Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Sonam Lama (West Bengal politician)

2026-05-08T18:08:29Z

AyushAmar: Done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{For|others|Sonam Lama}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sonam Lama
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kurseong Assembly constituency|Kurseong]]
| predecessor = [[Bishnu Prasad Sharma]]
| term_start = 2026
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Sonam Lama''' is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]] and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonam Lama(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KURSEONG(DARJEELING) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=440 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kurseong Assembly constituency|Kurseong]] constituency in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-05 |title=Kurseong election result 2026: BJP's Sonam Lama defeated BGPM's Amar Lama by 17,007 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kurseong-election-result-2026-bgpms-amar-lama-vs-bjps-sonam-lama/articleshow/130604610.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonam Lama - Election 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/candidate-sonam-lama-11987 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kurseong Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lama, Sonam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

Azad Bharath

2026-05-06T21:25:14Z

AyushAmar: Started stub

{{Short description|2026 Indian film by Roopa Iyer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Azad Bharath
| image = Azad Bharath.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Roopa Iyer]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Roopa Iyer
* Jaya Gopal AB
* Rajendra Rajan
}}
| writer = Roopa Iyer M. Rajendra Rajan
| screenplay = Roopa Iyer
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Shreyas Talpade]]
* Roopa Iyer
* [[Suresh Oberoi]]
}}
| music = Gautham Srivatsa
| cinematography = {{plainlist|
* Hari Vedant
* Shrinivas Ramaiah
}}
| editing = Crazy Mindz Sri
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Zee Studios]]
* India Classic Arts
* Transindia Media
}}
| distributor = Zee Studios
| released = {{Film date|2026|01|02|df=y}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Azad Bharath''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[historical film]] starring [[Shreyas Talpade]], [[Suresh Oberoi]], [[Roopa Iyer]], and [[Indira Tiwari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uniindia.com/~/shreyas-talpade-to-essay-the-role-of-netaji-subhash-chandra-bose-in-azad-bharath/Entertainment/news/3672835.html|title=Shreyas Talpade to essay the role of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in 'Azad Bharath'}}</ref> Directed by Roopa Iyer<ref>{{cite web | title=Roopa revives cinema | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/roopa-revives-cinema/articleshow/125723318.cms }}</ref>, the film is set against the backdrop of the [[Indian National Army]], with a focus on its women's unit, the Rani of Jhansi Regiment (also known as [[Rani of Jhansi Regiment|the Rani Laxmibai Regiment]]).<ref>{{cite web | title='आज़ाद भारत' फिल्म का नया सफर ; रानी झाँसी रेजिमेंट की कहानी बड़े पर्दे पर | A new journey for the film 'Azad Bharat'; the story of the Rani Jhansi Regiment on the big screen | url=https://www.pratahkal.com/entertainment/a-new-journey-for-the-film-azad-bharat-the-story-of-the-rani-jhansi-regiment-on-the-big-screen-1547126 }}</ref> The film is produced by Zee Studios and India Classic Arts and it had its worldwide theatrical release on 2 January 2026.<ref>{{cite web | title=Roopa Iyer's Hindi film Azaad Bharat locks release date | date=2 December 2025 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Dec/02/kannadanews2025dec01roopa-iyers-hindi-film-azaad-bharat-locks-release-date }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-01 |title=This is not just cinema, it’s a reminder of sacrifice, shares Roopa Iyer on Azad Bharath |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/this-is-not-just-cinema-its-a-reminder-of-sacrifice-shares-roopa-iyer-on-azad-bharath/articleshow/126270565.cms |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The film depicts the role of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, a women's combat unit associated with the Indian National Army during India's independence movement. The narrative examines the experiences, training, and participation of women soldiers within the regiment.<ref>{{cite web | last=त्रिपाठी | first=सुभाषिनी | title=न कोई हीरो, न हीरोइन... फिल्म 'आजाद भारत' में दिखेगा महिला रेजिमेंट का वो रूप जो पहले कभी नहीं देखा | website=NDTV India | date=23 December 2025 | url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/azad-bharat-movie-roopa-iyer-shreyas-talpade-netaji-female-regiment-untold-story-9903791 | language=hi | access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref>

The storyline highlights the life of Neera Arya, presented as one of the regiment's members, using her experiences to represent the broader participation of women in the armed resistance movement of the period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/neera-arya-first-indian-female-spy-biopic-announced/2759046|title=Neera Arya: वो वीरांगना.. जो कहलाई पहली महिला जासूस, देशभक्ति के लिए पति का किया कत्ल|website=Zee-Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/roopa-iyers-azad-bharath-brings-inas-women-fighters-back-in-focus-1925844|title=Roopa Iyer's Azad Bharath Brings INA's Women Fighters Back in Focus|date=23 December 2025|website=deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Shreyas Talpade]] as [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]
* [[Roopa Iyer]] as [[Neera Arya]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |first=ABP Live |date=2026-01-02 |title=Azad Bharath Review: Roopa Iyer Brings Forgotten Freedom Fighter Neera Arya’s Story To Life |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movies-azad-bharath-review-roopa-iyer-brings-forgotten-freedom-fighter-neera-arya-s-story-to-life-1819958 |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Suresh Oberoi]] as Chhaju Ramji<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/suresh-oberoi-on-how-vivek-overcame-struggles-in-industry-1926773|title=Today, Actors Come With Entourages: Suresh Oberoi|first=Lipika|last=Varma|date=28 December 2025|website=deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>
* [[Subhash Chandra|Dr. Subhash Chandra]] as Neera's mentor
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Shrikant Ranjan Das
* [[Indira Tiwari]] as Saraswati Rajamani
* Suchendra Prasad

==Production==
The film is produced by Roopa Iyer, Jayagopal A.B., and M. Rajendra Rajan. It is jointly backed by India Classic Arts and [[Zee Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/mr/entertainment/exclusive-interview-actor-director-roopa-iyer-about-azad-bharath-maharashtra-news-mhs25122902712|title=Exclusive Interview: रूपा अय्यर - मी महाविद्यालयीन विद्यार्थी, बालसुधारगृहातील मुले आणि कारागृहातील कैद्यांना भगवद्गीतेद्वारे जीवन कसे जगावे हे शिकवते!|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=29 December 2025|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref> The film's music and background score are composed by Gautham Srivatsa, with lyrics written by [[Sameer Anjaan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/entertainment/lyricist-sameer-anjaan-unveils-title-song-of-azad-bharath-at-mumbai-event|title=Lyricist Sameer Anjaan Unveils Title Song of Azad Bharath at Mumbai Event|website=firstindia.co.in}}</ref> [[Amruta Fadnavis]] sang the vocals for the film's anthem.<ref>{{cite web | title=Lucky to Contribute to Netaji's Legacy" Amruta Fadnavis on Her Special Association with Azad Bharath | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2025/lucky-to-contribute-to-netaji-s-legacy-amruta-fadnavis-on-her-special-association-with-azad-bharath-492951.html?category=&search=Bharath+ }}</ref> The official trailer of Azad Bharath was launched in Mumbai by Amruta Fadnavis.<ref>{{cite web | title=Amruta Fadnavis: The most inspiring part of Netaji's legacy is how he uplifted women | url=https://ianslive.in/amruta-fadnavis-the-most-inspiring-part-of-netajis-legacy-is-creating-rani-jhansi-regiment--20251212162215 }}</ref>

==Reception==
Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 1.5/5 stars and said that "Although the film takes up an important and powerful chapter of history, its treatment and execution make it an underwhelming outing."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dhaval|last=Roy|title=Azad Bharath Movie Review: This powerful story deserved better narrative and execution|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/azad-bharath/movie-review/126321738.cms|date=3 January 2026|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Azad Bharath is a reminder that freedom movements are not only led by famous voices, but also by fearless footsteps that history sometimes fails to record. The film honors those footsteps — loud enough for the present to hear."<ref>{{cite web|first=Vinamra|last=Mathur|title='Azad Bharath' Movie Review: Shreyas Talpade shines as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in an intricate and intriguing historical|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/azad-bharath-movie-review-shreyas-talpade-shines-as-subhas-chandra-bose-in-an-intricate-and-intriguing-historical-13964508.html|date=1 January 2026|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "If you're looking for a movie that'll leave you feeling inspired and proud, this should be the one."<ref>{{cite web|title=Azad Bharath Review: An Earnest Movie That Needed Better Promotion|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/azad-bharath-review-the-movie-is-a-must-watch-1927827|date=2 January 2026|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

''[[ABP News]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "Azad Bharath stands out as a powerful patriotic film that restores the legacy of a forgotten heroine. With research-driven direction, strong performances, and emotional resonance, the film emerges as one of the most impactful entries in the genre this year. More than a cinematic experience, it serves as a tribute to courage and remembrance."<ref>{{cite web|title=Azad Bharath Review: Roopa Iyer Brings Forgotten Freedom Fighter Neera Arya's Story To Life|url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movies-azad-bharath-review-roopa-iyer-brings-forgotten-freedom-fighter-neera-arya-s-story-to-life-1819958|date=2 January 2026|website=ABP News}}</ref>

Bhawna Arya of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and writes her review that "Azad Bharath is a powerful, moving tribute to the unsung women of India’s freedom struggle. With strong direction, gripping performances, and an emotional core, it’s more than a historical drama; it’s a reminder that history is made not just by famous names, but by fearless footsteps that demand to be remembered."<ref>{{cite web|first=Bhawna|last=Arya|title=Azad Bharath Review: Shreyas Talpade Delivers Powerful Performance In Moving Tribute To INA's Unsung Heroes|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/azad-bharath-review-shreyas-talpade-delivers-powerful-performance-as-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-in-moving-tribute-to-inas-unsung-heroes-review-153382153|date=2 January 2026|website=Times Now}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt39089025}}
* {{BH movie|azad-bharath}}

[[Category:2026 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Films about Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]

Early Pandyan society

2026-04-30T21:48:00Z

AyushAmar: New A Article V1

{{Short description|Dynasties of ancient Tamil}}
{{TNhistory}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
The '''Early Pandyas''' were one of the dynasties that ruled the [[ancient Tamil country]] from the pre-Christian era to about 200 AD. The [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] works such as [[Mathuraikkanci]], [[Netunalvatai]] and the [[Purananuru]] collection give a lot of information about the life and habits of the people during this age.

==People==
The Tamil society during the early Pandyan age had several class distinctions among the people, which were different from the [[Vedic]] classification of [[Brahmins]], [[Kshatriyas]], [[Vaishyas]] and [[Shudras]].<ref name="Kanakasabhai">{{cite book
| last = Kanakasabhai
| title = The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago
| pages = 113–114}}</ref> The highest class below the king, among the Tamils, was the ''Arivar'' or the sages. They were the ascetics that renounced materialism and mostly lived outside the cities. Next in rank were the ''Ulavar'' or the farmers. Following the ''Ulavar'' were the ''Poruppan'' or the armed warriors, then comes ''Aayar'' or shepherds, then comes ''Vedduvar'' or hunters, followed by artisans such as goldsmiths, blacksmiths etc., then the ''Valayar'' or fishermen and finally the ''[[Pulayar]]'' or the scavengers.<ref name="Kanakasabhai"/> The higher classes enjoyed more privileges than the lower classes - for example, when the higher classes passed in the streets, the lower classes made way for them. The ''Pulayan'', for example, bowed in supplication if he met a nobleman. The class distinctions were quite conspicuous in many aspects of life - the dress worn by the people, the way they groomed themselves and the kind of food they subsisted on were all different from one class to another. In spite of such class-based social inequalities, there was no slavery in the society.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Husaini
| title = The History of the Pandya Country
| pages = 31}}</ref>

There were several occupational groups among the people, like washermen, carpenters, blacksmiths, sculptors, goldsmiths, tailors, jewelers, potters, musicians, priests, oilmongers, wine sellers, prostitutes, actresses and cobblers. Each occupational group lived in its own locality called a ''Cheri'' - an arrangement that was made to locate each group without any difficulty, which may have led to the caste system eventually.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 1–2}}</ref>

==Role of women==
There was legal and social inequality between the sexes. Women had no property rights, and in general, were subordinate to men.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Subrahmanian
| title = History of Tamilnad
| pages = 346–347}}</ref> However, women mixed freely in the business and amusements of social life. In towns and cities, women of lower classes were employed as hawkers, vendors, shopkeepers or servants in rich households and in the villages, they worked in the fields and gardens along with men and shared their hardships. The ladies of the higher classes were more confined to their homes, but they were not secluded from society. On festive occasions they joined processions and went out to invite their friends and relations. Owing to the freedom enjoyed by women, it was possible for young people to court each other before marriage.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Husaini
| title = The History of the Pandya Country
| pages = 33}}</ref> However, the plight of a widow was miserable – they were considered inauspicious and had to live life according to very strict rules. They were prohibited from decorating themselves or participating in any form of amusement. The practice of [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] was also prevalent in ancient Tamil country and was known as ''tippaydal''.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 31–32}}</ref> When the Pandyan king Pudappandiyan died, his queen Perungopendu killed herself by ascending the funeral pyre of the king.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Pillai
| first = Sivaraja
| title = The Chronology of the Early Tamils
| pages = 112–113}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 31}}</ref> Women were exposed to education, a fact testified by the presence of at least thirty women poets in the [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] works, including [[Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)|Avvaiyar]], Mudatamakkanniar, Kaakkaippaadiniyaar, Naachchellayaar, Naagaiyaar, Nanmullaiyaar, Ponmudiyaar, Ilaveyiniyaar and Nappasaliyaar.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Sundararajan
| title = Ancient Tamil Country
| pages = 154}}</ref>

==Clothing==
A variety of clothing was used by people during this age, including those made of pure cotton and silk.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 34}}</ref> People living in hilly and deserted areas wore dresses made of foliage and flowers. Sheaths of grassy weeds (''Korai'') were used for making dress by the hill and forest area people. Skins of animals and barks of trees were also used. Men of the poorer classes wore only one piece of cloth around the waist. Among the higher classes, men wore two pieces: one around the waist and the other, the upper cloth, thrown over the shoulders.<ref name="Balambal 2">{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 2}}</ref> Both men and women sported long tresses of hair. Women plaited their hair while they were unmarried and after marriage, decorated their hair in five different ways – ''Kulal'', ''Alagam'', ''Kondai'' (elderly women tying up their hair), ''Paniccai'' (dressing hair in shape of plantain flower) and ''Tuncai''. Widows were not permitted to have tresses of hair. Women also applied a cream of scented clay on their hair for the fragrance and the cooling effect. Women, except widows, wore colorful tilakam on their foreheads and used collyrium to beautify their eyelashes and brows.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 3}}</ref>

==Diet==
The diet was plain, rice being the staple cereal, with maize, millet, milk, butter and honey being in common use.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Kanakasabhai
| title = The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago
| pages = 125}}</ref> The ''[[Paravar|Paratavar]]'' (fisherman) ate fish as their main food, whereas people in the [[Sangam landscape#Mullai .E2.80.93 Forests|Mullai]] regions used dairy products heavily. [[Sangam landscape#Kurinji .E2.80.93 Mountainous Region|Kurinji]] people ate meat obtained by hunting. Rice flakes were eaten with milk, honey, [[ghee]] and [[jaggery]]. [[black pepper|pepper]], [[tamarind]] and salt were used during cooking. [[Ghee]] was used by rich people. Vegetables and fruits were part of their meals. Meat eating was common - people ate flesh of rams, deer, hare, fowl, porcupines, pigs and boar, fresh and dried fish.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 4}}</ref>

==Housing==
The kind of housing was determined by the [[Sangam landscape|type of geography of the land]] and the economic status of the occupants. The [[Sangam landscape#Mullai .E2.80.93 Forests|Mullai]] and [[Sangam landscape#Marutham .E2.80.93 Cropland|Marutam]] people lived in comfortable and bigger houses compared to that of the [[Sangam landscape#Kurinji .E2.80.93 Mountainous Region|Kurinji]] and [[Sangam landscape#Neithal .E2.80.93 Seashore|Neital]] people who lived in huts since they had to live near hilly regions and the seashore respectively.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Balambal
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| pages = 1}}</ref> The rich built their houses with tiled roofs and walls made of burnt bricks and mud, while the poor built their huts with mud and thatched it with grass, coconut leaves or [[palmyra palm]] leaves. Both in the huts and houses, the flooring was smeared with cowdung. The affluent had houses with porticoes, many storeys, open terraces and furnished their houses well. The inner walls of their houses were decorated with flowers and paintings, with cottages to protect them from the wind. Cots were in common use – the rich had luxurious beds decked with swan's feathers and flowers, while the common people had beds woven with the straw of maize and the poorest people used beds made of grass or hay.<ref name="Balambal 2"/>

==Ancient Madurai==
The [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] poems [[Mathuraikkanci]] and [[Netunalvatai]] give a vivid description of the city of [[Madurai]] and the king's palace, under the rule of the [[Early Pandyan Kingdom|Early Pandyas]]. The main streets were long and broad, with most buildings on either side of them being lofty mansions with upper stories furnished with many windows. A flag was hoisted at every temple and after each victory of the king, gorgeous colors were unfurled in the temples, giving the city a festive look. When the troops returned from successful missions, they brought with them war booty such as elephants, horses, cattle and beautifully carved fortress gates. Feudatory chiefs followed with their tributes to the king, while [[conch|conch shells]] were blown to warn pedestrians off the road. The king's palace was built lavishly, surrounded by spacious lawns and enclosed within high walls. The gateways to the palace were massive, rivetted with iron and provided with large bolts and bars. The king ran his business seated from an audience hall in the presence of his council of ministers, military chiefs and other officers.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Husaini
| title = The History of the Pandya Country
| pages = 23–26}}</ref>

The Sangam poems also give a detailed account of the day-to-day routine of the inhabitants of Madurai during this period: Long before dawn, musicians tuned their lutes and practiced upon them, pastry cooks cleaned the floors of their shops and [[Palm wine|toddy]] sellers opened their taverns for early customers. Minstrels went around singing their morning blessings. At sunrise, [[conch|conch shells]] boomed and big drums resounded in temples, monasteries and the palace of the king. Flower-sellers and vendors of fragrant powders, [[areca nut]]s and [[betel|betel leaves]] strolled the streets. Elderly women with tempting dainties and sweet smelling flowers went from door to door offering the articles for sale. The wealthy classes drove in chariots pulled by horses or rode on ambling steeds which were trained to special paces. In the great market, which was held in an extensive square, several articles were put up for sale such as garlands of flowers, fragrant pastes, coats with metallic belts, leather sandals, weapons, shields, carts, chariots and ornamented chariot steps. The garment shops sold clothing of various colors and patterns, made of cotton, silk or wool and were neatly arranged in rows. In the grain merchants' street, sacks of pepper and sixteen kinds of grains including paddy, millet, gram, peas and sesame seeds were heaped along the street. The jewellers, who conducted business from a separate street, sold precious articles such as diamonds, [[pearl]]s, [[emerald]]s, [[ruby|rubies]], [[sapphire]]s, [[topaz]], coral beads and varieties of gold. In the cool hours of the evening, the nobleman drove out on their chariots accompanied by attendants clad in red garments, who ran by the side of the chariots. The ladies appeared on the high terraces of their mansions, wearing ankle rings and golden bracelets with the fragrances from their perfumes spreading through the streets. The merchants of perishable articles move about the streets disposing of unsold merchandise. Hotels and restaurants are crowded with visitors who feast upon the meals served. A flourish of music from trumpets and other instruments summoned people to the evening worship, following which families proceeded to their places of worship to offer prayers. As the sun set, lamps were lit in each house. Youths, drunken soldiers and [[harlot]]s decked with jewels and flowers started walking the streets. During festival season, processions of the deities were common, accompanied by dancing and loud music. By nightfall, petty traders closed up their shops and some of them went to sleep outside their stalls. Night guards started patrolling the streets, with bows and arrows, even during dark and rainy nights.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Husaini
| title = The History of the Pandya Country
| pages = 22–27}}</ref>

== References ==
* {{cite book
| last = Balambal
| first = V
| title = Studies in the History of the Sangam Age
| year = 1998
| publisher = Kalinga Publications, Delhi}}
* {{cite book
| last = Sastri
| first = K.A. Nilakanta
| title = The Pandyan Kingdom: From the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century
| year = 1972
| publisher = Swathi Publications, Madras}}
* {{cite book
| last = Husaini
| first = Dr. S.A.Q.
| title = The History of the Pandya Country
| year = 1962
| publisher = Selvi Pathippakam, Karaikudi}}
* {{cite book
| last = Pillai
| first = Sivaraja
| title = The Chronology of the Early Tamils
| orig-year = 1932| year = 1984
| publisher = Asian Educational Services, New Delhi}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kanakasabhai
| first = V
| title = The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago
| year = 1904
| publisher = Asian Educational Services, New Delhi}}
* {{cite book
| last = Subrahmanian
| first = N
| title = History of Tamilnad
| year = 1972
| publisher = Koodal Publishers, Madurai}}
* {{cite book
| last = Sundararajan
| first = Dr.S.
| title = Ancient Tamil Country
| year = 1991
| publisher = Navrang Booksellers and Publishers, New Delhi}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Pandya dynasty}}

