || 25.1 || 17.7
|-
|[[Greece]] || 32.5 || 9.5
|-
|[[Hungary]] || 25 || 16.3
|-
|[[Israel]] || 31 || 8.2
|-
|[[Latvia]] || 19.2 || 12.4
|-
|[[Lithuania]] || 24.4 || 9.2
|-
|[[North Macedonia]] || 34.2 || 2.7
|-
|[[Netherlands]] || 23.3 || 20.5
|-
|[[Poland]] || 20.5 || 9.3
|-
|[[Portugal]] || 29.2 || 19.1
|-
|[[Scotland]] || 32.1 || 34.1
|-
|[[Slovenia]] || 45.2 || 23.1
|-
|[[Spain]] || 17.2 || 13.9
|-
|[[Sweden]] || 24.6 || 29.9
|-
|[[Switzerland]] || 24.1 || 20.3
|-
|[[Ukraine]] || 25.1 || 24
|-
|[[Wales]] || 27.3 || 38.5
|}

===Birth control===
In 2002, a survey was conducted in European nations about the sexual behavior of teenagers. In a sample of 15-year-olds from 24 countries, most participants self-reported that they had not experienced sexual intercourse. Among those who were sexually active, the majority (82.3%) had used [[contraception]] at last intercourse.<ref name="Godeau et al.">{{cite journal |vauthors=Godeau E, Nic Gabhainn S, Vignes C, Ross J, Boyce W, Todd J |title=Contraceptive use by 15-year-old students at their last sexual intercourse: results from 24 countries |journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med |volume=162 |issue=1 |pages=66–73 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18180415 |doi=10.1001/archpediatrics.2007.8 |doi-access=free |hdl=10379/11683 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

A nationally representative Danish study found that teenage girls who use [[combined oral contraceptive pill|the most common form of birth control pills]], combination birth control pills with both estrogen and progestin, are 80% more likely to be prescribed an [[antidepressant]] than girls who were not taking birth control.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Skovlund CW, Mørch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard Ø |title=Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression |journal=JAMA Psychiatry |date=1 November 2016 |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1154–1162 |doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387 |pmid=27680324 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2552796 |doi-access=free|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4517247/birth-control-depression-risk/|title=Your Birth Control Pill Might Raise Your Depression Risk|first=Amanda |last=MacMillan |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=2016-10-05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005015720/http://time.com/4517247/birth-control-depression-risk/|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Girls who take progestin-only pills are 120% more likely.<ref name=":0" /> The risk of depression is tripled for teenage girls who use non-oral forms of [[hormonal contraception]].<ref name=":0" />

===Adolescent sexual functioning: gender similarities and differences===
Lucia O'Sullivan and her colleagues studied adolescent sexual functioning: they compared an adolescent sample with an adult sample and found no significant differences between them. Desire, satisfaction and sexual functioning were generally high among their sample of participants (aged 15–21). Additionally, no significant gender differences were found in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction.<ref name = "Osullivan" >{{cite journal |author1=O'Sullivan Lucia |author2=Majerovich JoAnn |year=2008 |title=Difficulties with sexual functioning in a sample of male and female late adolescent and young adult university students |journal=The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=109–121 |hdl=1882/31298 |url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-191855891/difficulties-with-sexual-functioning-in-a-sample-of |via= |url-access= |access-date=2020-03-31 |archive-date=2020-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724234450/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-191855891/difficulties-with-sexual-functioning-in-a-sample-of |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In terms of problems with sexual functioning mentioned by participants in this study, the most common problems listed for males were experiencing anxiety about performing sexually (81.4%) and premature ejaculation (74.4%). Other common problems included issues becoming erect and difficulties with ejaculation. Generally, most problems were not experienced on a chronic basis. Common problems for girls included difficulties with [[Orgasm|sexual climax]] (86.7%), not feeling sexually interested during a sexual situation (81.2%), unsatisfactory [[vaginal lubrication]] (75.8%), anxiety about performing sexually (75.8%) and painful intercourse (25.8%). Most problems listed by the girls were not persistent problems. However, inability to experience orgasm seemed to be an issue that was persistent for some participants.<ref name = "Osullivan" />

The authors detected four trends during their interviews: [[sexual pleasure]] increased with the amount of sexual experience the participants had; those who had experienced sexual difficulties were typically sex-avoidant; some participants continued to engage in regular sexual activity even if they had low interest; and lastly, many experienced pain when engaging in sexual activity if they experienced low arousal.<ref name = "Osullivan" />

Another study found that it was not uncommon for adolescent girls in relationships to report they felt little desire to engage in sexual activity when they were in relationships. However, many girls engaged in sexual activity even if they did not desire it, in order to avoid what they think might place strains on their relationships.<ref name = "Tolman">{{cite journal |last=Tolman |first=Deborah L. |year=2002 |title=Female adolescent sexuality: an argument for a developmental perspective on the new view of women's sexual problems |journal=[[Women & Therapy]] |volume=42 |issue=1–2 |pages=195–209 |doi=10.1300/J015v24n01_21 |s2cid=142540904 }}</ref> The researcher states that this may be because of society's pressure on girls to be "good girls"; the pressure to be "good" may make adolescent girls think they are not supposed to feel desire like boys do. Even when girls said they did feel sexual desire, they said that they felt like they were not supposed to, and often tried to cover up their feelings. This has been cited as an example of how societal expectations about gender can impact adolescent sexual functioning.<ref name = "Tolman" />

=== Gender disparities in oral sex among adolescents ===
There are gender differences in the giving and receiving of oral sex. One study demonstrated that young men expected to receive oral sex more than young women expected to receive it, with 43% of men and 20% of women expecting to receive it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stone|first1=Nicole|last2=Hatherall|first2=Bethan|last3=Ingham|first3=Roger|last4=McEachran|first4=Juliet|date=March 2006|title=Oral Sex and Condom Use Among Young People In the United Kingdom|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1363/3800606|journal=Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=6–12|doi=10.1363/3800606|pmid=16554266|issn=1538-6341|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Additionally more young men reported having oral-penis contact over oral-vulva contact with a different gender.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Oral sex and condom use among young people in the United Kingdom|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|year=2010|language=en|volume=7|doi=10.1111/jsm.2010.7.issue-s5}}</ref> Young men also receive more frequent oral sex than young women. One study with U.S. college students reported 62% of female participants were more likely to report giving oral sex more than they received it.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Oral sex: Varied behaviors and perceptions in a college population. Journal of Sex Research|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|year=2007|language=en|volume=44|issue=1|doi=10.1207/jsr.2007.44.issue-1|issn=0022-4499}}</ref> However similar proportions of young men and women report having experienced oral sex.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mercer|first1=Catherine H|last2=Tanton|first2=Clare|last3=Prah|first3=Philip|last4=Erens|first4=Bob|last5=Sonnenberg|first5=Pam|last6=Clifton|first6=Soazig|last7=Macdowall|first7=Wendy|last8=Lewis|first8=Ruth|last9=Field|first9=Nigel|last10=Datta|first10=Jessica|last11=Copas|first11=Andrew J|date=November 2013|title=Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal)|url= |journal=The Lancet|volume=382|issue=9907|pages=1781–1794|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62035-8|issn=0140-6736|pmc=3899021|pmid=24286784}}</ref>

===In Brazil===

According to a 2007 study, the average age Brazilians lose their virginity is 17, the second-lowest number in the countries researched (first was Austria). They also ranked low at using condoms at their first time, at 47.9% (the study also found that people of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to use condoms). 58.4% of women reported that they lost their virginity in a committed relationship, versus only 18.9% of men. Brazil scored among the countries where people have the most positive feelings about their first time, with loss of virginity being associated with pleasure and an increase in maturity (in contrast with Japan, the country that reported the most negative feelings about losing their virginity).<ref>[https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/0,,MUL63630-5598,00.html Brazilians among those who lose virginity earliest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702042731/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/0%2C%2CMUL63630-5598%2C00.html |date=2013-07-02 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref>

In another research, leading the international ranking, 29.6% of Brazilian men lost their virginity before age 15 (versus 8.8% of women), but the average is really losing virginity at age 16.5 and marrying at age 24 for men, and losing virginity at age 18.5 and marrying at age 20 for women.<ref>[http://www.saudeemmovimento.com.br/reportagem/noticia_print.asp?cod_noticia=2238 Saúde em Movimento's Health Journal – 30% of Brazilian boys lose their virginity before age 15, Brazil leads ranking] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114222632/http://www.saudeemmovimento.com.br/reportagem/noticia_print.asp?cod_noticia=2238 |date=January 14, 2014 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> These do not differ much from national figures. In 2005, 80% of then adolescents lost their virginity before their seventeenth birthday, and about 1 in each 5 new children in the country were born to an adolescent mother,<ref>[http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EDR70422-6014,00.html Época – The Brazilian through statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210647/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0%2C%2CEDR70422-6014%2C00.html |date=2013-10-29 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> where the number of children per women is solely 1.7 in average, below the natural replacement and the third lowest in independent countries of the Americas, after Canada and Cuba.

A 2013 report through national statistics of students of the last grade before high school, aged generally (86%) 13–15, found out 28.7% of them already had lost their virginity, with both demographics of 40.1% of boys and 18.3% of girls having reduced their rate since the last research, in 2009, that found the results as 30.5% overall, 43.7% for boys and 18.7% for girls. Further about the 2013 research, 30.9% of those studying in public schools were already sexually initiated, versus 18% in private ones; 24.7% of sexually initiated adolescents did not use a condom in their most recent sexual activity (22.9% of boys, 28.2% of girls), in spite of at the school environment 89.1% of them receiving orientation about STDs, 69.7% receiving orientation of where to acquire condoms for free (as part of a public health campaign from the Brazilian government) and 82.9% had heard of other forms of contraceptive methods.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/educacao/ibge-287-dos-estudantes-entre-13-e-15-anos-dizem-ja-ter-perdido-virgindade,a629d64ef8c5f310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html IBGE: 28.7% of students aged 13-15 said they already have lost their virginity – Terra Educação] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115144637/http://noticias.terra.com.br/educacao/ibge-287-dos-estudantes-entre-13-e-15-anos-dizem-ja-ter-perdido-virgindade,a629d64ef8c5f310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html |date=2014-01-15 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref>

===In Canada===

One group of Canadian researchers found a relationship between self-esteem and sexual activity. They found that students, especially girls, who were verbally abused by teachers or rejected by their peers were more likely than other students to have sex by the end of the Grade 7. The researchers speculate that low self-esteem increases the likelihood of sexual activity: "low self-esteem seemed to explain the link between peer rejection and early sex. Girls with a poor self-image may see sex as a way to become 'popular', according to the researchers".<ref>[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_55689.html Peer rejection tied to early sex in pre-teens] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011012252/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_55689.html |date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref>

===In India===

In [[India]] there is growing evidence that adolescents are becoming more sexually active. It is feared that this will lead to an increase in spread of [[AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] among adolescents, increase the number of unwanted pregnancies and [[abortion]]s, and give rise to conflict between contemporary social values. Adolescents have relatively poor access to health care and education. With cultural norms opposing extramarital sexual behavior, R.S. Goyal fears "these implications may acquire threatening dimensions for the society and the nation".<ref name="india girls">{{Cite web |url=http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=50332 |title=Socio-psychological Constructs of Premarital Sex Behavior among Adolescent Girls in India |access-date=2007-01-21 |publisher=Princeton University |author=R.S.Goya |work=Abstract |format=pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610120429/http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=50332 |archive-date=2007-06-10 }}</ref>

;Motivation and frequency:
Sexual relationships outside marriage are not uncommon among teenage boys and girls in India. In a random study of 100 couples, the best predictor of whether or not a girl would be having sex is if her friends were engaging in the same activities. For those girls whose friends were having a physical relationship with a boy, 84.4% were engaging in the same behavior. Only 24.8% of girls whose friends were not having a physical relationship had one themselves. In urban areas, 25.2% of girls have had intercourse and in rural areas 20.9% have. Better indicators of whether or not girls were having sex were their employment and school status. Girls who were not attending school were 14.2% (17.4% v. 31.6%) more likely to be having sex; for girls who were employed this number was 14.4% (36.0% v. 21.6%).<ref name="india girls"/>

In the Indian sociocultural milieu girls have less access to parental love, schools, opportunities for self-development and freedom of movement than boys do. It has been argued that they may rebel against this lack of access or seek out affection through physical relationships with boys. While the data reflects trends to support this theory, it is inconclusive.<ref name="india girls" /> The freedom to communicate with adolescent boys was restricted for girls regardless of whether they lived in an urban or rural setting, and regardless of whether they went to school or not. More urban girls than rural girls discussed sex with their friends. Those who did not may have felt "the subject of sexuality in itself is considered an 'adult issue' and a taboo or it may be that some respondents were wary of revealing such personal information."<ref name="india know">{{cite journal|author1=Dhoundiyal Manju |author2=Venkatesh Renuka |title=Knowledge regarding human sexuality among adolescent girls |journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics |year=2006 |volume=73 |issue=8 |pages=743 |doi=10.1007/BF02898460 |pmid=16936373 |s2cid=31606897 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

;Contraceptive use:
Among Indian girls, Goyal claims that "misconceptions about sex, sexuality and sexual health were large. However, adolescents having sex relationships were somewhat better informed about the sources of spread of STDs and HIV/AIDS."<ref name="india girls" /> While 40% of sexually active girls were aware that condoms could help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce the likelihood of pregnancy, only 10.5% used a condom during the last time they had intercourse.<ref name="india girls" />

===In the Netherlands===
According to Advocates for Youth, the United States' teen pregnancy rate is over four times as much as it is in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/419-adolescent-sexual-health-in-europe-and-the-us |title=Adolescent Sexual Health in Europe and the US |access-date=2015-04-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114433/http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/419-adolescent-sexual-health-in-europe-and-the-us |archive-date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> In comparison, in the documentary, ''Let's Talk About Sex'', a photographer named James Houston travels from Los Angeles to D.C. and to the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/press-room/1811-lets-talk-about-sex-documentary-and-campaign-take-on-sexual-health-crisis |title='Let's Talk About Sex' Documentary and Campaign Take on Sexual Health Crisis |access-date=2015-04-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095651/http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/press-room/1811-lets-talk-about-sex-documentary-and-campaign-take-on-sexual-health-crisis |archive-date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> In the Netherlands, he contrasts European and American attitudes about sex. From the HIV rates to the contemplations of teen parenthood in America, Houston depicts a society in which America and the Netherlands differ.

Most Dutch parents practice vigilant leniency,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVBV86xxG10C&q=vigilant+leniency&pg=PA153|title=Not Under My Roof: Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex|first=Amy T.|last=Schalet|date=30 September 2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|access-date=7 May 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9780226736204}}</ref> in which they have a strong familial bond and are open to letting their children make their own decisions.

''[[Gezelligheid]]'' is a term used by many Dutch adolescents to describe their relationship with their family. The atmosphere is open and there is little that is not discussed between parents and children.

Amy Schalet, author of ''Not Under My Roof: Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex'' discusses in her book how the practices of Dutch parents strengthen their bonds with their children. Teenagers feel more comfortable about their sexuality and engage in discussion with their parents about it. A majority of Dutch parents feel comfortable allowing their teenagers to have their significant other spend the night.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schalet |first1=Amy |title=Not Under My Roof: Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex |date=2011 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago}}</ref>

==Same-sex attractions among adolescents==
Adolescent girls and boys who are attracted to others of the same sex are strongly affected by their surroundings in that adolescents often decide to express their sexualities or keep them secret depending on certain factors in their societies. These factors affect girls and boys differently. If girls’ schools and religions are against same sex attractions, they pose the greatest obstacles to girls who experience same sex attractions. These factors were not listed as affecting boys as much. The researchers suggest that maybe this is because not only are some religions against same-sex attraction, but they also encourage traditional roles for women and do not believe that women can carry out these roles as lesbians. Schools may affect girls more than boys because strong emphasis is placed on girls to date boys, and many school activities place high importance on heterosexuality (such as cheerleading).<ref name = "Waldner" >{{cite journal |author1=Waldner Haugrud |author2=Macgruder B |year=1996 |title=Homosexual identity expression among lesbian and gay adolescents: An analysis of perceived structural associations |journal=Youth & Society |volume=27 |issue= 3|pages=313–333 |doi=10.1177/0044118X96027003003|s2cid=144535451 }}</ref> Additionally, the idea of not conforming to typical male gender roles inhibited many boys from openly expressing their same-sex attraction. The worry of conforming to gender roles did not inhibit girls from expressing their same-gender preferences as much, because society is generally more flexible about their gender expression.<ref name = "Waldner" />

Researchers such as [[Lisa Diamond]] are interested in how some adolescents depart from the socially constructed norms of gender and sexuality. She found that some girls, when faced with the option of choosing "heterosexual", "same-sex attracted" or "bisexual", preferred not to choose a label because their feelings do not fit into any of those categories.<ref>{{cite journal |author =Diamond L |year=2000 |title=Sexual identity, attractions, and behavior among young sexual-minority women over a two-year period |journal=Developmental Psychology |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=241–250 |pmid=10749081 |doi=10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.241}}</ref>

==Sexually transmitted infections==
Adolescents have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared to older groups. Sexually active adolescents are more likely to believe that they will not contract a sexually transmitted infection than adults. Adolescents are more likely to have an infected partner and less likely to receive health care when an STI is suspected. They are also less likely to comply with the treatment for an STI. Coinfection is common among adolescents.<ref name=marc2015/>

An STI can have a large negative physiological and psychological effect on an adolescent. The goal of the pediatrician is for early diagnosis and treatment. Early treatment is important for preventing medical complications and infertility. Prevention of STIs should be a priority for all health care providers for adolescents. Diagnosis of an STI begins the evaluation of concomitant STIs and the notification and treatment of sexual partners. Some states in the US require the reporting of STIs to the state's health department.<ref name=marc2015/>

==Media influence==
Modern media contains more sexual messages than was true in the past and the effects on teen sexual behavior remain relatively unknown.<ref>{{cite journal |author =Brown JD |title=Mass media influences on sexuality |journal=J Sex Res |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=42–5 |date=February 2002 |pmid=12476255 |doi=10.1080/00224490209552118|s2cid=6342646 }}</ref> Only 9% of the sex scenes on 1,300 of cable network programming discusses and deals with the potentially negative consequences of sexual behavior.<ref>Pawlowski, Cheryl., PH d. Glued to the Tube., Sourcebooks, INC., Naperville, Il.2000.</ref> The internet may further provide adolescents with poor information on health issues, sexuality, and sexual violence.<ref>Subrahmanyam, Kaveri., Greenfield, Patricia, M., Tynes, Brendesha. The Internet Influences Teen Sexual Attitudes. Teen Sexuality:Opposing Viewpoints 2006.</ref>

A study on examining sexual messages in popular TV shows found that 2 out of 3 programs contained sexually related actions. 1 out of 15 shows included scenes of sexual intercourse itself. Shows featured a variety of sexual messages, including characters talking about when they wanted to have sex and how to use sex to keep a relationship alive. Some researchers believe that adolescents can use these messages as well as the sexual actions they see on TV in their own sexual lives.<ref>{{cite journal |author =Brown J. D. |year=2002 |title=Mass media influences on sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=42–45 |pmid=12476255 |doi=10.1080/00224490209552118|s2cid=6342646 }}</ref>

The results of a study by [[Deborah Tolman]] and her colleagues indicated that adolescent exposure to sexuality on television ''in general'' does not directly affect their sexual behaviors, rather it is the ''type'' of message they view that has the most impact.<ref name = "TolmanTV" >{{cite journal |vauthors=Tolman DL, Kim JL, Schooler D, Sorsoli CL |title=Rethinking the associations between television viewing and adolescent sexuality development: bringing gender into focus |journal=J Adolesc Health |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=84.e9–16 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17185211 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.08.002 }}</ref> Gender stereotypes enacted in sexual scenes on TV were seen to have a large effect on adolescents. Girls felt they had less control over their sexuality when they saw men objectifying women and not valuing commitment. The study discussed the risk of women internalizing this message and spreading the idea that it is okay to be weak and answer to men all the time. However, girls who saw women on TV who refuted men's sexual advances usually felt more comfortable talking about their own sexual needs in their sexual experiences as well as standing up for themselves. They were comfortable setting sexual limits and therefore held more control over their sexuality. Findings for boys were less clear; those who saw dominant and aggressive men actually had fewer sexual experiences.<ref name = "TolmanTV" />

However some scholars have argued that such claims of media effects have been premature.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Steinberg L, Monahan KC |title=Age differences in resistance to peer influence |journal=Dev Psychol |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1531–43 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18020830 |pmc=2779518 |doi=10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1531 }}</ref> Furthermore, according to US government health statistics, teens have delayed the onset of sexual intercourse in recent years, despite increasing amounts of sexual media.<ref>childstats.gov</ref>

A 2008 study wanted to find out if there was any correlation between sexual content shown in the media and teenage pregnancy. Research showed that teens who viewed high levels of sexual content were twice as likely to get pregnant within three years compared to those teens who were not exposed to as much sexual content. The study concluded that the way media portrays sex has a huge effect on adolescent sexuality.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Chandra A|author2= Martino SC|author3= Collins RL|author4= Elliott MN|author5= Berry SH|author6= Kanouse DE|author7= Miu A| year = 2008 | title = Does Watching Sex on Television Predict Teen Pregnancy? Findings From a National Longitudinal Survey of Youth | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 122 | issue = 5| pages = 1047–1054 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-3066 | pmid=18977986|s2cid= 46352257}}</ref>

==Teenage pregnancy==
{{Main|Teenage pregnancy}}

Adolescent girls become fertile following the [[menarche]] (first menstrual period), which normally occurs between age 11 to 12. After menarche, [[sexual intercourse]] (especially without [[contraception]]) can lead to [[pregnancy]]. The pregnant teenager may then [[miscarriage|miscarry]], have an [[abortion]], or carry the child to [[birth|full term]].

Pregnant teenagers face many of the same issues of childbirth as women in their 20s and 30s. However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under 15 and those living in developing countries. For example, [[obstetric fistula]] is a particular issue for very young mothers in poorer regions.<ref name="savethechildren">{{cite journal|title=Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries|first=Susan|last=Mayor|date=13 May 2004|journal=BMJ|volume=328|issue=7449|pages=1152|doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1152-a|pmid=15142897|pmc=411126}}</ref> For mothers between 15 and 19, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age.<ref name=makinson>{{cite journal |author =Makinson C |title=The health consequences of teenage fertility |journal=Fam Plann Perspect |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=132–9 |year=1985 |pmid=2431924 |doi=10.2307/2135024 |jstor=2135024}}</ref> However, research has shown that the risk of [[low birth weight]] is connected to the biological age itself, as it was observed in teen births even after controlling for other risk factors (such as utilisation of antenatal care etc.).<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/01443610410001685529 |title=Poor obstetric performance of teenagers: is it age- or quality of care-related? |year=2004 |last1=Loto |first1=OM |last2=Ezechi |first2=OC |last3=Kalu |first3=BKE |last4=Loto |first4=Anthonia B |last5=Ezechi |first5=Lilian O |last6=Ogunniyi |first6=SO |journal=Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=395–8 |pmid=15203579|s2cid=43808921 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17214178 |year=1995 |last1=Abalkhail |first1=BA |title=Adolescent pregnancy: Are there biological barriers for pregnancy outcomes? |volume=70 |issue=5–6 |pages=609–25 |journal=The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association}}</ref>

Worldwide, rates of teenage births range widely. For example, [[sub-Saharan Africa]] has a high proportion of teenage mothers whereas industrialized Asian countries such as [[South Korea]] and [[Japan]] have very low rates.<ref name="globalis">[http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator.cfm?IndicatorID=127 Indicator: Births per 1000 women (15–19 ys) – 2002] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713173733/http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator.cfm?IndicatorID=127 |date=July 13, 2007 }} UNFPA, State of World Population 2003, Retrieved 22 January 2007.</ref> Teenage pregnancy in [[developed country|developed countries]] is usually outside of marriage, and carries a [[social stigma]]; teenage mothers and their children in developed countries show lower [[education]]al levels, higher rates of [[poverty]], and other poorer "life outcomes" compared with older mothers and their children.<ref name="natcamp">The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (2002). {{cite web|url=http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/data/pdf/notjust.pdf |title=Not Just Another Single Issue: Teen Pregnancy Prevention's Link to Other Critical Social Issues |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011106/http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/data/pdf/notjust.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-28 }} {{small|(58.5 KB)}}. Retrieved May 27, 2006.</ref> In the [[developing world]], teenage pregnancy is usually within marriage and does not carry such a stigma.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Population Council |title=Unexplored Elements of Adolescence in the Developing World |journal=Population Briefs |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.popcouncil.org/publications/popbriefs/pb12(1)_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814074110/http://www.popcouncil.org/publications/popbriefs/pb12%281%29_1.html |archive-date=2007-08-14 }}</ref>

==Legal issues==
{{Main|Age of consent|Statutory rape}} {{See also|Marriageable age|Teen marriage}}
[[File:Age of consent - Global.svg|400px|alt=Map of the world's countries, with countries colored by age of consent|thumb|upright=2|Age of consent for heterosexual sex outside of marriage by country or territory. Age varies by state in [[Australia]], [[Mexico]] and the [[United States]]. In [[China]], [[Hong Kong]] is an exception, where the age of consent is 16, not 14 (wrong in the map).
 
{{Farblegende|#FFA07A|Puberty (only [[Nayarit]])}}
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{{legend inline|#FF1493|Must be married}}]]
Sexual conduct between adults/adolescents and adolescents younger than the local age of consent is generally illegal, aside from [[close-in-age exemption]]s or in jurisdictions where only sex between married couples is legal,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Department of Justice|date=2005-07-05|title=Age of Consent to Sexual Activity|url=https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/clp/faq.html|access-date=2020-09-18|website=www.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> such as those in some [[Islam]]ic countries. In many jurisdictions, sexual intercourse between adolescents with a close age difference is not prohibited. Around the world, the average age-of-consent is 16,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm|title=Sexual consent|date=23 June 2015|website=avert.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20090510172906/http://www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm|archive-date=10 May 2009}}</ref> but this varies from being age 13 in [[Sudan]], age 16 in [[Spain]] and [[Canada]], and age 16–18 in the [[United States]]. In some jurisdictions, the age-of-consent for homosexual acts may be different from that for heterosexual acts. The age-of-consent in a particular jurisdiction is typically the same as the [[age of majority]] or several years younger. The age at which one can legally marry is also sometimes different from the legal age-of-consent.

Sexual relations with a person under the age-of-consent are generally a criminal offense in the jurisdiction in which the act was committed, with punishments ranging from token fines to life imprisonment. Many different terms exist for the charges laid and include statutory rape, illegal [[carnal knowledge]], or corruption of a minor. In some jurisdictions, sexual activity with someone above the legal age-of-consent but beneath the age of majority can be punishable under laws against contributing to the [[Juvenile delinquency|delinquency]] of a [[minor (law)|minor]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wechsler|first=Herbert|date=May 1952|title=The Challenge of a Model Penal Code|journal=Harvard Law Review|volume=65|issue=7|pages=1097–1133|doi=10.2307/1337048|jstor=1337048|issn=0017-811X}}</ref>

In some countries [[Child bride|marrying a person under the age of consent]] may make sex with that person legal regardless of the age of consent.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Palin|first=Megan|date=2019-05-17|title=Shocking child rape loophole 'put an end to my childhood'|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12232119|access-date=2020-09-21|issn=1170-0777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-15|title=Shocking loophole allows 'legal child rape' in the US|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/shocking-child-rape-loophole-put-an-end-to-my-childhood/news-story/c2fe3df2824894dce68e3676b087ba34|access-date=2020-09-21|newspaper=News.com.au|language=en|last1=Louisville|first1=Megan Palin in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Letters|date=2017-08-03|title=Close loopholes that allow forced child marriage in the UK {{!}} Letter from co-chairs of Girls Not Brides UK|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/aug/03/close-loopholes-that-allow-forced-child-marriage-in-the-uk|access-date=2020-09-21|website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Haydock|first=Sophie|date=2019-04-01|title=Child brides: Heather was only 15 when she said 'I do'. She was also pregnant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/fb2ba47b-8d50-4df1-aa42-b756e9fb26b4|access-date=2020-09-21|website=BBC Three|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Societal influence==

===Social constructionist perspective===
The social constructionist perspective (see [[social constructionism]] for a general definition) on adolescent sexuality examines how power, culture, meaning and gender interact to affect the sexualities of adolescents.<ref name = "Tolman1" >{{cite journal |author1=Tolman D. L. |author2=Diamond L. M. |year=2001 |title=Desegregating sexuality research: Cultural and biological perspectives on gender and desire |journal=Annual Review of Sex Research |volume=12 |pages=33–74 |pmid=12666736}}</ref> This perspective is closely tied to [[feminism]] and [[queer theory]]. Those who believe in the social constructionist perspective state that the current meanings most people in our society tie to female and male sexuality are actually a social construction to keep [[heterosexual]] and privileged people in power.<ref>Kitzinger, C., & Wilkinson, S. (1993). ''Theorizing heterosexuality''. In S. Wilkinson & C. Kitzinger, (Eds.), Heterosexuality: A feminism and psychology reader (pp. 1-32). London: Sage Publications</ref>

Researchers interested in exploring adolescent sexuality using this perspective typically investigates how gender, race, culture, [[socioeconomic status]] and [[sexual orientation]] affect how adolescent understand their own sexuality.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tolman D. L. |author2=Striepe M. I. |author3=Harmon T. |year=2003 |title=Gender Matters: Constructing a Model of Adolescent Sexual Health |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=4–12 |doi=10.1080/00224490309552162 |pmid=12806527|s2cid=21483688 }}</ref> An example of how gender affects sexuality is when young adolescent girls state that they believe sex is a method used to maintain relationships when boys are emotionally unavailable. Because they are girls, they believe they ought to engage in sexual behavior in order to please their boyfriends.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=O'Sullivan L. |author2=Meyer-Bahlburg H. F. L. |year=1996 |title=African-American and Latina inner-city girls' reports of romantic and sexual development |journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=221–238 |doi=10.1177/02654075030202006|s2cid=145286321 }}</ref>

===Developmental feminist perspective===
The developmental feminist perspective is closely tied to the social constructionist perspective. It is specifically interested in how society's gender norms affect adolescent development, especially for girls. For example, some researchers on the topic hold the view that adolescent girls are still strongly affected by gender roles imposed on them by society and that this in turn affects their sexuality and sexual behavior. [[Deborah Tolman]] is an advocate for this viewpoint and states that societal pressures to be "good" cause girls to pay more attention to what they think others expect of them than looking within themselves to understand their own sexuality. Tolman states that young girls learn to objectify their own bodies and end up thinking of themselves as objects of desire. This causes them to often see their own bodies as others see it, which causes them to feel a sense of detachment from their bodies and their sexualities. Tolman calls this a process of disembodiment. This process leaves young girls unassertive about their own sexual desires and needs because they focus so much on what other people expect of them rather than on what they feel inside.<ref name = "Tolman" />

Another way gender roles affect adolescent sexuality is through the sexual double standard. This double standard occurs when others judge women for engaging in premarital sex and for embracing their sexualities, while men are rewarded for the same behavior.<ref name = "Jackson">{{cite journal |author1=Jackson S. M. |author2=Cram F. |year=2003 |title=Disrupting the sexual double standard: young women's talk about heterosexuality |journal=British Journal of Social Psychology |volume=42 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=113–127 |doi=10.1348/014466603763276153 |pmid=12713759}}</ref> It is a double standard because the genders are behaving similarly, but are being judged differently for their actions because of their gender. An example of this can be seen in Tolman's research when she interviews girls about their experiences with their sexualities. In Tolman's interviews, girls who sought sex because they desired it felt like they had to cover it up in order (for example, they blamed their sexual behavior on drinking) not to be judged by others in their school. They were afraid of being viewed negatively for enjoying their sexuality. Many girls were thus trying to make their own solutions (like blaming their sexual behavior on something else or silencing their own desires and choosing not to engage in sexual behavior) to a problem that is actually caused by power imbalances between the genders within our societies.<ref name = "Tolman" /> Other research showed that girls were tired of being judged for their sexual behavior because of their gender. However, even these girls were strongly affected by societal gender roles and rarely talked about their own desires and instead talked about how "being ready" (rather than experiencing desire) would determine their sexual encounters.<ref name = "Jackson" />

O'Sullivan and her colleagues assessed 180 girls between the ages of 12 and 14 on their perceptions on what their first sexual encounters would be like; many girls reported feeling negative emotions towards sex before their first time. The researchers think this is because adolescent girls are taught that society views adolescent pre-marital sex in negative terms. When they reported positive feelings, the most commonly listed one was feeling attractive. This shows how many girls objectify their own bodies and often think about this before they think of their own sexual desires and needs.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=O'Sullivan L. |author2=Hear K. D. |year=2008 |title=Predicting first intercourse among urban early adolescent girls: The role of emotions |journal=Cognition and Emotion |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=168–179 |doi=10.1080/02699930701298465|s2cid=144683970 }}</ref>

Researchers found that having an older sibling, especially an older brother, affected how girls viewed sex and sexuality.<ref name = "Kornreich" >{{cite journal |author1=Kornreich J. L. |author2=Hearn K. D. |author3=Rodriguez G. |author4=O'Sullivan L. F. |year=2003 |title=Sibling Influence, Gender Roles, and the Sexual Socialization of Unban Early Adolescent Girls |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–110 |doi=10.1080/00224490309552170 |pmid=12806535|s2cid=37239998 }}</ref> Girls with older brothers held more traditional views about sexuality and said they were less interested in seeking sex, as well as less interested in responding to the sexual advances of boys compared with girls with no older siblings. Researchers believe this is because older siblings model gender roles, so girls with older siblings (especially brothers) may have more traditional views of what society says girls and boys should be like; girls with older brothers may believe that sexual intercourse is mostly for having children, rather than for gaining sexual pleasure. This traditional view can inhibit them from focusing on their own sexualities and desires, and may keep them constrained to society's prescribed gender roles.<ref name = "Kornreich" />

===Social learning and the sexual self-concept===
Developing a sexual self-concept is an important developmental step during adolescence. This is when adolescents try to make sense and organize their sexual experiences so that they understand the structures and underlying motivations for their sexual behavior.<ref name ="Andersen">{{cite journal |author1=Andersen B. L. |author2=Cyranowski J. M. |year=1994 |title=Women's sexual self-schema |journal=Journal of Personality & Social Psychology |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=1079–1100 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1079}}</ref> This sexual self-concept helps adolescents organize their past experiences, but also gives them information to draw on for their current and future sexual thoughts and experiences. Sexual self-concept affects sexual behavior for both men and women, but it also affects relationship development for women.<ref name ="Andersen" /> Development of one's sexual self-concept can occur even before sexual experiences begin.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Butler T. H. |author2=Miller K. S. |author3=Holtgrave D. R. |author4=Forehand R. |author5=Long N. |year=2006 |title=Stages of sexual readiness and six-month stage progression among African American pre-teens |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=378–386 |doi=10.1080/00224490609552337 |pmid=17599259|s2cid=33153762 }}</ref> An important part of sexual self-concept is sexual esteem, which includes how one evaluates their sexuality (including their thoughts, emotions and sexual activities).<ref name = "Snell" >Snell, W. E. (1998). ''The multidimensional sexual self-concept questionnaire''. In C. M. Davis, W. L. Yarber, R. Bauserman, G. Schreer, & S. L. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (pp. 521–524). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</ref> Another aspect is sexual anxiety; this includes one's negative evaluations of sex and sexuality.<ref name = "Snell" /> Sexual self-concept is not only developed from sexual experiences; both girls and boys can learn from a variety of social interactions such as their family, sexual education programs, depictions in the media and from their friends and peers.<ref name = "Andersen" /><ref name = "Hensel" >{{cite journal |author1=Hensel D. J. |author2=Fortenberry J. D. |author3=O'Sullivan L. F. |author4=Orr D. P. |year=2011 |title=The developmental association of sexual self-concept with sexual behavior among adolescent women |journal=Journal of Adolescence |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=675–684 |doi=10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.09.005 |pmid=20970178|pmc=3753003 }}</ref> Girls with a positive self-schema are more likely to be liberal in their attitudes about sex, are more likely to view themselves as passionate and open to sexual experience and are more likely to rate sexual experiences as positive. Their views towards relationships show that they place high importance on romance, love and intimacy. Girls who have a more negative view often say they feel self-conscious about their sexuality and view sexual encounters more negatively. The sexual self-concept of girls with more negative views are highly influenced by other people; those of girls who hold more positive views are less so.<ref name = "Andersen" />

Boys are less willing to state they have negative feelings about sex than girls when they describe their sexual self-schemas.<ref name = "Andersen2" >{{cite journal |author1=Andersen B. L. |author2=Cyranowski J. M. |author3=Espindle D. |year=1999 |title=Men's sexual self-schema |journal=Journal of Personality & Social Psychology |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=645–661 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.645|pmid=10234850 }}</ref> Boys are not divided into positive and negative sexual self-concepts; they are divided into schematic and non-schematic (a schema is a cluster of ideas about a process or aspect of the world; see [[Schema (psychology)|schema]]). Boys who are sexually schematic are more sexually experienced, have higher levels of sexual arousal, and are more able to experience romantic feelings. Boys who are not schematic have fewer sexual partners, a smaller range of sexual experiences and are much less likely than schematic men to be in a romantic relationship.<ref name = "Andersen2" />

When comparing the sexual self-concepts of adolescent girls and boys, researchers found that boys experienced lower sexual self-esteem and higher sexual anxiety. The boys stated they were less able to refuse or resist sex at a greater rate than the girls reported having difficulty with this. The authors state that this may be because society places so much emphasis on teaching girls how to be resistant towards sex, that boys do not learn these skills and are less able to use them when they want to say no to sex. They also explain how society's stereotype that boys are always ready to desire sex and be aroused may contribute to the fact that many boys may not feel comfortable resisting sex, because it is something society tells them they should want.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dekhtyar O. |author2=Cupp P. |author3=Anderman E. |year=2008 |title=Sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: a possible clue to promoting sexual health? |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=277–286 |doi=10.1080/00224490802204480 |pmid=18686156|s2cid=5716846 }}</ref> Because society expects adolescent boys to be assertive, dominant and in control, they are limited in how they feel it is appropriate to act within a romantic relationship. Many boys feel lower self-esteem when they cannot attain these hyper-masculine ideals that society says they should. Additionally, there is not much guidance on how boys should act within relationships and many boys do not know how to retain their masculinity while being authentic and reciprocating affection in their relationships. This difficult dilemma is called the double-edged sword of masculinity by some researchers.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chu J. Y. |author2=Porche M. V. |author3=Tolman D. L. |year=2005 |title=The adolescent masculinity ideology in relationships scale: Development and validation of a new measure for boys |journal=Men and Masculinities |volume=8 |pages=93–115 |doi=10.1177/1097184X03257453|s2cid=30826976 }}</ref>

Hensel and colleagues conducted a study with 387 female participants between the ages of 14 and 17 and found that as the girls got older (and learned more about their sexual self-concept), they experienced less anxiety, greater comfort with sexuality and experienced more instances of sexual activity.<ref name = "Hensel" /> Additionally, across the four years (from 14 to 17), sexual self-esteem increased, and sexual anxiety lessened. The researchers stated that this may indicate that the more sexual experiences the adolescent girls have had, the more confidence they hold in their sexual behavior and sexuality. Additionally, it may mean that for girls who have not yet had intercourse, they become more confident and ready to participate in an encounter for the first time.<ref name = "Osullivan3" >{{cite journal |author1=O'Sullivan L. F. |author2=Brooks-Gunn J. |year=2005 |title=The timing of changes in girls' sexual cognitions and behaviors in early adolescence: a prospective, cohort study |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=211–219 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.08.019 |pmid=16109340}}</ref> Researchers state that these patterns indicate that adolescent sexual behavior is not at all sporadic and impulsive, rather that it is strongly affected by the adolescent girls' sexual self-concept and changes and expands through time.<ref name = "Osullivan3" />

==Sex education==
[[Sex education]], also called "Sexuality Education" or informally "Sex Ed" is [[education]] about human [[sex organ|sexual anatomy]], [[sexual reproduction]], [[sexual intercourse]], [[human sexual behavior]], and other aspects of [[Human sexuality|sexuality]], such as [[body image]], [[sexual orientation]], [[Dating (activity)|dating]], and [[Intimate relationship|relationships]]. Common avenues for sex education are parents, caregivers, friends, school programs, religious groups, popular media, and public health campaigns.

Sexual education is not always taught the same in every country. For example, in [[France]] sex education has been part of school curricula since 1973. Schools are expected to provide 30 to 40 hours of sex education, and pass out condoms to students in grades eight and nine. In January, 2000, the French government launched an information campaign on contraception with TV and radio spots and the distribution of five million leaflets on contraception to high school students.<ref name=" britsexed ">[http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/apprend.htm Britain: Sex Education Under Fire] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222184211/http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/apprend.htm |date=2009-12-22 }} ''UNESCO Courier''</ref>

In [[Germany]], sex education has been part of school curricula since 1970. Since 1992 sex education is by law a governmental duty.<ref>[http://bildungsklick.de/pm/35091/sexualaufklaerung-in-europa/ Sexualaufklärung in Europa] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110929212508/http://bildungsklick.de/pm/35091/sexualaufklaerung-in-europa/ |date=2011-09-29 }} (German)</ref> A survey by the [[World Health Organization]] concerning the habits of European teenagers in 2006 revealed that German teenagers care about contraception. The birth rate among German 15- to 19-year-olds is 11.7 per 1000 population, compared to 2.9 per 1000 population in Korea, and 55.6 per 1000 population in US.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/repcard3e.pdf |title=A League Table of Teenage Births in Rich Nations |last=UNICEF |date=July 2001 |issue=3}}</ref>

According to [[SIECUS]], the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States, in most families, parents are the primary sex educators of their adolescents. They found 93% of adults they surveyed support sexuality education in high school and 84% support it in junior high school.<ref>SIECUS Report of Public Support of Sexuality Education(1999)[http://www.siecus.org/school/sex_ed/sex_ed0002.html SIECUS Report Online] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219012810/http://www.siecus.org/school/sex_ed/sex_ed0002.html |date=December 19, 2007 }}</ref> In fact, 88% of parents of junior high school students and 80% of parents of high school students believe that sex education in school makes it easier for them to talk to their adolescents about sex.<ref>Sex Education in America. (Washington, DC: National Public Radio, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and Kennedy School of Government, 2004), p. 5.</ref> Also, 92% of adolescents report that they want both to talk to their parents about sex and to have comprehensive in-school sex education.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fine|first=Michelle|date=April 1988|title=Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire|journal=Harvard Educational Review|volume=58|issue=1|pages=29–54|doi=10.17763/haer.58.1.u0468k1v2n2n8242|issn=0017-8055}}</ref>

In America, not only do U.S. students receive [[sex education]] within school or religious programs, but they are also educated by their parents. American parents are less prone to influencing their children's actual sexual experiences than they are simply telling their children what they should ''not'' do. Generally, they promote [[abstinence]] while educating their children with things that may make their adolescents not want to engage in [[sexual activity]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schalet |first=Amy |title=Not Under My Roof: Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=2011}}</ref>

Almost all U.S. students receive some form of sex education at least once between grades 7 and 12; many schools begin addressing some topics as early as grade 5 or 6.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Landry DJ, Singh S, Darroch JE |title=Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U.S. public schools, 1999 |journal=Fam Plann Perspect |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=212–9 |year=2000 |pmid=11030258 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3221200.html |doi=10.2307/2648174 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607155238/http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3221200.html |archive-date=2007-06-07 |jstor=2648174 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, what students learn varies widely, because curriculum decisions are quite decentralized.<ref name="Kaiser 2002">{{cite web|url=http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/upload/Sex-Education-in-the-U-S-Policy-and-Politics.pdf |title=Sex Education in the U.S.: Policy and Politics |access-date=2007-05-23 |date=October 2002 |work=Issue Update |publisher=Kaiser Family Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127092023/http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/upload/Sex-Education-in-the-U-S-Policy-and-Politics.pdf |archive-date=2005-11-27 }}</ref> Two main forms of sex education are taught in American schools: comprehensive and [[Abstinence-only sex education|abstinence-only]]. A 2002 study conducted by the [[Kaiser Family Foundation]] found that 58% of secondary school principals describe their sex education curriculum as comprehensive, while 34% said their school's main message was abstinence-only.<ref name="Kaiser 2002"/> The difference between these two approaches, and their impact on teen behavior, remains a controversial subject in the U.S.<ref name="Advocates for Youth">{{cite web |url=http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/stateevaluations/index.htm |title=Five Years of Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Education: Assessing the Impact |access-date=2007-05-23 |last=Hauser |first=Debra |year=2004 |publisher=Advocates for Youth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528132424/http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/stateevaluations/index.htm |archive-date=28 May 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Mathematica Findings Too Narrow |publisher=National Abstinence Education Association |date=2007-04-13 |url=http://www.abstinenceassociation.org/newsroom/pr_041307_mathematica.html |access-date=2007-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517214531/http://www.abstinenceassociation.org/newsroom/pr_041307_mathematica.html |archive-date=17 May 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some studies have shown abstinence-only programs to have no positive effects.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report: Abstinence not curbing teen sex |url=https://www.kswo.com/story/7324853/report-abstinence-not-curbing-teen-sex |website=KSWO |access-date=16 June 2018 |language=en |date=7 November 2007}}</ref> Other studies have shown specific programs to result in more than 2/3 of students maintaining that they will remain abstinent until marriage months after completing such a program;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_116666.asp|title=Why Know Says They Are Effective In Increasing Teen Abstinence|website=chattanoogan.com|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522154115/http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_116666.asp|archive-date=2011-05-22}}</ref> such [[virginity pledge]]s, however, are statistically ineffective,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bearman PS, Brückner H |title=Promising the future: virginity pledges and first intercourse |journal=American Journal of Sociology |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=859–912 |year=2001 |doi=10.1086/320295 |s2cid=142684938 |url=https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8ZG73VN/download}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Brückner H, Bearman P |title=After the promise: the STD consequences of adolescent virginity pledges |journal=J Adolesc Health |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=271–8 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15780782 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.01.005 |s2cid=10150529 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and over 95% of Americans do, in fact, have sex before marriage.<ref>{{cite journal |author =Finer LB |title=Trends in premarital sex in the United States, 1954–2003 |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=73–8 |year=2007 |pmid=17236611 |pmc=1802108|doi=10.1177/003335490712200110 }}</ref>

In Asia the state of sex education programs are at various stages of development. [[Indonesia]], [[Mongolia]], [[South Korea]] and [[Sri Lanka]] have a systematic policy framework for teaching about sex within schools. [[Malaysia]], the [[Philippines]] and [[Thailand]] have assessed adolescent reproductive health needs with a view to developing adolescent-specific training, messages and materials. [[India]] has programs that specifically aim at school children at the age group of nine to sixteen years. These are included as subjects in the curriculum and generally involved open and frank interaction with the teachers. With the exceptions of [[Cambodia]] and [[Vietnam]], the [[United Nations Population Fund|UNFPA]] funds most Asian sex education program. [[Children and adolescents in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]] and [[Children and adolescents in Pakistan|Pakistan]] have no coordinated sex education programs.<ref name="escap">[http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/icpd/sec7.asp Adolescents In Changing Times: Issues And Perspectives For Adolescent Reproductive Health In The ESCAP Region] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119084911/http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/icpd/sec7.asp |date=2014-01-19 }} United Nations Social and Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific</ref>

Some educators hold the view that sexuality is equated with violence. These educators think that not talking about sexuality will decrease the rate of adolescent sexuality. However, not having access to sexual education has been found to have negative effects upon students, especially groups such as adolescent girls who come from low-income families. Not receiving appropriate sexual health education increases teenage pregnancy, sexual victimization and high school dropout rates. Researchers state that it is important to educate students about all aspects of sexuality and sexual health to reduce the risk of these issues.<ref name="Fine">{{cite journal|author=Fine M |year=1988 |title=Sexuality, schooling, and adolescent females: the missing discourse of desire |journal=Harvard Educational Review |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=29–53 |url=http://her.hepg.org/content/u0468k1v2n2n8242/?p=5f809288df88409fb6ee9ed3e38a4b57&pi=1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414222130/http://her.hepg.org/content/u0468k1v2n2n8242/?p=5f809288df88409fb6ee9ed3e38a4b57&pi=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-14 |doi=10.17763/haer.58.1.u0468k1v2n2n8242 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The view that sexuality is victimization teaches girls to be careful of being sexually victimized and taken advantage of. Educators who hold this perspective encourage sexual education, but focus on teaching girls how to say no, teaching them of the risks of being victims and educate them about risks and diseases of being sexually active. This perspective teaches adolescents that boys are predators and that girls are victims of sexual victimization. Researchers state that this perspective does not address the existence of desire within girls, does not address the societal variables that influence sexual violence and teaches girls to view sex as dangerous only before marriage. In reality, sexual violence can be very prevalent within marriages too.<ref name = "Fine" />

Another perspective includes the idea that sexuality is individual morality; this encourages girls to make their own decisions, as long as their decision is to say no to sex before marriage. This education encourages self-control and chastity.<ref name = "Fine" />

Lastly, the sexual education perspective of the discourse of desire is very rare in U.S. high schools.<ref name = "Tolman1" /> This perspective encourages adolescents to learn more about their desires, gaining pleasure and feeling confident in their sexualities. Researchers state that this view would empower girls because it would place less emphasis on them as the victims and encourage them to have more control over their sexuality.<ref name = "Fine" />

Research on how gender stereotypes affect adolescent sexuality is important because researchers believe it can show sexual health educators how they can improve their programming to more accurately attend to the needs of adolescents. For example, studies have shown how the social constructed idea that girls are "supposed to" not be interested in sex have actually made it more difficult for girls to have their voices heard when they want to have safer sex.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Holland J. |author2=Ramazanoglu C. |author3=Scott S. |author4=Sharpe S. |author5=Thompson R. |year=1992 |title=Risk, power and the possibility of pleasure: Young women and safe sex |journal=AIDS Care |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=273–283 |doi=10.1080/09540129208253099 |pmid=1525200}}</ref><ref>Thompson, SR. & Holland, J. (1994). Younger women and safer (hetero)sex: Context, constraints and strategies, In C. Kitzinger & S. Wilkinson (Eds.), Women and health: Feminist perspectives. London: Falmer</ref> At the same time, sexual educators continuously tell girls to make choices that will lead them to safer sex, but do not always tell them ‘how’ they should go about doing this. Instances such as these show the difficulties that can arise from not exploring how society's perspective of gender and sexuality affect adolescent sexuality.<ref>Holland, J., Ramazanoglu, C., Scott, S., Sharpe, S., & Thompson, R. (1994). Sex, gender and power: young women's sexuality in the shadow of AIDS. In B. Rauth (Ed.), AIDS: Reading on a global crisis. London: Allyn and Bacon.</ref>

==Brain maturity==
According to some studies, several brain regions in the [[frontal lobe]] of the [[cerebral cortex]] and in the [[hypothalamus]] that are deemed important for self-control, delayed gratification, risk analysis, and appreciation as well as the [[prefrontal cortex]] area of the [[human brain]] are not fully mature until the early 20s or about age 25.<ref name="Berger">{{cite book|vauthors=Berger KS|title=Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence|publisher=[[Macmillan Higher Education]]|isbn=978-1464157387|year=2015|page=549|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cNnDCAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name="Casey, B. J. 2008">{{cite journal |author1=Casey B. J. |author2=Getz S. |author3=Galvan A. |year=2008 |title=The adolescent brain |journal=Developmental Review |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=62–77 |doi=10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003 |pmid=18688292 |pmc=2500212}}</ref> It is then argued that, partially because of this, young adolescents are generally less equipped than adults to make sound decisions and anticipate consequences of sexual behavior,<ref name="chapman">{{cite journal |author =John R. Chapman |title=Adolescent sex and mass media: a developmental approach. |journal=Adolescence |year=2000 |volume= 35|issue=140 |pages=799–811 |pmid=11214217}}</ref> although [[Neuroimaging|Brain imaging]] and behavioral correlation studies on teenagers that characterize them as immature have been criticized for not being causative, thus possibly reaffirming [[cultural bias]]es.<ref name="Epstein" /> [[Robert Epstein]] argues that "teen turmoil", which is blamed on differences in brain structure and function between adolescents and adults, is a relatively recent western phenomenon that is largely absent in pre-industrial societies and is a result of [[infantilization]] of teenagers rather than inherent brain differences. He reasons that if such incompetence and irresponsibility were truly a result of inherent brain differences, then it would be present in all societies and cultures. As a result, many studies and health organizations suggest that teens wait until they are emotionally ready to have sex or to wait until at least age 16.<ref name="Epstein">{{cite magazine |last=Epstein |first=Robert |title=The Myth of the Teen Brain |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |date=April–May 2007 |access-date=September 2, 2012 |url=http://drrobertepstein.com/pdf/Epstein-THE_MYTH_OF_THE_TEEN_BRAIN-Scientific_American_Mind-4-07.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906082655/http://drrobertepstein.com/pdf/Epstein-THE_MYTH_OF_THE_TEEN_BRAIN-Scientific_American_Mind-4-07.pdf |archive-date=September 6, 2012 }}</ref>

== Historical research ==
In 1988, two researchers from the University of North Carolina, Ronald Rindfuss and J. Richard Udry, submitted a proposal to The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) to study the health-related risk behaviors of adolescents.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal|last1=Gardner|first1=William|last2=Wilcox|first2=Brian L.|date=1993|title=Political intervention in scientific peer review: Research on adolescent sexual behavior.|journal=American Psychologist|volume=48|issue=9|pages=972–983|doi=10.1037/0003-066x.48.9.972|pmid=8214915|issn=1935-990X}}</ref> The study was intended to collect data on the patterns of adolescent sexual behavior that could expose teenagers to sexually transmitted diseases. The researchers designed the study to capture data on a national sample of 24,000 youth from the seventh to the eleventh grade.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The American Teen Study had initially been approved by both the National Advisory Council of the NICHD and by other NICHD officials, granting the study funding up to $2.5 million for the first year commencing in May 1991.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

One month after the approval start date of the study, Secretary Louis Sullivan of Health and Human Services (HHS) cancelled the research study after having been questioned and berated by those that did not believe that research on adolescent sexual behaviors would be beneficial. According to Charrow (1991), this may have been the first time that a previously awarded amount of funding had been revoked.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The American Teen Study sought to reveal the importance of investigating the health-related risk-taking behaviors of youth by gathering data across various social contexts such as at home and school.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Countless critics had condemned the study by insisting that the issue of teen sex behaviors had been studied excessively.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Centers for Disease Control (1991) show that the age of first intercourse for American girls began to decrease from 1985 to 1989. The number of Massachusetts teens who reported engaging in sexual intercourse increased from 55% to 61% between the years 1986–1988. Moreover, it was found that the utilization of condoms by teenagers may decrease when they have multiple sexual partners.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The authors (1993) state that the mathematical theory of epidemics reveals two factors about the rate of increasing infections during an epidemic: the first is the probability of an uninfected person contracting aids from an infected person. The transmission of a sexually transmitted disease such as HIV will depend on the sexual behaviors of individuals, their personal safety practices when engaging in sexual intercourse, and how often they are in contact with sexual partners.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The second factor is the number of uninfected individuals that are in the population. At the beginning of an epidemic, a sexually transmitted disease spreads when the uninfected partner of an infected person becomes highly sexually-active within the population, leading to an increase in the amount of those infected. As the population becomes more infected, an infected person will be less likely to encounter an uninfected one, leading to a decline in new infections. However, although the rate of new infections of HIV among older gay males has decreased, it is dangerous to say that the same pattern has been observed for gay adolescents.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Similarly, data suggests that heterosexual adolescents also engage in anal intercourse which can lead to an increase in the number of infected persons. 10% of women at an adolescent planning center, 19% of female Canadian college students, and 25% of Black and Hispanic women at a family planning center all reported engaging in anal-intercourse with their partners.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The statistics suggest that there is an increasing need for research on the sexual risk-behaviors of adolescents.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The current research on adolescent risk-taking sexual behaviors lack three fundamentals conditions that would give sufficient and generalizable data on the current sexual-behaviors of adolescents. The first is that the research studies need to have large samples and thorough designs to cover the diverse populations of adolescents that range from various genders, sexual orientations, ethnicities, races, and cultures.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Second, there needs to be research that studies the interaction between various social contexts, such as riding in cars for enjoyment, and adolescent sexual-behaviors that leave youth susceptible to engaging in sexual-intercourse. Lastly, it would be necessary for repeated longitudinal studies on the sexual behaviors of adolescents as behaviors are constantly changing and may be open to different interpretations.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The American Teen Study would have been utilized to conduct the type of research that would be needed to investigate the increasing rate of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The authors (1993) suggest that the cancellation of The American Teen Study was politically motivated as evidenced by Louis Sullivan's rushed rejection of the study without providing adequate reasoning for why the study should not take have taken place. Without data from the study, it can be difficult for scientists to monitor the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and to develop techniques to decrease the increasing rate of infections.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==See also==
{{Commons category}}
* [[Age disparity in sexual relationships]]
* [[Child sexuality]]
* [[Romeo and Juliet laws]]

;By country
* [[Adolescent sexuality in Canada]]
* [[Adolescent sexuality in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Adolescent sexuality in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100514190953/http://www.theteencentre.com/forums/ Support for teens]

{{Sexual ethics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adolescent Sexuality}}
[[Category:Adolescent sexuality| ]]
[[Category:Adolescence|Sexuality]]
[[Category:Sexuality and age]]

Vasudha (2024 TV series)

2026-05-08T08:47:10Z

BSHindia: put up the info basic info.

{{Short description|2024 Indian Hindi TV series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Vasudha (2024 TV series).jpg
| caption =
| genre = Family drama
| creator = [[Arvind Babbal]]
| developer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Priya Thakur
* Abhishek Sharma
* [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]]
* [[Parineeta Borthakur]]
}}
| writer = Desi Rulez
| director = [[Arvind Babbal]]
| creative_director = Tanu Tiwari
| producer = Arvind Babbal
| company = Arvind Babbal Productions
| executive_producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| cinematography = Madan Gupta Pawan M. Gupta
| editor =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 553 
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Paresh Shah
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| location = [[Udaipur]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|09|16|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| narrator =
| related = ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]''
}}

'''''Vasudha''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama series that premiered from 16 September 2024 on [[Zee TV]]. It is produced by [[Arvind Babbal]]. The series is an official remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] TV series ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]'' of [[Zee Telugu]]. It stars Priya Thakur, and Abhishek Sharma in lead roles.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Priya Thakur as Vasudha "Vasu" Singh Chauhan: Hanumant's daughter; Dev's wife; Chandrika and Prabhat's daughter-in-law (2024–present)
* Abhishek Sharma as Devansh "Dev" Singh Chauhan: Chandrika and Prabhat's elder son; Vasudha's husband; Avinash's elder brother (2024–present)

=== Recurring ===
* [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]] as Chandrika Singh Chauhan: Prabhat wife Devansh and Avinash's mother (2024–2025)
** [[Parineeta Borthakur]] replaced Sardar as Chandrika Singh Chauhan<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=21 June 2025|title=Vasudha: Parineeta Borthakur to replace Nausheen Ali Sardar as Chandrika Singh Chauhan|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/vasudha-parineeta-borthakur-to-replace-nausheen-ali-sardar-as-chandrika-singh-chauhan-article-13304985.html|access-date=27 April 2026|work=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref>(2025–present)
* [[Kiran Bhargava]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive:Senior actress Kiran Bhargavva to enter Zee TV's Vasudha|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-senior-actress-kiran-bhargava-to-enter-zee-tvs-vasudha/2026/03/02|date=2 March 2026|access-date=26 April 2026|website=IWMBuzz.|language=en}}</ref>as Santosh: Prabhat and Mayur's mother (2026–present)
* Sachin Parikh as Prabhat Singh Chauhan: Chandrika husband Dev and Avinash's father (2024–present)
* [[Rajesh Jais]]<ref>{{ cite web|title=13 year Later, Rajesh Jais Return To Televison In Zee TV's Vasudha|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2025/13-years-later-rajesh-jais-returns-to-television-in-zee-tv-s-vasudha-457367.html|date=28 April 2025|access-date=26 April 2026|website=Filmibeat.|language=en}}</ref>as Surya Singh Rathod (2025)
* Minal Bal as Sarika Singh Chauhan: Mayur's wife (2024–present)
* Arvind Choudhary as Mayur Singh Chauhan: Sarika's husband (2024–present)
* Ishank Saluja as Avinash Singh Chauhan: Chandrika and Prabhat's younger son: Divya husband (2024–present)
* Shubhanshi Raghuwanshi as Divya Singh Chauhan: Avinash's wife (2024–present)
* Pratiksha Rai as Karishma Singh Shekhawat: Megha's elder sister (2024–2025<ref>{{cite web|title=Pratiksha Rai Quits Zee TV's Vasudha,Here's The Reason Behind|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/pratiksha-rai-quits-zee-tvs-vasudha-heres-the-reason-behind/2025/10/13|date=13 October 2025|access-date=26 April 2026|website=IWMBuzz.|language=en}}</ref>,2026–present<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Pratiksha Rai aka Karishma returns to Zee TV's Vasudha|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-pratiksha-rai-aka-karishma-returns-to-zee-tvs-vasudha/2026/03/17|date=17 March 2026|access-date=26 April 2026|website=IWMBuzz.|language=en}}</ref>)
* Mandeep Kaur as Megha Singh Shekhawat: Karishma's sister (2025)
* Kunwar Vikram Soni as Madhav: Vasudha's friend (2024)
* Ashish Shukla as Hanumant Solanki: Vasudha and Raghu's father (2024–present)
* Poonam Dwivedi as Uma (2024)
* Nishi Saxena as Nandini Oberoi : Maya's daughter (2025–present)
* Shweta Ojha as Maya Oberoi: Nandini's mother (2025–present)
* Puneet Sachdev<ref>{{cite web |title=Confirmed: Puneet Sachdeva returns to TV as the negative lead in Zee TV's Vasudha|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/confirmed-puneet-sachdeva-returns-to-tv-as-the-negative-lead-in-zee-tvs-vasudha/2025/10/13|date=13 October 2025|access-date=26 April 2026|website=IWMBuzz.|language=en}}</ref> as Karanveer Singh: Vidhi's brother (2025)
* Ankita Bahuguna<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Ankita Bahuguna to enter Zee TV's Vasudha|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-ankita-bahuguna-to-enter-zee-tvs-vasudha/2025/10/16|date=16 October 2025|access-date=26 April 2026|website=IWMBuzz.|language=en}}</ref> as Vidhi Singh: Karanveer's sister (2025)
* Sheeba Azhar Samrat as Savitri Bua (2024–present)
* [[Neelu Vaghela]] as Mrs. Mehta (2025)
* Subhan Khan as Raghu Solanki: Hanumant son (2024)
* Siyal Jain as Sweetu (2025)
* Soni Patel as Anamika (2025)

===Guest appearances===
* [[Sonakshi Batra]] as Jagadhatri "JD" Naik Deshmukh from ''[[Jagadhatri (TV series)|Jagadhatri]]'' (2026)

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
Abhishek Sharma was signed to play male lead, Devansh "Dev" Singh Chauhan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=21 August 2025|title=Abhishek Sharma to star in Zee TV's Vasudha
|url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/television/abhishek-sharma-to-star-in-zee-tv-s-vasudha/|access-date=28 September 2025|work=Pune Mirror|language=en}}</ref> Kunwar Vikram Soni was confirmed to play Madhav.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=23 December 2025|title=Kunwar Vikram Soni on Vasudha: 'Excited to play character that's all green flags'
|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/kunwar-vikram-soni-on-vasudha-excited-to-play-character-thats-all-green-flags-23452577|access-date=28 September 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]] joined the cast as Chandrika, marking her television comeback after 2 year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 October 2024|title=Popular actress Nausheen Ali Sardar makes her comeback on the small screen with Zee TV's new show Vasudha.|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/popular-actress-nausheen-ali-sardar-makes-her-comeback-on-the-small-screen-with-zee-tvs-new-show-vasudha-read-on/|access-date=28 September 2025|work=[[The Tribune India]]|language=en}}</ref> In April 2025, Pratiksha Rai was selected to play Karishma.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=12 April 2025|title=Pratiksha Rai talks about her role in the show Vasudha|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/pratiksha-rai-talks-about-her-role-in-the-show-vasudha/|access-date=28 September 2025|work=[[The Tribune India]]|language=en}}</ref> In same month, [[Rajesh Jais]] was cast as Surya Singh Rathod, after a thirteen year television hiatus.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=29 April 2025 |title=Veteran actor Rajesh Jais returns to TV after nearly 13 years with Vasudha; says 'It was a deeply satisfying experience'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/veteran-actor-rajesh-jais-returns-to-tv-after-nearly-13-years-with-vasudha-says-it-was-a-deeply-satisfying-experience/articleshow/120700449.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 September 2025|language=en}}</ref> In July 2025, Sardar quit the series and replaced by [[Parineeta Borthakur]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=29 July 2025|title=Nausheen Ali Sardar exits Vasudha; here's who plays the role now
|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/vasudha-nausheen-ali-sardar-exits-parineeta-borthakur-roped-in-23586942|access-date=28 September 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref>

Earlier Starting With Lowest Ratings of 0.9 in its opening week . Vasudha Gradually Became The Number One Show In ZEE TV Despite Significant Slot Changes . Earlier Weeks of 2026 It was Among The Top 5 Shows . In Week 17 2026 It Was the Number One Highest TRP Show On Indian Television Marking a Great Success For the Channel .

