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Sanjay Mathur

2023-10-06T11:47:11Z

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{{Short description|Inorganic chemist (b. 1968)}}

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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sanjay Mathur
| image = Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur.jpg
| birth_date = 1968
| birth_place = [[Ujjain]], [[India]]
| fields = [[Nanomaterials]], [[Organometallic chemistry]], [[Nanobiotechnology]], [[Energy materials]]
| workplaces = [[University of Cologne]]
| alma_mater = [[Saarland University]]
[[University of Rajasthan]]
[[ Vikram University]]
| thesis_year = 1993
| doctoral_advisor = [[Ram Charan Mehrotra]]
| known_for = Metal organic precursors, [[Ceramics]], [[Biomaterials]], Thin film systems, Sensors & Batteries
}}

'''Sanjay Mathur''' (born 1968) is an inorganic chemist, current president (Oct. 2022 - Oct. 2023) of the [[American Ceramic Society]].<ref name="auto4">{{cite web | url=https://ceramics.org/about/acers-governance/board-of-directors-bios | title=Board of Directors Biographies }}</ref> acting director of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry at the [[University of Cologne]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chemie.uni-koeln.de/department/organisation-verwaltung/geschaeftsfuehrende-direktoren-der-institute|title=Geschäftsführende Direktoren der Institute|website=chemie.uni-koeln.de}}</ref> honorary co-director of the Institute of Renewable Energy Sources at the [[Xi'an Jiaotong University]],<ref name="auto5">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-bulletin/article/sanjay-mathur-international-advocate-of-sustainability/7DDA245138A5C65C82FE52CFF7B59307|title=Sanjay Mathur International advocate of sustainability|first=Humaira|last=Taz|date=September 12, 2019|journal=MRS Bulletin|volume=44|issue=9|pages=731|via=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1557/mrs.2019.221|bibcode=2019MRSBu..44..731T |s2cid=203003403 }}</ref> a World Class University Professor at the [[Chonbuk University]].<ref name="auto5"/> He is an adjunct professor at the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]]<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/nano-energy/editorial-board/journals.elsevier.com/nano-energy/editorial-board/professor-sanjay-mathur-phd-habil|title=Professor Sanjay Mathur, PhD, Habil. - Editorial Board - Nano Energy - Journal - Elsevier|website=www.journals.elsevier.com}}</ref> in [[Chennai]] and has held visiting professorships at the [[Central South University]],<ref name="auto13">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vincent.org.rs/s_mathur/|title=Sanjay Mathur – Vincent|website=www.vincent.org.rs}}</ref> the [[Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology]],<ref name="auto13"/> the [[National Institute of Science Education and Research]].<ref name="auto13"/> He was awarded the [[Honorary Doctorate]] of the [[Vilnius University]] in 2016.<ref name="auto9"/> He is an elected fellow of the [[American Ceramic Society]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://ceramics.org/awards/society-fellows|title=Society Fellows|website=The American Ceramic Society}}</ref> the [[American Society for Metals]],<ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.asminternational.org/membership/awards/asm-fellows/2017-fellows/|title=2017 Fellows|website=ASM International}}</ref> the European Science Academy,<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurasc.eu/members/|title=Members – European Academy of Sciences}}</ref> the Indian National Science Academy<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://mathur.uni-koeln.de/news/newssingleview/election-as-foreign-fellow-fna-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-india|title=Election as "Foreign Fellow" (FNA) of The National Academy of Sciences, India|website=mathur.uni-koeln.de|date=13 December 2021 }}</ref> and has been awarded with the fellowships of the [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]].<ref name="auto14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/vernetzen/recherche-im-humboldt-netzwerk/einzelansicht|title=Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur|website=www.humboldt-foundation.de}}</ref> Mathur is known for his library of single source precursors for the production of nanostructured ceramic materials with tailormade properties,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.com/u/sanjay-mathur|title=Sanjay Mathur: H-index & Awards - Academic Profile|website=Research.com}}</ref> attaining a [[h-index]] of 70 and over 18000 citations.<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AFJwp6QAAAAJ&hl=de|title=Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

== Biography ==
In 1994 he moved to Germany, joined the [[Saarland University]] as an [[Alexander von Humboldt Fellow]]<ref name="auto14"/> (1994-1996). Following this, he worked for his habilitation (2004)<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://ceramics.org/wp-content/bulletin/2023/Jan-Feb2023/Jan-Feb2023.html#p=18|title=Jan-Feb2023|website=ceramics.org}}</ref> at the [[Saarland University]] until he accepted an offer of the [[Würzburg University]] in 2006 to become a [[Professor]] of Inorganic Chemistry. At the [[Würzburg University]] he established a research programm on the synthesis of [[nanomaterials]] and thin film systems by means of [[chemical vapour deposition]] using chemically tailored [[organometallic]] precursors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/inorgchem/current-news/detail/news/prof-dr-5/|title=Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur verabschiedet|website=www.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de}}</ref> In 2008, he was offered a full professorship in Inorganic and Materials Chemistry at the [[University of Cologne]] which he accepted.<ref name="auto2"/> He established the Steinbeis technology-transfer center Materials Alliance Cologne,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://materialsalliance.com/de/startseite/|title=Materials Alliance Cologne – Ein Steinbeis Transferzentrum}}</ref> which supports small- and medium-sized enterprises to innovate their technology portfolio.

Mathur serves as Board member for the German Ceramic Society<ref name="auto10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dkg.de/dkg/vorstand|title=DKG - Vorstand|website=www.dkg.de}}</ref> and the federation of chemical industries ChemCologne in Rhineland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemcologne.de/networking/ueber-uns/news/detail/mitgliederversammlung-waehlt-vorstand|title=Mitgliederversammlung wählt Vorstand|first=ganzgraph|last=gmbh|website=www.chemcologne.de|date=28 April 2023 }}</ref> Mathur has mentored a number of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers from a large number of nations. He has also served as the “International Ambassador” of the [[University of Cologne]] to foster international collaboration.<ref name="auto5"/> He has received calls as the director of the Institute for Functional Materials in [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] (2013)<ref>https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/soz/personen/kuehl/pdf/Brodkorb-2014-Paradoxien-im-europaischen-Hochschulraum.pdf</ref> and director of Institute for Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites at the [[Stuttgart University]] (2020).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geosciences.uni-koeln.de/en/gsgs/news-and-reports/news-page/herr-professor-dr-sanjay-mathur-institut-fuer-anorganische-chemie-hat-einen-ruf-auf-eine-w3-professur-fuer-hochleistungskeramik-und-funktionswerkstoffe-verbunden-mit-der-leitung-des-ifkb-an-der-universitaet-stuttgart-abgelehnt|title=Herr Professor Dr. Sanjay Mathur, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, hat einen Ruf auf eine W3-Professur für Hochleistungskeramik und Funktionswerkstoffe (verbunden mit der Leitung des IFKB) an der Universität Stuttgart abgelehnt|website=geosciences.uni-koeln.de|date=4 October 2022 }}</ref>