[[Category:Sangam period]]
[[Category:Pandya dynasty]]
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]

S. A. Rawoof

2026-04-29T20:40:47Z

AyushAmar: adding new data

{{Short description|Indian communist politician (1924–2014)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = SA Rawoof (d 2014).webp
| caption =
| birth_name = Sheik Abdul Rawoof
| birth_date = 1924
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|2|9|1924|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]] [[India]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation =
}}
'''Sheik Abdul Rawoof''' (1924 – 9 February 2014) was an Indian [[communist]] leader from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was known by the [[nom de guerre]] "Viswam" or by his initials "SAR".<ref name=mart/> He was a senior cadre of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] in Andhra Pradesh, and, as an ideological hardliner, went on to lead his faction after the CPI(ML) disintegrated. He served as the secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari]] from 1998 to 2006. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in connection with different criminal cases and spent a total of 12 years in jail.<ref name=nax>{{cite news|author=Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) NAXALBARI|date=20 February 2014|title=In Memory of Comrade S. A. Rawoof}}</ref>

==Youth==
Born in 1924, Rawoof hailed from a middle-class Muslim family in Kutagulla village, [[Kadiri taluk]], [[Anantapur district]], in present-day Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=jyothi1/><ref name=bth/><ref name=sakh1/><ref name=sakh2>{{cite news|url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/as-rawoof-no-more-104732https://web.archive.org/web/20201130231931/https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/comrade-sheikh-abdul-rauf-death-anniversary-story-1262107|newspaper=Sakshi|date=9 February 2020|title=అలుపెరుగని ఉద్యమ గురువు రవూఫ్‌|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306203654/http://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/as-rawoof-no-more-104732https://web.archive.org/web/20201130231931/https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/comrade-sheikh-abdul-rauf-death-anniversary-story-1262107 |archive-date=6 March 2016 }}</ref> He attended Kadiri High School and later obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Anantapur College.<ref name=sakh1/><ref name=jyothi1>{{cite news|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2024/editorial/communist-rauf-in-memory-of-kadiri-seema-1208588.html|title= కదిరి సీమ స్మృతిలో కమ్యూనిస్టు రవూఫ్‌|date=9 February 2024|newspaper=Andhra Jyothi}}</ref> During his college years, he became a sympathiser of the [[Communist Party of India]], influenced by the [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana armed struggle]],<ref name=mart/>  and subsequently became a party member.<ref name=mart/>

Rawoof worked as a teacher at Kadiri Vemana Board School for a period.<ref name="sakh1">{{cite news|url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/as-rawoof-no-more-104732|newspaper=Sakshi|date=11 February 2014|title=కొదమ సింహం లేదిక..|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306203654/http://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/as-rawoof-no-more-104732 |archive-date=6 March 2016 }}</ref> He studied law in [[Madanapalle]], [[Chittoor district]], and obtained his law degree in 1964.<ref name="jyothi1" /> He initially worked as an assistant to a lawyer in Madanapalle<ref name="jyothi1" /> before practising law in Anantapur district.<ref name="bth" /><ref name="kba">Balagopal, K. ''[http://www.jstor.org/stable/4375902 Incarceration of S A Rauf: Right to Life vs Security of State]''. ''Economic and Political Weekly'', vol. 21, no. 29, 1986, pp. 1249–5</ref>

==Party leader in Kadiri taluk==
Rawoof contested local elections and became the first communist municipal chairman of Kadiri.<ref name=mart/> As municipal chairman, one of his first actions was to cancel the housing tax for poor and middle-class residents.<ref name=mart/><ref name=sakh2/> He worked closely with local communist leader [[Nawab Mayana Nizam Vali|Nizamvali]].<ref name=jyothi1/>

During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], Rawoof sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)).<ref name="mart" /> As a local leader of the CPI, and later the CPI(M), he was involved in mass organisation work in the Kadiri taluk area.<ref name="mart" /> In 1965, he was arrested under the Preventive Detention Act.<ref name="mart" /> Among his fellow prisoners at the Secunderabad District Jail were state-level CPI(M) leaders in Andhra Pradesh, such as [[T. Nagi Reddy]] and [[Chandra Pulla Reddy]].<ref name="mart" /> They conducted political classes in the jail, which included critiques of the CPI(M)'s political line.<ref name="mart" /> While at Secunderabad District Jail, Rawoof, who until then had been a local-level leader, was exposed to political struggles beyond his home region.<ref name="mart" />

Rawoof stood as the CPI(M) candidate for the [[Kadiri Assembly constituency|Kadiri constituency]] in the [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. He finished second in the constituency, securing 9,138 votes (21.20%).<ref name="sakh2" /><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://ceotelangana.nic.in/Archives/StasticalReports/StatRep_AP_1967.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ANDHRA PRADESH]''</ref>

==Naxalbari uprising==
As the CPI(M) was undergoing internal divisions, the Kadiri party unit was dissolved, and its cadres joined [[T. Nagi Reddy]]'s [[Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (APCCCR) en masse.<ref name=mart/> Around this time, Rawoof met two [[Rayalaseema]]-level leaders, Mahadevan and C. K. Narayana Reddy, who informed him that T. Nagi Reddy was rejecting [[Charu Mazumdar]]'s line on issues such as armed struggle, election boycotts, and underground party organisation. They advised Rawoof to organise his group independently, which he, along with others, began to do.<ref name=mart/> In February 1969, the APCCCR was expelled from the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR).<ref name=mart/> Rawoof was invited to the 28 February 1969 [[Guttikonda Bilam]] meeting, at which the new Andhra Pradesh AICCCR unit was to be organised, but was unable to attend.<ref name=mart/>

He attended a state-level meeting of the AICCCR in [[Visakhapatnam]] from 14 to 16 May 1969 as a special invitee.<ref name=mart/> Rawoof subsequently joined the AICCCR and became a member of its Andhra Pradesh State Committee.<ref name=bth/> Shortly thereafter, he was arrested and detained in Visakhapatnam Jail under the Preventive Detention Act.<ref name=mart/> While in jail, he met [[Adibhatla Kailasam]], [[Nagbhushan Patnaik]], Dr. Mallik, and several [[Girijan]] revolutionaries from the [[Srikakulam peasant uprising|Srikakulam armed struggle]].<ref name=mart/> He was released after a few days.<ref name=mart/>

Rawoof participated in the founding of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] (CPI(ML)) on 22 April 1969.<ref name=bth/> Following party instructions, he abandoned his legal career.<ref name=bth/><ref name=nax/> Later in 1969, CPI(ML) Andhra Pradesh State Secretary Chaudhuri Tejeswar Rao convened a meeting of cadres from Anantapur district, presenting the experiences of the [[Naxalbari uprising]], Mazumdar's positions, and instructions to organise armed squads and initiate militant actions in the area. Preparations were made for actions in the Erramala region, but the plan was suspended. In early January 1970, Mahadevan convened the Rayalaseema Regional Committee of the party, which finalised plans for armed actions in Anantapur, Nellore, and Chittoor districts. On 17 January 1970, around forty cadres participated in the attacks. Following these events, Rawoof and six others went underground.<ref name=mart/>

He attended the CPI(ML) Andhra Pradesh state conference in Mysore from 28 March to 2 April 1970, where he was elected to the nine-member State Committee of the party.<ref name=bth/><ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/> Rawoof was elected as a delegate to the CPI(ML) party congress scheduled to be held in Calcutta on 16 May 1970 but was unable to attend due to logistical constraints.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/>

Rawoof was one of four people to attend a CPI(ML) Central Committee meeting in Calcutta in June 1972, alongside Charu Mazumdar, fellow Andhra Pradesh leader K. G. Sathyamurthy, and Jagjit Singh Sohal from Punjab.<ref name=dbo/><ref>Sumanta Banerjee. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=IRgeAAAAMAAJ India's Simmering Revolution: The Naxalite Uprising]''. Zed Books, 1984. p. 204</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=vaDaAAAAMAAJThe Naxalites Through the Eyes of the Police: Select Notifications from the Calcutta Police Gazette, 1967-1975]''. Dey's Publishing, 2007. p. 188</ref><ref name=aksa/> Years later, Rawoof recalled that Mazumdar had expressed self-criticism, referring to the critique from the [[Communist Party of China]] on the slogan "China's Chairman is Our Chairman" and the policy of annihilations.<ref name=dbo/><ref name=aksa>Amiya K. Samanta. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=aAw7AAAAMAAJLeft Extremist Movement in West Bengal: An Experiment in Armed Agrarian Struggle]''. Firma KLM, 1984. p. 239</ref>

Following the arrest and death of Mazumdar, the CPI(ML) disintegrated. Rawoof aligned himself with the [[Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] (COC, CPI(ML)), and served as a member of its Andhra Pradesh Provincial Committee (state committee).<ref name=bth/><ref name=crya>Chinna Rao Yagati. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=XefsAAAAMAAJ Perspectives on Economic Development and Social Change: Essays in Honour of Professor K.S. Chalam]''. Rawat Publications, 2009. pp. 254-255</ref>

==Jail==
In March 1973, Rawoof travelled to West Bengal with another person to establish contact with cadres who supported the Mazumdar line.<ref name=mart/> On the night of their arrival, they were arrested at their hotel in [[Howrah]].<ref name=mart/> After spending ten days in police custody, Rawoof was transferred to a jail in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=mart/>

While imprisoned, COC, CPI(ML) leader [[Kondapalli Seetharamaiah]] wrote a self-critical report in 1974, calling for greater attention to mass organisations and mass movements. The report provoked strong reactions among other revolutionary prisoners, some of whom broke away from the party. Although Rawoof was critical of Seetharamaiah's position, he remained in the party at that time.<ref name="mart" />

Following his conviction and life sentence in the Parvathipuram conspiracy case, Rawoof was sent back to West Bengal to face trial in the Alipore conspiracy case (also known historically as the Alipur conspiracy case), along with [[Kanu Sanyal]] and [[Souren Bose]].<ref name="mart" /> He was imprisoned in the [[Alipore Central Jail|Presidency Jail]], often kept alone in a single cell.<ref name="mart" /><ref name="dbo">{{cite web|author=Deepayan Bose|title=Naxalbari and Subsequent Four Decades: A Retrospection|url=https://anvilmag.in/archives/558|work=The Anvil|date=March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913041808/https://anvilmag.in/archives/558 |archive-date=13 September 2024 }}</ref> After the [[Emergency]] ended, he was moved to a barrack where he stayed with other imprisoned revolutionaries.<ref name="mart" />

At a court hearing in Calcutta, held after the [[1977 Indian general election]], Rawoof reaffirmed his loyalty to Mazumdar, argued against expecting change under the new government in Delhi, and called for the continuation of the armed struggle.<ref name="mart" /> Following the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] state government withdrew cases against Naxalites, including the Alipore conspiracy case against Rawoof.<ref name="mart" /> He was then transferred to the [[Rajahmundry Central Prison]], and later to the Secunderabad Jail at his own request.<ref name="mart" />

==APROC==
In 1976, the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Committee broke away from the COC, CPI(ML).<ref name="Committee1982">{{cite book|author=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Central Reorganization Committee|title=Towards a New Phase of Spring Thunder: Evaluation of the CPI(ML) in Its Historical Background|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_R8mAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Central Reorganization Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|pages=137–138}}</ref> In 1977, after a period of reflection, Rawoof parted ways with the organisation in opposition to the new tactical orientation outlined in its "August Resolution", which called for a temporary suspension of armed struggle.<ref name=mart/><ref name=bth/><ref name=crya/> Kondapalli Seetharamaiah argued that such a suspension was necessary in light of the opportunities that had arisen after the withdrawal of the Emergency.<ref name=nax/> Rawoof described the August Resolution as "revisionist" and attempted to contact Seetharamaiah from jail to present his views.<ref name=nax/><ref name=crya/> Revolutionary prisoners were divided between supporters and opponents of the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Committee.<ref name=mart/>

After breaking with the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Committee, Rawoof formed his own party in Andhra Pradesh, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganising Committee, CPI(ML) (APROC).<ref name="mart" /><ref name="bth" /><ref name="nax" /> APROC denounced the new leadership of the Communist Party of China under [[Deng Xiaoping]], the [[Three Worlds Theory]], and the line of the [[Party of Labour of Albania]].<ref name="mart" /> It reaffirmed the "Charu Mazumdar proletarian revolutionary line", advocated the boycott of elections, and organised armed activities in Nalgonda and Warangal districts.<ref name="mart" /> An APROC armed forest squad operated in Warangal district.<ref name="mart" />

==CRC, CPI(ML)==
While in jail, Rawoof read copies of the publication ''Mass Line'' issued from Kerala.<ref name=mart/> He instructed cadres to meet the Kerala group led by [[K. Venu (Kerala)|K. Venu]] and K. N. Ramachandran.<ref name=mart/> In 1979, Rawoof's Andhra Pradesh Reorganising Committee, CPI(ML) (APROC) and K. Venu's CPI(ML) Kerala State Committee merged to form the Reorganisation Committee, CPI(ML), which was later renamed the [[Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] (CRC, CPI(ML)).<ref name=bth/><ref name=crya/><ref name=ncan/> The central leadership consisted of K. Venu, K. N. Ramachandran, and Rawoof.<ref name=mart/><ref name=bth/>

Rawoof organised student movements under the name [[Radical Students Union]], youth movements, peasant movements, and armed struggle activities.<ref name="mart" /><ref name="crya" /><ref name="nax" /> His group carried out attacks on police stations and landlords.<ref name="mart" /><ref name="crya" /> The organisation's geographic influence expanded to Khammam, Karimnagar, Adilabad, Anantapur, and Nellore districts.<ref name="mart" /> An armed forest squad operated in the Asifabad area of [[Adilabad district]].<ref name="mart" /> The CRC, CPI(ML) became known for "some notoriously brutal and sensational killings".<ref name="ncan">N. C. Asthana, Anjali Nirmal. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=9YDaAAAAMAAJ Terrorism, Insurgencies, and Counterinsurgency Operations]''. Pointer Publishers, 2001. p. 180</ref> Rawoof's group was targeted by state forces and suffered heavy losses.<ref name="crya" /> Within a few years, around 40 members of APROC/CRC, CPI(ML) were killed, and the organisation was considerably weakened.<ref name="mart" />

Rawoof disagreed with the tactical line adopted by the All India Conference of CRC, CPI(ML), held in January 1982 in Maharashtra.<ref name="mart" /> Following the conference, he wrote an article in ''Mass Line'' titled "Dare to think, dare to struggle", advocating the development of armed struggle.<ref name="mart" /> The CRC, CPI(ML) leadership adopted the slogan "Fight against dogmatism and fight against secretism", moving away from armed struggle and underground party organisation.<ref name="mart" /> The Kerala State Committee of CRC, CPI(ML) later adopted an analysis that class relations in India had changed, that feudalism no longer constituted the social base of imperialism, and that capitalist development was taking place in the country.<ref name="mart" /> Rawoof opposed these positions within the CRC, CPI(ML).<ref name="mart" />

==Imprisoned again==
Rawoof was arrested by police in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] on 10 March 1983.<ref name=kba/> He was detained at [[Warangal Central Jail]], charged in three cases related to crimes committed in [[Warangal district]] in 1981: conspiracy to commit the murder of Narayana Reddy of Upparigudem in Mahbubabad taluk; conspiracy to commit the murder of another Narayana Reddy from Odedu in Chityal taluk; and a criminal case under the Explosive Substances Act.<ref name=kba/> The latter case concerned an incident in Wardhannapet taluk, when a clandestine meeting led by Rawoof was raided by police forces, and the participants threw bombs at the police while fleeing.<ref name=kba/>

Rawoof was released on bail in the three Warangal cases on 4 December 1983.<ref name=kba/> However, police awaited him outside the jail gates and immediately detained him. He was served a National Security Act warrant dated 5 December 1983.<ref name=kba/> Moreover, on 3 December 1983, a day before his release on bail, Rawoof and 21 others were sentenced to life imprisonment in the case concerning the murder of Narayana Reddy of Upparigudem.<ref name=kba/> Following a prisoners' protest at Warangal Central Jail, Rawoof was transferred as punishment to [[Visakhapatnam Central Prison]].<ref name=kba/>

Ahead of a 1985 CRC, CPI(ML) plenum, Rawoof authored a document from jail outlining his critiques against the emerging line of the party. The Andhra Pradesh State Committee approved the document, but it was rejected by the plenum.<ref name=mart/> Instead, the marathon plenum discarded the 1970 CPI(ML) line as outdated and emphasised the importance of national struggles.<ref name=mart/> The Andhra Pradesh delegation left the plenum in protest and broke away from CRC, CPI(ML).<ref name=mart/> Rawoof renounced his affiliation with the CRC, CPI(ML) in opposition to the organisation's new political line.<ref name=nax/> The Andhra Pradesh group continued armed activities after the split.<ref name=mart/>

On 3 April 1986, the High Court acquitted Rawoof and 12 others in the case concerning the murder of Narayana Reddy of Upparigudem.<ref name=kba/> By then, Rawoof had already been acquitted in the two other Warangal cases.<ref name=kba/> However, before his release, on 4 April 1986, Warangal police appeared at Visakhapatnam Central Prison with a court warrant for another murder case.<ref name=kba/> According to the warrant, Rawoof had conspired with visitors at Warangal Central Jail to commit a murder in Regondla in Parkal taluk in August 1985.<ref name=kba/> The police returned Rawoof to Warangal Central Jail.<ref name=kba/> He was granted bail by the court on 27 May 1986.<ref name=kba/> He would be imprisoned again in another case.<ref name=mart/>

By the late 1980s, Rawoof's group in Andhra Pradesh was largely defunct, with many of its cadres either imprisoned or killed.<ref name="mart" />

==CPI(ML) Red Flag==
In 1987–1988, the CRC, CPI(ML) experienced a split, with a significant section of the party in Kerala under the leadership of K. N. Ramachandran forming the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag]].<ref name=crya/><ref name=mart/> After some hesitation and following persuasion by CPI(ML) Red Flag cadres from West Bengal and [[Madhya Pradesh]], Rawoof joined the CPI(ML) Red Flag in late 1989, as it upheld the 1970 CPI(ML) programme.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/> He remained a member of its Central Committee until 1998.<ref name=bth/>

A [[Telugu language]] mass journal of the party, ''Erupu'' ('Red'), was launched as the organ of the Andhra Pradesh party unit. The journal advocated the Charu Mazumdar line, promoting armed struggle and election boycott.<ref name="mart" /> Armed activities continued in Anantapur and Nellore districts, as well as in Telangana, during which 12 party members were killed.<ref name="mart" />

In 1996, the entire membership of the CPI(ML) Red Flag Andhra Pradesh State Committee and its armed squad were killed in an encounter, bringing the party to near collapse in the state.<ref name="mart" /> At the CPI(ML) Red Flag fourth All India conference held in Kerala in 1997, the Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh delegations found themselves in the minority during debates on the party’s political line.<ref name="mart" />

==CPI(ML) Naxalbari==
Rawoof was expelled from CPI(ML) Red Flag on 1 October 1998.<ref name=mart/> He then organised a new party, the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari]], based on the Andhra Pradesh and [[Karnataka]] state units of CPI(ML) Red Flag.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/> CPI(ML) Naxalbari established contact with the Maoist Unity Centre, CPI(ML) (the remnants of the former CRC, CPI(ML)), which subsequently merged into CPI(ML) Naxalbari in 1999.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/> Rawoof served as the secretary of CPI(ML) Naxalbari.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/>

==Later years==
Rawoof resigned from his position as secretary of CPI(ML) Naxalbari in 2006.<ref name=mart/><ref name=nax/> Kannamballi Murali ('Ajith') succeeded him as party secretary.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/murali-tallest-among-kerala-maoists/articleshow/45980509.cms|title=Murali tallest among Kerala Maoists|newspaper=Times of India|date=22 January 2015|author=M P Prashanth}}</ref><ref name=mkda>{{cite web|author=Mrinal Kanta Das|title=Maoists: Southern Incursions|url=https://www.satp.org/south-asia-intelligence-review-Volume-12-No-45|work=South Asia Intelligence Review|date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031094207/https://www.satp.org/south-asia-intelligence-review-Volume-12-No-45 |archive-date=31 October 2019 }}</ref>

Rawoof never married.<ref name=sakh2/> He spent his later years living in a simple hut in Kutagulla village.<ref name=sakh2/> In old age, he suffered from ill health and spent several years in hospital towards the end of his life.<ref name=mart/>