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Language
! Title
! Original release
! Network(s)
! Last aired
! Notes
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]'' ముద్ద మందిరం
| 17 November 2014
| [[Zee Telugu]]
| 27 December 2019
| Original
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Sembaruthi]]'' செம்பருத்தி
| 16 October 2017
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 31 July 2022
| rowspan="5" | Remake
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Chembarathi (TV series)|Chembarathi]]'' ചെമ്പരത്തി
| 26 November 2018
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 25 March 2022
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Paaru (Kannada TV series)|Paaru]]'' ಪಾರು
| 3 December 2018
| [[Zee Kannada]]
| 16 March 2024
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]'' पारू
| 12 February 2024
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 6 February 2026
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''Vasudha'' वसुधा
| 16 September 2024
| [[Zee TV]]
| Ongoing
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt33310356}}
*[https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/vasudha/0-6-4z5612471 ''Vasudha''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2020s Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Arrest of Mehraj Malik

2026-05-08T08:17:09Z

BSHindia: put up new bio

{{Short description|Arrest of Indian Politician Mehraj Malik}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = Arrest of [[Mehraj Malik]]
|court = [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|image = Arrest of Mehraj Malik.jpeg
|imagesize =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = Mehraj Din Malik Th. Father Shamas Din v. Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir & Others
|date decided = Bailed (order quashed: 27 April 2026;)
|citations = HCP No. 139/2025
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
| judges = Justice Vinod Chatterji Koul Justice [[Sanjay Dhar]] Justice Rajnesh Oswal Justice Mohd Yousuf Wani Justice Rajesh Sekhri
|number of judges =
|decision by =
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions = Detention Order No. 05 of 2025 dated 08 September 2025 issued by District Magistrate, Doda under J&K Public Safety Act, 1978
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = {{Hlist|[[Public Safety Act]]|[[Habeas corpus]]|[[Preventive detention]]|[[Constitution of India|Article 21]]|[[Constitution of India|Article 22]]|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]|[[Mehraj Malik]]}}
|italic title = no
}}
On September 8, 2025 '''[[Mehraj Malik]]''' was placed under preventive detention under the [[Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978]] (PSA). Malik, the sole Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) in Jammu and Kashmir, representing the [[Doda Assembly constituency|Doda East assembly constituency]], was arrested on grounds of activities prejudicial to public order. The detention, the first of a sitting MLA under the PSA in the Union Territory, sparked protests, internet suspensions, and political controversy.<ref name="The Hindu-2025b">{{Cite news|title=AAP MLA arrested under Public Safety Act; J&K CM, parties condemn move|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly/aap-mla-mehraj-malik-detained-under-psa-in-jks-doda/article70025602.ece|date=2025-09-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref><ref name="The Week-2025">{{Cite news|title=Arrest of J&K AAP MLA Mehraj Malik under PSA Act marks new threshold in use of controversial law|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2025/09/09/arrest-of-j-k-aap-mla-mehraj-malik-under-psa-act-marks-new-threshold-in-use-of-controversial-law.html|date=2025-09-09|work=The Week|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref> Malik challenged the order via a habeas corpus petition in the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, seeking quashing of the detention and ₹5 crore in compensation.<ref name="LiveLaw-2025">{{Cite news|title=J&K&L High Court Issues Notice On Plea Challenging Detention Of AAP MLA Mehraj Din Malik Under Public Safety Act|url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/jammu-kashmir/jammu-kashmir-high-court-hearing-plea-against-aap-mla-mehraj-din-malik-psa-detention-305101|date=2025-09-25|work=LiveLaw|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

== Background ==
Mehraj Malik, born in 1988, is a social worker and politician from Doda district in Jammu and Kashmir. He joined the AAP in 2013 and contested independently in the 2014 assembly elections. In 2020, he won the [[District Development Council]] election from [[Kahara, Jammu and Kashmir|Kahara]]. Malik was appointed AAP's Jammu and Kashmir state president on March 21, 2025. He secured victory in the 2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election from Doda, defeating the BJP candidate by 4,538 votes, becoming the party's first and only MLA in the region.<ref name="The Hindu-2025b"/>

Prior to his arrest, Malik had a history of legal issues, including 18 First Information Reports (FIRs) and 16 Daily Diary Reports (DDRs) between 2014 and 2025. These involved allegations of assaulting public servants, unlawful assembly, intimidation, hate speech, and violation of prohibitory orders.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2025b">{{Cite news|title=18 FIRs, 16 DDRs: Doda MLA Malik a history-sheeter, reveals dossier|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/18-firs-16-ddrs-against-doda-aap-mla-mehraj-malik-dossier-101757588487515.html|date=2025-09-11|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref><ref name="The Indian Express-2025">{{Cite news|title=J&K's only AAP MLA is first legislator to be detained under Public Safety Act for a year|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jammu-and-kashmir-aap-mla-psa-detained-10237656/|date=2025-09-08|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref> In May 2025, he allegedly threatened doctors at [[Government Medical College, Doda]], leading to a strike and an FIR.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2025b"/>

The immediate trigger was a viral video from early September 2025, where Malik allegedly used abusive language against Doda Deputy Commissioner Harvinder Singh during a dispute over pending dues for relief workers amid floods and heavy rains in the region.<ref name="The Hindu-2025b"/><ref name="Kashmir Times-2025">{{Cite news|title=Doda Unrest: MLA Mehraj Malik's PSA Arrest Sparks Protests|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/news/doda-on-the-boil-if-mla-mehraj-malik-can-be-arrested-under-psa-anyone-can-be|date=2025-09-11|work=Kashmir Times|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref> On September 5, tensions escalated over the shifting of a primary health sub-centre in Kencha village in Malik's constituency, which Malik had relocated to a building allegedly owned by one of his supporters; Malik argued that the structure was safer and more accessible for villagers.<ref name="The New Indian Express-2025">{{Cite news|title=AAP seeks special J&K assembly session over MLA Mehraj's arrest, urges CM Omar to visit him in Jail|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Sep/13/aap-seeks-special-jk-assembly-session-over-mla-mehrajs-arrest-urges-cm-omar-to-visit-him-in-jail|date=2025-09-13|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

== Arrest and Detention Order ==
On September 8, 2025, Doda District Magistrate Harvinder Singh issued Detention Order No. 05 of 2025 under Section 8 of the PSA, authorizing Malik's preventive detention for up to one year without trial.<ref name="Greater Kashmir-2025">{{Cite news|title=MLA Mehraj Malik challenges PSA detention; seeks quashment, Rs 5 crore compensation|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/latest-news/mla-mehraj-malik-challenges-psa-detention-seeks-quashment-rs-5-crore-compensation/|date=2025-09-24|work=Greater Kashmir|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref><ref name="The Indian Express-2025"/> The order cited Malik's "continual unlawful conduct" as a "grave threat" to public order, referencing his history of FIRs and recent inflammatory remarks.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2025b"/> Malik was arrested at Dak Bungalow, Doda, while en route to flood-affected areas, and initially lodged in Bhaderwah Jail before transfer to Kathua District Jail.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AAP MLA Mehraj Malik detained under PSA|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/front-page-2/aap-mla-mehraj-malik-detained-under-psa/|date=2025-09-08|work=Greater Kashmir|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

The PSA, enacted in 1978, permits detention without charges if deemed necessary for state security or public order.<ref name="The Week-2025"/> Critics, including Amnesty International, have labeled it "draconian."<ref name="The Hindu-2025a">{{Cite news|title=Doda Protest: J&K tense after MLA Mehraj Malik's PSA detention; Security forces deployed|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/jammu-kashmirs-doda-remains-tense-additional-security-forces-deployed-in-sensitive-areas/article70033090.ece|date=2025-09-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

== Protests and Public Reaction ==
Malik's arrest triggered immediate protests in [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]], [[Thathri]], [[Bhalessa]], and [[Jammu]], with demonstrators demanding revocation of the PSA and his release.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arrested AAP MLA's supporters stage protests in Doda, demand revocation of PSA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/arrested-aap-mlas-supporters-stage-protests-in-doda-demand-revocation-of-psa/article70029985.ece|date=2025-09-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu-2025a"/> Clashes with security forces led to injuries, over 200 detentions, and 15 FIRs against protesters.<ref name="The New Indian Express-2025"/> Authorities imposed Section 144 restrictions, suspended internet services, and deployed additional forces.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Authorities impose restrictions in J&K's Doda to prevent fresh protests over AAP MLA's arrest; internet suspended|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Sep/10/protests-erupt-in-jks-doda-as-aap-mla-mehraj-malik-detained-under-psa-internet-services-suspended|date=2025-09-10|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

Political reactions were swift. Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister [[Omar Abdullah]] condemned the arrest as an "attack on democracy."<ref name="The News Mill-2025">{{Cite news|title="Wrongly charged under PSA": AAP MLA Mehraj Malik's father questions his son's detention|url=https://thenewsmill.com/2025/09/wrongly-charged-under-psa-aap-mla-mehraj-maliks-father-questions-his-sons-detention/|date=2025-09-09|work=The News Mill|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref> AAP national convenor [[Arvind Kejriwal]] called it a "grave crime" for demanding healthcare facilities.<ref name="The News Mill-2025"/> National Conference leaders Farooq and Omar Abdullah, Congress's G.A. Mir, and PDP's Mehbooba Mufti criticized the move as undemocratic.<ref name="The Hindu-2025b"/><ref name="Kashmir Times-2025"/> AAP demanded a special assembly session and urged Chief Minister Omar Abdullah to visit Malik in jail.<ref name="The New Indian Express-2025"/>

An online petition on [[Change.org]] titled "Release Mehraj Malik and Repeal PSA from Jammu and Kashmir" garnered significant support.<ref name="The Week-2025"/><ref>{{cite news | last=Rihat | first=Tahir | title=Petition Seeking Release of AAP Leader Mehraj Malik Garners Over 17,000 Signatures as High Court Hearing Looms | date=7 October 2025 | url=https://thechenabtimes.com/2025/10/07/petition-seeking-release-of-aap-leader-mehraj-malik-garners-over-17000-signatures-as-high-court-hearing-looms/ | language=en-US | access-date=4 December 2025 }}</ref> Senior advocate Nirmal K. Kotwal withdrew from AAP's legal team on September 18, citing objectionable videos of Malik.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Senior advocate withdraws from defending detained AAP MLA Mehraj Malik: 'His utterances are…'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aap-mla-mehraj-malik-detained-advocate-withdraws-10257649/|date=2025-09-18|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

== Legal Proceedings ==
On September 24, 2025, Malik filed Habeas Corpus Petition (HCP) No. 139/2025 in the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh at Jammu, challenging the detention as "arbitrary and mala fide" and seeking immediate release and ₹5 crore compensation for rights violations under Articles 21 and 22 of the Indian Constitution.<ref name="LiveLaw-2025"/><ref name="Greater Kashmir-2025"/> The petition alleged bias by the District Magistrate.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AAP MLA Challenges PSA In J&K High Court, Seeks ₹5 Cr|url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2025/09/24/mla-malik-challenges-psa-detention-hc-seeks-govt-response/|date=2025-09-24|work=Kashmir Observer|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

Justice Vinod Chatterji Koul admitted the petition and issued notices to respondents, including the Principal Secretary (Home), Doda DM, SSP Doda, and Kathua Jail Superintendent, directing responses by October 14.<ref name="LiveLaw-2025"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jammu & Kashmir High Court notice to officials as AAP MLA challenges arrest under PSA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/jammu-kashmir-high-court-notice-to-officials-as-aap-mla-challenges-arrest-under-psa/article70090241.ece|date=2025-09-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref> Senior Additional Advocate General Monika Kohli accepted notices in court.<ref>{{Cite news|title=HC admits AAP MLA Mehraj Malik's habeas corpus petition challenging PSA detention|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/hc-admits-aap-mla-mehraj-maliks-habeas-corpus-petition-challenging-psa-detention-1503491057.html|date=2025-09-24|work=The Statesman|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

Subsequent hearings:
* '''October 14, 2025:''' Before Justice [[Sanjay Dhar]]; adjourned for responses by November 7, with interim plea for assembly participation and Rajya Sabha voting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/for-participating-in-upcoming-rs-polls-assembly-session-hc-asks-j-k-govt-to-file-response-on-malik-s-plea-by-october-18-101760469949689.html |title=HC asks J&K govt to file response on Malik's plea by October 18 |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 October 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''November 7, 2025:''' Before Justice Rajnesh Oswal; fixed for final hearing on November 20.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lawtrend.in/jk-high-court-to-hear-aap-mla-mehraj-maliks-habeas-corpus-plea-on-november-20/ |title=J&K High Court to Hear AAP MLA Mehraj Malik's Habeas Corpus Plea on November 20 |work=Law Trend |date=7 November 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''November 20, 2025:''' Before Justice Mohd Yousuf Wani; arguments heard for over an hour; adjourned to December 4, with detention records ordered.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/detained-aap-mla-mehraj-maliks-plea-listed-for-final-hearing-in-jk-hc-on-december-4/ |title=Detained AAP MLA Mehraj Malik's plea listed for final hearing in J&K HC on December 4 |work=The Tribune |date=20 November 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''December 4, 2025:''' Marked part-heard before Justice Mohd Yousuf Wani; final arguments scheduled for December 18.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/high-court-to-hear-detained-jk-aap-chiefs-plea-on-november-20/articleshow/125169234.cms |title=High Court to hear detained J&K AAP chief's plea on November 20 |work=The Times of India |date=7 November 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''December 27, 2025:''' Before Justice Mohd Yousuf Wani; matter heard at length and listed as item No. 1 for January 29, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2025/12/28/hc-hears-habeas-corpus-plea-of-aap-mla-malik/ |title=HC hears habeas corpus plea of AAP MLA Malik |work=Kashmir Reader |date=28 December 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/high-court-defers-hearing-in-mla-mehraj-maliks-psa-case-to-january-29/ |title=High Court defers hearing in MLA Mehraj Malik's PSA case to Jan 29 |work=Daily Excelsior |date=27 December 2025 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''February 5, 2026:''' Listed for final hearing before Justice Rajesh Sekhri on the single bench.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thechenabtimes.com/2026/01/29/high-court-sets-february-5-2026-for-final-hearing-in-doda-mla-mehraj-din-maliks-habeas-corpus-petition/ |title=High Court Sets February 5, 2026 for Final Hearing in Doda MLA Mehraj Din Malik's Habeas Corpus Petition |work=The Chenab Times |date=29 January 2026 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>
* '''February 23, 2026:''' Before Justice Mohammad Yousuf Wani via virtual mode; arguments from both sides completed and order reserved. Both parties granted one week to file written synopses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2026/02/23/jk-hc-reserves-order-on-mla-mehraj-maliks-psa-case/ |title=J&K High Court Reserves Order On Doda MLA's PSA Plea |work=Kashmir Observer |date=23 February 2026 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="Law Trend-2026">{{Cite web |url=https://lawtrend.in/jk-and-ladakh-hc-reserves-order-on-habeas-corpus-plea-challenging-psa-detention-of-aap-mla-mehraj-malik/ |title=J&K and Ladakh HC Reserves Order On Habeas Corpus Plea Challenging PSA Detention of AAP MLA Mehraj Malik |work=Law Trend |date=23 February 2026 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>

Malik's counsel, led by Senior Advocate Rahul Pant (assisted by Sheikh Shakeel Ahmed, Appu Singh Slathia, M. Zulkarnain Chowdhary, and others), argues the detention lacks evidence and stems from bias.<ref name="LiveLaw-2025"/> The government maintains the action was necessary for public safety.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2025b"/>

In a related case, on October 23, 2025, Justice Vinod Chatterji Koul quashed the PSA detention of Malik's aide, Mohammad Rafi alias Pinka, citing vague grounds.<ref>{{Cite news|title=J&K: HC quashes detention of aide of AAP MLA Mehraj Malik under PSA|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/jk-hc-quashes-detention-of-aide-of-aap-mla-mehraj-malik-under-psa-101761248251082.html|date=2025-10-23|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=High Court quashes preventive detention of AAP MLA Mehraj Malik's aide under PSA|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/high-court-quashes-preventive-detention-of-aap-mla-mehraj-maliks-aide-under-psa-1503502347.html|date=2025-10-23|work=The Statesman|access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

== Impact ==
The arrest prevented Malik from attending the assembly session and Rajya Sabha polls; he voted via postal ballot. AAP formed a 10-member legal team on September 14 to challenge the detention.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2025a">{{cite news | last=Hussain | first=Ashiq | title=AAP forms legal team to challenge arrest of its lone MLA Mehraj Malik in J&K | website=Hindustan Times | date=14 September 2025 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/aap-forms-legal-team-to-challenge-arrest-of%20-its-lone-mla-mehraj-malik-in-jk-101757870430607.html) | access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> The case has fueled debates on PSA's misuse against elected officials post-Article 370 abrogation.<ref name="The Week-2025"/>

As of March 2026, Malik remains in custody. The High Court reserved its order on February 23, 2026, following completion of arguments from both sides before Justice Mohammad Yousuf Wani.<ref name="Law Trend-2026"/> J&K Deputy Chief Minister [[Surinder Kumar Choudhary|Surinder Chaudhary]] publicly expressed hope that the judiciary would deliver justice in Malik's case, drawing a parallel with the detention of climate activist [[Sonam Wangchuk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/hope-judiciary-does-justice-with-mehraj-malik-like-it-did-in-wangchuks-case-jk-dy-cm/ |title=Hope judiciary does justice with Mehraj Malik like it did in Wangchuk's case: J&K Dy CM |date=18 March 2026|work=[[Daily Excelsior]] |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mehraj Malik]]
* [[Doda Assembly constituency]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:September 2025 in India]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian law]]
[[Category:2020s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Arrests of individual people]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party]]

Nand Ghar

2026-05-07T04:41:16Z

BSHindia: put up data

{{Short description|Indian not-for-profit organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| formation = 2015
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
| website = {{URL|nandghar.org.in}}
| name = Nand Ghar
| image_alt = Nandghar
| caption = Nandghar
| image = Nandghar05.jpg
| logo =
| founder =
| founding_location =
| type = [[Nonprofit organization]]
| purpose =
| owner =
| key_people = [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]] (Founder and Chairman, Vedanta Resources Limited) Priya Agarwal Hebbar (Non-Executive Director, Vedanta Limited and Chairperson, Hindustan Zinc Limited) Shashi Arora (CEO, Nand Ghar)
| parent_organization = Anil Agarwal Foundation
| former_name =
| location = [[India]]
}}

[[Nand Ghar]] is the flagship project of the Anil Agarwal Foundation, the philanthropic arm of the Vedanta Group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-20 |title=UP government & Vedanta join forces to wipe out malnourishment |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/business/up-government-vedanta-join-forces-to-wipe-out-malnourishment-482813 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nand Ghar To Combat Malnourishment Among 3k Children {{!}} Varanasi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/nand-ghar-to-combat-malnourishment-among-3k-children/articleshow/92349785.cms |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Times of India |date=21 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-04 |title=CSR: Union Minister Anurag Thakur Inaugurated Vedanta's 2500th Nand Ghar At Hamirpur |url=https://indiacsr.in/csr-union-minister-anurag-thakur-inaugurated-vedantas-2500th-nand-ghar-at-hamirpur/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India CSR |language=en-US}}</ref> The project provides infrastructure facilities along with early childhood education, healthcare, nutrition, and skill development for women with the goal of empowering 7 [[crore]] children and 2 crore women over 13.7 lakh [[Anganwadi]] centers in India.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=Vedanta Chairman's dream project Nand Ghar achieves a significant milestone, the 3000 Mark! |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/vedanta-chairmans-dream-project-nand-ghar-achieves-a-significant-milestone-the-3000-mark/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India Education |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |title=Union minister Smriti Irani launches Vedanta's Telemedicine Program |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/union-minister-smriti-irani-launches-vedantas-telemedicine-program/articleshow/81513865.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2021-11-25}}</ref> Under its Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), the [[Ministry of Women and Child Development]] and Vedanta are working together on the Nand Ghar project. In April 2016, the first Nand Ghar was founded in [[Varanasi]]'s Nagepur district.
<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Anil Agarwal Foundation Ensure Education For Children During Pandemic |url=http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/Anil-Agarwal-Foundation-Ensure-Education-For-Children-During-Pandemic-/16-11-2021-412022 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BW Education |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Corporate hand in Uttar Pradesh anganwadi upgrade |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/corporate-hand-in-uttar-pradesh-anganwadi-upgrade/cid/1801881 |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> As of 2025, about 10,000 centres of Nand Ghar are operating in 16 states.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vedanta’s Nand Ghar Crosses 10,000 Centres Across 16 States, Expands Impact on Women and Children |url=https://thecsruniverse.com/articles/vedanta-s-nand-ghar-crosses-10-000-centres-across-16-states-expands-impact-on-women-and-children |work=The CSR Universe |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Commencing on October 2, 1975, the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (ICDS) Scheme is one of the largest community-based programs globally.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-26 |title=UNICEF India - Media centre - The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) |url=http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm |access-date=2024-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626213241/http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm |archive-date=26 June 2012 }}</ref> The ICDS provides services to adolescent girls, expectant and nursing mothers, and children up to the age of six.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |title=Vedanta chairman Anil Agarwal to set up 500 Nand Ghars in Uttar Pradesh |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/vedanta-chairman-anil-agarwal-to-set-up-500-nand-ghars-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/79725473.cms |access-date=2021-11-25}}</ref> Its goals are to provide the groundwork for the comprehensive, psychological, physical, and social development of children aged 0 to 6 as well as to improve their nutritional and health condition. Through nutrition and health education, it seeks to improve the mother's ability to provide for her child's fundamental medical and nutritional needs.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Project Nand Ghar: Anil Agarwal Foundation Partners With Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Improve Nutrition in India {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/business/project-nand-ghar-anil-agarwal-foundation-partners-with-bill-melinda-gates-to-improve-nutrition-in-india-4260793/ |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nandghar: Bolstering health and nutrition of future generations |url=https://humana-india.org/news/nandghar-bolstering-health-and-nutrition-of-future-generations/ |website=humana-india |date=12 July 2021}}</ref>

== Partnership==
In order to renovate Nand Ghars in 11 Indian states, Vedanta and the Ministry of Women and Child Development inked an agreement in 2015 after the Nand Ghar model was successfully demonstrated.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Corporate hand in Uttar Pradesh anganwadi upgrade |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/corporate-hand-in-uttar-pradesh-anganwadi-upgrade/cid/1801881 |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Vedanta has inked further Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with state governments to expand Nand Ghars into other regions within the alliance. In order to assist in the renovation of 500 Nand Ghars in the state of Uttar Pradesh, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation also partnered with Nand Ghar.<ref name=":62">{{Cite news |date=2020-10-31 |title=50 'Nand Ghars' dedicated in Dharwad district |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/50-nand-ghars-dedicated-in-dharwad-district/article32994248.ece |access-date=2022-09-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In February 2022, Anil Agarwal Foundation and the Government of Rajasthan inked an MoU to build 25,000 Nand Ghars across the state.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren inaugurates 50 Nand Ghars in Bokaro |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-inaugurates-50-nand-ghars-in-bokaro |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The Foundation then went on to sign many more with the Varanasi Administration in order to initiate a millet bar nutrition campaign and build Nand Ghars across the district.<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=Vedanta Chairman's dream project Nand Ghar achieves a significant milestone, the 3000 Mark! |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/vedanta-chairmans-dream-project-nand-ghar-achieves-a-significant-milestone-the-3000-mark/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India Education |language=en-US}}</ref> Nand Ghar has also launched the Global Volunteering Program, which welcomes both local and foreign volunteers.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=OdAdmin |date=2020-09-08 |title=Vedanta's Nand Ghar to collaborate with Govt. to promote 'Kuposhan mukt Bharat' which aims to fight malnutrition in children |url=https://orissadiary.com/vedantas-nand-ghar-to-collaborate-with-govt-to-promote-kuposhan-mukt-bharat-which-aims-to-fight-malnutrition-in-children/ |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=Odisha News {{!}} Odisha Breaking News {{!}} Latest Odisha News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-14 |title=Nand Ghar project achieves a significant milestone, the 3000 Mark! |url=https://indiacsr.in/nand-ghar-project-achieves-a-significant-milestone-the-3000-mark/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India CSR |language=en-US}}</ref> This program is the result of an agreement that Nand Ghar and Aii Group inked on 22 July 2022.
Additionally, it has partnered with organisations like Tata Consulting Engineers, [[KPMG]], [[Sesame Workshop]] India, etc. to support the implementation of its programs across its operational areas.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |title=Union minister Smriti Irani launches Vedanta's Telemedicine Program |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/union-minister-smriti-irani-launches-vedantas-telemedicine-program/articleshow/81513865.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2021-11-25}}</ref>

==Presence and scale==
here are currently 12,000 operational Nand Ghar centres in 17 states.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Vedanta Nand Ghar leads with ISO Certification in Odisha |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/vedanta-nand-ghar-leads-with-iso-certification-in-odisha/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |language=en-US}}</ref>. Now Vedanta has crossed the 10,000 Nand Ghar centres in 16 states as per 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=वेदांता का नंद घर - 16 राज्यों में 10,000 केंद्रों की ऐतिहासिक उपलब्धि |url=https://indiacsr.in/vedanta-nand-ghar-10000-centres-16-states-historic-achievement/ |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
Recently in Telangana, Hyderabada the Nand Ghar initiative was officially launched by Honourable Union Minister of Coal and Mines, [[G. Kishan Reddy|G Kishan Reddy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad: G. Kishan Reddy Launches Nand Ghar Initiative in Hyderabad |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/politics/telangana/hyderabad-union-minister-g-kishan-reddy-launches-nand-ghar-initiative-to-drive-grassroots-transformation-in-hyderabad-342254.html |work=English site |date=31 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities during Covid pandemic ==
In 2021, Nand Ghar launched a telemedicine model inaugurated by Smriti Zubin Irani, connecting rural communities with MBBS doctors and specialists, supported by mobile health vans for basic tests and medicines. During COVID-19, it enabled learning via WhatsApp and IVRS, reaching over 55,000 children, with content adopted across 62,000 anganwadis in Rajasthan.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |title=Union minister Smriti Irani launches Vedanta's Telemedicine Program |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/union-minister-smriti-irani-launches-vedantas-telemedicine-program/articleshow/81513865.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2021-11-25}}</ref><ref name=":16" />
Nand Ghars were also used as vaccination centers and COVID care facilities, while supporting oxygen plants and mobilizing women to stitch 1.5 lakh masks for community protection.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-24 |title=Vedanta's Nand Ghar project rolls out digital e-learning modules for children in villages of Odisha, UP and Rajasthan |url=https://orissadiary.com/vedantas-nand-ghar-project-rolls-out-digital-e-learning-modules-for-children-in-villages-of-odisha-up-and-rajasthan/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Odisha Diary |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Anil Agarwal Foundation Ensure Education For Children During Pandemic |url=http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/Anil-Agarwal-Foundation-Ensure-Education-For-Children-During-Pandemic-/16-11-2021-412022 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BW Education |language=en}}</ref> With these initiatives, Nand Ghar provided e-learning content to more than 55,000 children in rural areas. Nand Ghar’s e-content was adopted by the 62,000 Anganwadis in Rajasthan.<ref name=":122">{{Cite web |last=Imchen |first=Atula |date=2021-11-11 |title=Vedanta - Transforming Rural India Through Nand Ghar |url=https://www.csrmandate.org/vedanta-transforming-rural-india-through-nand-ghar/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=CSR Mandate |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Run For Zero Hunger Campaign==
The Run For Zero Hunger Campaign conducted annually under the Anil Agarwal Foundation, is a nationwide movement aimed at ensuring zero hunger with its association through the Vedanta Delhi Half Marathon. For every kilometre run by a participant, it pledged to nourish a child at Nand Ghar and 7 million meals were raised over two years. Vedanta has also partnered with major events like the [[Delhi Half Marathon]] for its Run for zero hunger campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-16 |title=5 million meals for children through #RunForZeroHunger |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/zero-hunger-each-km-run-meant-food-for-5-mn-kids/articleshow/104460649.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2025, this marathon was flagged off by Delhi CM [[Rekha Gupta]] and was won by Alex Matata of Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganesan |first1=Uthra |title=Matata, Lilian stamp Kenyan authority at Vedanta Delhi Half Marathon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/matata-lilian-stamp-kenyan-authority-at-vedanta-delhi-half-marathon/article70154980.ece#google_vignette |work=The Hindu |date=12 October 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Khaana Khaaya Kya Movement==
KhaanaKhaayaKya Movement
‘Agar Bachpan Se Poocha Khaana Khaaya, Toh Desh Ka Kal Banaya’ is a part of the larger Nand Ghar movement aimed at achieving zero hunger and strengthening the Anganwadi ecosystem in India. The movement invites public participation through donation, volunteering and partnerships.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Afaq |first=S |title=Manoj Bajpayee joins Nand Ghar's Agar Bachpan Se Poocha Khaana Khaaya, Toh Desh Ka Kal Banaya movement |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/manoj-bajpayee-joins-nand-ghars-agar-bachpan-se-poocha-khaana-khaaya-toh-desh-ka-kal-banaya-movement |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.afaqs.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==

Project Nand Ghar won a gold at the CSR Health Impact Awards 2020 organized by the Integrated Health and Wellbeing council to support the communities to combat the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=Vedanta Nand Ghar recognised for impact in community |url=https://indiacsr.in/vedanta-nand-ghar-recognised-for-impact-in-community/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India CSR |language=en-US}}</ref>
Nand Ghar was awarded the CSR Project of the Year Award at the India CSR Summit 2021.
It was also awarded the CSR Shining Star Award in the area of child development in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vedanta bags 4 Gold at CSR Health Impact Awards 2020 |url=https://www.impacthealth.in/lead-details.php?path=press_release_archive/2020/August/Vedanta-bags-4-Gold-at-CSR-Health-Impact-Awards-2020.php&typ=pr&pg=207 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=impacthealth.in |language=en}}</ref>
[[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Government]] recognised it as the Best Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) effort under the 'Indira Mahila Shakti Protsahan Evam Samman Yojana'.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-01 |title=Vedanta Nandghar declared as a best CSR initiative by Rajasthan Govt. |url=https://indiacsr.in/vedanta-nandghar-declared-as-a-best-csr-initiative-by-rajasthan-govt/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=India CSR |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2022 Nand Ghar was awarded SABERA Award in Innovative Development Sector Project.<ref>{{cite web |title=SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION – SABERA |url=https://www.sabera.co/sustainable-innovation/}}</ref>

==Verticals of Nand Ghar==
* Education: Nand Ghar's aim is to enhance pre-primary education through interactive learning methods by utilizing Building as Learning Aid (BaLA) designs and pre-loaded content on TV and smart kits, as well as tablets. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-01 |title=Transforming Lives: Priya Agarwal Hebbar on Nand Ghar's Social Impact |url=https://indiacsr.in/transforming-lives-priya-agarwal-hebbar-on-nand-ghars-social-impact/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>the programme delivers a structured Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) curriculum through a blended learning approach that combines digital content with activity-based Teaching and Learning Materials (TLMs).

* Health: Nand Ghar facilitates government vaccination programs for children and also extends health services through Mobile Health Vans and Telemedicine.
* Nutrition: Nand Ghar initiated a project that provided 72 lac multi-millet nutri bars (endorsed by ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, India) to Nand Ghar and other Anganwadi children, aged 3 to 6 years on a daily basis in the [[Varanasi district]]. Additionally, Nand Ghar is also supporting the government in facilitating hot-cooked meals and fortified dry ration to beneficiaries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=What Manoj Bajpayee said on his hunger pangs as he joins Vedanta's Nand Ghar initiative |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/anil-agarwal-welcomes-manoj-bajpayee-in-nand-ghar-initiative-427951-2024-05-02 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
* Women empowerment: Nand Ghars are utilized in the second half of the day to engage women beneficiaries, facilitating skill training and scheme linkage activities, while also providing access to income generating avenues such as job work, placements, market linkage, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-01 |title=Transforming Lives: Priya Agarwal Hebbar on Nand Ghar's Social Impact |url=https://indiacsr.in/transforming-lives-priya-agarwal-hebbar-on-nand-ghars-social-impact/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:Child care]]
[[Category:Ministry of Women and Children Affairs]]
[[Category:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation people]]

Nadapuram Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T12:25:38Z

BSHindia: put up details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nadapuram
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 22
| map_image = File:Nadapuram Town New Pic.png
| map_caption = Nadapuram Junction in Nadapuram Assembly constituency
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = 2,16,141 (2021)
| mla = [[K. M. Abhijith]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| district = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
}}
'''Nadapuram State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district, Kerala.
|access-date = 6 September 2019
|archive-date = 8 September 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> As of the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is K.M Abhijith of [[Indian National Congress|INC]]

== Local self-governed segments==
Nadapuram Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kozhikode District
|access-date = 6 September 2019
|archive-date = 8 September 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!width="20px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="50px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Chekkiad]]
|rowspan=10| Grama panchayat
|rowspan=10| [[Vatakara]]
|-
|2
|[[Edacheri]]
|-
|3
|[[Kavilumpara]]
|-
|4
|[[Kayakkodi]]
|-
|5
|[[Maruthonkara]]
|-
|6
|[[Nadapuram]]
|-
|7
|[[Narippatta]]
|-
|8
|[[Thuneri]]
|-
|9
|[[Valayam]]
|-
|10
|[[Vanimal]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama
Sabha
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Tenure
|-
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|1st
| [[C. H. Kanaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|1957–1960
|-
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
|2nd
| Hameed Ali Shemnad
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|1960–1965
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|3rd
|E. V. Kumaran
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|1967–1970
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|4th
|[[Kumaran Madathil]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=12|Communist Party of India}}
|1970–1977
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|5th
|[[Kandalottu Kunhambu]]
|1977–1980
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|6th
| rowspan="2" |[[K. T. Kanaran]]
|1980–1982
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|7th
|1982–1987
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|8th
| rowspan="3" |[[Sathyan Mokeri]]
|1987–1991
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|9th
|1991–1996
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|10th
|1996–2001
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|11th
| rowspan="2" |[[Binoy Viswam]]
|2001–2006
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|12th
|2006–2011
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
| rowspan="3" |[[E. K. Vijayan]]
|2011–2016
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|14th
| 2016–2021
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|15th
|[[Incumbent]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== LOCAL BODY ELECTIONS ===

==== <big>2025</big> ====
{| class="wikitable"
|SEGMENT
|LDF
|NDA
|UDF
|IND
|SDPI
|WPI
|
|LEADING ALLIANCE
lMAJORITY VOTE
|-
|CHEKKIAD
|4907
|399
|10154
|183
|0
|0
|15643
|UDF
|-5247
|EDACHERI
|9973
|1463
|7766
|161
|125
|0
|19488
|LDF
|-2207
|KAVILUMPARA
|7150
|999
|7503
|0
|0
|0
|15652
|UDF
|-353
|KAYAKKODI
|8153
|1357
|7717
|0
|61
|0
|17288
|LDF
|-436
|MARUTHONKARA
|7143
|806
|5361
|734
|335
|285
|14664
|LDF
|-1782
|NADAPURAM
|10365
|1766
|16020
|0
|161
|0
|28312
|UDF
|-5655
|NARIPATTA
|9047
|2242
|6306
|478
|0
|0
|18073
|LDF
|-2741
|THUNERI
|7213
|901
|9113
|14
|0
|0
|17241
|UDF
|-1900
|VALAYAM
|6881
|1585
|4603
|0
|0
|0
|13069
|LDF
|-2278
|VANIMAL
|7228
|943
|8235
|0
|425
|0
|16831
|UDF
|-1007
|TOTAL
|78060
|12461
|82778
|1570
|1107
|285
|176261
|
|-
|%
|44.28659772
|7.069629697
|46.96331009
|0.8907245505
|0.6280459092
|0.1616920362
|}

=== ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS ===

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Nadapuram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = P. Vasantham
|votes = 76163
|percentage = 40.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = K. M. Abhijith
|votes = 99763
|percentage = 52.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = C. P. Vipin Chandran
|votes = 11506
|percentage = 6.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 272
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==== <big>2021</big> ====
There were 201,719 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 election.

{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Nadapuram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=E. K. Vijayan|votes=83,293|percentage=47.46|change={{increase}}2.00|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Praveenkumar|votes=79,258|percentage=45.16|change={{increase}}2.00|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=M. P. Rajan|votes=10,537|percentage=6.00|change={{decrease}}2.80}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=K. K. Nasar Master|votes=1,676|percentage=0.95|change={{decrease}}0.39}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=316|percentage=0.18|change=−0.09}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=T.praveen Kumar|votes=258|percentage=0.15|change=–}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sreedharan K K|votes=165|percentage=0.10|change=–}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=4,035|percentage=2.12|change={{decrease}}0.60}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=162,950|percentage=80.5|change={{decrease}}0.27}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 2,01,719 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Nadapuram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=E. K. Vijayan|votes=74,742|percentage=45.87|change={{decrease}}3.35|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Praveenkumar|votes=69,983|percentage=42.95|change={{decrease}}1.12|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=M. P. Rajan|votes=14,493|percentage=8.90|change={{increase}}4.76}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=C. K. Abdul Rahim|votes=2,183|percentage=1.34|change={{increase}}0.07}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=446|percentage=0.27|change=–}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=K. K. Vasu|votes=377|percentage=0.23|change=–}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=E. K. Vijayan Komath|votes=220|percentage=0.14|change=–}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Praveenkumar Thayyullathil|votes=163|percentage=0.10|change=–}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Aluva Aneesh|votes=151|percentage=0.09|change=–}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=4,759|percentage=2.92|change={{decrease}}3.35}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,62,929|percentage=80.77|change={{decrease}}1.50}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India|swing={{decrease}}3.35}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,77,993 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Nadapuram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=E. K. Vijayan|votes=72,078|percentage=49.22|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=V. M. Chandran|votes=64,532|percentage=44.07|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. P. Prakash Babu|votes=6,058|percentage=4.14|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Ismail Kammana|votes=1,865|percentage=1.27|change=–}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Chandran|votes=745|percentage=0.51|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=C. K. Vijayan|votes=708|percentage=0.48|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. P. Vijayan|votes=444|percentage=0.30|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=7,546|percentage=5.15|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,46,430|percentage=82.27|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Nadapuram]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. K. Sankara Varma Raja |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,173 |percentage=40.86% |change=40.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Thacharakandy |party=Communist Party of India |votes=16,572 |percentage=37.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sreedhara Arangil |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=9,736 |percentage=21.89% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,601 |percentage=3.60% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,481 |percentage=70.96% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,684 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Nadapuram]]
* [[Kozhikode district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Ekans – Snakes Awake

2026-05-02T14:46:00Z

BSHindia: Stub.

{{short description|Indian animated series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Ekans - Ek Se Badhkar Snake Ekans
| image = Ekans logo.png
| country = India
| language = {{Ubl|English|Hindi|Tamil|Telugu}}
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Action fiction|Action]]
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
* [[Myth]]ological
* [[Science fiction]]
* [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]]
}}
| writer = Yash Thakur
| creator =
| director = Yogesh Kawale
| executive_producer = Meera Latkar Nemlekar
| producer = Ashish J Thapar
| voices = {{Plainlist|
* Vaibhav Thakkar
* Prasad Barve
* Araanya Kaur
* Mukesh Pandey
* Ghanshyam Shukla
* Rohan jadhav}}
| opentheme = "Ekans"
| endtheme = "Ekans"
| company = Hi-Tech Animation WarnerMedia India
| network = [[Cartoon Network (Indian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]
| composer =
| num_episodes = 102
| num_seasons = 6
| list_episodes =
| runtime = 11-12 minutes
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|06|27|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''Ekans – Snakes Awake''' also known as '''Ekans – Ek Se Badhkar Snake''' or simply '''Ekans''' is an Indian [[science fiction]] superhero [[computer-animated]] series produced by Hi-Tech Animation for Cartoon Network (India and Asia).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2021/06/cartoon-network-bringing-its-first-local-sci-fi-superhero-cgi-series-ekans-ek-se-badhkar-snake|title=Cartoon Network bringing its first local sci-fi superhero CGI series, 'Ekans - Ek Se Badhkar Snake'|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124032344/https://bestmediainfo.com/2021/06/cartoon-network-bringing-its-first-local-sci-fi-superhero-cgi-series-ekans-ek-se-badhkar-snake/|url-status=live}}</ref> The series centers around 13-year-old Ekans, whose name spelled backward would be "S, N, A, K, E". He has the ability to control snakes in form of robots and can also tackle real ones as well.

It is the first Cartoon Network Indian original computer-animated series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awn.com/news/cartoon-network-india-launching-ekans-ek-se-badhkar-snake|title=Cartoon Network India Launching 'Ekans – Ek Se Badhkar Snake'|website=Animation World Network|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629082000/https://www.awn.com/news/cartoon-network-india-launching-ekans-ek-se-badhkar-snake|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series revolves around a 13-year-old street-smart wunderkind, Ekans, who is chosen as the one and is gifted a nagamani by the world's most powerful snakes, thanks to his heart of gold and fearless attitude. With extraordinary snake-like powers, the otherwise conventional tech-savvy youngster obtains heightened sensory perceptions, ability to camouflage, flexibility, and strength to keep humanity safe from the evils of the world. That's not all; his trendy hi-tech superpower suit with mechanical snakes gives him additional abilities to cleverly outsmart villains.

The concept of snake-based powers in the series is derived from an old Indian legend revolving around snakes. In the legend, a community of snakes were granted sentience and powers such as metamorphosis by a magical stone called the Nagamani (lit. Serpent Gem).

== Characters ==
=== Main ===
* Ekans
* Chiku
* Kiara
* Diya
* Dr. Sanjay
* Chocho the Robot
* Naagrakshak
* Agent P
* Bunty
* Dheeraj
* Sonu and Monu

=== Villains ===
* Wire Z
* Shadow Fox
* Sandstorm
* Robotron
* Crazy Vulture
* Time Warp
* Dr. I
* Darkstone
* Elastiko
* Worm King
* Froggie
* Gazero
* Sapera
* Chemical King
* Crazy Collector
* Mongoose & Kanjoose
* Chen & Liu
* Octagon
* Gatoroid
* Danger Driller
* Cemento & Mixer
* Hathoda
* Maharoach
* Lathi & Kathi (Sapera's Assistant)
* Grenade & Bicho
* Zahreela
* Ai Virus Black Gurd
* Flower Monster
* Spider Monster
* Bhujang
* Dhoomketu
* Nark Danav

== Broadcast ==
The series debuted on [[Cartoon Network (Indian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] on 27 June 2021 with first season titled ''Ekans - Ek Se Badhkar Snake''. The second season of series premiered on 2 August 2021. The third season of the series was premiered on 22 November 2021 under the title ''Ekans - Snakes Awake!'' on [[Cartoon Network (Indian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/cartoon-network-announces-new-episodes-of-cgi-series-ekans-ek-se-badhkar-snake-111109.html|title=Cartoon Network announces new episodes of homegrown superhero CGI series 'Ekans – Ek Se Badhkar Snake'|first=Adgully|last=Bureau|website=www.adgully.com}}</ref> The series also premiered on [[Cartoon Network (Asian TV channel)|Cartoon Network Asia]] in 25 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CchLj2CspXq/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|title=Our newest hero has a heart of gold and serpent powers! Meet Ekans, chosen as "The One" by the most powerful snakes in the world {{!}} NEW SHOW! Ekans: Snakes Awake on #CartoonNetwork, Premieres April 25 at 1.30PM (SG/MY) {{!}} 12.30PM (TH/ID) {{!}} 4.45PM (PH) {{!}} 6PM (TW)
|access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> [[Cartoon Network (Indian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] shifted the series to its sister channel [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]] on 22 August 2022. The fourth season of the series premiered on 5 September 2022 on Pogo. The fifth season of the series premiered on 25 January 2023 on Pogo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CguBGLVhiGy/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|title=Ekans ki baat hi kuch aur hai! Stay tuned to see him on POGO TV very soon|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819195516/https://www.instagram.com/p/CguBGLVhiGy/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Logon ke dilon mein baj rahi hai ghanti kyun ki Ekans maar raha hai entry. Aagaya hai naya rakshak ab POGO par.Catch Ekans, 22nd Aug onwards, Mon-Fri at 7pm only on POGO|url=https://www.facebook.com/559496524139265/posts/pfbid02Q9xVJeNNRAh8aPW99Afmf19W2YgzBa6b5WQTqJsG5fjDPyrm3p6JdjiBMgbxtnX3l/?app=fbl|language=en|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502230346/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F559496524139265%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02Q9xVJeNNRAh8aPW99Afmf19W2YgzBa6b5WQTqJsG5fjDPyrm3p6JdjiBMgbxtnX3l%2F%3Fapp%3Dfbl|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Logon ke dilon mein baj rahi hai ghanti kyun ki Ekans maar raha hai entry. Aagaya hai naya rakshak ab POGO par. Catch Ekans, 22nd Aug onwards, Mon-Fri at 7pm only on POGO|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Chghll2KFTu/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|access-date=2022-08-21|archive-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821180036/https://www.instagram.com/p/Chghll2KFTu/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> The show shifted to their new sister channel [[Discovery Kids (Indian TV channel)|Discovery Kids]] on 14 October 2023.<ref>{{Citation |title= Discovery Kids India Ekans Snakes Awake Promo (2023) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE5-g4Ggukw |language=en |access-date=2023-09-27}}</ref>

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 (2021) ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! No. !! Title !! Original air date !! Description
|-
| 1 || Dark Dark Darkstone || || Ekans springs into action to stop wire Z when he gets wind of his plans to destroy earth with a rocket.
|-
| 2 || Space Center Pe Attack || ||Trouble unfolds when Dr. I uses his powers of invisibility to steal secrets.
|-
| 3 || Time Kya Hua Hai || || Ekans investigates a strange police radio message broadcast .
|-
| 4 || Break the Snake || || Ekans stops wire Z when he gets wind of his plans to destroy earth.
|-
| 5 || Snake Chor || || The evil Mangoose devises a plan to trap Ekans and rid him of his powers.
|-
| 6 || Football Match || || Ekans stops Darkstone from disrupting a football match.
|-
| 7 || Snake vs. Mongoose || || kans springs into action to stop Mangoose from kidnapping his friends.
|-
| 8 || Invisible Enemy || || Chaos unfolds when Dr. I uses his powers of invisibility to steal secrets.
|-
| 9 || Science Science Science || || Ekans springs into action to stop the Chemical King from spewing evil.
|-
| 10 || Shadow Fox Return || || Trouble unfolds when Shadow Fox rises out of the sea and attacks the city.
|-
| 11 || Picnic Pe Vulture Attack || || Trouble unfolds when Crazy Vulture kidnaps Ekans friends.
|-
| 12 || Elastiko Man || || Trouble unfolds when an evil experiment goes awry at the Space Center.
|-
| 13 || Crazy Vulture || || Chaos ensues when Crazy Vulture attacks the city and Ekans must stop him.
|}

<ref>{{cite web
|title=Ekans – Snakes Awake
|url=https://discoveryplus.in/show/ekans-snakes-awake-in
|access-date=3 January 2026
}}</ref>

== Specials ==
=== Ekans – Origin Story ===
On 25 December 2021 Cartoon Network aired a special episode of the series titled ''Ekans Special:'' ''Ekans: Origin Story'' in the celebration of [[Christmas]]. In this special episode, it was revealed how Ekans got his super powers and nagamani.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ekans Special {{!}} Christmas Special {{!}} Saturday 25th, December, 2021 at 10:30 AM {{!}} Only on Cartoon Network |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgOKiSPp8Zo |language=en |access-date=2021-12-25 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705075509/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgOKiSPp8Zo&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Ekans Special {{!}} Christmas Special {{!}} Saturday 25th, December, 2021 at 10:30 AM {{!}} Cartoon Network |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv5YVMemDOg |language=en |access-date=2021-12-25 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705075517/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv5YVMemDOg&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also premiered on [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]] with the title ''Ekans: Origin Story'' on 4 September 2022.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ekans – Origin Story {{!}} POGO {{!}} Movie – 4th September – 12:30 PM |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tq7-qXSRGmw |language=en |access-date=2022-09-02 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902141105/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=tq7-qXSRGmw |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Movies ==
=== Ekans – Hero Ek Villain Anek ===
A theatrical film titled ''Ekans – Hero Ek Villain Anek'' was released in [[PVR Cinemas]] on 19 August 2022 in three languages i.e. [[Hindi Language|Hindi]], [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu Language|Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=AnimationXpress |date=2022-08-17 |title=POGO is bringing its superhero Ekans to PVR Cinemas with an exclusive 'Ekans-Hero Ek Villain Anek' movie premiere |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/pogo-is-bringing-its-superhero-ekans-to-pvr-cinemas-with-an-exclusive-ekans-hero-ek-villain-anek-movie-premiere/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=AnimationXpress |language=en-US |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817200020/https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/pogo-is-bringing-its-superhero-ekans-to-pvr-cinemas-with-an-exclusive-ekans-hero-ek-villain-anek-movie-premiere/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film later premiered on [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo TV]] in 16 October 2022.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ekans – Hero Ek Villain Anek {{!}} New Movie {{!}} POGO {{!}} 16th October - 12:30 PM|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQIG1C4_Nuc|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012095628/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQIG1C4_Nuc&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Ekans – The Mystery Of Three Gems ===
[[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo TV]] launched another feature film of the series titled ''Ekans – The Mystery Of Three Gems'' on 9 October 2022.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ekans: The Mystery Of Three Gems {{!}} POGO {{!}} Movie – 9th October – 12:30 PM |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ehdDXsSYwM |language=en |access-date=2022-10-04 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004082051/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ehdDXsSYwM |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/english-entertainment/warner-bros-discovery-celebrates-dussehra-with-new-content-line-up-for-kids-221001|title=Warner Bros. Discovery's kids' entertainment channels—Discovery Kids, Cartoon Network, and POGO—are getting into the festive spirit with an action-packed and entertaining content line-up for kids and families to watch together|access-date=2022-10-01|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003162248/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/english-entertainment/warner-bros-discovery-celebrates-dussehra-with-new-content-line-up-for-kids-221001|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also an original film of [[Pogo TV]] of ''Ekans'' series.{{fact|date=October 2024}}

=== Ekans Takshak Ka Ashirwad ===
''Ekans Takshak Ka Ashirwad'' is the third film of the series. It was originally premiered on [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]] in 26 March 2023.<ref>{{Citation |title=Sapera karne aa raha hai Naag mandir par attack {{!}} kya Ekans kar payega fight back? {{!}} Jaan ne ke liye dekhiye new movie {{!}} 'Ekans Takshak Ka Ashirwad', 26th March Sunday dopahar 1 pm baje sirf POGO par|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/CqFaX7qoc1l/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= |language=en |access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref> The movie was also launched in [[Kannada Language|Kannada]] and [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]] with [[Hindi Language|Hindi]],

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:Cartoon Network (Indian TV channel) original programming]]

Kondeti Chittibabu

2026-04-28T15:50:58Z

BSHindia: New some info added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1954)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| predecessor = Pulaparty Narayana Murty
| successor = [[Giddi Satyanarayana]]
| constituency = [[Gannavaram, Konaseema Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
}}
'''Kondeti Chittibabu''' (born 1954) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[P. Gannavaram Assembly Constituency|P. Gannavaram Constituency]] in [[East Godavari district]] on [[YSRCP]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=P.Gannavaram MLA faces embarrassment from people |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/040223/pgannavaram-mla-faces-embarrassment-from-people.html |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gannavaram Constituency Election Results 2019: Gannavaram Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/gannavaram |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In April 2024, he quit YSRCP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=వైకాపాకు షాక్‌.. ఆ పార్టీని వీడిన మరో ఎమ్మెల్యే |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/politics/ysrcp-mla-kondeti-chitti-babu-joins-congress/0500/124071359 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Babu was born in [[Nagaram, East Godavari district|Nagaram]] village, [[Mamidikuduru mandal|Mamidikuduru Mandal]], East Godavari district. His father Nageswara Rao hails from an agricultural family. He married Lakshmi and has three children, Vikas Babu, Stalin Babu and Devi Priyanka. He completed his schooling at SGG Parishad High School and his intermediate from Govt Junior College, both from Mamidikuduru village. Then, he did his Bachelor of Arts degree at Government Degree College, Razole and his post-graduation at VSM College, Ramachandrapuram, which is affiliated with [[Andhra University]] in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-06 |title=Kondeti Chitti Babu {{!}} MLA {{!}} P.Gannavaram {{!}} East Godavari {{!}} YSRCP |url=https://theleaderspage.com/kondeti-chitti-babu/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his political career as an independent in 1994 but lost the MLA seat from Nagaram to Undru Krishna Rao of TDP. He joined YSR Congress Party and contested the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] from P. Gannavaram Constituency but lost to Pulaparthy Narayana Murthy of TDP by 13,505 votes. In the next election in 2019, he defeated Nelapudi Stalinbabu of TDP by a margin of 22,207 votes from the same seat. After he was dropped by YSRCP for the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly Election]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sailendra |first=K. V. |date=2024-01-06 |title=Rejig 'rejuvenates' YSRC cadre in East Godavari |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Jan/06/rejig-rejuvenates-ysrc-cadre-in-east-godavari-2648460.html |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> he joined the [[Indian National Congress]] Party in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=YSRCP P.Gannavaram MLA Kondeti Chittibabu joins Congress |url=https://www.ap7am.com/vn/384699/ysrcp-pgannavaram-mla-kondeti-chittibabu-joins-congress |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-14 |title=P Gannavaram MLA quits YSRCP, joins Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/p-gannavaram-mla-quits-ysrcp-joins-congress/articleshow/109280119.cms |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=YSRC sitting MLA Chittibabu joins Congress |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/legalnews/ysrc-sitting-mla-chittibabu-joins-congress-889490 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chittibabu, Kondeti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

Vibhu Bakhru

2026-04-23T05:00:59Z

BSHindia: put up some pg needs work

{{short description|35th Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vibhu Bakhru
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice
| image = Vibhu Bakhru.jpg
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Karnataka High Court|35th Chief Justice]] of [[Karnataka High Court]]
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[B. R. Gavai]]
| term_start = 19 July 2025
| term_end =
| term_label =
| status =
| predecessor = {{ubl|[[Nilay Vipinchandra Anjaria|N. V. Anjaria]]|[[V. Kameswar Rao]] {{small|(acting)}}}}
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Delhi High Court]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| term_start2 = 17 April 2013
| term_end2 = 18 July 2025 {{small| Acting CJ : 5 December 2024 – 20 January 2025}}
| nominator2 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|11|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]]
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]], [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]
| education = [[B.Com]]. [[Chartered Accountant|C.A.]]
}}

'''Vibhu Bakhru''' (born 2 November 1966) is an Indian jurist, currently serving as the [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Karnataka High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2025-07-19 |title=Justice Vibhu Bakhru sworn in as Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/justice-vibhu-bakhru-sworn-in-as-chief-justice-of-karnataka-high-court |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-07-19 |title=Justice Vibhu Bakhru sworn in as Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court |url=https://theprint.in/india/justice-vibhu-bakhru-sworn-in-as-chief-justice-of-karnataka-high-court/2695524/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Previously, he has also served as a judge of the [[Delhi High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Vibhu Bakhru {{!}} Welcome To Delhi High Court |url=https://delhihighcourt.nic.in/web/Judges/justice-vibhu-bakhru |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=delhihighcourt.nic.in}}</ref> He had also served as Acting Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre Appoints Vibhu Bakhru As Acting Chief Justice Of Delhi High Court |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-appoints-vibhu-bakhru-as-acting-chief-justice-of-delhi-high-court-7162989 |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> On 26 May 2025 the Supreme Court collegium recommended his appointment as chief justice of the [[Karnataka High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2025-05-07 |title=Collegium recommends appointment of Delhi High Court Justice Vibhu Bakhru as Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/collegium-recommends-appointment-of-justice-vibhu-bakhru-as-chief-justice-of-karnataka-high-court |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bakhru, Vibhu}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Karnataka High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Delhi High Court]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Rinki Kol

2026-04-16T06:46:48Z

BSHindia: New article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rinki Kol
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 13 May 2023
| party = [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
| other_party = [[National Democratic Alliance]] (2023–present)
| spouse = [[Rahul Prakash]]
| predecessor = [[Rahul Prakash]]
| relations = [[Pakaudi Lal Kol]] (father-in-law)
| constituency = [[Chhanbey Assembly constituency|Chhanbey]]
}}

'''Rinki Kol''' (born 1989) is an Indian politician who has been serving as a Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Chhanbey Assembly constituency]] since 13 May 2023 being associated with the [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=BJP alliance partner AD(S) defeats SP to retain Chhanbey assembly seat in by-poll |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/bjp-alliance-partner-ads-defeats-sp-to-retain-chhanbey-assembly-seat-in-by-poll/articleshow/100210577.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Bypoll Results: स्वार और छानबे विधानसभा सीट पर सपा को मिली करारी हार, अपना दल ने दोनों सीट पर की जीत दर्ज |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/live/up-bypoll-results-live-updates-rampur-swar-mirzapur-chanbe-assembly-seats-result-counting-swt |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Prabhat Khabar |date=13 May 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> She is wife of former Member of Legislative Assembly [[Rahul Prakash|Rahul Prakash Kol]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP By Election Result: छानबे उपचुनाव में अपना दल की जीत, दिवंगत विधायक की पत्नी ने सपा की 'कीर्ति' को किया ध्वस्त |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/mirzapur/up-by-election-result-apna-dal-victory-in-chanbe-seat-2023-05-13 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirzapur Chhanbey, UP By Election Chunav Result 2023: छानबे सीट पर राहुल कोल की पत्नी रिंकी की जीतीं, सपा की कीर्ति कोल को हराया |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/mirzapur/up-by-election-2023-result-mirzapur-chhanbey-seat-upchunav-vote-counting-win-loss-bjp-sp-bsp-live-updates/articleshow/100198848.cms |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kol, Rinki}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Mirzapur district]]
[[Category:Apna Dal (Sonelal) politicians]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

Siwan Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:35:34Z

BSHindia: put up the details v1

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Siwan
| type = SLA
| map_image = 105-Siwan constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| preceded_by = [[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]] {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Siwan district|Siwan]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Siwan Lok Sabha constituency|Siwan]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|105]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 319,165
| reservation = 
| incumbent_image =
| abolished = 
}}
'''Siwan''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Siwan district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Siwan will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.<ref name="election2043">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/36-seats-in-bihar-to-have-electronic-voting-machines-with-paper-trail-facility-1204308|title=36 Seats in Bihar to Have Electronic Voting Machines With Paper Trail Facility}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/poll-bound-bihar-to-get-36-evms-with-paper-trail-facility/|title=Poll-bound Bihar to get 36 EVMs with paper trail facility}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 105 Siwan Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Siwan [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] including [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]] Municipal Council; Lakri, Pakri, Aurae, Lakri Dargah, Kailgarh Uttar, Kailgarh Dakhin, Sunderpur and Hathigai [[gram panchayat]]s of Barharia CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Siwan Assembly constituency is part of No. 18 [[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)]] .<ref name=commission/> The former MLA Vyasdev Prasad of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] had won this particular assembly seat 3 times in a row since 2005. Present MLA of Siwan is Shri Awadh Bihari Choudhary from RJD elected in 2020.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web|title=Siwan Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/siwan.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Shankar Nath
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|Ram Baswan Ram
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Gadadhar Pd. Shrivastava
|-
|1959^
|S. Devi
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Janardan Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Raja Ram Chaudhry
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janardan Tiwari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ghulam Sarwar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Janardan Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vyas Deo Prasad]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwan<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:92379}}
|percentage = 48.47
|change = {{increase}}4.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:83009}}
|percentage = 43.56
|change = {{decrease}}1.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kafi Samshir
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = {{formatnum:3493}}
|percentage = 1.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Intekhab Ahmad
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2543}}
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sunita Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:2183}}
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sushil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1998}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2704}}
|percentage = 1.42
|change = {{increase}}0.58
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9370}}
|percentage = 4.91
|change = {{increase}}3.74
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190582}}
|percentage = 59.71
|change = {{increase}}5.29
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bhartiya Janata Party
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing = [[BJP]]
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwan<ref name="election2020"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Awadh Bihari Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:76785}}
|percentage = 45.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Om Prakash Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:74812}}
|percentage = 44.13
|change = +9.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Vinod Kumar Srivastava
|votes = {{formatnum:2582}}
|percentage = 1.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajan Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2346}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Abdul Rizwan Ansari
|votes = {{formatnum:2338}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Vyasdeo Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:1871}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nematullah Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:1582}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = The Plurals Party
|candidate = Rameshwar Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1552}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1416}}
|percentage = 0.84
|change = -2.41
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1973}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change = -1.07
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169519}}
|percentage = 54.42
|change = -1.66
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwan<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vyas Deo Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:55156}}
|percentage = 35.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Bablu Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:51622}}
|percentage = 32.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Avadh Vihari Choudhari
|votes = {{formatnum:28450}}
|percentage = 18.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Harendra Dubey
|votes = {{formatnum:4254}}
|percentage = 2.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Vinod Kumar Srivastav
|votes = {{formatnum:4102}}
|percentage = 2.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Jamil Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:1997}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Birendra Sah
|votes = {{formatnum:1542}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kaushal Kishore Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:1458}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:5119}}
|percentage = 3.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3534}}
|percentage = 2.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:157489}}
|percentage = 56.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1990===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwan<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]]
|votes = 76,785
|percentage = 45.30
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Om Prakash Yadav
|votes = 74,812
|percentage = 44.13
|change = +9.13
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,973
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Saran Division topics}}
{{coord|26|13|N|84|22|E|region:IN-BR|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Siwan district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Kanakpur, Chincholi

2026-04-10T16:30:22Z

BSHindia: New basic info needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kanakpur,Chincholi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = righti
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.471704|N|77.323515|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gulbarga]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Chincholi]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[grampanchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[lok sabha]]
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]]
| blank7_info_sec1 = Chincholi
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 585306.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pincodesearch.aspx |title=Pincode Search |accessdate=2016-11-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820061234/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pincodesearch.aspx |archivedate=2016-08-20 }}</ref>
| registration_plate = KA 32
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Kanakpur''', is a [[grampanchayat]] headquarter<ref name=Kanakpur>{{cite web|title=Village name changed Karakmukli to Kanakpur|url=http://www.gulbarga.nic.in/|website=WWW.gulbarga.nic.in|accessdate=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910164747/http://www.gulbarga.nic.in/|archive-date=10 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]], this village previously called with name '''Karakmukli'''.<ref name="schooleducation.kar.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.schooleducation.kar.nic.in/SchoolSearch/hsschlistdisp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 February 2016 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204022343/http://www.schooleducation.kar.nic.in/SchoolSearch/hsschlistdisp.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located in the [[Chincholi]] taluk of [[Kalaburagi district]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]]<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=Karakmkli Census 2011 data|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/620412-karakmukli-karnataka.html|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref> Karakmukli had a population of 2185 with 1072 males and 1113 females.

