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Pagal Kanavu

2026-05-07T18:21:38Z

BP Writer: New

{{no plot|date=May 2026}}
{{short description|Indian Tamil-language horror film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pagal Kanavu
| image = Pagal Kanavu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Faisal Raj
| writer = Faisal Raj
| producer = Faisal Raj
| starring = Faisal Raj Athira Santhosh 
[[Karate Raja]]
| cinematography = Joy Antony
| editing = Krishnajith
| music = Suresh Nandan
| studio = Jasmine Films International
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|11|7|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pagal Kanavu''''' ({{translation|Daydream}}) is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language horror film written, directed, and produced by Faisal Raj under the banner Jasmine Films International. The film features Faisal Raj, Athira Santhosh, [[Karate Raja]], [[Cool Suresh]], [[Shakeela]], and Vimal Raj in prominent roles.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/pagal-kanavu/movieshow/125199803.cms |title=Pagal Kanavu Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2025-11-21 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Faisal Raj
* Athira Santhosh
* [[Karate Raja]]
* [[Cool Suresh]]
* [[Shakeela]]
* Vimal Raj

== Production ==
The film written, directed, and produced by Faisal Raj under the banner Jasmine Films International. The cinematography is handled by Joy Antony, editing by Krishnajith, and music composed by Suresh Nandan.

== Reception ==
''[[Maalai Malar]]'' critic stated that " Faisalraj, who plays the lead role, has directed the film. He has tried to tell the antics of YouTubers in an interesting way."<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2025-11-12 |title=யூடியூப்பர்களின் பித்தலாட்டங்கள்- பகல் கனவு விமர்சனம் {{!}} pagal kanavu Review |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/pagal-kanavu-review-797085 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' stated that " Faisalraj has drawn attention for directing the film in the entertainment field by narrating the life story of YouTubers with entertaining scenes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-11-20 |title=முனீஸ்காந்தின் "மிடில் கிளாஸ்" - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/movie-review/muneeskanths-middle-class-cinema-review-1191295 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38864525}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2025 horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]

16th Odisha Legislative Assembly

2026-05-07T00:54:11Z

BP Writer: Creating article - done

{{Short description|16th state legislature of the Indian state of Odisha}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| background_color = #76CD26
| name = 16th Odisha Legislative Assembly
| before = [[15th Odisha Legislative Assembly|15th Assembly]]
| after = [[17th Odisha Assembly|17th Assembly]]
| image = File:Odisha Vidhan Soudha.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Front view of Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]] (2010)
| meeting_place = Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| election = [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
| website = {{URL|https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/}}
| chamber1 = '''[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]'''
| government = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| opposition = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start = 25 May 2019
| term_end = 3 June 2024
| membership1 = 147
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Ganeshi Lal]] [[Raghubar Das]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Surjya Narayan Patro]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] [[Pramila Mallik]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speakers|Deputy Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Rajanikant Singh]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] Saluga Pradhan, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Leader of the House]] (Chief Minister)
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Naveen Patnaik]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] [[Jayanarayan Mishra]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| control1 = [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (112/147)
| module = 15 Sessions with 184 Sittings
| chamber1_image = File:Odisha Legislative Assembly structure in 2023.svg
| chamber1_image_size = 300px
| chamber1_image_caption = House Composition as on 2023
}}

The '''Sixteenth [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]''' was convened on after [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]. [[Biju Janata Dal]] led by [[Naveen Patnaik]] formed government for a record 5th time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019 |title=List of Elected Candidates to OLA 2019 |url=https://ceoodisha.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/List%20of%20Elected%20Candidates%20to%20OLA%202019.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28-33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
Following BJD's victory in [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 election]], Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] along with his council of ministers were sworn in by Governor [[Ganeshi Lal]] on 29 May 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Prafulla |date=2019-05-29 |title=List of Ministers and their portfolios in Naveen Patnaik's Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/odisha-assembly/list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-naveen-patnaiks-cabinet/article27287862.ece |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |title=Naveen Patnaik govt to have 21 ministers, 10 new faces |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/naveen-patnaik-govt-to-have-21-ministers-10-new-faces-119052900022_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250313011120/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/naveen-patnaik-govt-to-have-21-ministers-10-new-faces-119052900022_1.html |archive-date=2025-03-13 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha govt releases list of newly inducted Council of Ministers |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/odisha-govt-releases-list-of-newly-inducted-council-of-ministers20190529194721/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128223240/www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/odisha-govt-releases-list-of-newly-inducted-council-of-ministers20190529194721/ |archive-date=2025-01-28 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> Entire cabinet was reshuffled on 5 June 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha cabinet reshuffle: 21 ministers sworn in, 9 retained, 11 dropped|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/jun/06/odisha-cabinet-reshuffle-21-ministers-sworn-in-9-retained-11-dropped-2462296.html|access-date=2022-12-29|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> & expanded on 22 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Naveen Patnaik Inducts Three More Ministers Into Odisha Cabinet |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-inducts-three-more-ministers-into-odisha-cabinet-4055165 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230529073146/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-inducts-three-more-ministers-into-odisha-cabinet-4055165 |archive-date=2023-05-29 |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> After a [[Upset (competition)|major upset]] for BJD in [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Assembly election]], Shri Patnaik submitted his resignation to Governor on 4 June 2024, paving way for new BJP govt. He continued as Caretaker CM till 12 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05|title=Naveen Patnaik resigns as Odisha CM, paves way for new BJP government|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/naveen-patnaik-resigns-as-odisha-cm-paves-way-for-new-bjp-government-101717573972900.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The house got its first women speaker as Smt [[Pramila Mallik]] was elected unopposed on 22 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-09-22 |title=Odisha Assembly gets its first woman Speaker as Pramila Mallik elected unopposed |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-assembly-gets-its-first-woman-speaker-as-pramila-mallik-elected-unopposed/article67333721.ece |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== House composition ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Strength
|-
!'''Assembly Begins'''
!'''Assembly Dissolves'''
|-
![[Biju Janata Dal]]
|112
|108
|-
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|23
|22
|-
![[Indian National Congress]]
|9
|9
|-
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|1
|1
|-
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|1
|4
|-
!Vacant
|1
|3
|}

== Office bearers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Post<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha Legislative Assembly |url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/home.aspx |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=odishaassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''[[List of governors of Odisha|Governor]]'''
|[[File:Collage_of_Ratha_Jatra_and_Head_of_States_Governor_and_CM_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ganeshi Lal]]
|Assembly Begins
|30 October 2023
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |N/A
|-
|[[File:Raghubar_Das_with_Jual_Oram_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Raghubar Das]]
|31 October 2023
|Assembly Dissolves
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''[[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]'''
| [[File:Surjya Narayana Patro.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Surjya Narayan Patro]] {{Small|MLA from [[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]}}
|1 June 2019
|4 June 2022
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Bikram Keshari Arukha.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] {{Small|MLA from [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]}}
|13 June 2022
|12 May 2023
|-
|[[File:Pramila Mallik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pramila Mallik]] {{Small|MLA from [[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]]}}
|22 September 2023
|4 June 2024
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''[[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speakers|Deputy Speaker]]'''
| [[File:Rajani Kant Singh.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Rajanikant Singh]] {{Small|MLA from [[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]}}
|27 June 2019
|8 November 2023
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Saluga Pradhan.jpg|100x100px]]
|Saluga Pradhan {{Small|MLA from [[G. Udayagiri Assembly constituency|G. Udayagiri]]}}
|21 November 2023
|5 June 2024
|-
|'''[[Chief Minister of Odisha|Leader of the House]] '''{{Small|(Chief Minister) Leader of BJD Legislature Party}}
|[[File:Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik in October 2014.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]] {{Small|MLA from [[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]}}
|29 May 2019
|11 June 2024
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Minister for [https://pa.odisha.gov.in/ Parliamentary Affairs]
|[[File:Bikram Keshari Arukha.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] {{Small|MLA from [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]}}
|29 May 2019
|5 June 2022
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[File:Niranjan_Pujari.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Niranjan Pujari]] {{small|MLA from [[Sonepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]}}
|5 June 2022
|11 June 2024
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]'''
{{Small|Leader of BJP Legislature Party}}
|[[File:Pradipta Kumar Naik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pradipta Kumar Naik]] {{Small|MLA from [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]]}}
|5 June 2019
|30 July 2022
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[File:Jayanarayan Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Jayanarayan Mishra]] {{Small|MLA from [[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]}}
|30 July 2022
|5 June 2024
|-
|'''Leader of Congress Legislature Party'''
| [[File:Narasingha Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Narasingha Mishra]] {{Small|MLA from [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]}}
|5 June 2019
|5 June 2024
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha#Pro tem speaker|Pro tem Speaker]]
|[[File:Amar Prasad Satpathy.jpg|100x100px]]
|Amar Prasad Satpathy {{small|MLA from [[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barchana]]}}
|29 May 2019
|31 May 2019
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|}

== Council of Ministers ==
{{Transcluded section|source=Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Council of Ministers}}}}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+[https://ceoodisha.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/List%20of%20Elected%20Candidates%20to%20OLA%202019.pdf Source]
!District
!Ac. No.
!Constituency
!Name
! colspan="2" | Party
!Remarks
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]
|[[Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=11|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Died in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=BJD MLA Bijay Ranjan Singh Bariha passes away in Bhubaneswar hospital |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/bjd-mla-bijay-ranjan-singh-bariha-passes-away-in-bhubaneswar-hospital-101664780140660.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825081826/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/bjd-mla-bijay-ranjan-singh-bariha-passes-away-in-bhubaneswar-hospital-101664780140660.html |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Barsha Singh Bariha]]
|Won in December 2022 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2022-12-08 |title=Odisha bypoll 2022 {{!}} BJD wins Padmapur Assembly byelection in Odisha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/padampur-by-poll-result/article66237703.ece |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|Elected from 2 seats. Resigned<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-02 |title=Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik resigns from Bijepur constituency, retains Hinjili - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/odisha-cm-naveen-patnaik-resigns-from-bijepur-constituency-retains-hinjili-3555841.htm |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rita Sahu]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|3
|[[Bargarh Assembly constituency|Bargarh]]
|[[Debesh Acharya]]
|
|-
|4
|[[Attabira Assembly constituency|Attabira]] (SC)
|[[Snehangini Chhuria]]
|
|-
|5
|[[Bhatli Assembly constituency|Bhatli]]
|[[Susanta Singh]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]
| rowspan="2" |6
| rowspan="2" |[[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
|[[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]
|Died in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJD MLA Kishore Mohanty No More, Condolences Pour In |url=https://odishatv.in/news/miscellaneous/bjd-mla-kishore-mohanty-no-more-condolences-pour-in-167317 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=BJD MLA Kishore Mohanty No More, Condolences Pour In |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Alka Mohanty]]
|Won in June 2022 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-04 |title=Odisha: BJD candidate Alaka Mohanty records landslide victory in Brajrajnagar bypoll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-bjd-candidate-alaka-mohanty-records-landslide-victory-brajrajnagar-bypoll-1958172-2022-06-03 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |7
| rowspan="2" |[[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
|[[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]
|Cabinet Minister, Assassinated in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-29 |title=Odisha Health Minister Naba Kisore Das shot dead by police officer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-health-minister-naba-kisore-das-shot-dead-by-police-officer/article66446244.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216050813/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-health-minister-naba-kisore-das-shot-dead-by-police-officer/article66446244.ece |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dipali Das]]
|Won in 2023 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJD's Dipali Das Wins Key Odisha Election By Over 48,000 Votes |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jharsuguda-by-election-jharsuguda-bypoll-bjds-dipali-das-wins-key-odisha-election-by-over-48-000-votes-4030977 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Sundergarh district|Sundargarh]]
|8
|[[Talsara Assembly constituency|Talsara]] (ST)
|[[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|9
|[[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh]] (ST)
|[[Kusum Tete]]
|
|-
|10
|[[Biramitrapur Assembly constituency|Biramitrapur]] (ST)
|[[Shankar Oram]]
|
|-
|11
|[[Raghunathpali Assembly constituency|Raghunathpali]] (SC)
|[[Subrat Tarai]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|12
|[[Rourkela Assembly constituency|Rourkela]]
|[[Sarada Prasad Nayak]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|13
|[[Rajgangpur Assembly constituency|Rajgangpur]] (ST)
|[[C. S. Raazen Ekka|C. S. Razeen Ekka]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|14
|[[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai]] (ST)
|[[Laxman Munda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
|15
|[[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda]] (ST)
|[[Kishore Chandra Naik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|16
|[[Rengali Assembly constituency|Rengali]] (SC)
|[[Nauri Nayak]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|17
|[[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]
|[[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
| Leader of Opposition
|-
|18
|[[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol]]
|[[Rohit Pujari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|[[Debagarh district|Deogarh]]
|19
|[[Deogarh Assembly constituency|Deogarh]]
|[[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar]]
| rowspan="2" |20
| rowspan="2" |[[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi]] (ST)
|[[Premananda Nayak|Premmananda Nayak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C), Disqualified on 11 April 2024.<ref name="bj">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-11 |title=Odisha Speaker disqualifies two BJD MLAs who switched over to BJP |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/odisha-speaker-disqualifies-two-bjd-mlas-who-switched-over-bjp-289041 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 11 April 2024)
|-
|21
|[[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]
|[[Badri Narayan Patra]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|22
|[[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandpur]] (SC)
|[[Bhagirathi Sethy|Bhagirathi Sethi]]
|
|-
|23
|[[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]] (ST)
|[[Jagannath Naik|Jagganath Naik]]
|
|-
|24
|[[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar]] (ST)
|[[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|25
|[[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua]]
|[[Minakshi Mahanta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
|26
|[[Jashipur Assembly constituency|Jashipur]] (ST)
|[[Ganesh Ram Singh Khuntia]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|27
|[[Saraskana Assembly constituency|Saraskana]] (ST)
|[[Budhan Murmu]]
|
|-
|28
|[[Rairangpur Assembly constituency|Rairangpur]] (ST)
|[[Naba Charan Majhi]]
|
|-
|29
|[[Bangriposi Assembly constituency|Bangriposi]] (ST)
|[[Sudam Marndi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|30
|[[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia]] (ST)
|[[Basanti Hembram]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|31
|[[Udala Assembly constituency|Udala]] (ST)
|[[Bhaskar Madhei]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|32
|[[Badasahi Assembly constituency|Badasahi]] (SC)
|[[Sanatan Bijuli]]
|
|-
|33
|[[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]] (ST)
|[[Prakash Soren]]
|
|-
|34
|[[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]
|[[Rajkishore Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[Balasore district|Balasore]]
|35
|[[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]]
|[[Aswini Kumar Patra]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|36
|[[Bhograi Assembly constituency|Bhograi]]
|Ananta Das
|
|-
|37
|[[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]
|[[Nityananda Sahoo]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |38
| rowspan="2" |[[Balasore Assembly constituency|Balasore]]
|[[Madanmohan Dutta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died in June 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-17 |title=Odisha MLA Madan Mohan Dutta dies of heart attack |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-mla-madan-mohan-dutta-dies-of-heart-attack/articleshow/76418711.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Swarup Kumar Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Won in November 2020 Bypoll.<ref name="India Today-2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Twin loss for BJP in Odisha, ruling BJD wins Balasore, Tirtol Assembly seats in bypolls |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/twin-loss-for-bjp-in-odisha-ruling-bjd-wins-balasore-tirtol-assembly-seats-in-bypolls-1739856-2020-11-10 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |39
| rowspan="2" |[[Remuna Assembly constituency|Remuna]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Sudhanshu Shekhar Parida|Sudhanshu Shekar Parida]]
|Suspended from party for anti party activities on 21 September 2023.<ref name="The Times of India-2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-09-21 |title=Expulsion of 2 MLAs conveys Naveen's zero tolerance to wrongdoing: BJD |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/expulsion-of-2-mlas-conveys-naveens-zero-tolerance-to-wrongdoing-bjd/articleshow/103845067.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|Since 25 September 2023.
|-
|40
|[[Nilgiri Assembly constituency|Nilagiri]]
|Sukanta Nayak
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|41
|[[Soro Assembly constituency|Soro]] (SC)
|[[Parshu Ram Dhada|Parshuram Dhada]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|42
|[[Simulia Assembly constituency|Simulia]]
|[[Jyoti Prakash Panigrahi]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]
|43
|[[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]]
|
|-
|44
|[[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]
|Sanjib Mallick
|
|-
|45
|[[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]
|[[Bishnubrata Routray]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |46
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar]] (SC)
|[[Bishnu Sethi|Bishnu Charan Sethi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-20 |title=Odisha: Bishnu Charan Sethi, deputy leader of opposition, dies at 61 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-bishnu-charan-sethi-deputy-leader-of-opposition-dies-at-61/articleshow/94316532.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Suryabanshi Suraj]]
|Won in November 2022 bypoll.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-07 |title=BJP wins Dhamnagar; first bypoll loss for BJD since 2009 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bjp-wins-dhamnagar-first-bypoll-loss-for-bjd-since-2009/articleshow/95344856.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|47
|[[Chandabali Assembly constituency|Chandabali]]
|Byomkesh Ray
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=19|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
|48
|[[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]] (SC)
|[[Pramila Mallik]]
|Speaker
|-
|49
|[[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari]]
|[[Sunanda Das]]
|
|-
|50
|[[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barchana]]
|Amar Prasad Satpathy
|
|-
|51
|[[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]
|[[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]]
|Deputy Govt. Chief Whip
|-
|52
|[[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur]]
|[[Pranab Prakash Das]]
|
|-
|53
|[[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Bal]]
|
|-
|54
|[[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
|[[Pritiranjan Gharai]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
|55
|[[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]
|[[Sudhir Kumar Samal]]
|
|-
|56
|[[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]] (SC)
|[[Simarani Nayak|Seemarani Nayak]]
|
|-
|57
|[[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakhyanagar]]
|[[Prafulla Kumar Mallik|Prafulla Kumar Mallick]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|58
|[[Parjanga Assembly constituency|Parjanga]]
|[[Nrusingha Charan Sahu]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Angul district|Angul]]
|59
|[[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]]
|[[Mukesh Kumar Pal]]
|
|-
|60
|[[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher]]
|[[Braja Kishore Pradhan]]
|
|-
|61
|[[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
|[[Rajanikant Singh]]
|Deputy Speaker
|-
|62
|[[Chhendipada Assembly constituency|Chhendipada]] (SC)
|[[Susanta Kumar Behera]]
|
|-
|63
|[[Athmallik Assembly constituency|Athmallik]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Sai]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
|64
|[[Birmaharajpur Assembly constituency|Birmaharajpur]] (SC)
|[[Padmanabha Behera]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|65
|[[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur]]
|[[Niranjan Pujari]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Balangir district|Bolangir]]
|66
|[[Loisingha Assembly constituency|Loisingha]] (SC)
|[[Mukesh Mahaling]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|67
|[[Patnagarh Assembly constituency|Patnagarh]]
|[[Saroj Kumar Meher]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Deputy Govt. Chief Whip
|-
|68
|[[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]
|[[Narasingha Mishra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Leader of Congress Legislature Party
|-
|69
|[[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titlagarh]]
|[[Tukuni Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|70
|[[Kantabanji Assembly constituency|Kantabanji]]
|Santosh Singh Saluja
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
|71
|[[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nuapada]]
|[[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|72
|[[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
|[[Adhiraj Mohan Panigrahi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
|73
|[[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umarkote]] (ST)
|[[Nityananda Gond]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|74
|[[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]] (ST)
|[[Prakash Chandra Majhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=6|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|75
|[[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur]] (ST)
|[[Sadasiva Pradhani]]
|
|-
|76
|[[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam]] (ST)
|[[Manohar Randhari]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
|77
|[[Lanjigarh Assembly constituency|Lanjigarh]] (ST)
|[[Pradip Kumar Dishari]]
|
|-
|78
|[[Junagarh Assembly constituency|Junagarh]]
|[[Dibya Shankar Mishra]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|79
|[[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharmagarh]]
|[[Mousadhi Bag]]
|
|-
|80
|[[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]] (SC)
|[[Pradipta Kumar Naik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Leader of Opposition
|-
|81
|[[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla]]
|[[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=9|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]
|82
|[[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Baliguda]] (ST)
|[[Chakramani Kanhar]]
|
|-
|83
|[[G. Udayagiri Assembly constituency|G. Udayagiri]] (ST)
|[[Saluga Pradhan]]
|Deputy Speaker
|-
|84
|[[Phulbani Assembly constituency|Phulbani]] (ST)
|[[Angada Kanhar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Boudh district|Boudh]]
|85
|[[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]]
|[[Mahidhar Rana]]
|
|-
|86
|[[Boudh Assembly constituency|Boudh]]
|[[Pradip Kumar Amat]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
|87
|[[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]
|[[Debiprasad Mishra]]
|
|-
|88
|[[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]]
|[[Devi Ranjan Tripathy]]
|
|-
|89
|[[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athgarh]]
|[[Ranendra Pratap Swain]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|90
|[[Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Barabati-Cuttack]]
|[[Mohammed Moquim]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Suspended from party, later revoked.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-16 |title=Odisha: Congress suspends Mohammed Moquim and Chiranjib Biswal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/congress-suspends-moquim-and-biswal/articleshow/101793485.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title=Cong revokes suspension of Moquim and Biswal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/congress-revokes-suspension-of-moquim-and-biswal-latest-news/articleshow/107098302.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|91
|[[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar-Cuttack]]
|[[Souvic Biswal]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=17|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|92
|[[Niali Assembly constituency|Niali]] (SC)
|[[Pramod Kumar Mallick]]
|
|-
|93
|[[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]] (SC)
|[[Chandra Sarathi Behera]]
|
|-
|94
|[[Salipur Assembly constituency|Salipur]]
|[[Prasanta Behera]]
|
|-
|95
|[[Mahanga Assembly constituency|Mahanga]]
|[[Pratap Jena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
|96
|[[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]
|[[Sabitri Agarwalla]]
|
|-
|97
|[[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara]] (SC)
|[[Shashi Bhusan Behera]]
|
|-
|98
|[[Aul Assembly constituency|Aul]]
|[[Pratap Keshari Deb]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|99
|[[Rajanagar Assembly constituency|Rajanagar]]
|[[Dhruba Charan Sahoo]]
|
|-
|100
|[[Mahakalapada Assembly constituency|Mahakalapada]]
|[[Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]
|101
|[[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]
|[[Sambit Routray]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |102
| rowspan="2" |[[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]] (SC)
|[[Bishnu Charan Das]]
|Died in July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2020-07-06 |title=Veteran BJD leader Bishnu Charan Das dies at 66 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Jul/06/veteran-bjd-leader-bishnu-charan-das-dies-at-66-2166276.html |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Bijay Shankar Das
|Won in Nov 2020 Bypoll.<ref name="India Today-2020"/>
|-
|103
|[[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda-Erasama]]
|[[Raghunandan Das|Raghunadan Das]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|104
|[[Jagatsinghpur Assembly constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|[[Prasanta Kumar Muduli]]
|Govt. Chief Whip
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Puri district|Puri]]
|105
|[[Kakatpur Assembly constituency|Kakatpur]] (SC)
|[[Tusharkanti Behera|Tusarakanti Behera]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|106
|[[Nimapara Assembly constituency|Nimapara]]
|[[Samir Ranjan Dash]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|107
|[[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]
|[[Jayanta Kumar Sarangi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|108
|[[Brahmagiri Assembly constituency|Brahmagiri]]
|[[Lalitendu Bidyadhar Mohapatra]]
|
|-
|109
|[[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]
|[[Umakanta Samantaray]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |110
| rowspan="2" |[[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipili]]
|[[Pradeep Maharathy]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Died in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2020-10-04 |title=Veteran BJD MLA Pradeep Maharathy passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/veteran-bjd-mla-pradeep-maharathy-passes-away/article32765718.ece |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rudra Pratap Maharathy]]
|Won in October 2021 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJD Retains Pipili, Rudra Pratap Maharathy Wins Bypolls By 20,916 Votes |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjd-retains-pipili-rudra-pratap-maharathy-wins-bypolls-by-20-916-votes-2562586 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| rowspan="2" |111
| rowspan="2" |[[Jayadev Assembly constituency|Jayadev]] (SC)
|[[Arabinda Dhali]]
|Disqualified on 11 April 2024.<ref name="bj"/>
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 11 April 2024)
|-
|112
|[[Bhubaneswar Central (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar Central]]
|[[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|113
|[[Bhubaneswar North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar North]]
|[[Susant Kumar Rout]]
|
|-
|114
|[[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Ekamra Bhubaneswar]]
|[[Ashok Chandra Panda]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|115
|[[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]
|[[Suresh Kumar Routray]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Suspended from party for anti party activities before [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2024-04-15 |title=Veteran Odisha Congress leader Suresh Routray expelled from party |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/veteran-odisha-congress-leader-suresh-routray-expelled-from-party/article68068107.ece |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|116
|[[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar Sahoo]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|117
|[[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
|[[Jyotirindra Nath Mitra]]
|
|-
|118
|[[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]]
|[[Prasanta Kumar Jagadev]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
|119
|[[Ranpur Assembly constituency|Ranpur]]
|[[Satyanarayan Pradhan]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |120
| rowspan="2" |[[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]
|Suspended from party for anti party activities on 21 September 2023.<ref name="The Times of India-2023"/>
|-
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|Since 25 September 2023.
|-
|121
|[[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]] (SC)
|[[Ramesh Chandra Behera]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=9|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|122
|[[Nayagarh Assembly constituency|Nayagarh]]
|[[Aruna Kumar Sahoo]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="15" |[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
|123
|[[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]
|[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|Speaker
|-
|124
|[[Polasara Assembly constituency|Polasara]]
|[[Srikanta Sahu]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|125
|[[Kabisuryanagar Assembly constituency|Kabisuryanagar]]
|[[Latika Pradhan]]
|
|-
|126
|[[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]] (SC)
|[[Suryamani Baidya]]
|
|-
|127
|[[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency|Chhatrapur]] (SC)
|[[Subash Chandra Behera]]
|
|-
|128
|[[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]
|[[Manjula Swain]]
|
|-
|129
|[[Surada Assembly constituency|Surada]]
|[[Purna Chandra Swain]]
|
|-
|130
|[[Sanakhemundi Assembly constituency|Sanakhemundi]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Jena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|131
|[[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|'''Chief Minister'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |132
| rowspan="2" |[[Gopalpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pradeep Kumar Panigrahy|Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
| Expelled from party for "anti people activities" on 29 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Prameela | first = K |date=2020-11-29 |title=BJD expels Gopalpur MLA Pradeep Panigrahy over IFS officer link |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/Nov/29/bjd-expels-gopalpur-mla-pradeep-panigrahy-over-ifs-officer-link-2229591.html |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|Since 29 November 2020.
|-
|133
|[[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]
|[[Bikram Kumar Panda]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |134
| rowspan="2" |[[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]
|[[Surjya Narayan Patro]]
|Speaker, Died in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-03 |title=BJD veteran, former minister and Assembly Speaker Surjya Narayan Patro dies at 75 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/veteran-bjd-mla-and-ex-odisha-assembly-speaker-surjya-narayan-patro-passes-away-8921506/ |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 2 September 2023)
|-
|135
|[[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]
|[[Usha Devi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
|136
|[[Mohana Assembly constituency|Mohana]] (ST)
|[[Dasarathi Gomango]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|137
|[[Paralakhemundi Assembly constituency|Paralakhemundi]]
|[[Rupesh Kumar Panigrahi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
|138
|[[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur]] (ST)
|[[Raghunath Gomango]]
|
|-
|139
|[[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]] (ST)
|[[Jagannath Saraka]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|140
|[[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]] (ST)
|[[Makaranda Muduli]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Koraput district|Koraput]]
|141
|[[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]] (ST)
|Prabhu Jani
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|142
|[[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad]] (ST)
|[[Padmini Dian]]
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|143
|[[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]
|[[Tara Prasad Bahinipati]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|144
|[[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput]] (SC)
|[[Raghu Ram Padal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|145
|[[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi]] (ST)
|[[Rama Chandra Kadam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]
|146
|[[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]] (ST)
|[[Aditya Madhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|147
|[[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]] (ST)
|[[Purna Chandra Baka]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|}

== By-polls ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Year
!Constituency
!Reason for by-poll
!Winning candidate
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|Oct 2019
|[[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
|Resignation of [[Naveen Patnaik]]
|[[Rita Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Nov 2020
|[[Balasore Assembly constituency|Balasore]]
|Death of [[Madanmohan Dutta]]
|[[Swarup Kumar Das]]
|-
|[[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]] (SC)
|Death of [[Bishnu Charan Das]]
|Bijay Shankar Das
|-
|Oct 2021
|[[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipili]]
|Death of [[Pradeep Maharathy]]
|[[Rudra Pratap Maharathy]]
|-
|Jun 2022
|[[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
|Death of [[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]
|[[Alka Mohanty]]
|-
|Nov 2022
|[[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar]] (SC)
|Death of [[Bishnu Sethi|Bishnu Charan Sethi]]
|[[Suryabanshi Suraj]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|Dec 2022
|[[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]
|Death of [[Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha]]
|[[Barsha Singh Bariha]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|Jun 2023
|[[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
|Death of [[Naba Das]]
|[[Dipali Das]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Terms of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|16th]]

All India N. R. Congress

2026-05-05T02:43:05Z

BP Writer: Creating a data - done

{{Short description|Political party in Puducherry, India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = All India N. R. Congress
|abbreviation = AINRC
|logo =
|colorcode = {{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|president = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
|general_secretary = N. S. Jayabal
|rajyasabha_leader =
|foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2011|02|07}}
|founder = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
|split = [[Indian National Congress]]
|headquarters = 65/6, [[East Coast Road|E.C.R. Salai]], Pakkamudayanpet, [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] – 605008, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[India]].
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State Party]]
|alliance = *[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (2014–2016) (2019–present)
* [[AIADMK led Alliance|AIADMK+]] (2011–2014, 2021–2023 and 2025–present)
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|state_seats_name = [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|12|33|hex={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|students = G. Sivakumar
|women = B. Jayalakshmi
|labour = S. Ramesh
|peasants = V. Sabapathy (Kothandaraman)
|symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg|120px|Jug]]
|flag = All India N.R. Congress.png
|website = {{URL|http://allindianrcongress.com}}
}}

The '''All India N. R. Congress''' (abbr. '''AINRC''')<ref name="fullform" >{{cite web |url =https://fullforms.com/AINRC|title=What does AINRC mean?|access-date =21 September 2020}}</ref> is a regional [[List of political parties in India|political party]] formed by the [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister of Puducherry]], [[N. Rangaswamy]] in the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/assembly-polls/aiadmk-reaches-poll-pact-with-all-india-n-r-congress-94407|title=ADMK reaches poll pact|access-date=14 May 2016|work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> He announced the party formation on 7 February 2011 in the party's head office in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] as a breakaway from the [[Indian National Congress]]. It contested the [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011 elections]] by allying with [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] and won the majority.<ref>{{Cite news|editor=ITGB Bureau|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2011/puducherry/story/puducherry-poll-results-133717-2011-05-13|date=13 May 2011|title=AINRC-AIADMK alliance ousts Cong-DMK in Puducherry|access-date=19 October 2024|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Since 2014, it is part of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] led by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{Cite news|editor=Debjani Dutta|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2014/Mar/13/rangasamy-in-nda-names-ex-speaker-as-ls-candidate-585591.html|date=13 March 2014|title=Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate|access-date=19 October 2024|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The NDA alliance won the majority in the [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021 elections]] and is currently the ruling party of the union territory.<ref>{{Cite news|editor=India Today Web Desk|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/puducherry-assembly-polls-2021/story/puducherry-election-results-2021-full-list-of-winners-1798043-2021-05-02|date=3 May 2021|title=Puducherry Election Results 2021: NDA wins in Pondy by bagging 16 seats, here's the list of winners|access-date=19 October 2024|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

The party's official website states expansion of "N. R." in the party's name as '{{lang|ta|நமது ராஜ்ஜியம்}}' ({{transliteration|ta|ISO|Namatu rājjiyam}}, {{literal translation|our rule}}).<ref name="fullform" /> These letters are also the initials of the party founder N. Rangasamy. The party's official motto is ''Simplicity, Fairness and Transparency''.

==2011 Assembly elections==
In the [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]], the AINRC is allied with [[J. Jayalalithaa]]'s [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK). Rangasamy formed the government by winning 15 seats in the election without consulting the AIADMK and refusing to share power with the pre-election alliance partner. So Jayalalithaa accused Rangasamy of betraying the coalition.

==2014 Lok Sabha election==
Chief Minister [[N. Rangaswamy]] announced that [[R. Radhakrishnan (politician, born 1971)|R. Radhakrishnan]], former Speaker of Puducherry Assembly, would be the AINRC candidate for the [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry constituency]] for [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha Election]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/ainrc-names-candidate-for-puducherry-constituency/article5777429.ece|title=AINRC names candidate|access-date=14 May 2016|work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Radhakrishnan won the lone [[Lok Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|seat]] from Puducherry.

==2016 Assembly elections==
AINRC won eight seats in the [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]] while [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] emerged as the single largest party with 15 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=2016-05-19|title=Pondicherry (Puducherry) Assembly elections 2016 result: Congress emerges single largest party|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/puducherry-assembly-elections-2016-result-live-updates-679282|access-date=2021-12-13|website=IB Times|language=en}}</ref> Therefore, Congress, along with [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] which won two seats, formed the government.