== Research ==
Mathur's research focuses on chemical concepts for the synthesis and processing of [[Nanostructure|nanostructured]] [[Ceramic|ceramics]] and [[Composite material|composites]] through the transformation of specially developed chemical feedstocks for [[energy]] and health applications. His research group has developed approaches for processing [[metal oxide]] [[Nanoparticle|nanoparticles]], [[Nanowire|nanowires]] and [[Nanostructure|nanostructured]] [[Coating|coatings]], applicable in the fields of [[biomedicine]] (e.g. [[drug delivery]] and implant integration), [[Sensing element|sensing]] (gas and moisture detection), [[protective coatings]] (including barrier and [[anti-corrosion]] solutions) and functional surface modifications (e.g. transparent conductive oxides, [[Photocatalysis|photocatalytic]] materials and [[Hydrophobe|hydrophobic]]/[[Hydrophile|hydrophilic]] coatings).<ref name="auto5" /><ref name="auto2" />

Mathur has also played a role in coordinating joint research projects with European consortia and industrial partners. He has been involved in [[technology transfer]] and collaboration with industry, particularly in the areas of [[Sensor|sensors]], [[Electrode|electrodes]], filters, catalytic supports and battery applications.<ref name="auto5" /><ref name="auto2" />

== Academic ==
Mathur has published more than 500 articles including 15 reviews and book chapters.<ref name="auto11"/><ref name="auto9"/> He has been invited to speak at over 200 international conferences, has given over 250 seminars in 35 countries and has chaired/co-chaired several international conferences and symposia.<ref name="auto9"/> He has edited 11 book in the field of [[nanomaterials]] [[science]] and [[engineering]] and is the co-owner of 11 [[patents]] originated in joint research projects and industrial collaboration.<ref name="auto9"/> Mathur has led joint research projects with industry and has been involved with technology transfer and industrial collaborations. He serves as the Faculty Advisor for the International Chapters of the [[Materials Research Society]], jointly recognized by the European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) as well as the [[American Ceramic Society]] International Germany Chapter established at the [[University of Cologne]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dgm.de/de/artikel?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=5964&cHash=d0d2b888612e3d1e4af07f05e8b1d65c|title=Lehrstuhl von Herrn Prof. Sanjay Mathur am Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität zu Köln neues DGM-Institutsmitglied|website=dgm.de}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
*'''2010''': ''Global Star Award'' of the ECD of American Ceramic Society<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://ceramics.org/awards/edward-orton-jr-memorial-lecture|title=Edward Orton, Jr. Memorial Lecture|website=The American Ceramic Society}}</ref>
*'''2012''': ''Academician'', World Academy of Ceramics, Italy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waceramics.org/advisory.shtml|title=World Academy of Ceramics|website=waceramics.org}}</ref>
*'''2012''': ''International Ambassador'', University of Cologne<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/24635636/kuz-3-12-pdf-universitat-zu-kaln|title=KUZ 3/12 (PDF) - UniversitÃ¤t zu KÃ¶ln|website=yumpu.com}}</ref>
*'''2014''': ''World Class University Distinguished Professor'', Chonbuk University, Korea<ref name="auto9"/>
*'''2014''': ''Fellow'', the American Ceramic Society<ref name="auto"/>
*'''2015''': ''Bridge-Building Award'', American Ceramic Society<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ceramics.org/awards/bridge-building-award | title=Engineering Ceramics Division: Bridge Building Award }}</ref>
*'''2016''': ''Lee Hsun Award'', Institute of Materials Res – Chinese Academy of Science, China<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.imr.cas.cn/internationalcoorperation/leehsunlectureseries/201409/t20140918_128165.html|title=Lee Hsun Lecture Award----Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences|website=english.imr.cas.cn}}</ref>
*'''2016''': Honorary Doctorate (''h.c''.), Vilnius University, Lithuania<ref>https://www.vu.lt/en/about-vu/honorary-doctors</ref>
*'''2017''': ''Fellow'', the ASM International, USA<ref name="auto12"/>
*'''2019''': Awarded, President’s Appreciation Award, KITECH, Korea <ref name="auto9"/>
*'''2019''': Lifetime Achievement Award, Indian Science Congress Association, Kolkata, India<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sciencecongress.nic.in/isca_awardees_2019-20.php | title=Government of India,Indian Science Congress }}</ref>
*'''2020''': Fellow of the European Academy of Science<ref name="auto6"/>
*'''2020''': Elected to serve on the DFG Expert Panel (Fachkollegiat) for Functional Materials<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfg.de/dfg_profil/gremien/fachkollegien/fachkollegiaten/index.jsp|title=Liste der Fachkollegiaten|website=www.dfg.de}}</ref>
*'''2020''': Appointed as Board Member of the German Ceramic Society<ref name="auto10"/>
*'''2021''': Elected as Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy<ref name="auto1"/>
*'''2021''': Elected Member of European Academy of Science, Brussels<ref name="auto6"/>
*'''2021''': Appointed to European Materials Research Council, Strasbourg<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.european-mrs.com/about/scientific-council|title=Scientific Council | EMRS|website=www.european-mrs.com}}</ref>
*'''2021''': Elected Member, International Union of Materials Research Societies<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://iumrs.org/about-us/iumrs-officers/|title=IUMRS Officers – IUMRS}}</ref>
*'''2021''': Woody White Award, Materials Research Society, USA<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mrs.org/careers-advancement/awards/fall-awards/mrs-woody-white-service-award|title=MRS Woody White Service Award | MRS Awards|website=www.mrs.org}}</ref>
*'''2022''': International Frontiers Award of International Union of Materials Research Societies<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iumrs.org/recipients-of-iumrs-fmsa-fmysa-2022/|title=Recipients of Frontier Materials Awards 2022 – IUMRS}}</ref>
*'''2022''': Orton Jr. Lectureship Award of the American Ceramic Society, USA<ref name="auto8"/>
*'''2022''': Elected Secretary of the International Unions of MRS (IU-MRS)<ref name="auto7"/>
*'''2022''': President, American Ceramic Society (2022-23)<ref name="auto4"/>
*'''2023''': Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research, Chemical Research Society India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crsi-india.org/award-2023/|title=Current Awardees – Chemical Research Society of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathur, Sanjay}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Inorganic chemists]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Cologne]]