==Education Institutions==
Schools in kanakpur are
*Government higher primary school kanakpur
*Government high school kanakpur

For further studies students need to travel (13 km) from kanakpur.
*Govt first grade college [[chincholi]].<ref name="dce.kar.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dce.kar.nic.in/3%20Regions%20-%20gulbarga%20govt%20colleges.html |title=Government Colleges in Gulbarga Region |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405201702/http://dce.kar.nic.in/3%20Regions%20-%20gulbarga%20govt%20colleges.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*HKES's Smt. C.B. Patil Arts & Commerce Degree College, [[Chincholi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hkesociety.org/scbpdc/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301172803/http://www.hkesociety.org/scbpdc/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=1 March 2010 | title=An Institution of H K e Society's, Gulbarga }}</ref>
*Siddarath college of education [[chincholi]].
*Govt first grade college [[sulepeth]].<ref name="dce.kar.nic.in"/>
*Government [[Industrial training institute]], [[chincholi]].
To study technical education [[Diploma]] and [[Engineering]] student need to travel or stay 40 to 80 km, of nearer cities [[Humnabad]], [[Kalagi]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dte.kar.nic.in/Polytechnics.htm/ |title=Polytechnics |website=www.dte.kar.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511143221/http://dte.kar.nic.in/Polytechnics.htm |archive-date=11 May 2015}}</ref> [[Gulbarga]], [[Bidar]].

==Universities==
The nearest universities are [[Gulbarga University]] and [[Central University of Karnataka]]

==Agriculture==
Major Crops produced in the Karakmukli are [[Pigeon pea]], [[Sorghum]], [[Pearl millet]], [[chickpea]], [[mung bean]], [[vigna mungo]].

==Transport==
[[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] bus facility is available to travel within the Karnataka state and Nabour states, to travel within 15 to 20 km, share auto available. The nearest railway station is (43 km) [[tandur railway station]] TDU and [[Sedam railway station]]. The nearest domestic airport is [[Gulbarga Airport]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] (155 km) is the international airport.

==See also==
* [[Gulbarga]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]
* [[State Highway 75 (Karnataka)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{source-attribution}}

==External links==
* http://Gulbarga.nic.in
* [http://maps.google.com/?q=Karakmukli%2C+Karnataka+585306&ftid=0x3bc92f0f2382e47f:0x893b20f0f02e3f2a&hl=en&gl=in Map]

{{Settlements in Gulbarga district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kalaburagi district]]

{{Kalaburagi-geo-stub}}

Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest

2026-04-08T04:26:57Z

BSHindia: Stub.

{{Short description|Annual Indian media awards}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest and Awards
| image =OTT India Fest logo.png
| imagesize =
| caption = Bollywood Hungama OTT Awards 2023
| awarded_for = Excellence in cinematic achievements
| presenter = ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''
| country = India
| network =
| year = {{Start date|df=y|2023|10|18}}
| related =
| previous =
| next =
|winners=[[#Winners_and_nominees|Full list]]}}

The '''Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest and Awards''' are yearly honors that recognize artistic and technical excellence in [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] original programming within the [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] (OTT) space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=Bollywood Hungama announces OTT India Fest & Awards 2023 |url=https://mediabrief.com/bollywood-hungama-announces-ott-india-fest-awards-2023/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=MediaBrief |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010223032/https://mediabrief.com/bollywood-hungama-announces-ott-india-fest-awards-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Bollywood Hungama Ott India Fest: Latest News, Photos and Videos on Bollywood Hungama Ott India Fest - ABP Asmita |url=https://gujarati.abplive.com/topic/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest |access-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018142020/https://gujarati.abplive.com/topic/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest |archive-date=18 October 2023 }}</ref> The inaugural awards ceremony took place on 18 October 2023, at [[Taj Hotels|Taj Lands End, Mumbai]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sushmita Sen bags the 'Best Actress Award' for 'Taali' at the OTT India Fest |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-universe/sushmita-sen-bags-the-best-actress-award-for-taali-at-the-ott-india-fest/articleshow/104586080.cms |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=femina.in |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029162225/https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-universe/sushmita-sen-bags-the-best-actress-award-for-taali-at-the-ott-india-fest/articleshow/104586080.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It included films and series released between 2022 and 2023. The OTT India Fest was organized by the digital entertainment company [[Bollywood Hungama]] in collaboration with Cinema Waale Film and Television Productions LLP and Across Media Solutions and was presented by Sonata Poze.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT इंडिया फेस्ट में पहुंची श्रिया सरन:इवेंट में पैपराजी के सामने डांस करती नजर आईं एक्ट्रेस, मिर्जापुर फेम एक्ट्रेस श्वेता त्रिपाठी भी दिखीं |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/shriya-saran-reached-ott-india-fest-132011683.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=22 January 2024 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029204101/https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/shriya-saran-reached-ott-india-fest-132011683.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
The first edition of the Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest occurred on 18 and 19 October 2023,{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} at [[Taj Hotels|Taj Lands End, Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=From Fatima Sana Shaikh to Mouni Roy, stars descend at OTT India Fest |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/from-fatima-sana-shaikh-to-mouni-roy-stars-descend-at-ott-india-fest/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330153649/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/from-fatima-sana-shaikh-to-mouni-roy-stars-descend-at-ott-india-fest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Curated, directed, and scripted by Cinema Waale Film and TV Productions and produced by Across Media Solutions,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Bollywood Hungama launches 'OTT India Fest and Awards 2023': Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/07/bollywood-hungama-launches-ott-india-fest-and-awards-2023- |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=bestmediainfo.com |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720143454/https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/07/bollywood-hungama-launches-ott-india-fest-and-awards-2023- |url-status=live }}</ref> the event featured a diverse lineup of panel discussions, fireside chats, master classes, and workshops, as well as an awards ceremony to honour the artists from the OTT entertainment industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janhvi Kapoor's Chocolate Toned Bodycon Dress Was Made To Welcome Cosy Autumn Days |url=https://www.ndtv.com/lifestyle/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest-2023-janhvi-kapoors-chocolate-toned-bodycon-dress-was-made-to-welcome-cosy-autumn-days-in-her-fashionable-best-4502536 |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310235933/https://www.ndtv.com/lifestyle/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest-2023-janhvi-kapoors-chocolate-toned-bodycon-dress-was-made-to-welcome-cosy-autumn-days-in-her-fashionable-best-4502536 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dia Mirza: 'We (Bollywood) are going through a very rough patch for content creation' |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/dia-mirza-we-bollywood-are-going-through-a-very-rough-patch-for-content-creation/articleshow/104550979.cms |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=femina.in |language=en}}</ref>

The first day commenced with a panel discussion on India's OTT landscape, featuring industry experts and decision-makers. On the second day, the festival concluded with a panel featuring ''[[The Archies (film)|The Archies]]'' team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebs spotted at 'OTT India Fest 2023': Tamannaah seen adjusting boyfriend Vijay's ribbon, paps say- 'Good pairing' |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/bollywood/news/celebs-spotted-at-ott-india-fest-2023-132017188.html |website=Divya Bhaskar |access-date=22 January 2024 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025151303/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/bollywood/news/celebs-spotted-at-ott-india-fest-2023-132017188.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's cast—[[Suhana Khan]], [[Khushi Kapoor]], [[Agastya Nanda]], Mihir Ahuja, Vedang Raina, Yuvraj Menda, and Aditi Dot—joined [[Reema Kagti]] and [[Zoya Akhtar]] in launching the song 'Suno' from the [[Netflix]] original.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Vikas |title=ओटीटी इंडिया फेस्ट में ऐसा था मौनी रॉय का लुक, क्या आपने देखीं ये फोटोज |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/photos/entertainment/beautiful-mouni-roy-at-ott-india-fest-see-her-classy-look-3-8864948 |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2023 |title=Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest Day 2 EXCLUSIVE: Vedang Raina auditioned for Archie's role in The Archies; recalls giving "nerve-wracking" audition to Zoya Akhtar 2 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest-day-2-exclusive-vedang-raina-auditioned-archies-role-archies-recalls-giving-nerve-wracking-audition-zoya-akhtar/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029224425/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bollywood-hungama-ott-india-fest-day-2-exclusive-vedang-raina-auditioned-archies-role-archies-recalls-giving-nerve-wracking-audition-zoya-akhtar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Winners and nominees ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Original Films<ref>{{cite web |title=Winners of the 2023 Awards |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/ott-india-fest/winners.php |access-date=22 January 2024 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020153248/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/ott-india-fest/winners.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Feature Film (OTT Originals)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Director
|-
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]'''''
** ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohur]]''
** ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
** ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
** ''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Darlings (film)|Jasmeet K Reen]]''''' – '''''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]'''''
** [[Anvita Dutt]] – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
** [[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai|Apoorv Singh Karki]] – ''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai|Sirf Ek Banda Kaafi Hai]]''
** Rahul V Chiitela – ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]''
** Vasan Bala – ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor Male (Popular)
|-
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Manoj Bajpayee]]''''' – '''''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai|Sirf Ek Banda Kaafi Hai]] and [[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]'''''
** [[Rajkummar Rao]] – ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
** [[Varun Dhawan]] – ''[[Bawaal]]''
** [[Vicky Kaushal]] – ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
** [[Vijay Varma]] – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Varun Dhawan]]''''' – '''''[[Bawaal]]'''''
** [[Kartik Aaryan]] – ''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]''
** [[Sidharth Malhotra]] – ''[[Mission Majnu]]''
** [[Vicky Kaushal]] – ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
** [[Vijay Varma]] – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Female)
! style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor Female (Popular)
|-
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Sanya Malhotra]]''''' – '''''[[Kathal (film)|Kathal]]'''''
** [[Alia Bhatt]] – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]] and [[Heart of Stone (2023 film)|Heart of Stone]]''
** [[Janhvi Kapoor]] – ''[[Bawaal]]''
** [[Kiara Advani]] – ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
** [[Triptii Dimri]] – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Janhvi Kapoor]] – [[Bawaal]]'''''
** [[Alia Bhatt]] – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]] and [[Heart of Stone (2023 film)|Heart of Stone]]''
** [[Kiara Advani]] – ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]] and [[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]''
** [[Madhuri Dixit]] – ''[[Maja Ma]]''
** [[Sara Ali Khan]] – ''For Gaslight''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Sikandar Kher]]''''' – '''''[[Monica, O My Darling]]'''''
** [[Roshan Mathew]] – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
** [[Sharmila Tagore]] – ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]''
** [[Shefali Shah]] – ''Darlings''
** [[Suraj Sharma]] – ''Gulmohar''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Web Originals
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Series
!colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Director
|-
|
* '''''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]'''''
** ''[[Farzi]]''
** ''[[Kohrra]]''
** ''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]''
** ''[[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|The Night Manager Season 1 and 2]]''
|
* '''''[[Raj & DK|Raj and DK]]''''' ''– '''[[Farzi]] / [[Guns & Gulaabs]]'''''
** ''Abhay Pannu – [[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys Season 2]]''
** ''[[Hansal Mehta]] – [[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]''
** ''[[Homi Adajania]] – [[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo|Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo]]''
** ''[[Vikramaditya Motwane]] – [[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor Male (Popular)
|-
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Pankaj Tripathi]]''''' – '''''[[Criminal Justice: Adhura Sach]]'''''
** [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] – [[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|''The Night Manager Season 1 and 2'']]
** [[Arshad Warsi]] – ''[[Asur (TV series)|Asur S2]]''
** [[Sidhant Gupta]] – ''Jubilee''
** Suvinder Vicky – ''[[Kohrra]]''
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Rajkummar Rao]]''''' – '''''[[Guns & Gulaabs|Guns and Gulaabs]]'''''
** Aditya Roy Kapur – ''The Night Manager Season 1 and 2''
** Arshad Warsi – ''Asur S2''
** Pankaj Tripathi – ''Criminal Justice: Adhura Sach''
** Shahid Kapoor – ''Farzi''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Female)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor Female (Popular)
|-
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Sushmita Sen]]''''' — '''''[[Taali (TV series)|Taali]]'''''<ref name=":1" />
** [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] – ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
** [[Dimple Kapadia]] – ''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo|Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo]]''
** [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] – ''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made in Heaven S2]] and The Night Manager S1 & S2''
** Tilottama Shome and [[Amruta Subhash]] – ''[[Lust Stories 2]]''
| colspan="1" |
* '''''[[Sonakshi Sinha]]''''' – '''''[[Dahaad]]'''''
** [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] — ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
** [[Karishma Tanna]] – ''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]''
** [[Shefali Shah]] – ''[[Delhi Crime|Delhi Crimes S2]]''
** [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] – ''[[Aakhri Sach]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |People's Choice
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor of The Year - Male (Series)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor of The Year - Female (Series)
|-
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Anil Kapoor]]''''' – '''''[[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|The Night Manager]]'''''
** [[Abhishek Bachchan]] – ''[[Breathe: Into the Shadows|Breathe: Into the Shadows Season 2]]''
** [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] – ''The Night Manager Season 1 and 2''
** [[Manoj Bajpayee]] – ''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''
** [[Shahid Kapoor]] – ''[[Farzi]]''
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]''''' – '''''[[Jee Karda]] and [[Aakhri Sach]]'''''
** [[Kajol]] – ''[[Lust Stories 2|Lust Stories S2]] and [[The Trial (Indian TV series)|The Trial]]''
** [[Kalki Koechlin]] – ''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made In Heaven S2]]''
** [[Sushmita Sen]] – ''[[Taali (TV series)|Taali]]''
** Tilottama Shome and [[Amruta Subhash]] – ''Lust Stories 2''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Director of The Year - Series
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Original Film of The Year
|-
| colspan="1" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Hansal Mehta]]''''' – '''''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]'''''
** Abhay Pannu – ''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys S2]]''
** [[Homi Adajania]] – ''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo|Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo]]''
** [[Raj & DK]] – ''[[Farzi]] / [[Guns & Gulaabs|Guns and Gulaabs]]''
** [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] – ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Bawaal]]'''''
** ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
** ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
** ''[[Mission Majnu]]''
** ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Original Series of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Kohrra]]'''''
* '''''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo|Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo]]'''''
** ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
** ''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]''
** ''[[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|The Night Manager Season 1 and 2]]''
|-
! style="background:#FFAA00;" colspan=2| Technical Awards
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Story & Screenplay (Film)
|-
|colspan="2"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Anvita Dutt]] – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]'''''
|-
! colspan="1" valign="top" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Story & Screenplay (Series)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Music (Series and Feature Film)
|-
|valign="top"|
* '''Abhay Pannu – ''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys S2]]'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=Rocket Boys team Jim Sarbh, Saba Azad, Nikkhil Advani, Abhay Pannu talks about Emmy honour and censorship: "The biggest success for us was that none of us ever thought that it would work" |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-rocket-boys-team-jim-sarbh-saba-azad-nikkhil-advani-abhay-pannu-talks-emmy-honour-censorship-biggest-success-us-none-us-ever-thought/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030190657/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-rocket-boys-team-jim-sarbh-saba-azad-nikkhil-advani-abhay-pannu-talks-emmy-honour-censorship-biggest-success-us-none-us-ever-thought/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|valign="top"|
* '''[[Amit Trivedi]] – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]] and [[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]'''''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Adapted / Non-Original OTT Work
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Ensemble Cast (Series)
|-
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]'''
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made In Heaven S2]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Mould-Breaking Actor Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" |
* '''''Tilottama Shome and [[Amruta Subhash]]''''' – '''''[[Lust Stories 2#The Mirror|The Mirror]] in [[Lust Stories 2]]'''''
** [[Huma Qureshi]] — ''[[Tarla]]''
** [[Janhvi Kapoor]] – ''[[Bawaal]]''
** [[Sanya Malhotra]] – ''[[Kathal (film)|Kathal]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Manasvi |title=रेड कार्पेटवर अवतरल्या बॉलिवूडच्या अप्सरा |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/ampstories/web-stories/ott-india-fest-2023-fashion-mumbai-janhvi-kapoor-shriya-saran-sushmita-sen-present-event-msc01 |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref>
** [[Shefali Shah]] – ''[[Delhi Crime|Delhi Crime 2]] and [[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Best Breakthrough Performer - Series
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Aparshakti Khurana]]''''' – '''''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]'''''
* '''''[[Radhika Madan]] – [[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo]]'''''
** [[Barun Sobti]] — ''[[Kohrra]]''
** [[Bhuvan Arora]] – ''[[Farzi]]''
** [[Gulshan Devaiah]] – ''[[Guns & Gulaabs|Guns and Gulaabs]]''
** [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] – ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Best Non-Fiction Series - Originals
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Fabulous Lives of Bollywood Wives]] S2'''''
** ''[[Cinema Marte Dum Tak]]''
** ''Moving In With Malaika''
** ''[[The Hunt for Veerappan]]''
** ''[[The Romantics (series)|The Romantics]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Charismatic Performer Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" |
* '''''[[Triptii Dimri]]''''' – '''''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]'''''
** [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] — ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
** [[Kajol]] – ''[[Lust Stories 2|Lust Stories S2]] and [[The Trial (Indian TV series)|The Trial]]''
** [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] – ''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made in Heaven S2]] / [[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|The Night Manager S1 & 2]]''
** [[Sushmita Sen]] – ''[[Taali (TV series)|Taali]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Game Changing Actor Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Sobhita Dhulipala]]''''' – '''''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made in Heaven S2]] / [[The Night Manager (Indian TV series)|The Night Manager S1 & S2]]'''''
** [[Madhuri Dixit]] — ''[[Maja Ma]]''
** [[Sushmita Sen]] – ''[[Taali (TV series)|Taali]]''
** [[Triptii Dimri]] – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
** [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] – ''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;"|Iconic Creator Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Karan Johar]]''''' – '''''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]], [[Fabulous Lives of Bollywood Wives]] S2, [[Govinda Naam Mera]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Most Powerful OTT Debut Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Sidhant Gupta]]''''' – '''''[[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Bankable Star Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Vijay Varma]]''''' – '''''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]], [[Kaalkoot]], [[Dahaad]], [[Lust Stories 2]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Inspirational Icon Of India Showbiz
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Jaideep Ahlawat]]''''' – '''''Action Hero'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Power Packed Performer Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Jim Sarbh]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Glam Showbiz Diva Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Malaika Arora]] – [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series)|India's Best Dancer]] and Moving in With Malaika'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaika Arora and Tamannaah's fashion picks spark online controversy |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/10/21/tamannaah-bhatia-malika-arora-ott-india-fest-outfits-controversy.html |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Iconic Performer Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Aditi Rao Hydari]] – [[Jubilee (TV series)|Jubilee]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Sensational Artist Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''Chitrandgda Singh – Gaslight'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Magnificent Artist Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] – [[Haddi]], [[Afwaah]], [[Jogira Sara Ra Ra]], [[Tiku Weds Sheru]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Musical Sensation Of Indian Showbiz
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Amaal Mallik]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Most Promising OTT Debut Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Manish Paul|Maniesh Paul]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Most Dazzling Performer (Films / OTT)
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Kritika Kamra]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Most-Loved Couple Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Ali Fazal]] & [[Richa Chadha]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Most Vivacious Musical Duo
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Sukriti Kakar]]-[[Prakriti Kakar]] – [[Jhoome Jo Pathaan]], Kar Gayi Chull, Dil Ka Darji, and Hawaa Hawaa'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Comic Whizz Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Sumukhi Suresh]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Trailblazing Artist Of The Year
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Varun Sharma]]'''''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Bollywood Hungama Style Icons]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungama OTT is also available under bundled plan on Tata Play Binge |url=https://www.tataplaybinge.com/partner/hungama/6 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== External links ==

* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Award ceremonies in India]]
[[Category:Indian OTT Awards]]

Anil Sharma (Himachal Pradesh politician)

2026-04-07T14:07:27Z

BSHindia: put up new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Anil Sharma
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|06|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kullu]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| office = [[Jai Ram Thakur ministry|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Himachal Pradesh]]
| term_start = 27 December 2017
| term_end = 12 April 2019
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Acharya Devvrat]] [[Kalraj Mishra]] [[Bandaru Dattatreya]] [[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Jai Ram Thakur]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Jai Ram Thakur ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = * Power & Non Conventional Energy
* Multi Purpose Projects
| office2 = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Mandi Assembly constituency|Mandi]]
| term_start2 = 31 December 2007
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Sukh Ram]]
| successor2 =
| term_start3 = 11 September 1993
| term_end3 = 28 February 1998
| predecessor3 = Kanhaiya Lal
| successor3 = [[Sukh Ram]]
| constituency3 = [[Mandi Assembly constituency|Mandi]]
| office4 = [[Indian Parliament|Member of Parliament]] In [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 3 April 1998
| term_end4 = 2 April 2004
| predecessor4 = Maheshwar Singh
| successor4 = [[Anand Sharma]]
| constituency4 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] [[Himachal Vikas Congress]]
| spouse = Sunita Sharma
| children = 2 (including [[Aayush Sharma]])
| father = [[Sukh Ram|Pandit Sukh Ram]]
| education = B.Sc. (Dairy Technology)
| alma_mater =
| profession = {{hlist|[[Agriculturist]]|[[Politician]]|[[Businessperson]]}}
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Anil Sharma''' (born 30 June 1956) is an Indian politician, agriculturist and businessman from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. He was elected to the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]], [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]], and [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] and as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]].<ref>[http://myneta.info/HimachalPradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3289 My Neta]</ref><ref>[https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/24 Member's Profile]</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/anil-sharma-quits-bjp-cabinet-in-himachal-pradesh/story-C5YNvjFcvUwAjLTsdN8x6J.html Anil Sharma quits BJP cabinet in Himachal Pradesh]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-anil-sharma-campaign-against-son-himachal-pradesh-mandi-1490864-2019-03-31 BJP's Anil Sharma told to campaign against son in Himachal Pradesh's Mandi]</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hp-minister-anil-sharma-resigns-from-cabinet/article26824962.ece H.P. Minister Anil Sharma resigns from Cabinet]</ref> He is also the father of actor [[Aayush Sharma]] and son of [[Sukh Ram|Pandit Sukh Ram]].

== Early life and family ==
Born on 30 June 1956, in Sultanpur, Kullu, Anil Sharma is the son of Ram Devi and [[Sukh Ram]], a former Union and State Government Minister. He completed his education in B.A. and B.Sc. (Dairy & Technology) at institutions in Shimla, Chandigarh, and Allahabad Agriculture Institute.

Anil Sharma is married to Sunita Sharma, and the couple has two sons. He is actively involved in agriculture, horticulture, and business.

== Political journey ==
Anil Sharma's political journey has been marked by significant contributions. He served as a Member of the Rajya Sabha from 1998 to 2004 as an HVC nominee. During this tenure, he was a member of various committees, including the Railway Convention Committee and Committees related to Food, Civil Supplies, Public Distribution, Communication, and Information Technology.

He was elected to the State Legislative Assembly multiple times - in November 1993, December 2007, 2012 as an Indian National Congress nominee, and in 2017 as a BJP candidate.

== Ministerial roles ==
Throughout his political career, Anil Sharma held various ministerial positions, including Minister of State for Youth Services, Sports, and Forest from 1993 to 1996. He also served as the Chief Whip of the Congress Legislature Party from 2008 to 2012 and as the General Secretary of the Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee from March 2008 to 2012.

In 2012, Anil Sharma took on the role of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj Minister, and from 2017 to 2019, he served as the Minister of Multi-Purpose Projects, Power, and Non-Conventional Energy Sources in the Jai Ram Thakur cabinet.

== Political achievements ==
Elected to the State Legislative Assembly for the fifth term in December 2022, Anil Sharma was nominated as the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee and a Member of the General Development & Ethics Committees.

== Personal life ==
Anil Sharma comes from a prominent political family, being the son of [[Sukh Ram]], former [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Minister of Communications and Information Technology]] from 1993 to 1996. His son Aashray Sharma was given ticket from [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi Lok Sabha seat]]. His other son [[Aayush Sharma]] is married to [[Salman Khan]]'s sister Arpita.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anil}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Mandi, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Himachal Vikas Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]

2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-04-05T12:40:11Z

BSHindia:

{{short description|2024 assembly elections in Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{For|Lok Sabha elections|2024 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Use India English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_year = 2019
| previous_election = 2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| election_date = 19 April 2024
| next_year = 2029
| next_election = Next Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| majority_seats = 31
| turnout = 82.95% ({{increase}}0.78 [[percentage point|pp]]){{efn|does not include postal ballots}}
| seats_for_election = 50 out of 60 seats in the [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]{{efn|name=AP|10 [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] were elected unopposed.}}
| outgoing_members = 10th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| elected_members = 11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| opinion_polls = 
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Pema Khandu in December 2023.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oTop=5|oLeft=10}}
| leader1 = [[Pema Khandu]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leaders_seat1 = [[Mukto Assembly constituency|Mukto]] (Won)
| leader_since1 = 2016
| last_election1 = 50.86%, 41 seats
| seats1 = '''46'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}5
| percentage1 = '''54.57%'''
| popular_vote1 = '''3,32,773'''
| swing1 = {{increase}}3.71 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oTop=2|oLeft=10}}
| leader2 = [[Thangwang Wangham]]
| party2 = National People's Party (India)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Longding–Pumao Assembly constituency|Longding–Pumao]]
| leader_since2 = 2023
| last_election2 = 14.55%, 5 seats
| seats2 = 5
| seat_change2 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote2 = 98,254
| percentage2 = 16.11%
| swing2 = {{increase}}1.56 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Clock.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader3 = [[Likha Saaya]]
| party3 = Nationalist Congress Party
| leaders_seat3 = ''Did not contest''
| leader_since3 = 2024
| popular_vote3 = 63,630
| last_election3 = ''New''
| seats3 = 3
| seat_change3 = {{increase}}3
| percentage3 = 10.43%
| swing3 = {{increase}}10.43 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg
| leader4 = Kahfa Bengia
| party4 = People's Party of Arunachal
| leaders_seat4 = [[Koloriang Assembly constituency|Koloriang]] (Lost)
| popular_vote4 = 44,176
| leader_since4 = 2019
| last_election4 = 1.71%, 1 seat
| seats4 = 2
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}1
| percentage4 = 7.24%
| swing4 = {{increase}}5.53 [[percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = [[File:2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election Result Map.svg|400px]]
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Nabam Tuki.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oTop=8|oLeft=10}}
| leader5 = [[Nabam Tuki]]
| party5 = Indian National Congress
| leaders_seat5 = ''Did not contest''
| leader_since5 = 2011
| last_election5 = 16.85%, 4 seats
| seats5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}}3
| percentage5 = 5.56%
| popular_vote5 = 33,877
| swing5 = {{decrease}}11.29 [[percentage point|pp]]
| map2_image = India Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2024.svg
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] after the election
| map2_size = 300px
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Pema Khandu]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| posttitle = [[List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]] after election
| after_election = [[Pema Khandu]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

'''Legislative Assembly elections''' were held in [[Elections in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]] on [[2024 elections in India|19 April 2024]] to elect the [[List of constituencies of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|60 members]] of the [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly]]. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 2 June 2024 the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] has won the election massively with 46 out of 60 seats and [[Pema Khandu]] sworn in as Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh for the third time.

== Background ==
The tenure of [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] was scheduled to end on 2 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terms of the Houses |url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref> The [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly elections]] were held in April 2019. After the election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] formed the [[Government of Arunachal Pradesh|state government]], with [[Pema Khandu]] becoming the [[List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parashar |first=Utpal |date=29 May 2019 |title=Pema Khandu takes oath as Arunachal Pradesh CM for second time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pema-khandu-takes-oath-as-arunachal-pradesh-cm-for-second-time/story-arbELnn03xVVRiZIDVeVNN.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=[[The Hindustan Times]] | language=en |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502210253/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pema-khandu-takes-oath-as-arunachal-pradesh-cm-for-second-time/story-arbELnn03xVVRiZIDVeVNN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Schedule ==
The schedule of the election was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 16 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shobhit |date=2024-03-16 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Polls to be held on April 19: Complete schedule |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-polls-to-be-held-on-april-19-complete-schedule-101710582202563.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405110324/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-polls-to-be-held-on-april-19-complete-schedule-101710582202563.html |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=[[The Hindustan Times]] | language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Poll event
! Schedule
|-
| Notification date
| 20 March 2024
|-
| Last date for filing nomination
| 27 March 2024
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination
| 28 March 2024
|-
| Last date for withdrawal of nomination
| 30 March 2024
|-
| '''Date of poll'''
| '''19 April 2024'''
|-
| '''Date of Counting of Votes'''
| '''2 June 2024'''
|}

==Parties and alliances==

{| class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center;
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:BJP election symbol.png|50px]]
| [[Pema Khandu]]
| 60
|-
| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[File:NPP Flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|50px]]
| [[Thangwang Wangham]]
| 20
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[File:INC Flag Official.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| [[Nabam Tuki]]
| 19
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| [[File:Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Clock symbol of NCP.png|50px]]
| [[Likha Saaya]]
| 15
|-
| {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
|
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg|50px]]
| Kahfa Bengia<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Yuvraj |date=2024-04-14 |title=Arunachal: President of People's Party Kahfa Bengia withdraws candidature from assembly elections |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/arunachal-assembly-election/story/arunachal-president-of-peoples-party-kahfa-bengia-withdraws-candidature-from-assembly-elections-980009-2024-04-14 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=India Today NE |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522102327/https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/arunachal-assembly-election/story/arunachal-president-of-peoples-party-kahfa-bengia-withdraws-candidature-from-assembly-elections-980009-2024-04-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 11
|}

==Candidates==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="line-height:20px;text-align:left;"
! rowspan="2" | District
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Constituency
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
| colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|
| colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|National People's Party (India)}}|
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="BJP Candidates List Arunachal 2024">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-releases-list-of-candidates-on-all-60-seats-in-arunachal-pradesh-cm-khandu-to-contest-from-mukto/articleshow/108462554.cms|title=BJP releases list of candidates on all 60 seats in Arunachal Pradesh|work=Times of India|date=13 March 2024|accessdate=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313100439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-releases-list-of-candidates-on-all-60-seats-in-arunachal-pradesh-cm-khandu-to-contest-from-mukto/articleshow/108462554.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=List of contesting candidates |url=https://ceoarunachal.nic.in/componenthelper/getcomponentfile/19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416032542/https://ceoarunachal.nic.in/componenthelper/getcomponentfile/19 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |website=CEO Arunachal Pradesh}}</ref>
! colspan="3" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref name=":0" />
! colspan="3" | [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Tawang district|Tawang]]
! 1
| [[Lumla Assembly constituency|Lumla]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Tsering Lhamu]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Jampa Thirnly Kunkhap
! colspan="3" |
|-
! 2
| [[Tawang Assembly constituency|Tawang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Tsering Dorjee
! colspan="3" Rowspan=6 |
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Namgey Tsering
|-
! 3
| [[Mukto Assembly constituency|Mukto]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Pema Khandu]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[West Kameng district|West Kameng]]
! 4
| [[Dirang Assembly constituency|Dirang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Phurpa Tsering]]
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Yeshi Tsewang
|-
! 5
| [[Kalaktang Assembly constituency|Kalaktang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Tseten Chombay Kee
! colspan="3" Rowspan=6 |
|-
! 6
| [[Thrizino-Buragaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Thrizino-Buragaon]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Kumsi Sidisow]]
|-
! 7
| [[Bomdila Assembly constituency|Bomdila]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Dongru Siongju]]
|-
| [[Bichom district|Bichom]]
! 8
| [[Bameng Assembly constituency|Bameng]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Doba Lamnio
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kumar Wali
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]
! 9
| [[Chayangtajo Assembly constituency|Chayangtajo]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Hayeng Mangfi
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kompu Dolo
|-
! 10
| [[Seppa East Assembly constituency|Seppa East]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Eallimg Talang
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tame Gyadi
|-
! 11
| [[Seppa West Assembly constituency|Seppa West]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Mama Natung]]
! colspan="3" |
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[Tani Loffa]]
|-
| [[Pakke-Kessang district|Pakke-Kessang]]
! 12
| [[Pakke-Kessang Assembly constituency|Pakke-Kessang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Biyuram Wahge]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Gollo Yapang Tana
! colspan="3" rowspan="6" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Papum Pare district|Papum Pare]]
! 13
| [[Itanagar Assembly constituency|Itanagar]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Techi Kaso]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
! 14
| [[Doimukh Assembly constituency|Doimukh]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Tana Hali Tara]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Nabam Tado
|-
! 15
| [[Sagalee Assembly constituency|Sagalee]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Ratu Techi]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
|-
| [[Keyi Panyor district|Keyi Panyor]]
! 16
| [[Yachuli Assembly constituency|Yachuli]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Taba Tedir]]
|-
| [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri]]
! 17
| [[Ziro-Hapoli Assembly constituency|Ziro-Hapoli]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Hage Appa]]
|-
| [[Kra Daadi district|Kra-Daadi]]
! 18
| [[Palin Assembly constituency|Palin]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Balo Raja]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tarh Johny
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Mayu Taring
|-
| [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]]
! 19
| [[Nyapin Assembly constituency|Nyapin]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Tai Nikio
! colspan="3" Rowspan=3 |
! colspan="3" Rowspan=5 |
|-
| [[Kra Daadi district|Kra-Daadi]]
! 20
| [[Tali Assembly constituency|Tali]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Jikke Tako
|-
| [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]]
! 21
| [[Koloriang Assembly constituency|Koloriang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Pani Taram]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]]
! 22
| [[Nacho Assembly constituency|Nacho]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Nakap Nalo]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tanga Byaling
|-
! 23
| [[Taliha Assembly constituency|Taliha]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Nyato Rigia
! colspan="3" |
|-
! 24
| [[Daporijo Assembly constituency|Daporijo]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Taniya Soki
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Reri Kirbe Dulom
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[Dikto Yekar]]
|-
| [[Kamle district|Kamle]]
! 25
| [[Raga Assembly constituency|Raga]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Rotom Tebin
! colspan="3" rowspan="7" |
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Ajay Murtem
|-
| [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]]
! 26
| [[Dumporijo Assembly constituency|Dumporijo]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Rode Bui
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Tabe Doni
|-
| [[West Siang district|West Siang]]
! 27
| [[Liromoba Assembly constituency|Liromoba]]
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[Pesi Jilen]]
|-
| [[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]]
! 28
| [[Likabali Assembly constituency|Likabali]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Kardo Nyigyor]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
| [[Lepa Rada district|Lepa Rada]]
! 29
| [[Basar Assembly constituency|Basar]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Nyabi Jini Dirchi
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Gokar Basar
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[West Siang district|West Siang]]
! 30
| [[Along West Assembly constituency|Along West]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Topin Ete
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Nyamo Ete
|-
! 31
| [[Along East Assembly constituency|Along East]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Kento Jini
! colspan="3" |
|-
| [[Siang district]]
! 32
| [[Rumgong Assembly constituency|Rumgong]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Talem Taboh
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Taling Yaying
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Taja Bonung
|-
| [[Shi Yomi district|Shi Yomi]]
! 33
| [[Mechuka Assembly constituency|Mechuka]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Pasang Dorjee Sona]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
| [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
! 34
| [[Tuting-Yingkiong Assembly constituency|Tuting-Yingkiong]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Alo Libang]]
|-
| [[Siang district]]
! 35
| [[Pangin Assembly constituency|Pangin]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ojing Tasing
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Takku Jerang
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Tamo Taggu
|-
| [[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]]
! 36
| [[Nari-Koyu Assembly constituency|Nari-Koyu]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Tojir Kadu
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[East Siang district|East Siang]]
! 37
| [[Pasighat West Assembly constituency|Pasighat West]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Ninong Ering]]
|-
! 38
| [[Pasighat East Assembly constituency|Pasighat East]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Kaling Moyong]]
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Tapi Darang
|-
! 39
| [[Mebo Assembly constituency|Mebo]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Lombo Tayeng]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |
|-
| [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
! 40
| [[Mariyang-Geku Assembly constituency|Mariyang-Geku]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Olom Panyang]]
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Oni Panyang
|-
| [[Dibang Valley district|Dibang Valley]]
! 41
| [[Anini Assembly constituency|Anini]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Mopi Mihu]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]]
! 42
| [[Dambuk Assembly constituency|Dambuk]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Puinnyo Apum]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tobing Lego
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! 43
| [[Roing Assembly constituency|Roing]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Mutchu Mithi]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
| [[Lohit district|Lohit]]
! 44
| [[Tezu Assembly constituency|Tezu]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Mahesh Chai]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Jermai Krong
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[Karikho Kri]]
|-
| [[Anjaw district|Anjaw]]
! 45
| [[Hayuliang Assembly constituency|Hayuliang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Dasanglu Pul]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="7" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Namsai district|Namsai]]
! 46
| [[Chowkham Assembly constituency|Chowkham]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Chowna Mein]]
|-
! 47
| [[Namsai Assembly constituency|Namsai]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Chau Zingnu Namchoom]]
|-
! 48
| [[Lekang Assembly constituency|Lekang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sujana Namchoom
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tana Tamar Tara
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Changlang district|Changlang]]
! 49
| [[Bordumsa-Diyun Assembly constituency|Bordumsa-Diyun]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Somlung Mossang]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
! 50
| [[Miao Assembly constituency|Miao]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Kamlung Mossang|Kamlung Mosang]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Chatu Longri
|-
! 51
| [[Nampong Assembly constituency|Nampong]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Izmir Tikhak
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Khimshom Mossang
|-
! 52
| [[Changlang South Assembly constituency|Changlang South]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Hamjong Tangha]]
! colspan="3" |
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Timpu Ngemu
|-
! 53
| [[Changlang North Assembly constituency|Changlang North]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Tesam Pongte]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Marina Kenglang
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Dihom Kitnya
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Tirap district|Tirap]]
! 54
| [[Namsang Assembly constituency|Namsang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Wangki Lowang]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |
|-
! 55
| [[Khonsa East Assembly constituency|Khonsa East]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Kamrang Tesia
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Nokju Wanghop
|-
! 56
| [[Khonsa West Assembly constituency|Khonsa West]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Chakat Aboh]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tangse Tekwa
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|-
! 57
| [[Borduria–Bagapani Assembly constituency|Borduria-Bogapani]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Wanglin Lowangdong]]
! colspan="3" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Longding district|Longding]]
! 58
| [[Kanubari Assembly constituency|Kanubari]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Gabriel Denwang Wangsu]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Sompha Wangsa
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| Panjam Wangsa
|-
! 59
| [[Longding-Pumao Assembly constituency|Longding-Pumao]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Tanpho Wangnaw]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
| {{party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[Thangwang Wangham]]
|-
! 60
| [[Pongchau-Wakka Assembly constituency|Pongchau-Wakka]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Honchun Ngandam]]
! colspan="3" |
|}

==Surveys and polls==
===Exit polls===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px; width:100%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Polling agency
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:#FFFFFF; width:25%;" | BJP !! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:#FFFFFF;" | INC !! Others !! Lead
|-
| Axis My India<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-01 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Exit Polls Results: Axis My India predicts landslide victory for BJP in Arunachal Pradesh assembly elections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arunachal-pradesh-exit-polls-results-axis-my-india-predicts-landslide-victory-for-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-elections/articleshow/110619507.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620145740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arunachal-pradesh-exit-polls-results-axis-my-india-predicts-landslide-victory-for-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-elections/articleshow/110619507.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:#000000|'''44-51'''
| 1-4
| 4-12
|
|}

==Results==
===Results by party===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 332,773
| 54.57%
| {{increase}}3.71
| 60 (10 unopposed)
| 46<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/bjp-secures-10-assembly-seats-in-arunachal-pradesh-aims-for-full-sweep/articleshow/108911771.cms?from=mdr |title=BJP secures 10 Assembly seats in Arunachal Pradesh, aims for full sweep |work=Economic Times |date=31 March 2024 |accessdate=31 March 2024 |last1=Singh |first1=Bikash |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510075118/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/bjp-secures-10-assembly-seats-in-arunachal-pradesh-aims-for-full-sweep/articleshow/108911771.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{increase}}5
|-
| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 98,254
| 16.11%
| {{increase}}1.55
| 20
| 5
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 63,630
| 10.43%
| {{increase}}10.43
| 14
| 3
| {{increase}}3
|-
| {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 44,176
| 7.24%
| {{increase}}5.51
| 11
| 2
| {{increase}}1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 33,877
| 5.56%
| {{decrease}}11.29
| 20
| 1
| {{decrease}}3
|-
| bgcolor={{Party color|Other}}|
| Align="left"|Other parties
| 4,875
| 0.8%
|
| 5
| 0
| {{decrease}}7
|-
| {{Party name with color|Independent politicians}}
| 28,225
| 4.66%
|
| 13
| 3
| {{increase}}1
|-
| {{Party name with color|None of the above (India)}}
| 4,010
| 0.66%
| {{decrease}}0.28
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
!
! 100%
! -
! 143
! 60
! -
|}

===Results by district===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" | District
! rowspan="2" | Seats
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Others}}" |
|-
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! Others
|-
! [[Tawang district|Tawang]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[West Kameng district|West Kameng]]
! 4
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 3
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-
! [[Bichom district|Bichom]]
! 1
| 0
| 0
| style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
|-
! [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Pakke-Kessang district|Pakke-Kessang]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Papum Pare district|Papum Pare]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-
! [[Keyi Panyor district|Keyi Panyor]]
! 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| style="background:{{Party color|Others}}; color:white;" | 1
|-
! [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Kra Daadi district|Kra-Daadi]]
! 2
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]]
! 2
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]]
! 4
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Kamle district|Kamle]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[West Siang district|West Siang]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]]
! 2
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Lepa Rada district|Lepa Rada]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Siang district|Siang]]
! 2
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Shi Yomi district|Shi Yomi]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
! 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[East Siang district|East Siang]]
! 3
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
! [[Dibang Valley district|Dibang Valley]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]]
! 2
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Lohit district|Lohit]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Anjaw district|Anjaw]]
! 1
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! [[Namsai district|Namsai]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-
! [[Changlang district|Changlang]]
! 5
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 3
| 0
| 0
| 2
|-
! [[Tirap district|Tirap]]
! 4
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 3
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-
! [[Longding district|Longding]]
! 3
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
! Total
! 60
! 46
! 5
! 1
! 8
|}

===Results by constituency===
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Result by constituency
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="5" | Winner<ref name="Election Results 2024 Arunachal Pradesh: Full list of winners on all 60 Legislative Assembly seats of Arunachal Pradesh">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=2 June 2024 |title=Election Results 2024 Arunachal Pradesh: Full list of winners on all 60 Legislative Assembly seats of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-arunachal-pradesh-full-list-of-winners-on-all-60-legislative-assembly-seats-of-arunachal-pradesh-9366866/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080201/https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-arunachal-pradesh-full-list-of-winners-on-all-60-legislative-assembly-seats-of-arunachal-pradesh-9366866/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners">{{cite news |last1=India TV News |last2= |first2= |date=2 June 2024 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080244/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP returns to power in Arunachal, wins 46 out of 60 seats">{{cite news |title=BJP returns to power in Arunachal, wins 46 out of 60 seats {{!}} The Arunachal Times |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/06/03/bjp-returns-to-power-in-arunachal-wins-46-out-of-60-seats/ |access-date=17 May 2025 |publisher=The Arunachal Times |date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517092434/https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/06/03/bjp-returns-to-power-in-arunachal-wins-46-out-of-60-seats/ |archive-date=17 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs">{{cite news |date=25 May 2019 |title=Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519173615/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html |archivedate=19 May 2025 |accessdate=19 May 2025 |publisher=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
! colspan="5" | Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number|Margin
|-
! #
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! %
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! %
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Tawang district]]
|-
| 1
| [[Lumla Assembly constituency|Lumla]]
| [[Tsering Lhamu]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,040
| 58.51
| Jampa Thirnly Kunkhap
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 3,509
| 40.74
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,531
|-
| 2
| [[Tawang Assembly constituency|Tawang]]
| [[Namgey Tsering]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 4,667
| 55.6
| [[Tsering Dorjee]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 3,671
| 43.73
| style="background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}} ; color:black;" |996
|-
| 3
| [[Mukto Assembly constituency|Mukto]]
| [[Pema Khandu]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan="13" | [[West Kameng district]]
|-
| 4
| [[Dirang Assembly constituency|Dirang]]
| [[Phurpa Tsering]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,430
| 54.08
| Yeshi Tsewang
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 6,228
| 44.33
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,202
|-
| 5
| [[Kalaktang Assembly constituency|Kalaktang]]
| [[Tseten Chombay Kee]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,030
| 65.03
| Wangdi Dorjee Khrimey
| {{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 3,161
| 35.09
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,869
|-
| 6
| [[Thrizino-Buragaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Thrizino-Buragaon]]
| [[Tenzin Nyima Glow]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 5,593
| 51.36
| [[Kumsi Sidisow]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,193
| 47.69
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |400
|-
| 7
| [[Bomdila Assembly constituency|Bomdila]]
| [[Dongru Siongju]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Bichom district]]
|-
| 8
| [[Bameng Assembly constituency|Bameng]]
| [[Kumar Waii]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 6,554
| 52.36
| Doba Lamnio
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,919
| 47.28
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |635
|-
! colspan="13" | [[East Kameng district]]
|-
| 9
| [[Chayangtajo Assembly constituency|Chayangtajo]]
| [[Hayeng Mangfi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,809
| 80.35
| Kompu Dolo
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 2,124
| 19.37
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |6,685
|-
| 10
| [[Seppa East Assembly constituency|Seppa East]]
| [[Ealing Tallang]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,412
| 79.95
| Tame Gyadi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 1,812
| 19.54
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |5,600
|-
| 11
| [[Seppa West Assembly constituency|Seppa West]]
| [[Mama Natung]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 4,430
| 58.14
| [[Tani Loffa]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 3,181
| 41.75
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,249
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Pakke-Kessang district]]
|-
| 12
| [[Pakke-Kessang Assembly constituency|Pakke-Kessang]]
| [[Biyuram Wahge]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 3,933
| 47.48
| [[Techi Hemu]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 3,120
| 37.66
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |813
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Papum Pare district]]
|-
| 13
| [[Itanagar Assembly constituency|Itanagar]]
| [[Techi Kaso]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
| 14
| [[Doimukh Assembly constituency|Doimukh]]
| [[Nabam Vivek]]
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 11,409
| 54.48
| Tana Hali Tara
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,879
| 42.4
| style="background:{{Party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}; color:white;" | 2,530
|-
| 15
| [[Sagalee Assembly constituency|Sagalee]]
| [[Ratu Techi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Keyi Panyor district]]
|-
| 16
| [[Yachuli Assembly constituency|Yachuli]]
| [[Toko Tatung]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 8,285
| 50.57
| [[Taba Tedir]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,027
| 49.17
| style="background:{{Party color|Nationalist Congress Party }}; color:black;" | 228
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Lower Subansiri district]]
|-
| 17
| [[Ziro-Hapoli Assembly constituency|Ziro-Hapoli]]
| [[Hage Appa]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Kra Daadi district]]
|-
| 18
| [[Palin Assembly constituency|Palin]]
| [[Balo Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 10,029
| 65.19
| Mayu Taring
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 4,989
| 32.43
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |5,040
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Kurung Kumey district]]
|-
| 19
| [[Nyapin Assembly constituency|Nyapin]]
| [[Tai Nikio]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,896
| 54.01
| Tadar Mangku
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 6,714
| 45.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,182
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Kra Daadi district]]
|-
| 20
| [[Tali Assembly constituency|Tali]]
| [[Jikke Tako]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Kurung Kumey district]]
|-
| 21
| [[Koloriang Assembly constituency|Koloriang]]
| [[Pani Taram]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 11,594
| 90.53
| Kahfa Bengia
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 1,044
| 8.15
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |10,550
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Upper Subansiri district]]
|-
| 22
| [[Nacho Assembly constituency|Nacho]]
| [[Nakap Nalo]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,415
| 57.08
| Tanga Byaling
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 4,042
| 42.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,373
|-
| 23
| [[Taliha Assembly constituency|Taliha]]
| [[Nyato Rigia]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
| 24
| [[Daporijo Assembly constituency|Daporijo]]
| [[Taniya Soki]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,671
| 49.7
| Dikto Yekar
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 6,443
| 48
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |228
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Kamle district]]
|-
| 25
| [[Raga Assembly constituency|Raga]]
| [[Rotom Tebin]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,791
| 59.91
| Ajay Murtem
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 5,857
| 39.91
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,934
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Upper Subansiri district]]
|-
| 26
| [[Dumporijo Assembly constituency|Dumporijo]]
| [[Rode Bui]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,400
| 57.01
| Tabe Doni
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 4,809
| 42.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,591
|-
! colspan="13" | [[West Siang district]]
|-
| 27
| [[Liromoba Assembly constituency|Liromoba]]
| [[Pesi Jilen]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 7,206
| 56.55
| [[Nyamar Karbak]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,508
| 43.22
| style="background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}} ; color:black;" |1,698
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Lower Siang district]]
|-
| 28
| [[Likabali Assembly constituency|Likabali]]
| [[Kardo Nyigyor]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,607
| 62
| Moli Riba
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 4,002
| 37.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,605
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Lepa Rada district]]
|-
| 29
| [[Basar Assembly constituency|Basar]]
| [[Nyabi Jini Dirchi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 9,174
| 55.26
| Gokar Basar
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 7,383
| 44.47
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,791
|-
! colspan="13" | [[West Siang district]]
|-
| 30
| [[Along West Assembly constituency|Along West]]
| [[Topin Ete]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,629
| 57.1
| Nyamo Ete
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 5,678
| 42.5
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,951
|-
| 31
| [[Along East Assembly constituency|Along East]]
| [[Kento Jini]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,380
| 63.39
| Jarkar Gamlin
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 4,222
| 36.27
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,158
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Siang district]]
|-
| 32
| [[Rumgong Assembly constituency|Rumgong]]
| [[Talem Taboh]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,862
| 52.48
| Taja Bonung
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 4,680
| 41.89
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,182
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Shi Yomi district]]
|-
| 33
| [[Mechuka Assembly constituency|Mechuka]]
| [[Pasang Dorjee Sona]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,320
| 62.42
| Aju Chije
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 3,762
| 37.16
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,558
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
|-
| 34
| [[Tuting-Yingkiong Assembly constituency|Tuting-Yingkiong]]
| [[Alo Libang]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,095
| 53.76
| Nobeng Burung
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 5,180
| 45.69
| style="background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" | 915
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Siang district]]
|-
| 35
| [[Pangin Assembly constituency|Pangin]]
| [[Ojing Tasing]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,500
| 58.53
| Tapang Taloh
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 4,906
| 38.16
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,594
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Lower Siang district]]
|-
| 36
| [[Nari-Koyu Assembly constituency|Nari-Koyu]]
| [[Tojir Kadu]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 4,545
| 60.59
| [[Gegong Apang]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 2,896
| 38.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,649
|-
! colspan="13" | [[East Siang district]]
|-
| 37
| [[Pasighat West Assembly constituency|Pasighat West]]
| [[Ninong Ering]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,049
| 59.5
| Tapyam Pada
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 5,178
| 38.28
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,871
|-
| 38
| [[Pasighat East Assembly constituency|Pasighat East]]
| [[Tapi Darang]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 9,070
| 50.4
| [[Kaling Moyong]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,749
| 48.62
| style="background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}} ; color:black;" |321
|-
| 39
| [[Mebo Assembly constituency|Mebo]]
| [[Oken Tayeng]]
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 6,287
| 53.77
| [[Lombo Tayeng]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,270
| 45.07
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal }} ; color:white;" |1,017
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Upper Siang district]]
|-
| 40
| [[Mariyang-Geku Assembly constituency|Mariyang-Geku]]
| [[Oni Panyang]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 6,115
| 52.78
| Olom Panyang
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,442
| 46.97
| style="background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}} ; color:black;" |673
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Dibang Valley district]]
|-
| 41
| [[Anini Assembly constituency|Anini]]
| [[Mopi Mihu]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 2,711
| 63.62
| Eri Tayu
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 1,538
| 36.09
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,173
|-
! colspan="13" | [[Lower Dibang Valley district]]
|-
| 42
| [[Dambuk Assembly constituency|Dambuk]]
| [[Puinnyo Apum]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,009
| 49.17
| Raju Tayeng
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| 5,787
| 47.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |222
|-
| 43
| [[Roing Assembly constituency|Roing]]
| [[Mutchu Mithi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Lohit district]]
|-
| 44
| [[Tezu Assembly constituency|Tezu]]
| [[Mahesh Chai]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 8,535
| 51.7
| [[Karikho Kri]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 5,730
| 34.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,805
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Anjaw district]]
|-
| 45
| [[Hayuliang Assembly constituency|Hayuliang]]
| [[Dasanglu Pul]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Namsai district]]
|-
| 46
| [[Chowkham Assembly constituency|Chowkham]]
| [[Chowna Mein]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="8" | Elected unopposed
|-
| 47
| [[Namsai Assembly constituency|Namsai]]
| [[Zingnu Namchoom]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 14,540
| 68.88
| [[Likha Saaya]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 5,984
| 28.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |8,556
|-
| 48
| [[Lekang Assembly constituency|Lekang]]
| [[Likha Soni]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 7,804
| 45.28
| Chow Sujana Namchoom
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 7,150
| 41.49
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party }} ; color:black;" |654
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Changlang district]]
|-
| 49
| [[Bordumsa-Diyun Assembly constituency|Bordumsa-Diyun]]
| [[Nikh Kamin]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 10,497
| 51.04
| [[Somlung Mossang]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 9,145
| 44.46
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party }} ; color:black;" |1,352
|-
| 50
| [[Miao Assembly constituency|Miao]]
| [[Kamlung Mossang]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 11,021
| 57.62
| Chatu Longri
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 7,894
| 41.27
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,127
|-
| 51
| [[Nampong Assembly constituency|Nampong]]
| [[Laisam Simai]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 3,180
| 36.06
| Izmir Tikhak
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 3,112
| 35.29
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}} ; color:black;" |68
|-
| 52
| [[Changlang South Assembly constituency|Changlang South]]
| [[Hamjong Tangha|Hamjongh Tangha]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 3,654
| 61.84
| Timpu Ngemu
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 2,172
| 36.76
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,482
|-
| 53
| [[Changlang North Assembly constituency|Changlang North]]
| [[Tesam Pongte]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 4,524
| 51.81
| Dihom Kitnya
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 2,522
| 28.88
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,002
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Tirap district]]
|-
| 54
| [[Namsang Assembly constituency|Namsang]]
| [[Wangki Lowang]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 3,781
| 49.65
| Ngonglin Boi
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 3,725
| 48.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |56
|-
| 55
| [[Khonsa East Assembly constituency|Khonsa East]]
| [[Wanglam Sawin]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 4,544
| 55.82
| Kamrang Tesia
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 2,328
| 28.6
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}} ; color:black;" |2,216
|-
| 56
| [[Khonsa West Assembly constituency|Khonsa West]]
| [[Chakat Aboh]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 4,093
| 40.08
| Yang Sen Matey
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 4,289
| 32.2
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |804
|-
| 57
| [[Borduria–Bagapani Assembly constituency|Borduria-Bogapani]]
| [[Wanglin Lowangdong|Wangling Lowangdong]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 4,731
| 57.19
| Jowang Hosai
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
| 3,279
| 39.63
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,452
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Longding district]]
|-
| 58
| [[Kanubari Assembly constituency|Kanubari]]
| [[Gabriel Denwang Wangsu]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 5,584
| 47.1
| Panjam Wangsa
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 3,525
| 29.73
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,059
|-
| 59
| [[Longding-Pumao Assembly constituency|Longding-Pumao]]
| [[Thangwang Wangham]]
| {{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| 6,702
| 50.45
| [[Tanpho Wangnaw]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,533
| 49.18
| style="background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}} ; color:black;" |169
|-
| 60
| [[Pongchau-Wakka Assembly constituency|Pongchau-Wakka]]
| [[Honchun Ngandam]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 9,623
| 65.44
| Holai Wangsa
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 4,961
| 33.73
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,662
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Arunachal Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:2024 State Assembly elections in India|Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2020s in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:April 2024 in India|Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]

Kiara Advani

2026-03-26T18:26:35Z

BSHindia:

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1991)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kiara Advani
| image = Kiara Advani snapped at the screening of Shershaah (cropped).jpg
| caption = Advani in 2021
| birth_name = Alia Advani
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1991|07|31}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater = [[Jai Hind College]], [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2014–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Sidharth Malhotra]]|2023}}
| children = 1
| relatives =
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kiara Advani|Full list]]
}}

'''Kiara Advani''' (born '''Alia Advani'''; 31 July 1991), ({{IPA|hi|kɪˈjɑːɾɑ əɖˈʋɑːniː}}), is an Indian actress who works primarily in [[Hindi]] films. One of the highest-paid actresses in [[India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/kiara-advanis-fee-for-toxic-will-blow-your-mind-joins-league-of-highest-paid-actress/507457/|title=Kiara Advani's Fee For Toxic Will Blow Your Mind — Joins League Of Highest-Paid Actress|website=News24|access-date= 21 March 2025}}</ref> Advani is a recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Kiara Advani|several accolades]] including an [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]] and two [[Zee Cine Awards]], alongside nominations for two [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/toxic-kiara-advani-is-the-highest-paid-actress-in-yash-starrer-guess-her-paycheck-1378425%3famp|title=With Yash's Toxic, Kiara Advani becomes the highest-paid actress; guess her paycheck|website=Pinkvilla|access-date= 20 March 2025}}</ref>

Following a brief career in teaching, Advani made her acting debut with the unremarkable comedy film ''[[Fugly (film)|Fugly]]'' (2014). Two years later, she starred as [[MS Dhoni]]'s wife in the commercially successful sports biopic ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016). She gained critical appreciation for playing a sexually unsatisfied wife in the [[Netflix]] anthology film ''[[Lust Stories]]'' (2018) and played the leading lady in the political thriller ''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' (2018), which was followed by a brief setback.

The romantic drama ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' (2019) marked a turning point in her career, and she gained further success with the comedy drama ''[[Good Newwz]]'', two of the highest-grossing Hindi films of 2019. She won the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for the latter. She rose to prominence with commercially successful 2022 films—the horror comedy ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' and the family drama ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''. Advani received critical praise for playing [[Vikram Batra]]'s girlfriend in the war film ''[[Shershaah]]'' (2021) and a troubled married woman in the romantic drama ''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'' (2023), receiving nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for both these films. This success was followed by two poorly-received films.