== 2019 Lok Sabha election==
{{Empty section|date=January 2025}}

==2021 Assembly elections==
AINRC along with BJP won a clear majority of seats in the [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]] which paved way for the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] to form a government in the Union Territory for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |title=NDA shifts focus to government formation in Puducherry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/puducherry-assembly/nda-shifts-focus-to-government-formation-in-puducherry/article34470475.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 May 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==2024 Lok Sabha election==
Chief Minister [[N. Rangaswamy|N Rangaswamy]] announced that AINRC would not field its candidate and support the BJP candidate.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-will-contest-lone-puducherry-lok-sabha-seat-says-rangasamy-101709492405204.html</ref>

==Electoral performance==
===Indian general elections===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[[Lok Sabha]] Elections
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Year
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Lok Sabha
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Party leader
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Seats contested
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Seats won
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Change in seats
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Percentage of votes
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Vote swing
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Popular vote
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Outcome
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
|rowspan=3|[[N. Rangasamy]]
|1
|{{Composition bar compact|1|543|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|0.04%
|{{steady}}
|255,826
|{{won|Government}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|1
|{{Composition bar compact|0|543|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|0.04%
|{{Steady}}
|247,956
|{{lost|Lost}}
|}

===State legislative assembly elections===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] Elections<ref name="PY_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/87-puducherry/|title=Puducherry Assembly Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref>
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Year
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assembly
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Party leader
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Seats contested
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Seats won
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Change in seats
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Percentage of votes
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Vote swing
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Popular vote
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Outcome
|-
|[[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
|rowspan=4|[[N. Rangasamy]]
|17
|{{Composition bar compact|15|30|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|{{increase}} 15
|31.75%
|{{steady}}
|221,552
|{{won|Government}}
|-
|[[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[14th Puducherry Assembly|14th]]
|30
|{{Composition bar compact|8|30|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|28.12%
|{{decrease}} 3.63%
|225,082
|style="background:#FFA07A;"|Opposition
|-
|[[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[15th Puducherry Assembly|15th]]
|16
|{{Composition bar compact|10|30|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|25.85%
|{{decrease}} 2.27%
|216,249
|{{won|Coalition Government}}
|}

==List of party leaders==
===Presidents===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!1
|[[File:N._Rangaswami.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' (1950–)
|7 February 2011
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2011|02|07}}
|}

==Legislative leaders==
===List of chief ministers===
====Chief ministers of Puducherry====
{{further|List of chief ministers of Puducherry}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Assembly}}]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|{{black|Election}}]])}}
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Constituency
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Ministry
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!rowspan=2|1
|rowspan=2|[[File:N_Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=2|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' (1950–)
|16 May 2011
|5 June 2016
|rowspan=2|{{age in years and days|2016|04|17}}
|13th {{small|([[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]])}}
|[[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]
|Rangasamy III
|-
|7 May 2021
|''Incumbent''
|[[15th Puducherry Assembly|15th]] {{small|([[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]])}}
|[[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]
|[[Fourth Rangaswamy ministry|Rangasamy IV]]
|}

===List of speakers===
====Speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly====
{{further|List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Assembly}}]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|{{black|Election}}]])}}
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Constituency
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!1
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|'''V. Sabapathy''' (1944–)
|29 June 2011
|21 May 2016
|4 years, 327 days
|13th {{small|([[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]])}}
|[[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]
|}

===List of deputy speakers===
====Deputy speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly====
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Assembly}}]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|{{black|Election}}]])}}
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Constituency
!rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|{{white|Speaker}}]]
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!1
|[[File:TPR SELVAM.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[T. P. R. Selvame]]''' (1971–)
|3 November 2011
|21 May 2016
|4 years, 200 days
|13th {{small|([[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]])}}
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|V. Sabapathy
|style="background:{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}};"|
|-
!2
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|'''[[P. Rajavelu]]''' (1961–)
|26 August 2021
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2021|08|26}}
|[[15th Puducherry Assembly|15th]] {{small|([[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]])}}
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|[[Embalam R. Selvam]]
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};"|
|}

===List of leaders of the opposition===
====Leaders of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly====
{{further|List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Assembly}}]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|{{black|Election}}]])}}
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Constituency
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!1
|[[File:N_Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' (1950–)
|24 August 2016
|22 February 2021
|4 years, 182 days
|[[14th Puducherry Assembly|14th]] {{small|([[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]])}}
|[[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]
|}

===List of deputy leaders of the opposition===
====Deputy leaders of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly====
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Term in office
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Assembly}}]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|{{black|Election}}]])}}
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Constituency
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|{{black|Leader of the Opposition}}]]
|-
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Left office
!style="background-color:#9FE2BF;color:black"|Time in office
|-
!1
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|'''[[P. R. N. Thirumurugan]]''' (1972–)
|24 August 2016
|22 February 2021
|4 years, 182 days
|[[14th Puducherry Assembly|14th]] {{small|([[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]])}}
|[[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]
|[[N. Rangasamy]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of political parties in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{National Democratic Alliance|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2011 establishments in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Member parties of the National Democratic Alliance]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2011]]
[[Category:Populist parties]]
[[Category:Recognised state political parties in India]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in India]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:All India N.R. Congress]]

Chaluve Gowda

2026-05-03T07:47:40Z

BP Writer: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Hombale Films]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Murai Maaman

2026-04-30T03:33:02Z

BP Writer:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Murai Maaman.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Sundar C]]
| producer = {{ubl|N. Prabavathy|J. Jyothi Lakshmi|N. Vishnuram|N. Raghuram}}
| writer = {{ubl|Sundar C|[[K. Selva Bharathy]] (dialogues)}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jayaram]]|[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]}}
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]
| editing = B. S. Vasu
| studio = Ganga Gowri Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1995|05|19}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Murai Maaman''''' ({{Translation|Mother's Brother}}) is a 1995 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] and the directorial debut of [[Sundar C]]. The film stars [[Jayaram]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]. It was released on 19 May 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murai maman ( 1995 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=murai%20maman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731050144/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=murai%20maman |archive-date=31 July 2012 |access-date=26 March 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Sirusu and his elder brother Perusu are rich bachelors who own a village cinema theatre and many orchards and farms. Their family receives the first respect in their region. For several years, his family feuded with the family of their rich relative Parameswaran Gounder. In the past, Sirusu's father was killed by Parameswaran's brother, who was sentenced to death, then Saratha (Sirusu's sister) secretly married a relative of Parameswaran's.

Saratha comes from [[Mumbai]] with her husband Sabapathy and her daughter Indhu. Sirusu falls in love with Indhu at first sight. Parameswaran Gounder and his son Ratnam Gounder propose to Sabapathy to marry Ratnam to Parameswaran's daughter. Indhu's father forces her to marry, but she refuses. Indhu decides to leave the village, but Sirusu stops her. Indhu says that she does not want to marry Ratnam and is not in love with Sirusu either. The villagers misunderstand their relationship. Indhu tells Ratnam that they were only talking, but Sirusu lies to marry Indhu.

Sirusu marries Indhu, as he wanted. However, Indhu refuses to live with him as his wife. Then, she becomes very ill, and he takes care of her. Sirusu's mother explains that he must place a statue of a god in the village temple to save Indhu. Sirusu accomplishes it with his brother's help, and Indhu understands Sirusu's feelings.

Ratnam's henchmen beat Sirusu, and he gets admitted to the hospital. Ratnam removes Indhu's [[Mangalsutra|Thaali]] and kidnaps her. A fight ensues, and Sirusu saves his wife. Parameswaran and Ratnam realize their mistakes and apologize to Sirusu. The two families unite and live happily.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Jayaram]] as Sirusu
*[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Indhu
*[[Goundamani]] as Perusu aka Pannai Gounder
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Sirusu's mother
*[[Sangeetha (Telugu actress)|Sangeetha]] as Saratha
*[[Jai Ganesh]] as Sabapathy, Saratha's husband
*[[Senthil]] as Chinna Thambi
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Parameswaran Gounder
*[[Kazan Khan]] as Rathnam Gounder
*[[Sundar C]] in a cameo appearance
}}

== Production ==
''Murai Maman'' is the directorial debut of Sundar C.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2015 |title=Sundar C was introduced as a director in Murai Maaman |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/sundar-c-was-introduced-as-a-director-in-murai-maaman/articleshow/45907656.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330095933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/sundar-c-was-introduced-as-a-director-in-murai-maaman/articleshow/45907656.cms |archive-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> He initially wanted a leading [[action hero]] to play the lead role and approached [[R. Sarathkumar]], but the producer was unavailable to sign the actor. Subsequently, the director chose [[Jayaram]] to play the lead role. Sundar revealed that he tapped into his innate sense of humour, as Jayaram was very famous for his comedy in [[Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2013 |title=My wife is my backbone – Sundar C |url=http://southscope.in/tamil/article/my-wife-my-backbone-director-sundar-c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041953/http://southscope.in/tamil/article/my-wife-my-backbone-director-sundar-c |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=15 February 2014 |website=[[South Scope]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z15UluasxU |title=Sundar C – "Rajini said NO to that song!" – BOFTA Masterclass – BW |date=18 September 2015 |language=ta |publisher=BehindwoodsTV |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322120717/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z15UluasxU |archive-date=22 March 2016 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murai Maaman |url=https://gaana.com/album/murai-maaman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330094137/https://gaana.com/album/murai-maaman |archive-date=30 March 2022 |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellame En Kadhali- Murai Maaman Tamil Film Audio CD by Vidyasagar |url=https://mossymart.com/shop/ellame-en-kadhali-murai-maaman-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-vidyasagar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126140009/https://mossymart.com/shop/ellame-en-kadhali-murai-maaman-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-vidyasagar/ |archive-date=26 November 2025 |access-date=26 November 2025 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Thenna Marathula
| extra1 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| lyrics1 = [[Palani Bharathi]]
| length1 = 04:44
| title2 = Anandham Anandham
| extra2 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
| lyrics2 = Palani Bharathi
| length2 = 05:24
| title3 = Kangalai Thoothuviten
| extra3 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| lyrics3 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| length3 = 04:12
| title4 = Poove Poove
| extra4 = [[Ouseppachan]]
| lyrics4 = Vairamuthu
| length4 = 04:04
| title5 = Mannavargal Vantha Kudi
| extra5 = [[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
| lyrics5 = Palani Bharathi
| length5 = 04:39
| title6 = Yennachi Yennachi
| extra6 = [[Arunmozhi]], Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram, [[Swarnalatha]]
| lyrics6 = Palani Bharathi
| length6 = 04:24
| total_length = 27:27
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Sundar C}}

[[Category:1995 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1995 comedy films]]
[[Category:1995 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sundar C]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Mooga Nomu

2026-04-25T00:22:03Z

BP Writer: new new entry...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mooga Nomu
| image = Mooga Nomu.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[D. Yoganand]]
| producer = M. Murugan M. Kumaran [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] M. Balasubramanian [[M. S. Guhan]]
| screenplay = Javar Seetharaman
| story = [[Javar Seetharaman]]
| based_on = ''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'' (Tamil)
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] [[Venniradai Nirmala]]
| music = [[R. Govardhanam]]
| cinematography = P. Bhaskar Rao
| editing = R. Vital
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1969|2|13|df=yes}}
| runtime = 168 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Mooga Nomu''''' ({{translation|Mute Lips}}) is a 1969 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], produced M. Murugan, [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] and M. Kumaran of [[AVM Productions]] and directed by [[D. Yoganand]]. The film stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] and [[Venniradai Nirmala]] with music composed by [[R. Govardhanam]]. It is a remake of the studio's [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'' (1960).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |pages=90 |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |orig-date=2005}}</ref> The film was released on 13 February 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movies from AVM Productions |url=http://avm.in/movies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420184235/http://avm.in/movies.html |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=24 December 2018 |website=[[AVM Productions]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins at Ratnagiri with Zamindar Rao Bahadur Raja Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Gopalam and his only heir, Venu. Gauri is the daughter of peasant Somaiah. They crush and knit secretly in a temple. Zamindar is conscious of it in Venu's absence and takes an oath from Gauri to discard Venu adherent to prestige. However, she conceived till then, who quiets dispute mortifications because of gratitude and quits the town with her father. Soon, Gauri delivers a baby boy whom Somaiah withdraws to an orphanage and declares his death.

Meanwhile, Venu returns, and his inquiries lead him to suspect Gauri's fidelity. Grief-stricken, he turns a wanderer and alcoholic. After eight years, Venu & Gauri's son Gopi becomes an intelligent at the orphanage. Destiny appoints Gauri as a teacher in the same school and expresses passionate affection for Gopi. Once, Venu visits its annual day, where he becomes fascinated by Gopi. Presiding over, he encounters Gauri and terminates her. Due to an unknown affinity, Venu adopts Gopi and relinquishes his vices at his insistence.

Following this, Sowkar Subbaiah, a wealthy man, forwards the bridal connection of his daughter, Rajani. Venu accepts it on the force of Gopi. Terminally ill Somaiah confesses his sin and announces Gauri, Gopi, as her child. She perturbs his whereabouts but in vain. Fortuitously, she meets Gopi in a temple, states the fact, and is delighted to know that his father is rearing him. Gauri also learns about Venu's wedlock and asks Gopi to be silent. During the espousal, Rajani conflicts with Gopi, which creates chaos. Gopi detests her and walks to retrieve Gauri. Somaiah & Gauri rush to the palace and try to exit with Gopi. Venu intercepts Gauri, who seeks the boy's parentage and abuses her, but she thresholds the pain. At last, Zamindar collapses and bows his head before Gauri's stoicism. Hence, he divulges the actuality and pleads pardon. Finally, the movie ends happily with Gopi uniting his parents.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Venu
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Gauri
*[[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] as Rajani
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as [[Rao Bahadur]] Raja Veera Venkata Satyanarayana
*[[V. Nagayya]] as Somaiah
*[[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Subbaiah
*[[B. Padmanabham|Padmanabham]] as Ranganna
*[[Vijaya Lalitha]] as Rambha
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Manga
*Master Brahmaji as Gopi
*[[Visweswara Rao|Master Visweswara Rao]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[R. Govardhanam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mooga Nomu (1969)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CGE/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230104050848/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CGE/info |archive-date=4 January 2023 |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|"Pagadala Jabili"
|[[Aarudra]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
|3:30
|-
|"Ee Vela Naalo"
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|3:59
|-
|"Nijamaina Kalayaina"
|[[Daasarathi]]
|Ghantasala
|4:03
|-
|"Ala Unte Ela"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|P. Susheela
|3:24
|-
|"Gonthu Vippi"
|[[Kosaraju]]
|[[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao|Pithapuram]], P. Susheela
|9:17
|-
|"Tallivi Neeve Tandrivi Neeve"
|Aarudra
|P. Susheela
|3:11
|-
|"Ooru Marina"
|Aarudra
|Ghantasala
|2:59
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt0341478}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{D. Yoganand}}

[[Category:1969 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1969 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Yoganand]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Govardhanam]]
[[Category:1969 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Samta Prasad

2026-04-21T12:00:52Z

BP Writer: creating new entry

{{Short description|Indian musician (1921–1994)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Samta Prasad
| image = Shahid_Parvez_Khan_performing_at_a_concert.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Samta Prasad accompanying sitar player [[Shahid Parvez Khan]]
| image_size =
| landscape = yes
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name = Samta Prasad Mishra
| alias = Gudai Maharaj
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1921|07|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1994|5|31|1921|07|20}}
| origin = [[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh
| instrument = [[Tabla]]
| genre = [[Indian classical music]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
'''Samta Prasad''' (Hindi : '''पण्डित सामता प्रसाद'''; 20 July 1921 – 31 May 1994)<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Samta Prasad - Library of Congress |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89184995 |website=id.loc.gov |publisher= |access-date=10 March 2022 |language= |date=}}</ref> was an [[Indian classical music]]ian and [[tabla]] player from the [[Benares gharana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kippen.org/t_masters/shantaprasad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208045709/http://kippen.org/t_masters/shantaprasad.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2021 |title=Shanta Prasad |publisher=kippen.org |access-date=1 May 2009 }}</ref><ref name=hi>{{cite news |title=In memoriam:UNFORGETTABLE Pandit Shanta Prasad Mishra|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201330200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604103234/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201330200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 June 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 June 2006 }}</ref> He played tabla in many [[Hindi film]]s including, ''Meri Surat Teri Ankhen'' (1963) and ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975), and film music composers [[Rahul Dev Burman]] and [[Bappi Lahiri]] were his disciples.<ref name=hi/><ref>''Pathfinders: artistes of one World''by Alka Raghuvanshi, Sudhir Tailang. Wisdom Tree, 2002. ''p. 66-67''</ref>

He was the son of Hari Sundarrr, also known as Bachaa Mishra, his grandfather was Jagannath Mishra, and his ancestors included Pratap Maharaj, also known as Gudai Maharaj.<ref>{{cite book |title=Theory and practice of tabla|last=Naimpalli |first=Sadanand|year=2005|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=81-7991-149-7 |pages=100, 104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veQX9ZuA6HQC&q=Samta+Prasad&pg=PA104 }}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1979, given by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama and the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian honour given by [[Govt. of India]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Award: Instrumental – Tabla |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] (Official listing) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217185616/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=17 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|date=30 May 2007|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf|quote="1991: 27. Samta Prasad" (Official spelling)}}</ref>

==Early life and training==
Pandit Samta Prasad was born on 20 July 1921, in [[Kabir chaura]], [[Banaras]] ([[Varanasi]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]] into a family steeped in the tradition of [[tabla]] and [[pakhawaj]] of [[Benaras gharana]], sometimes referred as ''Poorab baaj'' school.<ref>{{cite book |title=Essays on Indian music (History and culture series) |last=Kumar |first=Raj|year=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=81-7141-719-1 |page=200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwwX6DWfn3gC&q=Samta+Prasad&pg=PA200 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pt Kishan Maharaj: End of an era|author= Shovana Narayan|author-link= Shovana Narayan|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080506/nation.htm#16 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=6 May 2008 }}</ref>

His preliminary ''taalim'' (training) began with his father, who died when Samta Prasad Ji was just seven. Thereafter, he took the discipleship of Bikku Maharaj, himself a disciple of Baldev Sahai, and began to practice for long hours daily.<ref name=ban>[http://banarasilife.com/banarasi_people_prominent_in_musinc__dance Pandit Samta Prasad Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727221331/http://banarasilife.com/banarasi_people_prominent_in_musinc__dance |date=27 July 2009 }}</ref>

==Career==
Pt. Samta Prasad gave his first major performance at the "[[Allahabad]] Sangeet Sammelan" in 1942, where he impressed the musicians present there,<ref>{{cite book | title=The music of India | last=Massey | first=Reginald | author2=Jamila Massey | author2-link=Jamila Massey | year=1996 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | isbn=81-7017-332-9 | page=160 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yySNDP9XVggC&q=Samta+Prasad&pg=PA160 | chapter=15. The Musicians}}</ref> and soon established himself as an accompanist as well as a soloist.

Throughout his career, he performed in various parts of India, such as [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]] and [[Lucknow]]. He also represented the Indian cultural team while abroad, in such places as France, Russia and [[Edinburgh]].

He also played the [[tabla]] in [[Hindi films]] like, ''[[Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baje]]'', ''[[Meri Surat Teri Ankhen]]'', ''[[Basant Bahar (film)|Basant Bahar]]'', ''Asamapta'' and ''[[Sholay]]''. It is believed that music director, [[S.D. Burman]] postponed the recording of the song, ''"Nache mora manwa magan tikta dhighi dhighi"'' being sung by [[Mohd. Rafi]] in the film ''Meri Surat Teri Aakhen'' until the arrival of Pandit Samta Prasad from Banaras.<ref>{{cite web |title=SD Burman: A giant's century |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/archive/archive_fullstory.php?content_id=13871 |date=23 October 2006 |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] }}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

He died from a heart attack on May 31, 1994 in [[Pune, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1994-06-30 |title=Tabla maestro Pandit Samata Prasad passes away |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19940630-tabla-maestro-pandit-samata-prasad-passes-away-809338-1994-06-29 |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was on a visit to Pune to conduct a coaching workshop organized by Naad Roop.

==Awards and recognitions==
He was awarded "[[Padma Shri]]" in the year 1972, and received the "[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]" in 1979 and the President Scholarship in 1987. He achieved the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1991.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Disciples==
Amongst his noted disciples are Pandit Bhola Prasad Singh, Patna, Pandit Shashanka Shekhar Bakshi, Nitin Chatterjee, Naba Kumar Panda, Rahul Dev Burman (R.D.Burman, Gurmit Singh Virdee, Partha Sarathi Mukherjee, Satyanarayan Bashisht, (Late) Pandit Chandrakant Kamat, Pt. Manikrao Popatkar and Pt. Samta Prasad's son - (Late) Pandit Kumar Lal Mishra who died recently,{{when|date=January 2020}} a noted tabla player himself. Famous composer Bappi Lahiri was his disciple too.<ref name=ban/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
12. ^ Life history of the [http://www.kashibanarasvaranasi.com/pandit-gudai-maharaj Pandit Gudai Maharaj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129144615/http://www.kashibanarasvaranasi.com/pandit-gudai-maharaj |date=29 January 2016 }}.

==External links==
* [http://www.last.fm/music/Shanta+Prasad Shanta Prasad Profile] at [[Last.fm]]
* [http://www.shawnmativetsky.com/benares.html Benares Tabla Gharana]
;Video links
* {{YouTube|3nxMzCvpu48|Pandit Shanta Prasad Tabla Solo Roopak}}
* {{YouTube|10dtpWiCeLs|Pandit Shanta Prasad Tabla Solo Teental}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Shanta}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Tabla players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Musicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:20th-century drummers]]

Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25 metro station

2026-04-18T12:41:59Z

BP Writer:

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25
| style = Delhi Metro
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Airport Express}}
| image = Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sec-25 metro station (Gate no. 1).jpg
| address =
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| owned =
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Airport Express|croute}}
| platforms =
| tracks = 2
| other =
| structure = Underground
| depth = 17 meters
| levels =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| zone =
| opened = 17 September 2023
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| former =
| mpassengers =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro||line=Airport Express|right=Dwarka Sector 21}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Airport Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport Express}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25''' is a metro station extension for [[Airport Express Line (Delhi Metro)|Airport Express Line]] servicing the [[India International Convention and Expo Centre]] (IICC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/trial-run-on-extension-of-airport-express-line-from-dwarka-sector-21-to-25-begins-says-dmrc-101656267339695.html|title=Airport Express to travel deeper into Dwarka; Metro begins trials|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=27 June 2022|access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref> It is an underground station located within the IICC perimeters. Trials on this line started on 26 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sidharatha Roy|date=26 June 2022 |title=Delhi: Trial runs begin on Dwarka Sector 21-IICC metro section {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-trial-runs-begin-on-dwarka-sector-21-iicc-metro-section/articleshow/92469281.cms |access-date=2022-06-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It was inaugurated on 17 September 2023 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] along with the [[India International Convention and Expo Centre]] (IICC).<ref>{{cite web|date=16 September 2023|title=Delhi Metro Update: PM Modi to inaugurate extension of Airport Express Line. Key things to know |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-metro-update-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-extension-of-airport-express-line-key-things-to-know-11694828791010.html|access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref>

Although Gate no. 1 of Yashobhoomi metro station is situated inside the Centre, the distance walk from gate to platform is taken via a 735 meter long corridor, taking about 5-8 minutes to reach the platform. Full public access to enter IICC via this gate is granted only during any conventions and exhibition events, otherwise closed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1958199&reg=3&lang=2|title=Press Release: PM inaugurates extension of Airport Metro Express Line Station from Dwarka Sector 21 to ‘Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector 25’|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau|PIB]]|date=17 September 2023|access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://metrorailnews.in/pm-modi-inaugurates-yashobhoomi-metro-station-as-airport-express-line-gets-extension/|title=PM Modi Inaugurates Yashobhoomi Metro Station as Airport Express Line Gets Extension|publisher=Metro Rail News|date=18 September 2023|access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref> The nearest and direct entry/exit gate is via Gate no. 6.

The metro station is located close to the border of Delhi and Gurugram, and is the primary access point for the South Dwarka locality in Gurguram, located 5 kilometres south of Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector-25 metro station.

== Station Layout ==
{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="0"
| valign="top" width="50" style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |'''G'''
| valign="top" width="100" style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |Street level
| valign="top" width="500" style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |Exit/Entrance
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |'''C'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |Concourse
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" width="50" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |'''P'''
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Airport|R}} '''Next Station:''' [[Dwarka Sector 21 metro station|Dwarka Sector 21]] '''''Change at the next station for''''' '''''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Blue|croute}}'''''
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Island platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the right</nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |'''Platform 2''' '''South West bound'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" |Towards ← Train Terminates Here
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
__NOTOC__

[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2023]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}{{Delhi Metro}}{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|airport express=yes}}

Nadabet

2026-04-17T05:03:48Z

BP Writer: new a pg...

{{Short description|Village in Gujarat state, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nadabet
| official_name =
| other_name = નડાબેટ
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = BSF Stambh Nadabet 2.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = BSF Stambh, a memorial obelisk at Nadabet
| image_flag =
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| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
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| coordinates = {{coord|24.223987|N|71.207350|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Gujarat}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vav-Tharad district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
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| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
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| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
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}}

'''Nadabet''' is a village in Suigam Taluka of [[Vav-Tharad district]] of [[Gujarat]], India. Known as the '[[Wagah]] of Gujarat', it is a border location developed as a tourist destination under Seema Darshan Project by the [[Gujarat Tourism]] Department and the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=Nadabet Indo-Pakistan border viewing point: From tourist attraction to timings, here’s everything about ‘Wagah of Gujarat’ |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/travel-tourism-nadabet-indo-pakistan-border-viewing-point-from-tourist-attraction-to-timings-heres-everything-about-wagah-of-gujarat-2490930/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadabet To Be Gujarat’s Wagah As A Tourism Destination |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/nadabet-to-be-gujarats-wagah-as-a-tourism-destination/81849517.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

==Tourism ==

===Seema Darshan border tourism project===
{{anchor | Seema | Border }}

The idea of developing Nadabet as a tourist spot gained momentum as part of the Seema Darshan Project, initiated to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the [[1971 Indo-Pak war]]. The project, costing ₹125 crore, aims to provide visitors with a first-hand experience of the life of BSF personnel and the challenges faced at the border.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-urges-citizens-to-visit-nadabet-and-other-border-areas-as-part-of-seema-darshan-to-further-tourism/ |title=PM urges citizens to visit Nadabet |publisher=PM India |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amit-shah-to-launch-indo-pak-border-viewing-project-at-gujarat-s-nadabet-today-101649562008552.html |title=Amit Shah to launch Indo-Pak border viewing project at Gujarat’s Nadabet |date= |access-date= |publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

One-Sided Ceremonial Display display is held by India's BSF from Tue to Sun (closed on Monday), with a major tourist complex on India side which also has museum and cafe.<ref name=hindumal>[https://diprfile.rajasthan.gov.in/news/233707/document/R-05-10-2021-02.docx A Border Tourism Destination in Rajasthan], Government of Rajasthan, 5 Oct 2021.</ref> It has become a significant destination for patriotic tourism.<ref name=impact1>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=Explained: ‘Wagah of Gujarat’, the state’s new tourist destination |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/seema-darshan-project-india-pakistan-border-nadabet-gujarat-explained-7865503/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

===Nadeshwari Mata Temple===
{{anchor | Temple }}

There is a Nadeshwari Mata Temple,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in/banaskantha/jilavishe/jovalayak-sthal/nadeshwari-mandir.htm|title=બનાસકાંઠા જીલ્લા પંચાયત {{!}} જીલ્લા વિષે {{!}} જોવાલાયક સ્થળો {{!}} નડેશ્વરી માતાનું મંદિર|website=banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in|access-date=2018-12-17|archive-date=2011-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829232025/http://banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in/banaskantha/jilavishe/jovalayak-sthal/nadeshwari-mandir.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> inside the wildlife sanctuary, and it opens from 6:00 am to 8:00 om, prayers are performed twice daily, [[List of Hindu festivals|major Hindu festivals]] like [[Navratri]] and [[Chaitra]] [[Purnima]] are also celebrated.

Older legend links the goddess to the [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)]], 11th century King of [[Chudasama dynasty]] of [[Junagadh]] and [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], according to hich the Mother Goddess Nadeshwari appeared as a young girl to provide food and guide to the king across the ocean (now the [[Rann of Kutch]] salt desert) to rescue his sister from the Muslim [[List of monarchs of Sindh|King of Sindh]] of [[Soomra dynasty]] (r: 1010–1351 AD).

[[Border Security Force|BSF]] soldiers, who believe the goddess offers them divine protection in the harsh desert terrain, often visit the "mother's court" before going on duty. Legend states that during the [[India–Pakistan war of 1971]], a detachment of Indian troops lost their way after entering Pakistani territory. After the commander prayed to Mata Nadeshwari, she is believed to have guided the soldiers safely back to their base camp using the light of a lamp. Hence, Mata Nadeshwari is regarded as a defender of the boundary, guardian of Indian warriors, and a source of strength for warriors. The original temple was built by the BSF after the 1971 war. Today, the temple's rituals are performed daily by a priest from the BSF alongside a priest from the temple trust.

===Nadabet Wildlife===
{{anchor | Wildlife }}

Nadabet Wildlife Sanctuary and the adjacent Nadabet Wetland are heaven for nature and bird watching with best time to visit being during the peak birding between October and March when the weather is pleasant and migratory activity is highest.

{{anchor | WLS}}
'''Nadabet Wildlife Sanctuary''''s arid terrain is a habitat for the endangered [[Indian Wild Ass]], [[desert fox]]es, and [[wolves]].

{{anchor | Wetland}}
'''Nadabet Wetland''', is often referred to as the ''"Heaven of Birds,"'' is a seasonally flooded landscape within the Great Rann of Kutch that serves as a critical habitat for millions of migratory and native birds. While there is no standalone "Nadabet Wildlife Sanctuary," the region is ecologically part of the broader Wild Ass Sanctuary and Kutch Desert Sanctuary. The wetland hosts staggering numbers of migratory [[flamingos]] (with surveys recording over 429,000 Lesser Flamingos and 117,000 Greater Flamingos in early 2023), migratory [[pelican]]s (massive populations of [[Great White Pelican]]s (Rosy Pelicans) and [[Dalmatian Pelican]]s 7,000 recorded), and a 2023 survey recorded 144 different bird species, including waterbirds (Eurasian Spoonbills, Black-winged Stilts, and Little Cormorants), raptors (various species of eagles and hawks), with rare sightings of [[Egyptian Goose]] (a first for India).

==Transport==

Nadabet, is reachable by road from [[Suigam]] (20 km east of Nadabet), [[Tharad]] (60 km northeast with interchange with NH-754A [[Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway]]), and [[Ahmedabad]] (240 km east ),<ref name=impact1/> Nearest railway stations are at Tharad (60 km northeast) and [[Radhanpur railway station|Radhanpur]] (70 km east). [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]] (AMD) at Ahmedabad is nearest airport with the scheduled commercial flights.

== See also ==

* [[Tourism in Gujarat]]
** [[Great_Rann_of_Kutch#Tourism|Rann Utsav festival]] 3-months long from December to February every year

* [[Borders_of_India#Border_ceremonies|India-Pakistan Border Ceremonies]]
** [[Hindumalkote]] border cerwmony
** [[Tanot]]/[[Longewala]] border ceremony

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commonscat}}
{{wikivoyage}}
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Vav-Tharad district]]
[[Category:Borders of India]]

{{Tourism-stub}}
{{Gujarat-geo-stub}}

Ranglong people

2026-04-16T12:14:10Z

BP Writer: New...

{{Short description|Ethnic group in Northeast India}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Ranglong people
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| rawimage =
| image = Ranglong nupuiparam.jpg
| caption = Ranglong Couple in their traditional attire
| population = no census
| languages = [[Ranglong_Language|Ranglong]]
| religions = {{hlist|[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]]|[[folk religion]]}}
| related_groups = {{ubl|[[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northeastern Kukish]]-speaking peoples}}
{{hlist|item_style=font-size:90%;
|([[Guite people|Guite]], [[Paite people|Paite]], [[Sukte people|Sukte]], [[Thadou people|Thadou]], [[Zou people|Zou]], [[Mizo people]])}}
}}

'''Ranglong''' is an ethnic people belonging to the [[Kuki people]]. The majority of the Ranglong people live in a small and densely packed area in the northeastern part of India, mainly in the border areas of [[Tripura]], [[Assam]] and [[Mizoram]].

== History ==
The term Ranglong is used interchangeably with Langrong by different scholars and writers. For instance, G. H. Damant and [[George Abraham Grierson|G. A. Grierson]] used the term Ranglong, while C. A. Soppitt used Langrong. At present, the people identify themselves with the term Ranglong, although some of their co-related ethnic tribes like the [[Mizo people|Mizo]] and [[Thadou people|Thadou]] use Langrong.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

G.H. Damant categorized Ranglong with the [[Southern Naga languages|Old Kukis]] of the greater [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language family.{{sfnp|Damant|1880}} Some of the ethnic tribes that speak those languages are the [[Biate people|Biate]], [[Khelma people|Khelma]], Rangkhol, [[Koireng people|Koren]], [[Aimol people|Aimol]], and [[Chiru people|Chiru]] peoples, among others. The categories of Old and New Kuki are used to identify them in relation to their period of migration and contact with the plain population of northeast [[India]].

In trying to distinguish between the two Kuki groups, G.A. Grierson further said, 'Not only do their customs and institutions differ considerably, but their languages are separated by a large group of dialects in the Lushai and Chin Hills. The so-called New Kukis are, so far as we can see, a Chin tribe, most closely related to the inhabitants of the Northern Chin Hills, while the Old Kukis are related the tribes more to the south'.<ref name=s0035869x0003224x>{{Cite journal |last=Grierson |first=George A. |date=July 1904 |title=Hastivanj |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=537–538 |doi=10.1017/s0035869x0003224x |s2cid=250351402 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref>

Since the Ranglong tribe is Old Kuki, their origin and phases of migration are the same as other Kuki-Chin ethnic groups. They were believed to have migrated from some Chinese provinces to [[Myanmar]] and to northeast India. The Ranglongs used to chant in a folk song, "''Nei omna Durnai phai''", meaning "our place of settlement is Durnai Valley". Durnai Valley is believed to be the [[Kabaw Valley]] of present-day Myanmar (formerly Burma). There is no tangible evidence as to why the Ranglongs migrated from the Kabaw Valley of Burma. G. H. Damant said that the so-called Kukis "are a migratory race, living by [[jhum]] cultivation and preferring the densest forests".{{sfnp|Damant|1880}} After their migration from the Kabaw Valley, they entered the [[Champhai]] district of [[Mizoram]] (then Lushai Hills) from approximately 1200 to 1300 CE.

They then moved farther towards the [[Churachandpur district|Churachanpur]] district of present [[Manipur]], and settled in and around the confluence of the Tiruong and Tivai rivers, which is commonly known as ''Tipai'' (''mukh'') in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. It is also called ''Tuiruong'' and ''Tuivai''. The accent of the term ''Tivai'' was changed to ''Tipai'' in Bengali, and the confluence of Tiruong and Tivai became known as ''Tipaimukh''. The two rivers joined and flowed in a western direction, getting the name ''Barak'' in the [[Barak Valley]] of [[Assam]]. In memory of those old settlements, the Ranglongs would chant "''Rili champhai zol"'', meaning "Rili Champhai plains". ''Li'' or ''dil'' means a lake or pond in the [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin language]]. It (''rili'') is a large lake in [[Myanmar]], adjoining the Champhai revenue district of Mizoram and occupying an important place in the history and culture of Kuki-Chin ethnic groups. They still have a sense of belonging to that lake due to its direct linkages with their social history. The Ranglong would also chant "''Ruonglevaisuo kati''", which means "on the bank of the confluence of river Tiruong and Tivai where we used to settle".

The settlement of the Ranglong at the confluence of the Tiruong and Tivai (Tipaimukh) rivers may date to approximately 1500 to 1600 CE. From there, they followed the river downstream till they reached Barak Valley and thereafter dispersed in different directions. Considerable numbers of the Ranglong population even migrated to the extent of [[Sylhet]] district of [[Bangladesh]]. This is evident from G.A. Grierson's comparison of the population of Ranglong language speakers in Sylhet and the North [[Cachar district|Cachar]] Hills.<ref name=s0035869x0003224x/> Most of them came back from Sylhet following the river Langkei ([[Longai River|Longai]] in Bengali), the river [[Juri River|Juri]] in present [[North Tripura district]], and the river [[Dhalai River|Dhalai]] in the [[Dhalai district]] of Tripura.

== Present settlements ==
The present settlement of Ranglong is found in three states; [[Tripura]], [[Assam]], and [[Mizoram]], having a total population of approximately 37 thousand Ranglong individuals. It is unclear whether they are still in existence in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh, Manipur and Myanmar. There is limited information about their existence in those regions. In the state of Tripura they are mainly concentrated in the hilly terrain of the North Tripura revenue district, under Dharmanagar and Panisagar revenue sub-division, bordering Assam, and in the Dhalai district of Tripura. Most of the Ranglong villages in Tripura are found adjacent to National Highway No. 08, with a few exceptions located a distance of five to ten kilometers away. Considerable numbers of Langkei and Dap clans of the Ranglong community are also found in a few interior villages of [[Kamalpur, Tripura|Kamalpur]] and [[Ambassa]]. In Assam, they are concentrated in the [[Patharkandi|Patherkandi]] revenue circle of [[Karimganj]] district, mostly on the bank of the river Longai bordering [[Tripura]] and Mizoram. A few villages are also under the Katlicherra revenue circle of Hailakandi district, and Sonai revenue circle of [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district of Assam. In Mizoram, the Ranglongs settled in Zawlnuam sub-division of [[Mamit district|Mamit]] district.

The Ranglongs have been settled in their current locations for around the last 400 to 500 years. This is evident from the names of the places in their locality that are officially recognized by the governments of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram. For instance, there is a river called ''Longai'' used as an inter-state boundary among the three mentioned Indian federated states. This river connects the [[Patharkandi|Patherkandi]] revenue circle of the [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]] district of Assam, the Panisagar revenue sub-division in north Tripura and the [[Mamit district|Mamit]] revenue district of Mizoram. The term ''Longai'' is a Bengali version of Ranglong terminology called ''Langkei''. Because of the linguistic unfamiliarity of the plains populations, the accent of ''Langkei'' has changed into ''Longai''. In fact, the word ''Langkei'' is sometimes one of the names of the Ranglong people. Within the native dwellers, and even by the government of Mizoram, the river is still recognised as Langkei rather than the alternative version. Since they are believed to be the first settlers on the bank of river Langkei, the river ultimately got the name from the native dwellers. Similarly, there is a name of a locality officially called Solgoi in the Patherkandi revenue circle of Karimganj revenue district of Assam. It is, however. an incorrect pronunciation of the Ranglong word ''solngui'', which is actually the name of a flower found naturally in that area, and so that particular area was named after the solngui flower. The Ranglongs once settled in Solgoi areas before moving the upstream of the river Langkei (Longai) bordering Mizoram and Tripura.