He died at a hospital in [[Bengaluru]] on 9 February 2014, aged 89.<ref name=mart>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20161112215137/http://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Cadre/CC-MartyrsLifeHistories-Book-Eng-140921.pdf Comrade S A Rawoof's Life was One of Continuous Struggle for the Cause of Revolution]'', in ''ADVANCING THE REVOLUTION WITH GREAT SACRIFICES - MARTYRED CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS OF CPI(MAOIST)'', Central Committee - Communist Party of India (Maoist). pp. 188-200</ref><ref name=bth>Communist Party of India (Maoist) Central Committee. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140830074805/https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Statements-2014/140301-CC-CondolenceStmtOnComSA-Rauf-Eng.pdf Condolence Message of CC, CPI (Maoist) on the demise of Comrade S.A. Rauf, a leader of Indian Revolution]''</ref><ref name=sakh1/> His body was kept for public viewing for two days at the Kutagulla Municipal School.<ref name=mart/><ref name=sakh1/> Thousands of people paid their respects before his funeral.<ref name=mart/><ref name=sakh1/> [[Manda Krishna Madiga]], founder president of the Madiga Reservation Porata Samiti ([[Madiga Reservation Porata Samiti|MRPS]]), who knew Rawoof from Warangal Jail, visited the wake to pay tribute and offered a red cloth.<ref name=sakh1/> Rawoof was cremated in Kutagulla.<ref name=sakh2/> Reportedly, funeral attendees included poets [[Varavara Rao]] and [[Gaddar]], MLA [[Bhumana Karunakar Reddy]], and MLC [[Jupudi Prabhakar Rao]].<ref name=sakh1/>

==Memorial==
A memorial monument dedicated to S. A. Rawoof was erected in Kutagulla by the S. A. Rawoof Memorial Trust.<ref name=sakh2/><ref name=jyothi1/> It was inaugurated by the Trust's president, Vadlamudi Krishna Rao, on 9 February 2015.<ref name=jyothi1/> Annual commemorations are held at the monument on Rawoof's death anniversary, 9 February, organised by the S. A. Rawoof Memorial Trust.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Andhra Jyothi|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2022/andhra-pradesh/ananthapuram/a-solid-tribute-to-the-revolutionary-raoufngtsandhrapradesh-603017.html/amp|title=విప్లవనేత రవూఫ్‌కు ఘన నివాళి|date=10 February 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugu.getlokalapp.com/andhra-news/sri-sathya-sai/kadiri/kadiri-s-a-raoof-s-death-anniversary-celebrated-with-grandeur-14417330|title=కదిరి: ఘనంగా ఎస్ ఏ రావూఫ్ వర్ధంతి వేడుకలు|work=Lokal|date=9 February 2025}}</ref> A colony located along the Kadiri-Kutagulla Anantapur National Highway has been named after him.<ref name=sakh2/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawoof}}
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) politicians]]

G. Gothandaraman

2026-04-29T19:59:45Z

AyushAmar: New The Article First Draft

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1949)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = G. Gothandaraman
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1949|4|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kodungal
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| constituency1 = [[Mugaiyur Assembly constituency|Mugaiyur]]
| term_start1 = 2001
| term_end1 = 2006
| predecessor1 = [[A. G. Sampath]]
| successor1 = [[V. A. T. Kaliyavarathan]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater = Bachelor of Laws, Madras University (1983)
| relations = Gopal (Father)
| children =
| profession = Lawyer
| footnotes =
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}}

'''G. Gothandaraman''' is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and a former [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He hails from [[Tirukoilur|Tirukkoyilur]] town in the [[Viluppuram district|Villupuram district]]. Having completed his [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor’s degree]] and a [[Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.myneta.info/tamilnadu2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=1390 | title=GOTHANDARAMAN G | accessdate=10 January 2026}}</ref> Gothandaraman is a member of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) party. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] elections from the [[Mugaiyur Assembly constituency]].<ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001. Chennai-600009: Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009. April 2002. p. 171-173.</ref>

==Electoral Performance==
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mugaiyur<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=G. Gothandaraman |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,484 |percentage=51.30% |change=27.19% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. G. Sampath]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,143 |percentage=42.07% |change=-19.70% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Susainathan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,245 |percentage=2.90% |change=0.22% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Lakshminarayanan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,625 |percentage=2.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Palaniappan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,091 |percentage=0.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=475 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,341 |percentage=9.23% |change=-28.44% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,063 |percentage=62.37% |change= -5.29% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,691 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.47% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gothandaraman, G.}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Asar Lakhnavi

2026-04-27T03:14:20Z

AyushAmar: Started a stub - done

{{Short description|Urdu poet, great critic, scholar, writer, translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Asar Lakhnavi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Mirza Jafar Ali Khan
| birth_date = 12 July 1885
| birth_place = Katra Abu Tarab, [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| death_date = 6 June 1967
| death_place = Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = Urdu poet, critic, scholar, writer, translator, civil servant
| other_names = (pen name) Asar
| education = B.A., [[Canning College, Lucknow]] (1906)
| known_for = Ghazals and nazms in Urdu; critical essays and scholarly works
| notable_works = Chhan Been (collection of essays), Anees Ki Marsiya Nigari, Farhang-e-Asar, Mutala-e-Ghalib
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

'''Mirza''' '''Jafar Ali Khan'''<ref name="Amar Ujala" /> (12 July 1885<ref name="Zeenews">{{Cite web |title=तुम्हारा हुस्न आराइश तुम्हारी सादगी ज़ेवर, तुम्हें कोई ज़रूरत ही नहीं बनने सँवरने की |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/news/asar-lakhnavi-poetry-hindi-urdu-poetry-by-asar-lakhnavi/2209459 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=[[Zee News|Zee News Hindi]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Amar Ujala">{{Cite web |title='असर' लखनवी के 10 चुनिंदा शेर... |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/kavya-charcha/best-hindi-shayari-of-asar-lakhnavi |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref> – 6 June 1967), better known as '''Asar Lakhnavi''', was an Urdu poet, civil servant, critic, scholar, writer, translator who belonged from [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He wrote [[Urdu]] [[ghazals]] and [[nazm]]s under the [[pen name]] ([[takhallus]]) "Asar".

== Biography ==

=== Early life and education ===
Asar Lakhnavi was born on 12 July 1885, in the neighborhood of Katra Abu Tarab in [[Lucknow]].{{sfn|Khawer|2011|p=18}} His ancestor, Hakim Muhammad Shafi, a physician, came to [[Akbarabad, Uttar Pradesh|Akbarabad]] from [[Isfahan]]. After staying for a while, Shafi moved to [[Faizabad]]{{sfn|Varma|2013|p=2021}} and served as a physician in the court of [[Shuja-ud-Daula|Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula]].{{sfn|Khawer|1977|p=16}} Lakhnavi birth name was Mirza Jafar Ali Khan. He completed his early education at home. After passing the entrance examination in 1902, he got admission in [[Canning College, Lucknow|Canning College Lucknow]] and he received his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree from Canning College in 1906.{{sfn|Khawer|1977|p=17-18}}

=== Career ===
[[File:Sanad of Asar Lakhnawi.jpg|alt=Sanad of Asar Lakhnawi|thumb|certificate of title ''Khan Bahadur'']]
In 1909, he was appointed deputy collector in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] served till 1935 and after that he was promoted as collector from 1937 to 1940.<ref name="rekhta">{{Cite web |title=Asar Lakhnavi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/asar-lakhnavi/profile?lang=ur |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] |language=ur}}</ref> Lakhnavi worked on many important government positions including deputy collector. He retired in 1940 from civil service. After the retirement, he held the posts of Home Minister and Education Minister of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Zeenews" /> He was given the title of ''Khan Bahadur'' by [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]], [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India|viceroy and governor general of India]] in January 1936. In 1962, he was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] (third-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] of the [[India|Republic of India]]) by [[Government of India]].<ref name="Amar Ujala" /> for his literary works including the poetic translation of Bhagwat Gita. According to [[Malik Ram]], Asar also served as minister for revenue and later on as prime minister in the State of Kashmir for quite some time.<ref name="dawn">{{Cite web |last=Parekh |first=Rauf |date=2019-06-10 |title=Literary Notes: Linguistic purism, Urdu and Asar Lakhnavi |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1487152 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref>

He was felicitated by Uttar Pradesh government with Ghalib award for his Urdu dictionary Farhang e Asar.

== Writings ==
He wrote several books in Urdu language.<ref name="rekhta" />

He has three Diwans of Ghazals in his name

1.Asaristan

2.Baharan

3.Nau Baharan

In Urdu criticism, his collection of essays 'Chhan been', '[[Mir Anees|Anees]] Ki Marsiya Nigari', 'Farhang - e - Asar'<ref name="dawn" /> and 'Mutala e Ghalib'.

* {{Cite book |last=Lakhnavi |first=Mirza Jafar Ali Khan Asar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HzT4uQEACAAJ |title=Asar ke tanqidi mazamin |date= |publisher=Nizami Pres Buk Ijansi |language=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lakhnavi |first=Asar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if0I0QEACAAJ |title=Intekhaab-e-Kalaam Asar Lakhnavi: (Urdu Poetry Collection) |date=2024-12-22 |publisher=Taemeer Publications |isbn=978-93-6908-660-3 |language=ur}}

== Death ==
He died on 6 June 1967 in Lucknow at the age of 81.{{sfn|Dalvi|2004|p=65}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Work cited ===
* {{Cite book |last=Dalvi |first=Abdus Sattar |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/iqbal-ka-ek-mamdooh-bhartari-hari-abdus-sattar-dalvi-ebooks?lang=ur |title=Iqbal ka ek mamdooh bhartari- hari |publisher=Dairatul Adab, Mumbai |year=2004 |location=[[Mumbai]] |pages=65 |language=Urdu}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khawer |first=Mahmood |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/asar-lakhnavi-shakhsiyat-aur-fan-mahmood-khawer-ebooks |title=Asar Lakhnavi Shakhsiyat Aur Fan |publisher=Shalimar Publications |year=2011 |location=[[Karachi]]|language=ur |trans-title=Asar Lakhnavi: Personality and Contribution}}
* {{Cite book |last=Varma |first=Diljeet |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/asar-lukhnavi-ki-nasari-khidmaat-ay2k-diljeet-varma-ebooks |title=Asar Lakhnavi Ki Nasari Khidmaat |publisher=Educational Publishing House |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-5073-167-3 |location=[[Delhi]] |language=ur |trans-title=The Prose Contribution of Asar Lakhnavi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khawer |first=Mahmood |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/asar-lucknowi-hayat-aur-karname-ebooks |title=Asar Lakhnavi Shakhsiyat Aur Karname|publisher=Shalimar Publications |year=1977|location=[[Hyderabad]]|language=ur |trans-title=Asar Lakhnavi: Personality and Achievements}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.rekhta.org/poets/asar-lakhnavi/all Asar Lakhnavi] at [[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]]

{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]

Bahu Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:40:23Z

AyushAmar: Started a stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Bahu
|constituency_no = 75
|type = SLA
|mla = [[Vikram Randhawa]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|established = 2022
|electors = 
|reservation =
}}

'''Bahu Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. [[Bahu]] is also part of [[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Notification by Delimitation Commission |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017204253/https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2022 |website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Delimitation Order |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924222358/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2022 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituency map |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150644/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Vikram Randhawa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]: Bahu<ref name="J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bahu">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bahu |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/ConstituencywiseU0875.htm |access-date=16 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vikram Randhawa]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 40,385
|percentage = 55.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Taranjit Singh Tony
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 29,134
|percentage = 39.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Varinder Singh
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|votes = 918
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pushp Shabalya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 869
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 460
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sobat Ali
|party = Democratic Progressive Azad Party
|votes = 362
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jayesh Kumar
|party = Independent
|votes = 160
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kulwant Singh
|party = Independent
|votes = 140
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bishan Dass Baboria
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 136
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Qari Zaheer Abbas Bhatti
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|votes = 84
|percentage = 0.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,251
|percentage = 15.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 72,975
|percentage = 60.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,20,693
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Reasi district]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2022]]

Sonai

2026-04-19T08:46:51Z

AyushAmar:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sonai
| other_name = Sonaimukh
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Municipality
[[File:Sonai.png|thumb|Sonai]]
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|24|44|00|N|92|53|25|E|region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Assam|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cachar district|Cachar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Sonai Municipal Board
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 31
| population_total = 20000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| demographics1_title2 = Associate official language
| demographics1_info2 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (Manipuri)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 788119
| registration_plate = AS-11
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Sonai''' (Pron:/'sə(ʊ)'nʌɪ) is a town in [[Cachar district|the Cachar district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. It is also the name of a circle and block in the town. Government of Assam declared it as a municipal area on 2016 with 11 wards. The [[River Sonai]] flows through the town of Sonai joining with [[Barak River]] near Dungripar Village of Sonai. The Chandragiri Park and an Archeological site, a temple of [[Kachari Kingdom]] at Shivtilla (Changutilla) near Madhab Chandra Das College (MCD College) is a famous place to visit.

==Geography==
It is located 18.5 km from District Headquarters [[Silchar]].
[[File:Paddy field of sonai.png|thumb|Paddy field of sonai]]

==Demographics==
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]) are the official languages of this place.<ref name="BnOff">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |title=Govt withdraws Assamese as official language from Barak valley |agency=Press Trust of India |date=9 September 2014 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195116/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Meitei">{{Cite news |last=Purkayastha |first=Biswa Kalyan |date=24 February 2024 |title=Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-recognises-manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-four-districts-101708770769105.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>

As per the [[2011 census of India]], Sonai had a total population of 324,315, of which 51% were male and 49% were female. Sonai has an average literacy rate of 80%, with a male literacy rate of 54% and female literacy rate of 46%.

==Division==
There is one Revenue Circle containing 203 Revenue Villages and three Development Blocks: Sonai Development Block, Narsingpur Development Block and Palonghat Development Block.

==Education==
The institution of [[Barak Valley]] like [[National Institute of Technology, Silchar]], [[Assam University]], [[Silchar]] Campus, and [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital]] falls under [[Sonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:NIT Silchar Guest House.jpg|[[National Institute of Technology, Silchar]]
File:Entrance To SMCH.jpg|[[Silchar Medical College and Hospital|Silchar Medical College]]
</gallery>

===Colleges===
* [[Janata College]], [[Kabuganj]], Sonai
*Presidency Junior College
* Horizon Junior College
* A P J Abdulkalam Junior College
* Sonai Junior College
* Kabuganj Junior College
* Barak Horizon Junior College

===Schools===
'''Government/Provisionalised Schools'''
* Sonai Nitya Gopal Higher Secondary School
* [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]] Higher Secondary School
* Sonai Senior Madrassa
* Ram Dulal Roy Higher Secondary school
* Satkarakandi High School
* East Kazidhar High School
* Sonai Jubati Singha Manipuri High School
* Abid Raja M E school
* Sonai Madya Banga School
* Bagpur High School
* Sonai M E School
* Swadhin Bazar High School
* Amtola M E School
* Monohar Ali High School
* 182 No. Sonai Model Primary School
* Sonai MV School
'''Private Schools'''

* Holy Light English School
* Sonai Adarsha Vidya Niketan
* Gyan Kamal Vidyalaya
* Iqra Academy
* Swadeshi Vidyalaya
* Gyan Vikash School
* Woodland English School
* Pally Unnoyon Vidyalaya
* A.K. Azad and F.A. Memorial School
* New Millennium English School
* Brighter English School
* Bidya Bawan
* Sonai Vidya Bhavan
* Sona Vidya Peet
* Sonai Navajyoti Gyanpith

==Transport==

=== Air Port ===
Kumbhirgram - Silchar Airport

IATA Code: IXS

IATA Code: IXS

Address: Silchar Airport, Kumbhirgram Airport Road, Silchar – 788109, Assam

===Rail===
No railway stations are nearby. However, [[Silchar Railway Station]] is 20 kilometres away.

===Road===
The national highway [[National Highway 306 (India)|NH 306]] passes through the town and connects to [[Mizoram]] State and Sonai Road.

==Politics==
Sonai is part of [[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Silchar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|access-date =
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 4 May 2006
}}</ref> It is also a part of [[Sonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].

== Notable people ==

* [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]], Former Minister of Industrial Development, Government of India
* [[Aminul Haque Laskar]], Deputy Speaker of Assam Leglestive Assembly
* [[Kutub Ahmed Mazumder]], Former Member of Legislative Assembly

== List of MLA's of Sonai ==

* 1951: [[Nanda Kishore Sinha]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1957: [[Nanda Kishore Sinha]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1962: Pulakeshi Singh, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1967: M. M. Choudhury, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1972: Nurul Haque Choudhury, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1978: [[Altaf Hossain Mazumdar]], [[Janata Party]]
* 1980: Nurul Haque Choudhury, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1985: Abdul Rob Laskar, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1991: [[Badrinarayan Singh]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* 1996: [[Anwar Hussain Laskar]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]]
* 2001: [[Anwar Hussain Laskar]], [[Samajwadi Party]]
* 2006: [[Kutub Ahmed Mazumder]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 2011: [[Anamul Haque]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 2016: [[Aminul Haque Laskar]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* 2021: [[Karim Uddin Barbhuiya]], [[All India United Democratic Front]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Assam}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Cachar district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Treesa Jolly

2026-04-17T14:27:07Z

AyushAmar:

{{short description|Indian badminton player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Treesa Jolly
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|05|27}}
| birth_place = [[Cherupuzha (Kannur)|Cherupuzha]], Kerala, India
| residence =
| height = 1.76 m<ref name="bio22">{{cite web |title=Treesa Jolly |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/treesa-jolly/db206e17-17f4-4d5a-8c7e-e84d9bda449c |website=Birmingham2022.com |publisher=[[Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Limited]] |access-date=12 August 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812102706/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/treesa-jolly/db206e17-17f4-4d5a-8c7e-e84d9bda449c |archive-date=12 August 2022}}</ref>
| weight = 48 kg<ref name="bio22"/>
| years_active =
| handedness = Right
| coach = [[Pullela Gopichand]] [[Arun Vishnu]]
| event = Women's doubles
| highest_ranking = 9 (with [[Gayatri Gopichand]], 14 January 2025)
| current_ranking = 30 (with Gayatri Gopichand, 14 April 2026)
| played =
| bwfbadminton_id = 71612/treesa-jolly
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Women's [[badminton]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]] | [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]] }}
{{MedalBronze | 2022 Birmingham | [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships|Asian Mixed Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2023 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships|2023 Dubai]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Team Championships|Asian Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships|2024 Selangor]] | Women's team }}
}}

'''Treesa Jolly''' (born 27 May 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-23 |title=From mud courts in Cherupuzha to CWG medals in Birmingham – Treesa Jolly's fascinating journey |url=https://www.espn.in/badminton/story/_/id/34642686/treesa-jolly-badminton-mud-courts-cherupuzha-medals-birmingham-cwg |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian badminton player.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2021/jan/24/jolly-good-story-treesa-indias-new-kid-on-the-badminton-block-2254305.html |title=Jolly good story: Treesa, India's new kid on the badminton block | newspaper=The New Indian Express | date=24 January 2021 | access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> She is a part of the [[India national badminton team|national team]] and is the nation's number one [[Badminton#Doubles|WD]] pair with [[Gayatri Gopichand]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.espn.in/badminton/story/_/id/33121512/pv-sindhu-enters-final-syed-modi-2022-badminton-russia-kosetskaya-retires-midway | title=PV Sindhu, Treesa Jolly – Gayatri Gopichand enter final of Syed Modi International | publisher=ESPN | date=22 January 2022 | access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> She won the bronze at the [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|2022 Commonwealth Games]].<ref name="cwg22">{{cite web |title=CWG 2022: India's Treesa Jolly-Gayatri Gopichand pair claim bronze in women's doubles |url=https://telanganatoday.com/cwg-2022-indias-treesa-jolly-gayatri-gopichand-pair-claim-bronze-in-womens-doubles |publisher=Telangana Today |date=8 August 2022 |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref> She helped win the [[2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships|2024 Asia Team Championships]].<ref name="awtc24">{{cite web |title=Badminton Asia Team Championships 2024: Indian women beat Thailand 3-2 in final, clinch historic gold |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/badminton-asia-team-championships-2024-indian-women-beat-thailand-3-2-in-final-clinch-historic-gold/article67859981.ece |work=The Hindu |date=18 February 2024 |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref> Jolly trains at the [[Gopichand Badminton Academy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/overcoming-odds-shuttler-treesa-jolly-aims-to-be-best-in-her-sport/articleshow/90581841.cms |title=Overcoming odds, shuttler Treesa Jolly aims to be best in her sport |work=[[The Times of India]] |last=Rajan |first=Adwaidh |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

== Achievements ==

=== Commonwealth Games ===
[[File:The six medallists in the women's doubles.jpg|thumb|The six medallists in the women's badminton doubles at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham. Left to right: [[Chloe Birch]] and [[Lauren Smith (badminton)|Lauren Smith]] (England), [[Pearly Tan]] and [[Thinaah Muralitharan]] (Malaysia), Treesa Jolly and [[Gayatri Gopichand]] (India).]]