In addition to her acting career, she is the celebrity endorser for several brands and products. Advani is married to actor [[Sidharth Malhotra]], with whom she has a daughter, Saraayah.<ref name="Sidharth Malhotra and Kiara Advani name their daughter Saraayah Malhotra">{{cite news |title=Sidharth Malhotra and Kiara Advani name their daughter Saraayah Malhotra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sidharth-malhotra-and-kiara-advani-name-their-daughter-saraayah-malhotra/article70334196.ece |access-date=29 November 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=28 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251129181504/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sidharth-malhotra-and-kiara-advani-name-their-daughter-saraayah-malhotra/article70334196.ece |archive-date=29 November 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Advani was born 31 July 1991,<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiara Advani's post for her 25th birthday in 2016 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BIhrJguB4Cy/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |date=31 July 2016 |website=Instagram |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006133250/https://www.instagram.com/p/BIhrJguB4Cy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kiara Advani's post for her 24th birthday in 2015 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/5zs-wvNeTe/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |date=31 July 2015 |website=Instagram |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006133248/https://www.instagram.com/p/5zs-wvNeTe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> to Jagdeep Advani, a [[Sindhi Hindu]] businessman and Genevieve Jaffrey, a teacher whose father was originally from [[Lucknow]] and whose mother was of [[Scottish people|Scottish]], [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], and [[Spaniards|Spanish]] ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/kiara-advanis-unknown-facts-278834.html |title=Kiara Advani's Unknown Facts Photos |date=27 September 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=16 June 2019 |archive-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911232054/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/kiara-advanis-unknown-facts-278834.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Agrawal |first1=Stuti |title=Having a film background can only get you to meet the right people: Kiara Advani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Having-a-film-background-can-only-get-you-to-meet-the-right-people-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/35620583.cms |date=26 May 2014 |website=The Times of India |access-date=1 June 2014 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Having-a-film-background-can-only-get-you-to-meet-the-right-people-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/35620583.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gene Junction: Kiara Alia Advani |url=http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/kiara-alia-advani-bollywood-actress?platform=hootsuite |website=Verve Magazine |access-date=2 February 2016 |date=2 February 2016 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181135/http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/kiara-alia-advani-bollywood-actress?platform=hootsuite |url-status=live }}</ref> She has a younger brother, Mishaal, who is a musician.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2022 |title=Kiara Advani's brother Mishaal Advani releases debut single 'Know My Name' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advanis-brother-mishaal-advani-releases-debut-single-know-my-name/articleshow/95469673.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225064031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advanis-brother-mishaal-advani-releases-debut-single-know-my-name/articleshow/95469673.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She is related to several celebrities through her maternal family. Actors [[Ashok Kumar]] and [[Saeed Jaffrey]] are her step-great-grandfather and great-uncle, respectively.<ref name="toi">{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=5 May 2014 |title=My father saw '3 Idiots' and decided to let me do what I wanted to: Kiara Advani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/My-father-saw-3-Idiots-and-decided-To-let-me-do-what-I-wanted-to-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/34635261.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 May 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029053226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/My-father-saw-3-Idiots-and-decided-To-let-me-do-what-I-wanted-to-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/34635261.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Advani was educated at [[Cathedral and John Connon School]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrity Education: Kiara Advani Studied Mass Communication, Wanted to Become an Actor Since Childhood |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/celebrity-education-kiara-advani-studied-mass-communication-wanted-to-become-actor-since-childhood-6619855.html |work=News18 |date=15 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> She then attended [[Jai Hind College]], [[Mumbai]] where she graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in mass communications.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/educational-qualifications-of-kiara-advani-heres-how-much-she-has-studied/142063/ | title=Educational Qualifications of Kiara Advani: Here's How Much She Has | date=9 August 2022 | access-date=16 October 2022 | archive-date=16 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016190628/https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/educational-qualifications-of-kiara-advani-heres-how-much-she-has-studied/142063/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Born as Alia Advani,<ref name="India Today">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/salman-khan-kiara-advani-alia-advani-alia-bhatt-fugly-195562-2014-06-03 |title=Salman Khan renamed Fugly actress as Kiara Advani |date=3 June 2014 |work=India Today |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181130/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/salman-khan-kiara-advani-alia-advani-alia-bhatt-fugly-195562-2014-06-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> she changed her first name to Kiara prior to the release of her first film, ''[[Fugly (film)|Fugly]]'', in 2014.{{efn|She changed her first name to Kiara prior to the release of her first film.|name=dual}} Her choice of name was inspired by [[Priyanka Chopra]]'s character Kiara in the film ''[[Anjaana Anjaani]]'' (2010). She stated that it was [[Salman Khan]]'s suggestion to change her name, as [[Alia Bhatt]] was already an established actress.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kiara-advani-says-alia-bhatt-is-the-reason-salman-khan-advised-her-to-change-her-name/story-hL1FLevzH15vAQbkE2wBhO.html |title=Kiara Advani says Alia Bhatt is the reason Salman Khan advised her to change her name |date=9 May 2019 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=30 September 2021 |archive-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930111339/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kiara-advani-says-alia-bhatt-is-the-reason-salman-khan-advised-her-to-change-her-name/story-hL1FLevzH15vAQbkE2wBhO.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-on-rejection-love-and-upcoming-films-35103.html |title=Kiara Advani on rejection, love and upcoming films |last=Deshmukh |first=Ashwini |date=23 July 2019 |website=Filmfare |access-date=27 July 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727053712/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-on-rejection-love-and-upcoming-films-35103.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
===Early work and struggle (2014–2019)===
Advani began her acting career with the ensemble comedy film ''[[Fugly (film)|Fugly]]'' (2014) alongside newcomer Mohit Marwah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-have-worked-very-hard-for-Fugly-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/36057850.cms |title=I have worked very hard for Fugly: Kiara Advani |website=The Times of India |last=Soumitra |first=Das |date=4 June 2014 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413024738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-have-worked-very-hard-for-Fugly-Kiara-Advani/articleshow/36057850.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Mehul S Thakkar of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' found her "very striking" and said that she "shows a lot of promise".<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review 'Fugly': Raises disturbing and thought provoking questions |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140613/entertainment-bollywood/article/movie-review-fugly-raises-disturbing-and-though-provoking |work=Deccan Chronicle |author=Mehul S Thakkar |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=15 June 2014 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181127/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140613/entertainment-bollywood/article/movie-review-fugly-raises-disturbing-and-though-provoking |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Fugly'' underperformed at the box office<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-box-office-fugly-gets-a-poor-opening/20140616.htm |title=Box Office: Fugly gets a poor opening |website=Rediff |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200021/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-box-office-fugly-gets-a-poor-opening/20140616.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> but she received a nomination at the [[Screen Awards]] for [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]].<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=Kiara Advani says she felt very low after failure of debut film Fugly: 'Didn't want to go out, meet people' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-says-she-felt-very-low-after-failure-of-debut-film-fugly-didn-t-want-to-go-out-meet-people-101628514970819.html |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060258/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-says-she-felt-very-low-after-failure-of-debut-film-fugly-didn-t-want-to-go-out-meet-people-101628514970819.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani admitted to feeling demotivated after the film's failure as film offers became scarce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kiara-advani-opens-up-on-facing-failure-in-bollywood-says-glad-i-didnt-give-up-2443301.html|title=Kiara Advani Opens Up on Facing Failure in Bollywood, Says 'Glad I Didn't Give Up'|website=News18|access-date= 4 January 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Kiara Advani in promotion of 'M.S. Dhoni (01).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Advani promoting ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story|M.S. Dhoni:The Untold Story]]'' in 2016]]

Two years later, Advani appeared in the sports drama ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016), a biopic of cricketer [[MS Dhoni]] who served as a former captain of [[Indian cricket team]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=28 September 2016 |title=Kiara Advani did screen test for role of MS Dhoni's girlfriend, wife |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-did-screen-test-for-role-of-ms-dhonis-girlfriend-wife-3052425/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200020/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-did-screen-test-for-role-of-ms-dhonis-girlfriend-wife-3052425/ |archive-date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> She had a supporting role opposite [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] (who essayed Dhoni), as the real-life character of his wife, hotel manager Sakshi Rawat.<ref>{{cite web |title=MS Dhoni The Untold Story movie review: Making Dhoni great again! |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-movie-review-biopic-box-office-344118-2016-09-30 |access-date=16 September 2016 |website=India Today}}</ref> ''M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'' was a major commercial success with global revenues of over {{INRConvert|216|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2016 |title=2016: Top 10 Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/2016-with-tnie/2016/dec/27/2016-top-10-highest-grossing-bollywood-movies-100160.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200020/https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/2016-with-tnie/2016/dec/27/2016-top-10-highest-grossing-bollywood-movies-100160.html |archive-date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> She next appeared in [[Abbas–Mustan]]'s action thriller ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/machine-trailer-kiara-advani-mustafa-abbas-mustan-4540266/ |title=Machine trailer: 5 reasons why we did not like Kiara Advani-Mustafa promo. Watch video |date=23 February 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200022/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/machine-trailer-kiara-advani-mustafa-abbas-mustan-4540266/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Critic [[Taran Adarsh]] felt that Advani had shown potential in a mediocre film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/machine/critic-review/machine-movie-review/|title=Machine Movie Review: Machine is strictly an ordinary fare. Lack of emotional connect coupled with a weak script, unknown faces and mediocre music will play spoilsport.|website= [[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date= 16 March 2017}}</ref> It failed at the box office.<ref name="telanganatoday.com">{{Cite web |title=This is why Kiara Advani feels actors have to be 'thick-skinned' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/this-is-why-kiara-advani-feels-actors-have-to-be-thick-skinned |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=telanganatoday.com |date=11 October 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011141430/https://telanganatoday.com/this-is-why-kiara-advani-feels-actors-have-to-be-thick-skinned |url-status=live }}</ref> She next collaborated with filmmaker [[Karan Johar]], for their first of many films, in the [[Netflix]] anthological film ''[[Lust Stories]]'' (2018), where she starred opposite [[Vicky Kaushal]] as his sexually dissatisfied wife.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2018/06/14/lust-stories-laying-bare-indian-sexuality-on-story-at-a-time.html |title='Lust Stories': Laying bare Indian sexuality, one story at a time |website=The Week |language=en |access-date=2 January 2020 |date=14 June 2018 |last=Bhadani |first=Priyanka |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102201617/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2018/06/14/lust-stories-laying-bare-indian-sexuality-on-story-at-a-time.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kiara-advani-reveals-she-googled-how-people-use-vibrators-before-she-shot-the-scene-in-lust-stories-1549914-2019-06-16 |title=Kiara Advani reveals she googled how people use vibrators before she shot the scene in Lust Stories |work=India Today |date=16 June 2019 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920085843/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kiara-advani-reveals-she-googled-how-people-use-vibrators-before-she-shot-the-scene-in-lust-stories-1549914-2019-06-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Writing for ''[[NDTV]]'', Raja Sen found her to be "positively lovely" in it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lust-stories-movie-review-4-directors-explore-the-idea-of-lust-without-caution-4-out-of-5-stars-1867833 |title=Lust Stories Movie Review: 4 Directors Explore The Idea Of Lust, Without Caution |publisher=NDTV |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727043123/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lust-stories-movie-review-4-directors-explore-the-idea-of-lust-without-caution-4-out-of-5-stars-1867833 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Advani expanded to [[Telugu cinema]] in 2018, appearing with [[Mahesh Babu]] in the action film ''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' from [[Koratala Siva]], about a student who unexpectedly becomes the chief minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/im-not-bharat-ane-nenu-just-romance-mahesh-babu-kiara-advani-tnm-79806 |title=I'm not in 'Bharat Ane Nenu' just to romance Mahesh Babu: Kiara Advani to TNM |first=Haricharan |last=Pudipeddi |date=28 April 2018 |website=thenewsminute.com |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102201620/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/im-not-bharat-ane-nenu-just-romance-mahesh-babu-kiara-advani-tnm-79806 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=18 April 2018 |title=Kiara Advani on Bharat Ane Nenu: It made me more confident as an actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kiara-advani-on-bharat-ane-nenu-5142691/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060257/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kiara-advani-on-bharat-ane-nenu-5142691/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' opined that she "shines in her brief role" but added that her character was "more of an eye-candy who doesn't add any purpose to the story".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mahesh-babu-bharat-ane-nenu-review-koratala-siva-kiara-advani-1216510-2018-04-20 |title=Bharat Ane Nenu Review: Politician Mahesh Babu is the leader we need today |work=India Today |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622095723/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mahesh-babu-bharat-ane-nenu-review-koratala-siva-kiara-advani-1216510-2018-04-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|225|c}} worldwide, making it one of [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|Telugu cinema's highest grossers]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kiara Advani stars work on 'Bharat Ane Nenu' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/280617/kiara-advani-stars-work-on-bharat-ane-nenu.html |access-date=4 December 2019 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=28 June 2017 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181129/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/280617/kiara-advani-stars-work-on-bharat-ane-nenu.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-veere-di-wedding-and-lust-stories-spearhead-the-sexual-revolution-of-bollywoods-women-4540411.html |title=How Veere Di Wedding and Lust Stories spearhead the sexual revolution of Bollywood's women |date=19 June 2018 |access-date=19 June 2018 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619220819/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-veere-di-wedding-and-lust-stories-spearhead-the-sexual-revolution-of-bollywoods-women-4540411.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> She, however, failed to replicate this success with her second Telugu film, ''[[Vinaya Vidheya Rama]]'', co-starring [[Ram Charan]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2019 |title=Kiara Advani on Vinaya Vidheya Rama: My character will bring a comic relief |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kiara-advani-on-vinaya-vidheya-rama-character-5523718/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014112400/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kiara-advani-on-vinaya-vidheya-rama-character-5523718/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rc">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-boyapati-srinus-upcoming-film-is-slated-for-a-pongal-release/articleshow/65009545.cms |title=Ram Charan-Boyapati Srinu's upcoming film is slated for a Pongal release |date=16 June 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-boyapati-srinus-upcoming-film-is-slated-for-a-pongal-release/articleshow/65009545.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In a scathing review for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sangeetha Devi Dundoo wrote, "It isn't Kiara Advani's fault that she looks lost in the melee."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vinaya-vidheya-rama-review-not-a-single-redeeming-factor/article25968199.ece |title=Vinaya Vidheya Rama review: Not a single redeeming factor |work=The Hindu |date=11 January 2019 |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216105911/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vinaya-vidheya-rama-review-not-a-single-redeeming-factor/article25968199.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, she had a guest appearance in [[Abhishek Varman]]'s ensemble period film ''[[Kalank]]'', produced by Johar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kiara-advani-on-her-special-appearance-in-kalank-i-am-very-excited-since-its-a-huge-film-1961229 |title=Kiara Advani On Her Special Appearance in Kalank: 'I Am Very Excited Since It's A Huge Film' |website=NDTV.com |access-date=2 January 2020 |first=Tiasa |last=Bhowal |date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102203431/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kiara-advani-on-her-special-appearance-in-kalank-i-am-very-excited-since-its-a-huge-film-1961229 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Rise to prominence (2019–) ===
Advani received wider attention later in 2019 for [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]'s romantic drama ''[[Kabir Singh]]'', starring [[Shahid Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/kabir-singh-is-a-blockbuster-but-still-a-terrible-remake-of-arjun-reddy-1556699-2019-06-26 |title=Kabir Singh is a blockbuster. But still a terrible remake of Arjun Reddy |date=26 June 2019 |first=Vibha |last=Maru |website=India Today |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102203428/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/kabir-singh-is-a-blockbuster-but-still-a-terrible-remake-of-arjun-reddy-1556699-2019-06-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had a worldwide gross of over {{INRConvert|378|c}} becoming her highest-grossing release, but critics panned it due to its depiction of [[misogyny]] and [[toxic masculinity]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-worst-thing-about-kabir-singh-is-kiara-advanis-preeti-sikka-heres-why-2200835.html |title=The Worst Thing About Kabir Singh is Kiara Advani's Preeti Sikka |website=News18 |access-date=2 January 2020 |first=Simantini |last=Dey |date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102203431/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-worst-thing-about-kabir-singh-is-kiara-advanis-preeti-sikka-heres-why-2200835.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] bemoaned that her passive character "offers the actress little to work with".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=23 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Movie Review: Arjun Reddy Remake is Unapologetic Celebration of Toxic Masculinity |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-arjun-reddy-remake-is-an-unapologetic-celebration-of-toxic-masculinity-2198859.html |work=News18 |access-date=1 June 2022 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603071259/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-arjun-reddy-remake-is-an-unapologetic-celebration-of-toxic-masculinity-2198859.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She then starred in the comedy ''[[Good Newwz]]'' alongside [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] and [[Diljit Dosanjh]], about two couples tryst with [[in vitro fertilization]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/heres-some-good-news-for-akshay-kumar-and-kareena-kapoor-khan-fans/articleshow/65239662.cms |title=Here's so!e 'Good News' for Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor Khan fans |date=2 August 2018 |work=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802102227/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/heres-some-good-news-for-akshay-kumar-and-kareena-kapoor-khan-fans/articleshow/65239662.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/good-newwz-film-movie-review-11577426417153.html |title=Film review: 'Good Newwz' pairs 'spam' and cheese with humour |date=27 December 2019 |work=Mint |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227101639/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/good-newwz-film-movie-review-11577426417153.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] opined, "Dosanjh and Advani are all about the amplification of the boisterous, kitschy Punjabi stereotype but they play it with an infectious cheer."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=27 December 2019 |title='Good Newwz' movie review: Serving merriment with manipulation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/good-newwz-review-serving-merriment-with-manipulation/article30409233.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603071259/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/good-newwz-review-serving-merriment-with-manipulation/article30409233.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Both ''Kabir Singh'' and ''Good Newwz'' grossed over {{INR|200 crores}} each domestically, ranking among the [[List of Hindi films of 2019|year's highest-grossing films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2019 |archive-date=18 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118064625/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She won the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance in ''Good Newwz''.<ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2020 - Popular Award Winners |url=https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=[[IIFA Awards]] |date=25 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126055921/https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |archive-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>

In 2020, Advani starred in Johar's production ''[[Guilty (2020 film)|Guilty]]'', a [[Netflix]] film about sexual assault.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guilty-movie-review-karan-johar-and-netflix-atone-for-past-sins-kiara-advani-is-a-revelation/story-cvFJJQpZfTcwauDvRrqJVP_amp.html |title=Guilty Movie Review: Karan Johar and Netflix atone for a past sins |date=7 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923164941/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guilty-movie-review-karan-johar-and-netflix-atone-for-past-sins-kiara-advani-is-a-revelation/story-cvFJJQpZfTcwauDvRrqJVP_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She played Nanki Dutta, a troubled college student. While Ektaa Malik of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' believed that she had been "reduced to the 'tortured-artistic-creative' types",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/guilty-movie-review-netflix-6302755/ |title=Guilty movie review: A lost opportunity |date=7 March 2020 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401223547/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/guilty-movie-review-netflix-6302755/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rohan Nahaar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' commended her "absolutely electric performance as the unreliable Nanki".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2020 |title=Guilty movie review: KJo atones for past sins, Kiara Advani is a revelation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guilty-movie-review-karan-johar-and-netflix-atone-for-past-sins-kiara-advani-is-a-revelation/story-cvFJJQpZfTcwauDvRrqJVP.html |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162029/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guilty-movie-review-karan-johar-and-netflix-atone-for-past-sins-kiara-advani-is-a-revelation/story-cvFJJQpZfTcwauDvRrqJVP.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani was nominated for Best Actress in a Web Original Film at [[Filmfare OTT Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Flyx Filmfare OTT Awards 2020 - Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2020/nominations |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Filmfare |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111115747/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2020/nominations |url-status=live }}</ref> She then played the wife of [[Akshay Kumar]]'s character in [[Raghava Lawrence]]'s horror comedy ''[[Laxmii]]'', in which Kumar's character gets possessed by a transgender ghost.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/remakes-to-look-forward-to-in-the-coming-months/laaxmi-bomb-kiara-advani-commences-work-on-next-with-akshay-kumar/photostory/69074525.cms |title='Laaxmi Bomb' : Kiara Advani commences work on next with Akshay Kumar – Remakes to look forward to in the coming months |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429074849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/remakes-to-look-forward-to-in-the-coming-months/laaxmi-bomb-kiara-advani-commences-work-on-next-with-akshay-kumar/photostory/69074525.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Laxmii'' was released digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and met with negative reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://scroll.in/reel/923918/laxmmi-bomb-akshay-kumars-kanchana-remake-gets-a-2020-release-date |title='Laxmmi Bomb': Akshay Kumar's 'Kanchana' remake gets a 2020 release date |work=Scroll.in |language=en-US |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=24 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724070240/https://scroll.in/reel/923918/laxmmi-bomb-akshay-kumars-kanchana-remake-gets-a-2020-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kiara Advani starrer Indoo Ki Jawani to release in theatres on this date |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-starrer-indoo-ki-jawani-release-theatres-date/ |access-date=24 November 2020 |date=20 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121080302/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-starrer-indoo-ki-jawani-release-theatres-date/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Even so, it attained a strong viewership on the platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Laxmii Beats Dil Bechara to Become Biggest Movie Opening Ever for Disney+Hotstar |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/laxmii-beats-dil-bechara-to-become-biggest-opening-movie-ever-for-disneyhotstar-3065705.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128015132/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/laxmii-beats-dil-bechara-to-become-biggest-opening-movie-ever-for-disneyhotstar-3065705.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Akshay Kumar and Kiara Advani starrer Laxmii becomes the biggest movie to open on Disney+ Hotstar VIP ever |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-kiara-advani-starrer-laxmii-becomes-biggest-movie-open-disney-hotstar-vip-ever/ |access-date=16 January 2021 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212114749/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-kiara-advani-starrer-laxmii-becomes-biggest-movie-open-disney-hotstar-vip-ever/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In her final release of 2020, Advani starred in the unremarkable romantic comedy ''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kiara-advani-welcomes-aditya-seal-on-board-indoo-ki-jawani-excited-to-have-you-in-this-crazy-journey-1572701-2019-07-23 |title=Kiara Advani welcomes Aditya Seal on board Indoo Ki Jawani: Excited to have you in this crazy journey |date=23 July 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=8 March 2021 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023042757/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kiara-advani-welcomes-aditya-seal-on-board-indoo-ki-jawani-excited-to-have-you-in-this-crazy-journey-1572701-2019-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> While praising her look and styling in the film, ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s Ronak Kotecha was unimpressed with Advani's comic timing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/indoo-ki-jawani-movie-review-kiara-advanis-pizzazz-cannot-save-a-script-that-has-the-subtlety-of-a-scream-9371891.html/amp|title=Indoo Ki Jawani movie review: Kiara Advani's pizzazz cannot save a script that has the subtlety of a scream|website=Firstpost|date=3 March 2021 |access-date= 3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/indoo-ki-jawani/amp_movie_review/79666052.cms|title=Indoo Ki Jawani Movie Review: An unfunny mess of a story that's all over the place|website=TimesOfIndia|access-date= 11 December 2020}}</ref> It failed commercially.<ref name="release date">{{Cite news |date=20 November 2020 |title=Kiara Advani starrer Indoo Ki Jawani to release in theatres on this date |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-starrer-indoo-ki-jawani-release-theatres-date/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

[[File:Kiara Advani snapped promoting 'Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2'(6) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Advani at an event for ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' in 2022]]

Advani next featured in the war film ''[[Shershaah]]'' (2021), based on the life of army officer [[Vikram Batra]] (played by [[Sidharth Malhotra]]), in which she played Dimple Cheema, Batra's girlfriend. The film released digitally on [[Amazon Prime Video]], on which it became the most-streamed Indian film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 2021 |title=Streaming in August 2021: Dial 100, Bhuj The Pride of India, Shershaah, and others |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shershaah-dial-100-bhuj-streaming-in-august-2021-7432411/ |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812104753/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shershaah-dial-100-bhuj-streaming-in-august-2021-7432411/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=31 August 2021 |title='Shershaah' is most-watched film on Amazon Prime Video in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/shershaah-is-most-watched-film-on-amazon-prime-video-in-india-11630394022936.html |url-status=live |newspaper=Mint |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309204213/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/shershaah-is-most-watched-film-on-amazon-prime-video-in-india-11630394022936.html }}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' opined that Advani "sparkles" in her brief role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shershaah movie review: Captain Vikram Batra biopic is gripping as an Army procedural, dips outside conflict zones |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shershaah-movie-review-captain-vikram-batra-biopic-is-gripping-as-an-army-procedural-dips-outside-conflict-zones-9881091.html |website=Firstpost |date=12 August 2021 |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014112402/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shershaah-movie-review-captain-vikram-batra-biopic-is-gripping-as-an-army-procedural-dips-outside-conflict-zones-9881091.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="ff22">{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 67th Wolf777news Filmfare Awards 2022 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-67th-wolf777news-filmfare-awards-2022_-55253.html |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053921/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-67th-wolf777news-filmfare-awards-2022_-55253.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, she appeared with [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] and [[Kartik Aaryan]] in the comedy horror film ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''. Shalini Langer of ''The Indian Express'' wrote that she "has little to do except pop up now and then".<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhool Bhulaiyya 2 movie review: Tabu towers over everyone in this Kartik Aaryan-Kiara Advani retread |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhool-bhulaiyya-2-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-tabu-anees-bazmee-film-7927009/lite/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=20 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110955/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhool-bhulaiyya-2-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-tabu-anees-bazmee-film-7927009/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film emerged as one of her most commercially successful, with worldwide earnings of over {{INRConvert|2.6|b}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 Box Office Estimate Day 10: Collects Rs. 13 crores on second Sunday; clocks Rs. 30 cr. in 2nd weekend |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-box-office-estimate-day-10-collects-rs-13-crores-second-sunday-clocks-rs-30-cr-2nd-weekend/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=29 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531062515/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-box-office-estimate-day-10-collects-rs-13-crores-second-sunday-clocks-rs-30-cr-2nd-weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=20 May 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625073512/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani starred alongside an ensemble cast in ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'', a comedy-drama about divorce, in which [[Varun Dhawan]] and her played an unhappily married couple. Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Monika Rawal Kukreja commended her "restrained performance" in it.<ref>{{cite web |title=JugJugg Jeeyo review: Entertaining and emotional tale featuring good-looking people |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624073529/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It earned {{INRConvert|1.35|b}} worldwide.<ref name="bo">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/|title=Jug Jugg Jeeyo Box Office|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=24 June 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709065244/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>

She then starred in the comic thriller ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]'', with [[Vicky Kaushal]] and [[Bhumi Pednekar]], which released digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2022 |title=Kiara Advani on Govinda Naam Mera, "I surrendered to Shashank Khaitan's vision" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-govinda-naam-mera-surrendered-shashank-khaitans-vision/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224065303/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-govinda-naam-mera-surrendered-shashank-khaitans-vision/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] opined that "Kiara Advani's energy is capable of far more heavy lifting than it gets credit for."<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2022 |title=Govinda Naam Mera Review: Not Fun |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/govinda-naam-mera-review/20221216.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=24 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224070207/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/govinda-naam-mera-review/20221216.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani reunited with [[Kartik Aaryan]] in ''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'' (2023), a romantic drama about a troubled marriage. [[Scroll.in]]'s Nandini Ramnath found her "sensitive, soulful" performance to be "affecting", adding that she "displays further evidence of her growing confidence".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Satyaprem Ki Katha' review: True love is put to the test |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1051189/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-true-love-is-put-to-the-test |date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Scroll.in |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629103254/https://scroll.in/reel/1051189/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-true-love-is-put-to-the-test |url-status=live}}</ref> It emerged as a modest commercial success.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7871 |title=Satyaprem Ki Katha Holds Up Well On Third Friday |date=15 July 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> Advani received several Best Actress awards and nominations at various ceremonies including her second Filmfare nomination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/satyaprem-ki-katha-sets-off-social-media-chatter-kiara-advani-is-netizens-favourite/articleshow/101597273.cms|title='Satyaprem Ki Katha' sets off social media chatter; Kiara Advani is netizens' favourite|website=Timesofindia|access-date= 8 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="ff69nom">{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism: Full list out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |date=15 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024}}</ref>

In 2025, Advani starred in two action films, ''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]'' and ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'', each made on a {{INRConvert|4|b}} budget, making them among the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian films ever made]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Talwar |first=Puja |date=20 January 2025 |title=When big films flop, who should take the fall? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/hyderabad-chronicle/when-big-films-flop-who-should-take-the-fall-1855270 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In ''Game Changer'', a Telugu action film directed by [[S. Shankar]], Advani starred opposite [[Ram Charan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |title=Kiara Advani teams up with Ram Charan in Shankar's upcoming trilingual film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-teams-up-with-ram-charan-in-shankar-s-upcoming-trilingual-film-101627748572642-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812110243/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-teams-up-with-ram-charan-in-shankar-s-upcoming-trilingual-film-101627748572642-amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]''{{'s}} Vinamra Mathur bemoaned that she had been wasted in an "inconsequential romantic track".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur|first=Vinamra|date=10 January 2025 |title='Game Changer' movie review: Ram Charan and Kiara Advani's film is forgettable but not as awful as Indian 2 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/game-changer-movie-review-ram-charan-and-kiara-advanis-film-is-forgettable-but-not-as-awful-as-indian-2-13851527.html |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=Firstpost }}</ref> Despite disliking the film, Sangeetha Devi of ''[[The Hindu]]'' credited Advani for trying to "deliver the best" she can in a role that "occasionally goes beyond being decorative".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/game-changer-movie-review-the-fun-is-tailormade-for-instant-gratification/article69083917.ece/|title=‘Game Changer’ movie review: The fun is tailormade for instant gratification|website=The Hindu|access-date= 13 January 2025}}</ref> Advani starred as a wing commander opposite [[Hrithik Roshan]] in [[Ayan Mukerji]]'s ''War 2,'' set in the [[YRF Spy Universe]]''.''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=16 June 2023 |title=Hrithik Roshan, NTR Jr to be Joined by Kiara Advani in 'War 2' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/hrithik-roshan-ntr-jr-kiara-advani-war-2-1235646617/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711091720/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/hrithik-roshan-ntr-jr-kiara-advani-war-2-1235646617/ |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |work=Variety}}</ref> In a negative review for ''The Indian Express'', Shubhra Gupta lamented the absence of "an actual fleshed-out role" for Advani in what she described as a "boys-and-their-toys flick".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=War 2 Movie Review: Hrithik Roshan, Jr NTR, Kiara Advani spy saga is so limp, you’re left looking for zing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/war-2-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-jr-ntr-kiara-advani-spy-saga-yrf-ayan-mukerji-so-limp-looking-for-zing-10188700/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, ''[[News18]]''’s Titas Chowdhury noted that the actress had been "relegated to the periphery," though she praised her skill in the action sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War 2 Review, Rating: Hrithik Roshan-Jr NTR Bring Fire But Ayan Mukerji’s Spy Thriller Runs Out Of Bullets |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/war-2-review-rating-hrithik-roshan-jr-ntr-bring-fire-but-ayan-mukerjis-spy-thriller-runs-out-of-bullets-ws-l-9505210.html |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> ''War 2'' had the highest opening weekend of Advani's career, yet both it and ''Game Changer'' emerged as box-office bombs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-15 |title=War 2 box office: 7 records created by Hrithik Roshan-Jr NTR-Kiara Advani starrer on its opening day |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/war-2-box-office-7-records-created-by-hrithik-roshan-jr-ntr-kiara-advani-starrer-on-its-opening-day-13924913.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-19 |title=₹400 crore budget, ₹75 crore spent on songs, box office haul just ₹131 crore: How Game Changer became 2025's first flop |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/400-crore-budget-game-changer-box-office-collection-131-crore-ram-charan-kiara-advani-shankar-2025s-first-flop-101739953989241.html |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She will next star opposite [[Yash (actor)|Yash]] in the [[Kannada]] action film ''[[Toxic (2026 film)|Toxic]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bengaluru Schedule Of Yash And Kiara Advani-starrer Toxic Ends |url=https://www.news18.com/india/bengaluru-schedule-of-yash-and-kiara-advani-starrer-toxic-ends-9078676.html#:~:text=Alongside%20Yash,%20Kiara%20will%20play,Kyle%20Paul%20and%20Benedict%20Garrett. |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Sidharth Malhotra and Kiara Advani at their wedding reception in Mumbai (12).jpg|thumb|upright|Advani with her husband [[Sidharth Malhotra]] at their wedding reception in 2023]]
Despite persistent rumours of a relationship with actor [[Sidharth Malhotra]] since 2020, Advani did not publicly comment on it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ahead-of-sidharth-malhotra-kiara-advani-s-wedding-a-look-at-the-relationship-timeline-3755208|title=Ahead Of Sidharth Malhotra-Kiara Advani's Wedding, A Look At Their Relationship Timeline|website=NDTV|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209054023/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ahead-of-sidharth-malhotra-kiara-advani-s-wedding-a-look-at-the-relationship-timeline-3755208|url-status=live}}</ref> They were married on 7 February 2023 in a traditional [[Hindu wedding|Hindu ceremony]] in [[Jaisalmer]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advani-and-sidharth-malhotra-make-their-wedding-official-share-first-photos-as-husband-and-wife-pics-inside/articleshow/97694781.cms |title=It's official! Kiara Advani and Sidharth Malhotra are now married! |date=7 February 2023 |work=The Times of India |access-date=27 July 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209054018/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advani-and-sidharth-malhotra-make-their-wedding-official-share-first-photos-as-husband-and-wife-pics-inside/articleshow/97694781.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/decoding-sidharth-malhotra-kiara-advani-s-dreamy-wedding-look-11675814260991.html | title=Decoding Sidharth Malhotra, Kiara Advani's dreamy wedding look | work=mint | date=8 February 2023 | access-date=13 February 2023 | archive-date=13 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082137/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/decoding-sidharth-malhotra-kiara-advani-s-dreamy-wedding-look-11675814260991.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The wedding attracted significant media coverage, with their photos becoming the most-liked [[Instagram]] post in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiara Advani's wedding pic with Sidharth Malhotra is most-liked Instagram post in India, leaves behind Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-sidharth-malhotra-wedding-pic-most-liked-instagram-post-in-india-alia-bhatt-left-behind-8434404/ |work=The Indian Express |date=9 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212023337/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-sidharth-malhotra-wedding-pic-most-liked-instagram-post-in-india-alia-bhatt-left-behind-8434404/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani gave birth to their daughter, Saraayah, on 15 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidharth Malhotra and Kiara Advani welcome a baby girl, mother and child healthy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sidharth-malhotra-and-kiara-advani-welcome-a-baby-girl-mother-and-child-healthy/articleshow/122525073.cms|access-date=2025-07-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bollywood actors Kiara Advani and Sidharth Malhotra welcome baby girl">{{cite news|last1=|first1=|title=Bollywood actors Kiara Advani and Sidharth Malhotra welcome baby girl|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kiara-advani-and-sidharth-malhotra-welcome-baby-girl/article69817674.ece|accessdate=17 July 2025|work=The Hindu|date=16 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717042530/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kiara-advani-and-sidharth-malhotra-welcome-baby-girl/article69817674.ece|archivedate=17 July 2025|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kiara Advani flaunts daughter Saraayah’s tiny hands and feet in a sweet magazine-reading session|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advani-flaunts-daughter-saraayahs-tiny-hands-and-feet-in-a-sweet-magazine-reading-session/articleshow/126359983.cms|access-date=2026-01-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Off-screen work ==
Advani supports a number of social causes. She promoted the "Quaker Feed A Child" initiative of Smile Foundation and also supported ''[[The Quint]]''{{'}}s initiative #SpreadTheLight.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kiara-advani-promotes-quaker-feed-child-initiative-smile-foundation/ |title=Kiara Advani promotes 'Quaker Feed A Child' initiative of Smile Foundation |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=16 October 2017 |access-date=23 December 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065858/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kiara-advani-promotes-quaker-feed-child-initiative-smile-foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/campaigns/kiara-advani-help-educate-the-needy-spreadthelight-diwali2016-bollywood|title=Kiara Advani Promises to Make Someone Smile and #SpreadTheLight|website=The Quint|date=27 October 2016 |access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065858/https://www.thequint.com/campaigns/kiara-advani-help-educate-the-needy-spreadthelight-diwali2016-bollywood|url-status=live}}</ref> During [[COVID-19]] crisis, she donated to the "I Stand With Humanity" campaign, to help daily wage workers of the film and television industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kiara-advani-mustafa-burmawalla-perform-charity-show-ngo/ |title=Kiara Advani and Mustafa Burmawalla perform at a charity show for an NGO |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=25 April 2017 |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065900/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kiara-advani-mustafa-burmawalla-perform-charity-show-ngo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/b-town-to-the-rescue-karan-johar-taapsee-pannu-and-others-pledge-to-help-daily-wage-workers/articleshow/74828476.cms|title=B-town to the rescue: Karan Johar, Kiara Advani and others pledge to help daily wage workers|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=26 March 2020 |access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518165156/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/b-town-to-the-rescue-karan-johar-taapsee-pannu-and-others-pledge-to-help-daily-wage-workers/articleshow/74828476.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Advani has performed on stage and co-hosted at the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]], [[Screen Awards|Screen]] and [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine]] award ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/lifestyle/the-black-lady-this-filmfare-awards-2022-was-in-fact-kiara-advani-standing-tall-in-a-shiny-black-catsuit-3302475|title=The 'Black Lady' This Filmfare Awards 2022 Was In Fact Kiara Advani Standing Tall In A Shiny Black Catsuit|website=Filmfare|access-date= 31 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/lifestyle/beauty-fashion/zee-cine-awards-2023-bijli-kiara-advanis-electrifying-dance-wows-audience-2584577.html/amp|title=Zee Cine Awards 2023: Kiara Advani's Electrifying Dance Wows Audience|website=Zeenews|access-date= 17 March 2023}}</ref> In March 2023, she performed at the opening ceremony of the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] alongside [[Kriti Sanon]] and [[AP Dhillon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-kriti-sanon-ap-dhillon-set-stage-on-fire-at-wpl-2023-opening-101677939947251-amp.html|title=Kiara Advani, Kriti Sanon set the stage on fire with a dance performance at WPL 2023, AP Dhillon sings Brown Munde. Watch|website=Hindustantimes|date=4 March 2023|access-date=4 March 2023|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304203952/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-kriti-sanon-ap-dhillon-set-stage-on-fire-at-wpl-2023-opening-101677939947251-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In October that year, she performed at an event in [[Doha]] for the "Entertainer No. 1" tour, alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Tiger Shroff]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] and [[Ash King]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/happy-focused-faces-of-varun-dhawan-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-and-more-4458540|title=Viral: Shahid Kapoor, Varun Dhawan, Tiger Shroff, Kiara Advani In Doha|website=NDTV|access-date= 7 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/star-power-male|title=Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani, Rakul Preet Singh, and King gear up for Entertainer No. 1 in Qatar; watch BTS|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=15 March 2016 |access-date= 6 October 2023}}</ref>

== Artistry and media image ==
[[File:Kiara Advani graces the launch of Tira Beauty’s first campaign (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Advani at the launch of Tira in 2023]]

Raghuvendra Singh of ''[[Filmfare]]'' finds Advani to be "charming, vivacious and always full on energy".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Raghuvendra Singh |work=Filmfare |title=Kiara Advani opens up on her career and her co-stars! |access-date=30 March 2022 |url=https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/kiara-advani-opens-up-on-sidharth-malhotra-kartik-aaryan-varun-dhawan-and-akshay-kumar-47327.html |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517171537/https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/kiara-advani-opens-up-on-sidharth-malhotra-kartik-aaryan-varun-dhawan-and-akshay-kumar-47327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shama Bhagat of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' notes, "After almost written off by critics after her debut film, Advani had taken the failure in her stride and is evidently on a success spree with hit after hit."<ref>{{Cite web |author=Shama Bhagat |work=The New Indian Express |title=Producers have started trusting me a lot now: Actor Kiara Advani |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/jul/17/interview-producers-have-started-trusting-me-a-lot-now-actor-kiara-advani-2476581.html |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719092018/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/jul/17/interview-producers-have-started-trusting-me-a-lot-now-actor-kiara-advani-2476581.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |work=Zee News |title=Happy Birthday Kiara Advani: 5 top-notch movies of the actress one MUST watch! |access-date=30 September 2022 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-kiara-advani-5-top-notch-movies-of-the-actress-one-must-watch-2491386.html |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808191253/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-kiara-advani-5-top-notch-movies-of-the-actress-one-must-watch-2491386.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Advani is an endorser for several brands and products, including [[Audi]], [[Galaxy (chocolate bar)|Galaxy Chocolate]], [[Colgate (toothpaste)|Colgate]], and [[Slice (drink)|Slice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-replaces-katrina-kaif-as-slice-brand-ambassador-fans-react-watch-101677830416592-amp.html|title=Kiara Advani replaces Katrina Kaif as Slice brand ambassador, fans say 'woh maza nahi aaya'. Watch|website=Hindustantimes|date=3 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|archive-date=3 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303123621/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-replaces-katrina-kaif-as-slice-brand-ambassador-fans-react-watch-101677830416592-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kiara-advani-becomes-the-first-female-brand-ambassador-for-audi-poses-with-rs-1-58-crore-worth-car/|title=Kiara Advani becomes the first female brand ambassador for Audi; poses with Rs. 1.58 crore worth car|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=15 December 2021 |access-date= 15 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/colgate-visible-white-ropes-in-kiara-advani-as-its-new-brand-ambassador/79741790|title=Colgate Visible White ropes in Kiara Advani as its new brand ambassador|website=BrandEquity|access-date= 15 December 2020}}</ref> In 2019, she took part in a campaign as brand ambassador for [[Giordano International|Giordano]] handbags.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-new-face-lifestyle-brand-giordano/ |title=Kiara Advani is the new face of a lifestyle brand, Giordano |date=26 September 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927132928/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-new-face-lifestyle-brand-giordano/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, she collaborated with [[Myntra]] and in 2022, she was signed by the Spanish retailer [[Mango (retailer)|Mango]] for an Indian campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/myntra-announces-kiara-advani-as-new-brand-ambassador/77846374 |title=Myntra announces Kiara Advani as new brand ambassador |work=The Times of India |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122230351/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/myntra-announces-kiara-advani-as-new-brand-ambassador/77846374 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/kiara-advani-is-brand-ambassador-for-mango-in-india/477404 |title=Kiara Advani is brand ambassador for Mango in India |publisher=campaignindia.in |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923052017/https://www.campaignindia.in/article/kiara-advani-is-brand-ambassador-for-mango-in-india/477404 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, [[Reliance Retail]]'s beauty brand Tira and [[Quaker Oats Company]] signed her as an ambassador.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kareena-kapoor-suhana-khan-kiara-advani-sparkle-faces-tira-beautys-empowering-new-campaign/|title=Kareena Kapoor, Suhana Khan, and Kiara Advani sparkle as the faces of Tira Beauty's empowering new campaign|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=September 2023 |access-date= 1 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-quaker-onboards-kiara-advani-and-sidharth-malhotra-as-brand-ambassadors-3345225/lite/|title=Quaker onboards Kiara Advani and Sidharth Malhotra as brand ambassadors|website=FinancialExpress|date=22 December 2023 |access-date= 22 December 2023}}</ref> Advani's brand value was estimated by [[Kroll Inc.]] (formerly Duff & Phelps) to be US$60 million in 2023, the twelfth-highest among Indian celebrities and third-highest among actresses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/news/news/alia-deepika-and-kiara-become-the-top-three-bollywood-actresses-in-indias-most-valuable-celebrities-list-253335|title=Alia, Deepika and Kiara become the top three Bollywood actresses in India's most valuable celebrities list|website=PunjabNewsExpress|access-date= 19 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/alia-bhatt-beats-deepika-padukone-amasses-a-brand-value-of-101-1-million-in-2023-13784176.html/amp|title=Alia Bhatt beats Deepika Padukone, amasses a brand value of $101.1 million in 2023|website=First Post|date=20 June 2024 |access-date= 20 June 2024}}</ref>

Advani has featured in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'s}} listing of the "Most Desirable Woman", ranking sixth in 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/disha-patani-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2019-list20200829103342/ |title=Disha Patani tops The Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2019 list |publisher=ANI |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915042809/https://www.aninews.in/news/business/disha-patani-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2019-list20200829103342/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and fourth in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms |title=The Times Most Desirable Woman of 2020: Rhea Chakraborty - Living through a trial by fire, gracefully |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=8 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608013431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019 and 2022, [[Rediff.com]] placed her at fourth and seventh, respectively, in their listing of the top 10 Popular Stars of Bollywood Cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-top-10-stars-of-indian-cinema-and-television/20191205.htm|title=Meet the TOP 10 Stars of Indian Cinema|website=Rediff|access-date= 5 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-10-most-popular-stars-of-2022/20221207.htm|title=The 10 Most Popular Stars of 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date= 7 December 2022}}</ref> In 2021, Advani was listed in the Most-in demand actors across the globe, Notably, she were the only female actress making her way to the list only behind [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://popdiaries.com/2021/08/26/kiara-advani-wins-a-spot-as-most-in-demand-actresses-worldwide-with-priyanka-chopra-jonas/|title=Kiara Advani wins a spot as most-in demand actresses worldwide with Priyanka Chopra Jonas|website=Popdiaries|access-date= 26 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-priyanka-chopra-top-list-of-worlds-most-in-demand-actors-in-new-survey-7469999/lite/|title=Kiara Advani wins a spot as most-in demand actresses worldwide with Priyanka Chopra Jonas|website=Indianexpress|access-date= 26 August 2021}}</ref> In 2022, ''[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ India]]'' ranked Advani in their "30 Most Influential Young Indians" listings and named her one of the best dressed celebrities in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kappal |first=Arun JanardhanArman KhanSaumyaa VohraNidhi GuptaParth CharanJamie AlterBhanuj |title=Meet GQ's 30 Most Influential Young Indians of 2022 |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/meet-gq-30-most-influential-young-indians-of-2022 |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=GQ India |date=29 April 2022 |language=en-IN |archive-date=24 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724110217/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/meet-gq-30-most-influential-young-indians-of-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gqindia.com/look-good/content/gq-best-dressed-2022?usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D&_js_v=a9&_gsa=1#referrer=https%3A%2F%2F&csi=1&ashare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gqindia.com%2Flook-good%2Fcontent%2Fgq-best-dressed-2022 |title=GQ Best Dressed 2022 |date=29 September 2022 |work=GQ India |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, Advani became the most searched personality on [[Google]] in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/google-year-in-search-2023-jawan-in-top-3-films-kiara-advani-among-top-actors-2474599-2023-12-11 |title=Google Year in Search 2023: 'Jawan' in top 3 films, Kiara Advani among top actors |access-date=11 December 2023 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, she was placed 33rd on [[IMDb]]'s List of 100 Most Viewed Indian Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |accessdate=29 August 2024 |title=Deepika Padukone, Shah Rukh Khan Top IMDb’s List of Most Viewed Indian Stars |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122092159/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |archive-date=22 November 2024 |website=Variety}}</ref> As of 2024, she is among India's highest tax-paying celebrities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-is-the-highest-tax-paying-female-celebrity-in-india-kiara-advani-katrina-kaif-follow-report-9551948/lite/|title=Kareena Kapoor is the highest tax-paying female celebrity in India, Kiara Advani, Katrina Kaif follow: report|website=TheIndianExpress|access-date= 5 September 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
=== Films ===
*''All films are in Hindi unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Fugly (film)|Fugly]]''
| Devika Sharma
|
|<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
|-
|2016
! scope="row" | ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''
| Sakshi Rawat
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2020 |title=Kiara Advani did screen test for role of MS Dhoni's girlfriend, wife |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-did-screen-test-for-role-of-ms-dhonis-girlfriend-wife-3052425/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200020/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-did-screen-test-for-role-of-ms-dhonis-girlfriend-wife-3052425/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]''
| Sarah Thapar
|
|<ref name="telanganatoday.com"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! scope="row" |''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]''
| Vasumathi
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|<ref name="indianexpress.com"/>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Lust Stories]]''
|Megha Upadhyay
|{{no wrap|Karan Johar's}} segment
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 May 2022 |title=Kiara Advani: 'Lust Stories' Was A Choice I Made Because I Wanted To Work With Karan Johar |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/kiara-advani-lust-stories-was-a-choice-i-made-because-i-wanted-to-work-with-karan-johar-news-199335 |access-date=17 July 2022 |magazine=Outlook India |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014112408/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/kiara-advani-lust-stories-was-a-choice-i-made-because-i-wanted-to-work-with-karan-johar-news-199335 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2019
! scope="row" |''[[Vinaya Vidheya Rama]]''
| Seetha
| Telugu film
|<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kalank]]''
|Lajjo
|Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan gushes about Kiara Advani in Kalank: Asked her just once to be part of First Class |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/varun-dhawan-gushes-about-kiara-advani-in-kalank-asked-her-just-once-to-be-part-of-first-class-1486733-2019-03-26 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=India Today |date=26 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060108/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/varun-dhawan-gushes-about-kiara-advani-in-kalank-asked-her-just-once-to-be-part-of-first-class-1486733-2019-03-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kabir Singh]]''
|Preeti Sikka
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2020 |title=Kiara Advani feels it's unfair that people reduced Kabir Singh to 'one slap', says she anticipated the backlash |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kiara-advani-feels-it-s-unfair-that-people-reduced-kabir-singh-to-one-slap-says-she-anticipated-the-backlash/story-lf35dEICQMzLZNFAIciJkL.html |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060051/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kiara-advani-feels-it-s-unfair-that-people-reduced-kabir-singh-to-one-slap-says-she-anticipated-the-backlash/story-lf35dEICQMzLZNFAIciJkL.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Good Newwz]]''
|Monika Batra
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2019 |title=Kiara Advani: Feel lucky to be a part of Good Newwz |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-on-2019-films-good-newwz-kabir-singh-kalank-6158089/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060259/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-on-2019-films-good-newwz-kabir-singh-kalank-6158089/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2020
! scope="row" |''[[Guilty (2020 film)|Guilty]]''
|Nanki Dutta
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Kiara Advani: From Kabir Singh to Guilty, a look at her most remarkable films! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/happy-birthday-kiara-advani-from-kabir-singh-to-guilty-a-look-at-her-most-remarkable-films-2380426 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Zee News |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523140507/https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/happy-birthday-kiara-advani-from-kabir-singh-to-guilty-a-look-at-her-most-remarkable-films-2380426 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Laxmii]]''
|Rashmi Rajput
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Laxmii' actor Kiara Advani says 'life's come a full circle' on romancing Akshay Kumar who launched her in Bollywood |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-laxmii-actor-kiara-advani-says-life-s-come-a-full-circle-on-romancing-akshay-kumar-who-launched-her-in-bollywood-2854529 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060107/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-laxmii-actor-kiara-advani-says-life-s-come-a-full-circle-on-romancing-akshay-kumar-who-launched-her-in-bollywood-2854529 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]''
|Indoo Gupta
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=Kiara Advani's pizzazz cannot save a script that has the subtlety of a scream - Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/indoo-ki-jawani-movie-review-kiara-advanis-pizzazz-cannot-save-a-script-that-has-the-subtlety-of-a-scream-9371891.html |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060049/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/indoo-ki-jawani-movie-review-kiara-advanis-pizzazz-cannot-save-a-script-that-has-the-subtlety-of-a-scream-9371891.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" |''[[Shershaah]]''
| Dimple Cheema
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaubey |first=Pranita |date=2 May 2019 |title=Kiara Advani Joins The Cast Of The Vikram Batra Biopic, Now Called ''Shershaah'' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kiara-advani-joins-the-cast-of-the-vikram-batra-biopic-now-called-shershaah-2032033 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519114941/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kiara-advani-joins-the-cast-of-the-vikram-batra-biopic-now-called-shershaah-2032033 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
! scope="row" |''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
| Reet Thakur
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-kartik-aaryan-and-kiara-advani-kick-start-shooting-for-the-much-awaited-sequel/articleshow/71500362.cms |title='Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2': Kartik Aaryan and Kiara Advani kick-start shooting for the much-awaited sequel |date=9 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010073009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-kartik-aaryan-and-kiara-advani-kick-start-shooting-for-the-much-awaited-sequel/articleshow/71500362.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
|Nainaa Sharma
|
|<ref name="JJJ">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/neetu-kapoor-feels-rishi-kapoor-s-love-and-presence-as-she-starts-jug-jugg-jeeyo-shooting-1741269-2020-11-16 |title=Neetu Kapoor feels Rishi Kapoor's love and presence as she starts Jug Jugg Jeeyo shooting |access-date=16 November 2020 |first=Vibha |last=Maru |date=16 November 2020 |work=India Today |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116072156/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/neetu-kapoor-feels-rishi-kapoor-s-love-and-presence-as-she-starts-jug-jugg-jeeyo-shooting-1741269-2020-11-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
| Suku Shetty
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Karan Johar announces Govinda Naam Mera starring Vicky Kaushal, Bhumi Pednekar and Kiara Advani |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-govinda-naam-mera-starring-vicky-kaushal-bhumi-pednekar-and-kiara-advani/ |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044636/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-govinda-naam-mera-starring-vicky-kaushal-bhumi-pednekar-and-kiara-advani/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023
! scope="row" |''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]''
| Katha Kapadia
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-wraps-shoot-satyaprem-ki-katha-shares-bts-photos/|title=Kiara Advani wraps up the shoot of Satyaprem Ki Katha; shares BTS photos|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 April 2023|access-date=30 April 2023|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430051241/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-wraps-shoot-satyaprem-ki-katha-shares-bts-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
! scope="row" |''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]''
| Dr. Deepika
| Telugu film
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kiara Advani dazzles in Game Changer new poster as Jabilamma, unveiled on her birthday |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kiara-advani-dazzles-game-changer-new-poster-jabilamma-unveiled-birthday/ |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=31 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
| Wing Commander Kavya Luthra
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=War 2 shoot begins in Spain, director Ayan Mukerji clicked filming car chase.|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/war-2-shoot-begins-in-spain-director-ayan-mukerji-clicked-filming-car-chase-see-videos-pics-8988807/ |date=18 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| scope="row" {{Pending film|[[Toxic (2026 film)|Toxic]]}}
| Nadia
| [[Kannada]]-[[English language|English]] bilingual film; Post-production
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yash and Kiara Advani gear up for romantic sequences in Toxic amid Mumbai schedule: Report|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/yash-kiara-advani-gear-romantic-sequences-toxic-amid-mumbai-schedule-report/ |date=7 October 2024 |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|2018
! scope="row"| ''[[Masaba Masaba]]''
| {{Sort|Herself|Herself}}
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Arushi |date=14 August 2020 |title=Masaba Masaba trailer: Neena Gupta and Masaba Gupta promise a whole lot of fun |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/masaba-masaba-trailer-netflix-neena-gupta-masaba-gupta-6554418/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210194832/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/masaba-masaba-trailer-netflix-neena-gupta-masaba-gupta-6554418/ |archive-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Music video appearances ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|2018
! scope="row" | "Urvashi"
|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Watch: The teaser of Yo Yo Honey Singh's music video 'Urvashi' starring Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/watch-the-teaser-of-yo-yo-honey-singhs-music-video-urvashi-starring-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-out/articleshow/65969166.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927014851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/watch-the-teaser-of-yo-yo-honey-singhs-music-video-urvashi-starring-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-out/articleshow/65969166.cms |archive-date=27 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
! scope="row" | "Kudi Nu Nachne De"
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/angrezi-medium-song-kudi-nu-nachne-de-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-and-anushka-sharma-will-set-your-mood--2189862 |title=Angrezi Medium Song Kudi Nu Nachne De: Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif And Anushka Sharma Will Set Your Mood For The Week |publisher=NDTV |date=4 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134048/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/angrezi-medium-song-kudi-nu-nachne-de-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-and-anushka-sharma-will-set-your-mood--2189862 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Muskurayega India"
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inspirational Hindi Song 'Muskurayega India' {{!}} Hindi Video Songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/inspirational-hindi-song-muskurayega-india-ft-akshay-kumar-kartik-aaryan-tiger-shroff-ayushmann-khurrana-kriti-sanon-bhumi-pednekar-raj-kumar-rao-vicky-kaushal-and-more/videoshow/75025219.cms |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129092603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/inspirational-hindi-song-muskurayega-india-ft-akshay-kumar-kartik-aaryan-tiger-shroff-ayushmann-khurrana-kriti-sanon-bhumi-pednekar-raj-kumar-rao-vicky-kaushal-and-more/videoshow/75025219.cms }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{see also|List of awards and nominations received by Kiara Advani}}

Advani has received two [[Filmfare Awards]] nominations - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''Shershaah'' (2022) and ''Satyaprem Ki Katha'' (2024) and two [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]] nominations - [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] for the same.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Instagram|id=kiaraaliaadvani}}
* {{BH person}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Kiara Advani
|d = yes
|d-search = Q16762720
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}

{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActress}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Advani, Kiara}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards Telugu winners]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus]]
[[Category:Jai Hind College alumni]]

Ramdas Kamat

2026-03-20T15:03:34Z

BSHindia: New new stub

{{Short description|Indian musician (1931–2022)}}
{{morefootnotes|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramdas Kamat
| image =
| birth_name = Ramdas Shantaram Kamat
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|2|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mapuçá]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] with Honours in [[Economics]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|1|8|1931|2|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vile Parle]], [[Maharashtra]], India
}}

'''Ramdas Shantaram Kamat''' (18 February 1931 – 8 January 2022) was an Indian musician who worked in [[Sangeet Natak]], [[Marathi theatre]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=हृदयी धरले 'नाटय़संगीत'|url=http://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/play-music-director-ramdas-kamat-1287575/|access-date=2016-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
As a child he took Hindustani classical music lessons from elder brother Upendra. Natya Sangeet studied under Pt. Govind Buwa Agni, Pt. Jitendra Abhisheki, Shri. [[Prabhakar Pendharkar]], Shri. Bhalachandra Pendharkar, and Pt. [[Bhimsen Joshi]].

Bhava Geet Gayan studied under Yashwant Deo, Natak Saunstha, The Goa Hindu Association Mumbai, Gopinath Savkar's Kala Mandir, Mumbai Marathi Natya Sangha, Ranga Sharada, Bharat Natya Mandir Pune, [[Jayaram Shiledar]]'s Marathi Rangabhoomi, and Mohan Wagh's Chandralekha.

He acted under direction of Gopinath Savkar, [[Mo. Ga. Rangnekar]], [[Master Dattaram]], Nandkumar Raote, Bhalachandra Pendharkar & Madhukar Todarmal.

==Personal life and death==
Kamat died at his home in Vile Parle, a neighbourhood of Mumbai, on 8 January 2022, at age 90.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ज्येष्ठ गायक-अभिनेते पंडित रामदास कामत यांचे निधन|url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/veteran-singer-actor-pandit-ramdas-kamat-passed-away-at-his-residence-zws-70-2753573/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>

==Performances==
Kamat acted in 18 plays in his lifetime listed below.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aathavanitli-gani.com/Swar/Ramdas_Kamat|title=Listen to Ramdas Kamat|last=Kamat|first=Ramdas|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDEz9F4yGm3gvKdjhoajj9g|title=Ramdas kamat Youtube Page|last=|first=|date=|website=YouTube|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref>

* Sangeet Saunshay-Kallol
* Sangeet Sadhu ani Ashwinsheth
* [[Sangeet Sharada]]
* Sangeet Saubhadra
* Sangeet Maanapaman
* Sangeet Sannyasacha Saunsar
* Sangeet Kanhopatra
* Sangeet Ekach Pyala
* Sangeet Matyagandha
* Sangeet Yayati ani Devayani
* Sangeet Madanachi Manjiri
* Sangeet Hey Bandh Reshmanche
* Sangeet Meera Madhura
* Sangeet Honaji Bala
* Sangeet Swarasmarat
* Sangeet Mandaarmala
* Sangeet Dhanya Te Gayani kala
* Sangeet Saubhadra Sageetika

==Awards==

* Maharashtra Government Akheel Bharatiya Marathi Natya Parishad's Bal Gandharva Puraskar.
* Pune Chichwad Municipal Corporations Bal Gandharva Puraskar.
* Sangli Nagarpalika's Govin Ballal Deval Puraskar.
* Maharashtra Rajya Sanskritik Puraskar for Upashastriya Sangeet .
* Chhota Gandharva Puraskar at Koregaon.
* Akheel Bharatiya Natya Parishad's Keshavrao Bhole Puraskar.
* Akheel Bharatiya Natya Parishad's Jitendra Abhisheki Puraskar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki Sangeet Mahotsav|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/6th-edition-of-Pt-Jitendra-Abhisheki-Sangeet-Mahotsav-to-be-held-from-Jan-7-9/articleshow/7207249.cms}}</ref>
* Yashwantrao Prathishthan's Swara Raaj Chhota Gandharva Puraskar.
* Manipal T M A Pai Foundation's outstanding Konkani Puraskar.
* Vishnudas Bhave Puraskar, Sangli.<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|title=Ramdas Kamat to be felicitated with 'Vishnudas Bhave award'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/ramdas-kamat-to-be-felicitated-with-vishnudas-bhave-award/625442|access-date=2022-01-09|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)]]}}</ref>
* President of the Marathi Natya Sammelan, Beed, held on 13, 14 & 15 Feb 2009.
* Parle Bhushan Puraskar 2010.
* 90th Marathi Natya Sammelan & First Vishwa Marathi Natya Sammelan held in New Jersey USA.
* Mumbai Swara Sanman Puraskar on the World Music day in 2013.
* Bakhle Buwa's Bharat Gayan Samaj Pune's Pandit Ram Marathe Puraskar.
* Maharashtra Government balwant Pandurang aka Annasaheb Kirloskar Sangeet rangabhoomi Jeevan Gaurav Puraskar in January 2014.
* New Delhi's [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] on 23-10-2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kamat|first1=Ramdas|title=President Pranab Mukharjee confers Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/president-pranab-mukherjee-confers-sangeet-natak-akademi-awards-1235781}}</ref>
* Uttung Puraskar Vile Parle Mumbai 03-01-2016.
* Maharashtra Government Saunskrutik Puraskar 2014, received on 31-01-2016.
* Parnekar Maharaj Pratishthan Pune's Puraskar received on 26-03-2016.
* Sahyadri Vahini Natya Ratna Puraskar on 12-05-2016.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{discogs artist|Ramdas Kamat}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamat, Ramdas}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Banjara (2018 film)

2026-03-20T12:50:02Z

BSHindia: put up new info

{{short description|2018 Indian Punjabi-language film}}
{{About|2=2025 Marathi film|3=Banjara (2025 film)}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Banjara
| image = Banjara First Look.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| native_name = 
| director = Mushtaq Pasha
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Dheeraj Rattan]]
| story = Dheeraj Rattan
| based_on = 
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Babbu Maan]]
*[[Rana Ranbir]]
*[[Shraddha Arya]]
*Sara Khatri
* Jiya Mustafa
}}
| narrator =
| music = Babbu Maan
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
* Binendra Menon
* Pankaj Kathuria
}}
| editing = Bunty Saini
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* Ohri Productions
* Rana Ahluwalia
* Maan Films
* Ameri-Can Systems
* Motion Pictures
}}
| distributor = World Cinema Partners (United States and Canada)
| released = {{Film date|2018|12|07|df=yes}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|link=yes|10.5 [[crore]]}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
}}
'''''Banjara''''' ({{translation|Nomad}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Mushtaq Pasha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/babbu-maans-triple-role-in-a-film-becomes-the-first-for-punjabi-cinema/articleshow/65464032.cms|title=Babbu Maan's triple role in a film, becomes the first for Punjabi cinema|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> The film stars [[Babbu Maan]] in a [[dual role|triple role]] alongside, Sarah Khatri, [[Rana Ranbir]], Gurpreet Bhangu, Jiya Mustafa and [[Shraddha Arya]]. It is Maan's first film released after ''Baaz'' (2014).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/banjara-the-truck-driver-babbu-maans-latest-will-have-a-triple-dose-of-the-actor-singer/articleshow/64270501.cms|title='Banjara The Truck Driver': Babbu Maan's latest will have a triple dose of the actor-singer|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> The film is based on the life of truck drivers and the film highlights the eras of 1947, 1984 and 2018, presenting the love stories of the three generations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/babbu-maan-banjara-truck-drivers/|title=Babbu Maan's Movie 'Banjara' Is All About The Life Of Truck Drivers|date=21 May 2018|work=PTC Punjabi|access-date=28 August 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071445/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/babbu-maan-banjara-truck-drivers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://chandigarhmetro.com/babbu-maan-come-with-new-punjabi-movie-banjara-2018/|title=Babbu Maan to Soon Come Up with a New Punjabi Movie Titled 'Banjara' in 2018|date=23 May 2018|work=Chandigarh Metro|access-date=28 August 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071329/https://chandigarhmetro.com/babbu-maan-come-with-new-punjabi-movie-banjara-2018/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was theatrically released on 7 December 2018.