===Ranglong as a distinct community===

The Ranglong community has become a minority in their present respective Indian federated states. The Ranglong language has also been declared by the [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) as a critically endangered language among the 42 languages and 197 endangered languages in India according to the Press Information Bureau, Government of India, MHRD, 6th Aug. 2014. The Ranglong people have been amalgamated with other Indian groups since colonisation. However, scholars have clarified them as a distinct people. G. H. Damant identified the Ranglong community under Old Kuki as distinct from the Bete, Khelma and Rangkhol Communities.{{sfnp|Damant|1880|p=237}} C. A. Soppit also clearly referenced the community of Ranglong.{{sfnp|Soppit|1887|p=3}} G. A. Grierson had again identified the Ranglong as a separate community and accordingly undertook detailed linguistic research on Ranglong language.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grierson |first=George A. |date=April 1904 |title=An Ahom Cosmogony, with a Translation and a Vocabulary of the Ahom Language |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=207–213 |id=Art. IX. |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00031683 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref> [[Thomas Callan Hodson|T. C. Hodson]] did the same.{{sfnp|Hodson|1911|p=19}}

Furthermore, Colonel Shakespeare highlights the Ranglong language as distinct to other tribal languages.{{sfnp|Shakespeare|1912|p=225}} Kenneth VanBik, in his research works on, 'Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Language' grouped the Ranglong with Old Kuki as against Halam, Rangkhol, Aimol, etc.{{sfnp|VanBik|2009|p=20}} M. K. Bhasin, in his research works, 'Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Indian Population Milieu' also clearly identifies the Ranglong as a separate community alongside Lushai/Mizo, Rangkhol, Halam, etc.{{sfnp|Bhasin|2006|p=268}}

At present, the status of the community is such that it has no official recognition as Ranglong in their respective federated states. The respective state administration has instead merged them with different communities. The Ranglongs in Tripura has been merged with the Halam and Tripuri Communities, whereas in Assam they have been merged with the Kuki, Rangkhol/Hrangkhawl and Tripuri Communities. In Mizoram, they were merged with Rangkhol/Hrangkhawl and any other Mizo tribes (as per the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Orders 'Amendment' Act 1976).

Due to their merging with different communities in three federated states in India, most members of the Ranglong community are using the new groups with whom they were merged as their surname. They are officially compelled to identify themselves to a community with which the state government has merged them. However, both young and older generations of the Ranglongs have been slowly and steadily regaining their old identity in recent years. They have been identifying themselves very vocally in their distinct as 'Ranglong' and have acknowledged their common identity through diverse socio-cultural activities. The Ranglong Youth Association (RYA), a registered association under Societies Registration Act of 1860 and the only umbrella organization, has been playing a significant role for the socio-cultural uplift of the Ranglong community since its inception in 1994. There is anticipation among the Ranglongs that unless the respective state administration does not take some proactive measures to support this change then they may continue to be victims of injustice.

===Old Kuki tribes in Tripura: Ranglong, Hrangkhol and Halam===
[[File:Ranglong_lady.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|alt=.|A Ranglong girl with hnampon/nampon (Ranglong attire)]]
[[File:Ranglong_Lady.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|alt=Ranglong hnampon (traditional attire).|A Ranglong girl]]

The tribes belonging to the Kuki in India and Chin in Burma are the same. The first known reference to the term Kuki was made in 1777 CE in connection to the tribesmen who attacked the British subjects in [[Chittagong]] when [[Warren Hastings]] was made the [[Governor-general of Bengal|Governor General of Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Gangmumei Kamei |title=Ethnicity and Social Change: An Anthology of Essay |place=Imphal |publisher=PC Jain and Co. |date=2002 |page=25}}</ref> There are many theories about the origin of the word Kuki. Some{{Who|date=August 2022}} believe that it derives from the Baluchistan word ''kuchi'', meaning "wandering people". Some others{{Who|date=August 2022}} said that it comes from the word ''kooky,'' meaning "peculiar or unusual people".<ref>{{cite news |author=Aheibam Koireng Singh |title=The Kuki Identity then and now |work=Manipur Times |date=Nov 18, 2016}}</ref> Prim S. Vaiphei believes that it was a derogatory name given to the outsiders to an ethnic group of people living in western Burma, North East India, and Bangladesh.<ref>{{citation |author=Prim S. Vaiphei |chapter=The Kukis |editor=Sanajaoba Naorem |title=Manipur: Past and Present |volume=3 |place=New Delhi |publisher=Mittal Publication |date=1995 |page=126}}</ref>

According to G. H. Damant, the Ranglong, Bete, Khelma and Rangkhol were the Old Kukis.{{sfnp|Damant|1880|p=237}} According to [[Thomas Callan Hodson|T. C. Hodson]], the Ranglong, Rangkhol, Bete, Hallam, [[Aimol people|Aimol]], Kolren, Kom, Cha, Mhar, [[Anāl people|Anal]], Hiroi-Lamgang and Puru' were identified as belonging to the Old Kuki group.{{sfnp|Hodson|1911|p=19}} Again, according to Kenneth VanBik, the Ranglong, Aimol, Chiru, Purum, Kom, Hrangkhol, Halam, Kolhreng, Luhupa, Tarau, Anal, Biate, and Vaiphei were also categorized as Old Kuki.{{sfnp|VanBik|2009|p=20}} It is difficult to clearly differentiate the Old Kuki and New Kuki considering the present socio-cultural setting among hill tribes. As per the Scheduled Tribes Orders Second (Amendment) Acts, 2002, the Government of India identifies some tribal communities in the northeastern states under Kuki and not necessarily as Old Kuki and New Kuki.

As per the identification and categorization of Old Kuki tribes by the above-mentioned scholars, there are three tribes found in Tripura. They are the Ranglong, Rangkhol and Halam.' According to the record of the Scheduled Tribes List, most of the other Old Kuki tribes are at present found in Manipur and Assam and a few of them are also found in Mizoram. (for further information, please see Scheduled Tribes Orders Second (Amendment) Acts, 2002, Government of India) However, the official recognition of the Old Kuki tribes in Tripura is now in different forms. The Ranglong tribe is now merged with Halam, the Rangkhol/Hrangkhawl with Kuki and the Hallam/Halam is directly recognized as the Halam tribe. As the earlier scholars grouped both the Ranglong and Hallam under Old Kuki, it could be inferred that the migratory route of the two Old Kuki tribes must be the same. Hence, it can be further surmised that there must have been a huge magnitude of population intermixture between the two tribes. S. B. K. Dev Varman comments that, "[The Ranglong] came into contact with the ruling dynasty of the day and accepted the suzerainty of the kings of Tripura. They are known as 'Mila Kukis' also. The Kukis call them 'Ranglong".<ref>{{cite book |first=S. B. K. |last=Dev Varman |title=The tribes of Tripura: A dissertation |publisher=Directorate of Research, Tribal Research Institute, Government of Tripura |place=Agartala |date=2004 |page=35}}</ref>

As the Ranglong are officially merged with the Halam, regardless of the Ranglong being identified as a separate tribe from the Halam under Old Kuki by many renowned scholars, the majority of the Ranglongs had used Halam as their [[surname]]. But as the Ranglong began to recuperate their past distinct identity, they have gradually started using the tribe's name (Ranglong) as their surname. At present, the Ranglongs are having well awareness of their distinct identity as a separate tribe. They have been acknowledging their identity as Ranglong in different socio-cultural activities. They have their own distinct and organized customary law called Halamasa which is a customary law given by the then Tripura Maharajas.<ref>{{cite book |title=Khurpuitabum: An Introduction to the History of Ranglong |publisher=Tribal Research and Cultural Institute, Govt. of India |date=2014 |pages=37–46}}</ref> It has been practiced for last fifty years (approximately){{When|date=August 2022}} and major disputes within the group are solved and adjudicated on the basis of their customary law. Internal disputes among themselves hardly reach the general court, accepting a few cases that are beyond the capacity to be solved by the village-level council.

Although the Ranglongs understand that many renowned scholars identify and categorise the two tribes, Ranglong and Halam, as distinct and separate,{{sfnp|Hodson|1911|p=19}}{{sfnp|VanBik|2009|p=20}}{{sfnp|Bhasin|2006}} they (the Ranglong) still identify themselves as Halam relating to any official matter that is beyond the purview of the Ranglong tribes. So, many Ranglongs (accepting some of them) who identify as 'Ranglong' within their locality identify themself as Halam if they are physically outside or beyond the local areas and especially among the non-Scheduled Tribes populace. For instance, if a Ranglong from Koileng (Bagbasa) of North Tripura identifies as 'Ranglong' within that locality, they may also identify as belonging to the Halam tribe after reaching [[Dharmanagar]] town of North Tripura. As the Ranglong tribe is officially merged with the Halam tribe, few people outside the inhabited areas of Ranglong know about the separate existence of the Ranglong tribe. Hence, for any official purpose and for making any sort of official correspondence they have to identify themselves as Halam for ease.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Religion==
Most Ranglong people follow Christianity, while the rest mainly practice [[folk religion]] and certain [[Ritual|rituals]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goswami |first1=D.N. |title=The Ranglongs of Tripura |publisher=Tribal Research and Cultural Institute |pages=48}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Grierson G.A., Linguistic Survey of India, Vol - iii, Part - iii. p-207
*{{cite web |title=Ranglong |website=Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rnl}}
*{{cite web |title=Ranglong Documentation |website=Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL) |url=http://www.sppel.org/ranglongdoc.aspx}}

==Sources==
* {{cite journal |last=Bhasin |first=M. K. |date=2006 |title=Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Indian Population Milieu |journal=Int J Hum Genet |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=233–274 |doi=10.1080/09723757.2006.11885969 |s2cid=52205468 |place=Delhi |publisher=University of Delhi |url=https://www.academia.edu/6053855 |access-date=2024-07-02}}
* Bhasin, M. K. (2007), 'Racial, Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Elements in Indian Population' in Journal of 'Indian Anthropology' India: Haryana.
* {{Cite journal |last=Damant |first=G. H. |date=April 1880 |title=Notes on the Locality and Population of the Tribes dwelling between the Brahmaputra and Ningthi Rivers |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=228–258 |id=Art. VIII |doi=10.1017/s0035869x00017494 |s2cid=162006568 |issn=0035-869X}}
* Geertz, Clifford (1973), 'The Interpretation of Cultures' Chicago: Basic Books publisher
* Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, (2014), 'Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages in India,' New Delhi, India.
* Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, 'The Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act', 1976.]
* Grierson, G.A. (1904), 'The Linguistic Survey of India' Vol. III, Part-III, New Delhi: Kalpaz Publication.
* Halam, T. (2013), 'An Introduction to the History of Ranglong,' Agartala: Tribal Research Institute, Tripura.
* {{cite book |last=Hodson |first=T. C. |date=1911 |title=The Naga Tribes of Manipur |place=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co.}}
* Isaacs, H. Robert (1975), 'Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change' Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
* Khoilamthang, (2001), 'A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto Chin' Chiang Mai: Payap University, Thailand.
* Mackenzie, A. (1884), 'History of the Relations of the Government of with the Hill Tribes of North-East Frontier of Bengal' Calcutta: Home Department Press.
* Matisoff, J.A., Baron, S.P., and Lowe, J.B. (1996), 'Languages and Dialects of Tibeto-Burman,' Center for Southeast Asia Studies, Monograph Series No. 2, Berkeley: University of California.
* Mortensen, D, and Keogh, J. (2011), 'Sorbung, an Undocumented Language of Manipur: Its Phonoplgy and Place in Tibeto-Burman' in 'Journal of the South Asian Linguistic Society' Vol. 4(1).
* {{cite book |last=Shakespeare |first=C. |date=1912 |title=The Lushei Kuki Clan |place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California}}
* {{cite book |last=Soppit |first=C. A. |date=1887 |title=A short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribe on the North-East Frontier |place=Cambridge, Mass. |publisher=Harvard University Press}}
* Thurgood, G, and LaPolla, J.R. Edition, (2003), 'The Sino-Tibetan Languages' London: Routledge Publication.
* Yetman R. Norman (1991), 'Majority and Minority: The Dynamics of Race and Ethnicity in American Life' Boston: Allyn and Bacon publisher.
* Young Q. Philip (2000), 'Ethnic Studies: Issues and Approaches' New York: State University of New York.
* {{cite book |last=VanBik |first=Kenneth |date=2009 |title=Proto-Kuki-Chin: A reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-Chin languages |series=STEDP Monograph Series |place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California}}
* Van den Berghe, L. Pierre (1987), 'The ethnic phenomenon' London: Preager

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Languages of Tripura]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

Kokrajhar East Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:22Z

BP Writer: creating a article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kokrajhar East
| constituency_no = 30
| type = SLA
| map_image = Kokrajhar East Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency|Kokrajhar]]
| district = [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished = 2023
}}
'''Kokrajhar East Assembly constituency''' was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of [[India]]. Kokrajhar East was also part of [[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency]].

This constituency was abolished in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Rani Manjula Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1973 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1973]]
| [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[Samar Brahma Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Plain Tribals Council of Assam}}
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| [[Dambarudhar Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Charan Narzary]]
| {{Full party name with color|Plain Tribals Council of Assam}}
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bodoland People's Front}}
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bodoland People's Front}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Lawrence Islary]]
| {{Full party name with color|United People's Party Liberal}}
|}

== Election results ==
===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kokrajhar East}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = United People's Party Liberal
|candidate = [[Lawrence Islary]]
|votes = 83,515
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bodoland People's Front
|candidate = [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
|votes = 63,420
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Manaj Kumar Brahma
|votes = 3,264
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mijing Brahma
|votes = 1,276
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sailendra Nath Brahma
|votes = 897
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,883
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20095
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = United People's Party Liberal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kokrajhar East}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bodoland People's Front
|candidate = [[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
|votes = 76,496
|percentage = 55.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pratibha Brahma
|votes = 36,405
|percentage = 26.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Manu Borgayary
|votes = 12,588
|percentage = 9.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Basanta Kumar Medhi
|votes = 6,994
|percentage = 5.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ajay Kumar Narzary
|votes = 1,816
|percentage = 1.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rajesh Narzary
|votes = 1,642
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,288
|percentage = 1.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 40,091
|percentage = 29.01
|change = -11.64
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,38,229
|percentage = 83.76
|change = +7.04
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bodoland People's Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Kokrajhar]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.410|90.281|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar district| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]

Udai Lal Bhadana

2026-04-13T00:12:05Z

BP Writer: creating entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Udai Lal Bhadana
| office = Member of [[16th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Mandal Assembly constituency|Mandal]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| assembly = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = Ramlal Jat
| successor =
| term_start = 15 December 2023
| term_end =
| source =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
}}

'''Udai Lal Bhadana''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[16th Rajasthan Assembly]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rajasthan/mandal-assembly-constituency-s20aed2008a178/|title=Mandal Election Result 2023: Mandal Elections 2023 Result Tally, Mandal Winner & Loser List|website=www.news18.com|year=2023|accessdate=1 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election/Mandal-178|title=Mandal Assembly Rajasthan Election 2023 Results Live: Rajasthan constituency Results, Winner list and vote share|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> representing the [[Mandal Assembly constituency]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election/mandal-constituency/|title=Mandal Election 2023: Get Latest News Updates of the Mandal Constituency Seat in Rajasthan Assembly Election 2023.|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/rajasthan/mandal-assembly-result-20178|title=Mandal Assembly Election Results 2023: Mandal Election Candidates List, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi | मंडल विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2023 - AajTak|website=Aaj Tak|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/mandal|title=Mandal Constituency Election Results 2023: Mandal Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mandal-rajasthan-constituency-election-2023-candidates-list-election-voting-election-result-date-winner-runner-up-details/3281596/|title=Mandal Rajasthan Assembly Constituency Election 2023: Date of Result, Voting, Counting; Candidates|date=3 December 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Following the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/elections/mandal-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687446.html|title=Mandal Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin|date=3 December 2023|website=News18}}</ref> he was elected as an MLA from the Mandal Assembly constituency. He defeated Indian national Congress (INC) candidate Ramlal Jat with 35,878 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/mandal-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470793-2023-12-03|title=Mandal Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Udai Lal Bhadana defeats INC's Ram Lal Jat with 35878 votes|website=India Today|date=3 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-2023/rajasthan-mandal-constituency-178.html|title=Mandal Election Result 2023 Live, Mandal Elections Vote Counting, Rajasthan Results 2023 | ABP News|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S20.htm|title=Election|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhadana, Udai Lal}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Puttanna

2026-04-11T20:01:39Z

BP Writer: Article...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Puttanna
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (Since 2023)
| office = [[List of deputy chairmen of the Karnataka Legislative Council|Deputy Chairman]] of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| successor = [[Maritibbe Gowda]]
| predecessor = [[Vimala Gowda]]
| term_start = 15 July 2014
| term_end = 30 July 2015
| term_start1 = 21 January 2009
| term_end1 = 14 January 2011
| predecessor1 = Sachidananda L. Khot
| successor1 = [[Vimala Gowda]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| term_start2 = 10 November 2020
| term_end2 = 9 March 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/politics/karnataka-four-time-bjp-mlc-jumps-ship-to-congress/articleshow/98526316.cms|title=Karnataka: Four-time BJP MLC jumps ship to Congress}}</ref>
| constituency2 = Bangalore Teachers
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|4|22|df=y}}
| death_cause =
| death_place =
| death_date =
| birth_place = Kadankanahalli
| other_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2020 - 2023)
[[Janata Dal (Secular)]] (Before 2020)
| education = M.A. (History)
| occupation = [[Agriculture]] & [[Social Service]]
}}
'''Puttanna''' is an Indian politician who served as Deputy Chairperson of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]].<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-16 |title=Puttanna is Council Deputy Chairman |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/419971/puttanna-council-deputy-chairman.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=TheHindu>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-15 |title=Puttanna elected Deputy Chairperson of Council |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/puttanna-elected-deputy-chairperson-of-council/article6214419.ece |access-date=2023-02-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He regained the position in 2014 after losing it to [[Vimala Gowda]] in 2011.<ref name=DeccanHerald /><ref name=TheHindu />

== Personal life ==
He was born on 22 April 1966 in Kadankanahalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಸದಸ್ಯರು, ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಿಧಾನ ಪರಿಷತ್ತು |url=https://www.kla.kar.nic.in/council/Kan_Puttanna.htm |website=[[Karnataka Legislature]]}}</ref> He is a postgraduate in history.<ref name=TheHindu />

==See also==
* [[List of deputy chairmen of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puttanna}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLCs 2014–2020]]
[[Category:Deputy chairpersons of Karnataka Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-politician-stub}}

Lumbaram Choudhary

2026-04-10T13:42:14Z

BP Writer: new data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox office holder
| name = Lumbaram Choudhary
| image =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Sirohi Jalore Lok Sabha constituency| Sirohi Jalore]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Devji M Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| source =
}}

'''Lumbaram Choudhary''' ({{IPA|hi|lʊmbaːɾaːm t͡ʃɔːd̪ʱ.ɾiː}}) is an [[Indian politician]] from [[Sirohi]], Rajasthan. He was elected as a Member of Parliament from [[Sirohi-Jalore Lok Sabha constituency]] defeating [[Vaibhav Gehlot (Rajasthan)|Vaibhav Gehlot]]. He belongs to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Jalore election results 2024 live updates: BJP's Lumbaram won with over 2 lakh vote margin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jalore-election-results-2024-rajasthan-jalore-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-vaibhav-gehlot-cong-lumbaram-bjp/articleshow/110673016.cms |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Jalore, Rajasthan Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Lumbaram Secures Victory by 201543 Votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/jalore-rajasthan-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2547919-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Lumbaram}}

[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]

{{improve categories|date=June 2024}}

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mahaguru (1985 film)

2026-03-27T14:29:23Z

BP Writer: minor edit

{{short description|1985 Hindi film}}
{{About||the 2007 film|Mahaguru (2007 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mahaguru
| image = Mahaguru (1985 film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = S. S. Ravichandra
| writer = Gyandev Agnihotri [[Kader Khan]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]] [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] [[Rakesh Roshan]]
| producer = [[Chandra Sekhar]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| released = {{Film date|1985|05|10|df=yes}}
| editing = K. Gopalarao
| studio = Krishna Arts Combines
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''Mahaguru''''' is a 1985 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] directed by S. S. Ravichandra starring [[Rajinikanth]], [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Maha+Guru|title=Film-Mahaguru|publisher=IBOS|accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maha-guru/cast/|title=Maha Guru Cast & Crew|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNso0nuBw1k |title=Mahaguru 1985-Full Movie|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref> It was notable as the only film in which [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] was paired opposite [[Rajinikanth]] and for its witty dialogues written by [[Kader Khan]]. The film was dubbed into Tamil as ''Raja Guru''.<ref>{{cite AV media| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/0x0E6d3PV-g| archive-date = 2021-12-09| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x0E6d3PV-g| title = Raja Guru Full Movie HD | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/rajinikanths-tryst-with-bollywood-hum-andha-kanoon-chaalbaaz/ | title=Rajinikanth's tryst with Bollywood: Hum, Andha Kanoon, Chaalbaaz | date=23 May 2014 }}</ref>

==Plot==
Naagraj Darbari and his associate Shyam Kumar Talwari rule over a small community in India with an iron hand. When a former military officer, Subhash, comes home to his mother and sister, he is appalled at the conditions that the community is living in and decides to do everything possible to improve their lot. This gets him in the bad books of Darbari and Talwari, who recruit a hit-man named Mahaguru to deal with Subhash. Mahaguru confronts Subhash and severely beats him up, resulting in Subhash being crippled for life. Shortly thereafter, Mahaguru rescues Subhash's sister Laxmi from some men who were molesting her. Village belle Basanti, a close friend of Subhash, decides to have a go at turning Mahaguru around. She starts a friendship with him, finds out his name is really Vijay and he does respond positively and becomes attracted to her. This leaves Subhash free to assist the community, thus angering Darbari and Talwari all the more. They abduct Subhash and hold him prisoner and then instruct Mahaguru to do away with him.

==Cast==
* [[Rajnikanth]] as Vijay / Mahaguru
* [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] as Basanti
* [[Rakesh Roshan]] as Subhash
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Subhash's Mother
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Giri
* [[Kader Khan]] as Naagraj Darbari
* [[Shafi Inamdar]] as Shyam Kumar Talwari
* [[Shubha Khote]] as Chanda Talwari
* [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Dancer / Singer

==Music==
It has four songs composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]]. All are written by [[Indeevar]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Jaal Daalo Ji"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Amit Kumar]]
|-
| "Chikni Chikni"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Phir Milne Aap"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Shabbir Kumar]]
|-
| "Kuch Din Pehle"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Manhar Udhas]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0363787}}

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. S. Ravichandra]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Kumar Sanu

2026-03-24T16:27:16Z

BP Writer:

{{short description|Indian playback singer (born 1957)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kumar Sanu
| image = Kumar Sanu at colors indian telly awards.jpg
| caption = Kumar Sanu at Indian Telly Awards
| birth_name = Kedarnath Bhattacharya
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (present-day Kolkata)
| occupation = [[Playback singer]]
| years_active = 1983–present
| known_for = Playback singing in 1990s Bollywood films
| notable_works = ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' (1992)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kumar Sanu|Full list]]
|honors = [[Padma Shri]](2009)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Rita Bhattacharya|1986|1994|reason=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Saloni Bhattacharya|2001}}}}
| module2 = {{Infobox youtuber
| child = yes
| youtube_handle = @thekumarsanuofficial
| youtube_display_name =
| youtube_years_active = 2014–present
| youtube_genre = Music
| youtube_subscribers = 1.25 million
| youtube_views = 2.2 billion
| stats_update = 1 December 2025
}}
| alias = Melody King of Bollywood<ref name=":0"/>
| website =
}}
'''Kumar Sanu''' (born Kedarnath Bhattacharya on 20 October 1957 {{audio|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-কুমার শানু.wav|pronunciation}}) is an Indian [[playback singer]] who gained recognition in [[Hindi cinema]] during the 1990s.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Shailaja |date=29 August 2017 |title=Notes to note from the melody king of Bollywood, Kumar Sanu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/kumar-sanu-on-melody-his-schools-for-the-underprivileged-and-the-changing-music-industry/article19580801.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref> He is known for his melodious voice and prolific output, recording songs in multiple languages including [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Odia language|Odia]].<ref name="VeethiBio" />

Sanu gained widespread recognition with the soundtrack of ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), which featured him in nearly all of the male solo songs and established him as a leading playback singer of that period.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Justin |date=16 March 2023 |title=Kumar Sanu on his 35-year career, Bollywood music over the years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/kumar-sanu-on-his-35-year-career-bollywood-music-8494924/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

He won the [[Filmfare Awards]] for Best Male Playback Singer for five consecutive years from 1990 to 1995, for films including ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Deewana]]'' (1992), ''[[Baazigar]]'' (1993) and ''[[1942: A Love Story]]'' (1994).<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Winners |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |website=Filmfare |access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref>

In 1993, Sanu entered the [[Guinness World Records]] for recording 28 songs in a single day.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu records 28 songs in 24 hours |date=20 October 2025 |url=https://navbharatlive.com/entertainment/kumar-sanu-recorded-28-songs-in-24-hours-entering-guinness-world-records-1397233.html |publisher=Navbharat Live |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

Several of his songs were included in the [[BBC]] "Top 40 [[Hindi film music|Bollywood soundtracks]] of all time".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/features/top40_soundtracks_10_01.shtml |title=BBC – Asian Network – Top 40 Soundtracks of All Time |work=BBC |access-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530050854/http://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/features/top40_soundtracks_10_01.shtml |archive-date=30 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> He has also appeared as a mentor and judge on television music reality shows.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Rohit |title=Kumar Sanu judges music reality show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kumar-sanu-judges-reality-show/articleshow/90023456.cms |work=Times of India |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

In recognition of his contributions to Indian music, Sanu was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India in 2009.<ref name="pa">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in |website=Government of India |access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Kumar Sanu's father, Pashupati Bhattacharya, was a vocalist and composer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cEuBCgAAQBAJ&dq=kumar+sanu+father&pg=PT382 |title=Bollywood through Ages + Affairs of Bollywood Stars Revealed ( Special Edition ) |publisher=Best Book Reads |isbn=978-1-310-09978-6 |language=en}}</ref> He and his elder sister lived in Panchanantala at Gopal Bose Lane in the [[Sinthee]] area of [[North Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Singer Acts |url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/anmil.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970419144738/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/anmil.htm |archive-date=19 April 1997 |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kumar Sanu's first marriage was to Rita Bhattacharya in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/kumar-sanu-s-daughter-shannon-reveals-she-was-depressed-self-harmed-after-being-trolled-online-101682422858129.html|title=Kumar Sanu's daughter Shannon K reveals she was depressed as a teen due to online trolls: 'I self-harmed' |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 April 2023 }}</ref> The couple had three children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/kumar-sanu-says-son-jaan-kumar-sanu-should-change-his-name-he-should-write-jaan-rita-bhattacharya/story-nz1FtM2krZYCJY9p7hSg7J.html|title=Kumar Sanu says son Jaan Kumar Sanu should change his name: 'He should write Jaan Rita Bhattacharya' |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 November 2020 }}</ref> They divorced in 1994. During their marriage, Kumar Sanu had entered a six-year relationship with actress [[Kunickaa Sadanand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jaan-kumar-sanu-it-was-very-daunting-to-know-kumar-sanu-is-my-father-exclusive/articleshow/99194813.cms|title=Jaan Kumar Sanu: It was very daunting to know Kumar Sanu is my father - Exclusive |work=The Times of India |date=3 April 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-bigg-boss-14s-jaans-mom-rita-bhattacharya-on-kumar-sanu-commenting-on-his-upbringing-he-should-have-realised-that-he-is-talking-about-his-own-son/photostory/79339433.cms?picid=79339500|title=Exclusive - Bigg Boss 14's Jaan's mom Rita Bhattacharya on Kumar Sanu commenting on his upbringing: He should have realised that he is talking about his own son |work=The Times of India |date=21 November 2020 }}</ref>

After separating from [[Kunickaa Sadanand]], Kumar Sanu married Saloni Bhattacharya. They have two daughters, including [[Shannon K]], a singer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=thomasowen408 |title=Meet Shannon K, The Summer's Best Up And Coming Artist ! |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/thomasowen408/meet-shannon-k-the-summeras-best-up-and-coming-2uxps |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=BuzzFeed Community |date=17 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kumar-sanus-daughter-turns-singer-at-12/articleshow/39756820.cms|title=Kumar Sanu's daughter turns singer at 12 |work=The Times of India |date=7 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kumar-sanus-daughter-shannon-on-making-her-own-identity-not-here-because-of-my-dads-name-3981197|title=Kumar Sanu's Daughter Shannon On Making Her "Own Identity": "Not Here Because Of My Dad's Name"}}</ref>

==Career==
{{Main|Kumar Sanu discography and filmography}}

Kumar Sanu, born Kedarnath Bhattacharya, began his playback career in 1984 with the film ''[[Yeh Desh]]'', followed by the Bangladeshi film ''Tin Konya'' (1985). He gained recognition in Hindi cinema with "''Jashn Hai Mohabbat Ka''" from ''[[Hero Hiralal]]'' (1988).<ref name=":1" />

===1980s: Early career===
In 1989, singer [[Jagjit Singh]] introduced him to composers [[Kalyanji Virji Shah|Kalyanji]] and [[Kalyanji–Anandji|Anandji]], who encouraged him to adopt the stage name "Kumar Sanu". He contributed to the soundtrack of ''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]'' (1989).<ref name="FilmfareJourney">{{cite web |title='90s rockstar Kumar Sanu opens up about his musical journey over the years' |work=Filmfare |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/90s-rockstar-kumar-sanu-opens-up-about-his-musical-journey-over-the-years-54473.html |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

===1990s: Prime===
Sanu rose to prominence with ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), recording nearly all male solo numbers, and won his first [[Filmfare Award]]. He subsequently won Best Male Playback Singer for five consecutive years for ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' (1992), ''[[Baazigar]]'' (1993), and ''[[1942: A Love Story]]'' (1994).<ref name="AAEMusic">{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu Artist Profile |website=AAE Music |url=https://www.aaemusic.com/artist/kumar-sanu |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="VeethiBio">{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu – Biography & Profile |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/kumar_sanu-profile-1045-1.htm |website=Veethi |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

He recorded songs in multiple languages, including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Odia, and Urdu.<ref name="VeethiBio" /> In 1993, he entered the [[Guinness World Records]] for recording 28 songs in a single day.<ref name=":3" /> Some of his notable songs from the decade include tracks from ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995), ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' (1996), ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'' (1997), [[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]] (1998) and ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' (1999).<ref name="AAEMusic" />

During the 1990s, Sanu and [[Udit Narayan]] were two of the leading male playback singers. Their professional rivalry was widely noted in media coverage, though both maintained a cordial relationship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu opens up about his infamous rivalry with Udit Narayan |website=Times of India |date=3 November 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kumar-sanu-opens-up-about-his-infamous-rivalry-with-udit-narayan-kuch-gaane-aise-lagte-the-ki-udit-gata-ya-main-gata-toh-acha-hota-tha/articleshow/104926054.cms |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref>

===Collaborations with female singers===
During the 1990s, Kumar Sanu frequently collaborated with prominent female playback singers, particularly [[Alka Yagnik]]. Several sources noted that their duets were among the most popular of the decade.<ref name="AlkaCollab">{{cite news |title=Kumar Sanu: A look at the 90s playback singer's career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kumar-sanu-a-look-at-the-90s-playback-singers-career/articleshow/74221091.cms |work=Times of India |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref> He also sang with [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], and [[Sadhana Sargam]].<ref name="AlkaCollab" />

===2000s–present===
Sanu's presence in mainstream Bollywood declined during the 2000s, though he continued recording songs and performing live shows domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu – Music, Videos & Playlists |url=https://www.frogtoon.com/music/-kumar-sanu/ |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="LiveShows">{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu belts romantic hits at evening of nostalgia |date=9 June 2015 |url=https://indiapost.com/kumar-sanu-belts-romantic-hits-at-evening-of-nostalgia/ |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

In 2009, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India.<ref name="Padma">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2009 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

From the 2010s onward, Sanu focused on nostalgia concerts and stage events celebrating 1990s and early 2000s Bollywood music.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu celebrates legacy of 90s music, calls it a 'golden era' of soulful compositions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kumar-sanu-celebrates-legacy-of-90s-music-calls-it-a-golden-era-of-soulful-compositions/articleshow/123169558.cms |work=Times of India |date=7 August 2025 |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

==Other works==
Kumar Sanu has released several tribute albums of [[Kishore Kumar]]'s songs including ''Kishore Ki Yaadein'' and the Yaadein Series, which he performed along with singers [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]] and [[Vinod Rathod]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar Sanu: The Melody Of His Voice Lingers On |url=https://odishabytes.com/kumar-sanu-the-melody-of-his-voice-lingers-on/ |website=Odisha Bytes |access-date=2 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411164246/https://odishabytes.com/kumar-sanu-the-melody-of-his-voice-lingers-on/amp/ |archive-date=11 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singer Kumar Sanu on Being the King of Melody |url=https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-will-always-remain-king/24242 |website=iDiva |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=2 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201145032/https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-will-always-remain-king/24242 |archive-date=1 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, he, along with [[Sadhana Sargam]], sang the title track of the 20th-century-based TV Series "[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hain]]", where he also made a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/kumar-sanu-makes-cameo-appearance-in-yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai/article_03443294-d37f-11e8-b0d4-73aa57eb3c7f.html|title=Kumar Sanu Makes Cameo Appearance in 'Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai'|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR, Special to|last=India-West|website=India West|access-date=20 September 2020|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501032832/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/kumar-sanu-makes-cameo-appearance-in-yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai/article_03443294-d37f-11e8-b0d4-73aa57eb3c7f.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, he recorded a song for [[Star Plus]]'s "[[Kulfi Kumar Bajewala]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UOx8oKlBmrU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/UOx8oKlBmrU| archive-date=13 December 2021 |url-status=live|title = Kulfi Kumar Bajewala | Kumar Sanu & SiKulfi|website = [[YouTube]] |date=20 February 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In [[Delhi|Delhi's]] [[Karol Bagh]], Sanu also founded a primary school for underprivileged children that provides students uniforms and books free of cost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywood.com/celebrities/kumar-sanu/news/singer-kumar-sanu-opens-school-underprivileged |title=Singer Kumar Sanu opens school for the underprivileged.. - Bollywood.com News |date=23 August 2015 |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303105745/http://www.bollywood.com/celebrities/kumar-sanu/news/singer-kumar-sanu-opens-school-underprivileged |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, Kumar Sanu collaborated with music director Vaibhav Saxena and two other singers for "''Mohabbat Mein Tere Sanam''" which was released and distributed worldwide by new-age Record Label Music Records.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Gunjan |last2=Saxena |first2=Vaibhav |title=Kumar Sanu teams up with youngsters to bring melody back – Gunjan Jha, Vaibhav Saxena create magical tunes; Kshitij, Diksha lend velvet voice |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/03/04/mohabbat-mein-tere-sanam--melody-is-back.html |website=The Week |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=2 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824130144/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/03/04/mohabbat-mein-tere-sanam--melody-is-back.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Kumar Sanu}}

== See also ==
*[[List of Indian playback singers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{DNA India|kumar-sanu}}
* {{BH person|kumar-sanu}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestMaleSinger}}
{{ScreenAwardBestMalePlaybackSinger}}
{{Bengal Film Journalists' Association Best Male Playback Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanu, Kumar}}
[[Category:Kumar Sanu| ]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Nepali-language Indian singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award winners]]

Residency Towers Chennai

2026-03-21T16:19:42Z

BP Writer: Stub...