Krithika Subrahmanian

2023-10-03T16:06:17Z

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{{Infobox person
| name = Krithika Subrahmanian
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| edducation =
| alma_mater = [[Anna University]] [[Chennai]], Graduate School of Business Stanford Seed, [[Harvard Business School]] SELP
| occupation = Architect Designer Aesthete, hotelier and author
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Architecture]], [[Indian classical dance]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Krithika Subrahmanian''' is a serial entrepreneur, architect, designer, aesthete, hotelier, author and [[Indian classical dancer]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=MAHESH |first1=CHITRA |title=Dance and its many dimensions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/Dance-and-its-many-dimensions/article16834097.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Skill in every step |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/dec/11/a-skill-in-every-step-1724715.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Subrahmanian is the co-founder and director of Sreshta Leisure, Hospitality company, Metafore and Transform an architecture company based in Chennai.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pyarilal |first1=Vasanth |title=The Change Makers - Krithika Subrahmaniam, Architect {{!}} RITZ |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/the-change-makers-krithika-subrahmaniam-architect/ |date=13 January 2017}}</ref> She is also the founder of Svatma, boutique hotel in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rise of culinary tourism: When the menu becomes the map |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/rise-of-culinary-tourism-when-the-menu-becomes-the-map-101669290584309.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=24 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An Interview with Architect, Dancer, and Svatma Hotel Owner Krithika Subrahmanian ⋆ Greaves India |url=https://www.greavesindia.co.uk/interview-architect-dancer-svatma-hotel-owner-krithika-subrahmanian/ |website=Greaves India |date=29 January 2016}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Krithika Subrahmanian was born in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. She graduated as an architect from [[Anna University]], [[Chennai]] SAP School of Architecture and Planning. An alumnus of [[Harvard Business School]], [[Boston]] [[Massachusetts]]. Krithika and Transform group are an alumnus of Graduate School of Business [[Stanford University]] in the SEED.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Nandri and Namaskaram, must learn words for a newbie’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2016/nov/30/nandri--and-namaskaram-must-learn-words-for-a-newbie-1544283.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Career==
Krithika Subrahmanian started as a career professional specialised in Architecture, Interior Design. Specific interests in restoration and eco sensitive Sustainable Green technologies in leadership position. She has expanded her commercial operations to include construction, real estate, manufacturing, and hospitality. She founded Transform in 1996, and has worked on some of Chennai's valuable residences, and across India as well as overseas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grace & Fluidity {{!}} Verve Magazine |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/krithika-subrahmanian |website=Vervemagazine |date=1 November 2013}}</ref>

Krithika Subrahmanian started Svatma in 2009. Svatma is a brand of Luxury experiential Hotels in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Svatma: A journey to find yourself - ET HospitalityWorld |url=https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/hotels/svatma-a-journey-to-find-yourself/82907373 |website=ETHospitalityWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>

Krithika founded and managed SYNCK, India's first private club with areas for social interaction. She delivered key note address and lectures in conferences on art culture and literature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Restobar alert: Spirits by Synck in Chennai serves pure vegetarian and their in-house mock meats are delicious |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/food/food-chennai/2021/dec/31/restobar-alert-spirits-by-synck-in-chennaiservespure-vegetarian-and-their-in-house-mock-meats-are-38146.html |website=Indulgexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Dance career===
Krithika, a classical dancer of great virtue in the highly acclaimed Tanjore style of [[Bharatanatyam]], has performed at world-renowned performing arts venues and for dance festivals such as the Delhi International Arts Festival, the London International Dance Festival, NJPAC, and MACH, to name a few.<ref>{{cite web |title=Krithika Subramanian's NAVA is a bold new approach to Bharatanatyam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/krithika-subramanians-nava-is-a-bold-new-approach-to-bharatanatyam/articleshow/73108478.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A setting for the young |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/a-setting-young-2156862 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Krithika founded the Namaargam dance group, through which she has collaborated on works with musician [[Ilaiyaraaja]], actor [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] and dancer [[Gopika Varma]], orator [[Dushyanth Sridhar]], to name a few.<ref>{{cite web |title=Namaargam Dance Company Ms Krithika Subrahmanian {{!}} Official website of Indian Council for Cultural Relations, Government of India |url=https://www.iccr.gov.in/cultural/list-of-empanelment-artist/namaargam-dance-company-ms-krithika-subrahmanian |website=www.iccr.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SWAPPNAM DANCE |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=159420595&highlights=KRITHIKA%20SUBRAMANIAN |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Publications==
*{{Cite book|last=Subrahmanian|first=Krithika|title=The Next Big Thing Thanjavur|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9352915089}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanjore tripping with Krithika Subrahmanian |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/books/2018/aug/17/tanjore-tripping-with-krithika-subrahmanian-9608.html |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subrahmanian, Krithika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]

Rashmita Minz

2023-09-10T06:03:04Z

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'''Rashmita Minz''' (16 December 1997) ) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] field hockey player and member of [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women hockey team]]. She hails from Odisha. In March 2022, Indian Oil Corporation Limited recruited her along with eight other players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=IOC employs 9 women hockey players |url=https://thebridge.in/hockey/ioc-employs-9-women-hockey-players-29870 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> She plays as a defender.

Her father Nicholas Minz joined her in the Panposh hostel and she trained under coaches Pradeep Kumar Sarangi and Amulyananda Bihari in her initial years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orisports.com |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=MTM4Mg== |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref>

== Hockey career ==
Under chief coach Neil Hawgood, Rashmita Minz made her Senior India debut in 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Gaurav |title=Rashmita Minz: My dream is to play many matches for Indian team |url=https://khelnow.com/hockey/olympic-sports-rashmita-minz-on-indian-womens-team |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Khel Now |language=English}}</ref> as an 18-year-old against the mighty Australian team when India played three matches in Melbourne.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minz, Rashmita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian field hockey players]]
[[Category:Indian female field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Odisha]]

Rakri, Punjab

2023-09-07T14:10:02Z

BBEntertainment: Published a well-researched resource.

{{Short description|Town in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{other uses|Rakri (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rakri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
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| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.9250193|N|75.7928829|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tahsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mukerian]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
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| government_type =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.47
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5722
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rakri''' is a [[census town]] in [[Mukerian]] tahsil of [[Hoshiarpur district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It contains the site of Datarpur, capital of the former [[Datarpur State]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 5,722, in 1,196 households.