''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#FFE4B5"
| align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|2022]]
| align="left" | [[National Exhibition Centre]], Birmingham, England
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chen Hsuan-yu]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Gronya Somerville]]
| align="left" | 21–15, 21–18
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|}

=== BWF World Tour (3 titles, 2 runners-up) ===
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]] (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | [[2022 Syed Modi International#Finals 4|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Syed Modi International Badminton Championships|Syed Modi International]]
| align="left" | Super 300
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Anna Cheong]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Teoh Mei Xing]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 13–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | [[2022 Odisha Open#Finals 4|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Odisha Open]]
| align="left" | Super 100
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Gayatri Gopichand
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 21–10
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="center" | [[2024 Syed Modi International#Finals 4|2024]]
| align="left" | Syed Modi International
| align="left" | Super 300
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Gayatri Gopichand
| align="left" | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Qian (badminton)|Li Qian]]
| align="left" | 21–18, 21–11
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="center" | [[2025 Syed Modi International#Finals 4|2025]]
| align="left" | Syed Modi International
| align="left" | Super 300
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Gayatri Gopichand
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kaho Osawa]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Mai Tanabe]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 21–13, 21–15
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | [[2022 Odisha Open#Finals 5|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Odisha Open]]
| align="left" | Super 100
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M. R.]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sachin Dias]] {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]]
| align="left" | 16–21, 20–22
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

=== BWF International Challenge / Series (2 titles, 3 runners-up) ===
''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[Polish International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Margot Lambert]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Anne Tran]]
| align="left" | 10–21, 18–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda]]
| align="left" | 23–21, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[Welsh International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} Margot Lambert {{flagicon|FRA}} Anne Tran
| align="left" | 20–22, 21–17, 14–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | [[Bahrain International Challenge]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lanny Tria Mayasari]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Ribka Sugiarto]]
| align="left" | 18–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2025
| align="left" | [[Turkey International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Hariharan Amsakarunan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[M. Nawaf Khoiriyansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nahya Muhyifa]]
| align="left" | 21–14, 18–21, 21–11
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

=== BWF Junior International (2 titles, 2 runners-up) ===
''Girls' singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#BDB8AD"
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Bangladesh Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ruhi Raju]]
| align="left" | 21–15, 21–11
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#BDB8AD"
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Dubai Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir]]
| align="left" | 15–21, 19–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

''Girls' doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#BDB8AD"
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Dubai Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Varshini Vishwanath Sri]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 17–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#BDB8AD"
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Bangladesh Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manav Raj Sumith]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Gourab Singha]] {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Urmi Akter]]
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#AE9C45|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
: {{Color box|#C6D4E1|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
: {{Color box|#BDB8AD|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Series tournament
: {{Color box|#EBE7E0|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior Future Series tournament

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
|2025
|[[Times of India Sports Awards]]
|Badminton Player of the Year Female
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title= TOISA 2024: Badminton Aces Among the Nominees|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/toisa-2024-badminton-aces-among-the-nominees/articleshow/118272687.cms |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Treesa Jolly}}
* {{sports links}}

{{Footer Asian Champions Badminton Team Women}}
{{Badminton in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jolly, Treesa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in badminton]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in badminton]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games badminton players for India]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games badminton players for India]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Indian national badminton champions]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Saurabh Kirpal

2026-04-16T06:04:58Z

AyushAmar: added basic page basic info

{{Short description|Indian lawyer, writer and activist}}
'''Saurabh Kirpal''' (born 18 April 1972) is an Indian lawyer, author and a senior advocate at the [[Delhi High Court]]. He is also an LGBTQ rights activist.

== Personal life and education ==
Saurabh Kirpal was born to [[Bhupinder Nath Kirpal|B N Kirpal]], former [[Chief Justice of India]] and Aruna Kirpal (née Sachdev). He has 2 siblings.

Kirpal graduated with a degree in Physics from the [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]. He then went to the Oxford University to get an undergraduate degree in law. He has also earned a master's degree from Cambridge University.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=Who is Saurabh Kirpal, advocate who may become India's first openly gay judge? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-saurabh-kirpal-advocate-who-may-become-india-s-first-openly-gay-judge-101637077993072.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Kirpal has been in a relationship with his partner Nicolas Germain Bachmann for the past 20 years. Nicolas is a European and works at the [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs|Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs]] in New Delhi. He is also a Swiss human rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-21|title=Meet Saurabh Kirpal, the openly gay lawyer recommended by Supreme Court for elevation as Delhi High Court judge|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/saurabh-kirpal-the-openly-gay-lawyer-recommended-by-supreme-court-for-elevation-as-delhi-high-court-judge-10035049|date=16 November 2021|website=Jagran English}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kirpal briefly worked at the United Nations in Geneva before returning to India. Since then, he has been practising at the Supreme Court for more than two decades. He was also the counsel for [[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India]] that led to the landmark reading down of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code in 2018, thus decriminalising homosexual acts. He is also a board member of the Naz Foundation Trust, a Delhi-based NGO which is opposed to Section 377. He has also worked under former [[Attorney-General for India|Attorney General]] [[Mukul Rohatgi]]. He was elevated as a senior advocate in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AK |first=Aditya |title=[BREAKING] Supreme Court Collegium recommends Senior Advocate Saurabh Kirpal as judge of Delhi High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-senior-advocate-saurabh-kirpal-as-judge-of-delhi-high-court |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, Kirpal is also a board member of the [[Naz Foundation (India) Trust]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-21|title=Who is Saurabh Kirpal, whose name as HC judge objected to by government|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/who-is-saurabh-kirpal-name-delhi-hc-judge-objected-government-supreme-court-collegium-8395462/|date=21 January 2023}}</ref>

He has written an anthology titled “Sex and the Supreme Court: How the Law is Upholding the Dignity of the Indian Citizen” (2020) and "Fifteen Judgments: Cases that Shaped India’s Financial Landscape" (2022).<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-21|title=Who is Saurabh Kirpal, whose name as HC judge objected to by government|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/who-is-saurabh-kirpal-name-delhi-hc-judge-objected-government-supreme-court-collegium-8395462/|date=21 January 2023}}</ref>

Kirpal is currently recommended to be elevated to High Court judge in Delhi, which will make him the first openly gay judge in India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=WHO IS SAURABH KIRPAL ? |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-saurabh-kirpal#collapse |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref> However, his nomination has been continually delayed by the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]] since his name was given in 2017, despite the [[Supreme Court of India]] having held four debates on the matter and recommending him in November 2021. In January 2023, the [[Supreme Court of India]] confirmed previous reporting that the ministry had stalled his nomination on the basis of his sexual orientation and relationship with Bachmann, claiming that it would make him "biased" when ruling on cases related to LGBT rights and that his partnership with a foreign national was a security threat, despite India's [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW) having investigated him twice and found no such evidence.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2023-01-21|title=India’s government objects to openly gay judge candidate, says court|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/20/india-saurabh-kipal-bjp-gay-judge/|newspaper=Washington Post|issn=0190-8286|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-21|title=Ignoring R&AW objections, SC sends gay judge Kirpal's name for HC judges again|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/ignoring-raw-objections-sc-sends-gay-judge-kirpals-name-for-hc-judges-again-article-97155622|date=20 January 2023|website=TimesNow}}</ref> The court again recommended that Kirpal be nominated, stating that Kirpal's openness about his sexuality was a "credit" and would promote diversity, calling his conduct "above board", and stating that his partner would not inhibit Kirpal's loyalty, pointing out that other high officials had married foreign nationals.<ref>{{cite web|author=Scroll Staff|access-date=2023-01-21|title=SC collegium again recommends lawyer Saurabh Kirpal for appointment as Delhi High Court judge|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1042202/sc-collegium-again-recommends-lawyer-saurabh-kirpal-for-appointment-as-delhi-high-court-judge|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> The statement was hailed by LGBT rights activists, who criticized the central government for holding back Kirpal's nomination.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-21|title=LGBTQ activists laud Supreme Court Collegium's stand on Saurabh Kirpal appointment as Delhi High Court judge|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/lgbtq-activists-laud-supreme-court-collegiums-stand-on-saurabh-kirpal-appointment-as-delhi-high-court-judge-472463|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> [[Manish Tewari]], a Congress MP, also questioned why R&AW was investigating Kirpal and his partner, stating that it was outside their "external remit" to investigate residents of India and their sexual orientation.<ref>{{cite web|last1=PTI|access-date=2023-01-21|title=How was R&AW investigating Indian's sexual orientation: Cong MP after SC collegium's statement on Saurabh Kirpal|url=https://theprint.in/india/how-was-raw-investigating-indians-sexual-orientation-cong-mp-after-sc-collegiums-statement-on-saurabh-kirpal/1326285/|date=20 January 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Navtej Johar|Navtej Singh Johar]]
* [[LGBT rights in India]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Improve categories|date=December 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kirpal, Saurabh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Gay academics]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights activists]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]

Muhammadabad-Gohna Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:11Z

AyushAmar: new initial page needs work!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Muhammadabad-Gohna
| map_image = 355-Muhammadabad-Gohna.svg
| mla = Rajendra Kumar
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mau district|Mau]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,80,470
| constituency_no = 355
}}
'''Muhammadabad Gohna''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Muhammadabad-Gohna in the [[Mau district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Muhammadabad-Gohna is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency]] in Uttar Pradesh, India. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 355 amongst 403 constituencies. It is not to be confused with [[Mohammadabad Assembly constituency]] in Ghazipur district.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Muhammadabad Gohna Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/muhammadabad-gohna.html |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Chandrajit Yadav
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|Shrinath
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Chandrajit Yadav
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Shri Nath
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Shyam Lal Kanaujia
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Shiv Prasad
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Tapeshwar
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Ram Badan
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Faujdar
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Shriram Sonkar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Faujdar
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|[[Shriram Sonkar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|Baijnath
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar (politician)|Rajendra Kumar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Baijnath
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Shriram Sonkar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar (politician)|Rajendra Kumar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Muhammadabad-Gohna<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:94688}}
|percentage = 41.48
|change = +13.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Smt. Poonam Saroj
|votes = {{formatnum:68039}}
|percentage = 29.8
|change = -4.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dharm Singh Gautam
|votes = {{formatnum:56350}}
|percentage = 24.68
|change = -9.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Mahendra Sonkar
|votes = {{formatnum:3186}}
|percentage = 1.4
|change = +0.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Banwari Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:2452}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1540}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26649}}
|percentage = 11.68
|change = +11.43
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:228291}}
|percentage = 60.0
|change = +0.71
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Shriram Sonkar''' won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Rajendra''' by a margin of 538 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/muhammadabad-gohna.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Muhammadabad-Gohn<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shriram Sonkar
|votes = {{formatnum:73493}}
|percentage = 34.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:72955}}
|percentage = 34.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Baijnath
|votes = {{formatnum:59871}}
|percentage = 28.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1945}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:538}}
|percentage = 0.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:211785}}
|percentage = 59.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.03|83.38|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mau district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Bhudargad Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:18:35Z

AyushAmar: Started new info - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhudargad
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1952 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=52-124}}</ref>
| abolished = 1967 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1967 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 63,578
| mla = Anandrao Kondiba Desai
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
'''Bhudargad Assembly constituency''' (formerly '''Bhudargad–Ajra Assembly constituency''') was an assembly constituency in the [[India|Indian]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

Following the 1955 Delimitation, no major boundary changes were made, and the Bhudargad–Ajra constituency was renamed as '''Bhudargad Assembly constituency'''. After the 1967 Delimitation, the constituency was abolished.

As part of the reorganisation, the Bhudargad area was merged into the [[Radhanagari Assembly constituency|Radhanagari Assembly constituency]], while the Ajra Mahal region was divided between the [[Chandgad Assembly constituency|Chandgad Assembly constituency]] and the [[Gadhinglaj Assembly constituency|Gadhinglaj Assembly constituency]] (Uttur e.d.).

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Patil Vishwanath Tukaram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Desai Kaka Gopal || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Anandrao Kondiba Desai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhudargad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Kondiba Desai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,171 |percentage = 60.38% |change = {{increase}}51.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kaka Gopala Desai |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 10,146 |percentage = 27.63% |change = {{decrease}}28.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nana Santaram Bhosale |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,402 |percentage = 11.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,025 |percentage = 32.75% |change = {{decrease}}2.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,754 |percentage = 62.53% |change = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,719}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,578 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{increase}}4.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhudargad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Kaka Gopal |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 17,205 |percentage = 55.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khorate Shivaji Vithoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,210 |percentage = 20.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Hindurao Shamrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,859 |percentage = 15.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shane Diwan Sharfuddin Gudansaheb |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,654 |percentage = 8.58% |change = {{decrease}}24.50 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,995 |percentage = 35.55% |change = {{increase}}29.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,928 |percentage = 56.29% |change = {{decrease}}0.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,928}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,948 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}22.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhudargad Ajra <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Vishwanath Tukaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,359 |percentage = 33.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Amrit Santaji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 8,383 |percentage = 26.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Kaka Gopal |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,184 |percentage = 16.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Varake Shankarrao Daji |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,757 |percentage = 12.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tendulkar Gopal Mahadeo |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 2,697 |percentage = 8.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paranjape Rajaram Govind |party = Independent politician |votes = 938 |percentage = 3.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,976 |percentage = 6.31% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,318 |percentage = 57.22% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,318}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,728 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Swantham Sujatha

2026-04-05T22:49:24Z

AyushAmar: added the data needs work

{{short description|2020 Malayalam-language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Swantham Sujatha.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name = Verum Veetammayalla Jeevitham
| genre = [[soap opera]] [[Family drama|Drama]]
| creator = B C Vision
| writer = [[Sangeetha Mohan]] {{small|(Episodes 1 to 61)}}Raajesh Puthanpurayil {{small|(Episode 62 to 677)}}
| director = Anzar Khan
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Chandra Lakshman]] [[Kishor Satya]]
| theme_music_composer = Shyam Dharman
| open_theme = "Aakaasa ponnvettam aalolam veezhumppol"
| end_theme = "Nizharaakum Thaliralle"
| composer = Bharath Kumar Vazhappally (Lyrics) Arun (BGM)
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 677
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Vaidehi Ramamoorthy
| producer = Vision Time India Private Limited
| editor = Harimukham
| location = [[Kochi]], [[Munnar]]
| cinematography = Pushpan Divakaran
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-25 minutes
| company = Vision Time India PVT.LTD
| network = [[Surya TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|11|16|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|03|12|df=y}}
| related =
| voices =
| screenplay = Sangeetha Mohan {{small|(Episodes 1 to 83)}}Raajesh Puthanpurayil {{small|(Episode 84 - 675)}}
| story = Sangeetha Mohan {{small|(Episodes 1 to 83)}}Raajesh Puthanpurayil {{small|(Episode 84 - 675)}}
}}
'''Swantham Sujatha''' ({{translation}} Yours Faithfully Sujatha) was a 2020-2023 Indian [[Malayalam language]] television soap opera launched in [[Surya TV]] on 16 November 2020 and ended on 12 March 2023. It also streams on [[YouTube]] and [[Sun NXT]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Swantham Sujatha Surya TV Serial Launching 16th November at 9:00 P.M Monday to friday at 9:00 P.M is the Telecast Time of Serial Swantham Sujatha on Surya TV|url=https://www.keralatv.in/swantham-sujatha-serial-surya/?amp|website=Keralatv.in|date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-to-mr-mrs-new-malayalam-tv-shows-to-entertain-the-audience-soon/photostory/78258987.cms?picid=78488743 Santhwanam to Mr & Mrs: New Malayalam TV shows to entertain the audience soon]</ref> [[Chandra Lakshman]] plays the titular character alongside [[Kishor Satya]]. Both returned to Malayalam television after a hiatus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/malayalam-miniscreen-actors-kishor-satya-and-chandra-lakshman-are-back-to-malayalam-serial-named-swantham-sujatha-qiiekj|title=ഡോ. ബാലചന്ദ്രന്റെ ആരാധകര്‍ക്ക് ആഘോഷിക്കാം, തിരിച്ചുവരവില്‍ ചാന്ദ്രാ ലക്ഷ്‍മണനൊപ്പം കിഷോര്‍ സത്യ|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref> This show was temporary stopped due to COVID-19 from May 21, 2021, and was relaunched on July 5, 2021.

Since its reception the serial is the top rated serial and became the first in TRP chart for month, unless at the starting of ''Kaliveedu'' serial.

From its reception the serial aired at 9:00 pm, but from 26 August 2021 onwards the serial aired from Monday to Saturday at 9:30 pm. then from 24 July the serial aired from Monday to Sunday 7:30pm. Then from 28 November the serial aired from Monday to Sunday at 6:00pm replacing ''Nethra'' serial. Due to its time change the serial lost its high viewer lost its TRP rating.

==Plot==
A happy home maker, who loves her family and cherishes her life. But her life turn into a roller coaster ride, when she finds her true calling as an RJ after being home bound for years.

==Cast==
===Lead===
*[[Chandra Lakshman]] as Sujatha (Suja) {{a.k.a.}} [[Radio jockey|R.J.]] Swantham Sujatha:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chandra-lakshman-on-swantham-sujatha-this-serial-is-my-answer-to-everyone-who-asked-about-my-comeback/articleshow/80836077.cms|title=Chandra Lakshman on 'Swantham Sujatha': This serial is my answer to everyone who asked about my comeback|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Prakashan's ex-wife; Aparna and Abhi's mother. A homemaker who lacks education and considers family as her world. She become an [[Radio jockey|R.J.]] in [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] after her divorce. (2020-2023)
*[[Kishor Satya]] as Prakashan:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/kishore-satya-shares-a-new-post-about-his-new-serial-swantham-sujatha/articleshow/78840256.cms|title=ആരാണ് പ്രകാശനും സുജാതയും? കിഷോർ സത്യ പറയുന്നു!|work=Samayam|publisher=The Times of India|language=ml}}</ref> Sujatha's ex-husband; Mahilamani Amma's son; Aparna and Abhi's father. He works at Future Solar group and get divorced from Sujatha because of his illegitimate relationship with Ruby. Again Prakshan marries Sujatha(2020-2023)
*Anu Nair as Ruby:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/swantham-sujatha-serial-fame-anu-nair-about-her-acting-experiences-069239.html|title = കൂട്ടുകാരിയുടെ ഭര്‍ത്താവിനെ പ്രണയിക്കുന്ന റൂബി; വിശേഷങ്ങള്‍ പറഞ്ഞ് സ്വന്തം സുജാത സീരിയലിലെ വില്ലത്തി|date=12 February 2021|work=Filmibeat|language=ml}}</ref> A divorcee and Sujatha's best friend who leads an illegal relationship with Prakashan, who is also her colleague at Future solar. (2020-2023)(Main Antagonist)