{{short description|Hotel in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox hotel
| name = Residency Towers Chennai
| logo =
| logo_size = 200px
| image =
| caption =
| location = [[India]]
| address = [[T. Nagar]] [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 017
| hotel_chain = [[The Residency Group of Hotels|The Residency Group]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.040529|80.243738|display=inline,title}}
| opening_date = 7 April 2003
| developer = Sood & Sood builders, SAS Hotels Enterprises
| architect =
| operator = Appaswamy Group
| owner =
| number_of_rooms = 176
| number_of_suites =
| number_of_restaurants =
| floor_area =
| floor_count = 16
| height =
| parking = 180-200 cars
| website = [http://www.theresidency.com/residency-tower/chennai-tower.asp theresidency.com]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Residency Towers Chennai''' is a [[Hotel rating|five-star]] luxury hotel<ref>{{cite web
| title = Category : 5 Star
| work = List of Approved Hotels as of : 06/01/2013
| publisher = Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
| year = 2013
| url = http://tourism.gov.in/TourismDivision/HotelList.aspx?Name=Hotels%20and%20Restaurants&HCID=46
| access-date = 6 Jan 2013}}</ref> located at [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Built at a cost of {{INR}} 50 crore, the hotel is the second Residency hotel in the city and fourth in the chain.

==History==
Upon acquiring a land measuring 26 grounds from the [[Consulate-General of Russia in Chennai|Russian consulate]], Sood & Sood joined with Appaswamy Group on joint development of commercial complexes. However, they subsequently chose to build a four-star hotel instead.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Residency Towers nearing completion
| location = Chennai
| date = 30 November 2002
| url = http://hindu.com/2002/11/30/stories/2002113001011600.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040920050843/http://www.hindu.com/2002/11/30/stories/2002113001011600.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 20 September 2004
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 4 Aug 2012}}</ref>

==The hotel==
Built on a land measuring 26 grounds, the hotel has 16 floors with 176 rooms, 11 theme-based suites, theme restaurants, convention halls and car parking facilities (two basement floors) for around 180 to 200 cars. Thirty percent of the land has been taken up for the building, while the rest will be used for the car park and landscaping. Other features of the hotel include a 24-hour restaurant with an interactive kitchen and an ambiance of a recreated European street, an old-world themed bar, with beer barrels, old prints and a 1945 Norton motorcycle suspended from the ceiling and a southern specialty restaurant recreated in Chettinad style with original wooden pillars and paintings from this region.<ref name="OpensWithSingleTariff">{{cite news
| title = Residency Towers to open with single tariff
| newspaper = Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 6 April 2003
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/04/06/stories/2003040601590200.htm
| access-date = 4 Aug 2012}}</ref>

There are two executive club floors with a lounge, one suite floor, six banquet halls with a capacity of 100 to 1000. The hotel also has a business centre, swimming pool, health club and a spa. In addition, the hotel also has an exclusive ladies lounge and ladies floor.<ref name="OpensWithSingleTariff"/>

In June 2003, the hotel launched its banana leaf service at its southern speciality restaurant, Southern Aromas.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Residency Towers launches new 'leaf' service
| newspaper = Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 12 June 2003
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/06/12/stories/2003061201641700.htm
| access-date = 4 Aug 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Hotels in Chennai]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.theresidency.com/residency-tower/chennai-tower.asp Homepage of The Residency Towers Chennai]

{{Hotels in Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Hotels in Chennai]]
[[Category:Skyscraper hotels in Chennai]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 2003]]

Warangal Division

2026-03-17T15:18:13Z

BP Writer: updated details

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
'''Warangal Division''' was administratively part of the [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad State]] was made up of sixteen districts. Warangal was one of four divisions in the state.

==Districts==
[[File:Hyderabad state from the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909.jpg|thumb| Warangal Division(No.4) of [[Hyderabad State]] in 1909]]
* [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
* [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]]
* [[Warangal district|Warangal]] (present Khammam district was part of Warangal district).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Hyderabad State]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Unao Balaji Sun Temple

2026-03-16T08:07:23Z

BP Writer: creating new location

{{Short description|Surya temple in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{about|the temple of the sun of Balaji|the list of sun temples in the world|Temple of the Sun}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Unao Balaji Sun Temple
| native_name =
| alternate_name =
| image = Architect of sun temple unao balaji.jpg
| caption = Priest - Kachhi Kushwaha Kshatriya
| map_type =
| map_alt =
| map_size =
| relief =
| coordinates =
| location = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| region = [[Datia]]
| type = temple
| builder = King of Datia
| built =
| epochs =
| designation1 =
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation1_free1name =
| designation1_free1value =
}}
'''Unao Balaji Sun Temple''', a famous and rare [[sun temple]] with its own unique architecture, is situated in a small town of Unao in [[Datia]] district of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Rajni |date=19 February 2021 |title=12 most famous Sun Temples in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-stories/religion/12-most-famous-sun-temples-in-india/photostory/81103884.cms |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Times of India}}</ref> The Balaji temple was built in the pre-historic time by the king of Datia. Unnao Balaji Maharaj is worshiped by person of Kushwaha Kshatriya caste. Kachhi Kushwaha Kshatriya is the main priest of there.

==History and myth==
It is said that a [[cow]] used to go to a particular place to graze in the outskirts of Unao. The cow every day pours her milk at that particular place. The cow belonged to a person of the "[[Kachhi (caste)|Kachhi]]", Kushwaha Kshatriya. The owner of cow was not aware of this incident. Once a person of [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodhi]] [[caste]] saw that the cow is pouring her milk on the earth. The people of this cast have the occupation of assassinating cows. He immediately grabbed the opportunity and assassinated the cow. On the following night, The [[sun]] deity came in the dreams of the king of Datia and told the king to dig him out from the location, where the cow used to pour her milk. Next morning, King called his boys and dug out the place and found a statue of the sun. He built a temple in Unao and established the statue on a brick platform, and as said by the sun, the owner of that cow has been assigned the priest. Since then only people belonging to "Kachhi" Kushwaha Kshatriya caste can only sit at the brick platform and offer garlands, prasadas to the deity. Elsewhere in India, only a person belonging to Brahmin caste can offer worship. The pilgrims and pandas(people belong to Brahmin caste)also take part in the worship of the deity but the main priest is said to be "Kachhi" Kushwaha Kshatriya caste people.

==Geography==
The Balaji temple is situated in the vicinity of Unao. Unao is a small town which falls under Datia district in Madhya Pradesh. Unao is 17 km away from Datia and around 17 km from Jhansi (famous for Jhansi ki Raani, LakshmiBai) [[Jhansi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unao Sun Temple - History, Timings, Accommodations, Puja |url=https://www.rvatemples.com/listings/unao-sun-temple/ |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=RVA Temples |language=en-US}}</ref> Unao, makes a segment of a circle with Datia and Jhansi being the crossing point of the chords in the segment.
Unao can be reached by any of the two places. Jhansi is also a rail junction in the central railway. All the trains from Bhopal to Delhi are passed through Jhansi.

==Temple architecture==
The Sun Temple at Unao in Madhya Pradesh is unique in its architecture. The Sun God is the main deity of this temple. The Sun God stands on a brick platform covered with black plates. Twenty-one triangles, representing the 21 phases of the Sun are engraved in the shrine. Here, special worship is offered on Sundays. Local belief is that worshippers find relief from skin ailments at this temple.

==Significance==
The deity Balaji is very much famous for curing skin ailments. People from far distant places come and worship the deity. Below the temple, a river Pahooj is also flowing. There are some wells in the river, at the time of summer, people used to have bathe with the water in the wells. Sulphur content is found in the water of Pahooj river, which is helpful in treating skin diseases. It is said that if you have bathe in river and offer water to deity Balaji, all your incurable skin ailments will be cured within few days. Sunday is considered as the day of deity Balaji (Sun). All the inhabitants of Unao and the surrounding region has enormous faith in the deity and also have felt the power of it. Each family in Unao have at least one member in government jobs.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sun temples}}

[[Category:Tourism in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Surya temples]]
[[Category:Datia district]]

Pamireddy Pitchi Reddy

2026-03-15T03:17:12Z

BP Writer: New...

{{Short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2023}}

{{Infobox person
|name = Pamireddy Pitchi Reddy
|image =
|birth_name =
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Dokiparru]], [[Krishna district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
|citizenship =
|education =
|alma_mater =
|occupation = Industrialist
|spouse = Rama Reddy Pamireddy
|children = 3
|mother = Pamireddy Bhadramma |father = Pamireddy Krishna Reddy
}}
'''P.P. Reddy''' is an Indian industrialist and executive chairman of '''Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited (MEIL)'''. As per the report of [[Forbes]], He is one of the richest persons in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Megha's PP Reddy richest in TS with 13,400 cr|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/business/meghas-pp-reddy-richest-in-ts-with-13400-cr-567150|website=Thehansindia.com|date=26 September 2019|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=29 November 2022|title=From farmer's son to net worth of Rs 33,113 crore, how PP Reddy became India's 43rd richest person|access-date=29 July 2024|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-from-farmer-s-son-to-net-worth-of-rs-33113-crore-how-pp-reddy-became-india-s-43rd-richest-person-3006587|website=DNA India}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=P.P. Reddy|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/pp-reddy/?sh=46ed34bd5f0d|magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

==Life and career==
P.P. Reddy was born into a farmer family in 1957 in [[Dokiparru]] village, [[Krishna district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=P.P. Reddy & family|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/pp-reddy-family/?sh=9e727ee5f661|magazine=Forbes}}</ref>

P.P. Reddy founded Megha Engineering Enterprises in 1989 with his two staff in [[Balanagar, Medchal district]], [[Hyderabad]] to construct tiny pipes for municipalities.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Splendid Life of P.P. Reddy Founder and Executive Chairman, Megha Engineering & Infrastructures Ltd|url=https://www.youandi.com/the-splendid-life-of-p-p-reddy-founder-and-executive-chairman-megha-engineering-infrastructures-ltd/|website=You and I|date=25 September 2022|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

In 2006, he changed the company's name from "Megha Engineering Enterprises" to "Megha Engineering and Infrastructure Limited (MEIL)".<ref name="Forbes"/>

2019 saw the start of the construction of Telangana's largest lift irrigation project by value, which Reddy and his business MEIL are building.<ref name="F"/>

Reddy oversees the company's operations in renewable energy, irrigation, power, and water supply under MEIL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Samdani|first=MN|title=A gift to home town: MEIL promotors launch drinking water scheme in Andhra's Krishna|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/a-gift-to-home-town-meil-promotors-launch-drinking-water-scheme-in-andhras-krishna/articleshow/62509242.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 January 2018|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> He acquired assets to enter the defense industry and launch ventures abroad in Bangladesh, Jordan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Kuwait.<ref name="F">{{cite magazine|title=India's Richest 2019: PP Reddy's Ambitious Plan To Move A River|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2019/india039s-richest-2019-pp-reddy039s-ambitious-plan-to-move-a-river/55963/1|last=Bahree|first=Megha|magazine=[[Forbes India]]|date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

==Philanthrophic Work==
Reddy adopted his birthplace of Dokiparru in the Gudlavalleru Mandal, where he established the first free, solar-powered program for clean drinking water in the nation. The project's construction cost Rs 4 crore. Additionally, he pledged to build a hospital and school for the neighborhood. In addition to Dokiparru, Reddy has welcomed many more villages.<ref>{{cite news|title=MEIL Chief Vows to Turn Dokiparru into Model Village|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2015/jan/15/meil-chief-vows-to-turn-dokiparru-into-model-village-705320.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 January 2015|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

Reddy had previously settled at Jamulapalle, a village in the East Godavari district's Pithapuram mandal. Even a mineral water factory was built to offer the inhabitants access to clean drinking water.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reddy|first=Srikanth|title=Safe drinking water to Jamulapally|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Latest-News/2019-01-06/Safe-drinking-water-to-Jamulapally/470296|website=Thehansindia.com|date=6 January 2019|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> As part of the [[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swachh Bharat campaign]], he took up cleaning and hygienic duties in numerous communities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Swati|title=The city's billionaire club|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/280519/the-citys-billionaire-club.html|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=27 May 2019|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> He also built a wedding ceremony hall in Jamulapalli.

Additionally, Reddy built the Oncology Center at the NIMS Hospital in Hyderabad, equipped it with contemporary amenities, and offered free meals at the Osmania, Niloufer, and MNJ cancer hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Telangana Health Minister inaugurates reconstructed oncology centre at Hyderabad's Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Telangana-Health-Minister-inaugurates-reconstructed-oncology-centre-at-Hyderabad-s-Nizam-Institute-of-Medical-Sciences-/09-01-2021-363638/|work=Business World|date=1 September 2021|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=K T Rama Rao inaugurates 50-bed medical oncology unit at NIMS|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/sep/15/k-t-rama-rao-inaugurates-50-bed-medical-oncology-unit-at-nims-1872161.html|work=The New Indian Express|date=15 September 2018|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=సిద్దిపేటలో 'సద్దిమూట': రూ. 5కే భోజనం|url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/telangana/harsih-rao-launches-saddimuta-scheme-siddipet-144947.html|website=One India|lang=te|date=14 October 2014|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Reddy is married to Rama Reddy, and the couple has two daughters, Manjali and Megha. Rama Reddy Pamireddy is one of the directors of MEIL.<ref>{{cite web|title=All DG-GIs have power to search firms nationwide|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200719/all-dg-gis-have-power-to-search-firms-nationwide.html|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=20 July 2019|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MEIL Inaugurates Safe Drinking Water Scheme In Jamulapally|url=https://www.klapboardpost.com/meil-inaugurates-safe-drinking-water-scheme-in-jamulapally/|website=klapboardpost|date=6 January 2019|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Pamireddy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Indian chairpersons of corporations]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
{{portal|India}}

Devi (1960 film)

2026-03-07T06:41:36Z

BP Writer: slightly expanded information after review and updated info to improve readability

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Devi
| image = Devi (1960).jpg
| caption = Film Poster with Bengali Title
| director = [[Satyajit Ray]]
| producer = Satyajit Ray
| writer = [[Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sharmila Tagore]] [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] [[Chhabi Biswas]]
| music = [[Ali Akbar Khan]]
| cinematography = [[Subrata Mitra]]
| editing = [[Dulal Dutta]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1960|2|19|df=yes}}
| runtime = 93 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Bengali
}}

'''''Devi''''' ({{Translation|Goddess}}) is a 1960 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali-language]] drama by director [[Satyajit Ray]], starring [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], and [[Chhabi Biswas]]. It is based on a short story by [[Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay]]. The plot follows a [[zamindar]] (Biswas) who believes that his daughter-in-law (Tagore) has revealed herself to be a Goddess incarnate in a dream.

==Plot==
In rural [[Bengal]] in the 19th-century, the widowed [[zamindar]] Kalikinkar Roy, who is a devotee of the goddess [[Kali]], lives in a mansion with servants and plenty of space for himself, his sons Taraprasad and Umaprasad, Taraprasad's wife Harasundari and son Khoka, and Umaprasad's wife Doyamoyee. After a festival, Umaprasad returns to Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) to continue his schooling, which includes learning English, while Doyamoyee stays behind to help care for Khoka, with whom she has an almost-maternal bond, as well as Kalikinkar, who she helps with his daily prayers and rituals.

Kalikinkar has a dream in which the eyes of Kali and Doyamoyee merge, which he interprets as revealing that Doyamoyee is an incarnation of the goddess. He wakes her up and falls at her feet, and the passive Taraprasad follows suit, though Harasundari remains skeptical. The family priest is called and performs a ritual with smoke and bells. Doyamoyee faints, which Kalikinkar interprets as her going into a trance. When she wakes up, she asks Harasundari to write to Umaprasad.

Doyamoyee is moved to a more private part of the mansion and made to sit as an idol around which regular worship rituals are performed. A local beggar, having tried everything else he could think of, brings his unconscious grandson to her, and Kalikinkar suggests giving the boy some ''charanamrito'' (the water used to wash the goddess's feet) to drink. Umaprasad arrives during this process and, shocked by the whole scene, privately argues with his father. Kalikinkar questions his certainty briefly, but, when the sick boy opens his eyes, he feels it is proof of Doyamoyee's divinity.

That night, Umaprasad sneaks into Doyamoyee's room and asks her to leave with him. They make it to the riverbank, where there is a boat waiting, but Doyamoyee hesitates and becomes anxious. She has begun to wonder if maybe she is a goddess, and, afraid to leave, asks Umaprasad to take her home. Reluctantly, he complies and returns to Calcutta alone.

As word spreads about the "miracle" with the sick boy, Doyamoyee's following grows rapidly, and supplicants travel from afar to worship her. She sits stoically during the ceremonies, but her feelings of isolation grow. Even Khoka begins to avoid her.

One day, Khoka develops a high fever. Harasundari calls a doctor, and, though he is uncomfortable being there without Kalikinkar's knowledge, he agrees to return with some medicine. However, Taraprasad enters as the doctor is leaving, and he tells Kalikinkar what is going on. Kalikinkar brings Khoka to Doyamoyee and asks her to heal the boy, and, although Harasundari and Doyamoyee both have serious doubts that it is a good idea, they agree to go along with the plan to give Khoka some ''charanamrito'' and let Doyamoyee hold him that night. Khoka is dead in the morning.

Umaprasad returns home and finds Kalikinkar alone, weeping at the foot of a statue of Kali. He accuses his father of killing Khoka through his blind faith, and then says he intends to save his wife from the crushing burden of divinity, but he seems to be too late—he finds Doyamoyee getting dressed in her wedding attire, wide-eyed and saying they must leave before she is killed. She runs off into the mist, while Umaprasad calls after her.

==Cast==
{{Castlist|
* [[Sharmila Tagore]] as Doyamoyee, Umaprasad's wife and Kalikinkar's daughter-in-law
* [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Umaprasad Roy, Doyamoyee's husband and Kalikinkar's younger son
* [[Chhabi Biswas]] as Kalikinkar Roy
* [[Karuna Banerjee]] as Harasundari, Taraprasad's wife
* [[Purnendu Mukherjee]] as Taraprasad Roy, Kalikinkar's elder son
* Arpan Chowdhury as Khoka, Taraprasad and Harasundari's son
* [[Anil Chatterjee]] as Bhudeb, Umaprasad's friend in Calcutta
* [[Mohammed Israil]] as Nibaran, a beggar who cares for his grandson
* Kali Sarkar as Professor Sarkar, who gives Umaprasad advice
* Khagesh Chakravarti as Kaviraj
* Santa Devi as Sarala
* Nagendranath Kabyabyakarantirtha as a priest
}}

==Preservation==
The [[Academy Film Archive]] preserved ''Devi'' in 1996..<ref>{{cite web|title=Preserved Projects|url=http://www.oscars.org/academy-film-archive/preserved-projects?title=&filmmaker=satyajit+ray&category=All&collection=All|website=Academy Film Archive|access-date=11 August 2016|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815062125/http://www.oscars.org/academy-film-archive/preserved-projects?title=&filmmaker=Satyajit+Ray&category=All&collection=All|url-status=live}}</ref> A 4K restoration was released by The Criterion Collection on October 26, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devi |url=https://www.criterion.com/films/27906-devi |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The Criterion Collection |language=en}}</ref>

==Critical reception and legacy==
The film received critical acclaim upon its release.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1D6103EE43BBC4053DFB6678389679EDE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233154/https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1D6103EE43BBC4053DFB6678389679EDE |archive-date=2017-10-11 |date=8 October 1962 |work=The New York Times print archive |title=Screen: Satyajit Ray's 'Devi' Arrives:Indian Film Deals With a Religious Conflict: Creator of 'Apu' Plays Old Against New |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website Rotten Tomatoes, 100% of 17 critics' reviews of the film are positive, with an average rating of 7.7/10.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/devi |title=Devi (The Goddess) |date=11 July 2007 |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210222344/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/devi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Directors [[William Wyler]] and [[Elia Kazan]] described the film as "poetry on celluloid",<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Ranjan Das |date=30 April 2011 |title=Ray at Cannes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Ray-at-Cannes/article14906744.ece |work=The Hindu Times |access-date=25 May 2019 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925040900/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Ray-at-Cannes/article14906744.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiewire.com/2014/08/why-the-best-american-filmmakers-owe-a-debt-to-satyajit-ray-23072/ |title=Why the Best American Filmmakers Owe a Debt to Satyajit Ray |date=18 August 2014 |last=Roisin |first=Fariha |access-date=25 May 2019 |website=IndieWire |archive-date=15 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415120212/http://www.indiewire.com/2014/08/why-the-best-american-filmmakers-owe-a-debt-to-satyajit-ray-23072/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and director [[Francis Ford Coppola]] considers ''Devi'' to be Ray's best work, calling it "a cinematic milestone".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Ranjan Das |title=Back behind the camera |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Back-behind-the-camera/article15718304.ece |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=27 November 2010 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521051537/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Back-behind-the-camera/article15718304.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was adapted into the opera ''The Goddess'' by [[Allen Shearer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://composersforum.org/members/allenshearer/|title=Allen Shearer|website=American Composers Forum|access-date=7 December 2021|archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195350/https://composersforum.org/members/allenshearer/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[8th National Film Awards|1960]]: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Bengali]] – Won<ref name="8thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|title=8th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012062918/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;[[Cannes Film Festival]]
* [[1962 Cannes Film Festival|1962]]: [[Palme d'Or]] (Golden Palm) – Nominated<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3180/year/1962.html|title=Festival de Cannes: Devi|access-date=22 February 2009|work=festival-cannes.com|archive-date=23 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823063102/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3180/year/1962.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other credits==
* Art direction: [[Bansi Chandragupta]]
* Sound designer: Durgadas Mitra

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0053765|title=Devi}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616223004/http://www.satyajitray.org/films/devi.htm satyajitray.org]

{{Satyajit Ray}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Bengali}}

[[Category:1960 films]]
[[Category:1960 drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films about Hinduism]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films set in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Films directed by Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:Best Bengali Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1960 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films adapted into operas]]

Policekaran Magal

2026-03-04T05:15:05Z

BP Writer: New...

{{short description|1962 film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Policekaran Magal
| image = Policekaran Magal.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| screenplay = C. V. Sridhar
| based_on = {{based on|''Policekaran Magal''|[[B. S. Ramiah]]}}
| producer = P. V. Sathyam V. Nanjundan
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[K. Balaji|Balaji]]|[[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]]|[[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]]|[[Santha Kumari]]|[[Pushpalatha]]}}
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = Chitrakala Productions
| released = {{film date|1962|9|7|df=y}}
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policekaran Magal |url=http://www.citwf.com/film274279.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180510060230/http://www.citwf.com/film274279.htm |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2018 |website=[[Complete Index to World Film]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Policekaran Magal''''' ({{translation|The Policeman's Daughter}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. Based on [[B. S. Ramiah]]'s play of the same name, it stars [[K. Balaji|Balaji]], [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]], [[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]], [[Santha Kumari]] and [[Pushpalatha]]. The film was released on 7 September 1962 and was a success. It was later remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Constable Koothuru]]'' (1963) and in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Vyaamoham]]'' (1978).

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=December 2022}}
Kumarasami, an honest police constable, has a son Chinnaiah and a daughter Janaki. Prabhu, son of a rich affluent person is a friend of Chinnaiah who often visit his house. Prabhu falls in love with Janaki to which she equally reciprocates. She meets Prabhu secretly without the knowledge of both her father and brother.Prabhu meets his love in a temple and promises to marry her. One day, Prabhu and his friends gamble and are caught by the police.

Meanwhile, Prabhu's father plans to marry his son to one of his relatives. Prabhu initially discards this proposal but accepts after coming to know that he will be deprived of his father's wealth if he does not marry the girl arranged by his father. Janaki is shocked to hear this and finally tells her relationship with Prabhu to her parents. When Chinnaiah visits Prabhu's house to seek justice, Prabhu reiterates that Janaki is completely unknown to him. Janaki health begins to deteriorate and despite Prabhu's selfish motive, she prays for his good health.

Police arrest Prabhu for the gambling at his house and Janaki testifies as an alibi. A now regretful Prabhu comes to marry Janaki, but is too late. Janaki's health completely deteriorates and she eventually dies.

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
* [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] as Prabhu
* [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] as Chinnaiah
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam|Sahasranamam]] as Constable Kumarasami
* [[Nagesh]] as Servant
* [[T. S. Muthaiah|Muthaiah]] as Rajagopal
* Ramanathan
* [[V. S. Raghavan|Raghavan]] as Mallika's father
* [[Karikol Raju|Karikol Raj]] as Janaki's uncle
* K. Nataraj as Advocate
* [[A. Veerappan|Veerappan]] as Somu
* [[J. P. Chandrababu|Chandrababu]] as Maari<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2017 |title=சந்திரபாபு (16) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/chandrababu-16/40080 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105343/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=40080&ncat=2&Print=1 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Film News Anandan]] as police photographer (uncredited)<ref name="MadrasMusings" />
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
* [[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]] as Janaki
* [[Santha Kumari]] as Amrtham
* [[Pushpalatha]] as Mallika
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Maari's Fiancée
* [[G. Sakunthala|Sakunthala]] as Malathi
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
''Policekaran Magal'' was based on the stage play of the same name written by [[B. S. Ramiah]]. [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] and [[R. Muthuraman]] who were part of the play reprised their roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Karthik |date=25 April 2015 |title=Policekaran Magal: From stage to celluloid |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2015/04/25/policekaran-magal-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127203153/https://tcrcindia.com/2015/04/25/policekaran-magal-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] played the titular daughter of Sahasranamam's character, a policeman, while [[K. Balaji]] played a youth who cheats the policeman's daughter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2017 |title=விஜயகுமாரிக்கு பானுமதி வாழ்த்து: ''சாரதா'' படத்தை பார்த்துவிட்டு பரிசு வழங்கினார் |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/23231658/1098147/cinima-history-vijayakumari.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180510061212/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/23231658/1098147/cinima-history-vijayakumari.vpf |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2018 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The dialogues were written by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 – போலிஸ்காரன்மகள் (நாடகம்) சித்ரகலா (த-தெ) |trans-title=1962 – Policekaran Magal (play) Chitrakala (ta-te) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails21.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170829075410/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails21.asp |archive-date=29 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] (a duo consisting of [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]) while the lyrics written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policekaran Magal- Sumaithangi Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by MS Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/policekaran-magal-sumaithangi-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ms-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914092921/https://mossymart.com/product/policekaran-magal-sumaithangi-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ms-viswanathan/ |archive-date=14 September 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Policekaran Magal |url=http://www.saregama.com/album/policekaran-magal_15251 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020810/http://www.saregama.com/album/policekaran-magal_15251 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=16 November 2015 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref> The song "Ponn Enbean Siru" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Darbari Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=8 June 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey — Dynamic Durbarikaanada |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-dynamic-durbarikaanada/article3504841.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009044839/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-dynamic-durbarikaanada/article3504841.ece |archive-date=9 October 2015 |access-date=28 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |pages=153 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref> The song "Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam" attained popularity and is the title of a film released in 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2016 |title=Soundarya Rajinikanth joins hands with Kabali producer, announces second film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/soundarya-rajinikanth-joins-hands-with-kabali-producer-announces-second-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811182126/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/soundarya-rajinikanth-joins-hands-with-kabali-producer-announces-second-film/ |archive-date=11 August 2017 |access-date=12 February 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:59
| title1 = Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam
| extra1 = P. B. Sreenivas
| length1 = 03:36
| title2 = Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum
| extra2 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 = 03:32
| title3 = Pon Enbaen Siru
| extra3 = P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
| length3 = 03:31
| title4 = Aandrondru Ponaal
| extra4 = P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
| length4 = 03:21
| title5 = Poranthaalum Aambalayaa
| extra5 = [[J. P. Chandrababu]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length5 = 03:08
| title6 = Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum
| note6 = [[Pathos]]
| extra6 = P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
| length6 = 03:00
| title7 = Kannile Neer
| extra7 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], S. Janaki
| length7 = 03:31
| title8 = Poo Sumanthu Pogiral
| extra8 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| length8 = 03:08
}}

== Release ==
''Policekaran Magal'' was released on 7 September 1962,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policekaran Magal (1962) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/policekaran-magal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914092937/https://screen4screen.com/movies/policekaran-magal |archive-date=14 September 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> and emerged a commercial success.<ref name="MadrasMusings" />

== Remakes ==
''Policekaran Magal'' was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Constable Koothuru]]'' (1963),<ref name="MadrasMusings" /> and in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Vyaamoham]]'' (1978).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=18 October 2012 |title=Where was the thrill? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/where-was-the-thrill/article4009104.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510061740/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/where-was-the-thrill/article4009104.ece |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=16 November 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="MadrasMusings">{{Cite news |last=Srinivas Chari |first=T. K. |date=16–30 June 2011 |title=The film photographer |url=http://vijeejournalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/latest-issue.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310061231/http://vijeejournalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/latest-issue.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2015 |access-date=26 December 2016 |work=[[Madras Musings]]}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1962 drama films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Doubles (2011 film)

2026-03-03T20:50:07Z

BP Writer: minor edit

{{short description|2011 Pan Indian film by Sohan Seenulal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Doubles
| image = Doubles 2011.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sohan Seenulal]]
| producer = K. K. Narayanadas
| writer = [[Sachi-Sethu]]
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Nadia Moidu]] [[Taapsee Pannu|Taapsee]]
| music = [[James Vasanthan]]
| cinematography = P. Sukumar
| editing = V. Sajan
| studio = Reels on Wheels
| distributor = Plaza Group of Release
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|4|14}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Doubles''''' is a 2011 [[Malayalam-language]] [[Action comedy film|action comedy]] [[drama film]] directed by debutant Sohan Seenulal and written by the Sachi-Sethu duo. It stars [[Mammootty]], [[Nadhiya|Nadhiya Moidu]] and [[Taapsee Pannu|Taapsee]], with [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Anoop Chandran]], [[Bijukuttan]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Anandaraj]], [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] in other roles. It also features [[Roma (actress)|Roma]] and [[Rima Kallingal]] in cameo roles, and music by [[James Vasanthan]]. The film marks the comeback of Nadhiya and the debuts of [[Taapsee Pannu]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] in [[Malayalam cinema]]. The film released coinciding with the festival of [[Vishu]] on 14 April 2011. ''Doubles'' is a story of two siblings who rescue victims of road accidents.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mammootty]] as Giri
** Tejus Ameer as Young Giri
* [[Nadia Moidu]] as Gowri
** Raihana Mariyam as Young Gowri
* [[Taapsee Pannu]] as Saira Banu
* [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Mishal Pierre
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Sameer
* [[Anoop Chandran]] as Susheelan
* [[Bijukuttan]] as Joji
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Adv. Lawrence
* [[Salim Kumar]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] P.P Joseph (Mayyazhi)
* [[Anandaraj]] as Patan
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Louie
* [[Y. G. Mahendra]] as Pierre Sayippu
* [[Narayanan Kutty]] as Mukundan
* [[Geetha Vijayan]] as Giri's and Gowri's mother
* Anita Alex as Gowri's daughter
* [[Joju George]] as a doctor
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]]
* [[Jaya Menon]]
* [[Kiran Rathod]] (cameo)
* [[Roma (actress)|Roma]] (cameo)
* [[Rima Kallingal]] (cameo)
* [[Sonu (actress)|Sruthi Ramakrishnan]] as Dr. Beena (cameo)
{{colend}}

==Production==
''Doubles'' is the directorial debut of Sohan Seenulal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/others/seenulal%E2%80%99s-multi-starrer-debut-doubles-058|title=Seenulal's multi-starrer debut with ''Doubles''|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=31 March 2011|access-date=22 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403081818/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/others/seenulal%E2%80%99s-multi-starrer-debut-doubles-058|archive-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> Seenulal had previously worked as an assistant director for many films including three starring Mammootty. It was during the filming of ''[[Mayavi (2007 film)|Mayavi]]'' (2007) that Seenulal approached Mammootty with the intention of making a film with him in the lead.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041511110100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109045230/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041511110100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2012|title=Dual treat for Vishu |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 April 2011|access-date=15 April 2011}}</ref> Nadia Moidu, who was one of the most adored actresses of Malayalam cinema of all time, makes her comeback in Malayalam with this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/doubles-nadiya-moidu-mammootty-190809.html|title=Nadiya Moidu with Mammootty in ''Doubles''|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|date=9 August 2009|access-date=5 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709024355/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/doubles-nadiya-moidu-mammootty-190809.html|archive-date=9 July 2012}}</ref> Mammootty and Nadia had earlier worked in ''[[Shyama (film)|Shyama]]'' (1986) and ''[[Poovinu Puthiya Poonthennal]]'' (1986). Both the actors were working together again after nearly quarter of a century. Originally planned to begin on 15 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/mammoottys-doubles-to-start-shooting-this-november_100430783.html|title=Mammootty's ''Doubles'' To Start Shooting This November|date=18 September 2010|publisher=Thaindian.com|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215326/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/mammoottys-doubles-to-start-shooting-this-november_100430783.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Music==
The soundtrack was composed by [[James Vasanthan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/listsongs.php?m=4292|title = List of Malayalam Songs from the movie Doubles}}</ref>
*"Aaru Nee Arike" – [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
*"Kiliyamma Koodu Koottum" – [[Deepa Miriam]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
*"Chaattamazhayo" – [[Sangeetha Sajith]]
*"Vedaanthame Doore" – [[Benny Dayal]]

==Release==

=== Theatrical ===
The film released coinciding with the festival of [[Vishu]] on 14 April 2011.

== Reception ==

===Critical reception===
Paresh C. Pallicha of [[Rediff.com]] rated the movie two in a scale of five and stated, "On the whole, ''Doubles'' has fallen to the level of a never-ending tacky television serial."<ref>Paresh C. Pallicha. (15 April 2011). [http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-doubles/20110415.htm "Review: ''Doubles'' is like a tacky TV serial"]. [[Rediff.com]]. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</ref> Keerthi Ramachandran of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' stated, "''Doubles'' was more like a plot done in impromptu. With a very thin storyline of two siblings running an accident rescue service in Puducherry after their parents bled to death in a road accident, goes on to have a totally unrelated story behind." She also criticized the technical aspects of the film.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/others/review-doubles-malayalam-857 "Review: ''Doubles'' (Malayalam)"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010225558/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/others/review-doubles-malayalam-857 |date=10 October 2012}}. ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. Retrieved 22 April 2011.</ref> Veeyen of Nowrunning.com rated the film 1.5 in a scale of five and said, "''Doubles'' offers a desultory tour through streets that you have been through several times before. It's a dreary drama that has been dipped in the mundane. So, the disappointments are double, the predictability double and the corniness even more than double."<ref>Veeyen. (15 April 2011). [http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7507/malayalam/doubles/3044/review.htm "''Doubles'' Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417015550/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7507/malayalam/doubles/3044/review.htm |date=17 April 2011 }}. Nowrunning.com. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</ref> The reviewer of [[Sify]].com stated, "This one has been a disappointment, nothing less."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130312192903/http://www.sify.com/movies/reviews/category/malayalam/ "Movie Review: ''Doubles''"]. [[Sify]].com. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref>

===Box office===
The film was commercial failure in Kerala box office but its Tamil version ''Puduvai Managaram'' was commercial success in Tamil Nadu box office and it ran over 50 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web|last=June 26|title=Mammootty's charity behind the success of 'Doubles'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-charity-behind-the-success-of-doubles/articleshow/17336130.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|date=10 January 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1869385|Doubles}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=8499857&programId=1073752207&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3|title=ഗിരിയും ഗൗരിയും ഡബിൾസ്|language=Malayalam|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=22 December 2010}}

{{Sachy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doubles}}
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
[[Category:2011 drama films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]

Ranam Aram Thavarel

2026-03-03T02:25:11Z

BP Writer: Stub

{{Short description|2024 Indian Tamil mystery thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ranam Aram Thavarel
| image = Ranam Aram Thavarel.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sherief
| writer = Sherief
| producer = Madhu Nagarajan
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vaibhav Reddy]]
* [[Nandita Swetha]]
* [[Tanya Hope]]
}}
| cinematography = Balaji K Raja
| editing = Muniez
| music = [[Arrol Corelli]]
| studio = Mithun Mithra Productions
| distributor = Shakthi Film Factory
| released = {{film date|2024|2|23|df=yes}}<ref name=toi/>
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Ranam Aram Thavarel''''' ({{Translation|Blood from the failure to do good}}),<ref name="C"/> also referred to as '''''Ranam''''', is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Sherief in his directoral debut . The film stars [[Vaibhav Reddy]], [[Nandita Swetha]] and [[Tanya Hope]] in the lead roles and marks Vaibhav's 25th film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-16 |title=Vaibhav's 'Ranam Aram Thavarel' trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vaibhavs-ranam-aram-thavarel-trailer/articleshow/107758172.cms |access-date=2024-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217154542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vaibhavs-ranam-aram-thavarel-trailer/articleshow/107758172.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was produced by Madhu Nagarajan under the banner of Mithun Mithra Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vaibhav to play a facial reconfiguration artist in Ranam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/16/vaibhav-to-play-a-facial-reconfiguration-artist-in-ranam-42400.html |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607150503/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/16/vaibhav-to-play-a-facial-reconfiguration-artist-in-ranam-42400.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released on 23 February 2024 to positive reviews from critics.