==Cast==
* [[Babbu Maan]] in a [[dual role|Triple role]] as
**Harnek Singh
**Binder Singh
**Nachhatar Singh
* [[Rana Ranbir]]
* Gurpreet Bhangu
* Jiya Mustafa
* [[Shraddha Arya]]
* Malkit Rauni
* Prakash Yadu
* Sara Khatri
* Sunny Sandhu

== Production ==

=== Development ===
''Mushtaq Pasha'' the director of the film wanted to sign a film with [[Babbu Maan]] since last 10 years but Maan rejected his as he doesn't want to do action or comedies which were being told by Pasha. As, Babbu Maan is from family who used to have trucks and he also has personal interest in trucks so he suggested Pasha to create a film on trucks. Then, Pasha started working on the project and the story was written [[Dheeraj Rattan]] and dialogues by Surmeet Maavi. And hence, the project started and was titled as "Banjara" which refers to "traveller" in Punjabi.

=== Casting ===

As the story consists of three love stories of three generations of a family grandfather, father and son respectively. So, it was difficult task to cast three actors and actress. Then, Pasha suggested Maan to play all three roles as all the characters are from same family and the minor difference would be created by make-up. In all Maan's films every time new faces are seen as he is willing to give chance to new performers in [[Punjabi cinema]] so the three television actresses [[Shraddha Arya]], Jiya Mustafa and Sara Khatri were cast opposite to Maan. The film also stars [[Rana Ranbir]], Gurpreet Bhangu, Rana Ahluwalia in supporting roles.

=== Filming ===

[[Principal photography]] of ''Banjara'' took place in [[Canada]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Suratgarh]], [[Rajasthan]] between January 2018 and February 2018 where Binendra Menon served as a cinematographer.<ref name=":0" /> The principal photography of old part of the film shot in Suratgarh took place in January 2018 whereas next schedule of the film was shot in Canada in February 2018.

== Soundtrack ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Banjara
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Babbu Maan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|11|21}}
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| length = {{Duration|27:43}}
| label = Swag Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The soundtrack of the film is also composed by ''Babbu Maan''. All the songs in the film are written, sung and composed by himself only. All the songs were released on [[iTunes]], [[Google Play Music]] and all other platforms on 21 November 2018 by record label ''Swag Music''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Banjara (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Babbu Maan on iTunes|date=21 November 2018|url=https://itunes.apple.com/album/banjara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1442515318?ls=1&app=itunes|language=en-US|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202162145/https://itunes.apple.com/album/banjara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1442515318?ls=1&app=itunes|url-status=dead}}</ref> "Tralla 2" song from the soundtrack got huge response from audience and has been viewed million times on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Babbu Maan|title=Babbu Maan - Tralla 2 (Official Music Video) Banjara {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song 2018|date=13 November 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncOjvSGRsoc|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113134015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncOjvSGRsoc&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1 = Jua
| extra1 = Babbu Mann
| length1 =

| title2 = Safar
| extra2 = Babbu Mann, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 =

| title3 = Nachne Da Mood
| extra3 = Babbu Mann

| title4 = Tralla 2
| extra4 = Babbu Mann

| title5 = Dil Ta Dil Hai
| extra5 = Babbu Mann
}}

== Release ==

Initially, the film was scheduled to release in mid-2018 later, was postponed to 14 September 2018. In September, the film was postponed second time and was released on 7 December 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Banjara : The Truck Driver Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-details/banjara-the-truck-driver/movieshow/64271553.cms|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130173918/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-details/banjara-the-truck-driver/movieshow/64271553.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The official trailer of the film was launched on 30 October 2018 at [[Elante Mall|Elante Mall, Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punjabnewsexpress.com/entertainment/news/-trailer-release-of-the-movie-banjara-the-truck-driver-star-cast-babbu-maan-rana-ranbir-shradha-arya-jia-mustafa-81482.aspx|title=Trailer release of the movie 'Banjara: The Truck Driver'. Chandigarh|website=punjabnewsexpress.com|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155044/http://punjabnewsexpress.com/entertainment/news/-trailer-release-of-the-movie-banjara-the-truck-driver-star-cast-babbu-maan-rana-ranbir-shradha-arya-jia-mustafa-81482.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Banjara'' was released in 114 theatres worldwide including 49 in India, 31 in North America and 25 in Oceania.

=== Home Media Release ===
The film is now available for streaming on the [[Chaupal (streaming)|Chaupal]] OTT platform.

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===

''Banjara'' has grossed {{estimation}} ₹6.9 crore worldwide in its opening weekend, including {{estimation}} ₹1.65 crore in [[India]] and ₹3.25 crore in other territories including ₹2.54 crore in [[United States]], ₹1.64 crore in [[Canada]], ₹2.1 crore in [[United Kingdom]], ₹17.02 lacs in [[Australia]], ₹7.17 lacs in [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/2-0-nears-5-mil-usd-at-the-north-america-box-office/|title=2.0 nears 5 mil. USD at the North America box office|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=10 December 2018|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212075846/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/2-0-nears-5-mil-usd-at-the-north-america-box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===

''Jasmine Singh'' of [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] gave just 1 star out of 5 and calls the film "Strictly for Babbu Maan fans". Singh criticised the story and dialogues of the film saying, "If you don’t find a storyline, any hard-hitting effective dialogues, you will at least find the truck, in the old and the new versions."

And also criticised the cast, "It is in this phase that Babbu Mann talks in a pre-partition language, which sounds amusing and very forced. The story shifts from here to present day Vancouver where you are numbed by Babbu Mann’s dead pan expression (he lets his eyes do all the talking and acting), Shraddha Arya’s over acting, Rana Ranbir’s completely put on and fake Canadian Punjabi accent, and the omnipresent truck."

In last added, "If you have set out to find anything other than the truck and Babbu Mann in the film, then you will be completely disheartened but if this is all you wanted to see, you’ve hit the right road!"<ref>{{cite news |title=Strictly for Babbu Mann fans |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/movie-review/strictly-for-babbu-mann-fans-694930 |accessdate=26 October 2020 |work=Tribune India |date=7 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030012030/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/movie-review/strictly-for-babbu-mann-fans-694930 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|8665546}}

[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Canadians]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Canadian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 Canadian films]]

Mylavaram, Kadapa

2026-03-19T14:13:46Z

BSHindia: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mylavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14|51|18|N|78|19|59|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Kadapa
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Mylavaram, Kadapa district
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mylavaram''' is a village and a [[Subdivisions of India|mandal]] in [[Kadapa district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/
|title=List of Sub-Districts
|publisher=Census of India
|accessdate=2007-05-23
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kadapa district]]

{{Kadapa-geo-stub}}

Monarchy of Pakistan

2026-03-17T03:30:41Z

BSHindia:

{{short description|Pakistan's head of state from 1947 to 1956}}
{{Distinguish|Princely states of Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title = Monarchy
| realm = Pakistan
| coatofarms = Pakistan Emblem (1947-1954).svg
| coatofarmssize = 120px
| coatofarmscaption = [[Coat of arms of Pakistan|Emblem]] of the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] (1947–1954)
| image = Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = '''Last to reign''' '''[[Elizabeth II]]''' 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956
| first_monarch = [[George VI]]
| last_monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]
| style = [[Majesty|His Majesty]] 1947–1952 [[Majesty|Her Majesty]] 1952–1956
| began = 14 August 1947
| ended = 23 March 1956
}}

From 1947 to 1956, the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] was a self-governing country within the British [[Commonwealth of Nations]] that shared a monarch with the [[United Kingdom]] and the other [[Dominion]]s of the Commonwealth. The monarch's constitutional roles in Pakistan were mostly delegated to a vice-regal representative, the [[governor-general of Pakistan]].

The dominion was created by the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], which [[Partition of India|divided]] [[British Raj|British India]] into two independent sovereign states of [[Dominion of India|India]] and Pakistan. The monarchy was abolished on 23 March 1956, when Pakistan became a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|republic within the Commonwealth]] with a [[President of Pakistan|president]] as its [[head of state]].

==History==

===Reign of George VI (1947–1952)===

[[File:RBI 10 Rupees, King George VI, GoP, obverse.jpg|thumb|George VI, King of Pakistan, on a Pakistani 10-rupee banknote of 1947]]

Under the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], [[British India]] was to be divided into the independent sovereign states of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1952, [[King George VI]] was the sovereign of Pakistan, with Pakistan sharing the sovereign with the [[United Kingdom]] and the other [[Dominion]]s of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33370|title=George VI|access-date=20 April 2008|last=Matthew|first=H. C. G.|date=September 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33370|quote=India and Pakistan remained among the king's dominions but both were set on republican courses, becoming republics within the Commonwealth in 1950 and 1956 respectively.}}</ref><ref name=harshan>{{citation|last1=Kumarasingham|first1=Harshan|title=THE 'TROPICAL DOMINIONS': THE APPEAL OF DOMINION STATUS IN THE DECOLONISATION OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND CEYLON, vol. 23| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23726109 |year=2013|publisher=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|pages=223|jstor=23726109}}</ref><ref name=aman>{{citation|page=184|title=Unravelling the Kashmir Knot|year=2016|author=Aman M. Hingorani|isbn=9789351509721}}</ref>

To mark the independence of Pakistan, the King sent a message of congratulations to its people, which was read by Lord Mountbatten in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. In his message, the King said in "achieving your independence by agreement, you have set an example to all freedom-loving people throughout the world". He told the Pakistani people to be "assured always of my sympathy and support as I watch your continuing efforts to advance the cause of humanity".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434523887_782.pdf|title=His Excellency The Governor-General's Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|date=14 August 1947|work=National Assembly of Pakistan|access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref>

The King appointed [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] as the [[governor-general of Pakistan]] and authorised him to exercise and perform all the powers and duties as his representative in Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Jinnah took the following oath of office:<ref name=dawn/>

{{blockquote|"I, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, do solemnly affirm true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan as by law established and that I will be faithful to His Majesty King George VI, in the office of governor general of Pakistan."}}

[[File:Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London 1949.jpg|thumb|[[Liaquat Ali Khan]], the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], with [[George VI]], King of Pakistan, and other Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London for the [[1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]]]]

Jinnah died of [[tuberculosis]] on 11 September 1948, while in office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jinnah_mohammad_ali.shtml|title=Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)|work=BBC|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref> The King confirmed the appointment of [[Khwaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin]] as the next governor-general by a Royal decree which said:<ref>{{citation|title=Three Presidents, Three Prime Ministers: Fragmentary Recollections of the Author's Days with Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ...|year=1996|isbn=9789694960074|publisher=Dost Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf5tAAAAMAAJ|page=15}}</ref>

{{blockquote|"On the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, His Majesty the King is pleased to appoint Khwaja Nazimuddin as acting governor-general of Pakistan in the vacancy occasioned by the sad demise of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah."}}

In 1951, Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin resigned from the post of governor-general to become the new prime minister. The King appointed [[Ghulam Muhammad (governor-general)|Sir Ghulam Mohammed]] as the third governor-general of Pakistan.<ref>{{citation|title=Current Biography Yearbook|year=1954|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQgaAAAAYAAJ|page=466}}</ref>

King George VI died in his sleep in the early hours of 6 February 1952. The King's death was deeply mourned in Pakistan. In view of the King's death, all government offices in Pakistan remained closed on 7 February. All places of amusement and business-houses closed, and the government cancelled all official engagements. Most Pakistani newspapers were issued with black borders on 7 February. On 15 February, the day of the funeral, a national two minutes' silence was observed throughout Pakistan, and a salute of 56 guns was fired, one for each year of the King's life. All Pakistani flags were flown at half-mast till the day of the funeral.<ref name="The Table: Volumes 20-23">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4SIAAAAMAAJ|title=The Table: Volumes 20-23|year=1952|publisher=Butterworth. |pages=112}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=George VI|author=Denis Judd|year=2012|isbn=9780857730411|publisher=I.B.Tauris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ6LDwAAQBAJ|page=LV}}</ref><ref name=islam>{{citation|title=Islam: 1950-1952|year=2004|publisher=Archive Editions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79UkAQAAMAAJ|page=513| isbn=9781840970708 }}</ref>

In the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]], the Dominion's federal legislature, Prime Minister Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin said that the King's reign will always be remembered by Pakistanis as "the period during which the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent carved out a homeland for themselves".<ref>{{citation|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1|year=1952|publisher=Manager of Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCQBuEd4x4C|volume=1|page=2}}</ref>

===Reign of Elizabeth II (1952–1956)===

[[File:Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference.jpg|thumb|Queen [[Elizabeth II]] with the Commonwealth prime ministers during [[1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference|their conference]] in December 1952. Pakistani Prime Minister [[Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]] is second from the right.]]

Following George VI's death on 6 February 1952, his elder daughter [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] became the new monarch of Pakistan.<ref name=aman/><ref name=Pillalamarriwhenqueen>{{Cite magazine|last=Pillalamarri|first=Akhilesh|title=When Elizabeth II Was Queen of Pakistan|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/when-elizabeth-ii-was-queen-of-pakistan/|access-date=2021-08-27|magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en-US}}</ref> She was [[Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II|proclaimed Queen]] throughout her realms, including in Pakistan, where she was honoured with a [[21-gun salute]] on 8 February.<ref>{{citation|first1=Brian|last1=Barker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGdnAAAAMAAJ|title=When the Queen was crowned|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1976|pages=29|isbn=9780710083975}}</ref><ref name=islam/><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2lKAQAAIAAJ|title=Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The dominions and India since 1900|year=1985|publisher=Greenwood Press|pages=183| isbn=9780313273261 }}</ref><ref name="The Table: Volumes 20-23"/>

Andrew Michie wrote in 1952 that "Elizabeth II embodies in her own person many monarchies", as she was Queen of the United Kingdom, but was also equally Queen of Pakistan. He added that it was "now possible for Elizabeth II to be, in practice as well as theory, equally Queen in all her realms".<ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lXwzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22equally+queen%22+%22elizabeth+II%22 |last = Michie |first = Allan Andrew |title = The Crown and the People |page = 52|publisher = Secker & Warburg |location = London |year = 1952 |access-date = 14 September 2017 }}</ref>

[[File:Queen Elizabeth II on her Coronation Day.jpg|thumb|[[Coronation gown of Elizabeth II|The Queen's coronation gown]] was embroidered with the three emblems of Pakistan: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.]]

During [[Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II|her coronation]] in 1953, [[Elizabeth II]] was crowned as Queen of Pakistan and other independent Commonwealth realms.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II|website = [[YouTube]]| date=27 January 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGLN1kREJ2Q&t=280s|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> In her [[coronation]] oath, the Queen promised "to govern the Peoples of … Pakistan … according to their respective laws and customs".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/coronation/cor1953b.html |title=The Form and Order of Service that is to be performed and the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, on Tuesday, the second day of June, 1953 |publisher=Oremus.org |access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref> The [[Coronation gown of Elizabeth II|Queen's coronation gown]] was embroidered with the floral emblems of each [[Commonwealth nation]], and it featured the three emblems of Pakistan: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal; cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk; and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fashion-era.com/coronation_dress.htm|title=Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Gown|publisher=Fashion Era|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606002208/https://fashion-era.com/coronation_dress.htm|access-date=30 April 2011|archive-date=2011-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Queen of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5y9LDwAAQBAJ|date=2018|first1=Robert|last1=Hardman|publisher=Random House|isbn=9781473549647}}</ref>

The Standard of Pakistan at the Coronation was borne by [[Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40020 |date=17 November 1953 |page=6240 |supp=1 }}</ref> Major-General Mohd. Yusuf Khan served as the head of Pakistan's Coronation Contingent.<ref name=pakcoro/> Pakistani naval vessels [[PNS Zulfiqar (K265)|HMPS ''Zulfiqar'']] and [[PNS Jhelum|HMPS ''Jhelum'']] took part in the [[Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)|Coronation Review of the fleet]] at [[Spithead]] on 15 June 1953,<ref>Souvenir Programme, ''Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953'', HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://cloudobservers.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/05/07.-Jul-Spithead-Review-1953.pdf| title=Coronation Review of the Fleet| last=Day| first=A.| date=22 May 1953| publisher=Cloud Observers Association| access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{citation|page=167|title=Pakistan| year=1952 |publisher=Pakistan Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ad8TAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> which cost approximately 81,000 rupees.<ref>{{citation|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng3Ap3gOD8wC|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature|year=1953}}</ref>

Eighty seats were reserved for Pakistanis in the Abbey for the Coronation.<ref name=pakcoro>{{citation|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 2|page=469|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng3Ap3gOD8wC|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature|year=1953}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]], also attended the Coronation on 2 June, along with his wife and two sons,<ref>{{citation|title=Pakistan Affairs: Volumes 5-6|year=1951|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElY8AQAAIAAJ|page=1|volume=6}}</ref> after which he attended the [[1953 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference|Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]] from 3 June to 9 June 1953, in London.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schofield|first1=Victoria|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|date=2000|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781860648984|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC |page=85 |access-date=9 July 2017|language=en |chapter=Special Status}}</ref>

The Government of Pakistan spent approximately 482,000 rupees for the Queen's Coronation. Prime Minister Bogra justified the expenditure by saying that Pakistan being a member of the Commonwealth "has to fall in line with other sister Dominions on such occasions".<ref>{{citation|page=890|title=Debates. Official Report|year=1953|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oHodAAAAIAAJ|author=Pakistan. Constituent Assembly (1947-1954). Legislature}}</ref>

In 1953, [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]] [[Ghulam Muhammad (governor-general)|Sir Ghulam Muhammad]] dismissed Prime Minister [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]] for attempting to equalise the power of West and [[East Pakistan]]. The prime minister attempted to reverse this decision by pleading to the Queen, but she refused to intervene. Citing this incident, Akhilesh Pillalamarri of ''[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]'' wrote that "She deliberately kept from interfering in the country and her governors-general were presidents of Pakistan in all but name."<ref name=Pillalamarriwhenqueen/>

At the [[1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]], the Prime Minister of Pakistan informed fellow Commonwealth leaders that Pakistan would be adopting a republican constitution, but desired Pakistan to remain a member of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth leaders issued a declaration on 4 February, in which it was said:<ref>{{citation|page=44|title=The Commonwealth at the Summit: Communiqués of Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings, 1944-1986|year=1987|isbn=9780850923179|author=Commonwealth Secretariat|publisher=Commonwealth Secretariat}}</ref><ref>{{citation|page=115|title=Commonwealth Survey: Volume 1|year=1955|publisher=Central Office of Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MeMDAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

{{blockquote|The Government of Pakistan have informed the other Governments of the Commonwealth of the intention of the Pakistan people that under the new Constitution which is about to be adopted, Pakistan shall become a sovereign independent Republic. The Government of Pakistan, have, however, declared and affirmed Pakistan's desire to continue her full membership of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and her acceptance of the Queen as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations, and as such the Head of the Commonwealth.}}

In 1955, the Pakistani Government recommended to the Queen that [[Iskander Mirza]] should succeed Sir Ghulam Muhammad as the next governor-general, the Queen's representative in Pakistan. On 19 September, it was officially announced that the Queen had appointed Mirza to be the governor-general, with effect from 6 October 1955. Mirza took office after the [[Royal sign-manual]] from the Queen was read out.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCNuAAAAMAAJ|pages=220, 225|title=Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President|year=1997|author=Aḥmad Salīm|publisher=Gora Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958|author=Syed Nur Ahmad|year=2019|isbn=9780429716560|publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51SsDwAAQBAJ|quote=Then Muhammad Ali presented the letter to the cabinet and proposed that the cabinet recommend to the Queen that the application for leave be accepted and that General Iskandar Mirza be appointed acting governor-general. The cabinet agreed and the decision was announced immediately. The next day the Queen gave her sanction and Iskandar Mirza took the oath of office.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Iskander Mirza, Rise and Fall of a President|author=Aḥmad Salīm|year=1997|publisher=Gora Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCNuAAAAMAAJ|pages=220}}</ref>

The Queen also congratulated the retiring governor-general, Sir Ghulam Mohammad, on the manner in which he carried out his duties as the governor-general.<ref>{{citation|page=294|title=Iskander Mirza Speaks: Speeches, Statements and Private Papers|year=1997|publisher=Gora Publishers|author=Iskandar Mirzā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXjjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===Abolition===

The Pakistani monarchy was abolished on the adoption of a [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|republican constitution]] on [[Republic Day (Pakistan)|23 March 1956]].<ref name="Bowman2000">{{cite book|author=John Stewart Bowman|title=Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john|url-access=registration|access-date=22 March 2011|year=2000|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-11004-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john/page/372 372]}}</ref> Pakistan became a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|republic within the Commonwealth of Nations]]. The Queen sent a message to the [[President of Pakistan|new president]] Major-General Mirza, in which she said: "I have followed with close interest the progress of your country since its establishment ... It is a source of great satisfaction to me to know that your country intends to remain within the Commonwealth. I am confident that Pakistan and other countries of the Commonwealth will continue to thrive and to benefit from their mutual association".<ref>{{citation|title=Queen Elizabeth Sends Message |date=9 April 1956|work=Pakistan Affairs |volume=9 |issue=6|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVEdAQAAMAAJ|page=7}}</ref>

The Queen visited Pakistan as [[Head of the Commonwealth]] in 1961 and 1997, accompanied by [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx|title=Commonwealth visits since 1952|website=Official website of the British monarchy|access-date=4 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412031035/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/Commonwealthvisitssince1952.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

Pakistan left the Commonwealth in 1972 over the issue of the former [[East Pakistan]] province becoming independent as [[Bangladesh]]. It rejoined in 1989, then was [[Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations|suspended from the Commonwealth]] twice: firstly from 18 October 1999 to 22 May 2004 and secondly from 22 November 2007 to 22 May 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16908628|title=Profile: Commonwealth of Nations - Timeline |work=BBC News|date=26 September 2014|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="200px">
Nazir-Ahmed-Queen-Elizabeth.jpg|The Queen with [[Nazir Ahmed (physicist)|Nazir Ahmed]], chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Queenelizabeth-chittagongG1.jpg|Queen Elizabeth II visiting [[Chittagong]], [[East Pakistan]], in 1961
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in Pakistan 2019.png|The [[William, Prince of Wales|Duke]] and [[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Duchess of Cambridge]] during their tour of Pakistan in 2019
</gallery>

==Title==

[[File:Gazette of Pakistan.jpg|thumb|The proclamation of the Queen's title published in ''The Gazette of Pakistan'', 29 May 1953]]

Before 1953, the monarch's title was same throughout all realms and territories. It was agreed at the Commonwealth Economic Conference in London in December 1952 that each of the [[Commonwealth realm|Queen's realms]], including Pakistan, could adopt its own royal titles for the monarch.<ref name=kc/><ref>{{citation|title=Queen & Commonwealth: 90 Glorious Years|year=2016|publisher=Henley Media Group|pages=61|url=https://commonwealthbc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/QC_90_Glorious_Years_LR.pdf|isbn=9780992802066}}</ref> The Queen's official title in Pakistan, per the official proclamation in ''The Gazette of Pakistan'' on 29 May 1953, was "Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth".<ref name=kc>{{cite journal |journal=American Political Science Review |volume=47 |issue=4 |page=1022 |year=1953 |title=The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth |first=K.C. |last=Wheare |author-link=K. C. Wheare |jstor=1951122 |doi=10.2307/1951122|s2cid=147443295 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ndl.gov.in/document/Uzg1V0h1RVo2WjZqMTJmQXRybjB6alVpdXh1cXowcS9rRVA5TVp1dTBpYz0 The Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Karachi, Friday, May 29, 1953]</ref>

As Pakistan was a Muslim-majority country, the phrases ''[[by the Grace of God]]'' and ''[[Defender of the Faith]]'' were omitted. The title "Defender of the Faith" reflected the Sovereign's position as the [[supreme governor of the Church of England]], who is thus formally superior to the [[archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name=kc/>

== Constitutional role ==

Pakistan was one of the [[Commonwealth realm|realms]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] that shared the same person as [[Sovereign#Head of State|Sovereign]] and head of state.<ref name=harshan/>

Effective with the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], no British government minister could advise the sovereign on any matters pertaining to Pakistan, meaning that on all matters of the [[Dominion of Pakistan]], the monarch was advised solely by Pakistani [[Minister of the Crown|ministers of the Crown]].<ref>{{citation|title=From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958|author=Syed Nur Ahmad|year=2019|isbn=9780429716560|publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51SsDwAAQBAJ|quote=The British High Commissioner treated Nazimuddin with the utmost respect and after hearing his plea agreed that Queen Elizabeth was monarch of both Britain and Pakistan. However, it was necessary to make a distinction between the two. If Nazimuddin wished to put his case before the Queen of Pakistan he was free to do so, but the High Commissioner was a representative of the Queen of Great Britain only and was in Pakistan in that capacity alone. He was not the representative of the Queen of Pakistan and could not be an intermediary for talks between Nazimuddin and his Queen.}}</ref> All Pakistani bills required [[Royal assent]].<ref name=dawn>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/783530/transfer-of-power-and-jinnah|title=Transfer of power and Jinnah |work=DAWN|date=4 February 2013|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> The Pakistani monarch was represented in the [[Dominion]] by the [[governor-general of Pakistan]], who was appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Pakistani Government.<ref>{{citation|title=Political development in Pakistan|isbn=9781400876389|year=1965|author=Karl Von Vorys|publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h_WCgAAQBAJ|page=272}}</ref>

===The Crown and Government===

[[File:Muhammad Ali Jinnah sitting on the Chair of Governer General wearing a Sherwani.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], seated on the throne of Pakistan, carrying out official duties as the monarch's representative]]

The Pakistani monarch and the federal legislature constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with the sovereign.<ref>{{citation|title=The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy|author=Allen McGrath|year=1996|isbn=9780195775839|publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0FuAAAAMAAJ|page=270}}</ref> All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with the granting of [[Royal Assent]], done by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign.<ref name=ggp/> The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, [[Legislative session|proroguing]], and [[dissolution of Parliament|dissolving]] the Federal Legislature.<ref name=ggp/> The governor-general had the power to choose and appoint the Council of Ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at the pleasure of the governor-general.<ref name=ggp/>

===The Crown and Foreign affairs===



Pakistani ambassadors and representatives to foreign countries were accredited by the monarch in his or her capacity as the Sovereign of Pakistan and Pakistani envoys sent abroad required royal approval. The letters of credence and [[letters of recall]] were formerly issued by the monarch.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=68NDXmv4Wd8C|page=510|title=Digest of International Law: Volume 1|year=1963|author=Marjorie Millace Whiteman|publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyAOAQAAMAAJ|page=70|title=Department of State Publication: Issue 8512|year=1970|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}</ref>

===The Crown and the Courts===

Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the ''fount of justice''.<ref>{{citation|last1=Davis|first1=Reginald|title=Elizabeth, our Queen|year=1976|publisher=Collins|isbn=9780002112338|pages=36}}</ref> In Pakistan, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for [[indictment|indictable]] offences were brought in the sovereign's name in the form of ''The Crown versus [Name]''.<ref>{{citation|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report · Volume 1|year=1952|publisher=Manager of Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCQBuEd4x4C|pages=535}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Pakistan Law Reports: Lahore series · Volume 9, Part 2|year=1956|publisher=Government Book Depot.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUXWfDF3bIwC|pages=1159, 1161}}</ref> Hence, the [[common law]] held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the [[Sovereign immunity|monarch cannot be prosecuted]] in his or her own courts for criminal offences.<ref>{{Halsbury|12(1)|Crown Proceedings and Crown Practice|101}}</ref> The governor-general of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court.<ref name=ggp>{{citation|last1=Bin Sayeed|first1=Khalid|title=The Governor-General of Pakistan|journal=Pakistan Horizon| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41392177 |year=1955|volume=8|issue=2|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs|pages=330–339|jstor=41392177}}</ref>

==Vice-regal residences==

The representative of the Pakistani monarch officially resided at [[Governor's House (Karachi)|Governor-General's House]], in the city of [[Karachi]]. All four governors-general lived there until 1956, when the monarchy was abolished, and the residence was renamed President's House.<ref name=gghouse/>

All oath taking ceremonies were held at the Darbar Hall of Governor-General's House. The Hall also contains a throne which was made for [[King Edward VII]] during his tour of India as [[Prince of Wales]] in 1876, and was also used by [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] during the [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|Delhi Durbar]] in 1911. All governors-general took salutes at the terrace of the house on national days as the contingents of guards marched past.<ref name=gghouse>{{cite web|url=http://www.governorsindh.gov.pk/history/|title=History of the Governor House|work=Governor of Sindh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203232007/http://www.governorsindh.gov.pk/history/ |archive-date=3 February 2011}}</ref>

==Cultural role==

===The Crown and Honours===

Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the [[fount of honour]].<ref>{{citation|title=Commonwealth Journal: The Journal of the Royal Commonwealth Society · Volumes 12-14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inArAQAAMAAJ|pages=99|year=1969|publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society}}</ref> Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Pakistan, conferred awards and honours in Pakistan in his or her name. Most of them were awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Pakistan Ministers" (or "Her Majesty's Pakistan Ministers").<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39737 |date=30 December 1952 |page=49 |supp=6 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40057 |date=29 December 1953 |page=49 |supp=5 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40673 |date=30 December 1955 |page=49 |supp=5 }}</ref>

;See also:
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[1951 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1951 New Year Honours]]
*[[1951 Birthday Honours#Pakistan|1951 Birthday Honours]]
*[[1952 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1952 New Year Honours]]
*[[1952 Birthday Honours#Pakistan|1952 Birthday Honours]]
*[[1953 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1953 New Year Honours]]
*[[1953 Coronation Honours (Pakistan)|1953 Coronation Honours]]
*[[1954 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1954 New Year Honours]]
*[[1954 Birthday Honours#Pakistan|1954 Birthday Honours]]
*[[1955 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1955 New Year Honours]]
*[[1955 Birthday Honours#Pakistan|1955 Birthday Honours]]
*[[1956 New Year Honours#Pakistan|1956 New Year Honours]]
}}

===The Crown and the Defence Force===

The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the [[Pakistan Defence Force]]. It was reflected in Pakistan's naval vessels, which bore the prefix ''HMPS'', i.e., ''Her Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' (or ''His Majesty's Pakistan Ship'' during the reign of George VI).<ref>{{citation|last1=Shukal|first1=Om Prakash|title=Excellence In Life|year=2007|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788121209632|pages=332}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Navy]] and the [[Pakistan Air Force]] were known as [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] and [[Royal Pakistan Air Force]] respectively. The prefix "Royal" was dropped when the Pakistani monarchy was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.html|title=PN History |work=Pakistan Navy|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paf.gov.pk/#/history|title=Infancy to Independence |work=Pakistan Air Force|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

===Pakistani royal symbols===

<gallery class="center" widths="200px">
Flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan (1952–1956).svg|The flag of the [[governor-general of Pakistan]] featuring [[St Edward's Crown]]
Pakistan stamp.jpg|A Pakistani stamp featuring [[King George VI]]
Royal Pakistan Air Force flying badge.jpeg|Flying badge of the [[Royal Pakistan Air Force]] (RPAF) featuring the [[Tudor Crown]]
Pakistan Independence Medal 1947 (Obverse).jpg|The obverse of the 1949 [[Pakistan Medal]] bearing the [[royal cypher]] of King George VI
Badge of Baluch Regiment 1945-56.jpg|The badge of [[10th Baluch Regiment|Baluch Regiment]], [[Pakistan Army]], featuring the Tudor Crown
</gallery>

==List of Pakistani monarchs==

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | No.
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:20%;" |Regnal name (Birth–Death)
! colspan=2 |Reign
! rowspan="2" | Full name
! rowspan="2" | Consort
! rowspan="2" |Royal House
|-
!Start
!End
|- style="background:#eee;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''1'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:King George VI.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''[[George VI]]''' (1895–1952)
|14 August 1947
|6 February 1952
|Albert Frederick Arthur George
|[[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
|[[House of Windsor|Windsor]]
|-
| colspan="5" |Governors-general: [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]], [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Sir Ghulam Muhammad]] Prime ministers: [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
|- style="background:#eee;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''2'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Queen Elizabeth II in Coronation Robes.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''[[Elizabeth II]]''' (1926–2022)
|6 February 1952
|23 March 1956
|Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip Mountbatten]]
|[[House of Windsor|Windsor]]
|-
| colspan="5" |Governors-general: [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Sir Ghulam Muhammad]], [[Iskander Mirza]] Prime ministers: [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]], [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]], [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of heads of state of Pakistan]]
* [[List of sovereign states headed by Elizabeth II]]
* [[List of prime ministers of George VI]]
* [[List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II]]
* [[List of Commonwealth visits made by Elizabeth II]]
* [[List of the last monarchs in Asia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20240316204121/https://natedsanders.com/queen_elizabeth_ii_typed_letter_signed____sent_to_-lot36567.aspx Letter of credence for the Pakistani Ambassador to the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, from Queen Elizabeth II to King Faisal II of Iraq, 24 January 1955]

{{Heads of State of Pakistan}}
{{Commonwealth realms}}
{{Pakistan topics}}
{{George VI}}
{{Elizabeth II}}

[[Category:Government of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Politics of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Commonwealth realms|Pakistan]]
[[Category:Heads of state of Pakistan]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former Commonwealth monarchies|Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Political history of Pakistan]]

My Dear Kuttichathan

2026-03-16T17:50:23Z

BSHindia: Improved article clarity and structure

{{other uses|Kuttichathan (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = My Dear Kuttichathan
| image = My Dear Kuttichathan.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Jijo Punnoose]]
| producer = [[Navodaya Appachan]] Jose Punnoose
| writer = [[Raghunath Paleri]]
| starring = [[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]] 
[[Dalip Tahil]] [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]] Master Aravind Master Mukesh Surya Kiran [[Rajan P. Dev]] [[Jagathi Sreekumar]] [[Jagadish]] [[Nedumudi Venu]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]]
| editing = T. R. Sekar
| studio = [[Navodaya Appachan|Navodaya Studios]]
| distributor = [[Navodaya Appachan|Navodaya Release]]
| released = {{Film date|1984|8|24|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 97 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INRConvert|45|l}}<ref name="cost" />
| gross = {{INRConvert|10.5|c}}<ref name="hi" />
}}

'''''My Dear Kuttichathan''''' ({{translation|My dear little goblin}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[children's fantasy]] film directed by [[Jijo Punnoose]] and produced by his father [[Navodaya Appachan]] under [[Navodaya Studio]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2003 |title=Casting a Magic spell |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/15/stories/2003051500260100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104184849/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/15/stories/2003051500260100.htm |archive-date=4 November 2003 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was the first Indian film to be filmed in [[3D film|3D format]]. With screenplay by [[Raghunath Paleri]], the story revolves around a mystical indigenous [[goblin]] called "[[Kuttichathan]]" who is under the spell of an evil sorcerer, however it gets released by three children and then befriends them. The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with cinematography and editing by [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]] and T. R. Shekhar, respectively. It was the debut film of actors [[P. V. Jagadish Kumar|Jagadish]] and [[A. C. Zainuddin|Zainuddin]].

The film was well received and grossed over {{INR}}2.5 [[crore]] at the box office.<ref name="hi" /> Originally filmed in Malayalam, a re-edited version was re-released in 1997 with additional scenes of [[Kalabhavan Mani]], which makes it the first DTS movie in Malayalam. It was dubbed in Hindi as ''Chhota Chetan'' in 1998, which was also a box office success grossing {{INR}}10.30 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=14 November 2016 |title=Children's Day: 10 memorable Bollywood films |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/djhr8pnc7PcV5dguS98WXJ/Ten-memorable-Bollywood-childrens-films.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117193232/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/djhr8pnc7PcV5dguS98WXJ/Ten-memorable-Bollywood-childrens-films.html |archive-date=17 November 2018 |access-date=17 November 2018 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> Scenes with [[Urmila Matondkar]] were added for the Hindi version. In 2010, further scenes were added in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with [[Prakash Raj]] and [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and was released as ''Chutti Chathan''. A new re-mastered version with additional footage was released on 25 August 2011.

== Plot ==
The character "[[Kuttichathan]]" is formed based on the specialties of a deity [[goblin]] popularly known as "Chathan" who is worshiped mainly in the south Indian state of Kerala. There are cruel magicians everywhere in the world. One of them is Karimbhootham (black magician), who enslaved an invisible spirit with his magic spells, whom he calls "Kuttichathan" ("Little Goblin" in English and "Chhota Chetan" in Hindi). Two boys and a girl befriend Kuttichathan by accident and release him from the grip of the magician.

On the way, Kuttichathan meets Ashish, a member of the police, who is after Karimbhootham.

They understand that this Chathan is friendly to kids and is a very good friend. Therefore, the girl promises to keep Kuttichathan in her house for two reasons: one, her father drinks too much, so she wants Chathan, who is a very good magician, to make him come to his senses, as after her mother died, there is no one to control him; second, Chathan, despite being a small boy, also drinks a lot. He could drink and finish off all that her father drinks, thereby changing her father's attitude.

At the same time, the cruel magician wants the Kuttichathan to lay his hands on a treasure. Even though the magician is the owner of the Kuttichathan, he is burnt and killed by the Chathan in the climax. Chathan then turns into a bat and flies away.

== Cast ==

{{colbegin}}
* M. P. Ramnath/Master Aravind – Kuttichathan (voice of invisible Kuttichatan by [[Nedumudi Venu]])
* [[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]] – The Cruel Magician
* [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]] – Laxmi
* [[Surya Kiran (director)|Master Suresh]] — Vijay
* Master Arvind — Vinod
* Master Mukesh
* [[Dalip Tahil]] – Laxmi's father
* [[Alummoodan]]
* P. A. Latheef
* Aman M. A.
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] (Added Portion in 1998)
* [[Zainuddin (actor)|Sainuddin]] – Bartender
* [[Rajan P. Dev]] – School Teacher
* [[Jagadeesh]] – Cabaret Announcer
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Dakshinenthya Manthravaadhi (Added Portion in 1998)
* [[Kallapetti Singaram]] — Rickshaw driver'
* [[Indrans]] as traffic policeman (added portion in 1998)
* [[Salim Kumar]] (Added Portion in 1998)
* [[Nadirshah]] (Added Portion in 1998)
{{colend}}
; Hindi version
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as invisible voice of Chota Chetan
* [[Urmila Matondkar]] – Miss Hawa Hawaii
* [[Dalip Tahil]] – Laxmi's father
* [[Satish Kaushik]] – Professor Chashmish
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] – Baba Khondol, the cruel magician
* [[Ravi Baswani]] – Raja
* [[Harish Kumar (actor)|Harish Kumar]] – Mr. Anthony Gonsalves

; Tamil version
*[[Prakash Raj]] – The Cruel Magician (Added Portion in 2010)
*[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] — Scientist (Added Portion in 2010)
*The film was introduced by cameo appearances from [[Prem Nazir]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rajinikanth]], [[Chiranjeevi]], and [[Jeetendra]] in the opening sequence in all languages

== Production ==
=== Development ===
''My Dear Kuttichathan'' was the first Indian film to be filmed in 3D.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2003 |title=3D fad back with a vengeance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/03/24/stories/2003032402160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114162506/https://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/03/24/stories/2003032402160200.htm |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=20 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Jijo Punnoose]], son of Navodaya Appachan made his directorial debut with this film. After ''[[Padayottam (1982 film)|Padayottam]]'' (1982), Jijo decided to direct a 3D film after getting inspired by an article in ''American Cinematographer'' shown to him by cinematographer Ramachandra Babu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 June 2017 |title=Cinematography students told to observe life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Cinematography-students-told-to-observe-life/article16251304.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114162506/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Cinematography-students-told-to-observe-life/article16251304.ece |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=20 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="fc">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=12 November 2018 |title=My Dear Kuttichathan: The Unforgettable Story of India's First 3D Film |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/my-dear-kuttichathan-the-unforgettable-story-of-indias-first-3d-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125075043/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/my-dear-kuttichathan-the-unforgettable-story-of-indias-first-3d-film/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=13 November 2018 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

==== Technology ====
To understand the technology, Jijo travelled multiple trips to Burbank, California and bought sample reels of 3D films and held a preview in his studio.<ref name="hi" /> Appachan who was thoroughly convinced decided to produce this film under the allocated budget of 40 lakhs.<ref name="fc" /> David Schmier worked as the film's stereographer along with the film's cinematographer to ensure multiple images converge for 3D effect.<ref name="fc" />

Jijo travelled to the United States once again where he met Chris Condon, an expert in 3D technology. Jijo bought the special camera lens and after much discussion Chris agreed to assist Jijo in his film.<ref name="hi" /> The required equipment needed for the film had to be imported from the United States and Jijo managed to do this with the help of his friend, Thomas J Easaw.<ref name="hi" />

==== Script ====
For the 3D film, the makers wanted a universal theme in order to appeal children. Jijo carried the idea of a friendly ghost for years, he sought the opinion of people such as Anant Pai and Padmarajan for the film's writing. Raghunath Paleri came on board as the film's writer, took all the inputs from the experts and created the plot of three kids and a ghost. Paleri cited he wrote the script in such a way "that would have worked even if it was 2D".<ref name="fc" />

=== Casting ===
S. L. Puram Anand, who worked as a production executive for this film revealed that Jijo wanted to do this film with an entirely new cast. Anand suggested Dalip Tahil for the supporting role.<ref name="hi">{{Cite news |last=Chelangad |first=Saju |date=2 April 2018 |title=Jijo and his 3D dream that resulted in 'My Dear Kuttichathan' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jijo-and-his-3d-dream-that-resulted-in-my-dear-kuttichathan/article23415321.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114163829/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jijo-and-his-3d-dream-that-resulted-in-my-dear-kuttichathan/article23415321.ece |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Sonia Bose and MD Ramnoth were cast as child artists.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2018 |title=Children's day out with cast of Kuttichathan |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/200518/childrens-day-out-with-cast-of-kuttichathan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618135041/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/200518/childrens-day-out-with-cast-of-kuttichathan.html |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The latter portrayed the titular character.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Asha |date=8 November 2017 |title='My dear Kuttichathan' leads a quiet life now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-dear-kuttichathan-leads-a-quiet-life-now/articleshow/61561782.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181114094524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-dear-kuttichathan-leads-a-quiet-life-now/articleshow/61561782.cms |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Ashok Kumar handled cinematography for the film, thus making him the first cinematographer in India to have shot a 3D film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |date=25 March 1999 |title='Alas, realistic movies are dead' |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/25asho.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044927/http://in.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/25asho.htm |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2017 |title=He created magic with movie camera |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/he-created-magic-with-movie-camera/article6529512.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065245/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/he-created-magic-with-movie-camera/article6529512.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> T. K. Rajeev Kumar, who went on to become a famous director, started his career as an assistant director with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |date=12 May 2000 |title='I had no plans to direct a Hindi film' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/12raj.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135327/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/12raj.htm |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

In the Hindi version shot in 1997, [[Shakti Kapoor]] plays the part of a magician (originally played by Alummoodan) who tries to catch Chetan, but gets trapped in a mirror. [[Prakash Raj]] did this role in its re-released Tamil version released in 2010. [[Satish Kaushik]] plays the part of [[Jagathi Sreekumar]] as a scientist who also tries to catch Chetan, but gets destroyed. This character was played as [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] in 2010 version.

=== Filming ===
Despite proper planning, the filming took around 90 days to complete, three times the schedule of a normal film.<ref name="fc" /> The budget for the lighting was higher than a 2D film. The filming was held at Navodaya Studios and places around the Kakkanad area.<ref name="hi" /> For the famous scene of walking on the wall, Paleri suggested the sequence to be converted into a song.<ref name="fc" /> The song "Aalipazham Perukka" took 14 days to be completed.<ref name="fc" />

K. Sheker and Jijo decided on a rectangular-shaped rotating room to suit the wider, landscape-like nature of the 3D frame. Jijo then entrusted SILK (Steel Industrial Kerala) with the task of constructing a steel structure on the room, made of timber. The octagonal structure, weighing 25 tonnes, was completed in a month's time. Six men on either side would rotate it to create the illusion that the kids were walking 360 degrees around the room.<ref name="fc" /> The original Malayalam film was made at a cost of {{INR}}35 [[lakh]].<ref name="cost">{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=28 February 1985 |title=Producer Appachen creates Indian motion picture history with My Dear Kuttichathen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850228-producer-appachen-creates-indian-motion-picture-history-with-my-dear-kuttichathen-769824-2013-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822160945/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850228-producer-appachen-creates-indian-motion-picture-history-with-my-dear-kuttichathen-769824-2013-11-27 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = My Dear Kuttichathan [Malayalam]
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1984
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =JS Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| headline = My Dear Kuttichathan [Malayalam]<ref>{{Cite web |title=My Dear Kuttichathan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/my-dear-kuttichathan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1634439694 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203033931/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/my-dear-kuttichathan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1634439694 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref>
| all_lyrics = [[Bichu Thirumala]]
| all_music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]

| title1 = Aalippazham Perukkaan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://aalippazham.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125030457/http://aalippazham.in/ |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref>
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]

| title2 = Minnaaminungum
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], Choir

| title3 = Thrilokam Thilangum
| extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]]

| title4 = Chirakaattykkili
| extra4 = K. J. Yesudas

| title5 = Thithithey Thaalam
| extra5 = [[Bhavatharini]]
}}

{{Infobox album
| name = Chhota Chetan [Hindi]
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Anu Malik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1998
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| headline = Chhota Chetan [Hindi]
| all_music = [[Anu Malik]]
| title1 = Chhota Chetan
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| title2 = Ek Jaadu Hone Wala Hai
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| title3 = Jo Tum Kaho
| extra3 = [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| title4 = Jo Tum Kaho (II)
| extra4 = [[Aditya Narayan]], [[Anmol Malik]], [[Dominique Cerejo]]
| title5 = Ringa Ringa Ro
| extra5 = Shankar Mahadevan
| title6 = Parody Song
| extra6 = [[Shabbir Kumar]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| title7 = Billi Boli Miyaoon
| extra7 = Shabbir Kumar, Anuradha Paudwal
| title8 = Bombai Ban Gayi Mumbai
| extra8 = Aditya Narayan
}}

{{Infobox album
| name = My Dear Kutti Chathan [Tamil]
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1984
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
;1984 version<ref>{{Cite web |title=My dear Kuttichathan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/my-dear-kuttichathan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102162655/https://mossymart.com/product/my-dear-kuttichathan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja-2/ |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| headline = Chutti Chathan [Tamil]
| all_music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| title1 = Chinnakuzhandhaigale
| extra1 = [[Vani Jayaram]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| title2 = Poovaadai Kaatru
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Choir]]
}}
;2010 version
'''Chutti Chathan'''
This version had new songs composed by [[Sharreth]] including re-created version of "Chinna Kuzhandhaigale" (Aalipazham Perukka). The lyrics was written by Madhan Karky.
*Kuttichathan Vanthenda – [[K. S. Chithra]]
*Andhara Tharagai – Sajjla
*Boom Boom Chathan – Sharreth & Chorus
*Ulagame Odidaathe – [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]

== Release ==
The film was released in 1984 along with dubbed versions in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi.<ref name="hi" /> The Telugu and Hindi versions were titled ''Chinnari Chethana'' and ''Chhota Chetan'' respectively. All the versions proved to be successful.<ref name="chota">{{Cite news |date=8 May 2000 |title='Chota' dose of fun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2000/05/08/stories/09080222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114162506/https://www.thehindu.com/2000/05/08/stories/09080222.htm |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> For the watching experience, special lenses had to be attached to the projectors in theatres.<ref name="fc" />

Navodaya distributed the film by themselves in Kerala. [[Keyaar]] distributed the Tamil version of the film. The Tamil version also became successful, surpassing bigger films.<ref name="fc" /> The film's release also attracted rumours that the use of 3D glasses was spreading [[conjunctivitis]], which was dubbed "Madras Eye". These rumours prompted the makers to add footage before the film began with prominent actors [[Prem Nazir]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Rajinikanth]], [[Chiranjeevi]] and others explaining that the glasses were sterilised after each use.<ref name="fc" />

Reviewing the Tamil dubbed version, Balumani of ''Anna'' newspaper praised the 3D effects and called it an entertaining film for children.<ref>{{cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=11 November 1984 |title=மை டியர் குட்டிச்சாத்தான் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_24/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250626103239/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_24/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2025 |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film was commercial success and highest grossing Malayalam film at that time, which collected ₹ 2.5 crore from box office and it's Hindi dubbed version ''Chota Chetan'' also collected ₹ 1.3 crore from box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=14 November 2016 |title=Children's Day: 10 memorable Bollywood films |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/djhr8pnc7PcV5dguS98WXJ/Ten-memorable-Bollywood-childrens-films.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117193232/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/djhr8pnc7PcV5dguS98WXJ/Ten-memorable-Bollywood-childrens-films.html |archive-date=17 November 2018 |access-date=17 November 2018 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> The film ran over 365 days in Trivandrum, 250 days in both Chennai and Mumbai and 150 days in both Bengaluru and Hyderabad box office.

=== Re-releases ===
The film was re-released in 1997 which was also highly successful at the box office; it had earned 60 times its initial investment.<ref name="hi" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2011 |title=Cinema's born-again avatar |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/3d-format-rediscovered-by-hollywood-bollywood/story/17544.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710133308/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/3d-format-rediscovered-by-hollywood-bollywood/story/17544.html |archive-date=10 July 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]}}</ref> The Hindi version was re-released by Nitin Manmohan in 1997, with additional scenes which involved Urmila Matondkar and other Hindi actors.<ref name="chota" /> In 2010, [[Sri Thenandal Films]] re-released the Tamil version, titled ''Chutti Chathan'' in 2010, with added scenes starring Santhanam and Prakash Raj.

== Legacy ==
The film inspired similar kinds of films in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2010 |title=Magic Formula |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/magic-formula/603721/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025064003/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/magic-formula/603721/ |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=29 April 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The optical illusion house set used in the song "Aalipazham Perukkaan" was built in Kishkinta Theme Park, near [[Tambaram]], Chennai.
<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=6 May 2005 |title=Now defy gravity, visit Kishkinta |url=https://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/05/06/stories/2005050613800200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114101041/https://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/05/06/stories/2005050613800200.htm |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=20 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Kuttichathan'' has also been cited as an inspiration for the feature films ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]'' (2024) and ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'' (2025).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0280968}}
* [http://www.netmoviebank.com/gravityillusion.html Technical presentation by Jijo on Gravity Illusion used in the film]

{{National Film Award Best Children's Film}}

[[Category:1980s children's fantasy films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:1984 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1984 3D films]]
[[Category:1984 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Best Children's Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films about magic (illusion)]]
[[Category:Films produced by Navodaya Appachan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian children's fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Child Artist National Award–winning performance]]

Rattan Singh Jaggi

2026-03-15T04:05:54Z

BSHindia: New new biography

{{Short description|Indian scholar and author (1927–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix = Dr.
| name = Rattan Singh Jaggi
| native_name = ਰਤਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੱਗੀ
| native_name_lang = pa
| image = Jaggi.webp
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|07|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = Pindigheb, [[Attock District|Campbellpur District]], [[British Punjab|Punjab Province]], [[British India]] (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|05|22|1927|07|27|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chandigarh]], India
| education = [[Panjab University (Chandigarh)]] (PhD), Magadh University (D.Litt.)
| alma_mater = Panjab University, Magadh University
| thesis_title = Critical study of Pauranik compositions in Dasam Granth (1962)
| thesis_url = http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=3225&page=1&CategoryID=1
| thesis_year = 1962
| occupation = Scholar, author, literary critic
| known_for = Commentaries on Sikh scriptures, encyclopedic works
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2023), Sahitya Akademi Award (1989), Punjabi Sahit Rattan (1996)
| website = {{URL|https://rattansinghjaggi.com/}}
}}

'''Rattan Singh Jaggi''' (27 July 1927 – 22 May 2025) was an Indian scholar, author, literary critic and academic specialising in Punjabi, Hindi and [[Gurmata|Gurmat]] literature. He was known for his research, publications, and multi-volume commentaries on [[Sikh scriptures]] and related literature. He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian honour, in 2023 in the field of literature and education.

== Background ==
Rattan Singh Jaggi was born on 27 July 1927 in [[Pindigheb]], District Campbellpur, British India (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]). Following the [[Partition of India]], his family relocated to India.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Introduction |url=https://rattansinghjaggi.com/language/en/introduction/ |access-date=May 17, 2025 |publisher=Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi Official Website}}</ref> He pursued higher education, earning Master of Arts degrees in Punjabi (1955) and Hindi (1957).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 22, 2023 |title=The President of India conferred Padma Shri to Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi in field of Literature & Education from Punjab in the Civil Investiture Ceremony |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1909739 |access-date=May 17, 2025 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> He later obtained a PhD in 1962 from [[Panjab University (Chandigarh)]] with a thesis on the Puranic compositions in the [[Dasam Granth]].<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Tribune News Service |date=January 26, 2023 |title=Padma Shri Award for Punjabi scholar Dr Rattan Singh Jaggi |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/padma-shri-award-for-punjabi-scholar-dr-rattan-singh-jaggi-473703 |access-date=May 17, 2025 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]}}</ref> In 1973, he was awarded a D.Litt. degree by [[Magadh University]], [[Bodh Gaya]], for his research on Guru Nanak.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

Jaggi died after a brief illness in [[Chandigarh]] on 22 May 2025 at the age of 97.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harjot Bains Mourns Passing of Padma Shri Awardee Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi |url=https://yespunjab.com/harjot-bains-mourns-passing-of-padma-shri-awardee-dr-rattan-singh-jaggi/ |access-date=24 May 2025 |issue=Yes Punjab |date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jaggi began his academic career as a lecturer in a government college in 1957. In 1963, he joined [[Punjabi University, Patiala]], where he taught in the Department of Punjabi. He eventually became Professor and Head of the Department of Punjabi Literary Studies and served as the Chief Editor of the university's literary magazine, 'Khoj Patrika'. He retired from [[Punjabi University]] in 1987.<ref name=":0" /> After his retirement, he remained associated with the university and continued his scholarly work.<ref name=":0" />

He authored over 140 books on various aspects of Punjabi, Hindi, and Gurmat literature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-26 |title=पंजाब के साहित्यकार डॉ. रतन सिंह को पद्मश्री: दशम ग्रंथ दा पौराणिक में PHD की, 144 पुस्तकें लिख चुके |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/news/dedicated-many-books-on-dasam-granth-da-puranic-studies-with-phd-title-130845456.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403055322/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/news/dedicated-many-books-on-dasam-granth-da-puranic-studies-with-phd-title-130845456.html |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news |last=S. |first=Bechu |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Dr Rattan Singh Jaggi receives Padma Shri from President Murmu: 7 reasons why the veteran Punjabi author is a literary titan |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/dr-rattan-singh-jaggi-receives-padma-shri-from-president-murmu-7-reasons-why-the-veteran-punjabi-author-is-a-literary-titan-article-98918033 |access-date=May 17, 2025 |work=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> His work is particularly noted for its depth in medieval literature and the [[Bhakti Movement]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-30 |title=Punjabi university honours Rattan Singh Jaggi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/punjabi-university-honours-rattan-singh-jaggi/articleshow/91214935.cms |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
Jaggi's notable contributions to literature include multi-volume encyclopedias and detailed commentaries on major religious texts.

=== Encyclopedias ===
Source:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
* Dictionary of Literary terms ({{Langx|pa|Sahit Kosh}})
* Dictionary of allusions used in Punjabi Literature ({{Langx|pa|Punjabi Sahit Sandarbh Kosh}})
* Guru Granth Encyclopedia ({{Langx|hi|Guru Granth Vishvkosh}})
* Encyclopaedia of Sikhism ({{Langx|pa|Sikh Panth Vishvkosh}}), published in two volumes initially and later expanded to four volumes.

=== Translations ===
Jaggi also provided comprehensive commentaries and translations of important religious and literary works:<ref name=":2" />

* Translation of ''[[Ramcharitmanas|Tulsi Ramayan]]'' into Punjabi.
* Multi-volume commentary on the [[Dasam Granth]] in Punjabi and Hindi.
* Several multi-volume commentaries on the [[Guru Granth Sahib]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=श्री गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब: Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Set of 5 Volumes) {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/shri-guru-granth-sahib-set-of-5-volumes-nzm628/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref> including ''Arth Bodh Shri Guru Granth Sahib'' and ''Bhav Parbodhni Teeka Shri Guru Granth Sahib''. He also completed transliteration and translation/commentary of the Guru Granth Sahib in Hindi.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khanna |first=Bharat |date=October 30, 2017 |title=Nonagenarian translates Guru Granth Sahib in Hindi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/nonagenarian-translates-guru-granth-sahib-in-hindi/articleshow/61339576.cms |access-date=May 17, 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

His research on Guru Nanak's Bani led to publications such as ''Guru Nanak: Jeevni atey Vyaktitatva'' and ''Guru Nanak di Vichar dhara'', both of which received awards. During the 550th Prakash Purb celebrations of Guru Nanak Dev, the Punjab Government commissioned and distributed his volume titled ''Guru Nanak Bani: Paathatey Vyakhya'' in Punjabi and Hindi.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

== Awards and recognition ==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1989), for his translation of Tulsi Ramayan into Punjabi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::.. |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
* 'Punjabi Sahit Shiromani' (now known as 'Punjabi Sahit Rattan') (1996), the highest state award conferred by the Punjab Government<ref name=":1" />
* Honorary D.Litt. degrees from Punjabi University, Patiala (2014), and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (2015)<ref name=":2" />
* [[Padma Shri]] (2023)<ref>{{cite news |last=Tribune News Service |date=January 26, 2023 |title=Dr Rattan Singh Jaggi gets Padma Shri for Punjabi, Hindi, Gurmat literature |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/dr-jaggi-gets-padma-shri-for-literature-473732 |access-date=May 17, 2025 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* Gyan Ratna Award (2023)<ref>{{cite news |date=May 20, 2023 |title=Famous Sikh scholar Padma Shri Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi was conferred upon the GYAN RATNA award |url=https://www.punjabnewsline.com/news/famous-sikh-scholar-padma-shri-dr-rattan-singh-jaggi-was-conferred-upon-the-gyan-ratna-award-61620 |access-date=May 17, 2025 |work=Punjab Newsline}}</ref>

Jaggi also won numerous other awards from Punjab and Haryana state governments for his books.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://rattansinghjaggi.com/ Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi Official Website]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaggi, Rattan Singh}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Writers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian scholars of Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Silvat

2026-03-10T13:19:30Z

BSHindia: small changes

{{Short description|2016 short film by Faraz Arif Ansari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{italic title}}{{Infobox film
| director = Tanuja Chandra
| writer = Faraz Arif Ansari
| producer = Shailja Kejriwal Aparna Sud
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Kartik Aaryan]]
*Meher Mistry
}}
| cinematography = [[Saurabh Goswami]]
| editing = Akshara Prabhakar
| music = Anuraag Dhoundeyal
| studio = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2018}}
| runtime = 42 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Silvat''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic drama]] [[short film]] under the Zeal For Unity festival 2016. It is written by Faraz Arif Ansari and directed by [[Tanuja Chandra]], starring [[Kartik Aaryan]] and Meher Mistry in the leading roles. Kartik Aaryan shot this short film while filming ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajkumar Hirani applauds Kartik Aaryan's short film 'Silvat' - Times of India |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rajkumar-Hirani-applauds-Kartik-Aaryans-short-film-Silvat/articleshow/51066142.cms}}</ref>

==Plot==

Noor, a married woman, falls in love with Anwar, a tailor. However, they never express their feelings as she awaits her husband's return from [[Riyadh]].