== History ==
Rakri contains the site of Datarpur, which was capital of the former [[Datarpur State]].<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|75}} Datarpur is said to have been founded around the year 1500.<ref name="Gazetteer 1904">{{cite book |title=Puunjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIII-A: Hoshiarpur District |publisher=Punjab Government Press |location=Lahore |url=https://revenue.punjab.gov.in/sites/default/files/hoshiarpur1904.PDF |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|18}}

Rakri was first reclassified as a non-statutory census town for the 2011 census (previously it had been designated as a village).<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>{{rp|10}}

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Rakri had a population of 5,722, in 1,196 households. This population was 50.8% male (2,908) and 49.2% female (2,814). The 0-6 age group numbered 566 (286 male and 280 female), or 9.9% of the total population. 1,265 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 22.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Punjab District Census Handbook - Hoshiarpur, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/997/download/3002/DH_2011_0304_PART_B_DCHB_HOSHIARPUR.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|22-3}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Rakri as having a population of 4,270 people (2,813 male and 2,087 female), in 710 households and 710 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Punjab: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A & B: Village & Town Directory, District Hoshiarpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28539/download/31721/27658_1981_HOS.pdf |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|258}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Rakri (as "Rakri ''maruf'' Datarpur") with a total population of 3,029 people (1,548 male and 1,481 female), in 577 households and 577 physical houses. It then had 2 hospitals and a post office.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: Punjab District Census Handbook No. 9: Hoshiarpur District |publisher=Government of Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29218/download/32399/22080_1961_HOS.pdf |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|xxiv}}

== Economy ==
Among the most important commodities produced in Rakri are shoes and wooden products. As of 2009, Rakri had 1 nationalised bank, 0 private commercial banks, 1 [[cooperative banking#India|cooperative bank]], and 1 [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society|agricultural credit society]].<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|406-7}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Rakri has 1 hospital with 8 beds, 5 medicine shops, 10 schools teaching at the primary level and 3 teaching at the secondary level, and 1 public library. Water is stored in overhead tank(s), with a total capacity of 500 kilolitres. The town does not have a local fire department; the nearest one is at [[Talwara]], 10 km away.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Punjab District Census Handbook - Hoshiarpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/996/download/2998/DH_2011_0304_PART_A_DCHB_HOSHIARPUR.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|403-7}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hoshiarpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hoshiarpur district]]

Rakri, Madhya Pradesh

2023-09-07T09:22:55Z

BBEntertainment: Published a new article.

{{Short description|Village in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{other uses|Rakri (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rakri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.6002341|N|81.8597447|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rewa district|Rewa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mauganj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 13.863
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1755
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rakri''' ([[Devanagari]]: रकरी {{IAST|Rakrī}}), also spelled '''Rakari''', is a village in [[Mauganj]] block of [[Rewa district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,755, in 411 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Rakri had a population of 1,755, in 411 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|716}} This population was 50.7% male (890) and 49.3% female (865). The 0-6 age group numbered 277 (147 male and 130 female), or 15.8% of the total population. 425 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 24.2% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Madhya Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rewa, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/743/download/2615/DH_2011_2313_PART_B_DCHB_REWA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|238-9}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Rakri (as "Rakari") as having a population of 903 people, in 151 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Madhya Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rewa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29636/download/32817/28745_1981_REW.pdf |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|260-1}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Rakri (as "Rakari") with a total population of 513 people (257 male and 256 female), in 112 households and 104 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 3,426 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census of India 1961: District Census Handbook, Madhya Pradesh (Rewa District) |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29639/download/32820/21728_1961_REW.pdf |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|274}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Rakri had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, well, and hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Madhya Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rewa, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/742/download/2612/DH_2011_2313_PART_A_DCHB_REWA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>{{rp|716-21}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rewa Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Rewa district]]

The Freelancer (Indian TV series)

2023-08-30T07:28:42Z

BBEntertainment: Article formulated.

#REDIRECT [[The Freelancer (TV series)]]

Tiger Jeet Singh

2023-08-29T00:06:25Z

BBEntertainment: Tiger Jeet Singh

{{short description|Indo-Canadian professional wrestler}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox professional wrestler
|name = Tiger Jeet Singh
|image = Tiger Jeet Singh in Brampton - 2018 (29303924108) (cropped).jpg
|caption = Tiger Jeet Singh in 2018
|names = '''Tiger Jeet Singh'''
|height = 6 ft 3 in<ref name=Encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=WWE Encyclopedia|last1=Shields|first1=Brian|last2=Sullivan|first2=Kevin|page=[https://archive.org/details/wweencyclopediad0000shie/page/305 305]|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley|DK]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7566-4190-0|url=https://archive.org/details/wweencyclopediad0000shie/page/305}}</ref>
|weight = 265 lb<ref name=Encyclopedia/>
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|4|3}}
|death_date =
|birth_name = Jagjeet Singh Hans
|birth_place = [[Sujapur, Punjab|Sujapur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|spouse = Sukhjit Hans (m. 1970)
|children = 3, including [[Tiger Ali Singh]]
|billed = Punjab, India
|trainer = [[Fred Atkins]]<ref name=chof>{{cite web|url=http://www.canoe.ca/SlamWrestling/tigerjeetsingh.html|title=Tiger Jeet Singh|publisher=SLAM! Wrestling|access-date=2010-05-15}}</ref>
|debut = 1965
|retired = 2012
}}
'''Jagjeet Singh Hans'''<ref name=fear>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/may/05sspec.htm|title=Tiger Singh: Most Feared Man in Japan|publisher=Rediff Sports|access-date=2010-05-15|date=May 5, 2005}}</ref> (born April 3, 1944) is an [[Indo-Canadians|Indo-Canadian]] semi-retired [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]], known better by his [[ring name]] '''Tiger Jeet Singh'''. He was known for his elaborate ring entrances, and generally performed as a [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]]. He wrestled in Japan and was the first professional wrestler in Japan to defeat sumo wrestler [[Wajima Hiroshi]]. He held [[Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling]]'s [[FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship|World Martial Arts Heavyweight Championship]] and headlined the company's flagship event [[FMW Anniversary Show|Anniversary Show]] in [[FMW 3rd Anniversary Show|1992]].{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

==Professional wrestling career==

===Early career (1965-1972)===
In the 1960s, Hans began wrestling and emigrated from his hometown in [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]] to Canada, arriving with $6 in his pocket.<ref name=fear/><ref name=bright/> Hans trained in [[Toronto]] under Fred Atkins and eventually signed with [[Frank Tunney]], a Toronto wrestling promoter.<ref name=chof/> Atkins dubbed Hans "Tiger" after witnessing his ferocious style of fighting.<ref name=bright>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestling/jeetsingh_stories.html|title=Tiger Jeet Singh's career is burning bright|author=Livesey, Bruce|publisher=SLAM! Wrestling|access-date=2010-05-15|date=January 13, 1996}}</ref> Tiger made his [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] debut in 1965, wrestling as a heel. His first main event in Toronto was a [[tag team]] match late that year, teaming with Professor Hiro to take on the team of [[Johnny Powers (wrestler)|Johnny Powers]] and [[Sweet Daddy Siki]]. He began teaming with Fred Atkins in 1966. They became the top team in Toronto by defeating [[Whipper Billy Watson]] and Bulldog Brower for the international tag title in July 1966. Singh and Atkins wrestled at or near the top of the card through 1966 and 1967.