== Plot ==

The movie begins at some place in [[Andhra Pradesh]], where a man is sketching a face of a deceased, whose face could not be recognized by police and from there the story goes back a few months. It begins with news stating that an unidentified female corpse severely decomposed is found in Madhavaram lake and the police are not able to recognize the face of the deceased. Then the police officer in charge of the case, Rajendran calls Shiva to draw the face, where Shiva is introduced as a facial reconstruction artist and helps the officer to write the crime story written for hard-to-crack cases. Later in a bar while Shiva is drinking with his friend, it is revealed that Shiva has forgotten the memories about his wife Kavya when they met with an accident together. Kavya has died in the accident. And Shiva is trying to recall her memory by repeatedly hearing their love story from his friends, sleeping in the car in which they went through the accident and drawing her face in his house. Then in the bar Shiva is drawn into a fight with some people who were involved in the previous case that Shiva has written a crime story for. As Shiva's friend Madhan go to the police station to argue about their protection, a police officer named Bhaskar finds a box out of the police station in which two burnt legs of a human and a half burnt face mask is found. Later Rajendran seeks the help of Shiva to solve the case, and also it was found that in two other areas, similar boxes one with two burnt hands and one with a body are found. After investigation, Rajendran calls Shiva and says not to involve in this case anymore. But after two days it is revealed that Rajendran has gone missing two days back and an inspector Indhuja was assigned in place of Rajendran to investigate the case. The rest of the story is about the murders and Shiva solving it with a coincidental twist at the climax.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vaibhav Reddy]] as Shiva
* [[Nandita Swetha]] as Kalki
* [[Tanya Hope]] as Special [[Inspector]] Indhuja Krishnan
* Saras Menon as Kavya
* [[:ta:சுரேஷ் சக்கரவர்த்தி|Suresh Chakravarthy]] as [[Constable]] Baskar
* [[Praniti]] as J. Aadini
* Pathaman as Inspector M. Rajendran
* Jeeva as Saritha
* [[Lollu Sabha Seshu]] as Security guard
* [[Sunil Reddy]] as Drunkard
* [[Venkat Prabhu]] as a director (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
The film was the 25th film of [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]].<ref name="C">{{Cite web |title=Vaibhav's next titled Ranam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/16/vaibhavs-next-titled-ranam-42393.html |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607151712/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/16/vaibhavs-next-titled-ranam-42393.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Ranam Aram Thavarel' Trailer Review: Vaibhav Plays A Facial Reconstruction Artist |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ranam-aram-thavarel-trailer-review-vaibhav-plays-a-facial-reconstruction-artist-in-this-crime-thriller |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220232751/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ranam-aram-thavarel-trailer-review-vaibhav-plays-a-facial-reconstruction-artist-in-this-crime-thriller/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Arrol Corelli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ranam-aram-thavarel-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1732003228|title=Ranam Aram Thavarel (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|date=2024|work=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=16 May 2024|archive-date=11 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311054809/https://music.apple.com/us/album/ranam-aram-thavarel-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1732003228|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Achu Penne
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 3:54
| title2 = Rowdy Gana
| extra2 = Mathichiyam Bala
| length2 = 2:57
| title3 = Ponnana Kannu
| extra3 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| length3 = 3:57
| title4 = Polladha Kuruvi
| extra4 = Raghotham, Sherief
| length4 = 1:35
| title5 = Amma Amma
| extra5 = [[Praniti]]
| length5 = 3:56
| total_length = 16:19
}}

== Reception ==
Roopa Radhakrishnan of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and noted that "Ranam Aram Thavarel is a decent addition to the investigative thriller genre in Tamil cinema".<ref name=toi>{{Cite news|title=Ranam Aram Thavarel Movie Review : This investigative thriller manages to skillfully rise past its evident flaws|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ranam-aram-thavarel/movie-review/107932220.cms|access-date=2024-02-23|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511081513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ranam-aram-thavarel/movie-review/107932220.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Raghav Kumar of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the film and rated 3/5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராகவ்குமார் |date=2024-02-23 |title='ரணம் அறம் தவறேல்' திரைவிமர்சனம்! |url=https://kalkionline.com/entertainment/cinema/ranam-aram-thavarel-movie-review-in-tamil |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Kalki Online |language=ta}}</ref>

Jayabhuvaneshwari B of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that " At the heart of Ranam is a psychological disorder, which the filmmaker argues is more of a fetish or a habit".<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-02-26 |title='Ranam-Aram Thavarel' film review: Vaibhav shines in this effective murder mystery |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Feb/26/ranam-aram-thavarel-film-review-vaibhav-shines-in-this-effective-murder-mystery |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226184952/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Feb/26/ranam-aram-thavarel-film-review-vaibhav-shines-in-this-effective-murder-mystery |url-status=live }}</ref>

Manigandan KR of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and stated that "The social message that Sherief looks to pass on through this film is a very valid one".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=Ranam Aram Thavarel Movie Review: Vaibhav, Nandita Shine In This Investigative Thriller That Is Let Down By Lapses In Logic |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/ranam-aram-thavarel-movie-review-vaibhav-nandita-shine-in-this-investigative-thriller-that-is-let-down-by-lapses-in-logic-review-107916266 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> Petchi Avudaiappan of ''[[ABP Nadu]]'' gave the film the same rating and noted that "It would have been great if the visuals in the area had added credibility."<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆவுடையப்பன் |first=பேச்சி |date=2024-02-22 |title=விறுவிறுப்பான க்ரைம் த்ரில்லர் கதை - வைபவின் ரணம் அறம் தவறேல் விமர்சனம் இதோ! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-ranam-aram-thavarel-tamil-movie-review-vaibhav-nandita-swetha-tanya-hope-starring-ranam-aram-thavarel-review-rating-168908 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta |archive-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222093107/https://tamil.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-ranam-aram-thavarel-tamil-movie-review-vaibhav-nandita-swetha-tanya-hope-starring-ranam-aram-thavarel-review-rating-168908 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt27530559}}

[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arrol Corelli]]
[[Category:2020s mystery thriller films]]

Flight (2021 film)

2026-03-02T04:54:30Z

BP Writer: small changes

{{short description|2021 Indian film directed by Suraj Joshi}}
{{For|the 2012 film starring Denzel Washington|Flight (2012 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Flight
| image = Flight 2021 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Suraj Joshi
| producer = K. Chadda Babita Ashiwal [[Rohit Chadda]]
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Mohit Chadda]]
*[[Pavan Malhotra]]
*[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
*Shibani Bedi}}
| music = Smriti Minocha
| cinematography = Deepak Pandey
| editing = Rahul Mathur
| studio = Crazy Boyz Entertainment Production
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[UFO Moviez]] [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|04|02}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}

'''''Flight''''' is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language [[aviation]] [[thriller film]] directed by Suraj Joshi and produced by Crazy Boyz Entertainment Production.<ref name=":1" /> The film stars [[Mohit Chadda]], [[Pavan Malhotra]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], Shibani Bedi and others.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Flight Movie Review: Board at your own risk!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/flight/movie-review/81842257.cms|access-date=1 January 2022|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Pallabi Dey|last=Purkayastha|date=1 April 2021}}</ref>

It released on 2 April 2021, in theatres in India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Mohit Chadda-starrer 'Flight' gets new release date|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/mohit-chadda-starrer-flight-gets-new-release-date20210316191622/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=ANI News}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The film follows the journey of Ranveer Malhotra who against all odds has to face deadly obstacles on a plane to survive.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} After a plane manufactured by Ranveer's company crashes leading to the death of many passengers, he decides to investigate the case. Against the wishes of the other shareholders of the company, he tries to uncover the truth but his plane gets hijacked.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Vineeta|title=Flight Movie Review: Mohit Chadda Shines in This Exciting Thriller; Get on Board Now!|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/flight-movie-review-mohit-chadda-shines-in-this-exciting-thriller-get-on-board-now-4552561/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=www.india.com|date=2 April 2021 }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Mohit Chadda]] as Ranveer Malhotra<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2021|title=Actor Mohit Chadda reveals how 'Flight' turned from idea into film|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/actor-mohit-chadda-reveals-how-flight-turned-from-idea-into-film-2351891.html|access-date=25 September 2021|website=Zee News}}</ref>
* [[Pavan Malhotra]] as Balraj Sahni
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Raman Khanna
* [[Shibani Bedi]] as Rukhsana<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Shibani Bedi, actor who is all set to star in upcoming film 'Flight'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-shibani-bedi-actor-who-is-all-set-to-star-in-upcoming-film-flight-2877223|access-date=25 September 2021|website=DNA India}}</ref>
* [[Ishita Sharma]] as Ishita
* [[Pritam Singh (actor)|Pritam Singh]] as Capt. Sanjay Sanyal

== Release and reception ==
The film was earlier slated for release on 19 March 2021, but the makers postponed the release to 2 April after [[Akshay Kumar]]-starrer ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' cancelled its release due to resurgence in cases of COVID-19 in India.<ref name=":2" />

The movie received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/flight-review/20210402.htm|title=Flight review|first=PRATEEK|last=SUR|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/flight/movie-review/81842257.cms|title=Flight Movie Review : Board at your own risk!|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/flight-movie-review-mohit-chadda-s-survival-thriller-can-be-boarded-just-once-and-your-own-risk-680752|title=Flight Movie Review: Mohit Chadda’s survival thriller can be boarded just once|date=2 April 2021|website=PINKVILLA}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|14071150}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
{{2020s-Hindi-film-stub}}

North Lakhimpur University

2026-02-25T09:22:32Z

BP Writer: Stub

{{Short description|University in Assam, India}}
{{About|the State University|the former College|North Lakhimpur College||}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = North Lakhimpur University
| image_name =
| image_size = 200px
| image_alt =
| caption = Logo of North Lakhimpur College
| latin_name =
| motto = आऩो भद्रा: क्रतवो यन्तु बिश्वत:
| mottoeng = Let noble thoughts come from all directions ...
| established = {{start date and age|2023|12|1}}
| closed =
| type = Public
| accreditation = {{hlist|NAAC|UGC}}
| affliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Assam]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = Mukul Ch. Bora
| rector =
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff = 100
| administrative_staff = 120
| students = 4200
| undergrad = 3000
| postgrad = 500
| doctoral =
| other = 700
| city = [[North Lakhimpur, Lakhimpur]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| province =
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|27.2307|94.0894|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| campus = Urban
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours = {{Color box|#040720}}{{Color box|White}} Blackish blue & white
| athletics =
| sports =
| other_name = NLU
| mascot =
| academic_affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.nlu.ac.in/}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''North Lakhimpur University''' is a public state university situated in the [[Lakhimpur District]] of [[Assam]]. Formerly it was the first autonomous college in the state of Assam. The college was upgraded to a state university on 1st Dec 2023 by the Government of Assam.<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Assam Cabinet Introduces New Bills for 6 New Universities in the State
|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-cabinet-introduces-new-bills-for-6-new-universities-in-the-state-666644|work=The Sentinel|date=2023-08-30|access-date=2025-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
|title=Two prominent Assam colleges to be upgraded to universities
|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/two-assam-colleges-to-be-upgraded-universities.html
|work=Northeast Now
|date=15 June 2023
|access-date=2025-08-06
}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Assam: North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous) upgraded to North Lakhimpur University
|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-north-lakhimpur-college-autonomous-upgraded-to-north-lakhimpur-university-666977
|work=The Sentinel
|date=14 September 2023
|access-date=2025-08-06
}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news
|title=7 Assam colleges to be upgraded to universities, says CM Himanta Biswa Sarma
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/7-assam-colleges-to-be-upgraded-to-universities-says-cm-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/101651944.cms
|work=The Times of India
|author=Kangkan Kalita / TNN
|date=11 July 2023
|access-date=2025-08-06
}}</ref>

==History==
North Lakhimpur University was established on 1 December 2023 through the North Lakhimpur University Act,<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Assam Cabinet Introduces New Bills for 6 New Universities in the State
|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-cabinet-introduces-new-bills-for-6-new-universities-in-the-state-666644|work=The Sentinel|date=2023-08-30|access-date=2025-08-06}}</ref> by upgrading the former [[North Lakhimpur College|North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous)]].

[[File:North Lakhimpur College.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Academic Building of North Lakhimpur College]]

==Organisation and administration ==
=== Governance ===

Dr. Mukul Ch. Borah has been appointed as the first Vice Chancellor of the newly established university, while Dr. Biman Chandra Chetia, who served as the last Principal of the college before its upgrade, now serves as the first Registrar of the university.
<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Assam Government Appointed Seven Vice Chancellors Across State |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-government-appointed-seven-vice-chancellors-across-state |work=The Sentinel |date=15 July 2025 |access-date=2025-08-06 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Assam: Minister Tables Bills to Appoint VCs for Eight New State Universities
|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/assam-minister-tables-bills-to-appoint-vcs-for-eight-new-state-universities
|work=The Sentinel
|date=22 March 2025
|access-date=2025-08-06
}}</ref>
The institution is currently undergoing a transition from a former [[North Lakhimpur College|autonomous college]] to a state university.

===Departments===
====Humanities====
* Assamese Department
* English Department
* Hindi Department
* Philosophy Department

====Social Science====
* Anthropology Department
* Economics Department
* Education Department
* History Department
* Home Science Department
* Political Science Department

====Natural Science====
* Botany Department
* Chemistry Department
* Electronics Department
* Geography Department
* Mathematics Department
* Physics Department
* Statistics Department
* Zoology Department

====Technology====
* Computer Science Department

====Physical Education====
* Physical Education Department

===Facilities===

* Central Instrumentation Center
* Central Library
* 24*7 Residential Library
* Indoor Stadium
* Central Computer Center
* Boys Hostels
* Girls Hostel
* Gymnasium
* Playground with modern Synthetic Track

==Academics==

The university offers undergraduate major (honours) programs, postgraduate courses, various diploma programs, and PhD research opportunities across a broad range of disciplines in both Arts and Science streams. It comprises 19 departments and serves approximately 3,500 undergraduate students, 500 postgraduate students, and around 100 research scholars.

===Courses===
The University offeres the following courses

====Undergraduate Degree Courses====
* Four Year Bachelor of Science (BSc)
* Four Year Bachelor of Arts (BA)
* Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA)
* Bachelor of Physical Education (BPES)
* Integrated Teachers Education Programme (Integrated BA/BSc-BEd)

====Post Graduate Degree Courses====
* Five Year Integrated Masters of Arts (Integrated MA)
* Five Year Integrated Masters of Science (Integrated MSc)
* Masters of Arts (MA)
* Masters of Science (MSc)

====Research Courses====
*PhD

====Other Courses====
* Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Application (PGDCA)
* Post Graduate Diploma in Disaster Management (PGDDM)
* Post Graduate Diploma in Tourism Management (PGDTM)
* UG Diploma Courses
* Certificate Courses

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nlc.ac.in/ North Lakhimpur College]

{{North Lakhimpur University}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Assam]]
[[Category:North Lakhimpur]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2023]]
[[Category:State universities in Assam]]

{{Assam-university-stub}}

Battle of Samalkha (1760)

2026-02-21T22:02:44Z

BP Writer: Creating post - done

{{Short description|Maratha-Durrani Empire War of 1760}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Samalkha
| partof = [[Afghan-Maratha War]]
| date = 26 October 1760
| place = [[Samalkha]], [[India]]
| result = Durrani victory
| combatant1 = [[File:Seal of Ahmad Shah Durrani.svg|18px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|Maratha Empire}}
| commander1 = [[File:Seal of Ahmad Shah Durrani.svg|18px]] [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Govind Pant Bundela]]
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = 5,000 Cavalry
| casualties1 = 1,000+ killed
| casualties2 = 2,000+ killed
}}
{{Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani}}
{{Campaigns of Ahmad Shah Durrani}}
{{Campaignbox Afghan-Maratha War}}
The '''Battle of Samalkha''' was a skirmish that took place between two rival forces in the [[Samalkha]] district of [[Haryana]]. It occurred in 1760 and involved the [[Afghan Army|Afghan]] army, led by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], and the [[Maratha]] army, led by [[Govind Pant Bundela]]. This battle was a part of the [[Third Battle of Panipat]], and resulted in severe destruction for the Maratha forces.

==Background==
The Maratha forces were unable to prevent Ahmad Shah Durrani from crossing the [[Yamuna River]]. Ahmad Shah successfully crossed the river and set up a defensive camp near [[Panipat]]. The [[Marathas]] had planned to block Ahmad Shah's access back to [[Afghanistan]]. They sent Govind Pant Bundela with five thousand cavalry to halt further Afghan advances.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJX-AyAGXwsC |title=Haryana Review |date=1980 |publisher=Haryana Public Relations Department |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref>

==Battle==
On the afternoon of October 26, [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah]]'s advance guard reached Samalkha, about halfway between [[Sonipat]] and [[Panipat]], where they encountered the vanguard of the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_gvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Third Battle of Panipat |date=1999 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=282 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pundit |first=Casi Raja |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6002 |title=An Account of the last Battle of Panipat and of the Events Leading to it |date=1926 |publisher=Oxford University Press, London |pages=21}}</ref> A fierce skirmish ensued, in which the [[Afghans]] lost 1,000 men but forced the Marathas back to their main body, resulting in the slaughter of over 2,000 Marathas, who continued to retreat slowly for several days.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihjfAAAAMAAJ |title=Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces |date=1982 |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJX-AyAGXwsC |title=Haryana Review |date=1980 |publisher=Haryana Public Relations Department |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Aftermath ==
[[Najib ad-Dawlah]] was dispatched by Ahmad Shah to prevent Maratha supplies flowing in from [[Delhi]], defeating the forces of Naro Shankar, the Maratha governor of Delhi. Sadashivrao in response sent Govind Pant Bundela to invade [[Rohilkhand|Rohilla territories]] and cut off Afghan supplies. Marching with 12,000 horsemen, the Maratha detachment advanced up to [[Meerut]] before being attacked by an Afghan contingent of 14,000 dispatched by Ahmad Shah on 17 December under Atai Khan.{{sfn|Sarkar|1971|p=312}} Bundela was killed and the Maratha force was routed, with large amounts of supplies being seized by the Afghans.{{sfn|Gupta|1978|p=183}}{{sfn|Singh|1959|p=253}} In later encounters, Bundela, together with 10,000 informally trained cavalry who were not officially enlisted as soldiers, was involved in a foraging mission with around 500 men.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA4fAAAAIAAJ |title=The Mughal Empire, 1526-1803 A.D. |date=1966 |publisher=S. L. Agarwala |pages=476–477 |language=en}}</ref> They were ambushed by an [[Afghans|Afghan]] force near [[Meerut]], resulting in a clash in which Pant Bundela was killed by Atai Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJojAQAAIAAJ&q=govind+pant+bundele+was+killed |title=The Cavalry Journal |date=1932 |pages=62 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYsMAQAAMAAJ |title=Haryana State Gazetteer |date=2001 |publisher=Haryana Gazetteers Organisation, Revenue Department |pages=229–230 |language=en}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n157/mode/2up |title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1707-1769) |publisher=Munshiram Motilal Publishers |year=1978 |isbn=978-8121502481 |edition=3rd |pages=85 |orig-date=1937}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Sir Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtU5AQAAIAAJ |title=1754-1771 (Panipat). 3d ed. 1966, 1971 printing |date=1971 |publisher=Orient Longman |language=en|pages=89–90}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ganda |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5426/page/n55/mode/2up |title=Ahmad Shah Durrani, father of modern Afghanistan |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1959 }}

[[Category:1760 in India]]

Anandipur Karkauli

2026-02-19T06:20:29Z

BP Writer: Creating a post

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anandipur Karkauli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Anandipur Karkauli.png
| map_caption = Map showing Anandipur Karkauli in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.07044|N|78.42975|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.920
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3508
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Anandipur Karkauli''' ({{IAST|Ānandīpur Karkaulī}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad and north of the [[Yamuna]], with part of the Firozabad Reserved Forest coming between the village and the river. As of 2011, Anandipur Karkauli had a population of 3,508, in 574 households.

== Geography ==
Anandipur Karkauli is located southeast of Firozabad and a bit north of the [[Yamuna]] river. To the north of the village is level farmland, while to the south are a series of steep ravines that channel [[surface runoff]] south to the Yamuna. Much of this area, which covers basically everything between Anandipur Karkauli and the Yamuna, is densely forested. [[Vachellia nilotica|Babul]] is the dominant tree species in this area. Most of it is part of the Firozabad Reserve Forest, which also includes various other patches of woodland in the district. The village of [[Pempur Anandipur]] is located to the southeast of Anandipur Karkauli, while the hamlet of Agrupura is located to the west; both are also on the northern edge of the forest. Farther northwest is the village of [[Basai Muhammadpur]].<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Anandipur Karkauli had a population of 3,508, in 574 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|126}} This population was 54.7% male (1,920) and 45.3% female (1,588). The 0–6 age group numbered 692 (372 male and 320 female), making up 19.7% of the total population. 221 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 6.3% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|116-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Anandipur Karkauli as having a population of 2,448 people (1,342 male and 1,106 female), in 416 households and 415 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|194-5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Anandipur Karkauli (as "Anandipur Karkoli") as comprising 5 hamlets, with a total population of 1,844 people (975 male and 869 female), in 312 households and 235 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 2,222 acres and it had a medical practitioner at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Anandipur Karkauli had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|126-31}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

List of educational institutions in Gorakhpur

2026-02-17T17:08:08Z

BP Writer: added references

{{short description|Educational institutions in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}

This is a '''list of educational institutions''' in [[Gorakhpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India

==Schools==

*[http://gnnps.in G. N. National Public School], Gorakhnath, Gorakhpur
*[https://www.zenithconventschoolgkp.com Zenith Convent Senior Secondary School], Nandanagar, Gorakhpur
*Air Force School, Gorakhpur
*St. Joseph's School, Gorakhnath, Gorakhpur
*St. Joseph's School, Khorabar, Gorakhpur
*[[Springer Public School]], Industrial Area, Bargadwa, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Springer Public School|url=http://springerpublicschool.org/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=springerpublicschool.org}}</ref>
*[[Central Academy Senior Secondary School]], Gorakhpur
*[[Central Hindu School]], Jharkhandi
*Hallmark World School, Medical College road, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ratna Memorial Public School(RAMPUS)|url=http://rampus.co.in/index.aspx|access-date=18 October 2021|website=rampus.co.in}}</ref>
*[[Mahatma Gandhi Inter College]], Bank Road, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahatma Gandhi Inter College|url=http://mgicgkp.edu.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=mgicgkp.edu.in}}</ref>
*[[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Jungle Agahi Pipiganj
*Jublee Inter College, Bakshipur, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jublee Inter College {{!}} District Gorakhpur {{!}} India|url=https://gorakhpur.nic.in/public-utility/jublee-inter-college/|access-date=12 October 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
*D. B. Inter College<ref>{{Cite web |title=Db Inter College {{!}} Dbintercollege {{!}} Gorakhpur |url=https://www.dbintercollegegkp.com/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Dbintercollegegkp |language=en}}</ref>
*Army public school, Gorakhpur
*Delhi public school, Maniram, Gorakhpur
*GD Goyanka public school,Gorakhpur
*[[Sainik School]](upcoming),Gorakhpur
*Little Flower School, Gita Vatika <ref>{{Cite web|title=Little Flower School, Gita Vatika, Gorakhpur|url=https://www.littleflowerschoolgkp.com/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=www.littleflowerschoolgkp.com}}</ref>
*Little Flower School, Chargawan <ref>{{Cite web|title=- LFS Raptinagar, Gorakhpur|url=http://lfsraptinagar.ac.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=lfsraptinagar.ac.in}}</ref>
*Balaji Academy, Gorakhpur

==Colleges==
*[[Baba Raghav Das Medical College]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official website of BRD Medical College {{!}} Baba Raghav Das Medical College Gorakhpur|url=http://brdmc.ac.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=brdmc.ac.in}}</ref>
*GOVERNMENT PHARMACY COLLEGE<ref>{{Cite web|title=gpcbrd.in|url=http://gpcbrd.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=gpcbrd.in}}</ref>
*[[Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College, Gorakhpur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College, Gorakhpur |url=http://upsports.gov.in/pages/sportsdirectorate-en/topmenu/institutions/sportsdirectorate-en-sports-college/sportsdirectorate-en-veer-bahadur-singh-sports-college,-gorakhpur |website=upsports.gov.in |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
*Saheed Raja Hari Prasad Mall Rajkiya Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Page :: Shaheed Raja Hari Prasad Mal Government Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital - Badhalganj, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|url=https://www.shmcg.ac.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=www.shmcg.ac.in}}</ref>
* State Institute of Hotel Management (Upcoming)
* Mahamaya Polytechnic of Information Technology, Hariharpur, Gorakhpur. [https://www.mmitgkp.com/ <nowiki>[12]</nowiki>]

==List of Institutes affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh running in Gorakhpur city==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No !! Institute Code !! Name of College
|-
|| 1
|| 120
|| [[Institute of Technology & Management, Gorakhpur|Institute of Technology & Management]] <ref>{{Cite web|title= ITM, Gorakhpur, Website|url=https://www.itmgkp.edu.in/}}</ref>
|-
|| 2
|| 408
|| Chandra Mauli Institute of Management Sciences & Technology
|-
|| 3
|| 490
|| Suyash Institute of Information Technology
|-
|| 4
|| 516
|| Kailash Institute of Pharmacy & Management
|-
|| 5
|| 517
|| KIPM College of Management
|-
|| 6
|| 525
|| Buddha Institute of Technology
|-
|| 7
|| 571
|| Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pooja College of Pharmacy
|-
|| 8
|| 751
|| KIPM College of Engineering & Technology
|-
|| 9
|| 766
|| Purvanchal Institute of Architecture & Design
|-
|| 10
|| 882
|| Tahira Institute of Medical Sciences
|-
|| 11
|| 907
|| SUYASH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
|-
|| 12
|| 932
|| BUDDHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
|-
|| 13
|| 1071
|| SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
|}

==Universities==
* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=AIIMS Gorakhpur {{!}} ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, Gorakhpur|url=https://aiimsgorakhpur.edu.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur|url=https://ddugu.ac.in/|access-date=12 October 2021|website=ddugu.ac.in}}</ref>
* [[Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (U.P.) India|url=http://www.mmmut.ac.in/|access-date=18 October 2021|website=www.mmmut.ac.in}}</ref>
* [[Mahayogi Gorakhnath University]]
* [[Maha Yogi Guru Gorakhnath Ayush University]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Gazette - Government of Uttar Pradesh |url=http://upvidhai.gov.in/MediaGallery/6of2021.pdf |website=upvidhai.gov.in/ |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology , (NIELIT Gorakhpur)(Deemed university)]]<ref>{{cite web |title= NIELIT Gorakhpur Becomes Deemed University. Check New Courses To Be Offered|url=https://www.news18.com/education-career/nielit-gorakhpur-becomes-deemed-university-check-new-courses-to-be-offered-9048818.html |access-date=12 September 2024|website=nielit.gov.in/gorakhpur/index.php/}}</ref>

==Other Institutes==
* '''The Brokencap '''<ref>{{Cite news |title= The Brokencap
|url=https://www.thebrokencap.com |access-date=24 February 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* [[Veterinary Science Medical College, Gorakhpur(upcoming)]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/construction-of-veterinary-science-college-to-start-in-gorakhpur-101697656394353.html|title=Construction of Veterinary Science College to start in Gorakhpur|access-date=19 October 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of schools in India|Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Schools in Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Education in Gorakhpur| ]]
[[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]]

V. Ramachandra Reddy

2026-02-12T03:19:49Z

BP Writer: creating a page

{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vedire Ramachandrareddy
| image = Vedire Ramachandrareddy.png
| native_name =
| birth_name = Vedire Ramachandrareddy
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|06|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pochampally]], [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District]], [[Telangana]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1986|12|09|1905|06|13|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Pochampally]]
| occupation = Lawyer
| known = Land donation activist
| height =
| parents = Narasa Reddy - Lakshmi Narasamma
| children = Five sons and three daughters
| website =
| ethnicity =
| yearsactive =
}}

'''Vedire Ramachandra Reddy''' (13 July 1905 – 9 December 1986) was a social activist from Telangana. He was the first landowner to donate his land to the poor as part of the [[Bhoodan movement]] in South India in 1951.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oommen |first1=T. K. |year=2009 |title=Charisma, Social Structure and Social Change* |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=10 |pages=85 |doi=10.1017/S0010417500004722}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NCERT |url=https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?jess1=1-7 |website=ncert.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-18 |title=Remembering the man behind Bhoodan Movement: Vedire Ramachandra Reddy |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/featured/140821/remembering-the-man-behind-bhoodan-movement-vedire-ramachandra-reddy.html |access-date=2025-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818162939/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/featured/140821/remembering-the-man-behind-bhoodan-movement-vedire-ramachandra-reddy.html |archive-date=18 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sarvodaya movement: Gandhian approach to peace and non-violence|last=Narayanasamy|first=S.|page=33|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publications}}</ref><ref>Bharathi, K. S. (1998). ''Encyclopaedia of Eminent Thinkers: The political thought of Vinoba''. Concept Publishing. p. 16.</ref>

== Birth and Education ==
Ramachandra Reddy was born on 13 July 1905 to Narasa Reddy and Lakshmi Narasamma in Pochampally, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district, Telangana state. They were a landowning family. They had nine children, three daughters (Manikyadevi, Vimaladevi, Seethadevi) and six sons (Ramachandra Reddy, Ranapratap Reddy, Lakshman Reddy, Manmohan Reddy, Madhusudhan Reddy, Narayan Karan Reddy). He completed his law/barrister training at Ferguson Law College, Pune between 1935 and 1938.

== Bhoodan Movement (Land donation movement) ==
Reddy, a social worker, received the title "Bhoodan" for his significant contribution to the land donation movement in the early 1950s in Andhra Pradesh, upon the visit of Vinobha Bhave (Heir of Gandhi, supported Gandhian ideology) specifically in the village of [[Pochampally]] in the [https://yadadri.telangana.gov.in/public-utility/pochampally/ Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District]. The Bhoodan movement was initiated by [[Acharya Vinoba Bhave|Acharya Vinobha Bhave]], inspired by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], in Pochampally village in April 1951. Reddy made the first donation of {{Cvt|80|acres|m2}}, which later increased to {{Cvt|3000|acres|km2}}. Ultimately, 1 million acres (4,000 km²) of land were donated and distributed among the poor in post-independence India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-25 |title=The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : 'Bhoodan' board to take on encroachers |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/22/stories/2009112259450400.htm |access-date=2025-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125191015/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/22/stories/2009112259450400.htm |archive-date=25 November 2009 }}</ref>

Reddy was born on 13 July 1905, into a prominent family during the Nizam Rule in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] region. He completed his legal training at Sir Alex Ferguson Law College in [[Pune]]. After practicing law for a few years, he resigned to work on social reform and played a role in initiating the land donation movement in Pochampally.

Reddy died on 9 December 1986. He donated 80 acres of land for the Gramdan Movement.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/bhoodan.htm Bhoodan-Gramdan Movement - 50 Years : A Review]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, V. Ramachandra}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian landlords]]
[[Category:20th-century landowners]]

Institute of Technology & Management, Gorakhpur

2026-02-07T10:39:00Z

BP Writer:

{{Short description|Private engineering college in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Institute of Technology & Management
| image = ITM GIDA Logo.png
| motto = ''सह वीर्यं करवावहै''
| mottoeng = May we work together with great energy and vigor
| director = Dr. N. K. Singh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director’s Message |url=https://itmgkp.edu.in/directors-message/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| established = {{Start date and age|paren=yes|2001}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://itmgkp.edu.in/about-us/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| affiliation = [[Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow]]
| type = Private
| academic_staff = 70
| students = 1253
| undergrad = 1253
| city = [[Gorakhpur]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| postalcode = 273209
| country = India
| mapframe = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.74296|83.27327|display=it}}
| campus_type = Rural
| campus_size = 16 acres
| website = {{URL|https://itmgkp.edu.in}}
}}

'''Institute of Technology & Management, Gorakhpur''' is private engineering college established in 2001 at Gorakhpur-Lucknow Highway around 12 km from [[Gorakhpur]] city.

==History==
[[File:Main building of ITM.jpg|center|thumb|Main building of the institute in 2011]]

== Academics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Discipline
!Department
|-
|Computer Application
|Computer Application
|-
| rowspan="6" |Engineering
|Computer Science & Engineering
|-
|Computer Science & Engineering (AI & ML)
|-
|Computer Science & Engineering (Data Science)
|-
|Electronics & Communication Engineering
|-
|Mechanical Engineering
|-
|Civil Engineering
|-
|Pharmacy
|Pharmacy
|-
|Management
|Business Administration
|-
|Law
|Law
|-
|Journalism
|Journalism & Mass Communication
|-
|Applied Science
| Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Languages
|}

==See also==
*[[Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology]]
*[[Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]

Puralmal Singh Chandel

2026-02-07T03:43:12Z

BP Writer: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Puran Mal
| title = [[Raja]]
| image =
| caption =
| succession =
| reign = 16th century
| predecessor = Bariar Singh
| successor =
| Coronation =
| dynasty = [[Gidhaur chieftaincy]]
| birth_place = [[Gidhaur]]
| issue = Hari Singh
| father =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Puran Mal''' was king of [[Gidhaur]] in the 16th century. He was contemporary of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Akbar]]. According to legend, he restored [[Baidyanath Temple]] of [[Deoghar]].<ref name="firstpost"/>

==Reign==
His previous generation supported [[Sher Shah Suri]] against the Mughal. In 1580 he supported rebellion against the Mughal by Masum Khan Kabuli. He clashed with the chief of [[Kharagpur Raj]], [[Sangram Singh II|Sangram Singh]]. After suppressing therebellion, he supported the Mughal expedition led by [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]] against the Afghans in Bengal and Odisha.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Landed Aristocracy and the Peasantry in Medieval Bhagalpur | author=Yogendra Roy | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 59| year=1998 | pages= 279–286|jstor = 44146998}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Chieftains in Bihar During the Mughal Period | author=Ahmed Raza Khan | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 48| year=1987 | pages= 197–205|jstor = 44141673}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Significance of Teliagarhi Fort during the Seventeenth Century | author=Yogendra Roy | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 62| year=2001 | pages= 1069–1077|jstor = 44155847}}</ref>

Puran Mal was successful in befriending Shahbaz Kamboh. He attacked Sangram Singh of Kharagpur. Sangram Singh had to seek shelter in the forest. Puran Mal became powerful. When a Rajput follower of Puran Mal allied with Sangram Singh and attempted to kill Shahbaz Khan Kamboh, he killed another person. Shahbaz Khan Kamboh imprisoned Puran Mal. Later the assailant was arrested and killed and Puran Mal was released. Shahbaz Khan Kamboh was transferred to Bengal from Bihar by Mughal. Sangram Singh again became king of Kharagpur. Later Puran Mal became independent from the empire.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT234|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|pages=234–240}}</ref>

[[Raja Man Singh]] was able to make Sangram Singh and Puran Mal as tributary of Mughal.<ref name="Ansari2019"/> In 1591, he participated in the Mughal expedition against Qutlugh Khan Lohani of [[Odisha]] with Sangram Singh of [[Kharagpur Raj|Kharagpur]], Rupnarain Sisodiah, Man Singh, [[Yousuf Shah Chak]], the ex-ruler of Kashmir and [[Madhu Karn Shah]] of [[Khukhragarh|Khukhra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt|title=The Nagbanshis And The Cheros|website=archive.org}}</ref>

[[File:Temples at Deorgag, Santal Parhanas, Bihar - William Hodges, 1782 - BL Foster 396.jpg|thumb|canvas painting of Baidhnath temple by William Hodges, 1782|260x260px]]
According to legend, He restored [[Baidyanath Temple]] in [[Deoghar]].<ref name="firstpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-modi-visits-baba-baidyanath-dham-history-of-temple-and-significance-in-hindu-mythology-10901211.html|title=PM Modi visits Baba Baidyanath Dham: The history of temple and significance in Hindu mythology|website=firstpost|date=12 July 2022|access-date=6 Aug 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]

{{Royal-stub}}

Mukesh Patel

2026-02-05T06:15:11Z

BP Writer: new new info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Person
| name = Mukesh Kumar Patel
| birth_date = 1967
| birth_place = Mahesana, Gujarat, India
| occupation = Politician
| education = Bachelor of Engineering (Civil)
| alma_mater = Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
'''Mukesh Kumar Patel''' (born 1967)<ref name=":1" /> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-28 |title=Mahesana assembly election 2022: Yet another win for BJP or will Congress or AAP rise to the challenge? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/news/mahesana-assembly-election-2022-yet-another-win-for-bjp-or-will-congress-or-aap-rise-to-the-challenge/articleshow/95822422.cms |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Mahesana Assembly constituency in [[Mahesana district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=मेहसाणा में भाजपा आगे, BJP का गढ़ रही है यह सीट, 7 बार से लगातार दर्ज कर रही जीत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/mehsana-gujarat-assembly-election-result-2022-mukesh-patel-bjp-vs-pk-patel-aap-election-results/2541331/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Mahesana Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Mukeshkumar D Patel wins by 45,794 votes - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/gujarat-election-result-2022-mahesana-legislative-assembly-election-winner-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15345361.htm |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Patel is from [[Mehsana|Mahesana]], Gujarat. He is the son of Dwarkadas Patel. He completed his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1989.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=PATEL MUKESHKUMAR D. (Winner) MAHESANA (MAHESANA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5971|access-date=2025-01-21|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Patel won from [[Mahesana Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 98,816 votes and defeated his nearest rival, PK Patel of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 45,794 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highlights {{!}} Mehsana Assembly Election 2022 Result: BJP’s Mukesh Patel wins by huge margin of 45794 Votes |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/live-updates-mehsana-assembly-election-2022-result-vidhan-sabha-chunav-bjp-s-mukesh-patel-to-compete-against-congress-s-bhagat-patel-aap-s-pk-patel-2545434 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahesana Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Patel Mukeshkumar D. of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/mahesana-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562939.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Former deputy chief minister and outgoing MLA Nitin Patel has opted to stay out but picked his own replacement and nominated Mukesh Patel as the MLA candidate and supported him during the campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hebbar |first=Nistula |date=2022-11-27 |title=Gujarat Assembly polls {{!}} The long shadow of Nitin Patel over the contest in Mehsana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-assembly/gujarat-assembly-polls-the-long-shadow-of-nitin-patel-over-the-contest-in-mehsana/article66190870.ece |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Mukesh}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Mehsana district]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]

Bindki Assembly constituency

2026-01-30T23:31:44Z

BP Writer:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bindki
| constituency_no = 239
| map_image = 239-Bindki.svg
| mla = [[Jai Kumar Singh Jaiki]]
| party = {{Party index link|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 2,97,115 (2017)
| type= SLA
}}
'''Bindki''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Bindki]] in the [[Fatehpur district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

[[Bindki]] is one of six assembly constituencies in the [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this constituency is numbered 239 amongst 403 Lok Sabha constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate '''[[Jai Kumar Singh Jaiki]]''' who won in last Assembly election of [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate '''Rameshwar Dayal urf Dayalu Omer''' by a margin of 3797 votes.