===Recurring===
*Pria Menon as Manimangalath Mahilamani Amma:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-pria-menon-is-all-excited-about-her-new-project-read-post/articleshow/78893207.cms|title=Actress Pria Menon is all excited about her new project; read post|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Prakashan's mother; Sujatha's mother-in-law. (2020-2023)
*Swathikaa as Aparna (Appu):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/swantham-sujatha-fame-swathika-about-the-reaction-of-audience-for-her-character/articleshow/88945178.cms?story=1|title=അമ്മയെ നോക്കാത്ത ശവം, നിനക്കൊന്ന് നന്നായി കൂടെ എന്നൊക്കെ പലരും പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്; ആളുകളുടെ തെറി അഭിഷേകത്തെ കുറിച്ച് 'സുജാതയുടെ മകള്‍'|work=Samayam|publisher=The Times of India|language=ml}}</ref> Sujatha and Prakashan's daughter. (2020-2023)
*Manaved as Abhi: Sujatha and Prakashan's son. (2020-2023)
*Tosh Christy as Adam John {{a.k.a}} Joekuttan: [[Advocate]] and youngest Son of Sara who helps Sujatha (2021-2023)
*Amith as Chandran
**PWD contractor, husband of Praseetha and Prakashan's brother-in-law
*Gautham Praveen
**Son of Praseetha and Chandran, grand child of Mahilamaniamma
*Gouri
**Elder daughter of Praseetha and Chandran, grand child of Mahilamaniamma
*[[Jayakumar Parameswaran Pillai]] as Jayan
**Sujatha's elder brother, husband of Latha
*Sangeetha Shivan as Lathika
**Sujatha's sister-in-law, w/o of Jayan
*Nitha Promy as Thara
**Sujatha's elder sister
*Pala Aravindan
**Father of Sujatha, Jayan and Thara
*[[Usharani]] (Photo appearance)
**Mother of Sujatha, Jayan and Thara
*Rashmi Jayagopal<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/09/19/swantham-sujatha-actress-rashmi-jayagopal-serial-malayalam-death.html | title='Swantham Sujatha' actress Rashmi Jayagopal no more actress Rashmi Jayagopal no more }}</ref> / Kavitha Lakshmi as Sara Aunty
**Fan of RJ Sujatha, retired teacher, mother of Adam and owner of Jerusalem.
*Yadhukrishnan as Avarachan
**Adam's elder brother
*Manju Shaji as Ambili
**Sara aunty's domestic helper
*Shemi Martin as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|ACP]] Ayisha Begum [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
**An Orphan, Adam's wife who later turns out to be City ACP
*Murugan Panachumoodu as Murugesan
**Domestic help cum best friend of Adam
*Ponnus Anil as Chandana {{a.k.a}} Chandu
**Abhi's crush in neighbourhood area
*Harisree Martin
*[[Boban Alummoodan]] as Sajith
**Local goon and Ex-husband of Ruby (Second Husband)
*Sandra Balan as Sandhya Rani
*Kiran Raj as [[Circle Inspector]] Alex
*Cherthala Lalitha as Molly Chechi
**Sujatha's Neighbor
*Landwin Crizz as Pranav
**Appu's boyfriend, a spoilt brat
*Vishnu Pillai as Vishnu
**Illegal Drug businessman, friend of Pranav who tries to kidnap Appu
*Nithul Vazhayil as Jijo
**Pranav's best friend and Vishnu's secret keeper who tries to kidnap Appu
*Devasurya as Veena
**Program Coordinator of Swantham Sujatha/ Pranayapoorvam Sujatha on [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]], who supports Sujatha
*Jiffin George as Shivaranjini
** Project staff at Future solar group; subordinate of Ruby who hates her
*Deepika Mohan as Dr. Mersykutty
**[[Gynaecologist]], personal doctor of Ruby
*Manu Martin Pallippadan as Dr. Sevi Skariah
**[[Physician]], Veena's lover
*Veena Santhosh as Adv. Reena Abraham
**Ruby's close friend Junior Advocate to Yogiraj who handles ruby's divorce case
*Ameya Nair as Adv. Ancy
**Reena's colleague and leading advocate in high court, Swaminathan'a junior
*Tony as Mukundan
**Groom who wishes to Marry Sujatha
*Manju Stanley as Suma, House Owner of Ruby<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actor-kishor-satya-pens-a-heartwarming-note-for-his-late-co-star-manju-stanley-says-her-chirpy-talks-and-lovely-smile-will-no-longer-be-there/articleshow/82998384.cms|title = Actor Kishor Satya pens a heartwarming note for his late co-star Manju Stanley; says, "Her chirpy talks and lovely smile will no longer be there" - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
*Ibrahim Kutty as Albert
**Owner of a popular advertising agency
*Ananya Kumari Alex as Sanju
**Renowned makeup artist and friend of Veena who helps Appu from Ruby's Trafficking team.
*Jeeshma K George as Anitha
**HR manager of Future solar group who traps Ruby and Prakashan
*Ambarish as Harihara Poduwal
**Vasudevan's younger brother, Ruby's brother in law and IT professional
*Ranju Lakshmi as Doctor
*Anzil as Darshan
*Sini Varghese
*[[Darshana Das]]
*Raji Menon
*Nancy
*Sreelekshmi Das as Chandana (Chandhu)
*Ann rose
*Joshy Mahatma as Aani Ashari

===Cameo appearance===
*[[Saiju Kurup]] as himself (Episode 137–140)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actor-saiju-kurup-excited-to-play-a-cameo-in-swantham-sujatha-says-my-wish-came-true/articleshow/84199993.cms|title = Actor Saiju Kurup excited to play a cameo in 'Swantham Sujatha', says 'My wish came true' - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
**Co-actor of Sujatha in Heavely diamonds advertisement
*[[Vinu Mohan]] as Director Vinu (Episode 137–138)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/prayaga-martin-to-aju-varghese-mollywood-stars-who-played-a-cameo-in-tv-serials/etphotostory/84408660.cms|title = Prayaga Martin to Aju Varghese: Mollywood stars who played a cameo in TV serials|website = [[The Times of India]]|date = 14 July 2021}}</ref>
**Director of Heavenly Diamonds advertisement
*[[Sreeram Ramachandran]] as Vasudevan Poduwal (Episodes 133–135)
** Ruby's First husband, a renowned temple artist based out of Palakkad who was cheated by Ruby
*[[Sruthi Lakshmi]] as Angel
** Joe's (Adam John) wife (dead) [Photo Presence]
*[[Gayathri (Malayalam actress)|Gayathri Varsha]] as Judge at Family Court
*[[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Adv. Swaminathan (Episode 178–179)
*Sadhika Venugopal as Adv. Sushma Omprakash (recurring)

===Guest appearance in promo===
*[[Haritha G Nair]]
*Manu Nair
*[[Malavika Krishnadas]]
*[[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]]
*[[Jeethu Joseph]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kishor-satya-is-all-elated-on-mollywood-director-jithu-josephs-surprise-visit-to-swantham-sujatha-location-see-pics/articleshow/79237285.cms|title=Kishor Satya is all elated on Mollywood director Jithu Joseph's surprise visit to 'Swantham Sujatha' location; see pics - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
*Uma Nair
*[[Shalu Menon]]
*Vishnuprasad
*Ajay Thomas
*Sreedevi Anil
*Binsa

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singers 
| music1 = Shyam Dharman 
| lyrics1 = Bharat Kumar Vazhappilly 
| total_length = 3:24
| title1 = Aakaasa ponnvettam aalolam veezhumppol" "ആകാശ പൊൻവെട്ടം ആലോളം വീഴുമ്പോൾ
| length2 = 0:50
| title2 = Jeevithamonnane koottikettaan paniyaane" "ജീവിതമൊന്നാണെ കൂട്ടികെട്ടാൻ പണിയാണെ
| length1 = 2:34
| extra1 = Chithra ArunGovind Velayudhan
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Surya TV programs}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sun Surya original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]

A. V. Meiyappan

2026-04-01T05:54:01Z

AyushAmar: Started new info - done

{{short description|Indian film producer, film director and screenwriter}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. V. Meiyappan
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* Alamelu Meiyappan
* Rajeswari Meiyappan<ref name="centenary_bio" />
}}
| image = AV Meiyappan.jpg
| birth_name = Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1907|7|28}}
| birth_place = [[Karaikudi]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|8|12|1907|6|28}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film producer]]|
[[Film director]]|
[[Screenwriter]]}}
| years_active = 1934–1973
| children = 12, including [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]
}}

'''Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar''' (28 July 1907 – 12 August 1979), also known as '''A. V. Meiyappan''', '''A. V. Meiyappa Chettiar''' or '''AVM''', was an Indian film producer, film director and screenwriter who established [[AVM Productions]] in [[Vadapalani]], [[Chennai]]. He is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of [[Tamil cinema]],<ref name="The Hindu_bio">{{cite news | last=Guy | first=Randor | title= AVM, the adventurer | date=28 July 2006 | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/28/stories/2006072802680100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523110401/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/28/stories/2006072802680100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=23 May 2008 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date = 13 April 2008}}</ref> and one of three movie [[Business magnate|moguls]] of the South Indian film industry along with [[S. S. Vasan]] and [[L. V. Prasad]].<ref name="legends">{{cite news | title=The Stamp of Honour | date=10 July 2000 | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/07/10/stories/09100224.htm | work=The Hindu: Friday Review | access-date=13 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307050819/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/07/10/stories/09100224.htm | archive-date=7 March 2008 | url-status=usurped }}</ref> His production company [[AVM Productions]] is the only production company in [[Kollywood]] (Tamil film industry) to run successfully for five decades and three generations.

AVM was born in [[Karaikudi]] in a well-to-do [[Nagarathar]] family. He moved to Chennai (then known as Madras) at an early age and established Saraswathi Stores which sold gramophone records. Subsequently, he entered the film industry and started directing his own films. After some initial setbacks, AVM delivered a string of hits in the early 1940s. Following the immense success of his 1947 film ''[[Naam Iruvar (1947 film)|Nam Iruvar]]'', AVM moved to film production and established [[AVM Productions]] in [[Chennai]], first at [[Santhome]] and then at [[Kodambakkam]]. In 1951, AVM entered the Hindi film industry with the film ''[[Bahar (1951 film)|Bahar]]'' starring [[Vyjayanthimala]]. By the time he died in 1979, he had produced 167 films.

Notable films produced by AVM Productions are ''[[Vaazhkai (1949 film)|Vazhkai]]'', ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'', ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'', ''[[Hum Panchhi Ek Daal Ke]]'', ''[[Bhookailas (1940 film)|Bhookailas]]'', ''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'', ''[[Server Sundaram]]'' and ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]''. AVM also directed a number of films in the 1930s and 1940s, the notable ones being ''[[Alli Arjuna]]'', ''[[Bhookailas (1940 film)|Bhookailas]]'', ''[[Sabapathy (1941 film)|Sabapathy]]'', ''[[Sri Valli (1945 film)|Sri Valli]]'' and ''[[Naam Iruvar (1947 film)|Nam Iruvar]]''.

==Early life==


AVM was born in [[Karaikudi]] on 28 July 1907<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.upperstall.com/people/avmeiyappan.html |title=Biography of AVM |access-date=13 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226134140/http://www.upperstall.com/people/avmeiyappan.html |archive-date=26 February 2008 }}</ref> to [[Nagarathar]] family of father Avichi Chettiar and mother Lakshmi Achi. Avichi Chettiar owned a department store called AV & Sons which sold gramophone records.<ref name="centenary_bio">{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/film/News/2006/07avm.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216145736/http://chennaionline.com/film/News/2006/07avm.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2008|title=A.V. Meiyappa Chettiar Birth Centenary|date=25 July 2006 |author=Rangaraj, R. |work=Chennai Online}}</ref><ref name=moghul>{{cite web|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960803/03/2832a.html|date=3 August 1996|title=The making of a movie moghul|access-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961220110607/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960803/03/2832a.html|archive-date=20 December 1996}}</ref> At an early age, AVM envisioned better prospects in the trade of manufacturing records than simply selling them.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /><ref name="bio" /><ref name="VCD">{{cite news | title =Saga of a Legend | date =15 August 2003 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/15/stories/2003081501440200.htm | work =The Hindu | access-date =13 April 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080502145752/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/15/stories/2003081501440200.htm | archive-date =2 May 2008 | url-status =usurped }}</ref> Hence, he moved to Madras with his friends K.S. [[Narayan Iyengar]] and Subbaiah Chettiar and established a new firm called ''Saraswathi Stores'' on 9 September 1932.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> This new firm also manufactured gramophone records apart from selling them.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /><ref name="bio" /> In this new venture, he got excellent support from the manager K.P. Varadachari and his lawyer friend [[Thoothukudi Govindachari Raghavachari]].<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /> Some of AVM's early productions were dramas on mythological subjects like ''[[Ramayana]]m''.<ref name="bio" />

==Early film career==
With the dawn of the [[talkies]], AVM established the ''Saraswathi Sound Productions''.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /> In 1935, AVM made his debut as a producer with the Tamil film ''Alli Arjuna'' which performed miserably at the box-office. His next venture ''Ratnavali'' was another failure. He then teamed up with Jayanthilal, a cinema house owner and promoted a new company, Pragati Pictures Ltd.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /><ref name="bio" />

In 1938, AVM bought the rights for the Tamil remake of a [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]] on the boyhood of [[Lord Krishna]].<ref name="bio" /> This film ''Nandakumar'' was an average grosser. AVM introduced a 14-year-old boy, [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]],<ref name="TR">{{cite web|url=http://www.tfmpage.com/my/mani/trm.html|title=Detailed biography of T.R.Mahalingam|access-date=14 April 2008|archive-date=14 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314135646/http://www.tfmpage.com/my/mani/trm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="EarlyTamilCinemaII">{{cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna2.htm|title=Tamil Cinema History – The Early Days. Part II:1937–1944|access-date=16 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917185055/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna2.htm|archive-date=17 September 2008|url-status=usurped}}</ref> for the part of the young Lord Krishna. This young boy would later become an efficient singer turning in a number of melodious hits. Lalitha Venkataraman sang for the character Devaki making ''Nandakumar'' the first film to introduce the concept of [[playback singing]] in the Tamil film industry.<ref name="bio" /> Nandakumar was also one of the first Tamil movies to be shot on location as AVM leased the Club House off Mount Road in Chennai to shoot scenes without erecting sets.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" />

AVM started his own studios in 1940 and named it ''Pragathi Studios''.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> In the same year, AVM produced ''[[Bhookailas (1940 film)|Bhookailas]]'' which became one of the most popular film versions of the [[Ramayana]].<ref name="bio" /><ref name=moghul /> The film was made in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], it was a famous Kannada play and its lead actors were from [[Kannada cinema]] and it was directed by [[Sundar Rao Nadkarni]] from Karnataka, who had received his training in Bombay.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /> AVM's comedy flick ''Sabapathy''(1941) starring T.R. Ramachandran, [[K. Sarangapani]] and Kali N. Ratnam was a runaway hit<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /><ref name="EarlyTamilCinemaII" /> as also ''Poli Panchali'', another comedy.<ref name="bio" /> ''Sabapathy'' eventually emerged as one of the greatest comedy films of the era. He followed this with another hit ''En Manaivi''.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" />

In 1943, he produced the film ''Harischandra'' in [[Kannada]] based on the legend of a king who attempted to kill his own son to defend justice.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /> The next year, the film was [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] making it the first Indian film to be dubbed from one language to another.<ref name="centenary_bio" /><ref name="EarlyTamilCinemaII" /> During the making of ''Sri Valli'' in 1945,<ref name="bio" /> he employed singer Periyanayaki to sing for actress Rukmini.<ref name=moghul /> This was AVM's second film to make use of playback.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /> Pragati technicians worked round the clock to synchronise voice and lip. Reels were shipped back and forth in cars and trains between Madras and [[Karaikkudi]] to ensure good quality.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" />

==AVM Productions==
[[File:Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar (logo).jpg|thumb|left|Logo of AVM Productions in its early days]]

On 14 November 1945, riding on the phenomenal success of his first few films, AVM established his new production company, [[AVM Productions]] at [[Santhome]], [[Chennai]].<ref name="centenary_bio" /> He wanted to start his studio in [[Kodambakkam]] but was unable to, due to the acute power shortage during the Second World War.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> Left with no other choice, AVM established his studio at his hometown of Karaikudi. AVM's first film under the banner of ''AVM Productions'' was ''Vedhala Ulagam''.<ref name="centenary_bio" />

In 1947, AVM produced the film ''[[Naam Iruvar (1947 film)|Nam Iruvar]]'' based on [[S. V. Sahasranamam]]'s play of the same name.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="Landmarks">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiafilm.com/lm.htm |title=Landmarks in Tamil cinema |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001605/http://www.indiafilm.com/lm.htm |archive-date=10 April 2008 }}</ref> Reflecting the intense patriotic fervour and hope which engulfed the newborn nation, the film released in January 1947 after six months of shooting and was "a thundering success".<ref name="blo">{{cite news | title =From Naam Iruvar to Sivaji | date =15 August 2007 | url =http://www.blonnet.com/2007/08/15/stories/2007081552860200.htm | work =The Hindu:Business Line | access-date =16 April 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080521170549/http://www.blonnet.com/2007/08/15/stories/2007081552860200.htm | archive-date =21 May 2008 | url-status =dead }}</ref> The story begins with a [[Subramania Bharati]] anniversary and ends with Gandhi's 77th birthday celebrations.<ref name="bio" /> The success of ''Naam Iruvar'' was followed by the success of ''Vedhala Ulagam'' in 1948 and ''[[Vaazhkai (1949 film)|Vazhkai]]'' in 1949.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> ''Vazhkai'' saw the introduction of [[Vyjayanthimala]] who would later emerge as one of the top film stars of India.<ref name="Vyjayanthimala">{{cite news | last=Umashankar | first=Sudha | title=Bali Uncensored | date=29 April 2001 | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/19/stories/13190782.htm | work=The Hindu | access-date=14 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522055518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/19/stories/13190782.htm | archive-date=22 May 2008 | url-status=usurped }}</ref> The film ran for 25 weeks and was released as ''[[Jeevitham (1950 film)|Jeevitham]]'' (1949) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref name="Jeevitham">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0240631/|title=Entry for ''Jeevitham'' in IMDB |access-date=16 April 2008|publisher=IMDB}}</ref> and ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'' in Hindi. With the success of ''Vazhkai'', AVM Productions began to produce films in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] and even [[Cinema of Sri Lanka|Sinhalese]].<ref name="centenary_bio" /> Following India's independence, the power shortages had been met and AVM studios shifted to the sprawling location in Kodambakkam chosen by AVM, in the year 1948.<ref name="centenary_bio" />

==The 1950s==
The decade of the 1950s was a honeymoon period for AVM Productions which turned out a series of hits. The early years were marked by AVM's attempts to conquer the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]].

In 1952, AVM's Tamil film ''Parasakthi'' released in theatres all over [[Madras]] and was an instant success.<ref name="Landmarks" /> With a powerful storyline and fiery dialogues by a future [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], [[M. Karunanidhi]], the film preached social revolution and questioned the authority of Hindu temple priests. [[Sivaji Ganesan]], then a newcomer, was cast in the lead role.<ref name="SivajiGanesan">{{cite news | last= Guy | first= Randor | title= Talent, charisma and much more | date= 27 July 2001 | url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/07/27/stories/09270225.htm | work= The Hindu | access-date= 16 April 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080522055523/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/07/27/stories/09270225.htm | archive-date= 22 May 2008 | url-status= usurped }}</ref> By the mid-1950s, he had emerged as one of the top-stars in [[Kollywood]].<ref name="SivajiGanesan" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/events/news/sivaji.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011122053548/http://www.chennaionline.com/events/news/sivaji.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 November 2001|title=The rise of a colossus |access-date=16 April 2008|publisher=chennaionline.com|author=R. Rangaraj }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaheritage.org/perform/cinema/person/stars/sivaji.htm |title=Personalities of Indian cinema – Stars:Sivaji Ganesan|work=India Heritage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019164237/http://www.indiaheritage.org/perform/cinema/person/stars/sivaji.htm |date=19 October 2007 |archive-date=19 October 2007}}</ref>

Sivaji also starred in AVM's next Tamil film ''[[Antha Naal|Andha Naal]]'' (1954) directed by [[S. Balachander]].<ref name="Andha Naal">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154153/|title=Entry for ''Andha Naal'' in IMDB |date=13 April 1954 |access-date=16 April 2008|publisher=IMDB}}</ref> The film, the first film without any songs to be released in any Indian language,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culturopedia.com/Cinema/tamil_cinema.html|title=History of Tamil cinema|access-date=16 April 2008|publisher=culturopedia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118213158/http://culturopedia.com/Cinema/tamil_cinema.html|archive-date=18 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> was about a radio engineer who intrigues with the invading Japanese during the Second World War and is eventually killed by his wife.<ref name="AndhaNaal2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nadigarthilagam.com/filmanalysis/andhanaal.htm |title=Review of film ''Andha Naal'' |access-date=16 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521135331/http://www.nadigarthilagam.com/filmanalysis/andhanaal.htm |archive-date=21 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The style of narration had been heavily borrowed from [[Akira Kurosawa]]'s [[Rashomon (film)|Rashomon]].

In 1953, AVM produced the Kannada film ''Jatakaphala'' which was dubbed into ''[[Jatakam]]'' in Tamil and ''Jatakaphalam'' in Telugu.<ref name="Jatakaphalam">[http://imdb.com/title/tt0263486/ IMDB entry for ''Jatakaphalam'']</ref><ref name="Kamala_Bai">{{cite news|title=Yesteryear actress Kamala Bai in coma |date=21 November 1998 |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19981122/32650154p.html |work=The Indian Express News Service |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521100105/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19981122/32650154p.html |archive-date=21 May 2008 }}</ref> In 1958, AVM made ''[[Bhookailas (1958 Telugu film)|Bhookailas]]'' in Telugu,<ref name="Bhookailas">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm |title=AVM's Bhookailas (1958) film review from ''cinegoer.com''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929192609/http://www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm |date=29 September 2011|archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> which triggered the "golden age of Telugu cinema".<ref name="Bhookailas" /> It was subsequently remade as ''Bhakta Ravana'' in Tamil and ''Bhakti Mahima'' in Hindi.<ref name="Bhakta Ravana">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0262281/ IMDB entry for ''Bhookailas'']</ref>

==The 1960s==


In 1961, AVM produced the Telugu film ''[[Papa Pariharam]]''<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0156868/ IMDB entry for ''Papa Pariharam'']</ref> which was a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Paava Mannippu|Pavamanippu]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film265200.htm |title=''Pavamanippu'' from the ''Complete Index to World Film'' database|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208163935/http://www.citwf.com/film265200.htm |date=8 February 2012|archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> which released in the same year. Both were directed by eminent director [[A. Bhimsingh]] and starred [[Sivaji Ganesan|Shivaji Ganesan]], [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Devika]]. Like most of AVM's early films, ''Pavamanippu'' too had a storyline based on the Second World War.