Singh also competed on the US wrestling circuits, grappling with opponents like Sweet Daddy Siki, [[André the Giant]], [[Hans Schmidt (wrestler)|Hans Schmidt]], Whipper Billy Watson and "Bulldog" Dick Brower. He defeated [[Johnny Valentine]] for the Toronto version of the US title and wrestled [[Gene Kiniski]] for the [[NWA World Heavyweight Championship]] in the summer of 1967 and, in the fall, twice challenged [[Bruno Sammartino]] for the [[WWE Championship|WWWF Championship]]. With [[Bull Curry|Wild Bull Curry]], again defeated Watson and Brower to win the international tag title in 1968.

In February 1971, Singh wrestled [[Ed Farhat|The Sheik]] in the main event of the first wrestling show in Maple Leaf Gardens history to attract a sell-out crowd of over 18,000.

===Japan (1973-2009)===
====New Japan Pro-Wrestling (1973-1981)====
While visiting Japan in 1972, Singh got into a brawl with [[Antonio Inoki]] in a shopping center.<ref name=bright/> He immediately began wrestling in [[New Japan Pro-Wrestling]] in 1973 and would feud with Inoki as a result of the incident. Inoki broke Singh's arm in a 1974 match, but Tiger defeated Inoki to win the NWF world title in 1975 only to lose it to Inoki three months later.

====All Japan Pro Wrestling (1981-1990)====
He defeated [[Seiji Sakaguchi]] in 1976 to win the NWF Asian title and remained champion until making a jump to [[All-Japan Pro Wrestling]] in 1981. Singh wrestled in the main event of the joint New Japan-All Japan card in Tokyo in 1978 with [[Abdullah the Butcher]] to take on the Japanese dream team of Inoki and [[Shohei Baba|Giant Baba]]. Singh would later team with Abdullah frequently.

Singh defeated [[El Canek]] to win the UWA World Heavyweight Championship in Mexico in 1980 and lost the title to Inoki months later. Singh regained it but then dropped it back to Canek in 1981. In Toronto Singh had one final match for [[Frank Tunney]] against Sheik in 1977, when he subbed for no-show [[Dusty Rhodes]]. Singh defeated [[Ric Flair]] in Toronto in 1979, and unsuccessfully challenging [[Nick Bockwinkel]] for the [[AWA World Heavyweight Championship|AWA title]] at the Gardens.

Singh continued to wrestle in Japan into the 1990s and make occasional appearances on indie shows in Toronto. In 1990, he teamed with Inoki to defeat [[Big Van Vader]] and [[Animal Hamaguchi]] in the main event of Inoki's 30th anniversary show in Yokohama.

====Return to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (1991-1995)====
In the early 1990s, Singh wrestled for New Japan Pro-Wrestling. On December 18, 1991, Singh lost to [[Hiroshi Hase]] in match held in the island of Ganryū-jima.

====Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (1992-1994)====
He ventured to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) in 1992, and had a bloody feud with Atsushi Onita. Whilst in FMW Singh teamed with a young Sabu, who also accompanied him to the ring. Singh also wrestled in the main event of the first Heisei Ishingun card in Tokyo in 1994, losing to Shiro Koshinaka in a bout refereed by Inoki.

====IWA Japan (1995-2003)====
Singh was a prominent participant in the IWA-Japan 1995 King of the Death Matches Tournament. In the opening contest of the quarter-finals round, he forced Mr. Gannosuke into submission while Gannosuke was inside a bed of barbed wire. Singh advanced to the semi-finals where he lost to Terry Funk. Even after dominating the match and throwing Funk into broken glass, [[Mick Foley|Cactus Jack]] came out of nowhere and miscalculated an attack with Singh's signature sword on Funk and hit Singh instead. In the finals Singh interfered briefly and joined Cactus Jack in attacking Terry Funk.

====Hustle (2004, 2007-2009)====
Singh occasionally wrestled for Japanese promotion [[Hustle (professional wrestling)|Hustle]] during the 2000s. In July 2008 Singh participated in Hustle's Grand Prix tournament. He represented India and faced [[Bob Sapp]] who represented the USA.

===World Wrestling Federation (1997)===
In 1997, Singh's son [[Tiger Ali Singh]] was signed by the WWF and Singh would manage him. He appeared at ringside at WWF's United Kingdom-exclusive pay-per-view event [[WWF One Night Only|One Night Only]] on September 20, 1997. Singh left WWF that November when his son was taken off WWF TV.

===Later career (2009-2012)===
After leaving Hustle, Singh returned to IWA Japan. Singh wrestled his last match on [[Canada Day]] 2012 for SCW TigerFest 2012 in Brampton, Ontario where he teamed with [[Tatanka (wrestler)]] and [[Sonjay Dutt]] defeating [[Viscera (wrestler)]], Darkko, and [[Steve Corino]].

==Personal life==
Singh and his wife have three sons.<ref name=fear/> One of his sons is former [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE) wrestler [[Tiger Ali Singh]].