==Wards/Area==
It contains these parts of Fatehpur district- 
1. Joniha, Bindki (NPP), Malwan, Bindki MB of Bindki Tehsil 
2. Kandhi of Fatehpur Tehsil.

== Elected MLAs ==
 
{| class="sortable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid;
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Ref.
|-
|1962
|Jagannath Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|<ref name="election1962">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|title=ECI 1962 result|website=Eci.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
|-
|1967
|Ramakant Dwivedi
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|<ref name="election1967">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
|-
|1969
|Panna Lal Gupta
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|<ref name="election1969">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1969 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
|-
|1974
|Ramakant Dwivedi
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|<ref name="election1974">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1974 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
|-
|1977
|Jagannath Singh
|[[Janata Party]]
|<ref name="election1977">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|1980
|Ram Pyare Pandey
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|<ref name="election1980">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1980 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|1985
|Achal Singh
|[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]]
|<ref name="election1985">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1985 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|1989
|Achal Singh
|[[Janata Dal]]
|<ref name="election1989">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1989 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Abhimanyu Singh
|[[Janata Dal]]
|<ref name="election1991">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Amarjeet Singh
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref name="election1993">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1993 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|[[Rajendra Singh Patel]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|<ref name="election1996">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1996 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|Amarjeet Singh
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref name="election2002">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2002 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Sukhdev Prasad Verma
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|<ref name="election2007">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2007 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Sukhdev Prasad Verma
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|<ref name="election2012">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Karan Singh Patel]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/bindki.html|title=Bindki (Uttar Pradesh) Election Results 2017|website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Jai Kumar Singh Jaiki]]
|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
|
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bindki<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Jai Kumar Singh Jaiki]]
|votes = {{formatnum:78165}}
|percentage = 40.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Rameshwar Dayal 'Dayalu Omer'
|votes = {{formatnum:74368}}
|percentage = 38.97
|change = +16.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sushil Kumar Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:23358}}
|percentage = 12.24
|change = -5.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abhimanyu Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5637}}
|percentage = 2.95
|change = +1.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Laxmi Sagar
|votes = {{formatnum:2070}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ganga Vishun
|votes = {{formatnum:1989}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1726}}
|percentage = 0.9
|change = -0.28
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3797}}
|percentage = 1.99
|change = -28.66
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190821}}
|percentage = 60.98
|change = -0.94
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Bindki]]<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Karan Singh Patel]]
|votes = {{formatnum:97996}}
|percentage = 53.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Rameshwar Dayal
|votes = {{formatnum:41618}}
|percentage = 22.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sukhdev Prasad Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:32297}}
|percentage = 17.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abhimanyu Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2002}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Dal
|candidate = Amarjeet Singh Jansewak
|votes = {{formatnum:1745}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2142}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:56378}}
|percentage = 30.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:183971}}
|percentage = 61.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing = +25.99
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|26.03|80.58|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Fatehpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Viraat Ramayan Mandir

2026-01-27T05:35:02Z

BP Writer: creating a page

{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{AI-generated|date=January 2026|reason=See {{slink|User talk:Skrsingh009|January 2026}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Viraat Ramayan Mandir
| native_name = विराट रामायण मंदिर
| image = Viraat Ramayan Mandir.jpg
| caption = Plan of Viraat Ramayan Mandir
| map_type = India Bihar
| map_caption = Location in [[Bihar]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.382|N|84.933|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district =
| location = Kaithawalia, NH-227A, [[Chakia, Bihar|Chakia]]-Kesariya road, [[East Champaran]], Bihar
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Rama]], [[Sita]] and [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Rama Navami]] • [[Deepavali]] • [[Vijayadashami]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 2026 (expected)
| creator = Mahavira Mandiram Trust, [[Patna]]
| website = {{url|viraatramayanmandir.com}}
| governing_body = [[Mahavir Mandir]] Trust, [[Patna]]
| functional_status = Under construction
| site_area = 161 acres
}}
'''Viraat Ramayan Mandir''' is an under-construction [[Hindu temple]] complex located at the twin villages of Kaithawalia and Bahuara, near Chakia in [[East Champaran district]] of [[Tirhut division]], [[Bihar]], [[India]].

The project is being developed by the Mahavir Mandir Trust, Patna, and is planned to be one of the largest Hindu temple complexes in the world.

The temple complex is dedicated primarily to Lord Rama and Sita, and is inspired by the architectural style of Angkor Wat in Cambodia. It is designed to include multiple shrines and is expected to be completed by 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/virat-mandir-in-bihar-to-overtak-angkor-wat-as-worlds-largest-hindu-temple-212979-2013-10-01 |title=Virata Mandiram in Bihar to overtake Angkor Wat as world's largest Hindu temple and Temple : North, News |work=India Today |date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2014-04-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429183558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/virata-mandiram-in-bihar-to-overtake-angkor-wat-as-worlds-largest-hindu-temple/1/312759.html |archive-date=2014-04-29 }}</ref>
.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2013/May/newsbihar15May5.html |title=Bihar Mahavira Temple second highest income earner in north India after Vaishno Devi Temple |publisher=Bihartimes.in |access-date=2013-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727224449/http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2013/May/newsbihar15May5.html |archive-date=2013-07-27 }}</ref> It is being built with a cost of 500 crore rupees<ref name="mahavirmandirpatna1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mahavirmandirpatna.org/Viraat%20Ramayan%20Mandir.html |title=Virata Ramayana Mandiram, Bihar |publisher=Mahavirmandirpatna.org |date=2004-01-01 |access-date=2013-10-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223744/http://www.mahavirmandirpatna.org/Viraat%20Ramayan%20Mandir.html |archive-date=2013-10-04 }}</ref> and is planned to be {{convert|405|ft|m|order=flip}} high, double height of [[Angkor Wat]] Hindu Temple in [[Cambodia]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11621284/World%27s-largest-temple-to-be-built-in-India-after-Muslims-donate-the-land-for-Hindu-shrine.html | title=World's largest temple to be built in India – after Muslims donate the land for Hindu shrine | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=22 May 2015 | access-date=22 May 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528000916/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11621284/World%27s-largest-temple-to-be-built-in-India-after-Muslims-donate-the-land-for-Hindu-shrine.html | archive-date=28 May 2015 }}</ref> and to have a hall that seats 20,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/virat-mandir-in-bihar-to-overtak-angkor-wat-as-worlds-largest-hindu-temple-212979-2013-10-01 |title=Virata Mandiram in Bihar to overtake Angkor Wat as world's largest Hindu temple and Temple : North, News |work=India Today |date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2014-04-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429183558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/virata-mandiram-in-bihar-to-overtake-angkor-wat-as-worlds-largest-hindu-temple/1/312759.html |archive-date=2014-04-29 }}</ref>

Virat Ramayan Mandir is completely funded by the Mahavir Mandir Patna Trust, Tata is the construction company which has subcontracted the Suntech Infra Solutions for the civil works which has previously undertaken other successful projects in Bihar such as NTPC, Fertilizer and IOCL Barauni. The construction of the temple, scheduled to commence in June 2015, was delayed due to Cambodia government's protest to the government of India however the issue was successfully resolved. The expected completion date is 2026.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/ramayan-temple-bihar-cambodia-protests-angor-wat-280504-2015-07-03 | title=Cambodian government protested in June | publisher=indiatoday.co.in | date=2015-05-07 | access-date=2015-05-07 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822033701/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ramayana-temple-bihar-cambodia-protests-angor-wat/1/449009.html |archive-date=2015-08-22 }}</ref>

==Planning==
The temple is inspired from [[Angkor Wat]] of Cambodia and [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] of [[Rameshvaram]] and [[Meenakshi Temple|Meenakshi Sundareshvara Temple]] of [[Madurai]] in Tamilnadu. The temple will comprise 18 shrines for various [[Hindu deities]]; [[Rama]] and [[Sita]] being the principal deities.<ref>{{cite web|agency=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Bhumi-pujan-of-largest-Hindu-temple-today/articleshow/14311194.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628081952/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-21/patna/32351704_1_temple-mahavir-mandir-trust-acharya-kishore-kunal |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-28 |title='Bhumi pujan' of largest Hindu temple today |date=2012-06-21 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-10-03}}</ref> The plan is spearheaded by [[Acharya Kishore Kunal]].

[[Patna]] based, Mahavira Mandiram Trust first proposed the project, as Virata Angkor Wat Rama Sita Mandiram in [[Hajipur]] modeled on [[Angkor Wat]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Angkor-Wat-temple-Bhumi-pujan-today/articleshow/12141459.cms |title=Angkor Wat temple 'Bhumi-pujan' today |work=The Times of India |date=2012-03-05 |access-date=2014-04-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511201413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Angkor-Wat-temple-Bhumi-pujan-today/articleshow/12141459.cms |archive-date=2018-05-11 }}</ref> the twin city of Patna. The temple trust acquired {{convert|161|acre|ha|order=flip}} of land in [[East Champaran district]]<ref name="Site Plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.viraatramayanmandir.net/site-plan/ |title=Site Plan |publisher=Viraat Ramayan Mandir |access-date=2014-04-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429204558/http://www.viraatramayanmandir.net/site-plan/ |archive-date=2014-04-29 }}</ref> and therefore the earlier site of Hajipur had been abandoned.

In August 2012, following the concerns raised by the Cambodian Government,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Justine Drennan |author2=Phak Seangly |name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/plans-indian-%E2%80%98angkor%E2%80%99-tweaked |title=Plans for Indian 'Angkor' tweaked, National, Phnom Penh Post |work=The Phnom Penh Post |date=2012-08-10 |access-date=2013-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005002324/http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/plans-indian-%E2%80%98angkor%E2%80%99-tweaked |archive-date=2013-10-05 }}</ref> the [[Indian Government]] requested the Mahavira Mandiram Trust to not build exact replica of [[Angkor Wat]] as it will collapse due to the structural weakness.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9130436/India-to-build-replica-of-Cambodias-Angkor-Wat.html |title=India to build replica of Cambodia's Angkor Wat |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=2013-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025092854/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9130436/India-to-build-replica-of-Cambodias-Angkor-Wat.html |archive-date=2013-10-25 }}</ref> Consequently, the trust changed the name from the Virata Angkor Wat Rama Sita Temple to the Virata Ramayana Mandiram. On November 13, 2013, Bihar chief minister [[Nitish Kumar]] unveiled a model of the temple.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Model-of-worlds-largest-Hindu-temple-unveiled-in-Bihar/articleshow/25712243.cms |title=Model of world's |website=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204031929/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Model-of-worlds-largest-Hindu-temple-unveiled-in-Bihar/articleshow/25712243.cms |archive-date=2013-12-04 }}</ref>

==Shivling==
{{Main|Sahasralingam Shivalinga, Kaithwalia}}
The Viraat Ramayan Mandir complex also includes a large Shiva temple where a massive monolithic Shivling has been installed. The Shivling, carved from a single block of black granite, is considered one of the largest in the world. It measures approximately 33 feet in height and weighs around 210 tonnes. It was crafted in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, and transported to Bihar using special heavy-load transport systems.

The Shivling was installed on 17 January 2026, following traditional Vedic rituals and ceremonies conducted by priests and saints.

The inclusion of a Shiva shrine within a temple complex dedicated to Rama and Sita reflects the harmony between Shaivite and Vaishnav traditions in Hinduism.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Unknown |first1=Unknown |title=World’s largest Shivlinga installed at Virat Ramayan Mandir in East Champaran, Bihar |url=https://www.inextlive.com/world-largest-shivlinga-installed-at-virat-ramayan-mandir-in-east-champaran-bihar-1768643130 |work=iNext |date=17 January 2026 |access-date=17 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Unknown |first1=Unknown |title=Virat Ramayan Mandir shivling installation in East Champaran, Bihar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/motihari/news/virat-ramayan-mandir-shivaling-installation-bihar-motihari-shivling-136963211.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=17 January 2026 |access-date=17 January 2026}}</ref>

==Location==
It is located 120 km northeast of [[Patna]] - the capital of [[Bihar]], 102 km northeast of [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], 12 km west of [[Chakia, Bihar|Chakia]], 31 km south of [[Motihari]], and 86 km south of [[Raxaul]]. Its exact location is at Janaki Nagar south of Motihari in [[East Champaran district]] in North Bihar. It will be spread over an area of {{convert|125|acre|ha|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Work-on-worlds-largest-Hindu-temple-to-begin-by-June-end/articleshow/47334944.cms | title=Work on world's largest Hindu temple to begin by June-end | work=The Times of India | date=18 May 2015 | access-date=22 May 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917201652/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Work-on-worlds-largest-Hindu-temple-to-begin-by-June-end/articleshow/47334944.cms | archive-date=17 September 2017 }}</ref> at Bahuara-Kathwalia villages on Chakia-Kesariya road in [[East Champaran district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/construction-of-viraat-ramayan-mandir-to-begin-from-june-20/articleshow/100582212.cms|title=Construction of Viraat Ramayan Mandir to begin from June 20 |work=The Times of India |date=29 May 2023 }}</ref> It will be {{convert|2800|ft|m|order=flip}} in length, {{convert|1400|ft|m|order=flip}} in width and {{convert|405|ft|m|order=flip}} in height.<ref name="Site Plan"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-19/patna/39369250_1_largest-hindu-temple-mahavir-temple-trust-crore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627183900/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-19/patna/39369250_1_largest-hindu-temple-mahavir-temple-trust-crore |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-27 |title='Donate a sq feet' scheme for Viraat Ramayan Mandir |date=2013-05-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-10-03}}</ref>

==Temple Trust==
Since 1987 Mahavir Mandir is managed by a trust composed of 11 members. This trust is Registered under Bihar Hindu Religious Trust Act, 1950. As of February 2024, the following people were the trustees:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.viraatramayanmandir.net/nirmaan/trust-committee/ |title=Trust committee members |work=Temple website |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>
* Justice BN Agrawal retd. (President)
* Acharya [[Kishore Kunal]], retd. IPS (Secretary)
* Justice Rajendra Prasad, retd. (Treasurer)
* VS Dubey, retd. IAS
* Ram Balak Mahto, Advocate General
* Ram Sundar Das, former Chief Minister
* Kashi Nath Mishra, former VC
* Justice SN Jha, retd.
* RK Shrivastava, retd. IAS
* Mrs Mahashweta Maharathi, Bodh Gaya
* Mahant Ramashray Das, Ayodhya

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}

* [[Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir]]
* [[Mahavir Mandir]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mahavirmandirpatna.org Official website of Mahavir Mandir Trust]
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.viraatramayanmandir.com website of Viraat Ramayan Mandir]
{{Hindu temples in Bihar}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rama temples]]
[[Category:East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures under construction in India]]
[[Category:Cambodia–India relations]]

Datia district

2026-01-19T20:18:45Z

BP Writer:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Datia}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Datia district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name = 
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Beer Singh Palace Datia central tower.jpg
|photo1b = Chandrprabha temple, Sonagiri (3).jpg
|photo2a = Architect of sun temple unao balaji.jpg
|photo2b = Pitambara Peeth temple, Datia city.jpg
|photo3a = 0121421 Brahmi script Prakrit language 3rd-century BCE, Ashoka Minor Rock Edict, Gujarra Madhya Pradesh 01.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Datia Palace]], Chandraprabha Temple in [[Sonagiri]], [[Pitambara Peeth]], Emperor Ashok Rock inscription in Gujarra, Surya Temple, Unao
| image_map = MP Datia district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Datia district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|25|40|N|78|27|E|region:IN-MP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Datia
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gwalior division|Gwalior]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Datia]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Datia]], [[Seondha]], [[Bhander]], [[Indergarh]], [[Badoni]]
| area_total_km2 = 2902
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 786,754
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 181976
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 72.63 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 873
| leader_title = [[District collector|Collector]] & [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Mr.Sanjay Kumar [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency|Bhind]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Datia]] [[Seondha]] and [[Bhander]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = MP 32
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH44]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://datia.nic.in}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Datia district''' ({{IPA|hi|d̪ət̪ɪjaː}}) is one of important district in [[Gwalior Division]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The town of [[Datia]] is its district headquarters.

==History==
Emperor Ashok rock inscription present in gujarra. [[Datia]] had formerly been a state in the [[Bundelkhand]] region. The ruling family were Rajputs of the Bundela clan; they descended from a younger son of a former raja of Orchha. The chief rulers of Datia were Bhagwan Rao, Shubhkaran Rao, Dalpat Rao and Ramchandra and they had good relations with the Mughals. There is a fort palace at Datia, the architecture of which is chiefly Indo-Islamic which partly inspired the chief architect Edward Lutyens, while designing New Delhi. The state was administered as part of the Bundelkhand agency of Central India. It lay in the extreme north-west of Bundelkhand, near Gwalior, and was surrounded on all sides by other princely states of Central India, except on the east where it bordered upon the United Provinces.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Datia|volume=7|pages=845-846}}</ref> It was second highest in the rank of all the Bundela states after Orchha, with a 15-gun salute, and its Maharajas bore the hereditary title of Second of the Princes of Bundelkhand. The land area of the state was 2130 km2 and its population in 1901 was 173,759.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Datia, together with the rest of the Bundelkhand agency, became part of the new state of Vindhya Pradesh in 1950. In 1956, Vindhya Pradesh state was merged with certain other areas to form the state of Madhya Pradesh within the Union of India.

==Geography==
The district has an area of 2,691 km2, and a population 627,818 (2001 census). The population of Datia District increased by 26% from 1981 to 1991, and by 22% from 1991 to 2001. The district has 445 villages and 5 towns, [[Datia]], [[Badoni]], [[Seondha]], [[Bhander]] and [[Indergarh]]. Each town is the headquarters of its [[tehsil]].<ref name=Datia>{{cite web|url = http://datia.nic.in/|title = Datia district|publisher = District Administration|access-date = 2010-04-14|archive-date = 2020-12-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201014111/http://datia.nic.in/|url-status = live}}</ref>

Datia is bounded by the Madhya Pradesh districts of [[Bhind District|Bhind]] to the north, [[Gwalior District|Gwalior]] to the west, and [[Shivpuri District|Shivpuri]] to the south, and by [[Jhansi district|Jhansi District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state to the east. The district is part of [[Gwalior Division]].<ref name=Datia/> [[Sindh River]] and [[Pahuj River]] is major river of District.

===Village===
* [[Basai, Datia|Basai]]
* [[Chirula, Datia|Chirula]]
* [[Neemdanda]]

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,10,237|13=1911|14=1,86,545|15=1921|16=1,81,211|17=1931|18=1,95,383|19=1941|20=2,20,175|21=1951|22=2,29,506|23=1961|24=2,78,957|25=1971|26=3,55,166|27=1981|28=4,31,791|29=1991|30=5,44,547|31=2001|32=6,64,159|33=2011|34=7,86,754|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313031856/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Datia district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329111410/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|95.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|mediumblue|1.01}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.33}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Datia District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 786,754<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Datia |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/696/download/2432/DH_2011_2305_PART_A_DCHB_DATIA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313042545/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/696/download/2432/DH_2011_2305_PART_A_DCHB_DATIA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Comoros]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Comoros 794,683 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[South Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=South Dakota 814,180
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 487th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 271 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}<ref name=districtcensus/> with 76% living in rural regions and 24% living in urban areas. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.4%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Datia has a [[sex ratio]] of 873 [[females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.63%. 23.13% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 25.46% and 1.91% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
| caption = Languages of Datia district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
| label1 = [[Hindi]]
| value1 = 91.06
| color1 = orange
| label2 = [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]]
| value2 = 8.16
| color2 = tomato
| label3 = Others
| value3 = 0.78
| color3 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 91.06% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 8.16% [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329195608/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref> Bundelkhandi is the main dialect of the district.

==Tourist places==
*[[Pitambara Peeth]]
*[[Ratangarh Mata Temple]]
*[[Sonagiri]]
*[[unao Balaji Sun Temple]]
*[[Datia Palace]]
*Datia Boat Club
* Sankuwa Dham

==See also==
*[[Datia State]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Datia district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Bhind district]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Jhansi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Shivpuri district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Gwalior district]]
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Gwalior Division}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Datia district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]

Cheina

2025-12-29T04:53:01Z

BP Writer: stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Cheina
|image = File:Cheina_Manipuri_Film_Poster.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Poster
|director = [[Oken Amakcham]]
|producer = Shanti Thokchom
|writer =
|screenplay = Yumnam Rajendra
|story = Yumnam Rajendra
|starring = Gurumayum Kalpana Khuraijam Lingjelthoibi Wahengbam Somoraj Thingom Pritam
|music = Oken Amakcham '''Audiography:''' A. Shantimo Sharma
|cinematography = [[Irom Maipak]]
|editing = Ujjal Nandy
|studio = Dashu Films
|distributor = Dashu Films
|released = {{film date|df=y|2003|1|18}}
|runtime = 127 minutes
|country = [[India]]
|language = [[Meitei language|Meiteilon]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])

}}

'''''Cheina''''' (English: ''The Agony'') is a 2003 [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri film]] directed by [[Oken Amakcham]] and produced by Shanti Thokchom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=41..221221.dec21|title=MSFDS mourns demise of actor W Somoraj|author=Chronicle News Service|access-date=15 January 2022|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Press_Release.Press_Release_2021.Mourns_demise_of_actor_Wahangbam_Somoraj_20211222|title=Mourns the demise of actor Wahangbam Somoraj|access-date=15 January 2022|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/12/22/MPHAL-Dec-21-The-Manipur-State-Film-Development-Society-MSFDS-has-mourned-the-demise-of-Wahengb.amp.html|title=MSFDS mourns|access-date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref> It stars Gurumayum Kalpana, Khuraijam Lingjelthoibi, Wahengbam Somoraj and Thingom Pritam in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenewsmill.com/manipur-actor-wahengbam-somoraj-no-more-msfds-mourns-death-of-actor/|title=Manipur actor Wahengbam Somoraj no more; MSFDS mourns death of actor|access-date=15 January 2022|website=thenewsmill.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukhrultimes.com/manipur-state-film-development-society-mourns-demise-of-wahengbam-somoraj/|title=Manipur State Film Development Society mourns demise of Wahengbam Somoraj|access-date=15 January 2022|website=ukhrultimes.com}}</ref> The story and screenplay was written by Yumnam Rajendra and produced under the banner of Dashu Films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/nightmare-for-dream-film-manipur-halls-don-t-have-equipment-to-screen-35-mm-cinema/cid/807701|title=Nightmare for dream film - Manipur halls don't have equipment to screen 35 mm cinema|author=Khelen Thokchom|accessdate=7 October 2025|newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/manipur/irom-maipak-cinematographer-covid-7324537/|title=Irom Maipak, Manipur’s only national award-winning cinematographer, dies of Covid-19|access-date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> The film got censor certificate on 30 December 2002 and was released on 18 January 2003 at Usha Cinema, Paona Bazar, Imphal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://communicationtoday.net/2014/03/31/manipuri-cinema-multiple-facets/|title=Manipuri Cinema : Multiple Facets|author=Meghachandra Kongbam|access-date=15 January 2022|website=communicationtoday.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2021/12/22/manipur-film-society-mourns-untimely-demise-of-dedicated-film-actor-wahengbam-somoraj/|title=Manipur film society mourns untimely demise of dedicated film actor Wahengbam Somoraj|access-date=15 January 2022|website=www.northeasttoday.in}}</ref>

==Cast==
* Gurumayum Kalpana as Yumnam Thanil Devi
* Khuraijam Lingjelthoibi as Tharo
* Wahengbam Somoraj as Thabal
* Thingom Pritam as Thambousana
* Chandrahas as Thembung
* Laishram Lalitabi as Tharo's mother
* [[Oken Amakcham]] as Doctor
* Mangangsana Mayanglambam as Pena player
* Baby Sanjeeta
* Jagdish
* Gouranityai
* Nenu
* Bimol
* Hemabati
* Karuna
* Bharat

==Accolades==
The movie won the Best Feature Film award at the 6th Manipur State Film Festival 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?p2p=news&src=2..161106.nov06&sNStart=%3C!EpnNews2%3E&sNEnd=%3C!EpnNews2End%3E&sHead=%3C!EpnHeading2%3E&sHeadEnd=%3C!EpnHeading2End%3E|title=Film awards distributed|author=The Sangai Express|access-date=15 January 2022|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Thingnam_Anjulika.Yumnam_Shanti_Film_Producer|title=Yumnam Ongbi Shanti ( Thokchom Ningol) - Film Producer|author=Thingnam Anjulika Samom|accessdate=18 October 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Winner's name
!Result
|-
|rowspan="3"|6th Manipur State Film Festival 2006
| Best Feature Film
| Shanti Thokchom (Producer) [[Oken Amakcham]] (Director)
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Director
| Oken Amakcham
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Script
| Yumnam Rajendra
| {{won}}
|}

==Soundtrack==
[[Oken Amakcham]] composed the soundtrack for the film and Sarat Yumnam, R.K. Lalmani and Y. Swarnalata wrote the lyrics. The songs are titled ''Leinam Leinam'', ''Punshigi Ahanba'', ''Tanglou Thenglaba'' and ''Thabal Pharaba Ahing''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungama.com/album/cheina/54448708/|title=Cheina Album on Hungama|access-date=15 January 2022|website=www.hungama.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/song/tanglou-thenglaba|title=Tanglou Thenglaba on Gaana|access-date=15 January 2022|website=gaana.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/leinam-tingkhang/Qgo8Wxd8R1Q|title=Leinam Tingkhang on JioSaavn|access-date=15 January 2022|website=www.jiosaavn.com}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Cheina
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Dinesh Sharma, [[Pushparani Huidrom]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2003
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=21|s=25}}
| label = Dashu Films
| producer = Shanti Thokchom
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|_3ok-7Ai1zw|Audio Jukebox}}
}}}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=21|s=25}}
| title1 = Leinam Leinam
| extra1 = [[Pushparani Huidrom]]
| music1 = Oken Amakcham
| lyrics1 = Sarat Yumnam, R.K. Lalmani
| length1 = 05:32
| title2 = Punshigi Ahanba
| extra2 = Dinesh Sharma, [[Pushparani Huidrom]]
| music2 = Oken Amakcham
| lyrics2 = R.K. Lalmani
| length2 = 05:12
| title3 = Tanglou Thenglaba
| extra3 = [[Pushparani Huidrom]]
| music3 = Oken Amakcham
| lyrics3 = Y. Swarnalata
| length3 = 05:10
| title4 = Thabal Pharaba
| extra4 = Dinesh Sharma
| music4 = Oken Amakcham
| lyrics4 = Sarat Yumnam
| length4 = 05:31
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2000s Meitei-language films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]

Lawder's bent-toed gecko

2025-12-16T04:01:06Z

BP Writer: new a post...

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Kumaon Bent-toed Gecko imported from iNaturalist photo 95736631 on 30 March 2024.jpg
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>[[species:Chelmala Srinivasulu|Srinivasulu C]], [[species:Varad B. Giri|Giri V]] (2021). "''Cyrtodactylus lawderanus''". The [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species 2021: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T202870A2757479.en. Accessed on 13 December 2024.</ref>
| name = Lawder's bent-toed Gecko
| genus = Cyrtodactylus
| species = lawderanus
| authority = ([[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka]], 1871)
| synonyms =*''Gymnodactylus lawderanus'' {{small|Stoliczka, 1871}}
*''Alsophylax himalayensis'' {{small|[[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1913}}
*''Cyrtodactylus lawderanus'' {{small|— [[species:Garth Leon Underwood|Underwood]], 1954}}
*''Gonydactylus lawderanus'' {{small|— [[Arnold G. Kluge|Kluge]], 1991}}
*''Cyrtopodion lawderanus'' {{small|— [[species:Herbert Rösler|Rösler]], 2000}}
*''Siwaligekko lawderanus'' {{small|— [[species:Muhammad Sharif Khan|Khan]], 2003}}
*''Cyrtopodion lawderanum'' {{small|— [[Darrel R. Frost|Frost]], 2007}}
*''Cyrtodactylus lawderanum'' {{small|— [[species:Ishan Agarwal|Agarwal]] et al., 2014}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB/>
}}

'''Lawder's bent-toed gecko''' ('''''Cyrtodactylus lawderanus''''') is a [[species]] of [[gecko]], a [[lizard]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Gekkonidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to northern India (western [[Himalayas]], [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]). Its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is "Kumaon", restricted to [[Almora district|Almora]] by [[Malcolm Arthur Smith]].<ref name=RDB/> It is named after Mr. A. Lawder who collected the [[holotype]]. His identity is not known for sure, but he is likely to have been A.W. Lawder who was a member of the [[Geological Society of London]], as was [[Ferdinand Stoliczka]] who [[species description|described]] the species.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2011"/> It is sometimes placed in the genus ''[[Cyrtopodion]]''.

==Description==
The body of ''C. lawderanus'' is rather slender and elongate, depressed, and covered above with numerous granules intermixed with small roundish tubercles. The upper side of the head is equally granular, with the granular scales being somewhat larger on the snout. The [[Rostral scale|rostral]] is large, and broad, with the nostril pierced between the rostral, the first [[Labial scales|labial]], and two [[Nasal scale|nasal]]s. It has 9 upper and 8 lower labials. The [[Mental scale|mental]] is triangular, partially wedged in between two elongate chin-shields, forming a suture below it. Each of the chin-shields is followed along the labials by three other somewhat rounded shields. The ear-opening is small and rounded. The ventral scales are small. Two pairs of preanal pores occur in the male, are close together, and form an angle. The general colour above is greyish brown, very densely marbled and spotted with dark brown, with some indistinct undulating, whitish cross bands on the body, and margined on the anterior edges with blackish brown. A somewhat indistinct dark band runs from the nostril through the eye to the ear. The front and hind edges of the eye are white. The labials are spotted and speckled with brown. The underside of the body is whitish. The length of the body is nearly 2 inches.<ref name="Boulenger 1890"/>

==Reproduction==
''C. lawderanus'' is [[Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Boulenger 1890">{{cite book|author=Boulenger GA|author-link=George Albert Boulenger|title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia|year=1890|publisher=Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5490}} (''Gymnodactylus lawderanus'', p. 64).</ref>
<ref name="Beolens et al. 2011">{{cite book|last1=Beolens|first1=Bo|author1-link=species:Bo Beolens|last2=Watkins|first2=Michael|author2-link=species:Michael Watkins|last3=Grayson|first3=Michael|author3-link=species:Michael Grayson|title=The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0F758vNQ0UUC&pg=PT487|date=2011|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.|isbn=978-1-4214-0135-5}} (''Cyrtopodion lawderanum'', p. 152).</ref>

<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Cyrtodactylus|species=lawderanus|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
*[[Nelson Annandale|Annandale N]] (1913). "Some new and interesting Batrachia and Lizards from India, Ceylon and Borneo". ''Records of the Indian Museum'' '''9''': 301–307. (''Alsophylax himalayensis'', new species, pp. 305–306 + Plate XV, figures 1, 1a, 1b, 1c).
*[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith MA]] (1935). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria.'' London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 440 pp. + Plate I + 2 maps. (''Gymnodactylus lawderanus'', pp. 58–59, Figure 18).
*[[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka F]] (1871). "Notes on new or little known Indian lizards". ''Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta)'' '''1871''': 192–195. (''Gymnodactylus lawderanus'', new species, p. 194).