''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'' in 1960 saw the introduction of another star in Tamil cinema, the thespian [[Kamal Haasan]]<ref name="Kamal1">{{cite news | last= Ashok Kumar | first= S. R. | title= 'AVM brings family entertainment' | date=11 May 2004 | url =http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/05/11/stories/2004051110550200.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080523110441/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/05/11/stories/2004051110550200.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =23 May 2008 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 17 April 2008}}
</ref><ref name="Kamal2">{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/kamalprofile_printer.php |title=Profile of Kamal Hassan from ''telugucinema.com''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521153341/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/kamalprofile_printer.php |date=21 May 2008|archive-date=21 May 2008|work=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref> who played an unforgettable supporting role as a young orphan. He was barely six years old at the time.<ref name="Kamal2" />

His next Tamil venture ''[[Server Sundaram]]'' (1964) featuring [[Nagesh]], who was a budding comedian then and debutant [[Major Sundarrajan]] was a roaring success. ''Server Sundaram'' was one of Nagesh's early hits which set the pace for an illustrious career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaibest.com/cityresources/entertainment/movies/features01.asp |title=Landmarks in Tamil cinema, from ''chennaibest.com''|work=Chennai Best|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315064236/http://www.chennaibest.com/cityresources/entertainment/movies/features01.asp |date=15 March 2008|archive-date=15 March 2008}}</ref> It also launched Major Sundarrajan as a character actor in the Tamil film industry.<ref>{{cite news | last= Guy | first= Randor | title= Dialogue delivery set him apart | date= 7 March 2003 | url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701070300.htm | work= The Hindu | access-date= 19 April 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080522063156/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701070300.htm | archive-date= 22 May 2008 | url-status= usurped }}</ref> Sundarrajan's second hit, ''Major Chandrakanth'' where his famous portrayal of title role earned him the screen name "Major" Sundarrajan was also produced by AVM.<ref name="bio" />

''Pavithra Prema'', ''Penchina Prema'', ''Naadi Aada Janme'', ''Chitti Chellelu'', ''Letha Manasulu'' and ''Mooga Nomu'' were some good Telugu films which were produced by AVM during the period. However, AVM's greatest success of the 1960s was ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film)|Bhakta Prahalada]]'' which was produced in Telugu and subsequently dubbed into Tamil and Hindi. The film was based on the story of [[Narasimha]] [[Avatar]] from [[Hindu mythology]]. It was directed by Chitrapu Narayana Murthy and starred [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as ''Hiranyakasyapu'' and Baby Rojaramani as ''Prahlada''.<ref name="Prahlada_review">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/bhaktaprahladaeng.htm |title=Review of Bhakta Prahlada (1967) from ''cinegoer.com''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315003423/http://www.cinegoer.com/bhaktaprahladaeng.htm |date=15 March 2008 |work=Cinegoer|archive-date=15 March 2008}}</ref> Narayanmurthy had earlier directed a black-and-white version of [[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu film)|Bhakta Prahlada]] in 1942 which had failed at the box-office.<ref name="Prahlada_review" /> However, the colour version which was produced a quarter of a century later under the banner of AVM Productions was a resounding success. Of the 10 different filmised versions of the ''Prahlada'' story, the 1967 colour version remains the most famous and remembered.<ref name="Prahlada_review" />

Another successful film by AVM in the 1960s was the 1966 film ''[[Anbe Vaa (1966 film)|Anbe Vaa]]'' featuring the legendary [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[Saroja Devi]] and [[Nagesh]].<ref name="anbe_vaa">{{cite web|url=http://123indianonline.com/movies/anbe-vaa-1966/ |title=Anbe Vaa – 1966 |access-date=14 May 2008 |publisher=123indiaonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406081134/http://123indianonline.com/movies/anbe-vaa-1966/ |archive-date=6 April 2008 }}</ref> The film was a major success and the song ''Rajavin Paarvai'' topped the charts for a long time.<ref name="anbe_vaa" /> In 1970, AVM produced ''Enga Mama'' featuring Sivaji Ganesan. ''Enga Mama'' was a Tamil remake of the Hindi film ''Brahmachari'' produced by [[G. P. Sippy]] and performed moderately at the box-office.

==Films in Hindi==
From the initial phase of his career, AVM was associated with a number of producers and directors from North India. His 1938 film ''Nandakumar'' was the Tamil remake of a Marathi film. His 1940 film ''[[Bhookailas (1940 film)|Bhookailas]]'' was directed by Sundar Rao Nadkarni who had received his training in Bombay.

In 1951, AVM made his entry into the Hindi film industry with ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]''. Starring [[Vyjayanthimala]], Karan Dewan, [[Pandari Bai]], Pran, Om Prakash and [[Tabassum]], it was a remake of the 1948 Tamil film ''[[Vaazhkai (1949 film)|Vazhkai]]''. Apart from being AVM's first film in Hindi, it also marked the launch of [[Vyjayanthimala]] in the Hindi film industry. In 1954, he made ''[[Ladki]]'', his second film in Hindi, with [[Vyjayanthimala]] again in the lead. Both these films were directed by [[M. V. Raman]].

After enjoying moderate successes in his first two films in Hindi which went unnoticed, AVM ascended the heights of Bollywood with the third one ''Hum Panchi Ek Daal Ke''(1957). It was a children's film based on the theme of national integration and won him the prime minister's gold medal.<ref name="centenary_bio" />

After the phenomenal success of ''Hum Panchi Ek Dal Ke'', AVM produced some good films like ''Bhai Bhai''(1956), which was popular for the song ''Mera Naam Abdul Rehman'' sung by [[Kishore Kumar]]<ref name="music_india">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/hindi_bollywood/s/producer.167/ |title=AVM |access-date=10 May 2008 |publisher=musicindiaonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521213315/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/hindi_bollywood/s/producer.167/ |archive-date=21 May 2008 }}</ref> and ''Miss Mary''(1957), the dubbed version of the Tamil film ''Missiamma''.<ref name="Deccan_Herald">{{cite news|title=No more Tamil films, says AVM Studios |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/july292004/n2.asp |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520215100/http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/july292004/n2.asp |archive-date=20 May 2011 }}</ref> ''[[Bhabhi (1957 film)|Bhabhi]]'' (1957) featured [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Pandari Bai]] and [[Nanda (actress)|Nanda]], apart from comedian [[Jagdeep]] in his first romantic role.<ref name="rediff">{{cite news | last=Srinivasan | first= V.S. | title= Meet Soorma Bhopali | date= 14 July 1998| url =http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/jul/14jag.htm | work =rediff.com | access-date = 10 May 2008}}</ref> Jagdeep also acted in other films produced by AVM as ''Hum Panchi Ek Dal Ke'' and ''Barkha''.<ref name="rediff" />

The Hindi films ''Miss Mary'', ''Bhakti Mahima'' and ''Bhakt Prahlad'' were dubbed versions of AVM's Tamil or Telugu hits.

The 1961 film ''Chhaya'' won [[Nirupa Roy]] the Filmfare Award for the Best Actress in a Supporting Role.<ref name="chaya_filmfare">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodsoundtracks.com/html/filmfareawardbestsupportingactress.htm |title=Filmfare Award Best Supporting Actress – Complete Winners List |access-date=10 May 2008 |publisher=bollywoordsoundtracks.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510085336/http://www.bollywoodsoundtracks.com/html/filmfareawardbestsupportingactress.htm |archive-date=10 May 2008 }}</ref> Other notable Hindi films made by AVM during the 1960s were ''Man Mauji'', ''Main Chup Rahungi'', ''Pooja Ke Phool'' and ''Mehrban''.

AVM's last Hindi film was ''[[Jeene Ki Arzoo]]'' directed by [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]] in 1981.

==Family==
Meiyappan has five sons and six daughters born to his two wives Alamelu and Rajeswari.

From Alamelu Meiyappan, who died in 1946, has 1 son and 5 daughters.

For Rajeswari Meiyappan, who died on 9 November 2008, has 1 daughter and 4 sons including [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]].

With dawn of the 1970s, production had slowed down considerably.<ref name="bio" /> This was due to the fact that AVM himself was aging. Moreover, the AVM family chose to focus their attention upon social activities other than filming. AVM Productions produced not more than four films during the decade: ''Bomma Borusa'', ''Dil Ka Raja'',''Akka Thamudu'' and ''Jaise Ko Taisa''. ''Bomma Borusa'' made in Telugu by [[K. Balachander]] was an average grosser as was the Hindi film ''Dil Ka Raja'' which released in 1972. ''Akka Thamudu'' directed by the successful partnership of Krishnan–Panju was AVM's last film in Telugu. It was also AVM's only Telugu film featuring [[Jayalalithaa Jayaram|Jayalalithaa]]. In 1973, AVM produced his last film [[Jaise Ko Taisa]] starring Jitendra in the lead role.

AVM did not produce any movies following ''[[Jeene Ki Arzoo]]'' in 1981. He spent his time on social activities and the charitable institutions he had built as well as looking after his massive business empire.

AVM died on 12 August 1979 at the age of 72. In 1980, as per AVM's last wishes, AVM Studios commenced film production under Meiyappan's sons [[A.V.M Kumaran]] and [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]], after a seven-year hiatus.<ref name="The Hindu_bio" /><ref name="bio" />

==Legacy==
[[File:AV Meiyappan 2006 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|A. V. Meiyappan on a 2006 stamp of India]]
During a career spanning four decades, AVM had produced 167 movies in all.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="cinegoer">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/titbitsarchives/janmar2006.htm |title=AVM Productions Began As Saraswati Sound Productions |access-date=11 May 2008 |publisher=cinegoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303230229/http://www.cinegoer.com/titbitsarchives/janmar2006.htm |archive-date=3 March 2008 }}</ref> He also directed most of his early movies. He is credited with having introduced [[Kollywood]]'s first playback singers, made India's first dubbed film and Kollywood's first film shot on location. He has also had the distinction of having had five chief ministers work in his films – [[C. N. Annadurai]] wrote the script for AVM's ''Ore Iravu'', [[M. Karunanidhi]] scripted the dialogues for ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'', [[M. G. Ramachandran]] played the hero in ''Anbe Vaa'', [[J. Jayalalithaa]] was the heroine in AVM's ''Major Chandrakanth'' and ''Akka Thamudu'' and [[N. T. Rama Rao]] starred in AVM's ''Jeevitham'', ''Ramu'' and ''Bhookailas''.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> During his four decades in the Indian film industry, he also introduced actors as [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]], [[Vyjayanthimala]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Kamal Haasan]] and Major Sundarrajan, who later became top stars in Kollywood. But his greatest achievement is undoubtedly his massive business empire which comprises a production company, a cinema, a movie studio and a string of educational institutions and charities.

Of AVM's creations, AVM Productions is the most prominent. The production company is into its sixty-second year with three generations of the AVM family into the film production business. After AVM's death, the company passed into the hands of his sons M. Balasubramanian and [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]. Under the able leadership of M. Saravanan, AVM Productions has continued producing hits as ''[[Punnami Naagu (1980 film)|Punnami Naagu]]'' (launchpad for chiranjeevi as most notable actor), ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kalai]]'' (which launched [[Rajnikanth]] into superstardom), ''Samsaram Adhu Minsaram'' (1986), ''[[Minsaara Kanavu|Minsara Kanavu]]'' (1997), ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'' (2002), and ''Perazhagan'' (2004). In 2007 (which was also AVM's birth centenary year), AVM Productions released ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji the Boss]]'' starring [[Rajnikanth]] and [[Shriya Saran|Shreya]].<ref name="sivaji">{{cite web|url=http://www.buzz18.com/news/movies/rajini-lucky-mascot-for-avm-prod/21541/0 |title=Rajini: Lucky mascot for AVM Prod |access-date=13 May 2008 |publisher=Galatta.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522132847/http://www.buzz18.com/news/movies/rajini-lucky-mascot-for-avm-prod/21541/0 |archive-date=22 May 2008 }}</ref> Made at enormous cost of Rs. 60 to 960 million (15 to 20 million dollars), it is the costliest Tamil film made to date and had earned a critical reception worldwide.<ref name="sivaji_bayarea">{{cite web|url=http://archie.lipsmusic.net/archives/2007/06/14/moviez/sivaji-in-bay-area/ |title=Sivaji in Bay area |access-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706141045/http://archie.lipsmusic.net/archives/2007/06/14/moviez/sivaji-in-bay-area/ |archive-date=6 July 2008 }}</ref> In recent times, AVM Productions has significant lessened film production making only one or two films a year.<ref name="Deccan_Herald" /> Instead, the production house is concentrating on making [[tele serials]] and documentaries<ref name="Deccan_Herald" /> Currently, Saravanan's son [[M. S. Guhan]] and Balasubramanian's son, [[Gurunath Meiyappan|B. Gurunath]] are also into show business forming the family's third generation in the business.

In 1955, AVM won the president's gold medal for the Hindi film ''Hum Panchi Ek Dal Ke''.<ref name="centenary_bio" /> In 2006, the Government of India issued a stamp commemorating the achievements of AVM. On the 24th death anniversary of Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar, in 2003, AVM Productions released a VCD on the life of its founder.<ref name="VCD" /> Starting with his early childhood in Karaikudi, the 2-hour long documentary told the story of AVM's entry into the film industry and his rise to greatness.

On 30 July 2006, in commemoration of AVM's centenary year, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, [[M. Karunanidhi]], unveiled a statue of A. V. Meiyappan at the campus of the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce.<ref name="AVM_statue">{{cite news | title= Tributes paid to A.V. Meiyappan | date=30 July 2006 | url =http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/31/stories/2006073117370600.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071119102523/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/31/stories/2006073117370600.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =19 November 2007 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 12 May 2008}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
Apart from his contributions to the growth of motion picture industry in Tamil Nadu, AVM has also donated extensively for charitable causes. The charitable activities of the AVM group were channelled through an organisation called AVM Charities established at [[Mylapore]] in Chennai. This trust has been managed by the descendants of AVM since his death in 1979. The AVM Charities had provided land for old age homes<ref name="vishranthi">{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/society/vishranthi.asp|title=A Heavenly abode for the Aged|access-date=13 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521080452/http://chennaionline.com/society/vishranthi.asp|archive-date=21 May 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> and organising social events. The AVM family also owns a marriage hall, AVM Rajeswari Kalyana Mandapam which is generally rented for Hindu marriages.<ref name="Kalyana_Mandapam">{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaiatlas.com/matrimonial/marriagehalls.php |title=Marriage Halls in Chennai |access-date=13 May 2008 |publisher=chennaiatlas.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521031711/http://www.chennaiatlas.com/matrimonial/marriagehalls.php |archive-date=21 May 2008 }}</ref> This marriage hall is controlled by the AVM family through AVM Charities.<ref name="SPCA">{{cite web|url=http://www.madrasspca.org/events.htm|title=Humane Education|access-date=13 May 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510212626/http://www.madrasspca.org/events.htm |archive-date = 10 May 2008}}</ref> Following the astounding success of the 2007 Tamil film ''Sivaji'', AVM Productions declared publicly that it would offer 25% of the revenues from the film as charity.<ref name="sivaji_bayarea" />

The AVM Group owns a string of educational institutions all over Chennai. On 10 June 1963, AVM inaugurated Avichi High School in [[Virugambakkam]] in memory of his father Avichi Chettiar. The motive behind the founding was to provide good quality education to the poorer sections of society. Later, Avichi High School was upgraded to Avichi Higher Secondary School. A number of schools have been established since the creation of ''Avichi School''. In 1994, AVM's son Kumaran established the ''Avichi High School for girls''. This was followed by the establishment of AVM Rajeswari Matriculation Higher Secondary School in Virugambakkam in 1995. These schools which are run by the AVM Group as a part of AVM Charities are regarded as some of the best in Chennai.

==Filmography==
{{main|AVM Productions#Filmography}}

==Awards==
* He won [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Tamil]] - [[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]] (1966) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=Ramu+A.V.+Meiyappan+|title = Collections|year = 1991}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[AVM Productions]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Enatu Valkkai Anuppavangal'' ({{translation}} My Experiences in Life), Autobiography by A. V. Meiyappan.{{in lang|ta}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410010024/http://www.avm.in/ Website of AVM Productions]
* {{IMDb name|0577149}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080228214908/http://www.avmrajeswari.in/ Website of AVM Rajeswari School]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511164313/http://www.avichigirls.in/ Website of ''Avichi Higher Secondary School for girls'']

{{AVM Productions}}
{{Chettinad Villages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meiyappan A. V.}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:People from Sivaganga district]]

John Wilson (Scottish missionary)

2026-03-28T17:30:45Z

AyushAmar: improved article

{{short description|19th-century Christian missionary, orientalist, and educator in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = The Very Reverend
| name = John Wilson
| honorific-suffix = [[Doctor of Divinity|DD]], [[Royal Society of London|FRS]]
| image = John Wilson from Disruption Worthies.png
| caption = John Wilson, Missionary and Orientalist
| religion = Christian
| church = Protestant (Church of Scotland; [[Disruption of 1843|Free Church of Scotland]])
| alma_mater = University of Edinburgh
| nationality = Scottish
| birth_date = {{birth date|1804|12|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Lauder, Berwickshire, Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1875|12|01|1804|12|11}}
| death_place = Bombay, Bombay Presidency
| parents = Andrew Wilson, Janet Hunter
}}

'''John Wilson''' [[Royal Society of London|FRS]] (11 December 1804 – 1 December 1875) was a Scottish [[Christian missionary]], [[Orientalism|orientalist]], [[Ethnography|ethnographer]], and [[Minister (Christianity)|Christian minister]]. He was the member of [[Royal Society|The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge]].

He was elected Moderator of the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] in 1870.{{sfn|Wylie|1881}}

== Early life and influence of Christianity ==
John Wilson was born in [[Lauder]] on 11 December 1804, the eldest of four brothers and three sisters, and grew up in a farming family.

His father, Andrew Wilson was a councilor of the burgh for over forty years and represented the [[parish church]] as an elder.

The family grew up in Lauder on a hill farm sprawled across seventeen hundred acres (1700 acres).

In school he was considered 'the priest' on the playground because was often seen preaching to his classmates. His being advanced for his age sometimes caused him trouble, and his preaching was sometimes seen as an offence.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |author=Mohan D. David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |year=1999 |isbn=9780802846808 |editor=Gerald H. Anderson |page=742 |chapter=Wilson, John (1804-1975) and Margaret (Bayne) (1795-1835) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA742}}</ref><ref name=":1">Keeping Faith with Culture: Protestant Mission Among Zoroastrians of Bombay in the Nineteenth Century. Namdaran, Farshid // International Bulletin of Missionary Research; April 2003, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p. 71.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Numark |first=Mitch |date=May 2011 |title=Translating Dharma : Scottish Missionary-Orientalists and the Politics of Religious Understanding in Nineteenth-Century Bombay |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article/70/2/471/340307 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=471–500 |doi=10.1017/S002191181100009X |issn=0021-9118|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Education ==
As a child Wilson revealed that he was more intelligent than his siblings, learning to walk and talk at an early age.

When Wilson was four, he started at a school in Lauder, taught by a [[George Murray (British Army officer)|George Murray]]. He was only there for a year before he was moved to a [[parish school]] to be taught by [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] [[Alexander Paterson (penologist)|Alexander Paterson]] under whom he progressed in his spiritual life. Mr. Paterson affected not only his students' spiritually but also the community.

He left school at the age of fourteen, the standard end of school in Scotland in the 19th century.

From 1819 he attended the [[University of Edinburgh]], where he studied [[linguistics]], [[philosophy]] and [[theology]] for eight years, and also mastered the languages of [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hebrew]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]] and [[Avestan|Zend]]. He graduated from the university in 1828.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">Wilson, John. A Memoir of Mrs. Margaret Wilson, of the Scottish Mission, Bombay: Including Extracts from Her Letters and Journals. Edinburgh: William Whyte and Co, 1844. Print. p. 156.</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=2011-10-24 |title=Select Shi'a '''ulama'' of colonial India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511791505.012 |journal=Shi'a Islam in Colonial India |pages=243–250 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511791505.012|isbn=978-1-107-00460-3 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=J. B. |date=2015-01-12 |title=Luther in the Tropics: Karsandas Mulji and the Colonial "Reformation" of Hinduism |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfu114 |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=181–209 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfu114 |issn=0002-7189|hdl=1807/95442 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite thesis |last=Scott |first=Joshua Barton |date=2009 |title=Divine Exposures: Religion and Imposture in Colonial India |hdl=10161/1639 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10161/1639 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Arrival in India and Early Missionary activities==
[[File:The Wilson College, Mumbai.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Wilson College, Mumbai]], established 1832.]]
[[File:Rev-dr-john-wilson-1804-1875-vice-chancellor-of-th.jpg|thumb|right|Rev. Dr John Wilson dressing for an early photograph by [[David Octavius Hill]] & [[Robert Adamson (photographer)|Robert Adamson]]]]
[[File:John Wilson from George Smith's biography.png|thumb|John Wilson from George Smith's biography]]
In 1829, a year after his graduation, Wilson and his wife went to [[Bombay]] as [[Christian mission]]aries supported by the [[Church of Scotland]].