A documentary entitled ''Tiger!'' chronicles his life story from his life in India to his work as a wrestler.<ref name=fear/><ref name=bright/>

A public elementary school in [[Milton, Ontario]], opened in September 2010, has been named after Singh despite some community concerns about the appropriateness of naming a public school after a professional wrestler. Local author and historian John Challinor II made a presentation to the Halton Board of Education and stressed that the honour should be made based on Tiger Jeet Singh's philanthropy and humanitarian works. Area Trustee Donna Danielli addressed the decision, which has been met with some controversy given the violent content of professional wrestling, stating: "He definitely makes a difference in the community and I believe that he will be a very positive role model and mentor at that school -- he plans to be very involved."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2010/03/05/13121531.html|title=School named after Tiger Jeet Singh|author=Oliver, Greg|publisher=SLAM! Wrestling|access-date=2010-03-06|date=March 5, 2010}}</ref>

In 2012, Singh was one of the recipients of the [[Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards]] presented by [[Canadian immigrant magazine|Canadian Immigrant Magazine]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada's Top 25 Immigrants 2012|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2012|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Canadian Immigrant|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Championships and accomplishments==
*'''[[All Japan Pro Wrestling]]'''
**[[NWA International Tag Team Championship]] ([[NWA International Tag Team Championship#Title history|1 time]]) - with [[Umanosuke Ueda]]
*'''[[Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling]]'''
**[[FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship]] ([[FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship#Title History|1 time]])
*'''[[International Wrestling Association (Puerto Rico)|International Wrestling Association]]'''
**[[MAC International Heavyweight Championship|IWA International Heavyweight Championship]] (1 time)
*'''[[Maple Leaf Wrestling]]'''
**[[NWA International Tag Team Championship (Toronto version)|NWA International Tag Team Championship ''(Toronto version)'']] ([[NWA International Tag Team Championship (Toronto version)#Title history|2 times]]) - with Fred Atkins (1) and Bull Curry (1)
**[[NWA Toronto United States Heavyweight Championship|NWA United States Heavyweight Championship ''(Toronto version)'']] ([[NWA Toronto United States Heavyweight Championship#Title history|1 time]])
*'''[[New Japan Pro-Wrestling]]'''
**[[Asia Heavyweight Championship]] (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/newjapan/nj-asia-h.html|title=Asia Heavyweight Title|access-date=June 1, 2016|publisher=Wrestling-Titles.com}}</ref>
**[[Asia Tag Team Championship]] (1 time) - with Umanosuke Ueda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/newjapan/nj-asia-t.html|title=Asia Tag Team Title|access-date=June 1, 2016|publisher=Wrestling-Titles.com}}</ref>
**[[NWA North American Tag Team Championship (Los Angeles/Japan version)|NWA North American Tag Team Championship ''(Los Angeles/Japan version)'']] ([[NWA North American Tag Team Championship (Los Angeles/Japan version)#Title history|1 time]]) - with Umanosuke Ueda
**[[NWF Heavyweight Championship]] ([[NWF Heavyweight Championship#Title history|1 time]])
**[[NWF North American Heavyweight Championship]] ([[NWF North American Heavyweight Championship#Title history|1 time]])
**Greatest Gaijin Heel Section (2002)<ref>http://www.puroresufan.com/njpw/results/notes/050202.html {{Bare URL inline|date=October 2022}}</ref>
*'''[[NWA All-Star Wrestling]]'''
**[[NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version)|NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (''Vancouver version'')]] (1 time) - with [[Dennis Stamp]]
*'''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]'''
**Ranked No. '''274''' of the top 500 singles in the "[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]" in 1992
**Ranked No. '''383''' of the top 500 singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
*'''[[Tokyo Sports]]'''
**[[Tokyo Sports Puroresu Awards#Best Bout Award|Match of the Year Award]] (1979) with [[Abdullah the Butcher]] vs. [[Antonio Inoki]] and [[Giant Baba]] on August 26<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/wrestling/wrestling_past1/|script-title=ja:東京スポーツプロレス大賞|access-date=2014-01-20|work=[[Tokyo Sports]]|language=ja}}</ref>
*'''[[Universal Wrestling Association]]'''
**[[UWA World Heavyweight Championship]] ([[UWA World Heavyweight Championship#Title history|2 times]])<ref name=DiaFeb17>{{cite web | url=http://superluchas.com/2015/02/17/en-un-dia-como-hoy-1980-mil-mascaras-y-canek-exponen-sus-respectivas-versiones-del-campeonato-mundial-de-peso-completo/ | title=En un día como hoy… 1980: Mil Máscaras y Canek exponen sus respectivas versiones del Campeonato Mundial de Peso Completo | first=Teddy | last=Centinela | date=February 17, 2015 | access-date=July 1, 2015 | work=SuperLuchas Magazine | language=es}}</ref>
*'''[[World Championship Wrestling (Australia)]]'''
**[[IWA World Tag Team Championship (WCW Australia)|IWA World Tag Team Championship]] ([[IWA World Heavyweight Championship (WCW Australia)#Title history|1 time]]) – with [[Harry Fujiwara|Mr. Fuji]]
*'''[[World Wrestling Association]]'''
**WWA World Martial Arts Championship (1 time)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.sceneandheard.ca/article.php?id=1080&morgue=1|title=Unleashing a Tiger: Documenting the struggles and sacrifices of a wrestling icon|publisher=Scene and Heard|author=Tedesco, Antoine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505075751/http://www.sceneandheard.ca/article.php?id=1080&morgue=1|archive-date=2009-05-05}}

==External links==
*[http://tigerjeetsinghfoundation.com/ Tiger Jeet Singh Foundation’s Japan Relief Campaign]
*[http://www.garywill.com/wrestling/canada/singh.htm Page of Fame]
* {{professional wrestling profiles}}

{{Navboxes|
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{{FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship}}
{{UWA World Heavyweight Championship}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Tiger Jeet}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:20th-century professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Canadian male actors of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian male professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Indian male professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Expatriate professional wrestlers in Japan]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Ludhiana]]
[[Category:People from Milton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Professional wrestlers from Ontario]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Milton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Stampede Wrestling alumni]]
[[Category:FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Champions]]
[[Category:UWA World Heavyweight Champions]]
[[Category:NWF Heavyweight Champions]]
[[Category:NWF North American Heavyweight Champions]]
[[Category:NWA International Tag Team Champions (Toronto version)]]
[[Category:NWA United States Heavyweight Champions (Toronto version)]]
[[Category:NWA North American Tag Team Champions (Los Angeles/Japan version)]]
[[Category:IWA World Tag Team Champions (Australia)]]
[[Category:NWA International Tag Team Champions]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Canadian sportspeople of Indian descent]]

ThePrint

2023-05-05T22:34:45Z

BBEntertainment: Designed a new article.