==Cast==

* [[Kartik Aaryan]] as Anwar Khan
* Meher Mistry as Noor

==Release==
The film was released on [[Zindagi Channel|Zindagi channel]] on 12 June 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartik Aaryan's short film Silvat to premiere in June |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryans-short-film-silvat-to-premiere-on-june-article-92108223 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]] }}</ref> and available for streaming on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Unspoken, unanswered, unfulfilled love': Kartik Aaryan shares trailer of his short film 'Silvat' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-unspoken-unanswered-unfulfilled-love-kartik-aaryan-shares-trailer-of-his-short-film-silvat-2893546 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Vaishali |date=2021-06-04 |title=Romance, drama run high in Kartik Aaryan's short film Silvat starring Meher Mistry {{!}} Video |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/romance-drama-run-high-in-kartik-aaryan-s-short-film-silvat-starring-meher-mistry-video-709208 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=[[India TV News]] }}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
Anvita Singh reviewed for [[The Indian Express]] said: Silvat is made up of such touching and telling moments, and effectively conveys the pain, tension and little pleasures of first love.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=Silvat review: Kartik Aaryan steals the show in Tanuja Chandra's short film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/silvat-review-kartik-aaryan-tanuja-chandra-5348718/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref>

Anita Britto of [[9X Media|SpotboyE]] rated 3 stars out of five and wrote "With a well-written script and immersive narrative, Silvat takes you to another world. A world where no one fights for their love."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvat Review: Kartik Aaryan Outshines In This Tale Full Of Love, Heartbreak, And Silence! |url=https://www.spotboye.com/just-binge/binge-reviews/silvat-review-kartik-aaryan-outshines-in-this-tale-full-of-love-heartbreak-and-silence/60bdee40c22b2417f3f92e33 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=[[SpotboyE]] }}</ref>

Hitesh Malik of Koimoi said of the film, "It is one of those films which stays with you for a long time".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartik Aaryan's Lesser Known Film Silvat With Meher Mistry Is A Must Watch, Here's Why |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kartik-aaryans-lesser-known-film-silvat-with-meher-mistry-is-a-must-watch-heres-why/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Koimoi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5020726}}

[[Category:Indian short films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tanuja Chandra]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 romantic drama films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Sahodari Foundation

2026-03-09T11:12:50Z

BSHindia: reworked layout based on references and added references for consistency

{{Promotional|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
'''Sahodari Foundation''' is an [[India]]n organisation which is a pioneer in socially and economically empowering underprivileged [[transgender women]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About Sahodari Foundation|publisher=Sahodari Foundation official website|access-date=16 April 2014|url=https://sahodari.org/about/}}</ref> The organisation was founded by transgender activist and artist [[Kalki Subramaniam]] in July 2008 to provide opportunities for education support, scholarships for under privileged transgender students, encouraging entrepreneurship and providing livelihood opportunities through creative skills training and development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/chennai-ngo-announces-two-scholarships-transgender-persons-age-no-bar-59647|title=TN NGO announces two scholarships for transgender persons, age no bar|date=April 2017 |publisher=The News Minute}}</ref> The organisation is based in [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]]. The organisation uses art, literature, films and theatre to advocate for social, economic, and political justice for [[transgender]] people and gender-nonconforming people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TSsuccesses/Kalki/Kalki.html|title=My Story, by Kalki Founder/Director of Sahodari Foundation|publisher=umich.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/blog/blog-nobody-wants-to-be-exploited-sexually-509186?pfrom=home-topstories|title=Blog: 'Nobody wants to be exploited sexually'|publisher=NDTV website}}</ref>

==Origin==
During her postgraduate studies, Kalki started publishing a monthly magazine in Tamil for transgender women called ''Sahodari''. At that time [[transphobia|prejudice]] against the transgender people was high because media projected only stereotyped images of transgender people. She wanted to break it and bring forth the real issues and problems of the transgender community. In her magazine, she wrote on health, wellness, spirituality, employment and education.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thedawnjournal.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1.-Valarmathy.pdf|title=Transgender to Transcending Gender, Born as he, grown as she|publisher=The Dawn Journal}}</ref>

==The Red Wall Project==
{{AI-generated|section=Red Wall|date=November 2025}}
The Red Wall Project, spearheaded by the Sahodari Foundation under the leadership of transgender rights activist Kalki Subramaniam, is a pivotal initiative aimed at empowering marginalized women, non-binary, and gender-diverse individuals in India. This project provides a crucial platform for participants to articulate their experiences of sexual abuse and assault.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sahodari.org/the-red-wall-project/|title=The Red Wall Project|publisher=Sahodari Foundation}}</ref>
[[File:Indian Tansgender women write their stories in Sahodari Foundation's Red wall project.jpg|thumb|Testimonials written by Transgender women for the Red Wall Project]]
Participants document their narratives of rejection, violence, and abuse on handmade paper, symbolically imprinting their red-painted palm as a testament to their stories. These powerful testimonials are showcased in public galleries, educational institutions, and universities to foster awareness and promote empathy and understanding within the community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.edexlive.com/breaking/2020/Jun/27/how-kalki-subramaniam-is-building-a-wall-of-stories-to-bring-to-light-the-horrors-transgenders-live-12918.html|title=How Kalki Subramaniam is building a wall of stories to bring to light the horrors transgenders live through|date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>

The Red Wall Project not only underscores the challenges faced by transgender individuals but also advocates for justice and societal transformation by bringing these critical stories to the forefront.<ref>{{cite web|last1=S |first1=Harikumar J. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/the-red-wall-projects-art-exhibition-in-kerala-capital-lends-a-voice-to-members-of-lgbtqi-community/article30212418.ece|title=The Red Wall Project's art exhibition lends a voice to the LGBTQI community|work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2019 }}</ref>

==Awards==
In 2010, Sahodari Foundation received the Kokilavani Memorial Award for its contribution towards transgender rights and activism. The foundation trained transgender people as community video journalists and encouraged them to speak up their stories on visual media through a project called Project Kalki. Many transgender women brought out their voices through video films and the organisation showcased those films in YouTube, blogs and other websites and also screened the films across the country. For this innovative effort, the organisation received an international award for innovation in activism using technology and internet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://engochallenge.org/winners-2015-using-online-channels-to-promote-rights-of-transgenders/|title=Sahodari Foundation |date=10 October 2015 | publisher=eNGO Challenge}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.sahodari.org/}}

[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Foundations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2008]]
[[Category:LGBTQ organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Transgender organizations]]
[[Category:Social welfare charities]]
[[Category:Social justice organizations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Human rights organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Charities based in India]]
[[Category:LGBTQ culture in India]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights activists]]

Devendra Sakhwar

2026-03-08T18:33:30Z

BSHindia: New.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Devendra Sakhwar
| birth_date = 1976
| other_names = Devendra Ramnarayan Sakhwar
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Devendra Ramnarayan Sakhwar''' (born 1976) is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. He is an MLA of [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Ambah Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for SC community in [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]] district. He won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Ambah Election Result 2023 Live Updates: Congress Won In This Seat Of MP |url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-election/ambah-election-result-2023-live-updates-counting-of-votes-mp-assembly-elections-bjp-congress-candidate-2 |website=The Quint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Ambah Assembly Election 2023 Result Live Updates: Check Latest Trends From Madhya Pradesh Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/ambah-assembly-election-2023-result-live-updates-latest-trends-from-madhya-pradesh-election-results-article-105690534|website=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Devendra Ramnarayan Sakhwar(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- AMBAH (SC)(MORENA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=225 |website=My Neta}}</ref> He received a total of 80,373 votes and won with the margin of 22,627 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Ambah Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Devendra Ramnarayan Sakhwar defeats BJP's Kamlesh Jatav with 22627 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/ambah-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470374-2023-12-03 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Ambah, Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Ambah में Devendra Ramnarayan Sakhwar ने 22627 मतों सेहासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/ambah-madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830143-2023-12-03 |website=Aaj Tak}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sakhwar, Devendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

{{Madhya Pradesh-stub}}

Aaditya Thackeray

2026-03-05T13:54:52Z

BSHindia: typo fix

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1990)}}
{{Distinguish|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Shri Aaditya Thackeray - 2020 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Thackeray in [[New Delhi]], February 2020
| name = Aaditya Thackeray
| birth_name = Aaditya Uddhav Thackeray
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|06|13}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| residence = 
| education = [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim|Bombay Scottish School]]
| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] [[History]]) [[K C Law College, Mumbai|KC Law College]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| citizenship =
| office = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| 3blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 3namedata = *[[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Environment and Climate Change]]
*[[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]]
*[[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]]
*[[Ministry of higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Higher Education and Technical Education]] (''additional charge'' on 27 June 2022)
| term_start = 30 December 2019
| term_end = 29 June 2022
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| governor = [[Bhagat Singh Koshiyari]]
| office1 = Guardian Minister of Mumbai Suburban District,
[[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start1 = 9 January 2020
| term_end1 = 29 June 2022
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| predecessor1 = [[Vinod Tawde]]
| office2 = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 24 November 2019
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Sunil Shinde|Sunil Govind Shinde]]
| constituency2 = [[Worli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Worli]]
| office4 = [[President (government title)|President]] of Yuva Sena
| term_start4 = 2010
| predecessor4 = Position Created
| office5 = President of the [[Mumbai Football Association]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bandrabuzz.com/neville-dsouza-football-turf-brings-mumbais-football-fever-to-bandra/|title=Neville Dsouza Football Turf brings Mumbai's Football Fever to Bandra|website=bandrabuzz.com|publisher=Bandra Buzz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123081346/https://www.bandrabuzz.com/neville-dsouza-football-turf-brings-mumbais-football-fever-to-bandra/|archive-date=23 January 2023|date=26 November 2018|location=Mumbai|first=Valerian|last=D'Costa|access-date=23 January 2023}}</ref>
| term_start5 = 2017
| predecessor5 = Austin Coutinho
| party = [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] (since 2022)
| otherparty = [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (until 2022)
| website =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| father = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]<ref name="Political dynasties in Maharashtra">{{cite news |title=Political dynasties in Maharashtra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/political-dynasties-in-maharashtra-101711456983784.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |publisher=Hindustantimes |date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215143308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/political-dynasties-in-maharashtra-101711456983784.html |archive-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>
| mother = [[Rashmi Thackeray]]
| relations = ''See [[Thackeray Family]]''
}}

'''Aaditya Uddhav Thackeray''' (born 13 June 1990)<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 June 2020 |title=On 30th birthday, Aditya Thackeray helps save 6-day old infant |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/on-30th-birthday-aditya-thackeray-helps-save-6-day-old-infant-98632}}</ref> is an [[Indian politician]] who served as a [[Cabinet Minister]] of Higher Education, Cabinet Minister of [[Tourism]] and [[Natural environment|Environment]] for the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. He is also an [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the Maharashtra [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] from [[Worli (Assembly constituency)|Worli]], [[Mumbai]]. He is the son of [[Uddhav Thackeray]], an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[politician]] who served as the 19th [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]], leader of the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]], and grandson of [[Balasaheb Thackeray|Balasaheb]] Thackeray.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Aditya Thackeray |url=http://www.in.com/aaditya-thackeray/biography-1876077.html |publisher=in.com |access-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929084421/http://www.in.com/aaditya-thackeray/biography-1876077.html |archive-date=29 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the President of Yuva Sena, a youth wing of Shiv Sena. He was a [[Maharashtra]] [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]] minister and was inducted as a [[cabinet minister]] in the state cabinet on 30 December 2019.

==Early life==
Thackeray was born to [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and Rashmi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2019 |title=Maharashtra Elections: Aditya Thackeray To Make Poll Debut From Worli |work=Outlook |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-maharashtra-elections-aditya-thackeray-to-make-poll-debut-from-worli/339635}}</ref> He has a younger brother, Tejas. He completed his schooling from [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim|Bombay Scottish School]] in [[Mahim]], [[South Mumbai]] and the Dhirubhai Ambani International School for grades 11 and 12.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-05-12 |title=Now, miscreants target Thackeray kids' school |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/now-miscreants-target-thackeray-kids-school/articleshow/3030748.cms |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Thackeray later obtained a BA History degree while studying at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]] in [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]], South Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-18 |title=Initiation rites |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30182499.ece |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> He obtained his law degree from [[K C Law College, Mumbai|Kishinchand Chellaram Law College]] in [[Churchgate]], South Mumbai, where he earned his LLB degree.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seetharaman |first=G. |date=2013-10-20 |title=Bal Thackeray's grandson Aaditya: Will the 23-year old help Shiv Sena restore lost glory? |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bal-thackerays-grandson-aaditya-will-the-23-year-old-help-shiv-sena-restore-lost-glory/articleshow/24402289.cms |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Work==
His first book of poems, 'My Thoughts in White and Black', was published in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditya Thackeray: My Thoughts in White and Black|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20070528-my-thoughts-in-white-and-black-by-aditya-thackeray-748604-2007-05-28|access-date=2007-05-28|website=indiatoday.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All in the family: Aditya makes creative debut|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-all-in-the-family-aditya-makes-creative-debut-1095419|access-date=2007-05-08|website=dnaindia.com|language=en}}</ref> The following year, he turned lyricist and released a private album Ummeed, for which he wrote all the eight songs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Album launch: 'Umeed'|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/album-launch-umeed/articleshow/2713322.cms|access-date=2008-01-19|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Big B launches Aditya Thackeray's debut music album|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-big-b-launches-aditya-thackeray-s-debut-music-album-1146130|access-date=2008-01-19|website=dnaindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Times Music launches Aditya Thackeray's 'Umeed'|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/times-music-launches-aditya-thackerays-umeed|access-date=2008-01-19|website=radioandmusic.com|language=en}}</ref>

He was involved in or initiated a book burning agitation against inclusion of [[Rohinton Mistry]]'s book '[[Such a Long Journey (novel)|Such a Long Journey]]' in [[Mumbai University]]'s reading list in 2010. Thackeray alleged that the book included insulting language against Marathis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=If you bring Mistry book back, let Moro work too be in syllabus: Aditya|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/if-you-bring-mistry-book-back-let-moro-work-too-be-in-syllabus-aditya/|access-date=2010-10-12|website=indianexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mumbai University drops Rohinton Mistry novel after extremists complain|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/19/mumbai-university-removes-mistry-book|access-date=2010-10-19|website=theguardian.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==

In October 2019, Thackeray contested the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Worli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Worli]] constituency<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shiv Sena heir apparent Aaditya Thackeray makes winning debut in Worli|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly-polls-2019-worli-results-counting-aaditya-thackeray-gautam-gaikwad-abhijeet-bichikale-558644|access-date=2019-10-24|website=indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> in Mumbai and subsequently emerged victorious. In doing so, he became the first member of the [[Thackeray family]] to contest and win elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/maharashtra-assembly-election/story/maharashtra-election-aaditya-thackeray-becomes-first-from-family-to-enter-state-legislature-1612621-2019-10-24|title=Maharashtra Assembly election: Aaditya Thackeray becomes first from family to enter state legislature|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30|date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025183258/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/maharashtra-assembly-election/story/maharashtra-election-aaditya-thackeray-becomes-first-from-family-to-enter-state-legislature-1612621-2019-10-24|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He became the Cabinet Minister for tourism, protocol and environment on 30 December 2019 in the Uddhav Thackeray-led [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] government.<ref name="Minister2019">{{cite web | title=Aaditya Thackeray is Maharashtra environment minister. His first comments | website=Hindustan Times | date=5 January 2020 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aaditya-thackeray-is-maharashtra-tourism-minister-his-first-comments/story-KWAPI3Men7Migv0LCIX4kI.html | access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref>

Prior to getting officially elected, Thackeray played a significant role in several projects during the [[First Fadnavis ministry|Devendra Fadnavis-led government]], prominently being a ban of single-use plastics in Maharashtra,<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaditya Thackeray justifies plastic ban in Maharashtra, apologises to people for inconvenience |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/aaditya-thackeray-justifies-plastic-ban-in-maharashtra-apologises-to-people-for-inconvenience-4612771.html |access-date=30 August 2020 |work=Firstpost |agency=Press Trust of India |date=27 June 2018}}</ref> which was well received by residents of the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Residents "Happy" As Maharashtra Plastic Ban Comes Into Effect |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mumbai-residents-happy-as-maharashtra-plastic-ban-comes-into-effect-1872139 |access-date=30 August 2020 |work=NDTV |date=24 June 2018}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* 2010: Appointed President of Yuva Sena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bal Thackeray launches his grandson into politics|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bal-thackeray-launches-his-grandson-into-politics/articleshow/6766448.cms|access-date=2010-10-18|website=economictimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2017: Elected as President of Mumbai District Football Association.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaditya Thackeray elected president of MDFA|url=https://www.asianage.com/sports/football/100717/aaditya-thackeray-elected-president-of-mdfa.html|access-date=2017-07-10|website=asianage.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2018: Appointed Leader of [[Shiv Sena]] Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaditya Thackeray elevated as Shiv Sena 'leader'; becomes part of core team|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aaditya-thackeray-elevated-as-shiv-sena-leader-becomes-part-of-core-team/articleshow/62622453.cms|access-date=2018-01-23|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2019: MLA from Worli constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaditya Thackeray wins in Worli, defeats NCP nominee by over 70000 votes|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/aaditya-thackeray-wins-in-worli-defeats-ncp-nominee-by-over-70000-votes/articleshow/71740534.cms|access-date=2019-10-24|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2019: Cabinet Minister of Environment, [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]] and [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]], Government of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaditya Thackeray is Maharashtra environment, tourism minister His first comments|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aaditya-thackeray-is-maharashtra-tourism-minister-his-first-comments/story-KWAPI3Men7Migv0LCIX4kI.html|access-date=2020-01-05|website=hindustantimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2020: Appointed guardian minister of [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uddhav Thackeray Appoints 36 District Guardian Ministers, Aaditya Gets Mumbai Suburban|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/uddhav-thackeray-appoints-36-district-guardian-ministers-aaditya-gets-mumbai-suburban-2451297.html|access-date=2020-01-09|website=news18.com|language=en}}</ref>
* 2024: MLA from [[Worli Assembly constituency|Worli constituency]]<ref name="Aaditya Thackeray Election Results 2024 highlights: Aaditya Thackeray defeats Milind Deora to claim victory from Worli">{{cite news |last1=Mint |title=Aaditya Thackeray Election Results 2024 highlights: Aaditya Thackeray defeats Milind Deora to claim victory from Worli |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/aaditya-thackeray-election-results-live-updates-worli-counting-result-maharashtra-milind-deora-shiv-sena-ubt-23-11-24-11732271368366.html |access-date=29 November 2024 |publisher=Mint |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129134845/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/aaditya-thackeray-election-results-live-updates-worli-counting-result-maharashtra-milind-deora-shiv-sena-ubt-23-11-24-11732271368366.html |archive-date=29 November 2024}}</ref>
* 24 November 2024: Shiv Sena (UBT)‘s Legislature party leader<ref name="Aaditya Thackeray elected as Shiv Sena (UBT)‘s Legislature party leader">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Aaditya Thackeray elected as Shiv Sena (UBT)‘s Legislature party leader |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/shiv-sena-ubt-elects-aaditya-thackeray-as-leader-of-its-legislature-party/article68909034.ece |access-date=29 November 2024 |date=25 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129134433/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/shiv-sena-ubt-elects-aaditya-thackeray-as-leader-of-its-legislature-party/article68909034.ece |archive-date=29 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Political families of Maharashtra]]
* [[Political families of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thackeray, Aditya}}
[[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Bal Thackeray]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Thackeray family]]
[[Category:Indian football executives]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena (UBT) politicians]]

Sinhasan Battisi (TV series)

2026-03-04T22:14:21Z

BSHindia: put up initial details v1.

{{fan POV|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Adventure]] [[Fantasy]] [[Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on = ''[[Singhasan Battisi]]''
| writer = C.L.Saini
| screenplay = C.L.Saini
| creative_director = Alind Shirivastva, DrNameeta Sharma
| director = Arif Ali Ansari
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Dheeraj Kumar]]
| executive_producer =
| company = [[Creative Eye Limited]]
| network = [[Sony Pal]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| location = [[Mumbai]] [[India]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-22 minutes
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2014|09|01}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2015|2|13}}
| related =
}}
'''''Sinhasan Battisi''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language adventure and [[fantasy]] television series that aired on [[Sony Pal]]. The show is based on folktales of [[Singhasan Battisi]]. The show stars [[Karan Suchak]], [[Siddharth Arora]], [[Sayantani Ghosh]], [[Aditi Sajwan]], [[Navina Bole]] and Cheshta Mehta. A sequel series ''[[List of programs broadcast by SAB TV|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]'' aired on [[SAB TV]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 February 2015|accessdate=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/betaal-aur-sinhasan-battisi-and-peterson-hill-to-end-next-month/articleshow/47083110.cms|title='Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi' and 'Peterson Hill' to end next month|date=29 April 2015|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
The show is based on folktales of Singhaasan Battisi, this show story started on Raja Bhoja follows the adventures of in conquest of the famed throne of Raja Vikramaditya.

==Cast==
* [[Karan Suchak]] as [[Maharaja|Maharaj]] [[Vikramaditya]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Karan Suchak bagged his first TV show at the gym|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-suchak-bagged-his-first-tv-show-at-the-gym/articleshow/44836374.cms|access-date=2022-06-27|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Ano|last=Patel|date=17 October 2014|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Siddharth Arora]] as [[Maharaja|Maharaj]] [[Bhoja]]
* [[Sayantani Ghosh]] as Devi Mahamaya
* [[Kajal Jain]] as [[Maharani]] Chitralekha (Vikramaditya's wife)
* Cheshta Mehta as Maharani Vallari (Bhoj's wife)
* [[Alihassan Turabi]] as [[Rahu]]
* [[Aditi Sajwan]]
* [[Navina Bole]]
* [[Nikunj Malik]]
* [[Sandeep Anand]] as [[Vetala|Betaal]]
* [[Ankit Arora]]
* Priyanca Thakare
* [[Kunal Bakshi]]
* Poorti Arya as one of the [[rani]] in an episode
* [[Ujjwal Gauraha]] as Lobh Devta in an episode

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|8502880}}

[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Sony Pal original programming]]

Rickshawkaran

2026-03-04T04:50:53Z

BSHindia: New a article

{{short description|1971 film by M. Krishnan Nair}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Rickshawkaran.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan]]
| screenplay = [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| story = {{ubl|R. M. Veerappan|S. Jagadeesan|Radha Veerannan}}
| producer = R. M. Veerappan
| starring = {{ubl|[[M. G. Ramachandran]]|[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]|[[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]]}}
| cinematography = V. Ramamoorthy
| editing = C. P. Jambulingam
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Sathya Movies
| released = {{Film date|1971|05|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Rickshawkaran''''' ({{translation|The Rickshaw Man}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film]] directed by [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan]] and produced by [[R. M. Veerappan]], who doubled as screenwriter. The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and [[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]], with [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[Major Sundarrajan]] and [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] in supporting roles. It revolves around a [[rickshaw]] puller who witnesses a murder and decides to unearth the mystery behind it, leading to him uncovering a bigger conspiracy.

''Rickshawkaran'' was released on 29 May 1971. It was a major commercial success, with a theatrical run of over 100 days. For his performance, Ramachandran won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]], becoming the first South Indian actor to do so, though he also became the subject of criticism for allegedly using political influence to his advantage. The film was later remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Rickshawala]]'' (1973).

== Plot ==
Selvam, a [[rickshaw]] puller, sees another rickshaw puller Manickam being murdered. The murderer Kailasam's brother-in-law Dharmaraj, an advocate, also happens to witness the murder but leaves the place silently. Selvam demands justice from Dharmaraj who states that it is his duty to protect his client Kailasam.

Dharmaraj becomes a judge. At a college festival, Kailasam, the college president, sets his eyes on Uma, a student and decides to [[Human trafficking in India|traffic]] her to his overseas clients. He orders his subordinate Mannar to kidnap Uma. Uma secretly goes to meet her mother Parvathi in Selvam's rickshaw and Mannar tries to kidnap her. Selvam fights him and saves Uma, and Parvathi helps her escape. Mannar files a police complaint and Selvam is arrested. During the trial, Parvathi's silence leads to Selvam being convicted. Dharmaraj bails out Selvam, but Selvam immediately repays and refuses favours from Dharmaraj.

Seeing the harassment Parvathi faces, Selvam invites her to live in his house. While shifting, he sees an old photograph of Parvathi with his sister Kamalam. Since he had studied and worked abroad, Selvam had lost touch with his family. Mannar and his men try to kidnap Uma and she escapes in Selvam's rickshaw. She doubts that Selvam belongs to the same gang and goes into Dharmaraj's house. Dharmaraj tells her that Selvam was convicted because of her absence as witness and also that he is educated and has taken up this job for a living. Hearing his good deeds, Uma falls in love with Selvam.

Selvam moves the court on Manickam's murder case and Kailasam demands Dharmaraj to support him, which he rejects. Kailasam threatens to expose Dharmaraj. He also learns that Parvathi and Uma meet secretly and threatens to expose them. Kailasam's goon takes a picture of Uma with Selvam, and Kailasam uses it in college to tarnish Uma's character. When the management demands an explanation, she says that she is not an orphan and promises to bring her mother. Uma takes Selvam along with her to bring her mother and Selvam is shocked to know that it is Parvathi. Parvathi meets Dharmaraj, reveals that Uma is his daughter and seeks his support and Dharmaraj agrees. When Parvathi comes to the college to declare Uma as her daughter, Kailasam brings Karmegham, Parvathi's husband whose threatening presence silences her again, leading to Uma being dismissed from the college.

Karmegham tries to kill Parvathi, doubting her chastity as she had a baby when he was away serving a jail term and Selvam saves her. Parvathi reveals the facts: Uma is actually the daughter of her friend Kamalam, who was Dharmaraj's wife and Selvam's sister. Kailasam, who was keen to get his sister married to Dharmaraj, alleged Kamalam of adultery and made Dharmaraj poison her slowly. Kamalam gave her child Uma to Parvathi and requested her to bring up the child as her own. Karmegham, who returned from prison, saw the newborn and doubted Parvathi's character and tried to kill Uma. Thus, Uma had threats from both Dharmaraj and Karmegham and she had to bring up Uma secretly. Dharmaraj, out of guilt, confesses Kamalam's murder to the Chief Justice.

Dharmaraj confesses to Selvam, and when Selvam tries to take revenge on him, Uma shoots Dharmaraj and escapes. Selvam catches her and observes a change in her behaviour. Dharmaraj apologises for his mistakes to Selvam before dying. Police arrest Uma, and Selvam works out a plan with the Police and Uma is administered an injection which prevents her from speaking. Uma is kidnapped from the hospital by Kailasam's men and Selvam, disguised as a driver, follows them. Selvam and the police find out the trafficking activities carried out by Kailasam and the police arrest everyone. Kailasam shoots Uma dead and when he expresses his satisfaction, Selvam reveals that the girl shot dead is actually Kailasam's lover Rosy disguised as Uma who was sent by Kailasam to kill Dharmaraj. Selvam, who found out this secret, had given an injection to prevent her from speaking and used her as a body double. Kailasam is arrested, while Uma and Selvam marry.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] as Selvam<ref name="hindustantimes" />
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Parvathi<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]] as Uma<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[S. A. Ashokan]] as Kailasam<ref name="VikatanReview" />
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as K. Dharmaraj<ref name="VikatanReview" />
* [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Karmegham<ref name="VikatanReview" />
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Vandu<ref name="VikatanReview" />
* [[Cho Ramaswamy]] as Pitchumani<ref name="VikatanReview" />
* [[Poornam Viswanathan]] as Judge
* [[Jyothi Lakshmi]] as item dancer
* [[G. Sakunthala]] as Kamala{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |p=220}}
* [[S. V. Ramadas]] as Mannar{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |p=220}}
* [[Karikol Raju]] as Vadivelu
* [[Ennatha Kannaiya]] as Nadaswaram
* [[Isari Velan]] as Beauty parlor owner
* [[Usilai Mani]]
* [[Jayakumari]]
* Veeraraghavan as Inspector
* Vijaya Chandrika as Munimma
* Gundu Karuppiah
}}

== Production ==

''Rickshawkaran'' was directed by [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]], and produced by [[R. M. Veerappan]] under Sathya Movies. The story was written by Veerappan (who also wrote the screenplay), S. Jagadeesan and Radha Veerannan. Editing was handled by C. P. Jambulingam, and the cinematography by V. Ramamoorthy.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Rickshawkaran |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sathya Movies |year=1971 |time=0:00 to 2:43 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref> There were conflicting views on the selection of the female lead between lead actor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and Veerappan. Ramachandran wanted his frequent co-star [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] for the female lead while Veerappan wanted to include someone else. The result went in Veerappan's favour and [[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]] was cast,{{sfn |Kannan |2017 |p=154}}<ref name="MGRanew" /> thereby making her debut as a lead actress.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2013 |title=Southern industry in shock at actress Manjula Vijaykumar's sudden death |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/southern-industry-in-shock-at-actress-manjula-vijaykumars-sudden-death/1145497/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529060618/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/southern-industry-in-shock-at-actress-manjula-vijaykumars-sudden-death/1145497/ |archive-date=29 May 2018 |access-date=29 May 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> According to Jayalalithaa's biographer P. C. Ganesan, Veerappan disliked Jayalalithaa's proximity to Ramachandran and, being a shrewd schemer, he successfully persuaded Ramachandran that his "fans were fed up with MGR-Jayalalitha pair"; Ramachandran, not wanting to risk losing his popularity, gave in to Veerappan's suggestion.{{sfn |Ganesan |1996 |p=26}}

[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] was cast Parvathi, replacing the original actress who was removed after {{Convert|3000|feet|metres}} was canned as the makers were not satisfied.<ref name="padmini" /> Padmini's casting caused some backlash among the public since she and Ramachandran had acted as lovers in earlier films.<ref name="DYK" /> The director was billed in the opening credits as "M. Krishnan", omitting his surname [[Nair]] at Ramachandran's suggestion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=29 May 2018 |title=MGR in vintage images |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mgr-in-vintage-images/article24025824.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180914143249/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mgr-in-vintage-images/article24025824.ece |archive-date=14 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Ramachandran disliked the song "Azhagiya Thamizh Magal" and requested Veerappan to remove it, but after Veerappan convinced him, the song was retained.<ref name="DYK" /> The song was shot on a large set that was nearly 40-feet high, and was budgeted at approximately a [[lakh]].<ref name="MGRanew" /><ref name="padmini" /> The song "Kadaloram Vangiya Katru", picturised on Ramachandran and Manjula, was shot on the bridge across the [[Adyar River]], which later became known as the [[Broken Bridge, Chennai|Broken Bridge]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Padmanabhan |first=Geeta |date=29 September 2015 |title=Tales from the Adyar Estuary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/tales-from-the-adyar-estuary/article7703009.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731155112/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/tales-from-the-adyar-estuary/article7703009.ece |archive-date=31 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Broken Bridge: A haven for mischief makers |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/broken-bridge-a-haven-for-mischief-makers-371437.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726134940/https://www.news18.com/news/india/broken-bridge-a-haven-for-mischief-makers-371437.html |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mira S. |first=Sahana |date=21 August 2025 |title=Broken bridge in Chennai: A bridge with no destination, until Tamil cinema stepped in |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/broken-bridge-in-chennai-a-bridge-with-no-destination-until-tamil-cinema-stepped-in/article69946194.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250820065841/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bridge-with-no-destination-until-cinema-stepped-in/article69946194.ece |archive-date=20 August 2025 |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
According to critic Gautaman Bhaskaran, ''Rickshawkaran'', like most other films starring Ramachandran, portrays him simultaneously as an [[action hero]] and champion for the downtrodden.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> [[Tamil Canadians|Tamil Canadian]] journalist D. B. S. Jeyaraj also felt the same, adding that Ramachandran portrayed different roles in his films "so that different segments of the population could relate to and identify with him", citing his role of a rickshaw puller in ''Rickshawkaran'', a [[coxswain]] in ''[[Padagotti]]'' (1964) and an agriculturist in ''[[Vivasayi]]'' (1967) as examples.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |date=20 February 2016 |title=Kandy-born actor-politico "MGR" reigned supreme in Tamil Nadu cinema and politics |url=http://www.ft.lk/columns/kandy-born-actor-politico-mgr-reigned-supreme-in-tamil-nadu-cinema-and-politics/4-526498 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180830065439/http://www.ft.lk/columns/kandy-born-actor-politico-mgr-reigned-supreme-in-tamil-nadu-cinema-and-politics/4-526498 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=30 August 2018 |work=[[Daily FT]]}}</ref> A writer for the magazine ''[[Asiaweek]]'' described ''Rickshawkaran'' as being a "sympathetic movie" about rickshaw pullers in Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=2008 |title=The Indo-LTTE War: An Anthology, Part IV: MGR's Death and the Aftermath |url=https://sangam.org/2008/01/Indo-LTTE_War_I.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180907090106/http://sangam.org/2008/01/Indo-LTTE_War_I.php |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=7 September 2018 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>

S. Rajanayagam wrote in the book ''Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth'' that in most of his films such as ''Rickshawkaran'', Ramachandran took care to behaviourally exhibit his character's subaltern identity by showing the character engaged in a specific action that characterises the occupation.{{sfn |Rajanayagam |2015 |p=67}} He also considered that the pictures of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[Subramania Bharati]] and [[Crucifix]] being props in Selvam's hut was an example of Ramachandran subtly manipulating cinema to maintain his identity as an artiste of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), and simultaneously propagate his own vision of society.{{sfn |Rajanayagam |2015 |p=25}}

Rajanayagam felt the title ''Rickshawkaran'', like the titles of many other Ramachandran films, was "sober, {{em|occupation-oriented}} and positive", while also referring to the subalterns in the third person non-honorific singular (rikshaakaa{{em|ran}}), which is commonly considered disrespectful.{{sfn |Rajanayagam |2015 |p=129}} Writing for ''[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]]'', Kumuthan Maderya felt that Ramachandran wearing a red shirt and black pants onscreen was an "anagrammatic" reference to the colours of the DMK flag.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maderya |first=Kumuthan |date=2010 |title=The MGR phenomenon |url=https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/text.html |url-status=live |journal=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180907072633/https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/2.html |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=7 September 2018}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUakZpIl4Bo |title=Rickshawkaran (1971) All Songs Jukebox {{!}} M.G.R, Manjula {{!}} MSV Hits {{!}} Old Tamil Songs |date=20 January 2016 |publisher=[[Saregama]] |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529060623/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUakZpIl4Bo |archive-date=29 May 2018 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rickshawkaran Tamil LP Vinyl Records By M.S. Viswanathan |url=https://www.vintageav.shop/product/rickshawkaran-tamil-lp-vinyl-records-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724121934/https://www.vintageav.shop/product/rickshawkaran-tamil-lp-vinyl-records-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=24 July 2024 |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=VintageAV.shop |language=en}}</ref> The song "Azhagiya Tamil Magal" is set in [[Charukesi]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=3 February 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey — The charm of Charukesi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-charm-of-charukesi/article2857091.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911094943/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-charm-of-charukesi/article2857091.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kadaloram Vangiya Katru
| note1 =
| writer1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Ange Siripavargal Sirikattum
| note2 =
| writer2 =
| lyrics2 = Vaali
| music2 =
| extra2 = T. M. Soundararajan
| length2 =
| title3 = Pambai Udukkai Katti
| note3 =
| writer3 =
| lyrics3 = Avinasi Mani
| music3 =
| extra3 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Ponnazhaguppenmai
| note4 =
| writer4 =
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| music4 =
| extra4 = P. Susheela, [[L. R. Eswari]], [[K. Veeramani]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Azhagiya Thamizh Magal
| note5 =
| writer5 =
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| music5 =
| extra5 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
| length5 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Rickshawkaran'' was released on 29 May 1971.<ref name="MGRanew" /> The magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', in a review dated 13 June 1971, wrote that the film was an excellent companion to spend three hours in a theatre, and also praised the story.<ref name="VikatanReview" /> On 4 June 1971, ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that Ramachandran, despite his advanced age was still a "popular, vigorous [[romantic hero]]" who "demonstrates the dignity of labour".<ref>{{Cite news |last=V |first=Sriram |author-link=V. Sriram |date=21 August 2023 |title=The lure of Kollywood cinema: glitz, glamour in the land of the stars |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-lure-of-kollywood-cinema-glitz-glamour-in-the-land-of-the-stars/article67204689.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617191206/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-lure-of-kollywood-cinema-glitz-glamour-in-the-land-of-the-stars/article67204689.ece |archive-date=17 June 2024 |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was a major commercial success, playing for 163 days at the Devi Paradise theatre, and for 100 days at 12 other theatres all over Tamil Nadu. To celebrate the film's success, Ramachandran gave raincoats to around 6,000 rickshaw pullers in Chennai.<ref name="DYK" /> In a career spanning 133 films, he considered the film his fourteenth break.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=6 June 2015 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 28 |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180907083514/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-28/ |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> R. Kannan, author of ''MGR: A Life'', considered the film his "biggest box office hit ever".{{sfn |Kannan |2017 |p=154}} ''Rickshawkaran'' was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Rickshawala]]'' (1973),<ref name="hindustantimes" /> which did not achieve the same success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farook |first=Farhana |date=26 December 2016 |title=Tracing Neetu Kapoor's life at the movies |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/tracing-neetu-kapoors-life-at-the-movies-17731-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907081147/https://www.filmfare.com/features/tracing-neetu-kapoors-life-at-the-movies-17731.html |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=7 September 2018 |work=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
At the [[19th National Film Awards]], Ramachandran won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]] for his role,<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1972 |editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=T. M. |title=India's Prize-Winning Films – 1971 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnhTAAAAYAAJ&q=Rickshawkaran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625132514/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnhTAAAAYAAJ&dq=MGR+National+Award+rickshawkaran&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Rickshawkaran |archive-date=25 June 2018 |access-date=25 June 2018 |magazine=Film World |page=47 |volume=8}}</ref> the first South Indian actor to do so.<ref name="DYK" /> Critics accused the victory of being orchestrated by the DMK, with ''[[Blitz (newspaper)|Blitz]]'' alleging that Ramachandran paid {{INRConvert|40000|year=1971}} for the award, a story that was backed by ''[[Dina Thanthi]]''. Ramachandran retorted, "At no time, have I run seeking position, title and fame. I have the belief that they should come looking for you."{{sfn |Kannan |2017 |p=155}} Ashis Barman wrote in the magazine ''Link'', "both the film [''Rickshawkaran''] and Ramachandran's acting in it were atrocious."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Barman |first=Ashis |date=28 May 1972 |title=The Awards Again |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2xDAAAAYAAJ&q=%22The+Awards+Again%22 |access-date=8 July 2024 |magazine=Link |page=36 |volume=14}}</ref> Ramachandran considered returning the award following accusations of using political influence to his advantage, but relented when the committee explained its reasons for awarding him.<ref name="DYK" /> Politician [[M. Karunanidhi]] said Ramachandran was "fully deserving of the award".{{sfn |Kannan |2017 |p=168}}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="hindustantimes">{{Cite news |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=9 August 2016 |title=MGR's Rickshawkaran, refreshed and restored, to hit screens soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-rickshawkaran-refreshed-and-restored-to-hit-screens-soon/story-cVzMQHqe8HSbKNyGMsN5ZJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529060622/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-rickshawkaran-refreshed-and-restored-to-hit-screens-soon/story-cVzMQHqe8HSbKNyGMsN5ZJ.html |archive-date=29 May 2018 |access-date=29 May 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
<ref name="dinamalar">{{Cite news |date=17 June 2015 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர்-ன் சிறந்த சாதனை படங்கள்...! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/26166/special-report/MGRs-Best-movies---MGR-Special.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625081314/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/26166/special-report/MGRs-Best-movies---MGR-Special.htm |archive-date=25 June 2018 |access-date=25 June 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="MGRanew">{{Cite news |date=1 October 2016 |title=MGR anew |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/MGR-anew/article15421007.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529043037/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/MGR-anew/article15421007.ece |archive-date=29 May 2018 |access-date=29 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="padmini">{{Cite news |date=22 August 2016 |title=பாரத ரத்னா விருது பெற்ற ஒரே நடிகர் எம்ஜிஆர்: 'ரிக்ஷாக்காரன்' டிரைலர் வெளியீட்டில் ஆர்.எம்.வீரப்பன் பேச்சு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/198160-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928124146/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/198160-.html |archive-date=28 September 2019 |access-date=28 September 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="DYK">{{Cite news |date=2 October 2016 |title=Did you know? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/did-you-know/article9174799.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005094348/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/did-you-know/article9174799.ece |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="VikatanReview">{{Cite web |date=13 June 1971 |title=ரிக்ஷாக்காரன் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2010-aug-18/vikatan-pokkisham/37377.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143226/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2010-aug-18/vikatan-pokkisham/37377.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 June 2018 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

</references>

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}
*{{Cite book |last=Ganesan |first=P. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UsNuAAAAMAAJ |title=Daughter of the South: Biography of Jayalalitha |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing|Sterling Publishers]] |year=1996 |isbn=8120718798}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-14-342934-0 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajanayagam |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FHeCQAAQBAJ |title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-82203-0}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1970s vigilante films]]
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:Films about child abduction in India]]
[[Category:Films about human trafficking in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Krishnan Nair]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Guntur Talkies

2026-03-03T21:50:41Z

BSHindia: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{short description|2016 Telugu film directed by Praveen Sattaru}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guntur Talkies
| image = Guntur Talkies.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Praveen Sattaru]]
| producer = M. Raaj Kumar
| screenplay = Praveen Sattaru
| story = Praveen Sattaru
| starring = [[Siddhu Jonnalagadda]] [[Rashmi Gautam]] [[Shraddha Das]] [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]
| music = [[Sricharan Pakala]]
| cinematography = Raam Reddy
| editing = Dharmendra Kakarala
| studio = R. K. Studios
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2016|03|04|df=y}}
| runtime = 158 min
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Guntur Talkies''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[crime comedy film]] produced and directed by [[Praveen Sattaru]], who co-wrote the film with [[Siddu Jonnalagadda]]. The film stars Jonnalagadda, [[Rashmi Gautam]], [[Shraddha Das]], and [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]].<ref name="idlebrain review">{{cite web|last1=Jeevi|title=Guntur Talkies Review|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/gunturtalkies.html|website=idlebrain.com|publisher=Idlebrain|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Sricharan Pakala]] with cinematography by Raam Reddy and editing by Dharmendra Kakarala. The film released on 4 March 2016 and was a [[sleeper hit]].<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news|last1=Sushil Rao|first1=Ch|title=Guntur Talkies Movie Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Guntur-Talkies/movie-review/51258693.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|publisher=Times group|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref> It was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apherald.com/Movies/ViewArticle/321685/-Guntur-Talkies-TAMIL-REMAKE-will-be-MORE-SPICY-and-HOT/|title = Guntur Talkies TAMIL REMAKE was flop... But another movie of Rashmi gets attention|work=AP Herald}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Hari ([[Siddu Jonnalagadda]]) and Giri ([[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]) live in a slum in Guntur and work as a low-end salesmen in a medical shop managed by a greedy man ([[Gundu Sudarshan]]). They have a secret life of petty thieves. They steal small and insignificant items so that nobody recognizes them and complains to the police. One day both of them steal {{INR|10 lakhs|link=yes}} of money and run away to Goa. Suddenly they are chased by police and mafia. Rest of the story is about how they escape from them and how they settle in their life.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Siddu Jonnalagadda]] as Hari
* [[Rashmi Gautam]] as Suvarna
* [[Shraddha Das]] as Revolver Rani
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Giri
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Medical Shop Owner
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Jackie
* [[Raja Ravindra]] as Police Officer
* [[Raghu Babu]] as CI Ranjith Kumar
* [[Pavala Syamala]] as Giri's mother
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Constable
* Jogi Naidu
* [[Karate Kalyani]]
* Jayavani as Suvarna's elder sister
* Apoorva as Roja, Giri's wife
* [[Snigdha (actress)|Snigdha]]
* [[Allari Subhashini]]
* Jayavani
* [[Lakshmi Manchu]] (special appearance)
* [[Chaitanya Krishna]] (special appearance)
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1= Guntur Talkies
| title2=Nee Sontham
| title3= Chaar Sau Bees
| title4= Jackie
| title5= Oo Suvarna
| extra1 = [[Siddu Jonnalagadda]]
| extra2= Ambika Sashital, Anant Srikar
| extra3= [[Sricharan Pakala]]
| extra4 = Aditya Ramnath
| extra5 = Sri Vidya
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5914668}}

[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 black comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s heist films]]
[[Category:2010s sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sricharan Pakala]]
[[Category:Films directed by Praveen Sattaru]]
[[Category:Films set in slums]]

{{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}
{{erotic-comedy-film-stub}}

Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu

2026-03-03T05:14:17Z

BSHindia: cleaned up lead after review additionally and updated info based on references

{{short description|1987 film by Santhana Bharathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Santhana Bharathi]]
| screenplay = [[Ananthu (screenwriter)|Ananthu]] Santhana Bharathi
| story = [[T. Damodaran]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Kamal Haasan]]
* [[Chandrahasan]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sathyaraj]]
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
}}
| cinematography = Suresh Kumar A.
| editing = {{plainlist|
* [[B. Lenin]]
* [[V. T. Vijayan]]
}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1987|6|12}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu''''' ({{translation|Duty, Dignity and Discipline}})<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2018 |title=Karunanidhi demise: Stalin appeals for calm |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhi-demise-stalin-appeals-for-calm/article24625646.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241021061900/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhi-demise-stalin-appeals-for-calm/article24625646.ece |archive-date=21 October 2024 |access-date=21 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> is a 1987 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller film]] directed by [[Santhana Bharathi]] and produced by [[Kamal Haasan]], starring [[Sathyaraj]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] and [[Captain Raju]]. The film had no songs, though the score was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Karundhel |date=5 April 2012 |title=இளையராஜா, கமல்ஹாசன் மற்றும் உன்மத்தம் |url=https://karundhel.com/ilaiyaraja-kamal-frenzy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808114103/https://karundhel.com/ilaiyaraja-kamal-frenzy/ |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Karundhel |language=ta}}</ref> It is a remake of 1986 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Aavanazhi]]''. The film was released on 12 June 1987.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=June 2022}}
The film revolves around the story of an honest and straightforward [[Tamil Nadu]] police officer and his life.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sathyaraj]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Balaram
*[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
*[[Jeevitha]]
*[[Captain Raju]]
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Reporter
*[[Delhi Ganesh]]
*[[Kamala Kamesh]]
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
*[[Major Sundararajan]]
*[[G. M. Sundar]]
*[[S Sathyendra]]
*[[T. K. S. Natarajan]]
*[[Sivachandran]]
*[[Kamal Haasan]] as himself (guest appearance)
*[[S. Sathyendra]] as thief (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-mr-versatile/article3198308.ece|title=Meet Mr. Versatile|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 March 2012|access-date=30 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216033702/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-mr-versatile/article3198308.ece|archive-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
''Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu'' is a remake of the 1986 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Aavanazhi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Rajitha |date=8 November 2000 |title=Kamal, as we know him |url=https://cricket.rediff.com/movies/2000/nov/08kamal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113032702/https://cricket.rediff.com/movies/2000/nov/08kamal.htm |archive-date=13 November 2021 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2017 |title=Remembering a legend: Five iconic IV Sasi movies that shaped Mollywood |work=[[Indulge Express]] |url=http://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2017/oct/24/remembering-a-legend-five-iconic-iv-sasi-movies-that-shaped-mollywood-4145.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304061518/http://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2017/oct/24/remembering-a-legend-five-iconic-iv-sasi-movies-that-shaped-mollywood-4145.html |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> [[Kamal Haasan]] produced the film, and although an established actor, did not star.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2018 |title=Kamal Haasan to produce Vikram's next |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/21/kamal-haasan-to-produce-vikrams-next-1760701.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112934/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/21/kamal-haasan-to-produce-vikrams-next-1760701.html |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Haasan initially planned to remake the Malayalam film ''[[Boeing Boeing (1985 film)|Boeing Boeing]]'' (1985) in Tamil; however he dropped the plan and instead choose to remake ''Aavanazhi''.<ref name="kkk">{{cite web |date=18 February 2015 |title=முன்னேற்றப் பாதையில் சத்யராஜ்: கமலஹாசன் தயாரித்த படத்தில் ஹீரோ ஆனார் |trans-title=Sathyaraj acted in a film produced by Kamal Haasan |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2015/02/18223224/cinema-history-february-18-sat.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301140821/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2015/02/18223224/cinema-history-february-18-sat.html |archive-date=1 March 2015 |access-date=6 December 2022 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Sathyaraj]] said he accepted to act in the film because it was a remake of a successful film, and was guaranteed to do well.<ref name="kkk" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sunil |first=K. P. |date=29 November 1987 |title=The Anti-Hero |url=https://ibb.co/426dJsW |url-status=usurped |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |volume=108 |pages=40–41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303083322/https://ibb.co/426dJsW |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupadu'' was released on 12 June 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadamai Kanniyam Kattuppadu ( 1987 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812110822/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1050 |archive-date=12 August 2004 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said Sathyaraj was ruling every frame of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=28 June 1987 |title=கடமை கண்ணியம் கட்டுப்பாடு |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jun/28-06-1987/p64.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=64 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220808113448/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jun/28-06-1987/p64.jpg |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian films without songs]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Santhana Bharathi}}
{{RaajKamalFilmsInternational}}

[[Category:1987 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s police films]]
[[Category:1987 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1987 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Santhana Bharathi]]
[[Category:Films produced by Kamal Haasan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ananthu (screenwriter)]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Karani script

2026-03-03T03:38:56Z

BSHindia:

{{Short description|Writing system for the Odia language of India}}
{{Infobox Writing system
|name=Karani script
|altname=Karaṇī akṣara {{lang|as|କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର}}
|type=[[Abugida]]
|languages=[[Odia language]]
|time= c. 1700 - 1900s CE<ref name="inflibnet">{{cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/118610/11/11_chapter%204.pdf|date=27 September 2016|title=CHAPTER - IV: DEVELOPMENT OF ORIYA SCRIPT, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE |website=Shodhganga |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref>
|fam1=[[Odia script]] (cursive style)
|unicode=
|iso15924=
|sample=Koroni or Chata script sample.jpg
|imagesize=300px
|caption=Karani script sample from Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha
|footnotes=
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special = [[Odia language|Odia]] text
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Odia
| characters = Odia script
}}
'''Karani''' or '''Chhata''' was a [[handwriting|handwritten]] [[cursive]] [[writing system]] historically used to write the [[Odia language]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Tripāṭhī |first=Kunjabihari |title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script |publisher=Utkal University |page=33 |year=1962 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="Shodhganga">{{cite web|url=http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/282609/9/09_chapter%204.pdf|date=2012|title=ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧ |publisher=Utkal University |author=Chitararijan Behera |website=Shodhganga |page=56 |access-date=25 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name="diringer">{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind |date=1948 |pages=366}}</ref> primarily for court, land, temple and accounting records, and other administrative purposes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Pattanayak |first=D. P. |date=1991 |title=Linguistic and Religious Identity in India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23002249 |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=101–106 |jstor=23002249 |issn=0376-9771}}</ref> Karani was quite different from<ref name="k435">{{cite book | last=Young | first=A.H. | title=First Lessons in Oriya | publisher=Orissa Mission Press | year=1912 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oxc3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 | language=fr | access-date=2024-11-19 | page=1}}</ref> the [[Letterpress printing|printed]] form, the [[Odia script]], which replaced it.<ref name=":0" /> Karani gradually became unintelligible to the readers of the latter.<ref name="Jnanamandal">{{cite book |title=Jnanamandal |date=1 December 1960 |publisher=Jnanamandal Publications |location=Cuttack |pages=17, 18 |access-date=}}</ref> The [[Writer|writers]] historically belonged to the [[Karan (caste)|Karan caste]] group who were designated to use Karani.<ref name=":0" /> The script was used in the Odia-speaking regions during [[British Raj]] including the [[Orissa Tributary States]]. Both the names "karani" and "karana" are derived from "karani", a metal [[stylus]] used for writing on palm leaf.<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Rath |first1=Saraju |title=The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources |journal=International Institute for Asian Studies |date=2012 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9999923}}</ref><ref name="archive">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha.Complete/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha-Volume.3-Consonants-Cha.to.Tha#page/n1161/mode/2up|website=archive.org|title=Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)|access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref> Karani script was considered popular in Odisha predating the reign of [[Prataparudra Deva]] of [[Gajapati Empire]], it got its modern form in 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA30&dq=karani+script&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHxueE34KTAxUmRmwGHWjhEAMQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=karani%20script&f=false |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref> Historical records from mid-eighteenth century were also written in this script primarily of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Khurda Bhoi Kingdom]].<ref name="Tanabe">{{cite journal |last1=Tanabe |first1=Akio |title=The system of entitlements in eighteenth-century khurda, Orissa: Reconsidering 'caste' and 'community' in late pre-colonial India |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |date=December 2005 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=345–385 |doi=10.1080/00856400500337768 |access-date=}}</ref> Karani was written both on palm leaves and paper. Bhoimuls (Accountants) of [[Khordha|Khurda]] Kingdom primarily used Karani script for writing and preparing documents for administrative purposes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date=2021 |title=Local society and kingship |url=https://www.academia.edu/77798552/Local_society_and_kingship_Reconsidering_caste_community_and_state_ |journal=Caste and Equality in India |pages=44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Karashima |first=Noboru |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=oyiKAAAAMAAJ&q=karani+script+mula&dq=karani+script+mula&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjww97F5oKTAxX8UGcHHbyULZ4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#karani%20script%20mula |title=Kingship in Indian History |date=1999 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-326-0 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Karani is often explained as "karaninabaja" or "chhata", a "running" script introduced by the [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]], most of the old Odia palm leaf manuscripts were written in Karani, the script is less standard by modern terms or it could be described as a form of Odia script before it was standardised. The script did not use spaces between words with less punctuation marks which made it hard to decipher.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shankar, B.)), ((Mishra, P.)), ((Sagnika, S.)), ((Pattanaik, A.)) | journal=International Journal of Computer Applications | title=Engaging with an Indian Epic: A Digital Approach | volume=975 | pages=8887|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Santwana-Sagnika/publication/335879330_Engaging_with_an_Indian_Epic_A_Digital_Approach/links/5d8787c4299bf1996f930615/Engaging-with-an-Indian-Epic-A-Digital-Approach.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Odisha (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9ScLAQAAIAAJ&q=karani+script&dq=karani+script&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRnrTu44KTAxVzSGwGHcUkHbUQ6AF6BAgJEAM#karani |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri |last2=Orissa (India) |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>

==Influence on modern Odia script==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script
! Vowel Letter
! Diacritic forms
|-
| For the vowel {{lang|or|ଇ}} (short i), the standard Odia diacritic form is {{lang|or|ି}}. Eg- For consonant {{lang|or|କ}} (ka) - {{lang|or|କି}} (ki) But for these consonants - {{lang|or|ଖ}} (kha), {{lang|or|ଥ}} (tha), {{lang|or|ଧ}} (dha), the equivalent {{lang|or|ଇ}} diacritic from Karani script is also used.
| {{lang|or|ଖି}} (khi) {{lang|or|ଥି}} (thi) {{lang|or|ଧି}} (dhi)
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Karani script sample pt 1 - Jnanamandala.jpg|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
File:Karani script sample pt 2 - Jnanamandala.png|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
File:Karani script letters 1.jpg|Karani script letters
File:Karani script letters 2.png.jpg|Karani script letters
File:Karani writing.png|Karani writing
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Odia language}}
{{list of writing systems}}

[[Category:Odia language]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]

Battle of Pilsud

2026-02-06T19:55:24Z

BSHindia: minor improve information for consistency and cleaned formatting per sources

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|War between Marathas and Jaipur}}
{{Copy edit|for=tone|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
| date = 10 May 1715<ref name=JP>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938|publisher=Orient Longman|year=1984|isbn=9788125003335|pages=163–166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=Malwa|accessdate=2020-09-23}}</ref>
| place = Pilsud, [[Barwani district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| coordinates =
| result = Rajput victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0 |quote="In May 1715, Jai Singh successfully repulsed the advance of a Maratha contingent, under the command of Kanhoji Bhonsle and Khande Rao Dhabare that was marching towards Malwa.."}}</ref><ref name=LK>{{Cite book|first=R.K.& S.R. |last=Gupta & Bakshi|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages vol. 4|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2008|isbn=9788176258418|pages=91, 92|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLQeSBLpUwsC&dq=Kanhoji+Bhonsle&pg=PA92|accessdate=2020-09-23|quote=Nothing daunted, the travel worn Rajput army took up the challenge. Budh Singh had led the van. Chhatra Sai Bundela and Dhiraj Singh Khichi as well as amny local zamindars who had joined on the way fought under Jai Singh. After four hours of long struggle the Maratha Army broke and fled.}}</ref><ref name=VS>{{Cite book|first=V.S.|last=Bhatnagar|title=Life and times of Sawai Jai Singh|publisher=Impex India|year=1974|pages=116–117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ|quote=}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Jaipur.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Amber]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keay |first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tarbo7OzEO8C|title=India: A History |date=2000|publisher=Grove Publication|page=360|isbn=0802137970|quote=."A year later Ajit Singh and Jai Singh Kacchwaha again rose in revolt and attacked the provincial capital of Ajmer. Such repeated defiance would once have invited the direst of reprisals but now elicited only further clemency. As Bahadur Shah hastened away to the Panjab to deal with the Sikhs, it began to look as if imperial indulgence of the rajputs, once founded on strength and dictated by policy, was now beset by doubt and dictate by circumstance. Ten years later, after further rajput defiance and more abject Mughal concessions, the Jaipur and Udaipur rajas were said to have 'all the country from 30 kos [about a hundred kilometres] of Delhi, when the native land of Jai Singh begins, to the shores of the sea at Surat" |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0 |quote="Marwar's Ajit Singh and Amber's Sawai Jai Singh were among the powerful Rajput rulers of the Rajasthan area who wielded considerable authority at the Imperial Mughal Court during much of this time. This was, albeit, with setbacks, that depended on their intra-personal relations with the often changing incumbents of the Imperial 'Peacock' Mughal throne and the strong, entrenched, coteries that held sway over the Mughal court."}}</ref>
*[[Panna State|Bundelkhand]]
*[[Bundi State|Bundi]]
*[[Raghogarh State|Raghogarh]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}} [[Maratha Confederacy]]
* Afghan chieftains
| commander1 = [[Jai Singh II]] [[Chhatrasal|Chhatrasal Bundela]] Budh Singh Hada [[Dhiraj Singh (Khichi)|Dhiraj Singh Khichi]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px|]] [[Bhonsles of Nagpur|Kanhoji Bhonsle]]<ref>"Kanhoji ruled for twenty years and paved the foundation of a solid rule in Berar"; Coinage of the Bhonsle Rajas of Nagpur by Prashant P. Kulkarni pg. 7 [https://books.google.com/books?id=51caAAAAYAAJ&q=kanhoji+parsoji]</ref> [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px|]] [[Khanderao Dabhade]] [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px|]] Ganga Rao Dilir Khan Inayat Khan
| strength1 = 10,000 Rajputs<ref name=JP/><ref name=LK/>
| strength2 = 42,000 Marathas<ref name=JP/><ref name=LK/>
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| conflict = Battle of Pilsud
}}
The '''Battle of Pilsud''' was fought between [[Sawai Jai Singh]] and the Marathas under Kanhoji Bhonsle and [[Khanderao Dabhade]].

==Background==
Jai Singh's assignment was exceptionally challenging. If he had only the Marathas to deal with, and the local population had been stable, he could have defended [[Malwa]] with relative ease. However, the situation was far more complex. Despite this, his first year in command demonstrated his effectiveness. His force of 10,000 seasoned soldiers, including well-equipped musketeers, artillery, and ample financial resources, helped restore some order. His reputation as an experienced commander from [[Aurangzeb]]'s wars had preceded him, and he had capable lieutenants such as Chhatrasal Bundela and Budh Singh Hada. By the end of 1714, he had suppressed much of the disorder in Malwa. The Marathas, likely distracted by internal conflicts, refrained from launching any major raids that winter, and the local rebels, after facing swift punishment, either surrendered or went into hiding. Recognizing his success, the Emperor sent him a robe of honor on 13 August accompanied by a letter of appreciation that read, "You have not left any trace of the robbers; travelers can now pass in peace."<ref name=JP/>

Jai Singh had achieved this stability through relentless movement and decisive action. Just a week after reaching [[Ujjain]], he launched a campaign against the Afghan chief Inayet, who had been pillaging near the city with a band of 7,000 horsemen. Jai Singh dispatched Nandlal Choudhuri to confront him, forcing the Afghans to retreat towards [[Shahjahanpur|Shajahanpur]]. Later, Dilir Afghan was defeated near [[Kashigaon]] on 25 March 1714, and Mohan Singh, an Umat Rajput rebel aligned with Ruhela mercenaries, was killed on 14 April. In early May, Jai Singh sent a Bundela contingent under Chhatrasal's son to Khimlasa and Bhorasa, which prompted the Maratha camp south of the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] to abandon any plans of crossing into Malwa. Having dealt with these threats, he returned to Ujjain on 12 May.<ref name=JP/>

However, Malwa's volatile nature meant that this peace was neither absolute nor permanent. By August, highway robberies were reported near Narwar, necessitating the establishment of a military outpost. Meanwhile, Puranmal Ahir led a rebellion in the Ahir region, blocking the Sironj-Kalabagh road and using his fortresses at Ranod and Ondhera to challenge the administration for several months.<ref name=JP/>

Jai Singh's next challenge arose at Rampura, near the [[Mewar]] frontier, where a succession dispute had been raging since Aurangzeb's time. On 24 January 1715, Gopal Singh Chandrawat, the rightful heir, managed to reclaim Rampura from Badan Singh, the son of his dispossessed father, Ratan Singh--who had been converted to Islam by Aurangzeb and renamed Islam Khan. Jai Singh supported Gopal Singh's claim and soon mediated a settlement between the old chief and his grandson, as the Afghan mercenaries hired in this family feud were wreaking havoc on the small principality.<ref name=JP/>

In order to deal with the turbulent bands of marauders, Jai Singh had maintained an army of 10,000 soldiers, which included the clansmen of Budh Singh Hada and Chatrasal Bundela. The army was well equipped and included a contingent of [[musketeer]]s and [[artillery]]. There were many troubles for Jai Singh II when he was the governor of [[Malwa]]. Jai Singh had a good start in his governorship as there were no Maratha raids during the winters. Jai Singh took advantage of this and wiped out the local rebels and raiders. On 13 August 1714 the Emperor sent Jai Singh a Robe of Honour and said "you have not left any trace of the robbers; travellers can now pass in peace". Jai Singh also repelled the Afghan chieftain called Inayat, who was raiding Ujjain. On 25 March 1714 Jai Singh defeated Dilir Khan at Kashigaon and on 14 April he defeated Mohan Singh Umat and the Rohilla mercenaries.<ref name=JP/> In 1715 Jai Singh expelled the [[Maratha]] raider called Ganga and then marched towards [[Sironj]], where he defeated the [[Afghans|Afghan]]s. The Afghans under Dilir Khan called the Marathas for help against Jai Singh II. The [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]] raja upon getting to know about the large host of Marathas that were approaching, quickly attacked Dilir. On 2 April, he attacked the Afghan army of 12,000 men and defeated them. 2000 Afghans were killed in battle while the Amber army lost 500 men.<ref name=JP/> Jai Singh then turned towards the Afghan camp in [[Bhilsa]] and devastated it.<ref name=JP/><ref name=LK/> It was at this time that reports started coming about two large Maratha armies that had entered Malwa. Kanhoji Bhonsle and Khande Rao Dabhade with an army of 42,000 men had crossed the [[Narmada River]] on 1–2 April and had made their camps at Tilwara.<ref name=JP/> they pillaged within 4 miles of the provincial capital and looted and burnt the city of [[Depalpur, India|Depalpur]].