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3009455}}

[[Category:Cyrtodactylus]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand Stoliczka]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1871]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
{{Cyrtodactylus-stub}}

Avalum Naanum

2025-12-03T22:36:28Z

BP Writer: Creating new info - done

{{Short description|2018 Indian Tamil-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Avalum Nanum Tamil Drama.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = Soap opera Family [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Melodrama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = ''Paniveedu'' Kumaran
| director = Dhanush
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Mounika Devi
* [[Sathyapriya]]
* Amruth
* Dharish
* Sanjay Saravanan
}}
| theme_music_composer = A. JOHNSON
| editor = Vijay Muthu Krishnan
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 380
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode
| company = TRM Sri Barati Associate
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|2|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2019|6|22}}
| channel = [[Vijay TV]] [[Vijay TV|Vijay TV HD]]
| screenplay = ''Paniveedu'' Kumaran
}}

'''Avalum Naanum''' ({{translation|''Her and Myself''}}) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language family soap opera starring Mounika Devi in a dual role opposite Amruth and Dharish, and is directed by Dhanush. It started airing on 26 February 2018 on [[Vijay TV]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-tv-to-air-two-new-shows-avalum-nanum-and-ponmagal-vandhal/articleshow/63029326.cms|title=Vijay TV to air new series- Avalum Nanum|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 February 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-02-22|language=en|archive-date=26 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226042708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-tv-to-air-two-new-shows-avalum-nanum-and-ponmagal-vandhal/articleshow/63029326.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ietamil.com/entertainment/vijay-tv-new-serial-avalum-naanum/|title=விஜய் டிவியின் புதிய சீரியல் 'அவளும் நானும்'|date=22 February 2018|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2018-02-22|language=ta|archive-date=26 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032555/https://www.ietamil.com/entertainment/vijay-tv-new-serial-avalum-naanum/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screen4screen.com/tamilcinemanews/avalum-nanum-vijay-tv-matinee-serial/|title='அவளும் நானும்', இரட்டை சகோதரிகளின் கதை|publisher=www.screen4screen.com|access-date=2018-03-15|language=ta|archive-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318024542/http://www.screen4screen.com/tamilcinemanews/avalum-nanum-vijay-tv-matinee-serial/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2018/02/vijay-tv-rolls-up-sleeves-to-take-colors-tamil-and-sun-tv-head-on/|title=Vijay TV will launch a one-hour afternoon slot|publisher=bestmediainfo.com|access-date=2018-02-22|language=en|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224192616/http://bestmediainfo.com/2018/02/vijay-tv-rolls-up-sleeves-to-take-colors-tamil-and-sun-tv-head-on/|url-status=live}}</ref> in an afternoon programming block called "Vijay Matinee Thodargal".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/67067/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Two-new-serials-in-Vijay-Television.htm|title=விஜய் மேட்னி தொடர்- அவளும் நானும்|date=24 February 2018|work=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2018-02-24|language=ta|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224110743/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/67067/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Two-new-serials-in-Vijay-Television.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The show is a family melodrama based on twin girls Nila and Diya (both played by Mounika Devi).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-gets-a-unique-twist/articleshow/63344941.cms|title=Avalum Naanum gets a unique twist|newspaper=The Times of India|date=18 March 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-03-18|language=en|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320053740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-gets-a-unique-twist/articleshow/63344941.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It ended on 22 June 2019 after a run of more than 300 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-serial-avalum-naanum-crosses-200-episodes-milestone/articleshow/66736304.cms|title=TV serial Avalum Naanum crosses 200 episodes milestone|work=The Times of India |date=21 November 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=7 February 2024|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007220615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-serial-avalum-naanum-crosses-200-episodes-milestone/articleshow/66736304.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-crosses-300-episodes/articleshow/68483416.cms|title=Avalum Naanum crosses 300 episodes|work=The Times of India |date=19 March 2019|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=7 February 2024|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219110342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-crosses-300-episodes/articleshow/68483416.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Nila and Diya (Mounika Devi) are identical twin sisters. Nila's parents try to force her to marry Praveen (Amruth) because he comes from a wealthy family even though they know Nila loves Vijay (Shri Mahadev) and wants to focus on her career. On her wedding day, she leaves a note for her father and leaves for Pondicherry to be with Vijay. Diya's father, Sathyamoorthy (Supergood Kannan), forces Diya to pretend to be Nila and marry Praveen for the sake of the family's reputation. After the wedding ceremony is over, Diya's boyfriend Aravind (Dharish) comes as a guest and discovers the twin switch. He tries to help Diya stand up to her parents because she can be a bit of a pushover.

Meanwhile, Nila marries Vijay, but he is killed in a road accident on the wedding day and she becomes a widow. Vijay's relatives, except for her father in law and brother in law, blame her for his death. She tries to return home but her mother Gayathri almost kills her in a fit of rage. Her father Saythamoorthy pretends to disown her to save her from her mother's wrath. Nila returns to Pondicherry with her father in law and earns the love and respect of her in-laws by saving her mother in law's life.

Diya wants to tell the truth and leave Praveen's house but her parents abandon her for some time and then emotionally blackmail her into keeping the secret. Aravind is brainwashed by his sister in law, Kavitha, who is very greedy and believes that Diya has betrayed him for money and consequently plans to get revenge on her. Diya also discovers that Aravind took money from her parents to stay quiet about the twin switch that results in her resenting him as well. During this time, Praveen constantly bothers Diya to accept him and claims to be in love with her even though he knows nothing about her, not even her real name. Diya eventually also falls in love with him. Diya understands Praveen's love for her and she accepts for the first night function where Diya and Praveen are supposed to consummate their marriage. Diya is a girl who believes in the concept of marriage. She even expressed her corroboration for it when she once mentioned it to Manasa stating that whatever wish a woman may have, a woman's life begins only with marriage. She goes on to say that a woman indeed is the one who takes care of the family along with bearing children that ensures the continuity of the family lineage with future generations. Aravind becomes furious after discovering that Diya and Praveen have consummated their marriage

Manasa, Praveen's sister falls in love with Aravind, who pretends to be in love with her so that he can attempt to marry her with the ulterior motives of becoming part of a rich family in order to get an employment at Manasa's father's company. He manipulates the whole family against Diya who tries everything to prove Aravind is a bad guy. Diya tries to stop their engagement by telling the truth about the twin switch to save Manasa from Aravind's trickery but her mother pushes her down the stairs and she falls into a coma. Nila also comes home in this time to try and help Diya stop the Aravind-Manasa engagement. Sathyamurthy and Gayathri emotionally blackmail Nila into pretending to be Praveen's wife until the engagement is over so Diya doesn't lose more respect in the family. After the engagement they learn that the doctor is uncertain if Diya will ever regain her consciousness.

Nila decides to keep up the facade as Praveen's wife until Diya wakes up so that she can stop Aravind and Kavitha's evil plan. Praveen claims to be in love with Nila but he doesn't even know which twin she is and tries to sleep with both of them. He gets very mad that Nila isn't interested in him and gets angry at her whenever she tries to help the rest of the family but not pay attention to him.

Kavitha, Aravind and Manimaaran(the union leader of Praveen's company) come up with a plan to scam the company. Aravind's brother Prabhakhar doesn't like their plan so he tries to expose the truth, but they keep him captive and eventually kill him. They also turn everyone in the family against Nila and she is made to leave the house until Manasa & Aravind's wedding is over. Diya wakes up from the coma and is very mad at Nila for her actions and wants Praveen back even though Praveen doesn't even recognize her as his real wife when she goes to meet him. Eventually Nila proves Kavitha, Aravind and Manimaaran were involved in murdering Prabhakhar, and Kavitha is arrested. Aravind goes to Praveen's house to tell the entire family the truth about the wedding day and twin switch before he also gets arrested. At the same time, Nila and Diya are heading to Praveen's house to tell them about Kavitha's arrest and try to get Diya back in the house as Praveen's wife the fake Nila. Aravind gets arrested because he tries to shoot Praveen but Nila saves Praveen and got shot in the neck. After a sequence of events, Praveen parents engaged Manasa to Vasanth. During Manasa and Vasanth's engagement everyone is aware of the truth concerning Nila and Diya.

Praveen's family is once again angry with Diya's family, and expels Diya from the family. Praveen's mother manipulates Praveen to file a mutual divorce or else would lodge a complaint with the police on the Nila and Diya incident of switching identities. Praveen agrees for a mutual divorce, and Diya simply accepts it. Praveen's mother finds a bride, Sandhya for Praveen once the divorce is finalised. Sandhya meets Diya and asks Diya to be her maid of honour which Diya accepts. Praveen realizes he loves Diya but is unable to express it because of his mother's pressure and persistence to marry Sandhya. Following a series of events, Sandhya and Nila make plans to test Praveen's love for Diya. The divorce was granted for Diya and Praveen. At the wedding, Sandhya says she cannot marry Praveen because Praveen has given his heart to Diya. Sandhya pushes Diya meanwhile Praveen ties the knot. The show ends with Diya saying she is pregnant.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Mounika Devi as Nila Vijay and Diya Praveen (dual role)
* Amruth Kalam as Praveen Rajendran (Diya's husband)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-gets-a-unique-twist/articleshow/63344941.cms|title=Avalum Naanum gets a unique twist|work=The Times of India |date=18 March 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320053740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avalum-naanum-gets-a-unique-twist/articleshow/63344941.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Dharish as Aravind (Diya's ex-boyfriend, main antagonist)
* Shri Mahadev as Vijay Ravishankar (Nila's husband, died in the serial, Ep: 1-34)

=== Nila's & Diya's family===
* Supergood Kannan as Sathyamurthy (Nila's, Diya's father)
* Sri Latha as Gayathri Sathyamurthy (Nila's, Diya's mother)

=== Praveen's family ===
* Kiru Baji as Parvathy Rajendran (Praveen's mother)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/123687-i-worked-with-kamal-sir-in-an-advt-avalum-naanum-kiruba|title=''சீரியலில் நான் கொஞ்சம் கோபக்கார மாமியார்தான்!'' - 'அவளும் நானும்' கிருபா|first=வெ வித்யா|last=காயத்ரி|date=30 April 2018|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref>
* Shyam Gopal (Ep: 1-167) and Shridhar (Ep: 168-380) as Rajendran (Praveen's father)
* Reshma Reshu as Swetha (Praveen's elder sister)
* Koushik as Sundeep (Swetha's husband)
* [[Dharsha Gupta]] (Ep: 5-124) and Preethi (Ep: 125-185) and Suju Vasan (Ep: 186-266) and Fouziee (Ep: 267-380) as Manasa (Praveen's younger sister)
* Santhosh as Dinesh (Praveen's cousin, Ep: 69-70)

=== Aravind's family ===
* S.Kavitha as Kavitha Prabhakar (Aravind's sister-in-law, antagonist, Ep: 46-308)
* Neelakandan as Prabhakar (Aravind's elder brother, died in the serial, Ep: 46-225)

=== Vijay's family ===
* Sanjay Saravanan as Vasanth Kumar (Vijay's cousin)
* [[Sathyapriya]] as Bhanumathi (Vijay's, Vasanth's grandmother)
* Guru Hawkman as Ravishankar (Vijay's father and Nila's father in Law)
* Banu Bharathwaj as Madhavi Ravishankar (Vijay's mother)
* Balasubramani (Ep: 3-158) and Unknown (Ep: 263-380) as Umashankar (Vasanth's father, antagonist)
* Baby Joyce as Mythili Umashankar (Vasanth's mother)

=== Others===
* Dhivya Sri Rengaraja as Sandhya (Ep: 347-380)
* Moses R Wilky as Manimaaran

== Production ==
Upcoming artist Mounika and Amruth who play the lead roles, are making their Tamil-language debuts with the series. Mounika Devi, who grew up in [[Andhra Pradesh]], found it difficult to speak Tamil for her role.<ref name="M">{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/117903-avalum-naanum-serial-actress-mounikaa-says-about-her-dual-role-acting-experience|title="இரட்டை வேடத்துல நடிக்கும்போது இதெல்லாம் ரொம்ப முக்கியம்!" - 'அவளும் நானும்' மெளனிகா|first=வெ வித்யா|last=காயத்ரி|date=1 March 2018|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref> She played dual roles in the series and found it difficult to convincingly play both roles during the same take.<ref name="M"/>

== Controversy ==
Following an issue regarding the trending [[MeToo movement in India|#MeToo]] at the time between the director Dhanush and Mounika, the director left the series in February 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/150299-avalum-nanum-director-dhanush-quit-from-serial|title='என்ன நடந்ததுன்னு புரொடியூசரிடம் கேட்டுக்கோங்க!'- 'அவளும் நானும்' மௌனிகா பதில்|first=அய்யனார்|last=ராஜன்|date=21 February 2019|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt10196062}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television series about sisters]]
[[Category:Television series about twins]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Jat Gazette

2025-11-09T18:23:35Z

BP Writer: creating entry

{{Short description|Hindi language newspaper}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Jat Gazette
| image = Jat gazette ff.jpg
| caption =
| type = Weekly [[newspaper]]
| format =
| owners =
| Founder =
| editor =
| founded = 
| political_position = [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| headquarters = [[Rohtak]] Haryana
| circulation = 1500 (1st issue)
| sister_newspapers =
| website =
}}

'''Jat Gazette''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jat Gazette newspaper, which started before independence, is going to complete 106 years |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/brand-focus/the-jat-gazette-newspaper-which-started-before-independence-is-going-to-complete-106-years |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jat Gazette newspaper started by Sir Chhotu Ram is going to complete 106 years |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/india/the-jat-gazette-newspaper-started-by-sir-chhotu-ram-is-going-to-complete-106-years |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Chitleen K. |date=2020-12-24 |title='Backing farmers not anti-party' — grandad's legacy drives Jat dynast from BJP to join protest |url=https://theprint.in/politics/backing-farmers-not-anti-party-grandads-legacy-drives-jat-dynast-from-bjp-to-join-protest/571743/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-24 |title=दीन के बंधु, किसान के मसीहा-छोटू राम |url=http://www.navodayatimes.in/news/khabre/brother-of-din-the-farmers-messiah-chhotu-ram/100681/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.navodayatimes.in |language=hindi}}</ref> was a [[Hindi language]] newspaper published in India. Started on 30 May 1916, from [[Rohtak]] (now [[Haryana]]), the weekly newspaper was published every Tuesday by [[Chhotu Ram]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-07 |title=Haryana Elections: Battle Between a 'Non-Confident' BJP and 'Fractured' Congress |url=https://www.newsclick.in/haryana-elections-battle-non-confident-BJP-fractured-congress |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who was Sir Chhotu Ram? |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/sir-chhotu-ram |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |date=13 October 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907012221/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/sir-chhotu-ram |url-status=dead }}</ref> This newspaper has now also taken the form of digital media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Other Records {{!}} Archives Department Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://haryanaarchives.gov.in/other-records/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Brij Kishore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlsPnV87QLoC&dq=jat+gazette&pg=PA83 |title=Social, Economic and Political Contribution of Caste Associations in Northern India: A Case Study of All India Jat Mahasabha |date=2008 |publisher=Har Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1412-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://jatgazette.in/about-us/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Jat Gazette |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017070207/https://www.jatgazette.in/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
In 1916, weekly 'Jat Gazette' – Apart from schools, Ch. [[Chhotu Ram]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regional Vignettes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99dec25/saturday/regional.htm#8 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> also did the work of bringing awareness among the farmers through newspapers and articles. For this purpose a newspaper named 'Jat Gazette' was brought out. Rs 1500 for the expenditure was given by Rai Bahadur Choudhary Kanhaiyalal of village Matanhel for the first publication and 'Jat Gazette' weekly started.

The first editor of the Jat Gazette was Pt. Sudarshan ji, the second Pt. Shri Ram Sharma's father, Pt. Bishambharnath Sharma, Jhajjar Wale, the third Ch. Molad Singh who was very enthusiastic. In 1924, Shadiram Yatri became the editor and then Chhoturam Dalal village Chhahra and since 2014 Dharam Singh Sampalwal is the advocate editor.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in India]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Premiership of V. P. Singh

2025-10-30T15:06:18Z

BP Writer:

{{Short description|VP Singh's government}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox premiership|name=Premiership of Vishwanath Pratap Singh|predecessor=[[Rajiv Gandhi]]|term_end=10 November 1990{{Sfn|Hewitt|2007|p=89}}|vicepresident=[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]|president=[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]|cabinet=[[V. P. Singh ministry]]|party=[[Janata Dal]]|election=[[1989 Indian general election]]|term_start=2 December 1989|seat=[[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]|successor=[[Chandra Shekhar]]|image=File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg|incoming=[[Chandra Shekhar#Prime Minister|Chandra Shekhar premiership]]|outgoing=[[Rajiv Gandhi#Prime Minister of India|Rajiv Gandhi premiership]]|official_url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-vishwanath-pratap-singh/|archive_url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155904/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-vishwanath-pratap-singh/|seal=File:Emblem_of_India.svg|seal_caption='''[[National emblem of India]]'''|library_url=https://dl.acm.org/profile/81487647157|transition_url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-vishwanath-pratap-singh/}}
[[File:Vishwanath Pratap Singh taking the oath as the 8th Prime Minister of India.jpg|thumb|Vishwanath Pratap Singh taking the oath of office as India's 8th Prime Minister on 2 December 1989]]
'''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]''' held office for slightly less than a year, from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990. After state legislative elections in March 1990, Singh's governing coalition achieved control of both houses of India's parliament. Singh becomes the [[List of prime ministers of India|7th]] [[Prime Minister of India]], after the loss of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in the [[1989 Indian general election]]. Singh's newly formed [[National Front (India)]] won 143 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]] and was supported by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from outside.

Under his premiership there were made many bold acts such as [[Mandal Commission|Mandal commission]], which lead to a [[Mandal Commission protests of 1990|nation-wide protests]] and also social empowerment act like [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|SC and ST Act, 1989]]. The [[exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]] was also a turning effect for his voting side. There was also a tussle between him and [[Reliance Industries]].

His tenure ended on 10 November 1990, after [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] withdrew their support after stoppage of [[Ram Rath Yatra]] and arrest of party president, [[L. K. Advani]]. [[Chandra Shekhar]] immediately seized the moment and left the Janata Dal with several of his own supporters (including [[Devi Lal]], [[Janeshwar Mishra]], [[H. D. Deve Gowda|HD Deve Gowda]], [[Maneka Gandhi]], [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]], [[Subodh Kant Sahay]], [[Om Prakash Chautala]], [[Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)|Hukam Singh]], [[Chimanbhai Patel]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Yashwant Sinha]], [[Vidya Charan Shukla|VC Shukla]], and [[Sanjaya Sinh|Sanjay Singh]]) to form the [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|Samajwadi Janata Party/Janata Dal (Socialist)]]. Although [[Chandra Shekhar]] had a mere 64 MPs, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] the leader of the Opposition, agreed to support him on the floor of the House; so he won a confidence motion and was sworn in as Prime Minister.

== Taking the office ==
[[File:Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg|left|thumb|Details of seats attained by [[Political party]] in [[1989 Indian general election]].]]

{{Main|1989 Indian general election}}
The 1989 Indian general elections were held because the previous Lok Sabha has been in power for five years, and the constitution allowed for new elections. Even though [[Rajiv Gandhi]] had won the last election by a landslide, this election saw him trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.{{Efn|[[1989 Indian general election|1989 elections]] were considered as a lucky charm for the '''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|Singh]]''' in the politics on defeating the [[Rajiv Gandhi]].|name=|group=lower-alpha}}

The [[Bofors scandal]], rising terrorism in Punjab, the [[Sri Lankan Civil War|civil war]] between [[LTTE]] and Sri Lankan government were just some of the problems that stared at Rajiv's government.{{Efn|After the [[Bofors scandal]], Singh one of the biggest mates of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] became his biggest critic.({{harvnb|Mustafa|p=78}})|name=|group=lower-alpha}} Singh was [[Rajiv Gandhi|Rajiv's]] biggest critic was, who had held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defense ministry in the government.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 November 1989|first=Uttam|last=Sengupta|title=Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19891130-elections-1989-congressi-faces-prospect-of-being-routed-in-bihar-816812-1989-11-30|access-date=2020-12-23|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the [[Lok Sabha]]. He formed the [[Jan Morcha]] with [[Arun Nehru]] and [[Arif Mohammad Khan]] and re-entered the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]. Witnessing [[V P Singh]]'s meteoric rise on the national stage, Rajiv tried to counter him with another prominent [[Rajput]] stalwart [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha|Satyendra Narain Singh]] but failed eventually.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=U. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|date=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|pages=125|language=en}}</ref>

Singh, who was the head of the [[Janata Dal]], was chosen leader of the [[National Front (India)|National Front government]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saksena|first=N. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9NszWp5fdYC|title=India, Towards Anarchy, 1967-1992|date=1993|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-296-3|language=en}}</ref> And on 26 November he sworn the position.
{{clearleft}}
== Timeline ==

* 26 November 1989 - Singh's coalition of parties won 143 seats and was supported by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].
* 2 December 1989 - Singh swore as the 8th Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tully|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Tully|date=2008-12-03|title=Obituary: VP Singh|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/03/vp-singh-obituary|access-date=2020-12-23|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
* 8 December 1989 - [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed]] by Kashmiri militants.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 February 2004|title=14 yrs down, JKLF admits Rubaiya kidnap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/14-yrs-down-JKLF-admits-Rubaiya-kidnap/articleshow/484093.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109123431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/484093.cms|archive-date=2018-01-09|access-date=2020-12-23|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
* 13 December 1989 - Release of 5 terrorists of [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Crossette|first=Barbara|date=1989-12-14|title=Abducted Woman Freed in Kashmir|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/14/world/abducted-woman-freed-in-kashmir.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625132454/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/14/world/abducted-woman-freed-in-kashmir.html|archive-date=2018-06-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* 16 December 1989 - Passing of [[Sixty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India]] in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-03-01|title=The Constitution of India (1949)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013102/http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/E.pdf|url-access=limited|url=http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/E.pdf|archive-date=2013-12-03|access-date=2020-12-23|website=[[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Secretariat]]|page=1091}}</ref>
* 29 December 1989 - Passing of [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Supreme Court: SC/ST Amendment Act Constitutionally Valid, No Preliminary Enquiry for FIR|url=https://thewire.in/caste/sc-st-amendment-act-supreme-court|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803202537/https://thewire.in/caste/sc-st-amendment-act-supreme-court|archive-date=2020-08-03|access-date=2020-12-23|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref>
* 21 January 1990 – 13 February 1990 - Insurgency in Kashmir on Hindus increased leading to [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|mass exodus]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Metcalf|first1=Barbara|title=A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge and New York: [[Cambridge University Press]]. Pp. xxxiii, 372|isbn=978-0-521-68225-1|ref={{sfnref|Metcalf & Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India|2006}}|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|author-link2=Thomas R. Metcalf|author-link1=Barbara Metcalf}}</ref>
* 29 July 1990 - Implementation of [[Mandal Commission]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Pawan Kumar|last2=Parthi|first2=Komila|date=2016-08-01|title=Reproductive health services in Punjab: Evidence of access for Scheduled Castes and non-Scheduled Castes|journal=Social Change|volume=34|issue=2|pages=40–65|language=en|doi=10.1177/004908570403400204|issn=0049-0857|s2cid=146674412}}</ref>
* August 1990 - [[Mandal Commission protests of 1990]] all over the nation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gehlot|first=N. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-c0nGTRxRIC&q=mandal+commission+and+mandalisation&pg=PA257|title=Current Trends in Indian Politics|date=1998|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-798-1|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Mustafa|loc={{small|(intro.)}}}}
* 19 September 1990 - Self-immolation of [[Rajiv Goswami]].<ref>{{Cite web|website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India | title=Pioneer of anti-Mandal stir Rajiv Goswami dead | date= 25 February 2004|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040225/main6.htm|access-date=2020-12-23}}</ref>
* 12 September 1990 - Starting of [[Ram Rath Yatra]] by [[L. K. Advani]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=2009|title=The Hindu nationalist reinterpretation of pilgrimage in India: the limits of Yatra politics|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2009.00364.x|journal=Nations and Nationalism|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=1–19|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8129.2009.00364.x|issn=1469-8129|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* 23 October 1990 - Arrest of [[L. K. Advani]] on order of [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|Singh]].{{Sfn|Hewitt|2007|p=76}}
* 30 October 1990 - Anti-Singh movement in [[BJP]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Crossette|first=Barbara|date=1990-10-30|title=India Ready to Bar Hindu Move Today|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/30/world/india-ready-to-bar-hindu-move-today.html|access-date=2020-12-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* 7 November 1990 - Resignation of Singh after no-confidence with a vote of 356 to 151.<ref>Following his opposition to the [[Ram Rath Yatra]], the BJP withdrew its support for the National Front, and his government lost the [[Motion of no confidence|vote of no-confidence]]. Singh resigned on 7 November 1990. His prime ministerial tenure lasted for 343 days.({{Harvard citation no brackets|Mustafa|p=i-iii}})</ref>

== Premiership ==
{{Main|Vishwanath Pratap Singh#Prime Minister (1989 – 90)}}

== See also ==

* [[V. P. Singh ministry]]
* [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== Sources ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book|last=Mustafa|first=Seema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEpuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Lonely Prophet: V.P. Singh, a Political Biography|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]|year=1995|isbn=8122408095|location=[[University of Michigan]], [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]]|oclc=33664491|ref={{SfnRef|Mustafa}}|author-link=Seema Mustafa}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Vernon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh6yVyWM4pwC|title=Political Mobilisation and Democracy in India{{small|(States of Emergency)}}|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2007|isbn=9781134097623}}

== External links ==

* {{cite report|title= Statistical report on general elections, 1989, to the Ninth Lok Sabha | volume= I | publisher= Election Commission of India| place= New Delhi | date=1990 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|access-date=25 May 2014}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, V. P.}}
[[Category:Indian premierships]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:1990s in India]]

Shadaab Faridi

2025-10-24T12:38:19Z

BP Writer: creating a article

{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Music|date=December 2018}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=June 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Shadab Faridi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Shadab Faridi
| alias =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Saharanpur]], India
| origin =
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = Pop, Sufi,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Bollywood/2016-03-14/Sufi-Singer-Shadab-Faridi-Wins-Millionheartsfor-his-song-in-Neerja-Bajirao-Mastani/213587|title=Sufi Singer Shadab Faridi Wins Millionhearts for his song in Neerja, Bajirao Mastani|website=Thehansindia.com|date=15 March 2016 |accessdate=29 December 2018}}</ref> Dance
| occupation = Playback singer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/78accd62-ca90-4618-967c-5c0dee4e6e3d|title=Shadab Faridi - New Songs, Playlists & Latest News - BBC Music|website=BBC|accessdate=29 December 2018}}</ref>
| years_active = 2010–present
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
}}

'''Shadab Faridi'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/when-shadab-faridi-met-amitabh-bachchan/17071151|title=When Shadab Faridi met Amitabh Bachchan|date=25 March 2016|website=Mid-day.com|accessdate=29 December 2018}}</ref> is an Indian playback singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/160817-shadab-faridi-sings-pakistani-film|title=Shadab Faridi sings for Pakistani film|website=Radioandmusic.com|accessdate=29 December 2018}}</ref> from [[Saharanpur]], [[India]]. Shadab appeared on the Indian reality show [[Music Ka Maha Muqqabla]] A classically trained singer, Shadab's first commercial success came with "Sultan (Title Track)" in the 2016 film ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'', starring [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sultan-fame-singer-shadab-faridi-to-croon-for-a-pakistani-film-1282739.html|title=Sultan Fame Singer Shadab Faridi to Croon For a Pakistani Film|website=News18.com|date=18 August 2016|accessdate=22 June 2022}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==

{| class="wikitable"
!'''Award'''
!Year
!Song/Film
!Won/Nominated
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|2015
|440 Volt
| (Nominated)
|-
|[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
|2015
|Jashn-e-Ishqa
| (Nominated)
|-
|[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
|2015
|Man Kunto Maula
| (Nominated)
|-
|[[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]
|2016
|
| Non Film (Nominated)
|}

==Discography==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Music director !! Co-singer(s) !! Notes !! References
|-
|2006 || Tere Ishq Mein ||''[[Jawani Diwani: A Youthful Joyride]]'' || [[Sajid-Wajid]] || || ||
|-
|rowspan=5|2012|| Bipasha|| ''[[Jodi Breakers]]'' || [[Salim–Sulaiman]] ||[[Shraddha Pandit]]|| ||
|-
|| Dariya Ho ||''[[Kamaal Dhamaal Malamaal]]'' || [[Sajid-Wajid]] || [[Monali Thakur]] || ||
|-
|| Dil Mera Muft Ka|| ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' || [[Pritam]] || [[Nandini Srikar]], [[Shabab Sabri]], Muazzem Beg, Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
|| Dagabaaz Naina || ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' || [[Sajid-Wajid]] || [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]] || ||
|-
|| Tambai Sa Rang || ''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]'' || [[Salim-Sulaiman]] || [[Salim Merchant]] || ||
|-
|rowspan=4|2013 || Sajna Ve Sajna Ve || ''[[Mickey Virus]]'' || Hanif Shaikh|| || ||
|-
|| Dilli || ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'' || [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]||[[Arijit Singh]] || [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ||
|-
|| Laahu Muh Laag Gaya ||''[[Goliyon Ki Rasleela Ram-Leela]]''|| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] || [[Shail Hada]], Osman Mir, Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
|| Maula || ''[[Raqt]]'' || [[Daboo Malik]] || || ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2014|| Enthaaraa Enthaaraa || ''[[Thirumanam Enum Nikkah]]'' || [[M. Ghibran]] || [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||
|-
|| Jashn-e-Ishqa || ''[[Gunday]]'' || [[Sohail Sen]] ||[[Javed Ali]]|| ||
|-
|rowspan=5|2015|| Ishq Ke Parindey || ''[[Ishq Ke Parindey]]'' || Sajjad Ali || || ||
|-
|| "Mohabbath" || ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' || [[Vidyasagar (composer)]] || || ||
|-
|| "Ishq Karenge" || ''[[Bangistan]]'' || [[Ram Sampath]] ||[[Sona Mohapatra]], Abhishek Naiwal|| ||
|-
|| "Aayat" ||
[[Bajirao Mastani]]
|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
| [[Arijit Singh]], Altamash Faridi, Mujtaba Aziz Naza, [[Shadab Faridi]], Farhan Sabri || ||
|-
|| "Behki" || ''[[Yaara Silly Silly]]'' || [[Ankit Tiwari]] ||Mehak Suri|| ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2016 || "Sultan" (Title Track) || [[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]|||[[Vishal–Shekhar]] || [[Sukhwinder Singh]] ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/sultan-singer-shadab-faridi-sings-for-pakistani-film-2980890/|title=Sultan singer Shadab Faridi sings for Pakistani film|date=17 August 2016|website=Indianexpress.com|accessdate=29 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
||"Gehra Ishq" || [[Neerja]] || Vishal Khurana || [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], Farhan Sabri || ||
|-
|2017 || "Lambiyaan Si Judaiyaan" || ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'' || [[JAM8]] || [[Arijit Singh]], Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
|rowspan=3|2018|| "Oh Bhai Re" || ''[[Andhadhun]]''||| [[Amit Trivedi]]||Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
|"Tu Meri Main Tera" || ''[[Namaste England]]'' || [[Mannan Shaah]] || [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
|"Swag Saha Nahi" || ''[[Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi]]''
|rowspan=4|[[Sohail Sen]] || [[Neha Bhasin]] || ||
|-
|rowspan=3|2019 || "Ladies Paan"
|rowspan=2|''[[Fraud Saiyaan]]''
|| [[Mamta Sharma]], [[Shahid Mallya]] || ||
|-
|"Fraud Saiyaan Title Track" || || ||
|-
|"Chammo" || ''[[Housefull 4]]'' || [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]] || ||
|-
|rowspan=5|2022
|"Tur Kalleyan" ||''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]'' || [[Pritam]] || [[Arijit Singh]], Altamash Faridi || ||
|-
||"Ji Huzoor"
|rowspan=4|''[[Shamshera]]''
|rowspan=4|[[Mithoon]] || [[Aditya Narayan]]|| ||
|-
||"Kaale Naina" || [[Neeti Mohan]], [[Sudesh Bhosale]] || ||
|-
||"Aethukkoa" - Tamil '''(D)'''
|
|Tamil Dub
|
|-
||"Ji Huzoor" - Telugu '''(D)'''
|
|Telegu Dub
|
|-
|rowspan=6|2023
|"Tere Vaaste"
|''[[Zara Hatke Zara Bachke]]''
|[[Sachin-Jigar]]
|Varun Jain, Altamash Faridi
|
|
|-
|"Ve Kamleya"
|rowspan=3| ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
|rowspan=3|[[Pritam]]
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Altamash Faridi]]
|
|
|-
|"Ve Kamleya (Sufi Version)"
|[[Asees Kaur]], Altamash Faridi
|
|
|-
|"Ve Kamleya (Redux)"
|Tushar Joshi, Shreya Ghoshal, Altamash Faridi
|
|
|-
|"Tere Ishq Mein"
|''[[Gadar 2]]''
|[[Mithoon]]
|[[Neeti Mohan]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], Altamash Faridi, Sahil Akhtar, Shehnaz Akhtar
|
|
|-
|"Main Tera Rasta Dekhunga"
|[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]
|[[Pritam]]
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Altamash Faridi
|
|
|-
|
|"Main Tera Rasta Dekhunga" (Film Version)
|[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]
|[[Pritam]]
|Altamash Faridi
|
|
|-
| 2025
| Rabba Ishq Na Hove 2.0
|[[Andaaz 2]]
|Nadeem Saifi
| Palak Muchhal, Asees Kaur
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faridi, Shadab}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of Odia films of 1971

2025-09-15T05:46:54Z

BP Writer: new a stub

{{Short description|None}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
A list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1971:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes !! Source !! [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]]
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1971 in film|1971]]'''
|-
|''[[Sansaar (1971 Oriya film)|Sansaar]]''||[[Gour Ghose]], [[Parbati Ghose]] || [[Gour Ghose]], [[Chapala (actor)|Chapala]] / [[Parbati Ghose]]|| || [[Parbati Ghose]] was the first female filmmaker of [[Odisha]] || <ref> {{ cite web |url=https://www.gourparbati.com/filmography.php|title= GourParbati|publisher=GPGenterprise.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/hubby-helped-not-industry-filmmaker/cid/273414|title=Hubby helped, not industry: Filmmaker|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref>
|U
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1971 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1971]]
[[Category:Lists of 1971 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1971 in Indian cinema|Films, Ollywood]]
[[Category:1970s in Orissa]]

Ward No. 119, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

2025-09-08T02:41:12Z

BP Writer: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement



|name = Ward No. 119
|official_name =
|other_name =
|native_name = 
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Kolkata Municipal Corporation
|total_type = 
|motto =

|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=India/West Bengal/Kolkata/Ward No. 119, KMC.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 119
|pushpin_map = India Kolkata
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{IND}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = City
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type3 = Neighbourhoods
|subdivision_name3 = [[Behala]] (James Long Sarani-Sahapur-Railway Colony)
|subdivision_type4 = Reservation
|subdivision_name4 = Women(Open)
|subdivision_type5 = Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name5 = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
|subdivision_type6 = Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name6 = [[Behala Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Behala Paschim]]

|seat_type = Borough
|seat = 13
|parts_type =
|parts_style = 
|parts = 
|p1 =
|p2 = 

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = 
|established_date =

|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =

|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_min_m =

|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 16,491
|population_density_km2 = 

|timezone = IST
|utc_offset = +5:30
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coor_type = 
|coordinates = {{coord|22.503833|N|88.322806|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[West Bengal]]}}|display=inline,title}}

|postal_code_type = PIN
|postal_code = 700 038
|area_code = +91 33
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Ward No. 119, Kolkata Municipal Corporation''' is an administrative division of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] in Borough No. 13, covering parts of [[Behala]] (James Long Sarani-Sahapur-Railway Colony) neighbourhoods in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
The establishment and evolution of Kolkata Municipal Corporation followed a long process starting from around the middle of the 19th century. The Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 and certain steps taken thereafter saw the addition of peripheral areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city to the corporation area. In 1888, there were 75 commissioners, 50 of whom were elected, 15 appointed by the government and 10 nominated from bodies like Chambers of Commerce, Trades Associations and the Port Commissioners. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. The adjacent municipalities of Cossipore, Chitpore, Manicktola and Garden Reach, as well as the New Dock Extension area, were amalgamated with Kolkata. Garden Reach was later taken out.<ref name= kmc1>{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCAboutKolkataHome.jsp|title= A walk down memory lane | work= About Kolkata | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=kmc2>{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MunicipalHistoryHome.jsp|title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation | work= Kolkata - a municipal history | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}</ref>

Post-independence developments saw the introduction of adult franchise in municipal elections in 1962. The number of wards increased from 75 to 100. Tollygunge was merged with Kolkata in 1953. The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980, which came into effect in 1984, extended the boundaries of Kolkata by incorporating South Suburban, Garden Reach and Jadavpur municipalities into it. With the addition of Joka to Kolkata, the number of wards rose to 144.<ref name= kmc1/><ref name=kmc2/>

==Geography==
Ward No. 119 is bordered on the north by New Alipore Block K; on the east by Joy Krishna Paul Road, Sahapur Main Road and Barikpara Road; on the south by Roy Bahadur A.C.Roy Road; and on the west by Diamond Harbour Road.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/mwards.html |title= Municipal Wards| publisher= Yellow Pages.com|access-date = 4 June 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Ward no. 119 in Kolkata Municipal Corporation.svg|thumb|Location of Ward No. 119 in Kolkata Ward Map]]
The ward is served by [[Behala#Police district|Behala]] police station of [[Kolkata Police Force|Kolkata Police]].<ref name="police">{{cite web| url = http://www.kolkatapolice.gov.in/division.asp?ID=9&Division=B|title = Kolkata Police |work = South West Division | publisher= KP| access-date = 21 March 2018}}</ref><ref>Kolkata: Detail Maps of 141 Wards with Street Directory, Fourth Impression 2003, Map No. 89, D.P. Publication and Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata-700 073.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title= Table 3 District Wise List of Statutory Towns (Municipal Corporation, Municipality, Notified Area and Cantonment Board), Census Towns and Outgrowths, West Bengal, 2001 |access-date= 12 February 2018 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163402/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

[[Behala#Police district|Behala Women police station]] covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the [[Divisions of Kolkata Police|South West Division]], i.e. Sarsuna, Taratala, Behala, Parnasree, Thakurpukur and Haridevpur.<ref name="police"/>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Ward No. 119, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 16,491, of which 8,319 (50%) were males and 8,172 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,009. The total number of literates in Ward No. 119 was 14,559 (94.04% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2018 }}</ref>

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII B |work = Page 25: District Highlights, 2011 Census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref> The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 63-64: Literacy Rate | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in KMC wards|collapsible=y}}
Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see [[Kolkata district#Demographics|Kolkata district]].