The couple first studied [[Marathi language|Marathi]] at [[Harnai, Maharashtra|Harnai]]; then in 1831 they moved back to [[Mumbai|Bombay]], where Wilson established the [[Ambroli Church]] for the people.

During 1830-1831, Wilson engaged in [[debates]] with [[Hindu apologetics|Hindu apologists]] in Bombay.{{sfn|Young|1981|p=25}}

In 1830, his protege Ram Chandra, a [[Conversion to Christianity|Hindu convert to Christianity]], debated with several Hindu [[Brahmin]] apologists in public.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

In 1831, Wilson himself debated with the [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Pandit]] [[Morobhatt Dandekar]], who summarized his arguments in a Marathi language work titled ''Shri Hindu Dharma Sthapana''.{{sfn|Young|1981|p=26}}

Wilson translated Dandekar's text into English, and responded to it in his ''An Exposure of the Hindu Religion''.{{sfn|Young|1981|p=26}} [[Svadesha-dharmabhimani|Narayan Rao]] of [[Satara (city)|Satara]] responded to Wilson's text in a pamphlet edited by Dandekar, and Wilson responded to it with ''A Second Exposure of the Hindoo Religion'' (1834).{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=65}}

Wilson was among the one of Christian missionaries who participated in famous religious polemics with Vishnubuva Brahmachari - an ascetic defender of the Hindu dharma. These meetings were held at Mumbai sea shore from 15 January 1857 to 28 May 1857 on every Thursday evening. Rev. George Bowen had published a book viz. Discussions by the Sea Side giving brief report of these meetings.

== European Education in Bombay ==
Determined to set up educational institutions for the young in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], Wilson first established an English school name Wilson High School at Girgaon in 1832, and added a college in 1836 - now called [[Wilson College, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/D%20Ward/Heritage-Sites/Heritage-21.pdf |title= John Wilson (1804-1875) |author= |date= |website= Mumbai Legacy Project, D Ward |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://wilsoncollege.edu/ProspectusNew/Prospectus4__.pdf |title= Wilson College Prospectus 2025-26, page 3 |author= |date= |website= Wilson College |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref> With this school he was able to introduce [[Education in Europe|European education]], [[examinations]] and [[textbooks]] to the people of the city.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5" />

This would gradually change the way in which schools in [[Bombay]] orchestrated themselves. In 1857 Wilson helped to establish the [[Bombay University]], and went on to become its Vice-Chancellor in 1869.

Wilson's wife, [[Margaret Bayne Wilson|Margaret]], also influenced the education system in Bombay, and aided the female population by establishing schools for girls in 1829. In 1832 she established a [[boarding school]] for females, now called St. Columba High School. This was western India's first boarding school for females.<ref name=":0" />

The couple also opened schools in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hebrew]] for the Native [[Jews|Jewish community]] of the [[Bene Israel]] of the [[Konkan region]], teaching boys as well as girls and translating the [[Bible]] especially the [[Old Testament]] for their benefit.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

==His wives and family==

As per the official records, Dr Wilson married:
*In 1828, he married [[Margaret Bayne]] and together they went as [[Christian missionaries]] of the [[Church of Scotland|Scottish Missionary Society]] to [[Bombay, India]], arriving on 13 February 1829.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Wilson and Margaret had a son named Andrew (born 1831). Andrew John Wilson was an [[Orientalism|Oriental traveler]], editor of the [[The Times of India|Times of India]], author of ''The Abode of Snow'' (1875) and other works - he died at [[Ullswater]], Howton on 9 June 1881. Following Margaret's death, her sisters, Anna and Hay Bayne, joined Wilson in India as housekeepers and companions.<ref name=":2">Ewing, William ''Annals of the Free Church''</ref><ref name="DWW">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Bayne, Margaret (1798–1835) | url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bayne-margaret-1798-1835 | editor1=Anne Commire | editor1-link=Anne Commire | editor2=Deborah Klezmer | encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of Women Worldwide|Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages]] | year=2006 | access-date=1 March 2023 | via=Encyclopedia.com | archive-date=3 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303000728/https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bayne-margaret-1798-1835 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*In September 1846, Dr Wilson married Isabella who was the second daughter of Scottish advocate [[James Dennistoun]] of [[Dennistoun]].{{sfn|Scott|1928}} She died in 1867 and he was then joined in India by her niece, Miss Taylor.<ref name=":2"/>

==Writings==
Wilson was the author of many books. Early in his mission he started a periodical about religion, society, culture and European thought, called ''The Oriental Christian Spectator'', which ran from 1830 to 1862.

In 1838 he wrote ''A Memoir of Mrs. Margret Wilson'', and in 1850 a ''Memoir of the Cave Temples and Monasteries and Ancient Remains in Western India''.

In 1858 he wrote, ''India Three Thousand Years Ago''. As the years went on he wrote many books, including ''Parsi Religion'' (1843), ''Evangelisation of India'' (1849), ''History of the Suppression of Female Infanticide in Western India'' (1855), ''Aboriginal Tribes of The Bombay Presidency'' (1876) and ''Indian Caste'' (1877).

As an archaeologist, Wilson wrote the 1847 ''Lands of the Bible: Visited and Described'',{{sfn|Wilson|1847}} the 1861 ''Caves of Karla'' (on the [[Karla Caves]]), and the 1875 ''Religious Excavations of Western India: Buddhist, Brahamanical and Jaina''.

* He also published a small account about the origins of the [[Bene Israel]] Jewish community of the Konkan region in 1838.
* Encouragement to Active Missionary Exertions [anon.] (Edinburgh, 1827)
* The Life of John Eliot, Apostle of the Indians [anon.] (Edinburgh, 1828)
* An Exposure of the Hindu Religion (Bombay, 1832)
* A Second Exposure of the Hindu Religion (Bombay, 1834)
* Missionary Journey in Gujrat and Cutch (Bombay, 1838)
* Memoir of Mrs Margaret Wilson (Edinburgh, 1838, 1840, 1858, 1860)
* Idiomatical Exercises illustrative of the English and Marathi Languages (Bombay, 1839)
* The Parsi Religion . . . unfolded, refuted, and contrasted with Christianity (Bombay, 1843)
* The Doctrine of Jehovah, addressed to the Parsis (Bombay, 1847)
* The Lands of the Bible Visited, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1847)
* The Evangelisation of India (Edinburgh, 1849)
* "A Memoir on the Cave Temples and Monasteries, and other Buddhist, Brahmanical, and Jaine Remains of Western India" (Journ. Bombay Asiatic Soc, iii., reprinted in 1850)
* Darkness and Dawn in India (Bombay, 1853)
* History of the Suppression of Infanticide in Western India (Bombay, 1855)
* Sermon at the Baptism of a Parsi Youth (Bombay, 1856)
* India Three Thousand Years Ago (Bombay, 1858)
* Assembly Addresses (Edinburgh, 1870)
* A Poetical Address to India (Bombay, 1872)
* Indian Caste [edited by Peter Paterson],2 vols (Bombay, 1877, Edinburgh, 1878)
* Hazer and Hazor in the Scriptures (n.d.).{{sfn|Scott|1928}}
* He founded the Oriental Christian Spectator, 1830. Contributed articles to the Bombay Quarterly Review, British and Foreign Evangelical Review, and North British Review.{{sfn|Scott|1928}}

== References ==
===Citations===

{{Reflist}}

===Sources===

*{{cite DNB|last=Carlyle |first=Edward Irving |author-link=Edward Irving Carlyle |wstitle=Wilson, John (1804-1875) |volume=62 |page=113–115|noicon=2}}{{PD-notice}}
*{{Cite ODNB|last=Carlyle |first=Edward Irving |author-link=Edward Irving Carlyle|title=Wilson, John (1804-1875) |last2=Savage|first2=David W. |date=2004|id=29671}}
*{{cite SBDEL |wstitle=Wilson, John (orientalist) |page=410–411|noicon=2}}{{PD-notice}}
*David, M. D. ''John Wilson and his Institution''. Wilson College, Bombay: John Wilson Education Society, 1975.
*{{cite book |last1=Holcomb |first1=Helen H. |title=Men of might in India missions; the leaders and their epochs, 1706-1899 |date=1901 |publisher=Fleming H. Revell company |location=New York, Chicago [etc.] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/menofmightinindi00holc/page/190/mode/2up 190]-212 |url=https://archive.org/details/menofmightinindi00holc}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=Robert |title=History of the missions of the Free church of Scotland in India and Africa |date=1873 |publisher=T. Nelson |location=London; New York |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmission00hunt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmission00hunt/page/208/mode/2up 208] et passim}}
*{{cite book |last1=Marrat |first1=Jabez |title=Two standard bearers in the East: sketches of Dr. Duff and Dr. Wilson |date=1882 |publisher=T. Woolmer |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/twostandardbear00marrgoog/page/n6/mode/2up}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Namdaran |first1=Farshid |title=Keeping Faith with Culture: Protestant Mission Among Zoroastrians of Bombay in the Nineteenth Century |journal=Protestant Mission in Bombay |date=2018 |url=https://archive.org/details/ProtestantMissinInBombay/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book |last=Scott |first=Hew |title=Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |volume=7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot/page/710/mode/2up 711]-712|date=1928 |publisher=Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd |url=https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot |author-link=Hew Scott}}{{PD-notice}}
*{{cite book|last=Smith|first=George|title=The Life of John Wilson, D.D., F.R.S. : for fifty years philanthropist and scholar in the East|location= London, Albemarle Street|publisher=John Murray|date=1878|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjohnwils00smit/page/n9/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1879 |publisher=A.C. Armstrong |location=New York |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexander01smituoft/page/n7/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1882 |publisher=A.C. Armstrong |location=New York |volume=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexanderd02smituoft}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1879 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexanderdlhs00smit|edition=Third English edition revised and abridged}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Thomas |author1-link=Thomas Smith (missionary) |title=Alexander Duff |date=1883 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderduff00smitgoog/page/n8/mode/2up}}
*[[openlibrary:works/OL13089770W/History_of_the_Suppression_of_Infanticide_in_Western_India_Under_the_..|Wilson, John. ''History of the Suppression Of Infanticide in Western India Under the Government of Bombay''. Bombay: American Mission Press, 1855.]]
*[[openlibrary:works/OL13089772W/Indian_Caste|Wilson, John. ''Indian Caste''. Bombay: Times of India Office, William Blackwood & Sons, 1877.]]
*[https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1625083W/A_memoir_of_Mrs._Margaret_Wilson_of_the_Scottish_mission_Bombay Wilson, John. ''A Memoir of Mrs. Margaret Wilson''. Bombay: William Whyte & Co, 1838.]
*Wilson, John. ''Parsi Religion''. Bombay: American Mission Press, 1843.
*{{citation |last=Wilson |first=John |title=The Lands of the Bible Visited and Described in an Extensive Journey Undertaken with Special Reference to the Promotion of Biblical Research and the Advancement of the Cause of Philanthropy, ''Vol. II'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=id07AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP11 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=William Whyte & Co. |date=1847 }}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Wylie |editor-first=James Aitken |editor-link=James Aitken Wylie |title=Disruption worthies : a memorial of 1843, with an historical sketch of the free church of Scotland from 1843 down to the present time |date=1881 |publisher=T. C. Jack |location=Edinburgh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disruptionworthi00wyli/page/497/mode/2up 497]–504 |url=https://archive.org/stream/disruptionworthi00wyli}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Young |first=Richard Fox |title=Resistant Hinduism: Sanskrit Sources on Anti-Christian Apologetics in Early Nineteenth-century India |year=1981 |publisher=De Nobili Research Library |isbn=9783900271091 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |last=O'Hanlon |first=Rosalind |title=Caste, Conflict and Ideology |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521523080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kMrsTj1NeYC&pg=PA65 }}

==External works==

{{Internet Archive author |sname=John Wilson}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, John}}
[[Category:Scottish Presbyterian missionaries]]
[[Category:Presbyterian missionaries in India]]
[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai people]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Scottish expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Scottish educators]]
[[Category:Scottish educational theorists]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:University and college founders]]
[[Category:Church of Scotland]]
[[Category:British missionary educators]]
[[Category:Scottish people of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Scottish founders]]
[[Category:19th-century ministers of the Free Church of Scotland]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish male writers]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]

Manglesh Dabral

2026-03-27T10:35:00Z

AyushAmar: new some info basic info!

{{Short description|Indian poet (1948–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manglesh Dabral
| image = Manglesh Dabral. Dec 1993. New Delhi. By Amarjit Chandan.jpg
| caption = Dabral in December 1993
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|5|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kaphalpani, [[Garhwal Kingdom|Princely State of Tehri Garhwal]], [[Dominion of India]] (present-day [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|12|9|1948|5|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Hindi poet|journalist}}
| notable_works = ''Ham Jo Dekhte Hain'' (anthology)
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2000)
}}

'''Manglesh Dabral''' (16 May 1948{{Spaced en dash}}9 December 2020) was an Indian [[Hindi literature|Hindi poet]] and journalist. He was associated with Hindi-language newspapers including ''[[Jansatta]]'', ''Hindi Patriot'', and ''Purvagrah''. Some of his popular works include ''Pahar Par Lalten'' ({{Translation|lamp on the hills}}), ''Ghar Ka Rasta'' ({{Translation|the way home}}), and ''Kavi Ka Akelapan'' ({{Translation|loneliness of a poet}}). He was a recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2000 for his anthology ''Ham Jo Dekhte Hain'' ({{Translation|what we see}}).

==Early life==
Dabral was born on 16 May 1948, in the village of Kaphalpani, [[Garhwal Kingdom|Princely State of Tehri Garhwal]] (now in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]]).<ref name="Death" /> He completed his education in [[Dehradun]].<ref name="Death" />

==Career==
[[File:Manglesh Dabral - Hindi Poet.tif|thumb|Manglesh Dabral in 1974, Delhi]]
Moving to Delhi in the late 1960s, Dabral worked at the vernacular newspapers ''Hindi Patriot'', ''Pratipaksh'' and ''Aaspaas''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=10 December 2020|title=Hindi poet-journalist Manglesh Dabral dies|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/famous-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-passes-away-7098627/|access-date=10 December 2020|work=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210075902/https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/famous-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-passes-away-7098627/|url-status=live}}</ref> He then moved to [[Bhopal]], in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to work as an editor for [[Bharat Bhavan]]'s ''Purvagrah''. He went on to work for ''Amrit Prabhat'' published from [[Allahabad]] and [[Lucknow]] before going on to being the editor of ''[[Jansatta]]'' and later at [[Sahara Samay]]. He also worked with the [[National Book Trust]] as an editorial consultant, and with the Hindi monthly magazine ''Public Agenda'' as its editor.<ref name=":0" /> He was noted as the editor of Jansatta's Sunday magazine, ''Ravivari'' where he mentored a generation of Hindi writers.<ref name=":0" /> In his roles he was described as a key link between literature and journalism.<ref name=":0" />

He published five collections of poetry, ''Pahar Par Lalten'', ''Ghar Ka Rasta'', ''Ham Jo Dekhte Hain'', ''Awaz Bhi Ek Jagah Hai'' and ''Naye Yug Men Shatru'', two collections of prose ''Lekhak Ki Roti'' and ''Kavi Ka Akelapan'', and a travel diary ''Ek Bar Iowa''.<ref name=":0" /> He translated [[Booker Prize]] winning author [[Arundhati Roy]]'s ''[[The Ministry of Utmost Happiness]]'' to Hindi as ''Apar Khushi Ka Gharana.<ref name=":0" />''

He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] given by [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, in 2000 for his poetry collection ''Ham Jo Dekhte Hain''. Dabral's poetry has been translated in all major Indian languages, and a number of foreign languages, including English, [[Russian language|Russian]], [[German language|German]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]] and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]].<ref name=":0" /> He was the recipient of the World Writers Program fellowship at the [[University of Iowa]], in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2014|title=MANGLESH DABRAL|url=http://www.foundationsaarcwriters.com/literature/saarc-writers-intellectual/poets/india/139-manglesh-dabral-india|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205801/http://www.foundationsaarcwriters.com/literature/saarc-writers-intellectual/poets/india/139-manglesh-dabral-india|archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

He was a vocal critic of the Indian government, and his works reflected dissent. He returned his Sahitya Akademi Award in 2015 in a protest that saw many [[Indian writers protest against government silence on violence|Indian writers returning their awards]].<ref name=":0" /> His final work, ''Naye Yug Men Shatru'' ({{Translation|foes in the modern world}}), was considered a poetic commentary on the nation's current affairs.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=10 December 2020|first1=Avijit|last1=Ghosh|title=Noted Hindi poet Manglesh Dabral no more|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/noted-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-no-more/articleshow/79655852.cms|access-date=10 December 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210075903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/noted-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-no-more/articleshow/79655852.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dabral was considered among the foremost contemporary Hindi language poets.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 December 2016|title=Technology is erasing history. Only literature can counter that|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-on-aggressive-nationalism-returning-the-sahitya-akademi-award-4409218/|access-date=10 December 2020|work=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111201408/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-on-aggressive-nationalism-returning-the-sahitya-akademi-award-4409218/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was credited to having brought in a new sensibility to contemporary Hindi poetry, with the use of low key and precise language. Hindi poet [[Asad Zaidi]] noted that "he was not a showy poet, but in his understated fashion, he brought magic to Hindi poetry."<ref name=":0" /> His poetry described his longing for the hills, the idea of home and displacement, representing the places that he came from. Some of his works speak to the sensitivity and helplessness of a man trapped in the nowhere land between the city and his home, longing to go back to his home in the hills.<ref name=":1" /> His journalistic works gave a voice to the marginalised.<ref name=":1" /> Journalist [[Mrinal Pande]] said, "He was one of the most incisive minds in Hindi."<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life and death==
Dabral was married and had a daughter and a son. He died from [[COVID-19]] complications at [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|AIIMS New Delhi]] on 9 December 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. He was 72. Dabral was undergoing treatment in a private hospital in [[Ghaziabad]] for the few days before being admitted to AIIMS, where his condition deteriorated, suffering a [[cardiac arrest]].<ref name="Death">{{cite news |title=प्रसिद्ध लेखक और कवि मंगलेश डबराल का कार्डियक अरेस्ट की वजह से निधन |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/nation/famous-writer-and-poet-manglesh-dabral-dies-3370539.html |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=News18 India |date=9 December 2020 |language=hi |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210075916/https://hindi.news18.com/news/nation/famous-writer-and-poet-manglesh-dabral-dies-3370539.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Famous Hindi poet Manglesh Dabral dead|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-famous-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-dead-143378|work=[[Zee Business]]|date=9 December 2020|access-date=9 December 2020|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210075904/https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-famous-hindi-poet-manglesh-dabral-dead-143378|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Works==
Source(s):<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
===Poetry===
{{Div col}}
* ''Pahar Par Lalten''
* ''Ghar Ka Rasta''
* ''Ham Jo Dekhte Hain''
* ''Awaz Bhi Ek Jagah Hai''
* ''Naye Yug Men Shatru''
{{Div col end}}

===Prose===
{{Div col}}
* ''Lekhak Ki Roti''
* ''Kavi Ka Akelapan''
* ''Ek Bar Iowa''
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2#.UhPcI9KceQ0|title=मंगलेश डबराल|publisher=कविता कोश|access-date=20 August 2013|archive-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805173012/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2#.UhPcI9KceQ0|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.foundationsaarcwriters.com/literature/saarc-writers-intellectual/poets/india/139-manglesh-dabral-india |title=Manglesh Dabral |publisher=Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature |access-date=20 August 2013 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205801/http://www.foundationsaarcwriters.com/literature/saarc-writers-intellectual/poets/india/139-manglesh-dabral-india |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Vikram-Seth-Mahasweta-Devi-and-Manglesh-Dabral-are-popular-in-Pak-Fahmida-Riaz/articleshow/19169502.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327082537/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-24/india/37980848_1_mahasweta-devi-vikram-seth-indian-writers |url-status=live |archive-date=27 March 2013 |title=Vikram Seth, Mahasweta Devi and Manglesh Dabral are popular in Pak: Fahmida Riaz |date=24 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 August 2013}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dabral, Manglesh}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Garhwali people]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:People from Tehri Garhwal district]]

Bandanwara

2026-03-24T14:21:32Z

AyushAmar: Started a entry - done

{{short description|Istimrari in Ajmer}}
'''Badanwara''' was an [[istimrari]] in [[Ajmer]] that belonged to the [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] clan of [[Rajput]]s.