==Battle==
On 5 April the Marathas sent an army of 12,000 horsemen to Barwah and they marched around [[Indore]] and demanded chauth from the province of [[Kampel, Indore|Kampel]].<ref name=JP/> Upon knowing of these developments, Jai Singh quickly marched towards [[Ujjain]] and sent his deputy to secure his capital. On 8 May, the Amber Raja moved towards the Marathas, while the Maratha commanders, Kanho and Ganga were deciding how to cross Narmada with all the loot they had collected. Jai Singh force marched towards them crossing 38 miles and arrived before the Maratha camp on 10 May. The Marathas upon seeing the small Amber army became confident upon their numbers and advanced to fight them. The travel-worn Rajputs also advanced, Budh Singh Hada, Chatrasal Bundela, Dhiraj Singh Khichi and several minor [[Jagirdar]]s were under the command of Jai Singh II. After a fight of four hours, the Marathas broke and started fleeing.<ref name=JP/> The Marathas fled six miles away from the field of battle into the mountains of Pilsud and were confidently marching in the mountainous region, thinking that they had escaped. However Jai Singh chased them the whole night and caught up to them on 11 May. Upon seeing the Amber army, the Marathas fled to the Narmada River and left all of their loot.<ref name=JP/><ref name=LK/>

==Aftermath==
The Maratha army were forced to leave two months worth of loot, that they had acquired from Malwa and Khandesh. Jai allowed his men to keep the spoils of war. "everyone gained booty enough to feed him for years". The emperor praised Jai Singh for his achievement and the local jagirdars confessed that no imperial officer had inflicted such a great victory in Malwa against the Marathas.<ref name=JP/><ref name=LK/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{#related:Battle of Gangwana}}
{{#related:Battle of Lalsot}}
{{#related:Jai Singh II}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Pilsud]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs|Pilsud]]
[[Category:1715 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1715|Pilsud]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]

Gir Gadhada taluka

2026-02-03T21:29:04Z

BSHindia: Stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gir Gadhada Taluka
| other_name = Girgadhada Taluka, Gir-Gaddha Taluka
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[taluka]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.92|N|70.92|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 15
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 0
| population_total = 15600
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]],
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 362 530
| registration_plate =GJ
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Gir Gadhada Taluka''' is a [[taluka]] of [[Gir Somnath district]] in the state of [[Gujarat]], India. Before 2013 the area was part of [[Una Taluka]], but it became a taluka in its own right with the creation of Gir Somnath District in August of that year.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Promises Delivered! Gujarat Cabinet approves creation of 7 New Districts and 22 New Talukas |date=25 January 2013 |publisher=[[Narendra Modi]] |url=http://www.narendramodi.in/promises-delivered-gujarat-cabinet-approves-creation-of-7-new-districts-and-22-new-talukas/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415142713/http://www.narendramodi.in/promises-delivered-gujarat-cabinet-approves-creation-of-7-new-districts-and-22-new-talukas/ |archivedate=15 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DG-01">{{Cite news|title=Maps of Gujarat’s new 7 districts and changes in existing districts |date=13 August 2013|newspaper=Desh Gujarat |url=http://deshgujarat.com/2013/08/13/maps-of-gujarats-new-7-districts-and-changes-in-existing-districts/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816151212/http://deshgujarat.com/2013/08/13/maps-of-gujarats-new-7-districts-and-changes-in-existing-districts/ |archivedate=16 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Gir Gadhada Taluka has population around 15,600. The village of [[Gir Gadhada]] became its administrative headquarters.

==Villages==
Revenue records list forty-two villages for Gir Gadhada Taluka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Notification: Gujarat Land Revenue Code 1879: Schedule B Villages of Girgadhada Taluka |date=9 September 2013 |newspaper=The Gujarat Government Gazette |volume=54 |issue=Extra No. 282 |url=http://www.revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/downloads/taluka_notification_IV_Ex_282.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154654/http://www.revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/downloads/taluka_notification_IV_Ex_282.pdf |archivedate=13 April 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
#[[Ambavad]]
#[[Ankolali]]
#[[Babariya (Gir Gadhada)|Babariya]]
#[[Bediya]]
#[[Bhakha]]
#[[Bhiyal]]
#[[Bodidar]]
#[[Dhokadva]]
#[[Dhrabavad]]
#[[Dron (Gir Gadhada)|Dron]]
#[[Fareda]]
#[[Fatsar]]
#[[Fulka]]
#[[Gir Gadhada]]
#[[Harmadiya]]
#[[JASHADHAR GIR]]
#[[Itvaya]]
#[[Jamvala]]
#[[Jaragli]]
#[[Jhanjhariya]]
#[[Jhudvadli]]
#[[Juna Ugla]]
#[[Kanakiya]]
#[[Kaneri]]
#[[Kansariya]]
#[[Khilavad]]
#[[Kodiya (Gir Gadhada)|Kodiya]]
#[[Mahobatpara]]
#[[Motisar (Gir Gadhada)|Motisar]]
#[[Nagadiya]]
#[[Nava Ugla]]
#[[Nitli]]
#[[Panderi (Gir Gadhada)|Panderi]]
#[[Rasulpara]]
#[[Sanosri]]
#[[Sanvav]]
#[[Sonariya]]
#[[Sonpura]]
#[[Thordi]]
#[[Umedpara]]
#[[Undari]]
#[[Vadli]]
#[[Vadviyala]]
#[[Velakot]]
{{div col end}}

==Tourist Places Near By Gir Gadhada==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| [[Diu, India|Diu]]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nagoa+Beach,+Diu,+Daman+and+Diu,+India/@20.7081003,70.9135806,14z?hl=en Nagoa Beach]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gupta+Prayag,+Gujarat+362510/@20.7514394,71.0023254,673m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x3be302b36392e6f1:0x7cb94eab9147e197?hl=en Gupt Prayag]
|-
| [[Sasan Gir]]
|-
| [[Kankai]]
|-
| [https://www.google.co.in/maps/@21.0232033,70.8825862,15z Banej]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tapakeshvar,+Gujarat+362530/@20.936575,70.8757849,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x3be2e62718eed4db:0x5d4973fd5bdcbe9e?hl=en Tapkeshwar]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/@20.991518,70.9200941,15z?hl=en Machhundri Dam]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Zamjir+Waterfall/@20.9584536,70.7602518,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x9d056f2e96cd646d?hl=en Zamjir Waterfall]
|-
| [[Somnath]]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bhalka+Tirtha/@20.911699,70.383774,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x3bfd32f620ccc7e7:0x93b410d570ac0fae?hl=en Bhalka Tirth]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tulsishyam,+Gujarat+362530/@21.0513463,71.0254432,335m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x3be2f21f7b2b11f9:0x6edd32a8154109ec?hl=en Tulsishyam]
|-
| [https://www.google.com/maps/@20.9346372,70.9619625,673m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en Dron – Machhundri Check Dam]
|-
| [[Junagadh]]
|}

==How to reach Gir Gadhada==

'''By Train'''

Gir Gadhara Rail Way Station.
Distance from
* Somnath to Girgadhada: 76 km
* Junagadh to Girgadhada: 110 km
* Rajkot to Girgadhada: 171 km

'''By Bus'''
* Junagadh to Girgadhada: 119 km
* Diu to Girgadhada: 37 km
* Una to Girgadhada: 18 km
* Veraval to Girgadhada: 78 km
* Talala to Girgadhada: 78 km
* Kodinar to Girgadhada: 45 km

==Available Network Service Provider==
* Idea (3G)
* Airtel
* Bsnl
* Vodafone
* Videocon
* Uninor
* Tata Docomo
* Tata Indicom
* Virgin Mobile
*Jio (4g)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gir Somnath district]]

Coir

2026-01-20T07:40:02Z

BSHindia: typo fix

{{Short description|Natural fiber}}
{{For|the Irish conservative lobby group|Cóir}}
{{multiple issues|1=
{{Cleanup reorganize|reason=Arti/horticultural use is scattered in lead plus sections "Buffering" and "Agricultural and horticultural uses". Ordering in these sections is hard to follow.|date=March 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
}}
{{wikt|coir}}
[[Image:Coir fibery.jpg|right|thumb|A close-up view of coir fibre]]
[[Image:Coir segregation.jpg|right|thumb|Segregation of coir fibre]]
'''Coir''' ({{IPAc-en|'|k|ɔɪər}}), also called '''coconut fibre''', is a [[Natural fiber#Vegetable fibers|natural fibre]] extracted from the outer [[husk]] of [[coconut]],<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Coir|volume=6|page=654}}</ref> used in products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes, and mattresses, as well as horticulturally in potting mixes and soil amendments. In some countries it is locally called ''coprah'' (not to be confused with [[copra]], a dry coconut meat). Coir is the fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut. ''Brown coir'', made from ripe coconut, is further used in upholstery padding, sacking, and horticulture, and ''white coir'', from unripe coconut, for making finer brushes, string, rope, and fishing nets.<ref>[http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html How coir is made - material, making, history, used, processing, product, industry, machine, History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714155802/http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html |date=2006-07-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coco Coir - 7 Things Every Gardener Should Know |url=https://diygardening.co.uk/soils/coco-coir/ |website=DIY Gardening |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref> Coir will float in water, so can be used in long lengths in deep water without adding weight that might drag down boats and buoys.

Coir must not be confused with ''[[pith|coir pith]]'', which is the powdery, spongy material resulting from the processing of the coir fibre.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://coirboard.gov.in/?page_id=90 | title=Coir Pith | Coirboard }}</ref> Pith is chemically similar to coir, but contains much shorter fibers.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.028|title = Chemical treatments of coir pith: Morphology, chemical composition, thermal and water retention behavior|year = 2014|last1 = Narendar|first1 = R.|last2 = Priya Dasan|first2 = K.|journal = Composites Part B: Engineering|volume = 56|pages = 770–779 | bibcode=2014CmpB...56..770N }}</ref> The name '''coco peat''' may refer either to coir or the pith or a mixture, as both have good water-retaining properties as a substitute for [[peat]].<ref name="madehow"/>

==History==
{{See also|Sennit}}
[[File:Magimagi - Mainbeam.jpg|thumb|[[Sennit]] made from plaited coconut fibre on a traditional house in [[Fiji]]]]
The name ''coir'' originally comes from the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] கயிறு (''kayiru''), and later the [[Malayalam]] word കയർ (''kayar''), for cord or rope (traditionally, a kind of rope is made from the coconut fibre).<ref>{{cite web|title=coir {{!}} Origin and meaning of coir by Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/coir|website=www.etymonline.com|access-date=20 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=the definition of coir|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/coir|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> [[Rope]]s and cordage have been made from coconut fibre since ancient times. The [[Austronesian peoples]], who first [[Coconut#Domestication|domesticated coconuts]], used coconut fibre extensively for ropes and [[sennit]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Plants and Tools Used for Building Canoes|first= Chad |last=Baybayan|website=Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions|publisher=[[Polynesian Voyaging Society]]|url=https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/kalai_waa/plants_and_tools.html|date=2012}}</ref> in building houses and [[lashed-lug]] plank boats in their voyages in both the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and the [[Indian Ocean]]s.<ref name="Manguin">{{cite journal |last1=Manguin |first1=Pierre-Yves |title=Sewn Boats of Southeast Asia: the stitched-plank and lashed-lug tradition |journal=International Journal of Nautical Archaeology |date=September 2019 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=400–415 |doi=10.1111/1095-9270.12367|bibcode=2019IJNAr..48..400M |s2cid=202363901 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beaujard |first1=Philippe |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |date=August 2011 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142|s2cid=55763047 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Horridge2006">{{cite book |editor1-last=Bellwood |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Fox |editor2-first=James J. |editor3-last=Tryon |editor3-first=Darrell |last1=Horridge |first1=Adrian |title=The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives |date=2006 |publisher=ANU E Press |chapter=The Austronesian Conquest of the Sea - Upwind |isbn=978-1-920942-85-4 |pages=143–160 |doi=10.22459/a.09.2006.07 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Lew">{{cite journal |last1=Lew |first1=Christopher |title=Tracing the origin of the coconut (''Cocos nucifera'' L.) |journal=Prized Writing 2018-2019 |publisher= University of California, Davis|pages=143–157}}</ref> Polynesians themselves grew a special type of coconut called the ''niu kafa''<ref>{{lang|sm|kafa}} meaning sennit, as is {{lang|mi|kaha}}, {{lang|haw|ʻaha}} etc in various [[Polynesian languages]]</ref> which yields a lot more fibre per fruit than types grown for human consumption (''niu vai'', for their [[Coconut water|water]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gunn |first1=Bee F. |last2=Baudouin |first2=Luc |last3=Olsen |first3=Kenneth M. |title=Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in the Old World Tropics |journal=PLOS ONE |date=22 June 2011 |volume=6 |issue=6 |article-number=e21143 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0021143|doi-access=free |pmid=21731660 |pmc=3120816 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...621143G }}</ref>

Later [[India]]n and [[Arab people|Arab]] navigators who sailed the seas to Malaya, China, and the [[Persian Gulf]] centuries ago also used coir for their ship ropes. Arab writers of the 11th century AD referred to the extensive use of coir for ship ropes and [[rigging]].<ref name="Lew"/><ref name=coirboardabout>{{cite web|last=Staff|title=About Coir|url=http://www.coirboard.in/about-coir.php|publisher=Coir Board, Govt. of India|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225031728/http://www.coirboard.in/about-coir.php|archive-date=25 February 2012}}</ref>

A coir industry in the UK was recorded before the second half of the 19th century. During 1840, Captain Widely, in co-operation with Captain Logan and Thomas Treloar,<ref name=rootswebtreloar>{{cite web|title=Thomas Treloar 1818-1876|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~treloar/08thThomas2.htm|publisher=RootsWeb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212182657/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~treloar/08thThomas2.htm|archive-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> founded the known carpet firms of Treloar and Sons in Ludgate Hill, England, for the manufacture of coir into various fabrics suitable for floor coverings.<ref name=coirboardabout />

==Structure==
[[File:Textielmuseum-cabinet-10.jpg|thumb|left|Various forms in which coir fibre can appear]]
Coir fibres are found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a [[coconut]]. The individual fibre cells are narrow and hollow, with thick walls made of [[cellulose]]. They are pale when immature, but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of [[lignin]] is deposited on their walls.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|date=2013|title=Materials and the Environment|doi=10.1016/c2010-0-66554-0|isbn=978-0-12-385971-6}}</ref>

Each cell is about {{Convert|1|mm|2|abbr=on}} long
{{Citation needed|reason=not find in the ref.|date=April 2024}}
and {{Convert|10|to|20|micrometre|4|abbr=on}} in diameter.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/economic/futurefibres/fibres/coir/en/ |title=Future Fibres: Coir |access-date=2016-01-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217205117/http://www.fao.org/economic/futurefibres/fibres/coir/en/ |archive-date=2016-02-17 }}</ref> Fibres are typically {{Convert|10|to|30|cm|0}} long.<ref name="madehow" /> The two varieties of coir are brown and white. Brown coir harvested from fully ripened coconuts is thick, strong and has high abrasion resistance.<ref name=":1" /> It is typically used in mats, brushes and sacking.<ref name=":1" /> Mature brown coir fibres contain more lignin and less cellulose than fibres such as [[flax]] and [[cotton]], so are stronger but less flexible. White coir fibres harvested from coconuts before they are ripe are white or light brown in color and are smoother and finer, but also weaker. They are generally spun to make yarn used in mats or rope.

The coir fibre is relatively waterproof, and is one of the few natural fibres resistant to damage by saltwater. Fresh water is used to process brown coir, while seawater and fresh water are both used in the production of white coir.<ref name="madehow">"{{cite web |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html |title=How coir is made - material, making, history, used, processing, product, industry, machine, History |access-date=2006-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714155802/http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html |archive-date=2006-07-14 }}</ref>

==Processing==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2022}}
Green coconuts, harvested after about six to 12 months on the palm, contain pliable white fibres. Brown fibre is instead obtained by harvesting fully mature coconuts when the nutritious layer surrounding the seed is ready to be processed into [[copra]] and desiccated coconut. The fibrous layer of the fruit is then separated from the hard shell (manually) by driving the fruit down onto a spike to split it (dehusking). A well-seasoned husker can manually separate 2,000 coconuts per day. Machines are now available which crush the whole fruit to give the loose fibres. These machines can process up to 2,000 coconuts per hour.

===Brown fibre===
{{Citations needed section|date=January 2022}}
The fibrous husks are soaked in pits or in nets in a slow-moving body of water to swell and soften the fibres.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |chapter=Introduction to tribology of polymer composites|date=2008|title=Tribology of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites|pages=59–83|publisher=Elsevier|doi=10.1533/9781845695057.59|isbn=978-1-84569-393-0}}</ref> The long bristle fibres are separated from the shorter mattress fibres underneath the skin of the nut, a process known as wet-milling.

The mattress fibres are sifted to remove dirt and other rubbish, dried in the sun and packed into bales. Some mattress fibre is allowed to retain more moisture so it retains its elasticity for twisted fibre production. The coir fibre is elastic enough to twist without breaking and it holds a curl as though permanently waved. Twisting is done by simply making a rope of the hank of fibre and twisting it using a machine or by hand.

The longer bristle fibre is washed in clean water and then dried before being tied into bundles or hanks. It may then be cleaned and 'hackled' by steel combs to straighten the fibres and remove any shorter fibre pieces. Coir bristle fibre can also be bleached and dyed to obtain hanks of different colours.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

===White fibre===
The immature husks are suspended in a river or water-filled pit for up to ten months. During this time, [[micro-organisms]] break down the plant tissues surrounding the fibres to loosen them — a process known as [[retting]].<ref name=":0" /> The segments of the husk are then beaten with iron rods to separate out the long fibres which are subsequently dried and cleaned. Cleaned fibre is ready for spinning into yarn using a simple one-handed system or a spinning wheel.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

In 2009, researchers at [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]]'s [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] developed a biological process for the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husk without polluting the environment. The technology uses enzymes to separate the fibres by converting and solubilizing plant compounds to curb the pollution of waters caused by retting of husks.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043054860500.htm | title='Clean' technology for coir fibre extraction | date=2009-04-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108121635/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043054860500.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | archive-date=2012-11-08 }}</ref>

===Buffering===
Because coir pith is high in sodium and potassium, it is treated before use as a growth medium for plants or fungi by soaking in a calcium buffering solution; most coir sold for growing purposes is said to be pre-treated.<ref>{{cite journal
|last = Hunt
|first = Robert
|author2 = Ricciardi, Zac
|title = Reusing Media: Coco Coir
|journal = Urban Garden Magazine
|issue = 14
|date = 2011-02-10
|url = http://urbangardenmagazine.com/2011/02/reusing-media-coco-coir/
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130204194606/http://urbangardenmagazine.com/2011/02/reusing-media-coco-coir/
|archive-date = 2013-02-04
}}</ref> Once any remaining salts have been leached out of the coir pith, it and the cocochips become suitable substrates for cultivating fungi. Coir is naturally rich in potassium, which can lead to magnesium and calcium deficiencies in soilless horticultural media. Coir fiber is rarely used as a potting material, except for orchids, and does not need buffering, as it has a very low [[cation-exchange capacity]] (CEC) capacity, hence not retaining salts.

Coir does provide a suitable substrate for horticultural use as a soilless potting medium. The material's high lignin content is longer-lasting, holds more water, and does not shrink off the sides of the pot when dry allowing for easier rewetting. This light media has advantages and disadvantages that can be corrected with the addition of the proper amendment such as coarse sand for weight in interior plants like Draceana. Nutritive amendments should also be considered. Calcium and magnesium will be lacking in coir potting mixes, so a naturally good source of these nutrients is dolomitic lime which contains both. pH is of utmost importance as coir pith tends to have a high pH after some months of use, resulting in plant stunting and multiple deficiencies. Coir also has the disadvantage of being extremely sensitive to the [[Leucocoprinus]] greenhouse fungus. The addition of beneficial microbes to the coir media have been successful in tropical green house conditions and interior spaces as well. The fungi engage in growth and reproduction under moist atmospheres producing fruiting bodies (mushrooms).

===Bristle coir===
'''Bristle coir''' is the longest variety of coir fibre. It is manufactured from [[retting|retted]] [[coconut|coconut husks]] through a process called defibering. The coir fibre thus extracted is then combed using steel combs to make the fibre clean and to remove short fibres. Bristle coir fibre is used as bristles in brushes for domestic and industrial applications.

==Uses==
===Cordage, packaging, bedding, flooring, and others===
[[Image:Making coir rope in Kerala.JPG|thumb|Making coir [[rope]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]]]
[[File:SonsorolCanoe Outrigger1.JPG|thumb|An [[outrigger canoe]] from [[Sonsorol]], [[Palau]]. All parts of the canoe are connected by thin coir ropes.]]
Red coir is used in floor mats and [[mat|doormats]], [[brush]]es, [[mattress]]es, floor tiles and sacking.<ref name=":1" /> A small amount is also made into [[twine]].<ref name=":1" /> Pads of curled brown coir fibre, made by needle-felting (a machine technique that mats the fibres together), are shaped and cut to fill mattresses and for use in erosion control on river banks and hillsides. A major proportion of brown coir pads are sprayed with rubber [[latex]] which bonds the fibres together (rubberised coir) to be used as upholstery padding for the automobile industry in Europe. The material is also used for packaging.<ref name=":1" />

The major use of white coir is in [[rope]] manufacture.<ref name=":1" /> Mats of woven coir fibre are made from the finer grades of bristle and white fibre using hand or mechanical looms. White coir also is used to make fishing nets due to its strong resistance to [[Saline water|saltwater]].<ref name=":1" />

===Agricultural and horticultural uses===
In [[agriculture]] and [[horticulture]], coir is used as an organic and decorative component in soil and potting mixes. Out of increasing concern regarding the sustainability of producing [[sphagnum]] (peat moss) and [[peat]] from peatlands, usage of alternative substrates has been on the rise; the plantation byproduct coir is one commonly used substitute.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New UN initiative aims to save lives and cut climate change by protecting peatlands|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/11/new-un-initiative-aims-to-save-lives-and-cut-climate-change-by-protecting-peatlands/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=United Nations Sustainable Development|date=17 November 2016|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hageman |first=Bill |date=10 February 2025 |title=Using Coco Coir As A Soil Amendment In Your Organic Garden |url=https://www.groworganic.com/blogs/videos/using-coco-coir-as-a-soil-amendment-in-your-organic-garden |website=GrowOrganic |publisher=Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref> Many sources of coir, however, are heavily contaminated with pathogenic fungi, and the choice of the source is important. Coir is also useful to deter [[snail]]s from delicate plantings, as a growing medium in intensive glasshouse (greenhouse) horticulture,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Complete Book on Jute & Coir Products (With Cultivation & Processing)|date=27 October 2014|publisher=Niir Project Consultancy Services |isbn=978-93-81039-62-5}}</ref> and as an inert [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]] in some [[Hydroponics#Coconut Coir|hydroponic]] growing systems.
[[File:Hydroponic herb garden.jpg|thumb|A small herb garden employing coir mixed with [[perlite]]. The soaking hose provides water and some nutrients.]]

Coir is also used as a substrate to grow mushrooms. The coir is usually mixed with [[vermiculite]] and pasteurised with boiling water. After the coir/vermiculite mix has cooled to room temperature, it is placed in a larger container, usually a plastic box. Previously prepared spawn jars, usually grown using substrates such as rye grains or wild bird seed, are then added. This spawn is the mushroom's [[mycelium]] and will colonize the coir/vermiculite mix, eventually fruiting mushrooms.

Coir fibre pith or coir dust can hold large quantities of water, just like a sponge.<ref name="Mason2003">{{cite book|last=Mason|first=John|title=Sustainable Agriculture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dg2Fx1uPSoC&pg=PA192|access-date=14 May 2015|year=2003|publisher=Landlinks Press|isbn=978-0-643-06876-6|pages=192–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710194724/https://books.google.com/books?id=8dg2Fx1uPSoC&pg=PA192|archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref> It is used as a replacement for traditional peat in soil mixtures, or, as a soil-less substrate for plant cultivation.<ref name="Mason2003"/> It has been called "coco peat" because it is to fresh coco fibre somewhat like peat to peat moss, although it is not true peat.

Coir waste from coir fibre industries is washed, heat-treated, screened and graded before being processed into coco peat products of various granularity and denseness, which are then used for horticultural and agricultural applications and as industrial absorbent.

Usually shipped in the form of compressed bales, briquettes, slabs or discs, the end user usually expands and aerates the compressed coco peat by the addition of water. A single kilogramme of dry coco peat will expand to 15 litres of moist coco peat.

Coco peat is used as a [[soil conditioner]]. Due to low levels of nutrients in its composition, coco peat is usually not the sole component in the medium used to grow plants. When plants are grown exclusively in coco peat, it is important to add nutrients according to the specific plants' needs. Coco peat from [[Philippines]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[India]] contains several macro- and micro-plant nutrients, including substantial quantities of [[potassium]]. This extra potassium can interfere with magnesium availability. Adding extra magnesium through the addition of [[magnesium sulphate]]s can correct this issue.

Some coco peat is not fully decomposed when it arrives and will use up available nitrogen as it does so (known as drawdown), competing with the plant if there is not enough. This is called nitrogen robbery; it can cause [[nitrogen deficiency]] in the plants. Poorly sourced coco fibre can have excess salts in it and needs washing (check electrical conductivity of run-off water, flush if high). It holds water well and holds around 1,000 times more air than soil. Adding slow release fertilizers or organic fertilizers are highly advised when growing with coco fibre.

Common uses of coco fibre include:
* As a substitute for peat, because it is free of bacteria and most fungal spores, and is [[sustainability|sustainably produced]] without the environmental damage caused by peat mining.
* Mixed with sand, compost and fertilizer to make good quality [[potting soil]]. Coco peat generally has an acidity in the range of pH - 5.5 to 6.5, which is slightly too acidic for some plants, but many popular plants can tolerate this pH range.
* As substrate for growing [[mushrooms]], which thrive on the cellulose. Coco peat has high [[cellulose]] and [[lignin]] content.

Coco fibre can be re-used up to three times with little loss of yield. Coco fibre from diseased plants should not be re-used unless sterilization is thorough.

===Other uses===
====Oil and fluid absorption====
Due to its superior absorption capabilities when compared to products made of clay, silica and diatomaceous earth-based absorbents, dry coconut coir pith is gaining popularity as an oil and fluid absorbent. Many other absorbents have to be mined, whereas coconut coir pith is a waste product in abundance in countries where coconut is a major agriculture product.

In the [[2024 Manila Bay oil spill]], the [[Department of the Interior and Local Government|DILG]] Bataan appealed for hay, hair and coconut coir [[pith]] (husk) to process into [[Boom (containment)|oil booms]] as [[Absorption (chemistry)|absorbent]] for the [[Philippine Coast Guard]]'s cleanup operations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Chito |title=Donate hair, coconut husks to contain oil spill, DILG urges public|url= https://mb.com.ph/2024/7/30/donate-hair-coconut-husks-to-contain-oil-spill-dilg-urges-public|access-date=July 30, 2024 |publisher= [[Manila Bulletin]]|date=July 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Argosino|first1= Faith |title=PH Coast Guard battles Bataan oil spill mess with coconut husk boom|url= https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1966995/ph-coast-guard-battles-bataan-oil-spill-mess-with-coconut-husk-boom|access-date=July 29, 2024 |publisher= |date=July 29, 2024}}</ref>

====Animal bedding====
Coconut coir pith is also used as a bedding in litter boxes, animal farms and pet houses to absorb animal waste. It can further be used as a terrarium substrate for reptiles or arachnids.<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Reptiles
| volume = 16
| publisher = Fancy Publications
| year = 2008
| page = 66
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXpWAAAAYAAJ&q=coir+reptiles
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last = Jacobi
|first = Michael
|title = Tarantulas
|publisher = TFH Publications Inc
|year = 2011
|page = 93
|isbn = 978-0-7938-4478-4
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CinwiePEBH0C&pg=PT93
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170710193942/https://books.google.com/books?id=CinwiePEBH0C&pg=PT93
|archive-date = 2017-07-10
}}</ref>

====Construction material====
Coconut fiber (coir) is used as a construction material because the natural fibers are eco-friendly. Additionally, coconut fiber (CF) has low thermal conductivity, is very tough, ductile, durable, renewable and inexpensive. It was observed in an experimental study that by partially replacing 2% of cement with CF, the compressive strength of the concrete is increased.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mayank |title=Effect on the Compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with coconut fibre |date=November 2019 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337858053}}</ref>

====Biocontrol====
Trichoderma coir pith cake (TCPC) has been prepared and successfully used for control of plant diseases. The dry product TCPC has a long shelf life.<ref name="ChandraMohanan2013">{{cite journal|first=R.|last=Chandra Mohanan|date=30 November 2013|title=Trichoderma Coir Pith Cake - A New Product For Plant Disease Management|journal=[[Indian Coconut Journal]]|publisher=[[Coconut Development Board]]|volume=56|issue=7|issn=0970-0579}}</ref><ref name="ChandraMohananEtAl2013">{{cite journal|last1=Chandra Mohanan|first1=R.|last2=Peter|first2=Prabha K.|last3=Sharadraj|first3=K. M.|date=2013|title=Production technology of coir pith cake formulation of Trichoderma harzianum|journal=[[Journal of Plantation Crops]]|issn=0304-5242|publisher=[[Indian Society for Plantation Crops]]|volume=41|issue=2|pages=214–218}}</ref><ref name="PeterEtChandraMohanan2013">{{cite journal|last1=Peter|first1=Prabha K.|last2=Chandra Mohanan|first2=R.|date=2013|url=https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ta/index.asp?action=viewPastAbstract&articleId=963&issueId=144|title=Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai treatment in comparison with fungicides for the management of stem canker of cocoa caused by Phytophthora palmivora|volume=90|issue=4|location=Trinidad|pages=200–204|publisher=[[University of the West Indies]]|journal=[[Tropical Agriculture (journal)|Tropical Agriculture]]|issn=0041-3216}}</ref>

== Safety ==

Coir is an [[allergen]], as also are the latex and other materials used frequently to treat coir.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nasobronchial Allergy and Pulmonary Function Abnormalities Among Coir Workers of Alappuzha |url=http://www.japi.org/july_2010/Article_03.pdf |publisher=Japi.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915210954/http://www.japi.org/july_2010/Article_03.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-15 }}</ref>

===Biosecurity risks===
{{Further|Invasive species}}
Coco fibre can harbor organisms that pose a threat to the [[biosecurity]] of countries into which it is imported. Coco peat has been imported into [[New Zealand]] since about 1989 with a marked increase since 2004. By 2009 a total of 25 new weed species had been found in imported coco peat. The regulations relating to importing coco peat into New Zealand have been amended to improve the biosecurity measures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/regs/imports/plants/coco-peat|title=Coco peat/Coir fibre|date=17 March 2009|publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand|access-date=30 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603085330/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/regs/imports/plants/coco-peat|archive-date=3 June 2010}}</ref>

On the other hand, coir can also contain beneficial life-forms. Coconut coir from [[Mexico]] has been found to contain large numbers of colonies of the beneficial fungus ''[[Aspergillus terreus]]'', which acts as a biological control against plant pathogenic fungi.<ref name="pathogens">Hyder, Naveen; Sims, James J.; Wegulo, Stephen N.. In Vitro Suppression of Soilborne Plant Pathogens by Coir. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, 448 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583. 2008-11-19. URL:http://www.agrococo.com/Pathogen_Suppression.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093933/http://www.agrococo.com/Pathogen_Suppression.pdf |date=2011-07-07 }}. Accessed: 2009-08-17. (Archived by WebCite at)</ref> ''[[Trichoderma]]'' is a naturally occurring fungus in coco peat; it works in symbiosis with plant roots to protect them from pathogenic fungi such as ''[[Pythium]]''.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

Coco peat may be [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilized]] to remove potential pathogens and weeds along with beneficial life. This may be done to remove contaminants in fresh material or to reuse old coir. Both heat (boiling or baking) and chemical means can be used.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1210.7|title=Coconut coir media sterilization method for growing Chinese kale microgreens|year=2018|last1=Photchanachai|first1=S.|last2=Tantharapornrerk|first2=N.|last3=Pola|first3=W.|last4=Muangkote|first4=S.|last5=Bayogan|first5=E.R.V.|journal=Acta Horticulturae|issue=1210|pages=51–58|s2cid=139554022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://coir.com/growing-medium/how-to-sterilize-coco-coir/ | title=How to Sterilize Coco Coir | date=22 July 2019 }}</ref>

==Major producers==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-top:0; margin-left:2em;"
|+ Coir production, 2020<ref name="fao">{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL|title= Coir production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)|date=2022|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
!scope="col"| Country
!scope="col"| Weight ([[tonne]]s)
|-
!scope="row"| {{IND}}
| 586,686
|-
!scope="row"| {{VNM}}
| 390,541
|-
!scope="row"| {{LKA}}
| 161,791
|-
!scope="row"| {{THA}}
| 64,098
|-
!scope="row"| {{GHA}}
| 39,548
|-
!scope="row"| All others
| 33,960
|-
!scope="row"|'''World'''
|'''1,276,624'''
|}
Total world coir fibre production is {{Convert|1,276,624|t}}. [[Kerala]], a state in the coastal region of [[India]], produces 60% of the total supply of white coir fibre in the world. [[Sri Lanka]] produces 36% of the total brown fibre output. Over 50% of the coir fibre produced annually throughout the world is consumed in the countries of origin, mainly India. Together, India and Sri Lanka produced 59% of the coir produced in 2020.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Complete Book on Jute & Coir Products (with Cultivation & Processing)}}</ref> Sri Lanka remains the world's largest exporter of coir fibre and coir fibre based products.

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Coconut production in Kerala]]
*[[Coir Board of India]]
*[[Rope]]
*[[International Coir Museum]]
*[[International Year of Natural Fibres]] 2009
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* KT Rammohan. 2008. 'Coir in India: History of Technology' in Helaine Selin (ed). ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures.'' Vol. 1. pp. 596–600. Berlin, Heidelberg and New York: Springer-Verlag. {{ISBN|978-1-4020-4559-2}}
* KT Rammohan and R Sundaresan. 2003. 'Socially Embedding the Commodity Chain: An Exercise in Relation to Coir Yarn Spinning in Southern India'. ''World Development.'' 31: 5. pp. 903–923.
* KT Rammohan. 1999. 'Technological Change in Kerala Industry: Lessons from Coir Yarn Spinning. Thiruvananthapuram: CDS Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Coconut fibres}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Coir|short=x}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlI3BBjm-lA How to make a coir rope] Video shows the whole procedure

{{Coconut}}
{{fibers}}
{{Hydroculture}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Coconuts]]
[[Category:Fiber plants]]
[[Category:Horticulture]]
[[Category:Insulation fibers]]
[[Category:Malayalam terms]]
[[Category:Non-food crops]]

Ichthyaetus

2026-01-01T10:16:18Z

BSHindia: added references

{{short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Pallas's Gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus).jpg
| image_caption = ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus''
| taxon = Ichthyaetus
| authority = [[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1829
| type_species = ''[[Pallas' gull|Larus ichthyaetus]]''
| type_species_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)

| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Ichthyaetus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[gull]]s in the order [[Charadriiformes]]. The [[genus name]] comes from [[Ancient Greek]] [[wikt:ἰχθύς|ἰχθύς]] (''ikhthús''), meaning "fish", and [[wikt:ἀετός|ἀετός]] (''aetós''), meaning "eagle", and thus, "fish eagle".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages =[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n224 224]}}</ref> They were previously included in the genus ''[[Larus]]''.<ref>Pons J.M., Hassanin, A., and Crochet P.A.(2005). ''Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers.'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37(3):686–699</ref>

==Species==
{{Species table |genus= Ichthyaetus |authority-name=[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]]|authority-year=1829 |species-count=six|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Sooty gull |binomial=[[Ichthyaetus hemprichii]]
|image=File:Hemprichmöwe.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Bruch |authority-year=1855 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldives, Mozambique, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
|range-image=
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Great black-headed (or Pallas's) gull |binomial=[[Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]]
|image=File:Pallas's or Great Black-headed gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus by Vedant Kasambe 01.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Pallas |authority-year=1773 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Breeds in Central Asia and Ukraine, winters in Arabia and India.
|range-image=File:LarusIchthyaetusIUCN.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Audouin's gull |binomial=[[Ichthyaetus audouinii]]
|image=File:Korallenmöwe.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Payraudeau |authority-year=1826 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian peninsula
|range-image=
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= VU
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name= Mediterranean gull|binomial=[[Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]]
|image=File:Larus melanocephalus -Zwin (Belgium).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Temminck|authority-year=1820 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean this species has now expanded over most of Europe as far as Great Britain and Ireland
|range-image=File:LarusMelanocephalus.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Relict gull|binomial=[[Ichthyaetus relictus]]
|image=File:Relict Gull.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Lönnberg |authority-year=1931 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Mongolia, two in Kazakhstan, one in Russia, and one in China (Lake Hongjiannao)
|range-image=
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= VU
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name= White-eyed gull|binomial=[[Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus]]
|image=File:Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus 327149376.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Temminck |authority-year= 1825|authority-not-original=yes
|range= Throughout Red Sea
|range-image=File:Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus range.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gulls}}
{{Charadriiformes|L.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q639312}}

[[Category:Ichthyaetus| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]

Chettikulam

2025-12-22T09:39:09Z

BSHindia: slightly improved structure per standard format also and corrected details for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{distinguish|Chattikulam Chalakudy}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chettikulam pannaiyur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| other_name = Pannaiyur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Peace before heavy rainfall.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = WNW view from Chettikulama at sunset
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|9|38|N|77|36|57|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.36
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 70
| population_total = 13866
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Tamilan
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 627120
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04637-257198
| registration_plate = TN-72
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kanyakumari
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Tirunelveli
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Chettikulam''' pannaiyur is a small coastal village in [[Tirunelveli district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chettikulam Map {{!}} India Google Satellite Maps|url=http://www.maplandia.com/india/tamil-nadu/tirunelveli-kattabomman/chettikulam/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=www.maplandia.com}}</ref>

It is {{convert|12|km}} from [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]] on the east coastal road connecting Kanyakumari with [[Thiruchendur]]. The nearest town is [[Nagercoil]]. The [[Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant|Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project]] has built a large township known as Anuvijay Township for its employees in the village.

The village has a telephone exchange, bank ([[State Bank of India|SBI]] Pandian Grama Bank), post office and four schools. Including the township, the population is nearly 28,000. Chettikulam has beach and pond. There is a family park in the beach, which used to be covered with coconut trees. The sea shore is the longest in Tirunelveli district. It is almost {{convert|3|km}} long. During festival times peoples from chettikulam as well as tourists gather here. The village is surrounded by agricultural lands.
==Culture==
People of Chettikulam basically worship and follow "kula theiva vazhibadu." All families have their own kula theivam (family temple). Families often prepare and share meat offerings with their god'''.''' People also follow Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chettikulam Temple {{!}} Perambalur District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India|url=https://perambalur.nic.in/gallery/chettikulam-temple/|access-date=2020-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Education==
The village has a government higher secondary school in the bypass road with more than 2,000 students. The nearest colleges are at [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]], Palkulam (Anjugramam), Levengipuram, [[Nagercoil]], Koothankuli, and Vadakkankulam.

==Hospital==
The village has one Government Hospital near the bypass. It also has a private clinic opposite to chettikulam panchayat office.

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirunelveli district]]

== References ==
<references />
{{Tirunelveli-geo-stub}}

Dʰéǵʰōm

2025-12-16T01:58:21Z

BSHindia: basic expand formatting for accuracy additionally for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[Dheghom]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Nowgong Assembly constituency

2025-12-15T05:39:20Z

BSHindia: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Nagaon–Batadraba Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from former name}}
{{R from move}}
}}

Somavarappadu

2025-12-04T07:21:54Z

BSHindia: put up basic post more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Somavarappadu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.74|N|81.10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Eluru district|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Denduluru mandal|Denduluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/588459-somavarappadu-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Somavarappadu Village Population - Denduluru - West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.58
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 15
| population_total = 3015
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 534 450
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Somavarappadu''' is a village in [[Eluru district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located to the north of district headquarters [[Eluru]] at a distance of 6 km. It is under [[Eluru revenue division]].

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Somavarappadu has population of 3,015 of which 1,531 are males while 1,484 are females. Sex Ratio of Somavarappadu village is 969. Population of children with age 0-6 is 313 which makes up 10.38% of total population of village with a sex ratio of 830. Literacy rate of Somavarappadu village was 70.2%.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Eluru topics}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1959)

2025-11-13T01:33:16Z

BSHindia:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{for|other similarly named actors|Kunal Kapoor (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Kunal Kapoor
| image = Kunal Kapoor, 2020.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Kapoor in 2020
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|06|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], India
| parents = {{ubl|[[Shashi Kapoor]] (father)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shashi-kapoors-son-kunal-kapoor-returns-to-acting-with-akshay-kumars-singh-is-bliing/|title=Kunal Kapoor returns to acting|date=26 June 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>|[[Jennifer Kendal]] (mother)}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Sheena Sippy||end=divorce}}
| children = 2, including [[Zahan Kapoor]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker}}
| organization = Adfilm-Valas
| family = [[Kapoor family]], [[List of Hindi film families#Sippy family|Sippy family]]
| website =
}}

'''Kunal Kapoor''' (born 26 June 1959)<ref name=rediff1>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-shashi-kapoor-no-one-knows/20150422.htm Meet the Shashi Kapoor no one knew], [[Rediff]]</ref> is an Indian actor, film producer, director and advertisement maker. Elder son of actors [[Shashi Kapoor]] and [[Jennifer Kendal]], he made his debut with the 1972 English-language film ''[[Siddhartha (1972 film)|Siddhartha]]'', later acted in [[Shyam Benegal]]'s ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'' and in his first mainstream [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Ahista Ahista (1981 film)|Ahista Ahista]]'', opposite [[Padmini Kolhapure]] as well as ''[[Vijeta (1982 film)|Vijeta]]''. He also acted in the art films ''[[Utsav]]'' (1984) and ''[[Trikal]]'' (1985).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shashi-kapoors-son-kunal-kapoor-returns-to-acting-with-akshay-kumars-singh-is-bliing/|title=Kunal Kapoor returns to acting|date=26 June 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

In 1987, he stopped acting after ''Trikal'' to set up his own company, Adfilm-Valas, to produce and direct television commercials. Adfilm Valas has also [[line producer|line-produced]] for many international feature films and ad films shot in India. Notably, the credit sequence of the film ''[[City of Joy]]'', and the French films {{ill|Le Cactus|fr|Le Cactus|italic=yes}} (2005) and ''Fire in Paradise''.

In 2015, he returned to films after 30 years, appearing in ''[[Singh is Bling]]'' as [[Amy Jackson]]'s character's father.

==Personal life==
Kunal Kapoor was born into the famous [[Kapoor family]], of Indian cinema. He is the eldest child of [[Shashi Kapoor]] and his British theater-actress wife [[Jennifer Kendal|Jennifer Kapoor]]. His paternal grandfather, [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], was a doyen of the theatre, a pioneer of the Indian film industry. His maternal grandfather, [[Geoffrey Kendal]], was a British theatre personality {{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Kapoor's siblings are [[Karan Kapoor]] (b. 18 January 1962) and [[Sanjana Kapoor]] (b. 27 November 1967). Karan, a popular model who also worked in a few films in the 1980s, now runs a photography business in the UK. Sanjana ran the ancestral [[Prithvi Theatre]] and is married to [[Valmik Thapar]], a noted conservationist.

Kunal was married to filmmaker [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s daughter Sheena, who is a well-known photographer. They have two children together, a son named [[Zahan Kapoor|Zahan Prithviraj Kapoor]], and a daughter. Kunal and Sheena are now divorced.<ref name=n18>[http://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/in-pics-meet-shashi-kapoors-family-992937-10.html Meet the Kapoors], [[Network 18]].</ref>

==Filmography==
===Actor===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year !! Film !!Role!!Notes
|-
|1972
|''[[Siddhartha (1972 film)|Siddhartha]]''
|Siddhartha's son
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|1978
|''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]''
|
|
|-
|1981
|''[[Ahista Ahista (1981 film)|Ahista Ahista]]''
|Kunal
|
|-
|1982
|''[[Vijeta (1982 film)|Vijeta]]''
|Angad
|
|-
|1984
|''[[Utsav]]''
|Aryak
|
|-
|1985
|''[[Trikal]]''
|Kapitan Ribeiro/ Governor
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Singh is Bling]]''
|Mr. Rana, Sara's Father
|<ref name=comeback>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shashi-kapoors-son-kunal-kapoor-returns-to-acting-with-akshay-kumars-singh-is-bliing/ Shashi Kapoor's son Kunal Kapoor returns to acting with Akshay Kumar's 'Singh Is Bliing']. [[The Indian Express]]. 26 June 2015</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]''
|[[Shuja-ud-Daula]]
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|0004431}}

{{Kapoor family}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Kunal}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian people of English descent ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Kapoor family|Kunal]]
[[Category:Kendal family|Kunal Kapoor]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian people]]

Malvika Singh

2025-10-27T02:12:01Z

BSHindia: put up new biography

{{Short description|Indian author (born 1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Malvika Singh
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 1949
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer, historian, columist
| language =
| nationality = 
| citizenship = 
| education = [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]] [[National School of Drama]]
| alma_mater = 
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notable_works = ''[[New Delhi: Making of a Capital]]'' (2009)
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives = Father ([[Romesh Thapar]])
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| signature_type =
| years_active =
| module =
| website = 
| portaldisp = 
}}
'''Malvika Singh''', also known as '''Mala Singh''', (born 1949) is an Indian author, historian, editor of ''[[Seminar (magazine)|Seminar]]'', and advocate of Indian handicrafts. Her books include ''[[New Delhi: Making of a Capital]]'' (2009).<ref name=Thatipalli2025>{{cite news |last1=Thatipalli |first1=Mallik |title=The warp and weft of India |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/hyderabad-chronicle/the-warp-and-weft-of-india-1867203 |access-date=17 July 2025 |work=www.deccanchronicle.com |date=16 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Malvika Singh, known affectionately as Mala, was born in 1949 in Mumbai, to [[Romesh Thapar]] and his wife Raj.<ref name=Shah2025>{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Ranvir |date=30 January 2025 |title=‘My saris and I have conversations’: Malvika Singh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/malvika-singh-saris-of-memory-book-textiles-stories/article69150691.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715145025/https://www.thehindu.com/books/malvika-singh-saris-of-memory-book-textiles-stories/article69150691.ece |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=Roli>{{cite web |title=Malvika Singh |url=https://rolibooks.com/digital-magazine/author/malvika-singh/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717091246/https://rolibooks.com/digital-magazine/author/malvika-singh/ |archive-date=17 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Roli}}</ref><ref name=DK2010>{{cite book |title=DK Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guide: Delhi |date=2010 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-1-4053-5997-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1X30ixEM4MC&pg=PA58 |language=en|page=58}}</ref> Her younger brother was [[Valmik Thapar]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nandi |first1=Jayashree |title=Man who moved mountains for tigers dies at 73 |url=https://epaper.hindustantimes.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=16d2842bac&imageview=0 |website=www.epaper.hindustantimes.com |access-date=18 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> By her teens the family had moved to Delhi where she attended [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]].<ref name=Jain2013>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Saudamini |date=7 December 2013 |title='Delhi, the perpetual city, has a soul unlike Mumbai' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/delhi-the-perpetual-city-has-a-soul-unlike-mumbai/story-OIEhyhQ6Zzym8nfR2pVa2K.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718075620/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/delhi-the-perpetual-city-has-a-soul-unlike-mumbai/story-OIEhyhQ6Zzym8nfR2pVa2K.html |archive-date=18 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> After leaving [[Miranda House]] she attended the [[National School of Drama]].<ref name=Singh2013>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kishore |date=21 January 2013 |title=Lunch with BS: Tejbir and Malvika Singh |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/lunch-with-bs-tejbir-and-malvika-singh-109111000001_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717174942/https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/lunch-with-bs-tejbir-and-malvika-singh-109111000001_1.html |archive-date=17 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |work=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
In her early twenties, Singh was employed by [[Pupul Jayakar]] at the [[Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation of India|Handicrafts and Handlooms Corporation of India]], working at its handicrafts store in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref name=Mehrotra2025>{{cite web |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Parth Phiroze |title=Saris, Memories and Lessons in Doing |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/books/saris-memories-and-lessons-in-doing/amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715144831/https://m.thewire.in/article/books/saris-memories-and-lessons-in-doing/amp |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> [[Ashok Advani]] then recruited her as editor of ''[[Business India]]''.<ref name=Singh2013/>

Singh's history books include ''[[New Delhi: Making of a Capital]]'', co-authored with [[Rudrangshu Mukherjee]], edited by [[Pramod Kapoor]], and published by [[Roli Books]] in 2009.<ref name=Konar2024>{{cite book |last1=Konar |first1=Ankur |title=Contextualizing Urban Narratives through the Socio-Spatial Dialectic |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-0364-0093-4 |pages=8-24 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdcBEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|language=en |chapter=2. Discourses on Delhi and Literary Representations}}</ref><ref name=SIE>{{cite web |title=Special India Edition |url=https://www.lutyenstrust.org.uk/portfolio-item/special-india-edition/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715145337/https://www.lutyenstrust.org.uk/portfolio-item/special-india-edition/ |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=The Lutyens Trust}}</ref> In 2025 she published ''[[Saris of Memory: A Memoir|Saris of Memory]]'', her book on the history the [[sari]], an item she collects and employs as a metaphor for Indian identity.<ref name=Kapur>{{cite web |last1=Kapur |first1=Mita |date=30 January 2025 |title=Saris of Memory by Malvika Singh chronicles the history of India's textile legacy through personal narratives |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/saris-of-memory-by-malvika-singh-chronicles-the-history-of-india-textile-legacy-through-personal-narratives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717084644/https://www.vogue.in/content/saris-of-memory-by-malvika-singh-chronicles-the-history-of-india-textile-legacy-through-personal-narratives |archive-date=17 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=Majumder>{{cite web |last1=Majumder |first1=Rishi |date=22 February 2025 |title=‘The way a sari is worn is a living dictionary of India’s stories’: Cultural historian Malvika Singh |url=https://scroll.in/article/1079318/the-way-a-sari-is-worn-is-a-living-dictionary-of-indias-stories-cultural-historian-malvika-singh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425014405/https://scroll.in/article/1079318/the-way-a-sari-is-worn-is-a-living-dictionary-of-indias-stories-cultural-historian-malvika-singh |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> It features significant accounts of the revival of Indian handlooms in the [[History of India (1947–present)|post-independence period]].<ref name=Majumder/>

==Selected publications==
*{{cite book |title=New Delhi: Making of a Capital |date=2009 |publisher=Lustre Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7436-574-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAAhQwAACAAJ |language=en}} (Co-author)
*{{cite book |title=Bhutan: Through the Lens of the King |date=2012 |publisher=Roli Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7436-859-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlZptwAACAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=Saris of Memory |date=2024 |publisher=NFW Productions Private Limited |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-921586-8-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OMi0QEACAAJ |language=en}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Malvika}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Modern School (New Delhi) alumni]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Indian collectors]]

Khan Zaman Khan Ali Asghar

2025-10-07T02:21:53Z

BSHindia:

{{Short description|Mughal nobleman (1673–1743)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox noble
|name = Ali Asghar
|image =
|caption=
| succession =
|reign = 18th century
|predecessor=
|successor =
|spouse = Shah Bibi
|full name = Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur Ali Asghar
| noble family = [[Qadi]]
| dynasty =
|father = [[Qazi Ghulam Mustafa]]
|mother = Bibi Rasti
|birth_date = 1673
|birth_place =[[Ferozepur Jhirka]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1743|01|30|1673|||df=yes}}
|death_place =[[Shahjahanbad]]
|place of burial =[[Ferozepur Jhirka]]
|}}

'''Ali Asghar''' (1673 – 30 January 1743) was one of the prominent [[Emir|Emirs]] and [[nobleman|noblemen]] during the [[Mughal Empire]]. He was entitled 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' by Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]]. He remained in many important posts during the successive rules of [[Bahadur Shah I]], [[Jahandar Shah]], [[Farrukhsiyar]], [[Rafi ud Darajat]], [[Shah Jahan II]] and [[Muhammad Shah]].

The fort at [[Ferozepur Jhirka]] was built by him. He died in [[Shahjahanbad]] (Delhi) on 4 [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] 1155 AH/30 January 1743 at the age of 70 years.<ref>Later Moghuls and Urdù literature by Iqtida Hasan, 1995, 319 pages</ref>

== Biography ==
Ali Asghar was the son of Kartalab Khan Bahadur Shahi [[Qazi Ghulam Mustafa]] and Bibi Rasti, a daughter of [[Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad]]. He was [[Mansabdar]] Punj Hazari (5,000) [[Emir]].

His forefathers were settled in [[Ferozepur Jhirka]] for a long time and made a big [[estate (land)|estate]] (riyasat) in that town.
His grandfather Dewan Shaikh Asaf and great grandfather Dewan Maskeen raised both name and fame. They were chief revenue officers of the province [[Mewat]] and were entitled [[Dewan]] by the Mughals.

In Shahnama Munawwar, he was mentioned as a "Mewati Ansari Khanzada"<ref>Shahnama Munawwar Kalam by Shiv Das Lakhnavi, page 232</ref> as he was the son of 'Nawab Kartalab Khan', hence 'Khanzada' and belonged to the family 'Ansar' of [[Medina]], hence 'Ansari'. His mother was the daughter of [[Syed Rafi Mohammad]], a Sayyid of Gurgaon, [[Haryana]].<ref>Tarikh Mohammadi by Mirza Mohammad bin Rustam Mukhatib ba Motamid Khan, Vol 2, No. 6: Ed. Imtiaz Ali Arshi, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1960. pp28</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>Tazkirat us-Salatin Chaghta – A Mughal Chronicle of Post Aurangzeb Period (1707–1724) by Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan; edited Persian text and with an Introduction by Muzaffar Alam (1980), Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) -202001, India</ref><ref>Tarikh-i-Muzaffari, Mohammad Ali Khan Ansari (ca 1212 AH/1797 AD), Manuscript extant in the Raza Library, Rampur</ref>

Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur handed over the keys of the [[Red Fort]] along with some treasures to [[Bahadur Shah I]] on 1 [[Rabi' al-awwal]], when the emperor was staying near [[Delhi]]<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi">Tazkirat us-Salatin Chaghta – A Mughal Chronicle of Post Aurangzeb Period (1707–1724) by Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan; edited Persian text and with an Introduction by Muzaffar Alam (1980), Centre of Advanced Study Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) -202001, India</ref>{{rp|10}}

Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur along with some other nobles like Muhammad Khan Bangash, Mir Musharraf and Chabila Ram Nagar came with the treasure to join prince Izzuddin (Prince Azzu-ud-Din/Izz-ud-Din Bahadur) son of [[Jahandar Shah]]<ref>Muslim society in northern India during the eighteenth century by Muhammad Umar, 1998, pp 717</ref>

In the book, 'Muraqqa'e Dehli' or 'The Delhi Album' or 'The Delhi during [[Muhammad Shah]]', a great detail of Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur's life and works are mentioned<ref>'Muraqqa'e Dehli' by Dargah Quli Khan Ed. Khaliq Anjum, Samar Offset Printers, New Delhi, 1993</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
*[[Shah Alam I]] alias [[Bahadur Shah I]] in his third Juloos (royal procession / parade) on 16 [[Jumada al-awwal]] awarded [[Khalat]]-e Barani<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|60}}
*[[Shah Alam I]] in his third Juloos on 7 [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]] awarded him [[Mansabdar|Mansab]] Teen Hazari (3,000) and Do Hazari [[Sawar]] (2,000)<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|82}}
*'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' and his close relative [[Islam Khan V]] (Barkhurdar Khan II) were invited to attend the marriage ceremony of the prince of [[Shah Alam I]]<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|92}}
*[[Shah Alam I]] in his fourth Juloos on 22 [[Shawwal]] awarded [[Khalat]]-e Fakhra<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|3 and 1}}
*[[Shah Alam I]] in his fifth Juloos on 5 [[Safar]] promoted 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur Ghalib Jung' with additional [[Mansabdar|Mansab]] Char Hazari (4,000) and [[Mansabdar#Zat and Sawar|zaat wa sowar]]<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|121}}
*On Friday 15 [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], in the second Juloos of Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]], 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' and his close relative [[Islam Khan V]] (Barkhurdar Khan II) attended the Friday prayer along with Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]]<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|171}}
*In between 7 and 12 [[Ramadan|Ramdan]] at the third Juloos of Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]], he was appointed as Naib [[Subahdar]] at [[Azimabad]] (Patna).<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|202}} In the same year at the end [[Ramadan|Ramdan]], he was awarded with Rs. 1 lac<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|203}}
*On 3 [[Moharram]] in the fourth Juloos of [[Farrukhsiyar]], he was appointed as Naib [[Subahdar]] at [[Multan]] and was awarded with another [[Khalat]].<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|216}} In the fifth Juloos of [[Farrukhsiyar]] on 27 [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], Aqidat Khan ibn Ameer Khan was appointed Naib [[Subahdar]] of [[Multan]] because of the transfer of 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur'<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|226}}
*'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' visited the fort of [[Farrukhsiyar]] and presented 100 moharen (gold coins) and 7 horses and in return, he was awarded [[Khalat]]-e Khaas<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|229}}
*On 5 [[Safar]] in the 6 Juloos, he was appointed as [[Subahdar]] at [[Awadh]] and [[Faujdar]] at Moazamabad and was awarded [[Mansabdar]] Punj Hazari (5,000) and 3,000 [[Sawar]]. This appointment was made in place of Aziz Khan Chughtai.<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|234}} On 22 [[Rabi' al-awwal]] in the 7 Juloos, Mahabat Khan was appointed as [[Subahdar]] of [[Awadh]] in place of 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' and in place of Sar Buland Khan, 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' was appointed as [[Subahdar]] of [[Azimabad]] (Patna) with the award of another [[Khalat]]<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|236}}
*[[Muhammad Shah]] on 15 [[Jumada al-Thani]] in his 4 Juloos, appointed 'Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur' as his 'Naib Mir Atish' (the 'master gunner') with the awards of [[Khalat]] and "Sar Pech".<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|237}} [[Muhammad Shah]] also in his 4 Juloos on 16 [[Shawwal]] awarded him [[Khalat]]e Fakhra and ‘'Sar Pech Marsah'’<ref name="Tazkirat_Hadi"/>{{rp|340}}
*He was also appointed as 'Khidmat Daroghgi Topkhana', a store of [[Armory (military)]] at [[Multan]]<ref>{{cite book | author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | author-link=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | year = 2008 | title = Hayat Karam Husain | chapter = Chapter: Qazi Rafi Mohammad | edition = 2nd | pages = 25–29| publisher=[[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]] | location = Aligarh/India | isbn = 978-81-906070-5-6}}</ref>

==Marriage and children==
He was first married to the sister of [[Islam Khan V]] also the daughter of Abdul Khaliq, son of Barkhurdar Khan I. His second wife was Shah Bibi, daughter of Qazi Syed Asadullah of [[Rewari]] and maternal granddaughter of Abdul Hadi, son of Qazi Ibrahim of [[Tijara]].

==See also==
*[[Syed Rafi Mohammad]]
*[[Ferozepur Jhirka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Asghar, Nawab Khan Zaman Khan}}
[[Category:18th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:17th-century births]]
[[Category:1743 deaths]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:People from Ferozepur Jhirka]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Emirs]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Awadh]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian nobility]]

Star Kiran

2025-10-05T03:05:57Z

BSHindia: put up new article first draft.