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map on third page plus demographic data about all the wards in the handbook | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref>

==Election highlights==
The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of [[Behala Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 4 June 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election year!!Constituency!!Name of councillor!!Party affililiation
|-
|2005||Ward No. 119||Ashoka Mondal||[[All India Trinamool Congress]]||<ref>Search the web for COUNCILLORS OF KOLKATA MUNICITIPAL CORPORATION. In the search list click on this. On clicking one gets an option for "List of KMC Councillors" at the bottom of the page. Press <Open> to get to Adobe Acrobat file.</ref>
|-
|2010||||Ashoka Mondal||All India Trinamool Congress||<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbsec.gov.in/(S(csnkqo55bqu3de55qcptl2ib))/Municipal/Detailed_Mun_KMC.aspx |title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation General Election Results 2010| publisher= Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2015||||Ashoka Mondal||All India Trinamool Congress||<ref>Prabahat Khabar, Hindi newspaper, print edition, 29 April 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://wbsec.gov.in/(S(knvrcje3wq5iuhzomlbppt55))/writereaddata/Orders/Municipal/1712-sec.pdf |title= Ward-wise winners| work= Gazette Notification | publisher= West Bengal State Election Commission|access-date = 4 June 2015}}</ref>
|}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/Southern fringes}}

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Municipal Corporation wards}}

[[Category:Municipal wards of Kolkata]]

Erode Junction railway station

2025-06-11T00:26:03Z

BP Writer: small refine content based on references and updated info after review

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Erode Junction 
| name_lang = en
| type = [[Commuter rail|Commuter]] and [[Regional rail]] station
| image = Erode-Junction-Railway-Station-ED.JPG
| alt =
| image_caption = Erode Junction railway station
| other_name =
| address = [[Erode]], [[Erode district]]
| borough = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|11.3263|N|77.7208|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| elevation =
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| manager =
| transit_authority =
| line = {{plainlist|
* [[Jolarpettai–Shoranur line]]
* [[Erode–Tiruchirappalli line]]
* [[Erode–Palani line]] (proposed)
}}
| distance = {{plainlist|
* {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} from {{stnlnk|Salem Junction}}
* {{convert|101|km|mi|abbr=on}} from {{stnlnk|Coimbatore Junction}}
}}
| platform = 4 [[Island platforms]]
| tracks = 22
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[At-grade railway|At-grade]]
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Available
| bicycle = Available
| accessible =
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| status =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = ED
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Salem}}
}}
| classification = Non-suburban 3 (NSG 3)
| website =
| opened = {{start date and age|1862}} 
| opening =
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1990
| former =
| original =
| years =
| events =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu#India
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu##Location in India
| route_map = {{Jolarpettai–Shoranur line|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
| footnotes =
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=12|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}

'''Erode Junction railway station''' (station code: ED<ref name="stn_code">{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=6 |date=2023–24}}</ref>) is an NSG–2 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Salem railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=2 |date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is the main railway junction serving the city of [[Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Erode Junction is one of the major railway Junction in [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]] and is located 3 km away from [[Erode Central Bus Terminus]]. There is an ISO certified [[Diesel Loco Shed, Erode|diesel locomotive shed]] and an [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|electric loco shed]] attached with Erode Junction.

==History==
The station was established in 1862 and was connected by the first electrified broad-gauge link from Chennai Central.

During Under the rule of [[British India]], a new line, gauge unspecified, is shown as proposed and construction from Erode to Nanjangud via Satyamangalam, Killegal and Chamrajanagar, to link up with Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Figure 7. Dynamics of ascending regimens.|doi=10.7554/elife.23061.012 |doi-access=free}}</ref> But it hadn't been materialized.

A recent survey has been undertaken in 2007 for the proposed 91.5 km section of [[Erode–Palani line]] project.

== Structure and layout ==
The station has four [[side platform]]s and can handle up to 165 trains.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=S. Senthil |title=‘No decision on train diversion via Podanur’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Feb/23/no-decision-on-train-diversion-via-podanur |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=23 February 2024 |location=Coimbatore |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Indian Railways WAP-4 class electric locomotive..JPG|thumb|200px|WAP-4 loco belonging to Electric Loco Shed, Erode]]

==Lines==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Line no.
!Towards
!Passing through
!Line
!Track / Type
|-
|1
|{{stnlnk|Palakkad Junction}}
|[[Tiruppur]], [[Coimbatore]]/[[Podanur]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jolarpettai–Shoranur line]]
| rowspan="2" |Broad gauge – Double track – Electrified
|-
|2
|{{stnlnk|Salem Junction}}
|[[Sankari]]
|-
|3
|{{stnlnk|Karur Junction}}
|[[Kodumudi]]
|[[Erode–Tiruchirappalli line]]
|Broad gauge – Single track – Electrified
|}

==Locomotive sheds==
{{see also|Diesel Loco Shed, Erode|Electric Loco Shed, Erode}}
Erode Junction loco shed is one among the very few stations in India which houses both diesel and electrical locomotives. Erode loco shed currently houses 350 electric and diesel locomotives,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/list?authenticity_token=ReK61Xl7XaF1VJapJ63USw3GU20HKtdaWEzVPl%2Bwz28%3D&page=1&shed_id=15|title=Loco list|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201231300/http://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/list?authenticity_token=ReK61Xl7XaF1VJapJ63USw3GU20HKtdaWEzVPl%2Bwz28%3D&page=1&shed_id=15|url-status=dead}}</ref> making it one of the largest loco sheds operated by [[Indian Railways]]. The ISO certified electric locomotive shed houses [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]] and [[WAP-7]] Locomotives. The diesel loco shed set up in 1962, houses over 120 [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]] and [[WDM-3A]], 11 [[WDP-4D]], 11 [[WDG-4]] (only GT46ACe wide cab versus) diesel locomotives. The trains passing through Erode junction often have a long technical halt in order to carry out engine swapping and maintenance checks.

== Projects and development ==
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under ''Amrit Bharat Station Scheme'' of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=AMRIT BHARAT STATIONS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |date=10 Feb 2023 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==
In 2019, the station was granted ISO–14001 certification for complying with NGT (nation Green Tribunal).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/5-rly-stations-in-salem-division-bag-iso-14001-certification/articleshow/70984599.cms|title=Salem junction gets ISO 14001 certification|last=ISO|first=Salem|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|39}}
{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Railway junction stations in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Erode district]]
[[Category:Salem railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1947]]
[[Category:Transport in Erode]]

{{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}

2016 Mahamaham

2025-05-13T12:15:44Z

BP Writer: Creating new info

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Mahamaham on tirttavari kumbeswarar temple25.jpg|thumb|400px|Processional deities of Kumbeswarar temple, atop the [[vahana]]]]
'''2016 Mahamaham''' (2016 மகாமகம்)<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta:2016 மகாமகம்]]</ref> is a recurring festival most recently celebrated at [[Kumbakonam]] in [[Thanjavur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], India from 13 February 2016 to 22 February 2016.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/01/28/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-/article3248945.ece "மகாமகம்: மாசி மாதத்தில் எந்த நாளில் புனித நீராடினாலும் முழுப் பலன் உண்டு':பக்தர்களை வரவேற்க தயார்நிலையில் அரசு நிர்வாகம், தினமணி", 28 ஜனவரி 2016]</ref> [[Mahamaham]], also known as ''Mahamagham'' or ''Mamangam'', is a [[Hindu]] festival celebrated every 12 years in the [[Mahamaham tank, Kumbakonam|Mahamaham tank]] in Kumbakonam.

==Background==
Anticipating a deluge that would destroy the world, the creator [[Brahma]] sought the help of the lord [[Shiva]], who created a pot containing nectar and the seeds of creation. Brahma decorated the pot with coconut, darbha, mango leaves, sacred thread, vastram and vilvam and performed worshipful puja, placing the pot atop the Meru Hill. When the deluge struck, the pot came to rest in Kumbakonam. Shiva, as a hunter, appeared and opened the pot, and nectar dispersed from it in different directions, emerging as sacred theertham water in the holy Potramarai tank [[Sarangapani temple, Kumbakonam|(Sarangapani temple)]] and [[Mahamaham tank, Kumbakonam|Mahamaham tank]].<ref name=hindu1>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-legend-behind-the-mahamagham-festival/article8253049.ece The 12 year wait for a dip, The Hindu, 18 February 2016]</ref>

==Bath in holy tank==
To bathe in the holy tank is said to bring good fortune. The tank has 20 wells named after 20 holy rivers flowing across the country. Belief holds that a dip in these wells rids one of a specific sin and confers a specific blessing to the devotee. Thousands of devotees took a dip in the Mahamaham tank on the opening day of the once-in-12 years gathering in the Thanjavur district.<ref name=htimes>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-kumbh-mela-of-the-south-mahamaham-begins-in-tamil-nadu/story-1P8TeSJBOX3jhRHlmKTURN.html The Kumbh Mela of the South: Mahamaham begins in Tamil Nadu Hindustan Times, 13 February 2016]</ref> The festival, with its tank bathing tradition, extends over 10 days (''Brahmothsavam''). The festivities are also observed with smaller crowds in the Magha month (about February) every year between the 12-year ''Maha'' (major) cycle. In interim years, the event is called the ''Masi-maham'' festival.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/devotees-take-holy-dip-in-mahamaham-tank/article26317867.ece Devotees take holy dip in Mahamaham tank], The Hindu (February 20, 2019)</ref> During festival days, devotees were permitted to bathe in the [[Mahamaham tank, Kumbakonam|Mahamaham tank]] from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.<ref name="dm12216"/> Because the tank's 20 wells are named after the country's holy rivers, devotees believe that to take a dip here during the festival is equivalent to bathing in all of these rivers.<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-nadu-braces-up-for-mahamaham-the-kumbh-mela-of-the-south-1278573 Tamil Nadu Braces Up For Mahamaham - The Kumbh Mela Of The South, NDTV, 19 February 2016]</ref>

People anticipated the 2016 festival for over a year. In connection with it [[Kumbhabhishekham|kumbabishegams]] rituals were held in many temples in Kumbakonam. On the auspicious first day, pandakkal muhurtham was held in many temples followed by hoisting of temples, [[Theppotsavam|float festival]] and tirttavari. On the last two days, (i.e., on 21 and 22 February 2016) all temples were opened from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. The 22nd of February 2016 was proclaimed a local holiday in the [[Thanjavur]], [[Nagapattinam]] and [[Tiruvarur]] districts.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/06/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%C2%A0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-22-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-/article3263785.ece மகாமகம் திருவிழா: வரும் 22-இல் தஞ்சை உள்பட 3 மாவட்டங்களுக்கு விடுமுறை, தினமணி, 6 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> On festival days the tank held only two feet of water for safety reasons.<ref name=htimes/> Even after the culmination of festival, devotees were found taking bath in the temple.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/29/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-5-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A/article3302526.ece குடந்தையில் ஒரே நாளில் 5 லட்சம் பக்தர்கள் புனித நீராடல், தினமணி, 29 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref><ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/03/07/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-3-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87/article3314428.ece மகாமகக் குளத்தில் 3 லட்சம் பேர் நீராடல், தினமணி, 7 மார்ச் 2016]</ref>

==Pandakkal muhurttham==
[[File:Kumbeswarar pandakkal.jpg|thumb|Pandakkal muhurttham in [[Adi Kumbeswarar Temple|Kumbeswarar Temple]]]]
In all temples connected with Mahamaham, on 24 January 2016, Pandakkal muhurttham was held, an event signifying the start of the festival.<ref>[http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE/article8150599.ece மகாமகம் கோயில்களில் பந்தல்கால் நடும் விழா, தி இந்து, 25 ஜனவரி 2016]</ref><ref name="dm1322016"/> The merging of holy water in the Mahamaham tank<ref name="dm1322016">[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/13/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9/article3274026.ece மகாமக விழா: கொடியேற்றத்துடன் இன்று தொடங்குகிறது, தினமணி, 13 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> k and opening of water in Mahamaham took place on 12 February 2016.<ref>[http://www.maalaimalar.com/2016/02/13072716/opening-of-water-pond-in-kumba.html நகராட்சி மேல்நிலை நீர்தேக்க தொட்டியில் இருந்து கும்பகோணம் மகாமக குளத்துக்கு தண்ணீர் திறப்பு, மாலை மலர், 13 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> To avoid a crowd and sudden rush, devotees were allowed to bathe before 6:00 a.m. on 13 February 2016.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/14/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87-%E0%AE%A8/article3276729.ece கொடியேற்றத்துக்கு முன்பே நீராடிய பொதுமக்கள்,தினமணி, 14 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> In 40 days over 45 lakh (4.5 million) devotees participated in the festival, and it concluded to the satisfaction of one and all.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/24/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D/article3293244.ece நிறைவாக முடிந்தது மகாமகம், தினமணி, 24 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Hoisting of temple flag==
In [[Shiva]] temples on 13 February 2016,<ref name="dm14216">[http://www.dinamani.com/religion/2016/02/14/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF/article3276249.ece கொடியேற்றத்துடன் தொடங்கியது மகாமகப் பெருவிழா! பக்தர்கள் புனித நீராடினர், தினமணி, 14 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> and in [[Vishnu]] temples on 14 February 2016 temple flags were hoisted.<ref name="dm14216"/><ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/14/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87-%E0%AE%A8/article3276729.ece மகாமகம்: 5 வைணவத் தலங்களில் கொடியேற்றம், தினமணி, 15 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>
In [[Adi Kumbeswarar Temple|Kumbeswarar Temple]], [[Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Nageswara Temple]], [[Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Kumbakonam|Kasi Viswanathar Temple]], [[Abimukeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Abimukeswarar Temple]], [[Kalahasteeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Kahahasteeswarar Temple]] and [[Someswaran Temple|Someswarar Temple]] festivities were held for 10 days. In Brahmotsavam and in [[Ekambeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Ekambareswarar Temple]], [[Gauthameswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Gowthameswarar Temple]], [[Kambatta Viswanathar Temple, Kumbakonam|Kambatta Visvanathar Temple]], [[Banapuriswarar Temple]], [[Kottaiyur Kodeeswarar Temple|Koteeswarar Temple]], and [[Amirthakadeswarar Temple, Sakkottai|Amirthakalasanathar Temple]] they were held for one day.<ref name="dm12216">[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/12/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF/article3272497.ece நாளை மகாமகப் பெருவிழா கொடியேற்றம்: பக்தர்கள் புனித நீராட அனுமதி, தினமணி, 12 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Chariot festival==
Arrangements were made for chariot festivals at the Abimukeswarar Temple and the Nageswarar Temple, and on 21 February 2016 at the Kumbeswarar Temple on 22 February 2016<ref>[http://www.maalaimalar.com/2016/02/13092152/vinayagar-murugan-ther-trial.html ஆதிகும்பேஸ்வரர் கோவிலை சேர்ந்த விநாயகர்- சுப்பிரமணியர் தேர்கள் வெள்ளோட்டம், மாலை மலர், 13 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> After four [[Mahamaham]]s, five temple chariots run at one stretch, at Kumbeswarar Temple.<ref>[http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-20%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D/article8206517.ece மகாமகப் பெருவிழா: நான்கு மகாமகத்துக்குப் பிறகு ஆதிகும்பேஸ்வரர் கோயிலில் பிப்ரவரி 20-ல் தேரோட்டம், தி இந்து, 8 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210419085417/https://temple.dinamalar.com/mahamaham/detail.php?id=52742 48 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு பிறகு.. ஆதிகும்பேஸ்வரர் கோயிலில் தேரோட்டம் கோலாகலம்!, தினமலர், 20 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> Chariot festivals of Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Abimukeswarar Temple and Nageswara Temple were held on 21 February 2016.<ref>[http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-10-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81/article8266931.ece கும்பகோணத்தில் இன்று மகாமக தீர்த்தவாரி: 10 லட்சம் பக்தர்கள் வருவார்கள் என எதிர்பார்ப்பு, தி இந்து, 22 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Tirttavari==
"Asthira Devar" — (‘Trishul’ with images of the respective Gods) of each temple were brought and ‘abishekams’ were performed. At the auspicious time, priests took the ‘Asthira Devars’ and immersed them in the tank and bathed, signaling the fulfillment of the "Theerthavari".<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/230216/theerthavari-day-over-10-lakh-take-mahamaham-dip-in-tamil-nadu.html Theerthavari day: Over 10 lakh take Mahamaham dip in Tamil Nadu, Deccan Chronicle, 23 February 2016]</ref><ref>[http://www.mahamaham.net/n/ Mahamaham Theerthavari]</ref>
The Tirttavari Trial for Tirttavari was held on 6 February 2016.<ref>[http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=11398&cat=3?Nid=11398 குடந்தையில் மகாமகம் விழா 13ல் துவக்கம், தினகரன், 6 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> For Shiva temples it was held on 22 February 2016 between 12:00 noon and 1:30 p.m. in the Mahamaham Tank. For five Vishnu temples it was held on the banks of [[Kaveri]]. Those five temples are [[Sarangapani Temple]], [[Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam|Chakrapani Temple]], [[Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Ramaswamy Temple]], [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Rajagopalaswamy Temple]], and Varahaperumal Temple.<ref name=hindu1/><ref name="dm10216">[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/10/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8/article3269199.eceமகாமக விழா: குடந்தையில் பிஎஸ்என்எல் சார்பில் வைஃபை, ஹாட் ஸ்பாட் வசதி அறிமுகம், தினமணி, 10 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> During Tirttavari, processional deities of 12 Shiva temples were kept on the [[Nandi bull|Nandi]] [[vahana]] and went around the town's main streets. Later, in the Mahamaham tank, special abisegam sprinkling rituals were held to [[Astra (weapon)|Astra]] devars, and Tirttavari was held. For five Vishnu temples, Tirttavari was held to astradevars at Sarangapani Tirttavari mandapa, near to Sakkarai ghat, known as Sakkara paditthurai in Tamil.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/02/23/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D/article3291541.ece?service=print மகாமகம் தீர்த்தவாரி லட்சக்கணக்கானோர் புனித நீராடல், தினமணி, 23 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Cultural programmes==
In connection with Mahamaham, exhibitions and cultural programmes were held in five places in Kumbakonam.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/16/5-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D/article3279754.ece 5 இடங்களில் கலை விழாக்கள், தினமணி, 16 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> From 13 February 2016 Government Exhibition was held in the ground of [[Town Higher Secondary School]].<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/10/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D.-13-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A/article3269972.eceகுடந்தையில் பிப். 13-ல் அரசு பொருட்காட்சி தொடக்கம், தினமணி, 10 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> A book exhibition was held from 20 February 2016.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/20/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3/article3287303.ece கும்பகோணத்தில் புத்தகக் கண்காட்சி தொடக்கம், தினமணி, 20 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Commemoration volumes==
Special postcards<ref>[https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-thanjavur/news/1432344 மகாமகத்திற்கு வரும் பக்தர்களை வரவேற்க சிறப்பு அஞ்சல் அட்டை, தினமலர், 13 ஜனவரி 2016]</ref> Mahamaham Special cover<ref>மகாமக சிறப்பு அஞ்சல் உறை வெளியீடு, தினமணி, 14 பிப்ரவரி 2016</ref> and calendars with photographs of the processional deities of 12 Shiva temples and five Vishnu temples were also released.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2016/01/20/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE/article3234978.ece அறநிலையத் துறை சார்பில் மகாமகம்-2016 காலண்டர் வெளியீடு, தினமணி, 20 ஜனவரி 2016]</ref><ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/21/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF/article3289114.ece தாற்காலிகப் பேருந்து நிலையங்கள், ஆட்சியர் ஆய்வு, தினமணி, 21 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref> The [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] and [[Saraswathi Mahal Library]] released commemorative volumes with articles about various aspects such religion, the arts, temples and Kumbakonam.
<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/11/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D/article3271480.ece மகாமகக் குளத்துக்குச் செல்ல 4 வழிகள்!, தினமணி, 11 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>
<ref>[http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2016-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81/article8221926.ece சரஸ்வதி மகால் நூலகம் சார்பில் ‘மகாமகம் 2016’ சிறப்பு மலர் வெளியீடு, தி இந்து, 11 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref><ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/02/20/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81/article3287301.ece மகாமக சிறப்பு மலர் வெளியீடு, தினமணி, 20 பிப்ரவரி 2016]</ref>

==Arrangements==
The Kumbakonam Municipality, in its sesquicentennial year, 2016, has spent over Rs. 50 crore ($6.8 million US) to improve civic infrastructure to ensure a hygienic and memorable environment for visiting devotees of Mahamham; this investment included special arrangements to improve facilities such as water supply, street lighting, bio-mining work, town roads and sanitary lines.<ref name=hindu2>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kumbakonam-municipality-turns-150/article8242630.ece Kumbakonam Municipality turns 150, The Hindu, 16 February 2016]</ref> Police also made elaborate security arrangements to prevent stampedes. A team of 25,000 policemen and 3,000 home guards was deployed throughout the town. All vehicles were halted at least one and half km from the temple, and all temples were cordoned off.<ref name=htimes/>

==Other Tanks==
The tanks of Kumbakonam got a new lease of life thanks to Mahamaham. They are the Pachaiyappan tank, Sei Kulam, Ayee Kulam, Bairagi Kulam, Pidari Kulam and Banadurai Kulam.<ref name=hindu2/>

==Photogallery==
===On Tirttavari day===
<gallery>
File: Mahamaham tank on tirttavari11.jpg|Sunrise near Mahamaham tank
File: Mahamaham tank on tirttavari2.jpg|Devotees in Mahamaham Tank
File: Mahamaham tank on tirttavari5.jpg|Devotees in Mahamaham Tank
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari portamarai tank7.jpg|Devotees going to Portamarai Tank
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari portamarai tank4.jpg|Devotees taking bath Portamarai Tank
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari cauvery river5.jpg|Devotees in Kavery
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari cauvery river2.jpg|Devotees taking bath in Kavery
</gallery>

===Shiva and Vishnu Temples===
<gallery>
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari abimukeswarar temple 4.jpg|Chariot of Abimukeswarar Temple
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari abimukeswarar temple 1.jpg|Abimukeswarar Temple
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari kumbeswarar temple1.jpg|Five chariots of Kumbeswarar Temple
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari ramaswamy temple3.jpg|Processional deity of Ramasamy Temple
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari ramaswamy temple4.jpg|Ramasamy Temple
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari chakrapani temple4.jpg|Chakrapani Temple chariot
File: Mahamaham on tirttavari sarngapany temple4.jpg|Sarangapani Temple and chariot
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Mahamaham Stampede]]
*[[Mamankam festival|Mamankam (Tirunavaya, Kerala)]]
*[[Mahamaham]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.onlinethanjavur.com/mahamaham/ மகாமகம் 2016]
* [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-collection-of-pictures-on-mahamaham-2016/article8264207.ece/photo/1/ Mahamaham 2016, The Hindu]
* [https://www.india.com/news/india/naga-sadhus-visit-mahamaham-for-first-time-966660/ Naga Sadhus visit Mahamaham for first time, India.com]

[[Category:Temple tanks in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Kumbakonam]]

National Highway 703B (India)

2025-02-27T17:09:28Z

BP Writer: new a info...

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 703B
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q58482912|title=National Highway 703B|text= Map of National Highway '''703B''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 75
| direction_a = East
| direction_b = West
| terminus_a = [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
| terminus_b = [[Khalra]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 3
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 703 
| next_route = 354 
| states = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| destinations = [[Harike Wetland|Harike]], [[Bhikhiwind]]
}}

'''National Highway 703B''', commonly referred to as '''NH 703B''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/181624.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|secondary]] route of [[National Highway 3 (India)|National Highway 3]] in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181404|title=Projects to Improve the Condition of Roads in Punjab|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

== Route ==
[[Moga, Punjab|Moga]] - [[Kot Ise Khan]] - [[Makhu]] - [[Harike Wetland|Harike]] - [[Bhikhiwind]] - [[Khalra]].

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

* {{jct|NH|703|country=IND}} in [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
* {{jct|NH|703A|country=IND}} near [[Makhu]]
* {{jct|NH|54|country=IND}} in [[Makhu]]
* {{jct|NH|54|country=IND}} in [[Harike Wetland|Harike]]
* {{jct|NH|354|country=IND}} in [[Bhikhiwind]]

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/7892457 NH 703B on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH3 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Punjab, India]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Battle of Wana Camp

2025-02-11T18:05:49Z

BP Writer: Creating details - done

{{Short description|1894 surprise attack on the British encampment in Wana, modern day Pakistan}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Wana Camp
| partof = the [[Waziristan campaign (1894–1895)]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 3 November 1894
| place = [[Wanna, Pakistan|Wana]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| result = British victory
| casus =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Empire]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}
*{{flag|British Raj}}
| combatant2 = [[Mahsud]] tribesmen
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Brig. Gen. Turner {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Lt. Col. William Meiklejohn {{flagicon|United Kingdom}}Lt. Percy Macaulay{{KIA}}
| commander2 = [[Mullah Powinda]]
| strength1 = 2,500
| strength2 = 2,000 tribesmen
| units1 = 20th Punjab Infantry 1st [[Gurkhas]] 3rd Sikh Regiment 1st Punjab Cavalry
| units2 = Tribesmen
| casualties1 = 23 killed, 43 wounded
| casualties2 = 150 killed<ref name="BritBat">{{cite web|url=https://www.britishbattles.com/north-west-frontier-of-india/waziristan-1894/|title=Waziristan, 1894|work=BritishBattles.com}}</ref>
}}
The '''Battle of Wana Camp''' was a battle on 3 November 1894 between rebel [[Mahsud]] tribesmen and a British colonial frontier force stationed in [[Wanna, Pakistan|Wana]], on the northwestern frontier of the [[British Raj]]. The battle began a campaign of offensive actions by British forces in Waziristan to reduce the strength of Mahsud tribes within the area.<ref name=BritishBattles>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishbattles.com/north-west-frontier-of-india/waziristan-1894/|title=Waziristan Campaign 1894|work=BritishBattles.com}}</ref><ref name=smallwars>{{cite web|url=http://www.britainssmallwars.co.uk/attack-on-wana-waziristan-1894.html|title=Attack on Wana, Waziristan,1894|work=www.britainssmallwars.co.uk}}</ref>

==Background==
{{see also|Second Anglo-Afghan War}}

In the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1893, the Emir of Afghanistan and British authorities formally established a defined border between Afghanistan and rural tribal areas within the British Raj. This new border establishment was known by the British as the [[Durand line]], named after [[Mortimer Durand]]. The entire border was to be marked out with white posts, leading tribes in the area to assume that a full British annexation was to take place in due course. The British authorities in India established a camp in Wana, where the work of marking out the border was to be carried out.<ref name=smallwars/><ref name=NWFrontier>{{cite web|url=https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/north-west-frontier-india|title=The North-West Frontier|work=nam.ac.uk}}</ref>
On 10th October 1894, a [[jirga]] from the [[Ahmadzai (Wazir clan)|Ahmadzai]] of Wana presented a petition from its tribal members asking British authorities to annex Wana and to make the Ahmadzai tribes British subjects, much to the dismay of Mashud tribes in the area. Additional British forces were sent to Wana afterwards.

In response to the British incursion into Waziristan, Mullah Powinda, a Mahsud tribal leader, gathered several thousand Mahsud tribesmen in an attempt to disrupt British advances in the area. On 2 November, the British dispatched a small reconnaissance force to the nearby the direction of the Inzar Narai peak, in an effort to identify Mullah's movements, shots were fired between the reconnaissance group and tribesmen, however no casualties occurred as a result of this skirmish. On the same day, demands for Mullah to disband his force in the form of messages were ignored. Mullah's forces were getting close to the camp by this time.<ref name=BritishBattles/><ref>Caroe; The Pathan P-39</ref>

Due to the nature of the camp's original purpose, it was not suitable for defence in the event of an attack. One-hundred Gurkhas were assigned to take defensive positions in a deserted fortress, five-hundred yards to the north-east of the camp. Their role was to give the defenders the ability to attack enemy forces in the rear, whilst also being able to cut off their retreat route.

==The battle==
Despite preparation by the British defenders, at 5:30am on 3rd November, as most of the camp's personnel slept, a force of 2,000 armed Mashud tribesmen attacked the camp. Waves of tribesmen appeared from nearby [[nullah|nullahs]] that concealed their approach to the perimeter of the camp. Only three minutes after the first shots had been fired, several of the tribesmen had reach the camp. The initial attack began on the western part of the camp, held by the 1st Gurkhas. The attack was led by a group of 800 'fanatical' tribesmen.

Only a small number of Gurkhas managed to reach the perimeter in time to meet the oncoming attackers. Most began only mere moments after leaving their tents, fighting with bayonet against sword and shield. E and G companies of the 1st Gurkhas managed to form a defensive line under Major Robinson and fought to hold the attackers back from the rest of the camp. By this time, some tribesmen had passed through the Gurkha camp and made their way to the camp hospital, slaughtering and injuring several of the 1st Punjab Cavalry's horses. A company of the 1st Gurkhas began to extend out from the north-west corner of the camp and began to fire in enfilade into the attacking tribesmen in the camp.

Once the other regiments had been awakened by the sound of fighting, the 20th Punjab infantry under Lieutenant Colonel Meiklejohn and Lieutenant Thompson and a company of the 3rd Sikhs under Lieutenant Finnis, began to move through the camp, killing several tribesmen, often at the point of a bayonet.

A group of tribesmen had reached the north-east of the camp and begin firing into the defenders' perimeter. At this time, illumination star shells were fired by nearby artillery stationed on a mountain-side, illuminating the camp along with daybreak. Shortly after this, the tribesmen began to retreat after losing the element of surprise.

A 61-man squadron of the 1st Punjab Cavalry, led by Major O’Mealy, was then sent out north towards the Inzar Kotal, in pursuit of the tribesmen, killing at least 50 of them during the 11-mile pursuit.<ref name=BritishBattles/>

==Aftermath==
The attack came as a surprise to the British, prompting [[Wanna, Pakistan|Wana]] to be permanently garrisoned up until the [[Partition of India|dissolution of the British Raj]] in 1947.<ref>[http://www.fata.gov.pk/subpages/swa.php Historical and Administrative Profile of the South Waziristan Agency]</ref>

During the attack, two British officers, two Indian officers and 19 soldiers were killed with another 43 wounded. Most of the British casualties consisted of the Gurkhas who bore the brunt of the initial attack.

At least one-hundred tribesmen were killed in the attack on the camp, with a further fifty cut down and killed by the 1st Punjab Cavalry pursuit. The attack of the camp was succeeded by a set of British reprisal attacks on Mashud territory, eventually subduing the tribes in March 1895.
== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}

[[Category:Battles involving the British Empire]]
[[Category:November 1894]]

Tankadhar Tripathy

2025-01-26T19:44:51Z

BP Writer: creating a stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Dipali Das]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Tankadhar Tripathy''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Jharsuguda Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/jharsuguda-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916673.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Jharsuguda, Odisha Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's TANKADHAR TRIPATHY wins Jharsuguda with 91105 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/jharsuguda-odisha-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548384-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathy, Tankadhar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Saif Tyabji

2024-08-15T16:07:48Z

BP Writer: fixed issues

{{short description|Solicitor, mathematician, educator & 2nd MP of Jalna}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saif Tyabji
| image =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| termstart = 1957
| termend = 12 November 1957 (died)
| constituency = [[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency|Jalna]]
| predecessor = Hanumantrao Ganeshrao Vaishnav
| successor = Ramrao Narayan Rao
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1904|12|13}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1957|11|12|1904|12|13}}
| relations = see [[Tyabji family]]
| death_place =
| death_cause = 
| resting_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| resting_place_coordinates =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Vazir Latif
| children = Hasan Camruddin Tyabji (Son) Salima Rafia Tyabji (Daughter) Prof. Nasir Tyabji (Son)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.geni.com/people/Saif-Tyabji/6000000011760618513 | title=Saif Faiz Tyabji | date=3 May 2022 }}</ref>
| mother = Salima Faiz Tyabji
| father = Faiz Hasan Tyabji
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Mathematician]]|[[Solicitor]]|[[Politician]]}}
| profession =
| known_for = female Education
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| blank3 =
| data3 =
| blank4 =
| data4 =
| blank5 =
| data5 =
| signature =
}}

'''Saif Faiz Badruddin Tyabji''' (1904–1957) was a solicitor, mathematician, an educationist passionately devoted to the cause of [[female education]], and a nationalist committed to the idea of India. He was closely associated with the [[Anjuman-i Islam]] of Bombay from the 1930s till his death in November 1957. He was a Congress Member of Parliament in 1957 from [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]] in Maharashtra.<ref name="GE1957V2">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-II |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_II_57_LS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174120/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_II_57_LS.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2016 |access-date=11 July 2015 |work=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==Education & work==
Tyabji was grandson of an early president of India's Congress party, [[Badruddin Tyabji]] (1844–1906). Though he was an engineer educated at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], his career as a lawyer and a judge were perhaps surpassed by his role as a Member of Parliament representing the Congress party in newly independent India. He was in the forefront of reform of his own community. He realised the lack of English education amongst the Muslims had hurt them. He resolutely opposed the purdah system for Muslim women as it prevented their education and social advancement.<ref name="Guha-IndiaAfterGandhi">{{cite book
| last = Guha
| first = Ramachandra
| title = India After Gandhi
| publisher = Pan Macmillan Ltd., London
| year = 2007
| isbn = 978-0-330-50554-3
| pages = 370–371
}}</ref>

In 1955 Tyabji wrote a series of essays in the influential [[Urdu]] newspaper ''Inquilab'', which later were translated to English and published under the title, ''The Future of Muslims in India''. He felt that Muslims should do a lot more than vote for India's dominant party - they should join it and influence its policies. Like other kinds of Indians, he felt Muslims had to "take an active part in the formation of a new Indian Culture". However, he noted "if Muslims sit back with folded arms, we can rest assured that the new [[Indian Culture]] will have little to do with the achievements of this country". Tyabji's other suggestions were that Muslims ask for technical and commercial education, rather than merely study the humanities and join the ranks of the educated unemployed.<ref name="Guha-IndiaAfterGandhi"/>

== Names after ==
* The Anjuman-I-Islam Girls High School and Junior College of Arts and Science, based in [[Mumbai]], was renamed '[[Anjuman-I-Islam Saif Tyabji Girls High School and Junior College]]' on 31 May 1982, in honor of its former president, Mr. Saif Tyabji. Mr. Saif Tyabji, a practicing solicitor and the grandson of Sir [[Badruddin Tyabji]], had been actively associated with the Anjuman. He served as its Honorary Secretary since 1935 and had also held the position of President of the parent body. His contributions greatly fostered the progress and advancement of the institution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=School |title=Anjuman Official Website |url=https://anjumanbellasis.com/aspdat/page.asp?id=43}}</ref>

==Death==
His early death on 12 November 1957 was described by his cousin, the distinguished conservationist [[Zafar Futehally]] as, "a great tragedy for the Muslims of India".<ref name="Guha-IndiaAfterGandhi"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyabji, Saif}}
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:People from Marathwada]]
[[Category:People from Jalna district]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Ismailis]]
[[Category:Sulaymani Bohras]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
{{Tyabji family}}
{{Jalna district topics}}

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}
[[Category:Tyabji family]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]