{{Short description|Indian online news website}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox website
| name = The Print
| logo = ThePrint logo.png
| screenshot = ThePrint Screenshot 16 Sept 2021.png
| url = {{URL|https://theprint.in/}}
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[News media]]
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| country_of_origin = [[India]]
| owner = Printline Media Pvt. Ltd.
| author = [[Shekhar Gupta]]
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2017|08}}
| revenue = Ads, subscription
}}

'''The Print''' is an Indian online newspaper, owned by Printline Media Pvt Ltd.<ref name="InCorp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tofler.in/printline-media-private-limited/company/U22130DL2016PTC306028|title=Printline Media Private Limited|website=www.tofler.in|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902033825/https://www.tofler.in/printline-media-private-limited/company/U22130DL2016PTC306028|url-status=live}}</ref> It was launched by journalist [[Shekhar Gupta]] in August 2017.<ref name="AA-20170717a">{{cite news|title=Shekhar Gupta's media venture gets big names on-board|url=http://www.asianage.com/business/companies/110717/shekhar-guptas-media-venture-gets-big-names-on-board.html|access-date=18 June 2018|work=[[The Asian Age]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180803/http://www.asianage.com/business/companies/110717/shekhar-guptas-media-venture-gets-big-names-on-board.html|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="financialexpress">{{cite news|title=ThePrint raises funding from corporate bigwigs Ratan Tata, Narayana Murthy, Nandan Nilekani, Uday Kotak, others|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/theprint-raises-funding-from-corporate-bigwigs-ratan-tata-narayana-murthy-nandan-nilekani-uday-kotak-others/759296/|access-date=18 June 2018|work=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180929/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/theprint-raises-funding-from-corporate-bigwigs-ratan-tata-narayana-murthy-nandan-nilekani-uday-kotak-others/759296/|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
Printline Media Pvt. Ltd, founded by journalist [[Shekhar Gupta]],<ref name="AA-20170717a"/> was incorporated in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] in 16th of September 2016.<ref name="InCorp"/>

ThePrint is noted for focusing on politics and policy.<ref name="CNN-20180404"">{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/03/asia/india-fake-news-intl/index.html|title=India makes U-turn after proposing to punish 'fake news' publishers|last1=Pokharel|first1=Sugam|access-date=1 September 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422163649/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/03/asia/india-fake-news-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 April 2018|publisher=CNN|last2=Berlinger|first2=Joshua|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The venture is associated with the ''Off the Cuff'' programme that is broadcast on {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Tak]]|italic=no}} and promoted on ThePrint's YouTube and Facebook channels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest/litfest-2017/speakers/shekhar-gupta/articleshow/61117722.cms|title=Shekhar Gupta|access-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190902085712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest/litfest-2017/speakers/shekhar-gupta/articleshow/61117722.cms|archive-date=2 September 2019|website=The Times of India|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In May 2017, It has received an undisclosed amount of funding from [[N.R. Narayana Murthy]], [[Nandan Nilekani]], [[Ratan Tata]], [[Kiran Mazumdar Shaw]], Uday Kotak, [[Vijay Shekhar Sharma]], Rajiv C. Mody, Ravi Thakran, [[Bhavish Aggarwal]], [[Nirmal Jain]], [[R. Venkatraman]], Karan Bhagat and Yatin Shah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/wZvHR4E6sGu9n6Q76kJGQI/Shekhar-Guptas-The-Print-raises-funds-from-Ratan-Tata-Nand.html|title=Shekhar Gupta's The Print raises funds from Ratan Tata, Nandan Nilekani, Uday Kotak|last1=Bansal|first1=Shuchi|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|access-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181157/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/wZvHR4E6sGu9n6Q76kJGQI/Shekhar-Guptas-The-Print-raises-funds-from-Ratan-Tata-Nand.html|archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/printline-media-gets-funding/article19259075.ece|title=Printline Media gets funding|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302094534/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/printline-media-gets-funding/article19259075.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/theprint-raises-funding-from-tata-narayana-murthy-others/1096729|title=ThePrint raises funding from Tata, Narayana Murthy, others|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620203728/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/theprint-raises-funding-from-tata-narayana-murthy-others/1096729|archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref>

Gupta, as his position in editor-in-chief, in a letter to readers stated the mission of the ThePrint was to be "factual and liberal".<ref name="TheLetter">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/letter-editor-chief/|title=Letter from the Editor-in-Chief|last=Gupta|first=Shekhar|website=ThePrint|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514065629/https://theprint.in/letter-editor-chief/|archive-date=14 May 2018|access-date=2 September 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ThePrint has claimed to commit to its code of ethics for journalists which it has published on its website.<ref name="TP-about">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/about-us/|title=About – ThePrint|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194311/https://theprint.in/about-us/|archive-date=26 August 2019|access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="TP-ethics">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/code-of-ethics/|title=Code Of Ethics – ThePrint|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616234544/https://theprint.in/code-of-ethics/|archive-date=16 June 2018|access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref>

== Products ==

=== Website ===
ThePrint, being a new media digital platform primarily publishes its news stories on its website with majority of coverage in the [[English language]]. The platform additionally has a [[Hindi language]] edition of the website as well.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ThePrint Hindi - Latest News in Hindi, हिंदी समाचार, हिंदी न्यूज़, India, राजनीति, देश, विदेश, मत-विमत {{!}} दिप्रिंट हिंदी|url=https://hindi.theprint.in/|access-date=2020-11-20|website=ThePrint Hindi|language=en-US|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919135343/https://hindi.theprint.in/|url-status=live}}</ref> The news coverage is divided into factual news reporting and opinion pieces.

==== Subscription ====
The website is primarily supported by digital ad revenue, however it allows one time donations and recurring subscription from patrons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Support Our Journalism – ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/subscribe/|access-date=2020-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909144858/https://theprint.in/subscribe/|archive-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> Subscription is open to both local and international audience in both local currency(INR) and USD. The subscriptions are voluntary and all the coverage is open to non subscribers as well.

==== Off The Cuff ====
Off The Cuff is a series of candid talk shows organized in collaboration with {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Tak]]|italic=no}} and launched in February 2016, though recent editions have been online only editions hosted by ThePrint alone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Off The Cuff – ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/off-the-cuff/|access-date=2020-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909043205/https://theprint.in/off-the-cuff/|archive-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> It hosts prominent personalities from across the spectrum in engaging conversations, some of its prominent guests being [[Amish Tripathi]], [[Gita Gopinath]], [[Martin Wolf]] and [[Francis Fukuyama]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Off The Cuff|url=https://theprint.in/off-the-cuff/|access-date=2020-11-20|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=9 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909043205/https://theprint.in/off-the-cuff/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://theprint.in/}}

{{Media of India}}
{{Newspapers of India}}

[[Category:Newspapers established in 2017]]
[[Category:Indian news websites]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Delhi]]

{{news-website-stub}}

Haryanka dynasty

2022-04-04T04:44:08Z

BBEntertainment: Added content update.