{{short description|Indian Odia language TV channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Star Kiran
| logo = Star Kiran logo 2023.png
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2022
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2022|06|06}}
| closed_date =
| picture_format = [[576i]] for [[SDTV]] feed) '''SD''' feed available only
| network =
| owner = [[JioStar]]
| headquarters = [[Bhubaneswar, Odisha]], India
| country = India
| language = Odia
| area = India
| sister_channels = [[JioStar#Owned channels|JioStar Channels]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.hotstar.com/channels/star-kiran|Star Kiran}} on [[JioHotstar]]
}}

'''Star Kiran'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star announces the launch of dedicated Odia channel, Star Kiran |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/disney-star-announces-the-launch-of-dedicated-odia-channel-star-kiran |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=afaqs!}}</ref> is an Indian [[Odia language]] [[general entertainment]] [[pay television]] channel owned by [[JioStar]], a joint venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-16|title=Disney Star India pulls 13 SD and 20 HD channels from bouquets|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/disney-star-india-pulls-13-sd-and-20-hd-channels-from-bouquets-211016|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Indian Television}}</ref> the channel was launched on 6 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star to launch Odia channel Star Kiran - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/disney-star-launches-odia-channel-star-kiran-120354.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star announces launch of Odia channel, Star Kiran |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/05/disney-star-announces-launch-of-odia-channel-star-kiran |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=19 May 2022 }}</ref> It primarily broadcasts [[Indian television drama|family dramas]], [[comedies]], [[reality shows]] and films. Star Kiran HD is the first Odia High-definition (HD) television channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Kirano HD Odia Channel From Star TV Network|url=https://techdhoom.in/star-kirano-hd-odia-channel-from-star-tv-network-coming-soon/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=Techdhoom}}</ref> The HD feed of the channel closed on March 15, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Akansha |title=JioStar shuts 9 channels including Comedy Central; introduces 8 new sports channels |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/television/jiostar-shuts-9-channels-including-comedy-central-introduces-8-new-sports-channels-8727716 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word Kiran (କିରଣ) means ray of light in Odia language. The slogan of Star Kiran is ''Eithu Arambha, Eithi Sambhaba'', which means "Starts from here, Possible here" in Odia language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star India to launch Odia channels Star Kirano & Star Kirano HD - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/disney-star-india-to-launch-star-kirano-star-kirano-hd-on-june-1-119717.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Disney Star India to launch Odia GEC 'Star Kiran' on 6th June |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/disney-star-india-to-launch-odia-gec-star-kiran-on-6th-june/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=MediaNews4U |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star to launch new Odia GEC 'Star Kirano' |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/04/disney-star-to-launch-new-odia-gec-star-kirano/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=18 April 2022 }}</ref>

==Functions==
The channel has a variety of shows as well as movies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney Star says Namaskara Odisha; announces the launch of dedicated Odia channel, Star Kiran |url=https://www.passionateinmarketing.com/disney-star-says-namaskara-odisha-announces-the-launch-of-dedicated-odia-channel-star-kiran/ |website=Passionate In Marketing |date=19 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> It also made a [[Raja (festival)|Raja Festival]] Special program with [[Ollywood]] celebrities known as "Banaste Daakila Gaja". The channel also organised a special event for Independence day 2022 as "Ude Triranga" and Dussehra Show with Star Kiran Serial casts known as "Aama Ghara Dussehra".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Odia TV Channels}}
{{STAR}}
{{Fox Entertainment Group}}
{{Lists of TV programs by country}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Odia-language television channels]]
[[Category:Disney Star]]
[[Category:Television stations in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Odisha]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2022]]

Mahasiddha

2025-07-31T11:35:46Z

BSHindia: small fix

{{Short description|Master practitioner of yoga and tantra}}
[[File:Indian Adept (siddha) - (multiple figures)18th century Boston MFA.jpg|thumb|255px|Four Mahasiddhas (18th century, Boston MFA). [[Saraha]] in top left, Dombhi Heruka top right, [[Naropa]] bottom left, and [[Virupa]] bottom right.]]

'''Mahasiddha''' ([[Sanskrit]]: ''mahāsiddha'' "great adept; {{bo|t=གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཆེན་པོ|w=grub thob chen po|s=druptop chenpo}}) is a term for someone who embodies and cultivates the "[[siddhi]] of perfection". A [[siddha]] is an individual who, through the practice of [[sādhanā]], attains the realization of [[siddhi]]s, psychic and spiritual abilities and powers.

Mahasiddhas were practitioners of [[yoga]] and [[tantra]], or ''tantrika''s. Their historical influence throughout the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the [[Himalayas]] was vast and they reached mythic proportions as codified in their [[songs of realization]] and [[hagiography|hagiographies]], or [[Namtar (biography)|namtar]]s, many of which have been preserved in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]]. The Mahasiddhas are identified as founders of [[Vajrayana]] traditions and [[lineage (Buddhism)|lineages]] such as [[Dzogchen]] and [[Mahamudra]], as well as among [[Bon|Bön]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bstan-vdzin-rnam-dag |title=Masters of the Zhang Zhung Nyengyud: pith instructions from the experiential transmission of Bönpo Dzogchen |last2=Ermakova |first2=Carol |last3=Ermakov |first3=Dmitry |last4=Bstan-vdzin-rnam-dag |date=2011 |publisher=Heritage Publ |isbn=978-81-7026-268-8 |edition=Repr |location=New Delhi}}</ref> [[Nath|Nāth]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=White |first=David Gordon |title=The alchemical body: Siddha Traditions in medieval India |date=1998 |publisher=University of Chicago press |isbn=978-0-226-89499-7 |location=Chicago |pages=78–87}}</ref> and Tamil [[Siddhar|siddhars]], with the same Mahasiddha sometimes serving simultaneously as a founding figure for different traditions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

[[Robert Thurman]] explains the symbiotic relationship between Tantric Buddhist communities and the Buddhist universities such as [[Nalanda]] which flourished at the same time.{{efn|{{harvp|Gray|2007|pp=ix-x}}: "The Tantric communities of India in the latter half of the first Common Era millennium (and perhaps even earlier) were something like 'Institutes of Advanced Studies' in relation to the great Buddhist monastic 'Universities'. They were research centers for highly cultivated, successfully graduated experts in various branches of Inner Science (adhyatmavidya), some of whom were still monastics and could move back and forth from university (vidyalaya) to 'site' (patha), and many of whom had resigned vows of poverty, celibacy, and so forth, and were living in the classical Indian [[sannyasa|sannyāsin]] or sādhu style. I call them the '[[Psychonaut|psychonauts]]' of the tradition, in parallel with our 'astronauts', the materialist scientist-adventurers whom we admire for their courageous explorations of the 'outer space' which we consider the matrix of material reality. Inverse astronauts, the psychonauts voyaged deep into 'inner space', encountering and conquering angels and demons in the depths of their subconscious minds."}}

==Genealogy and historical dates==
The exact [[genealogy]] and historical dates of the Mahasiddhas are contentious. As Jackson notes, "despite their importance and influence, the siddhas ... remain profoundly elusive, especially to the historian. We don’t know exactly who they were, what religious allegiance they claimed, where or when—or even if—they lived, or how many of the works attributed to them really are theirs".<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tantric treasures: three collections of mystical verse from Buddhist India |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-516640-8 |editor-last=Jackson |editor-first=Roger R. |location=New York |pages=5 |editor-last2=Saraha |editor-last3=Kṛṣṇavajrapāda |editor-last4=Ti-lo-pa |editor-last5=Kr̥nsṇavajrapāda |editor-last6=Tillopāda}}</ref> Comparing Abhayadattaśrī's and Ratnākaragupta's Vajrāsana lists of the 84 siddhas, Lopez found that only 34 names are held in common.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lopez |first=Donald S. |title=Seeing the sacred in samsara: an illustrated guide to the eighty-four tantric mahāsiddhas |date=2019 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-1-61180-404-1 |location=Boulder, Colorado |pages=8}}</ref> Dowman (1986) holds that they all lived between 750 and 1150 CE.

==Primary tradition==
[[File:Eight Mahasiddhas - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Eight Mahasiddhas with the bodhisattva [[Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)|Samantabhadra]] (top); 1st row (l->r): Darikapa, Putalipa, Upanaha; 2nd row: Kokilipa and Anangapa; 3rd row: Lakshmikara; Samudra; Vyalipa.]]

[[file:The Mahasiddha (Great Adept) Vanaratna (1384-1468) Receiving Abhishekha (Initiation) from Sita Tara (White Tara) LACMA M.77.19.3.jpg|thumb|The Mahasiddha [[Vanaratna]] (1384-1468) receiving Abhishekha (Initiation) from Sita Tara (White Tara)]]

[[file:The Mahasiddha (Great Adept) Luyipa LACMA M.80.97.1.jpg|thumb|Terracotta sculpture of Luyipa, Nepal, Patan or Thimi, early 17th century]]

[[Abhayadatta Sri]] is an Indian scholar of the 12th century who is claimed to have recorded the [[hagiographies]] of the eighty-four [[siddha]]s in a text known as ''The History of the Eighty-four Mahasiddhas'' (Sanskrit: ''Caturasitisiddha pravrtti''; {{bo|w=grub thob brgyad bcu tsa bzhi'i lo rgyus}}).

Dowman holds that the eighty-four Mahasiddha are spiritual [[archetypes]]:

{{blockquote|The number eighty-four is a "whole" or "perfect" number. Thus the eighty-four siddhas can be seen as archetypes representing the thousands of exemplars and adepts of the tantric way. The siddhas were remarkable for the diversity of their family backgrounds and the dissimilarity of their social roles. They were found in every reach of the social structure: kings and ministers, priests and yogins, poets and musicians, craftsmen and farmers, housewives and whores.<ref>{{harvp|Dowman|1985|loc=[http://www.keithdowman.net/essays/siddhas.htm Introduction]}}.</ref>}}

Reynolds (2007) states that the mahasiddha tradition "evolved in North India in the early Medieval Period (3–13 cen. CE). Philosophically this movement was based on the insights revealed in the Mahayana Sutras and as systematized in the Madhyamaka and Chittamatrin schools of philosophy, but the methods of meditation and practice were radically different than anything seen in the monasteries.<ref name=MTT>{{harvp|Reynolds|n.d.}}.</ref> He proffers that the mahasiddha tradition "broke with the conventions of Buddhist monastic life of the time, and abandoning the monastery they practiced in the caves, the forests, and the country villages of Northern India. In complete contrast to the settled monastic establishment of their day, which concentrated the Buddhist intelligenzia [''sic.''] in a limited number of large monastic universities, they adopted the life-style of itinerant mendicants, much as the wandering Sadhus of modern India."<ref name=MTT />

The [[charnel ground]] conveys how great mahasiddhas in the [[Nath]] and Vajrayana traditions such as [[Tilopa]] (988–1069) and [[Gorakshanath]] (fl. 11th – 12th century) yoked adversity to till the soil of the path and accomplish the fruit:
{{blockquote|The charnel ground is not merely the hermitage; it can also be discovered or revealed in completely terrifying mundane environments where practitioners find themselves desperate and depressed, where conventional worldly aspirations have become devastated by grim reality. This is demonstrated in the sacred biographies of the great siddhas of the Vajrayāna tradition. Tilopa attained realization as a grinder of sesame seeds and a procurer for a prominent prostitute. Sarvabhakṣa was an extremely obese glutton, Gorakṣa was a cowherd in remote climes, Taṅtepa was addicted to gambling, and Kumbharipa was a destitute potter. These circumstances were charnel grounds because they were despised in Indian society and the siddhas were viewed as failures, marginal and defiled.<ref>{{harvp|Simmer-Brown|2002|p=127}}.</ref>}}

In his study of the Hevajra Tantra, David Snellgrove outlines the typical tantric siddha or yogi. After experiencing the consummation of enlightenment in the embrace of a female consort:
<blockquote>Thereafter the pupil is free to pursue the practice of strenuous meditation and physical self-control, and after five years or more he will perhaps succeed. He receives the five symbolic adornments, crown, ear-rings, necklace, bracelets, girdle, signs of his success. These he wears on those set occasions, the eighth or fifteenth day of the dark-fortnight, when perfected yogins and yoginis come together, to consume the flesh and wine, to sing and dance, and realize their consummation of bliss. He is free from all conventions and wanders as he pleases, knowing no distinction between friend or foe, clean or unclean, good or evil.<ref>{{harvp|Snellgrove|2010|p=11}}.</ref></blockquote>

==Other traditions==
According to Ulrich von Schroeder, Tibet has different traditions relating to the mahasiddhas. Among these traditions, two were particularly popular, namely the Abhayadatta Sri list and the so-called Vajrasana list. The number of mahasiddhas varies between eighty-four and eighty-eight, and only about thirty-six of the names occur in both lists. In many instances more than one [[siddha]] with the same name exists, so it must be assumed that fewer than thirty siddhas of the two traditions actually relate to the same historical persons. In the days when the siddhas of the later Tibetan traditions flourished in India (i.e., between the 9th and 11th centuries), it was not uncommon for initiates to assume the names of famous adepts of the past. Sometimes a disciple would have the same name as his guru, while still other names were based on caste or tribe. In such a context the distinction between siddhas of the same name becomes blurred. The entire process of distinguishing between siddhas with the same name of different texts and lineages is therefore to large extent guesswork. The great variation in phonetic transcription of Indian words into Tibetan may partly be the result of various Tibetan dialects. In the process of copying the Tibetan transcriptions in later times, the spelling often became corrupted to such an extent that the recognition or reconstitution of the original names became all but impossible. Whatever the reasons might be, the Tibetan transcription of Indian names of mahasiddhas clearly becomes more and more corrupt as time passes.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

==Geographical sites==
Local folk tradition refers to a number of icons and sacred sites to the eighty-four Mahasiddha at [[Bharmour]] (formerly known as [[Brahmapura]]) in the Chaurasi complex.<ref>{{harvp|Hāṇḍā|1994|p=85}}.</ref> The word ''chaurasi'' means "eighty-four".

{{blockquote|It is also very significant that nowhere else, except at Bharmaur in Chamba district, may be seen the living tradition of the Eighty-four Siddhas. In the Chaurasi temple complex, near which the famous temple of goddess Lakshana (8th century A.D.) stands, there once were eighty-four small shrines, each dedicated to a Siddha.<ref>{{harvp|Hāṇḍā|1994|p=98}}.</ref>}}

A number of archaeological sacred sites require iconographic analysis in the Chaurasi complex in [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh]]. Although it might be hagiographical accretion and folk lore, it is said that in the reign of [[Sahil Varman]]:

{{blockquote|Soon after Sahil Varman's accession Brahmapura was visited by 84 yogis/mahasidhas, who were greatly pleased with the Raja's piety and hospitality; and as he had no heir, they promised him ten sons and in due course ten sons were born and also a daughter named Champavati.{{cite quote|date=December 2015}} }}

==Caturāsiti-siddha-pravrtti==
{{Vajrayana}}
The ''Caturasiti-siddha-pravrtti'' (CSP), “The Lives of the Eighty-four Siddhas”, compiled by Abhayadatta Sri, a Northern Indian Sanskrit text dating from the 11th or 12th century, comes from a tradition prevalent in the ancient city-state of Campa in the modern state of Bihar. Only Tibetan translations of this Sanskrit text seem to have survived. This text was translated into Tibetan by sMon grub Shes rab and is known as the ''Grub thob brgyad cu rtsa bzhi’i lo rgyus'' or “The Legends of the Eighty-four Siddhas”. It has been suggested that Abhayadatta Sri is identical with the great Indian scholar [[Abhayakaragupta|Mahapandita Abhayakaragupta]] (late 11th–early 12th century), the compiler of the iconographic compendiums ''Vajravali'', ''Nispannayogavali'', and ''Jyotirmanjari''.

The other major Tibetan tradition is based on the list contained in the ''Caturasiti-siddhabhyarthana'' (CSA) by Ratnakaragupta of Vajrasana, identical with Bodhgaya (Tib.: rDo rje gdan) located in Bihar, Northern India. The Tibetan translation is known as ''Grub thob brgyad cu rtsa bzhi’i gsol ’debs '' by rDo rje gdan pa. There exist several Tibetan versions of the list of mahasiddhas based on the Vajrasana text. However, these Tibetan texts differ in many cases with regard to the Tibetan transcriptions of the Indian mahasiddhas names.<ref name="vonSchroeder2006">{{harvp|von Schroeder|2006}}.</ref>

==Eighty-Four Mahasiddhas==
By convention there are eighty-four Mahasiddhas in both Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist traditions, with some overlap between the two lists. The number is congruent with the number of siddhi or occult powers held in the [[Indian Religions]]. In [[Tibetan art|Tibetan Buddhist art]] they are often depicted together as a matched set in works such as [[thangka]] paintings where they may be used collectively as border decorations around a central figure.

Each Mahasiddha has come to be known for certain characteristics and teachings, which facilitates their pedagogical use. One of the most beloved Mahasiddhas is [[Virupa|Virūpa]], who may be taken as the patron saint of the [[Sakyapa]] sect and instituted the [[Lamdré]] (Tibetan: ''lam 'bras'') teachings. Virupa (alternate orthographies: Birwapa/Birupa) lived in 9th century [[India]] and was known for his great attainments.

Some of the methods and practices of the Mahasiddha were codified in Buddhist scriptures known as [[Tantra|Tantras]]. Traditionally the ultimate source of these methods and practices is held to be the historical Buddha Shakyamuni, but often it is a transhistorical aspect of the Buddha or deity [[Vajradhara]] who reveals the Tantra in question directly to the Mahasiddha in a vision or whilst they dream or are in a [[trance]]. This form of the deity is known as a [[sambhogakaya]] manifestation.

Four of the eighty-four Mahasiddhas are women.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yoniversum.nl/dakini/mahasid2.html |work=Yoniversum.nl |title=Names of the 84 Mahasiddhas |access-date=2015-03-21}}</ref> They are:
*''Manibhadra'', the Perfect Wife
*''Lakshmincara'', The Princess of [[Crazy wisdom]]
*''[[Mekhala and Kanakhala|Mekhala]]'', the elder of the 2 Headless Sisters
*''[[Mekhala and Kanakhala|Kanakhala]]'', the younger of the 2 Headless Sisters

===List of the Mahasiddhas===
{| class="nounderlines" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" style="background:transparent;"
|- valign="top"
| [[File:Nagarjuna with 84 mahasiddha.jpg|320px]]
| [[File:Vajradhara Buddha with 84 mahasiddha.jpg|320px]]
| [[File:Atisha with 84 mahasiddha.jpg|320px]]
|-
| ''[[Nagarjuna|Nāgārjuna]] with 34 Mahāsiddhas'' ({{Circa|1750}}), Tibetan Buddhist ''[[thangka]]'' currently preserved in the [[Rubin Museum of Art]], New York City
| [[Vajradhara]] and 25 Mahāsiddhas
| [[Atiśa]] and 28 Mahāsiddhas
|}
In [[Vajrayana Buddhism]] there are eighty-four Mahasiddhas. The list (in alphabetical order) below includes their name and their epithet. An asterisk after their name denotes a female Mahasiddha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=varuna_balakrishnan |url=https://archive.org/details/mahamudramastersofmahamudrasongsandhistoriesof84buddhistssiddhaskeithdowmansunny_202002/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Mahamudra, Masters Of Mahamudra Songs And Histories Of 84 Buddhists Siddhas Keith Dowman Sunny}}</ref>

Many Mahasiddhas practiced specific tantras, for example Brahman Kukkuripa (34th in Abhyadatta's list) of Kapilaśakru practiced [[Cakrasaṃvara Tantra]], Monk Virūpa (3) of Somapuri practiced [[Hevajra]] for 12 years, Monk Karṇaripa (Aryadeva) (18) of Nālandā practiced [[Guhyasamāja]].

#[[Acinta]], the "Avaricious Hermit";
#[[Ajogi]], the "Rejected Wastrel";
#[[Anangapa]], the "Handsome Fool";
#[[Aryadeva]] (Karnaripa), the "One-Eyed",(fl. 3rd century CE), Nalanda;
#[[Babhaha]], the "Free Lover";
#[[Bhadrapa]], the "Exclusive Brahmin";
#[[Bhandepa]], the "Envious God";
#[[Bhiksanapa]], "Siddha Two-Teeth";
#Bhusuku ([[Shantideva]]), the "Idle Monk";
#[[Camaripa]], the "Divine Cobbler";
#Champaka, the "Flower King";
#[[Carbaripa]] (Carpati) "the Petrifyer";
#[[Catrapa]], the "Lucky Beggar";
#[[Caurangipa]], "the Dismembered Stepson";
#[[Celukapa]], the "Revitalized Drone";
#[[Darikapa]], the "Slave-King of the Temple Whore";
#[[Dengipa]], the "Courtesan's Brahmin Slave";
#[[Dhahulipa]], the "Blistered Rope-Maker";
#[[Dharmapa]], the "Eternal Student" (c.900 CE);
#[[Dhilipa]], the "Epicurean Merchant";
#[[Dhobipa]], the "Wise Washerman";
#[[Dhokaripa]], the "Bowl-Bearer";
#[[Dombi Heruka]], the "Tiger Rider";
#[[Dukhandi]], the "Scavenger";
#[[Ghantapa]], the "Celibate Bell-Ringer";
#[[Gharbari]] or [[Gharbaripa]], the "Contrite Scholar" (Skt., [[pandit]]a);
#[[Godhuripa]], the "Bird Catcher";
#[[Goraksha]], the "Immortal Cowherd";
#[[Indrabhuti]], the "Enlightened Siddha-King";
#[[Jalandhara (Mahasiddha)|Jalandhara]], the "Dakini's Chosen One";
#[[Jayananda]], the "Crow Master";
#[[Jogipa]], the "Siddha-Pilgrim";
#[[Kalapa (Mahasiddha)|Kalapa]], the "Handsome Madman";
#[[Kamparipa]], the "Blacksmith";
#[[Kambala (Mahasiddha)|Kambala]] (Lavapa), the "Black-Blanket-Clad Yogin";
#Kanakhala*, the younger Severed-Headed Sister;
#[[Kanhapa]] (Krishnacharya), the "Dark Siddha";
#[[Kankana]], the "Siddha-King";
#[[Kankaripa]], the "Lovelorn Widower";
#[[Kantalipa]], the "Ragman-Tailor";
#[[Kapalapa]], the "Skull Bearer";
#[[Khadgapa]], the "Fearless Thief";
#[[Kilakilapa]], the "Exiled Loud-Mouth";
#[[Kirapalapa]] (Kilapa), the "Repentant Conqueror";
#[[Kokilipa]], the "Complacent Aesthete";
#[[Kotalipa]] (or [[Tog tse pa]], the "Peasant Guru";
#[[Kucipa]], the "Goitre-Necked Yogin";
#[[Kukkuripa]], (late 9th/10th Century), the "Dog Lover";
#[[Kumbharipa]], "the Potter";
#[[Laksminkara]]*, "The Mad Princess";
#[[Lilapa]], the "Royal Hedonist";
#[[Lucikapa]], the "Escapist";
#[[Luipa]]da, the "Fish-Gut Eater";
#[[Mahipa]], the "Greatest";
#Manibhadra*, the "Happy Housewife";
#[[Medhini]], the "Tired Farmer";
#[[Mekhala and Kanakhala|Mekhala]]*, the Elder Severed-Headed Sister;
#[[Mekopa]], the "Guru Dread-Stare";
#[[Minapa]], the "Fisherman";
#[[Nagabodhi]], the "Red-Horned Thief'";
#[[Nagarjuna]], "Philosopher and Alchemist", a Brahmin, (c. 150 – c. 250 CE);
#[[Nalinapa]], the "Self-Reliant Prince";
#[[Nirgunapa]], the "Enlightened Moron";
#[[Naropa]], the "Dauntless";
#[[Pacaripa]], the "Pastrycook";
#[[Pankajapa]], the "Lotus-Born Brahmin";
#[[Putalipa]], the "Mendicant Icon-Bearer";
#[[Rahula (Mahasiddha)|Rahula]], the "Rejuvenated Dotard";
#[[Saraha]], the "Great Brahmin", the teacher of [[Nagarjuna]], eastern India;
#[[Sakara (Mahasiddha)|Sakara]] or [[Saroruha]];
#[[Samudra (Mahasiddha)|Samudra]], the "Pearl Diver";
#[[Śāntipa]] (or Ratnākaraśānti), the "Complacent Missionary";
#[[Sarvabhaksa]], the "Glutton";
#[[Savaripa]], the "Hunter", held to have incarnated in [[Drukpa Künleg]];
#[[Syalipa]], the "Jackal Yogin";
#[[Tantepa]], the "Gambler";
#[[Tantipa]], the "Senile Weaver";
#[[Thaganapa]], the "Compulsive Liar";
#[[Tilopa]], the "Great Renunciate"
#[[Udhilipa]], the "Bird-Man";
#[[Upanaha]], the "Bootmaker";
#[[Vinapa]], the "Musician";
#[[Virupa]], the "Dakini Master";t neutral.
#[[Vyalipa]], the "Courtesan's Alchemist";

===Names according to the Abhayadatta Sri tradition===
According to Ulrich von Schroeder, Tibet has different traditions relating to the mahasiddhas. Among these traditions, two were particularly popular, namely the Abhayadatta Sri list and the so-called Vajrasana list. The number of mahasiddhas varies between eighty-four and eighty-eight, and only about thirty-six of the names occur in both lists. It is therefore also wrong to state that in Buddhism are 84 Mahasiddhas. The correct title should therefore be ''Names of the 84 Mahasiddhas according to the Abhayadatta Sri Tradition''. It should also be clearly stated that only Tibetan translations of this Sanskrit text ''Caturasiti-siddha-pravrtti'' (CSP) or ''The Lives of the Eighty-four Siddhas'' seem to have survived. This means that many Sanskrit names of the Abhayadatta Sri tradition had to be reconstructed and perhaps not always correctly.

===Identification===
According to Ulrich von Schroeder for the identification of Mahasiddhas inscribed with Tibetan names it is necessary to reconstruct the Indian names. This is a very difficult task because the Tibetans are very inconsistent with the transcription or translation of Indian personal names and therefore many different spellings do exist. When comparing the different Tibetan texts on mahasiddhas, we can see that the transcription or translation of the names of the Indian masters into the Tibetan language was inconsistent and confused. The most unsettling example is an illustrated Tibetan block print from Mongolia about the mahasiddhas, where the spellings in the text vary greatly from the captions of the xylographs.<ref>{{harvp|Egyed|1984}}</ref> To quote a few examples: Kankaripa [Skt.] is named Kam ka li/Kangga la pa; Goraksa [Skt.]: Go ra kha/Gau raksi; Tilopa [Skt.]: Ti la blo ba/Ti lla pa; Dukhandi [Skt.]: Dha khan dhi pa/Dwa kanti; Dhobipa [Skt.]: Tom bhi pa/Dhu pi ra; Dengipa (CSP 31): Deng gi pa / Tinggi pa; Dhokaripa [Skt.]: Dho ka ra / Dhe ki ri pa; Carbaripa (Carpati) [Skt.]: Tsa ba ri pa/Tsa rwa ti pa; Sakara [Skt.]: Phu rtsas ga’/Ka ra pa; Putalipa [Skt.]: Pu ta la/Bu ta li, etc. In the same illustrated Tibetan text we find another inconsistency: the alternate use of transcription and translation. Examples are Nagarjuna [Skt.]: Na ga’i dzu na/Klu sgrub; Aryadeva (Karnaripa) [Skt.]: Ka na ri pa/’Phags pa lha; and Ghantapa [Skt.]: Ghanda pa/rDo rje dril bu pa, to name a few.<ref name="vonSchroeder2006"/>

===Concordance lists===
For the identification of individual mahasiddhas the concordance lists published by Ulrich von Schroeder are useful tools for every scholar. The purpose of the concordance lists published in the appendices of his book is primarily for the reconstitution of the Indian names, regardless of whether they actually represent the same historical person or not. The index of his book contains more than 1000 different Tibetan spellings of mahasiddha names.<ref name="vonSchroeder2006"/>

==Tibetan mahasiddhas==
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Anonymous_-_Milarepa_on_Mount_Kailash_-_1995.277_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg|thumb|275px|Milarepa on [[Mount Kailash]]]]
[[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] masters of various lineages are often referred to as mahasiddhas (''grub thob chen po'' or ''tul shug''). There is a long tradition of hagiographies of these Tibetan adepts, called [[Namtar (biography)|''namtar'']]. Their deeds were first documented in the 12th century in the Vajryana text ''Caturasitisiddha - pravrtti''.{{sfnp|Rispa|1992|p=303}}

Important Tibetan mahasiddhas include:

* [[Padmasambhava]], who is said to have brought Buddhism to Tibet and tamed the harmful spirits of Tibet, converting them to Buddhism.{{sfnp|Morgan|2010|p=208}}
* [[Yeshe Tsogyal]], Padmasambhava's consort
* [[Marpa Lotsawa|Marpa the translator]] (1012–1097), a lay scholar-yogi who is a key figure in the [[Kagyu]] lineage
* [[Machig Labdrön]] (1055-1149), a female mahasiddha, the founding figure of the [[Chöd]] ([[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: ''gcod'') lineage.
* [[Milarepa]] (c. 11th - 12th century), a wilderness yogi, one of the most revered figures in Tibetan Buddhism
* [[Longchenpa]], a key figure of the [[Nyingma]] school
* [[Je Tsongkhapa]], the founder of what became the [[Gelug]] school
* [[Thang Tong Gyalpo|Thangtong Gyalpo]]
* [[Drukpa Kunley]]
* [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] "The Madman Heruka from Tsang", (1452-1507)
* [[Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol]] (1781-1851)
* [[Jigme Lingpa]], an important [[Tertön|terton]] (treasure revealer)

==See also==
*{{annotated link|Charyapada}}
*{{annotated link|Matsyendranatha}}
*{{annotated link|Secret Chiefs}}
*{{annotated link|Twilight language}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Works cited===
*{{cite book |last=Dowman |first=Keith |year=1985 |title=Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas |series=SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies |location=Albany, NY |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |isbn=0-88706-160-5}}
*{{cite book |author=Dudjom Rinpoche |author-link=Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje |year=2002 |title=The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History |edition=2nd |others=Translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with Matthew Kapstein |publisher=Wisdom Publications |location=Boston |isbn=0-86171-087-8 }}
*{{cite book |first=Alice |last=Egyed |title=The Eighty-four Siddhas: A Tibetan Blockprint from Mongolia |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1984 |isbn=9630538350}}
*{{cite book |last=Gray |first=David B. |year=2007 |title=The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Sri Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation |series=Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0975373460}}
*{{cite book |last=Hāṇḍā |first=Omacanda |year=1994 |title=Buddhist Art & Antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, Upto 8th Century A.D. |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=9788185182995}}
* {{cite book |last=Morgan |first=D. |year=2010 |title=Essential Buddhism: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice |place=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-38452-3}}
*{{cite news |last=Reynolds |first=John Myrdhin |date=n.d. |title=The Mahasiddha Tradition In Tibet |work=Vajranatha.com |url=http://www.vajranatha.com/teaching/MahasiddhaTradition.htm |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313230515/http://vajranatha.com/teaching/MahasiddhaTradition.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last=Rispa |first=R. |year=1992 |title=Art and Culture Around 1492: 1992 Seville Universal Exposition |place=Italy |publisher=Centro Publicaciones, Expo '92 |isbn=978-8843541126}}
*{{cite book |author-link=Judith Simmer-Brown |last=Simmer-Brown |first=Judith |year=2002 |title=Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambhala Publications |isbn=978-1-57062-920-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Snellgrove |first=David |year=2010 |title=The Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study |publisher=Orchid |isbn=978-9745241282}}
*{{cite book |last=von Schroeder |first=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Empowered Masters: Tibetan Wall Paintings of Mahasiddhas at Gyantse |location=Chicago |publisher=Serindia Publications |isbn=978-1932476248}}
* {{Cite book |title=Six yogas of Naropa & teachings on Mahamudra |year=1986 |orig-year=1963 |publisher=Snow Lion Publications |editor-last=Zhang |editor-first=Zhenji |isbn=0937938335 |location=Ithaca, NY |oclc=13457033}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web |first=H. R. |last=Downs |url=http://www.keithdowman.net/art/hrd/index.htm |title=The Mahasiddha Linedrawings of H. R. Downs |year=1999 |work=KeithDowman.net |access-date=2015-03-21}} Also in Dowman (1986).
*{{cite book |last=Lopez |first=Donald |year=2019 |title=Seeing the Sacred in Samsara: An Illustrated Guide to the Eighty-Four Mahāsiddhas |location=Boulder, CO |publisher=[[Shambhala Publications]] |isbn=9781611804041}}
*{{cite book |first=Hasna Jasimuddin |last=Moudud |chapter=The Caraypadas — the Yoga Songs and Poetry of the Maha Siddhas |title=A Thousand Year Old Bengali Mystic Poetry |publisher=University Press |location=Bangladesh |year=1992 |isbn=9840511939}}
*{{cite book |last=White |first=David Gordon |year=1998 |title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India |edition=1st |publisher=University Of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226894997}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/lamdre.pdf |title=Lamdre: Dawn of Enlightenment |first=Lama Choedak |last=Yuthok |location=Canberra, Australia |publisher=Goram Publications |year=1997 |isbn=0-9587085-0-9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201193403/http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/lamdre.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-01 }}

==External links==
*[http://www.himalayanart.org/pages/indian_adepts.pdf The 84 Indian Adepts of Abhayadatta System]
*[http://www.himalayanart.org/pages/mahaabhayadatta/index.html Mahasiddha: Buddhist Tantric Teachers of India]

{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Mahasiddhas| ]]
[[Category:Buddhist titles]]
[[Category:Buddhist yogis|*]]
[[Category:Hindu spiritual teachers|*]]
[[Category:Religious leadership roles]]

Sikkil R. Bhaskaran

2025-06-20T23:26:41Z

BSHindia: put up a pg first draft

{{Short description|Indian violinist (1936–2021)}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=November 2013}}
{{Notability|Biography|date=July 2023}}}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{infobox person
|name =Sikkil R. Bhaskaran
|birth_name =Sikkil Rajagopala Bhaskaran
|birth_date ={{birth date|1936|5|4|df=y}}
|birth_place =Sikkil, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|7|20|1936|5|4}}

}}

'''Sikkil R. Bhaskaran''' (4 May 1936 – 20 July 2021) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/the-torchbearer-of-rajamanickam-pillai-style/article35604117.ece|title=Sikkil Bhaskaran — torchbearer of the Rajamanickam Pillai style|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 July 2021|last1=Ramakrishnan|first1=H.}}</ref> was a violinist in [[Carnatic music]] and Tamil Isai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/sikkil_r._bhaskaran-profile-6818-24.htm|title = Sikkil R. Bhaskaran}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Bhaskar, Radha. "A Versatile Violinist... Sikkil R. Bhaskaran." ''Samudhra.'' December 2009: 3–11. Print.
* "Bout of swaras." ''The Hindu.'' [Chennai] 2 January 2004: FR-8. Print.
* Giridhar, S.R. "Elaborate, attractive alapana." ''The Hindu.'' [Chennai] 25 December 1998: 35. Print.
* "Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer Memorial Award presented." ''The Hindu.'' [Chennai] 29 November 2010. Print.
* S.K. "Vintage stuff." ''The Hindu.'' [Chennai] 28 December 2001: FR-14. Print.
* Vishwanath, Narayana. "Debate on city's cultural events." ''City Express.'' [Chennai] 16 April 2012. Print.
* V, Sarada. "Thyagaraja comes alive via Trichur's tribute." ''The Hitavada.'' [Chennai] 31 August 1995: 14. Print.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaskaran, Sikkil R.}}
[[Category:Carnatic violinists]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian violinists]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

HAL AMCA

2025-05-27T17:55:34Z

BSHindia: slightly update page and fixed typos for clarity

#REDIRECT [[Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Patuli floating market

2025-05-23T01:18:14Z

BSHindia: New info

{{short description|Floating market in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = Patuli floating market
| native_name = পাটুলি ভাসমান বাজার
| native_name_lang = bn
| logo =
| logo_alt =
| logo_width =
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_width =
| caption =
| location = [[Baishnabghata Patuli Township|Patuli]], [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| coordinates = 
| address =
| opening_date =
| closing_date =
| previous_names =
| developer = [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]]
| manager =
| owner =
| architect =
| number_of_stores = ~200
| number_of_anchors =
| floor_area =
| floors =
| parking =
| publictransit = [[Shahid Khudiram Metro Station]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| embedded =
}}

'''Patuli floating market''' is an artificial [[floating market]] in [[Baishnabghata Patuli Township|Patuli]], [[Kolkata]], India, developed by [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]]. Developed at a cost of ₹10 Crores,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/patuli-market-set-to-float-again-from-today/articleshow/78709364.cms?from=mdr|title=Kolkata's Patuli market set to float again from Saturday|date=17 October 2020|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> beside the canal adjacent to the [[Eastern Metropolitan Bypass]], the market was inaugurated in January 2018, and was an instant success.<ref name="auto"/>

==History==
The market was opened in January 2018 with 112 boats and around 200 stores. The market was developed with a cost of ₹6 crores and 4 crores was spent to build an underground sewer network. Two water bodies were merged and equipped with waterproof wooden walkways, wooden beams and wooden pavements for the buyers and shopkeepers to reach the boats.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/a-reality-check-on-indias-first-floating-market-in-kolkata|title=A reality check on India’s first floating market in Kolkata|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>

The market was a success after opening. But from May 2020, after [[Amphan]] storm, the market started to decline. 90 percent of all boats or shops had been shut. In October 2020, major renovation work started. 57 boats were restored in first phrase and then after phrase II, around 100 boats were in the market. ₹3 Crore was spent for renovation work by [[Government of West Bengal]].<ref name="auto"/>

The lighting used by the municipal authorities and shopkeepers is reported to have driven away migratory birds from the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Moumita |title=Birds disappear as India's first floating market flourishes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/birds-disappear-as-india-s-first-floating-market-flourishes/cid/1673720 |access-date=22 June 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=23 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==The market==
As of 2020, the market has around 100 boats and more than 200 vendors (shops). The water body is spread in 24,000 square meters, 500m long and 60m<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/indias-first-floating-market-set-to-open-its-gates-for-public-in-kolkata-this-month/articleshow/62616655.cms|title=India’s first ‘floating market’ set to open its gates for public in Kolkata this month|first=Panchali|last=Dey|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> wide adjacent to [[Eastern Metropolitan Bypass]]. There are four separate zones: fish, meat, vegetables and fruits zone. Each boat has two shops and the shopkeepers sell vegetables, fruits, flowers, fish, meat, fast food, tea, etc.<ref name="auto"/> But due to more tourist footfall and fewer buyers, the sales are declining (as of 2020).<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/birds-disappear-as-india-s-first-floating-market-flourishes/cid/1673720|title=Birds disappear as India's first floating market flourishes|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Economy of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Floating markets]]

2022 Lucknow Super Giants season

2025-04-12T05:39:59Z

BSHindia:

{{Short description|Overview of Lucknow Super Giants in 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Lucknow Super Giants
| image =
| season = [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]]
| coach = [[Andy Flower]]
| coachtitle = Coach
| captain = [[KL Rahul]]
| captaintitle = Captain
| overseas =
| overseastitle =
| ground = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| comp1 = [[2022 Indian Premier League]]
| comp1 result = 4th
| comp2 =
| comp2 result =
| most runs = [[KL Rahul]] (616)
| most wickets = [[Avesh Khan]] (18)
| most catches =
| most dismissals =
| prevseason =
| nextseason = [[Lucknow Super Giants in 2023|2023]]
}}
'''[[Lucknow Super Giants]]''' is a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. They play in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL);<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL to become 10 team tournament from 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-to-become-10-team-tournament-from-2022-1275505 |access-date=29 September 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=IPL 2022: CONFIRMED! Two new IPL teams will be announced on THIS date |url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/ipl-2022-confirmed-two-new-ipl-teams-will-be-announced-on-this-date-2398024.html |access-date=29 September 2021 |website=Zee News}}</ref> the team's debut season was the 2022 edition of the IPL.

The team is owned by [[RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group|RPSG Group]] and was captained by [[KL Rahul]] and coached by [[Andy Flower]] in 2022.<ref name="lucknow super giants unveil logo">{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/cricket/article/ipl-2022-lucknow-super-giants-unveil-team-logo-23212209#:~:text=Andy%20Flower%20has%20already%20been,the%20mentor%20of%20the%20franchise.|title=IPL 2022: Lucknow Super Giants unveil team logo|work=mid-day.com|access-date=2022-02-03}}</ref>

==Background==
As an expansion team, the franchise were able to add three players ahead of the 2022 mega-auction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/lucknow-super-giants-2022/amp/|title=Lucknow Super Giants 2022 Players, Name, Owner Details|work=Time of Sports|access-date=9 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224165355/https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/lucknow-super-giants-2022/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2022-lucknow-super-giants-unveils-team-logo-ahead-of-mega-auction-1906852-2022-01-31|title=IPL 2022: Lucknow Super Giants unveils team logo ahead of mega-auction|work=India Today|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> The three players drafted were [[KL Rahul]] for {{INR}}17 crore, [[Marcus Stoinis]] for {{INR}}9.2 crore and leg-spinner [[Ravi Bishnoi]] for {{INR}}4 crore. After these acquisitions the franchise was left with {{INR}}59.8 crores ahead of the auction.

The team signed an additional 18 players at the auction. The most expensive addition to the squad was pace bowler [[Avesh Khan]] who became the most expensive uncapped player when Lucknow selected him for {{INR}}10 crores.

;Added: [[Marcus Stoinis]], [[KL Rahul]], [[Ravi Bishnoi]]
;Acquired during the auction: Deepak Hooda, Jason Holder, Manish Pandey, Quinton de Kock, Krunal Pandya, Mark Wood, Avesh Khan, Ankit Singh Rajpoot, Krishnappa Gowtham, Dushmanta Chameera, Shahbaz Nadeem, Manan Vohra, Mohsin Khan, Ayush Badoni, Kyle Mayers, Karan Sharma, Evin Lewis, Mayank Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucknow Super Giants full list of players after IPL auction 2022 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-auction/lucknow-super-giants-full-team-players-list-after-ipl-auction-2022/article38422419.ece |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |publisher=The Hindu}}</ref>:
<big>'''Stadium'''</big>

The play their home matches at the BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The stadium has a capacity of 50,100 and has hosted several international cricket matches, including T20Is, ODIs, and a Test match. It is set to host seven of the Lucknow Super Giants' home matches during the IPL 2024 season.

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
'''Squad strength:''' 21 (14 - Indian, 7 - overseas)
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! | No.
! | Name
! | Nationality
! | Birth date
! | Batting style
! | Bowling style
! | Salary
! | Year signed
! | Notes
|-
! colspan="9" | Captain
|-
|01|| '''[[KL Rahul]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1992|4|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || | {{INRConvert|17|c}} || | 2022 || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" | Batters
|-
|11|| [[Ayush Badoni]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1999|12|3|df=y}} || Right-Handed || Right-Arm [[off-spin]] || {{INRConvert|20|l}} || | 2022 ||
|-
|36||[[Manan Vohra]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1993|07|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Right-arm medium-fast|medium]] || {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||| 2022 ||
|-
|21|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1989|9|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|Medium]] || {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} || | 2022 ||
|-
|117|| '''[[Evin Lewis]]''' || {{cr|Trinidad and Tobago}}|| {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|12|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || | {{INRConvert|2|c}} || | 2022 || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center"| All-rounders
|-
|7||'''[[Krishnappa Gowtham]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1988|10|20|df=y}} || Right Handed || Right-arm off-break || || | 2022 ||
|-
| 17 || '''[[Marcus Stoinis]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1989|8|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || | {{INRConvert|9.2|c}} || | 2022 || Overseas
|-
|25|| '''[[Krunal Pandya]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|03|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left Arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || || | 2022 ||
|-
|46|| [[Karan Sharma (cricketer, born 1998)|Karan Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1998|10|31|df=y}} || Right Handed || Right-arm offbreak || || | 2022 ||
|-
|57||'''[[Deepak Hooda]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1995|04|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || || | 2022 ||
|-
|71|| '''[[Kyle Mayers]]''' || {{cr|BAR}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1992|09|8|df=y}} || Left-Handed || Right-arm medium || || | 2022 || Overseas
|-
|98|| '''[[Jason Holder]]''' || {{cr|BAR}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || | {{INRConvert|8.75|c}} || | 2022 || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" | Wicket-keepers
|-
|12||'''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1992|12|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || - || ₹6.75 crore (US$0.8 million) || 2022 || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" | Spin bowlers
|-
|56|| '''[[Ravi Bishnoi]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|9|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || || | 2022 ||
|-
|88|| '''[[Shahbaz Nadeem]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1989|8|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left Arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || || | 2022 ||
|-
! colspan="9" | Pace Bowlers
|-
|05|| '''[[Dushmantha Chameera]]''' || {{cr|SL}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1992|1|11|df=y}} || Right-handedb|| Right-arm fast || style= | {{INRConvert|2|c}} || | 2022 || Overseas
|-
|08|| [[Mayank Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2002|6|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm fast-medium || || | 2022 ||
|-
|39|| [[Ankit Rajpoot]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1993|12|4 |df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || || | 2022 ||
|-
|47|| [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1998|7|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || || | 2022 ||
|-
|65|| '''[[Avesh Khan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1996|12|13|df=y}}
|| Right-handed || Right-arm fast || || | 2022 ||
|-
|68|| '''[[Andrew Tye]]'''|| {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1986|12|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium fast || | NA || | 2022 || Replacement for Mark Wood<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-andrew-tye-replaces-injured-mark-wood-at-lucknow-super-giants-1306984|title=Andrew Tye replaces injured Mark Wood at Lucknow Super Giants|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
||| '''[[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1990|01|11|df=y}}
||Right-handed || Right-arm fast || | {{INRConvert|7.5|c}} || | 2022 || Overseas. Wood did not play during the season due to injury and was replaced by Andrew Tye
|-
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2022}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! Kit manufacturer
! Shirt sponsor (chest)
! Shirt sponsor (back)
! Chest Branding
|-
|T10 Sports
|My11Circle
|Darwin Platform
|[[Greenply]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :
|}
{{col-2}}
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _lsg22
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_pants =
| leftarm = 00E6E6
| body = 00E6E6
| rightarm = 00E6E6
| pants = 00E6E6
| title = T20 uniform
}}
{{col-end}}

== Points table ==
{{2022 Indian Premier League Points table|showteam=LSG}}

== Group fixtures ==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 28 March 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 158/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 55 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 161/5 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tewatia]] 40[[not out|*]] (24)
| wickets2 = [[Dushmantha Chameera]] 2/22 (3 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304050.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mohammed Shami]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match4}}'''Match 4'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 31 March 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 210/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 50 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 211/4 (19.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 65 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Dwaine Pretorius]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304053.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Evin Lewis]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match7}}'''Match 7'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 169/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 68 (50)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 157/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 44 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 4/24 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 12 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304058.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Avesh Khan]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match12}}'''Match 12'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 149/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prithvi Shaw]] 61 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 155/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 80 (52)
| wickets2 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/31 (3.4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304061.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = Quinton de Kock (Lukhnow Super Giants)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match15}}'''Match 15'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 165/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] 59[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets1 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 39 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 4/41 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 3 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304066.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match20}}'''Match 20'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 April 2022
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 199/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 103[[not out|*]] (60)
| wickets1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| score2 = 181/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 37 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 18 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304072.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[KL Rahul]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match26}}'''Match 26'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 181/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 96 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 163/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 42 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Josh Hazlewood]] 4/25 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 18 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304077.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nitin Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Faf du Plessis]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match31}}'''Match 31'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 168/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 103[[not out|*]] (62)
| wickets1 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 2/8 (2 overs)
| score2 = 132/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 39 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 36 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304083.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind)
| motm = [[KL Rahul]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match37}}'''Match 37'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| score1 = 153/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 46 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 4/38 (4 overs)
| score2 = 133/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 32 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 20 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304088.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA International Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Krunal Pandya]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match42}}'''Match 42'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 May 2022
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 195/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 77 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 3/40 (4 overs)
| score2 = 189/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rishabh Pant]] 44 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] 4/16 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 6 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304091.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match45}}'''Match 45'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 May 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 176/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 50 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]] 2/22 (3 overs)
| score2 = 101 (14.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andre Russell]] 45 (19)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 3/19 (3 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 75 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304099.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA International Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Avesh Khan]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match53}}'''Match 53'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 May 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 144/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 63[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets1 = [[Avesh Khan]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 82 (13.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 27 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan]] 4/24 (3.5 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 62 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304103.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA International Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Gujarat Titans qualified for the playoffs as a result of this match.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/lucknow-super-giants-vs-gujarat-titans-57th-match-1304103/match-report|title=Gill 63*, Rashid four-for lead Gujarat Titans to playoffs|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match57}}'''Match 57'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 May 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 178/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 41 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| score2 = 154/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 59 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Trent Boult]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 24 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304109.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Trent Boult]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match63}}'''Match 63'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 May 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 210/0 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 140[[not out|*]] (70)
| wickets1 =
| score2 = 208/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 50 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 2 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304112.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Quinton de Kock]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Lucknow Super Giants qualified for the playoffs and Kolkata Knight Riders were eliminated as a result of this match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/122284/de-kock-stars-as-lsg-secure-passage-to-playoffs-with-nervy-win |title=De Kock stars as LSG secure passage to playoffs with nervy win |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match66}}'''Match 66'''
}}

== Playoffs ==
=== Preliminary ===
==== Eliminator ====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 May 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 207/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rajat Patidar]] 112[[not out|*]] (54)
| wickets1 = [[Mohsin Khan (Indian cricketer)|Mohsin Khan]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 193/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[KL Rahul]] 79 (58)
| wickets2 = [[Josh Hazlewood]] 3/43 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 14 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1312198.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rajat Patidar]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Royal Challengers Bangalore advance to Qualifier 2 and Lucknow Super Giants were eliminated as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match72}}
}}

==Statistics==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2022}}

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Match
!Inns
!NO
!Runs
!HS
!Ave.
!BF
!SR
!100s
!50s
!0
!4s
!6s
|-
|| 1 || [[KL Rahul]] || 15 || 15 || 3
! 616
|| 103[[Not out|*]] || 51.33 || 455 || 135.38 || 2 || 4 || 3 || 45 || 30
|-
|| 2 || [[Quinton de Kock]] || 15 || 15 || 1
! 508
|| 140[[Not out|*]] || 36.28 || 341 || 148.97 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 47 || 23
|-
|| 3 || [[Deepak Hooda]] || 15 || 14 || 0
! 451
|| 59 || 32.21 || 330 || 133.66 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 36 || 18
|-
|| 4 || [[Krunal Pandya]] || 14 || 13 || 4
! 183
|| 42 || 20.33 || 145 || 126.20 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 16 || 4
|-
|| 5 || [[Ayush Badoni]] || 13 || 11 || 3
! 161
|| 54 || 20.13 || 130 || 123.84 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 11 || 7
|-
|| 6 || [[Marcus Stoinis]] || 11 || 10 || 2
! 156
|| 38[[Not out|*]] || 19.50 || 106 || 147.16 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 7 || 13
|-
|| 7 || [[Manish Pandey]] || 6 || 6 || 0
! 88
|| 38 || 14.67 || 80 || 110.00 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9 || 2
|-
|| 8 || [[Evin Lewis]] || 6 || 5 || 2
! 73
|| 55[[Not out|*]] || 24.33 || 56 || 130.56 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 8 || 3
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{2022 Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2022 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Lucknow Super Giants seasons]]

Padmapur, Rayagada

2025-03-23T02:51:45Z

BSHindia: New a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Padmapur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19|14|34|N|83|49|05|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Democracy|Democratic]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 82
| population_total = 6654
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 765025
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06857
| registration_plate = OD
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Padmapur''' is a village in the [[Rayagada district]] of [[Odisha]], India. It is the most populated village<ref name=Orissareview>{{cite book|title=Rayagada District|date=December 2010|publisher=Orissa Review(Census Special)|pages=175–178|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/December/engpdf/176-179.pdf|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> and one of the identified tourist centers of Rayagada district.<ref name="Odisha Reference Annual">{{cite book|title=Identified Tourist Centres of Odisha|publisher=Orissa Reference Annual-2011|pages=521–532|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/521-532.pdf|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=Orissatourism>{{cite web|title=Temples & Monuments:Buddhist Monuments|url=http://orissa-tourism.com/portal/TemplesMonuments/BuddhistMonuments.aspx|website=Orissa-Tourism.com|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> A hillock adjoins the village to its northern side. A 7th century inscription found here, in the [[Nilakantheswar Temple]] (a religious place<ref name="Tourism in Rayagada">{{cite report |section=Tourism|section-url=http://www.cesorissa.org/soe/tourism.pdf |title=State of the Environment Report |type=none |publisher=Orissa |date=2007|accessdate=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202008/http://www.cesorissa.org/soe/tourism.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-23}}</ref> i.e. the shrine of Lord Manikeswar Shiva),<ref name="Orissa Review">{{cite book|last=Patra|first=Dasarathy|title=Tribal Tourism and Culture|publisher=Orissareview-November,2011|pages=63–68|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Nov/engpdf/63-68.pdf|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624071037/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Nov/engpdf/63-68.pdf|archive-date=24 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Indiaonpage>{{cite web|title=Rayagada district General information|url=http://www.indiaonapage.com/India/Orissa/Rayagada/general-info.htm|website=indiaonapage.com|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> indicates that the Jagamanda hill, located close by, once housed the monastery of the famous Buddhist logician-philosopher [[Dharmakirti]].<ref name=Orissatourism /><ref name=Rayagada.nic.in>{{cite web|title=Tourist Attractions|url=http://rayagada.nic.in/tourism.htm|website=rayagada.nic.in|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=Buddhism>{{cite web|title=Buddhism in Orissa|url=http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/india/destinations/orissa.html|website=buddhist-tourism.com|accessdate=25 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520210316/http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/india/destinations/orissa.html|archive-date=20 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Demography ==
Padmapur is a populated village in [[Rayagada]] district situated about 67 km away from the district headquarters. {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Padmapur village had a population of 6530.The total population of the village as per the [[2011 Census of India]] was 6654 out of which the male population is 3411 and the female population is 3243.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Padmapur Village Population - Padmapur - Rayagada, Orissa |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/427119-padmapur-orissa.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |accessdate=12 September 2018}}</ref>

The postal Index Number (PIN) of padmapur is 765025.

== Geography ==
Padmapur is located at {{coord|19|14|34|N|83|49|05|E}}. It has a mixed [[climate]] of mountain and coastal plain.

== Transport ==
There is no direct rail or air communication to Padmapur. The nearest airport is in [[Visakhapatnam]] (240 km) and the nearest railway station is in [[Gunupur]].<ref name=Padmapuronline>{{cite web|title=Padmapur at a Glance|url=http://padmapuronline.blogspot.in/search/label/Home|website=padmapuronline|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> One can reach Padmapur via [[Rayagada]] by [[Odisha State Road Transport Corporation]] buses or private buses.

== Temples ==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}
[[File:Nilakantheswar temple.jpg|thumb|Nilakantheswar temple]]
[[File:Radhakrushna Temple, Padmapur.jpg|thumb|Radhakrushna Temple, Padmapur]]
[[File:Mallikeswar Temple at Padmapur.jpg|thumb|situated on the Jagamunda Hills of Padmapur]]
A number of old and new temples in and around Padmapur, as detailed below, attract the nearby mass during festive seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlytravelguide.com/orissa/spiritual/padmapur-temples.php|title=Padmapur Temples, Orissa Padmapur Temples, Padmapur Temples travel guide, Padmapur Temples views, History of Padmapur Temples, Padmapur Temples overview|last=Technologies|first=Webmaster of onlytravelguide.com (India) Ace Web|website=www.onlytravelguide.com|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>

* The seventh century-old [[Nilakantheswar temple at Padmapur]] (a shrine to [[Shiva]]) on the top of the hillock adjoining the village. This temple is also believed to be the Mallikeshwara temple
* The temple of Mallikeswar at the foot of the hillock, which is built of red rocks
* The temple of Dhabaleswar beside the temple of Mallikeswar
*Baba Akhandala mani divine presence also adds charm of spiritual enhancement.
* Another temple of Pudukeswar close to these temples at the foot of the hillock,
* The Radhakrushna temple in New Street
* The Giridhari temple in the Badasahi
* The Gopinatha temple or Dasima Matha
* The Trinath temple beside the road leading to [[Gunupur]]
* The Gramadevati temple at the heart of the village
* The Gayatri temple on the hillock area
* The temple of Hanumana and the temple of Sai Baba on the hillock
* Another small temple of Trinath at Jhumuruguda beside the main road

== Education ==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}
Padmapur has a number of educational institutions. Some of them are:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools in Padmapur Cluster {{!}} List of Schools in Padmapur Cluster, Rayagada District (Orissa) |url=https://schools.org.in/orissa/rayagada/padampur/padmapur |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>
* The [[Govt. B.N.High School, Padmapur|Govt. Bijayananda High School]]
* The Govt. Boys' Upper Primary School near Markama street
* The Primary school at Medical Colony in the village
* The Primary School at Hatapada in the village
* The Girls' High School
* The R.G.(Junior) College
* Triveni +2 Science College
* The Ideal Public School
* The Aryan English Medium School at Padmapur
* The Gajanana Vidya Niketana (Odia medium)
* The Saraswati Sishu Mandir (Odia medium)

== Notable people ==
* [[Nagbhushan Patnaik]], a Communist leader, was born at Padmapur in 1934

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://rayagada.nic.in/ Official website of Rayagada district]

{{Rayagada district}}

[[Category:Villages in Rayagada district]]

Punalur Suspension Bridge

2025-03-20T19:48:21Z

BSHindia: quick update

{{short description|Bridge in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name = Punalur Suspension Bridge
| native_name = പുനലൂർ തൂക്കുപാലം
| image = People on Punalur Suspension Bridge - Night view, 2019.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Punalur Suspension Bridge
| relief =
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| etymology =
| status =
| cancelled =
| topped_out =
| building_type =
| architectural_style =
| rebuilt = August–September 2013
| classification =
| locale = [[Kollam District]], [[Punalur]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.017|76.926|display=inline,title}}
| start_date =
| stop_date =
| open = 1877
| affiliation =
| height =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| weight =
| length = {{convert|400|ft}}
| structural_system =
| material = [[Stone]], [[Wood]], [[Steel]] etc.
| size =
| architect = Albert Henry
| url =
| embed =
| embedded =
| references =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Punalur Suspension Bridge''', located in [[Punalur]], India is a {{convert|400|ft|adj=on}}-long 19th-century motorable bridge in [[Kerala]], which was built by [[Travancore]] Government and is now a historical attraction. It was designed to shake when walked on, with the intention of deterring animals from crossing from the forest into the town.

== History and construction ==
[[File:Punalur bridge 1st structure.jpg|thumb|upright|arch and column of the bridge with the emblem of [[Travancore Kingdom|Travancore]]|210px]]

The Punalur Suspension Bridge is the first motorable bridge in South India. The [[suspension bridge]] crossing the river is the only suspended-deck type in south India. The construction started under Walthew Clarence Barton and completed in 1877 by Albert Henry chief engineers of [[Travancore]] across the [[Kallada River|Kallada]] River. This huge bridge was suspended by two spans and was used for vehicular movement. Construction took more than six years. It is said that after completion of the bridge people hesitated to walk over the bridge. In order to prove the strength of the bridge the engineer and his family passed under the bridge in a country boat while six elephants were walking over it. Now the bridge is of historical interest and is a major tourist attraction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bridgemeister.com/bridge.php?bid=415|title=Bridgemeister - 1877 (suspension bridge) - Punalur, Kerala, India|website=www.bridgemeister.com|access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref>

=== Reason for the bridge===
[[File:Hanging bridge P1030495.JPG|thumb|upright|A view of the suspension bridge before renovation|220px]]

A bridge from the dense forest over the river Kallada to the town was necessary, but it was necessary to prevent wild animals from using it to get to the populated side. The bridge was designed to shake when walked on to deter animals from crossing.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://ajean.net/punalur-suspension-bridge-history-technology/|title=Reason for the construction of the bridge}}</ref>

=== Method of construction ===
[[File:Ashramam Relief, Punalur Hanging bridge.jpg|thumb|Weight testing of bridge, Relief in Ashramam, Kollam]]

The bridge is connected to four wells. The iron rods of the bridge is connected to the clips, situated in the wells. Each well is about 100 feet deep and no one since knows the engineering behind the construction of this bridge. It still remains a mystery.

== Replacement ==

A new, strong, concrete bridge was built near to the Punalur Suspension Bridge in 1972 due to heavy traffic on [[National Highway 208]].<ref name=pixelshots/>

== Renovation ==
[[File:Punalur Suspension Bridge Full View.jpg|thumb|upright|A full view of the renovated Punalur Suspension Bridge|220px]]

The bridge was recently repaired and renovated by the government of Kerala. The structure was strengthened, new wood panels of the same tree (Kambakom) which was first used in the construction were fit, the steel armrests and the stone columns were painted, night lamps were installed and a new park and resting place were made near the bridge. The bridge reopened in 2018.<ref name=pixelshots>{{cite web|url=http://pixelshots.blogspot.in/2010/08/old-british-built-hanging-bridgepunalur.html|title=Old British Built Hanging Bridge, Punalur tookupalam, one of two Indian Vehicular Suspension Bridges built by British engineers|date=August 2010|orig-date=updated in 2018|website=PixelShots}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Punalur suspension bridge}}
* [https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model.html?id=9aaf6f4919f4266cc018b11e399f89f SketchUp Model of the Bridge]

[[Category:Bridges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kollam district]]
[[Category:1877 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1877]]
[[Category:Suspension bridges in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Kollam district]]

Niausa–Kanubari Assembly constituency

2025-01-01T18:22:12Z

BSHindia: New new details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Niausa–Kanubari
| type= SLA
| state = Arunachal Pradesh
| established = 1978
| abolished = 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182705/https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|format=pdf|title=THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950}}</ref>
| electors = 9,584
| mla = Noksong Boham
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Niausa–Kanubari Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Noksong Boham || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Wanghlu Wangshu || {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
|-
| [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || Noksong Boham || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Niausa–Kanubari<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1984 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Noksong Boham |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,257 |percentage=39.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rawang Wangham |party=Independent politician |votes=646 |percentage=11.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingpong Wangham |party=Independent politician |votes=552 |percentage=9.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wangnam Wangshu |party=Independent politician |votes=497 |percentage=8.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Newlai Tingkhatra |party=Independent politician |votes=464 |percentage=8.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Noksi Wangsu |party=Independent politician |votes=442 |percentage=7.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pantoon Wangpan |party=Independent politician |votes=439 |percentage=7.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hiahoi Bor Wangshu |party=Independent politician |votes=218 |percentage=3.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laichat Arangham |party=Independent politician |votes=128 |percentage=2.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atem Bihab |party=Independent politician |votes=106 |percentage=1.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,611 |percentage=28.02% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,749 |percentage=63.98% |change= {{increase}}59.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,584 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=People's Party of Arunachal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Niausa–Kanubari<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106193245/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Wanghlu Wangshu |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=8,529 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,529 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=People's Party of Arunachal |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Niausa–Kanubari<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613112141/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Noksong Boham |party=Janata Party |votes=7,975 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,975 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}