{{Short description|Third ruling dynasty of Magadha}}

{{More citations needed}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Haryanka Dynasty
| common_name = Haryanka dynasty
| year_start = 544 BCE
| year_end = 413 BCE
| p1 = Pradyota dynasty
| p2 = Kosala
| p3 = Vedic period
| s1 = Shishunaga dynasty
| image_map = Magadha Expansion (6th-4th centuries BCE).png
| image_map_caption = The approximate extent of the Haryanka dynasty between the 6th and 5th century BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (a)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>
| capital = [[Rajgir|Rajagriha]] later [[Pataliputra]]
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] [[Magadhi Prakrit]] [[Prakrit|Other Prakrits]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| title_leader = [[List of Magadha monarchs#House of Haryanka|Maharaja]]
| year_leader1 = 544-492 BCE
| leader1 = [[Bimbisara]]
| year_leader2 = 492-460 BCE
| leader2 = [[Ajatashatru]]
| year_leader3 = 460-444 BCE
| leader3 = [[Udayin]]
| year_leader4 = 444-440 BCE
| leader4 = <nowiki>Anuruddha</nowiki>
| year_leader5 = 440-437 BCE
| leader5 = <nowiki>Munda</nowiki>
| leader6 = [[Nāgadāsaka]]
| year_leader6 = 437-413 BCE
| today = [[India]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]] [[Jainism]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dundas|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ|title=The Jains|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-50165-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Buddhism]] {{Sfn|Rao|2012|p=92}}
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
}}

The '''Haryanka dynasty''' was the third ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]], an empire of [[ancient India]]. Initially, the capital was [[Rajagriha]]. Later, it was shifted to [[Pataliputra]], near the present-day [[Patna]] in [[India]] during the reign of [[Udayin]]. [[Bimbisara]] is considered as the main founder of the dynasty.

According to the Buddhist text, the [[Mahavamsa]], Bimbisara was appointed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen.<ref>{{Harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=97}}</ref>

This dynasty was succeeded by the [[Shishunaga dynasty]].

==Governance==
The governance structure of Haryanka dynasty is mentioned in ancient texts. They mention ''gramakas'' (village headmen) who headed village assemblies and ''mahamatras'' (high-ranking officials) who had executive, judicial and military functions.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}}

Historically, this period coincided with the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]] during the rule of [[Darius I]] from about 517/516 BCE.<ref name=CIB>{{cite book |last1=Beckwith |first1=Christopher I. |title=Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6632-8 |pages=7–12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlCUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7}}</ref>

==Rulers==
===Bimbisara===
{{Main|Bimbisara}}
[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg|thumb|King [[Bimbisara]] of the [[Magadha]]n Haryanka dynasty visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]

Bimbisara reigned from 544 to 492 BCE. The extent of his kingdom is mentioned in ''[[Mahavagga]]''. His advisors included Sona Kolivisa, Sumana (flower gatherer), Koliya (minister), Kumbhaghosaka (treasurer) and [[Jīvaka]] (physician). He was given the title of ''Seniya''.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}}

Both Jain and Buddhist texts claim the king was a follower of their
respective religions. ''[[Uttaradhyayana Sutra]]'' says he was a follower of [[Mahavira]], whereas ''[[Sutta Nipata]]'' depicts him and his wife, [[Khema]], as followers of [[Buddha]]. The latter further mentions he deputed [[Jīvaka]] to assist Buddha's ''[[Sangha]]''.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}} He also married Chellana and [[Kosala Devi]], sister of [[Pasenadi]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|pp=270-271}}

According to [[George Turnour]] and N.L. Dey, the name of the father of Bimbisara was Bhatiya or Bhattiya, but the [[Purana]]s refer him as Hemajit, Kshemajit, Kshetroja or Ksetrauja and the Tibetan texts mention him as [[Mahapadma Nanda|Mahapadma]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=105ff}}</ref>

===Ajatashatru===
{{Main|Ajatashatru}}
[[File:00-machines-of-war-catapult-1708x900.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Ajatashatru]] of Magadha used [[catapults]] against the [[Licchavi (kingdom)|Licchavi]]s.]]
Ajatashatru reigned from 493 to 462 BCE.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}} He married [[Princess Vajira|Vajira]], [[Kosala]]'s princess.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=271}}

In some sources, Bimbisara was imprisoned and killed by his son and successor, [[Ajatashatru]], under whose rule the dynasty reached its largest extent. Ajatashatru was contemporary with [[Mahavira]] (599–527 BCE) and [[Gautama Buddha]] (563–483 BCE). Ajatashatru fought a war against the [[Vajjika League]], ruled by the [[Licchavi (tribe)|Lichhavis]], and conquered them.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=271}}

===Udayin===
{{Main|Udayin}}
Udayin or Udayabhadra is mentioned in Buddhist and Jain texts as the successor of Ajatashatru . ''Puranas'' however mention him as the fourth king after Darshaka.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

===Later rulers===
''Puranas'' mention Nandivardhana and Mahanandin as successors of Udayin. According to Buddhist tradition, Anurudhha, Munda and [[Nagadarshaka]] were his successors.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

===List of Rulers===

*[[Bimbisara]] (544–492 BCE)
*[[Ajatashatru]] (492–460 BCE)
*[[Udayin]] (460–444 BCE)
*Anuruddha (444–440 BCE)
*Munda (440–437 BCE)
*[[Nāgadāsaka]] (437–413 BCE)

==Decline==
Haryanka dynasty was ultimately overthrown out of power by their ''Amatya'' (minister), [[Shishunaga]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

==See also==
* [[Magadha-Vajji war]]
* [[Pradyota dynasty]]
* [[Avanti-Magadhan Wars]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{Citation | surname1 = Raychaudhuri | given1 = H.C. | year = 1972 | title = Political History of Ancient India | publisher = Calcutta: University of Calcutta}}
*{{Citation |surname1 = Bhargava |given1 = P.L. |title = The origins of the Nanda |url =http://www.indologica.com/volumes/vol02/vol02_art02_Bhargava.pdf}}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC|Pearson]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPB7XoSiboUC | title=World history from early times to A D 2000 | first=B .V. | last=Rao | publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | date=2012 | isbn=9788120731882 }}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Haryanka dynasty
| years = middle of 6th century –425 BCE
| before = [[Pradyota dynasty]]
| after = [[Shishunaga dynasty]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haryanka Dynasty}}
[[Category:Haryanka dynasty| ]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Bihar]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 6th century BC]]
[[Category:6th-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:5th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:5th century BC in India]]