==Description==
The estate was located 14 miles south of [[Nasirabad, Ajmer|Nasirabad]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Herbert |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Mayo_College_the_Eton_of_India/-hYVyPVmrqkC |title=The Mayo College, "the Eton of India": A Record of Twenty Years, 1875-1895 |date=1897 |publisher=Thacker, Spink and Company |pages=192–193 |language=en}}</ref> It consisted of twenty-one villages.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=http://archive.org/details/chiefsleadingfam00csba |title=Chiefs and leading families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |pages=109}}</ref> It covered an area of 34,845 [[bigha]]s (approximately 21,603.90 [[acre]]s).<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
[[Mokal Singh]], the [[Maharana]] of Mewar, is said to have taken [[Ajmer]] and [[Sambhar Lake Town|Sambhar]] from the [[Sultan]] of [[Delhi]], and he granted the village of Badanwara for the maintenance of a [[temple]] of [[Eklingji]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.122657 |title=Ajmer: Historical And Descriptive |date=1941 |pages=149–150, 292–294}}</ref> [[Chandrasen Rathore|Chandra Sen]], an ancestor of the [[Rai (title)|Rao]] of Badanwara, succeeded his father, [[Maldeo Rathore|Maldeo]], as the [[Rai (title)|Rao]] of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhargava |first=Visheshwar Sarup |title=Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748) |year=1966 |pages=44}}</ref> He refused to acknowledge [[Akbar]]’s suzerainty and was ousted from [[Kingdom of Marwar|Jodhpur]] by his son [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Rajasthan/tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |pages=534 |language=en}}</ref> He attempted to recover [[Kingdom of Marwar|Jodhpur]] but failed, and thereafter resorted to pillaging in areas acquired by the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal armies]].<ref name=":3" /> A grandson of Karma Sen, through his son Ugar Sen (also known as Agar Sen), came to [[Ajmer]] and was received with a feast by a Bhil who held eighty-four villages, including [[Bhinai]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=BHINAI |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhinai.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713220623/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhinai.html |archive-date=2017-07-13 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> However, Karma Sen killed his host and took possession of his host’s property.<ref name=":2" /> [[Akbar]] later confirmed Karma Sen in this possession.<ref name=":2" />

The estate of [[Bhinai]] was partitioned several times, and in one generation from the founder of that estate came Udai Bhan.<ref name=":2" /> He granted three villages of the estate to his adopted son, Narsingh Das, for his maintenance.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=TANTOTI |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/t/tantoti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718130244/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/t/tantoti.html |archive-date=2017-07-18 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> After his demise, his biological sons, Kesri Singh and Suraj Mal, quarrelled, and the estate of [[Bhinai]] was partitioned.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Suraj Mal received ten villages in his appanage and subsequently founded Bandanwara in 1667.<ref name=":2" />

== Rulers ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Name
(Birth – Death)
! colspan="2" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Note(s)
! rowspan="2" |Reference
|-
!Start date
!End date
|-
|Suraj Mal I
|
|
|He went to [[Delhi]] and entered the service of [[Aurangzeb]] in 1659.<ref name=":2" /> He rendered valuable military service and was granted the mansab of 3,500 hazari along with an elephant.<ref name=":2" /> [[Aurangzeb]] had Suraj Mal's paternal estate of [[Bhinai]] partitioned between him and his brothers.<ref name=":2" /> [[Aurangzeb]] also granted him Ramsar and Srinagar as [[jagir]].<ref name=":2" /> These two were, however, later taken away by [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Jodhpur]], as the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of Bandanwara did not go in Peshwai.<ref name=":1" />
| rowspan="12" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=Royal |date=2021-08-25 |title=Badanwara (Istimrari) |url=https://oroyalarchives.com/badanwara/ |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=Royal Archives |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Amar Singh
|
|
|He retained Bandanwara, and his younger brothers received Padlan, Jaola, Kalyanpura, Jotayan, and Amargarh.<ref name=":2" /> Jaola reverted to Bandanwara when its [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]], Lakshman Singh, died without an heir.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Bahadur Singh
|
|
|
|-
|Akhay Singh
|
|
|
|-
|Abhay Singh
|
|
|
|-
|Pratap Singh
|
|
|
|-
|Suraj Mal II
|
|
|
|-
|Ranjit Singh
(? – 1894)
|
|1894
|His original name was Bharat Singh, and when he succeeded in Bandanwara by adoption from Kalyanpura to Suraj Mal II, he was renamed Ranjit Singh.<ref name=":1" /> He received the title of [[Rao (title)|Rao]] as a personal distinction in 1877 and served as an Honorary [[Magistrate]] and Munsif within the limits of his own estate.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|Gaj Singh
(1871 – 1916)
|1894
|1916
|Educated at [[Mayo College]] in [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":1" />
|-
|Rameshwar Singh
(1904 – 1935)
|1916
|1935
|Educated at [[Mayo College]] in [[Ajmer]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ajmer-Merwara (India) |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Report_on_the_Administration_of_Ajmer_Me/gBA7AQAAMAAJ |title=Report on the Administration of Ajmer-Merwara for |date=1918 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India. |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Chandra Singh
|1935
|1948
|
|-
|Harendra Singh
|
|
|
|}

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Principalities]]
[[Category:Former principalities]]
[[Category:Rathore (clan)]]
[[Category:History of Ajmer]]

Jakanachari Award

2026-03-24T03:39:58Z

AyushAmar: improved formatting to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Short description|Award for sculptors and craftsmen from Karnataka}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
The '''Jakanachari Award''' is a state award of [[Karnataka]] conferred on talented sculptors and craftsmen from the state. These awards are given away every year by the government of Karnataka to celebrate the contributions of the legendary sculptor [[Amarashilpi Jakanachari]].

== Awardees ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! S.No
! Name
! Birth / death
! Awarded
! Location
! Notes
|-
| 1.
| C. Parameshwara Acharya<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/01/01/stories/04012108.htm | title=Jakanachari Award for parameshwara Acharya | date=1 January 2000 | access-date=17 January 2016 | work=[[The Hindu]] | location=Bangalore}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| 1922 (b)
| 1999
| [[Karkala]]
|
|-
| 2.
| R. Kalachar<ref name="2004-deccan">{{cite news | url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb082004/artic1.asp | title=Reciting mantras to stones | date=8 February 2004 | agency=Deccan Herald | access-date=18 January 2016 | author=B M, Subbalakshmi }}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| 1943 (b)<ref name="2004-deccan" />
| 2003
| [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]
| Student of Nagendrachar (grandfather)<ref name="2004-deccan" /> from [[Ajjihalli, Davanagere|Ajjihalli]] of [[Channagiri]] taluk in [[Davanagere]]. Sculptures on stone, metal, gold, silver and wood.
|-
| 3.
| C. Siddalingaiah<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/number-of-rajyotsava-awards-to-be-limited/article3115777.ece | title=Number of Rajyotsava awards to be limited | date=6 June 2006 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 January 2016 | location=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
| 2005
|
|
|-
| 4.
| Bilikere Narayanachar Channappacharya<ref name="2006-hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/gs-amur-lalitha-naik-among-those-chosen-for-state-awards/article1816356.ece | title=G.S. Amur, Lalitha Naik among those chosen for State awards | date=27 March 2007 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 January 2016 | location=Bangalore}}</ref>
| 1936 (b)<ref name="2006-hindu" />
| 2006
| [[Mysuru]]
| From Bilikere village<ref>{{cite web | url=http://odysseyonapen.blogspot.in/2013/08/silver-cover-door-for-goddess.html | title=Silver cover door for Goddess Chamundeshwari | date=9 August 2013 | access-date=17 January 2016 | author=Ratna, K}}</ref> in Mysore district. He has sculpted several silver doors for various temples.
|-
| 5.
| Malloja Bheema Rao<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article36073.ece | title=Seven honoured | date=13 February 2009 | agency=Express News Service | access-date=17 January 2016 | location=Bangalore | archive-date=23 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223200204/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2009/feb/13/seven-honoured-25493.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
| 2007
| [[Bagalkot]]
|
|-
| 6.
| R. Veerabhadrachar<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/45372/F | title=State awards for art, culture | date=6 January 2010 | agency=DH News Service | access-date=17 January 2016 | location=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
| 2008
| [[Bengaluru]]
|
|-
| 7.
| K. C. Puttannachar<ref name="2009-10-hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/medha-patkar-chosen-for-basava-puraskar-2010/article2679637.ece | title=Medha Patkar chosen for Basava Puraskar 2010 | date=2 December 2011 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=17 January 2016 | location=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
| 2009
| [[Mysore]]
| Kirenalli village.
|-
| 8.
| Venkatachalapathy<ref name="2009-10-hindu" />
|
| 2010
| [[Bengaluru]]
|
|-
| 9.
| [[Kanaka Murthy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/kcit/Documents/60%20RandI%202013%20Varshika%20Varadhi%202012-13.pdf | title=Varshika Varadhi | publisher=Kannada and Culture, Information department | access-date=17 January 2016 | pages=10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329113311/http://www.karnataka.gov.in/kcit/Documents/60%20RandI%202013%20Varshika%20Varadhi%202012-13.pdf | archive-date=29 March 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
| 2011
| [[Bengaluru]]
| Lady sculptor. From small Karnataka town of T Narsipur.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-Chisel-and-Stone-of-Idol-Worship/2014/06/15/article2278352.ece | title=The Chisel and Stone of Idol Worship | date=15 June 2014 | agency=The New Indian Express | access-date=17 January 2016 | author=Vasudev, Chetana Divya | location=Bangalore | archive-date=23 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223200204/https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/jun/15/The-Chisel-and-Stone-of-Idol-Worship-624816.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Disciple of Devalankunda Vadiraj. Stone sculpture in styles: [[Hoysala]], [[Chola]] and [[Chalukya]].
|-
| 10.
| G. B. Hamsanandacharya<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/award-for-ananthamurthy/article5547594.ece | title=Award for Ananthamurthy | date=7 January 2014 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=17 January 2016 | location=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
| 2012
|
|
|-
| 11.
| Basanna Monappa Badiger<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Siddaramaiah-Presents-13-State-Cultural-Awards-to-Winners/2015/02/02/article2648744.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202192731/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Siddaramaiah-Presents-13-State-Cultural-Awards-to-Winners/2015/02/02/article2648744.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 February 2015 | title=Siddaramaiah Presents 13 State Cultural Awards to Winners | date=2 February 2015 | agency=Express News Service | access-date=17 January 2016 | location=Bengaluru}}</ref>
| 1942 (b)<ref name="badiger-hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/he-converts-a-wooden-log-into-a-piece-of-art/article1929839.ece | title=He converts a wooden log into a piece of art | date=14 October 2007 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=17 January 2016 | author=Sivanandan, T.V. | location=Gulbarga}}</ref>
| 2013
| [[Gulbarga]]
| Known for wood carving, particularly the Surpur form with [[neem]] tree logs which are known for their hardness.
|-
| 12.
| Mahadevappa Shilpi<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prajavani.net/article/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8 |title=ಅಭಿನವ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ | ಪ್ರಜಾವಾಣಿ |website=www.prajavani.net |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514211618/http://www.prajavani.net/article/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5-%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8 |archive-date=14 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
| 2014
| [[Gulbarga]]
|
|-
| 13.
| Shanmukappa Yarakad<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kannadamma.net/?p=125996|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160514213525/http://kannadamma.net/?p=125996|archive-date = 14 May 2016|title = ಯರಕದರಿಗೆ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ | Kannadamma}}</ref>
|
| 2015
| [[Ilkal]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian visual arts awards]]
[[Category:Karnataka-related lists]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1922]]

{{India-culture-stub}}
{{art-award-stub}}

Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli)

2026-03-20T02:58:02Z

AyushAmar: added the details basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox building
|name= Zafar Mahal
|image=Zafar Mahal, Mehrauli.jpg
|caption =Zafar Gate of Zafar Mahal
|pushpin_map = India
|coordinates = {{coord|28.5158|77.1775|region:IN-DL|display=inline}}
|location_town= [[Delhi]]
|location_country= [[India]]
|architect= [[Akbar Shah II]] and [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]]
|client= [[Mughal dynasty]]
|engineer=
|construction_start_date =
|completion_date= 19th century
|demolished_date= [[Ruins]]
|cost=
|structural_system=
|architectural_style = [[Mughal Architecture]]
|size=
}}
'''Zafar Mahal''', in [[Mehrauli]] village, in [[South Delhi]], India, is considered as the last monumental structure built as a summer palace during the fading years of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[era]]. The building has two components namely, the [[Mahal (palace)|Mahal]] or the palace, which was built first by [[Akbar Shah II]] in the 18th century, and the entrance gate that was reconstructed in the 19th century by [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]], popularly known as "Zafar" (the ''nom de plume'' of Bahadur Shah II) meaning ‘Victory’. It has a forlorn history because Bahadur Shah Zafar, who wished to be buried in the precincts of the Zafar Mahal (palace) and the famous [[Dargah]] of [[Khwaja]] [[Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]] in [[Mehrauli]], [[Delhi]], was deported by the [[United Kingdom|British]] to [[Rangoon]] after the failed [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Revolt of 1857]], where he died of old age.<ref name =tribune>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov07/sunday/head11.htm|title= Zafar Mahal: A forsaken monument|accessdate=2009-07-22|author= Abhilash Gaur|work=The Tribune|date=1999-11-07}}</ref><ref name=Arch>{{Cite book|title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood|author=Y.D.Sharma |pages=62–63|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=New Delhi|year=2001|url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780|archive-date=31 August 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831215230/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=dal>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3655677/A-dynasty-crushed-by-hatred.html|title= A dynasty crushed by hatred|accessdate=2009-07-22|publisher=Telegraph.co.uk|author= William Dalrymple|date=2006-10-01}}</ref> The monument today is in a neglected and ruined state, locals play cricket and gamble freely inside the protected monument. The 18th-century palace has been all but subsumed by unauthorised constructions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Alind|title=The ruin of Zafar Mahal: Mughal era's last holdout is now a den of drug addicts and gamblers|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/mughal-eras-last-holdout-is-now-a-den-of-drug-addicts-and-gamblers/92691/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=ThePrint|date=4 August 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-24|title=Amid encroachments and vandalism, 18th century Zafar Mahal in sorry state|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/amid-encroachments-and-vandalism-18th-century-zafar-mahal-in-sorry-state-2767644/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Zafar Mahal, is the ruined summer palace of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar II. The [[Moghul dynasty]], which started with the first [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Babur]] who conquered Delhi in 1526 AD ended after 332 years when on 7 October 1858 the last Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1837–1857) was tried for treason by the British and deported to Rangoon, [[Burma]], now [[Myanmar]] from the imperial city of Delhi. The irony of this history is also that he travelled in a bullock cart, with a group of British Lancers escorting him.<ref name=dal/>
[[File:Portrait_of_Bahadur_Shah_II_as_calligrapher._Delhi,_ca._1850,_Royal_Ontario_Museum,_Toronto._-_копия.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Last [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] of [[India]].]]
The graves in Mehrauli in the precincts of Zafar Mahal, built within a marble screen enclosure by [[Jahandar Shah]] for his father [[Bahadur Shah I]] and others who followed, is a minor reflection of the history of the place. [[Shah Alam II]] who had the misfortune of being blinded by Ghulam Qadir, the [[Rohilla]] leader was buried here. He was considered a "puppet ruler", first under the [[Marathas]] and later under the British. His son [[Akbar Shah II]] was also buried here. Mirza Fakruddin son of the last emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, who died early ushered the end of the Moghul regime, was also buried here. But Bahadur Shah Zafar who had identified the location for his grave (''sardgha'' – the vacant land for burial) was the most unfortunate (ill-fated) as he was deported to Rangoon and was buried there.<ref name=Lucy>{{Cite book|title=Delhi - A thousand years of Building|author=Lucy Peck|page=225|publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd.|location=New Delhi|year=2005|isbn=81-7436-354-8|url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm|accessdate=|archive-date=12 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The exiled emperor died in November 1862. He was buried with great urgency in the night itself with "lantern light" in presence of his few family members under the direction of a British officer. The grave was initially unmarked but later a [[stele|Tablet]] was erected at the location but only in the 20th century. His [[Mazar (mausoleum)|mazar]] (grave) has at last become a [[shrine]] and the local [[Burma|Burmese]] and also visitors from [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] consider him a [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] (saint). It is also said that the nationalist leader of India, founder of the [[Indian National Army]], [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] took a formal oath at this grave to free India from foreign rule.<ref name=smith>{{Cite book|author= Ronald Vivian Smith|title= The Delhi that no-one knows |chapter=Zafar Mahal and Sardgha|pages=14–15|accessdate=2009-07-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f70gjLC5chgC&dq=Zafar+Mahal&pg=PA14
|publisher= Orient Blackswan|year=2005|isbn= 978-81-8028-020-7}}</ref>

==Structure==
[[File:Dalan and semi-enclosed room over Naubat Khana of Zafar Mahal.jpg|thumb|left|Multichambered ''dalan'' with a terrace]]
[[File:Zafar Mahal (Q8064241)- Mehrauli -Delhi -N-DL-91 n.jpg|thumb|Ruins of the palace with the three white domes of Moti Masjid and [[Dargah]] of [[Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]] (left) in the background]]
[[File:Zafar Mahal (Q8064241)- Mehrauli -Delhi -N-DL-91 c.jpg|thumb|Inside the Hathi Gate of Zafar Mahal]]
The palace, located at about {{convert|300|ft|m|0}} to the west of Ajmeri Gate of the dargah of Khwaja Kaki has an imposing gate. It was built in 1842 by Akbar Shah II. Built as a three-storied structure in red sandstone embellished with marble, it is around {{convert|50|ft|m|0|}} wide with a gate opening called the Hathi gate (built to allow full decorated elephants with the [[howdah]] to pass through) is of {{convert|11.75|ft|m|0|}} opening at the entrance. An inscription on the main arch credits building of the gate (as an entry gate to the existing Mahal) by Bahadur Shah II in the eleventh year of his accession as Emperor in 1847-48 AD. A broad [[Chhajja]] (cantilevered projection) built in the [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] style is a striking feature of the arch. At the entrance gate, the logo has small projecting windows flanked by curved and covered [[Bengal]]i [[domes]].<ref name =tribune/><ref name=Arch/><ref name=indify>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indfy.com/places-to-see-in-delhi/south-delhi/hathi-gate.html|title= Hathi Gate and Zafar Mahal|accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref> On both sides of the arch, two ornate medallions in the form of large lotuses have been provided.<ref name=moti>{{Cite web|url=http://www.igougo.com/story-s1359110-Delhi-Zafar_Mahal_and_Moti_Masjid_From_Many_Bygone_Eras.html|title= Zafar Mahal and Moti Masjid: From Many Bygone Eras...|accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref> The gateway also depicts a classic tripolia or three-arch opening into the ''baaraadaree'' or 12 opening structure, which fully draws the breeze. In the top floor of the palace, there is multi chambered ''dalan'' (arcade room with one open side overlooking a courtyard), which has terrace on the palace side and with a view of the entrance at the other end.

[[File:Moti Masjid, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Moti Masjid (Mehrauli)|Moti Masjid, Mehrauli]], built by [[Bahadur Shah I]].]]
A [[mosque]] called the [[Moti Masjid (Mehrauli)|Moti Masjid]] (pearl mosque), built by Bahadur Shah I (d.1712), was a private mosque of the royal family, which has now been subsumed within the palace precincts. The mosque is a small and unique three-domed structure made of white marble. Its construction is also credited to Bahadur Shah. The austere mosque has the [[mihrab]] on the west direction of prayer but is unusually not embellished, except for little border of floral carving on the south at the top edge of a [[dado (architecture)|dado]].<ref name=Lucy/><ref name=moti/>

The Chhatta Chawk or vaulted arcade design of the Lahore gate at the [[Red Fort]] in Delhi has provided the basic design that was replicated for the Zafar gate. It is a large covered passage (arcade) with arched apartments on either side. The arcade, which has rooms within its enclosures, located just after the entrance of the gate, is two directional; one runs towards south, and the other is to the east. The palace, situated a few steps down the arcade, is now in a dilapidated condition. Its restoration is limited by the inadequate documents to deduce the original construction details. The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] document titled "List of Mohammedan and Hindu Monuments" of March 1920 provides only sketchy details.<ref name =tribune/><ref name=indify/><ref name=moti/>
[[File:A decaying pillar inside Zafar Mahal, Mehrauli, Delhi, India (2016).jpg|thumb|A decaying pillar inside Zafar Mahal]]
[[File:Zafar Mahal (Q8064241)- Mehrauli -Delhi -N-DL-91 f.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Zafar Mahal]]

Every year Bahadur Shah Zafar used to visit this palace for hunting during the monsoon season. Also, every year, he was honoured at this palace during the [[Phool Walon Ki Sair]] (procession of the "Flower Sellers") festival held in February/March.<ref>{{Cite book|author= Patrick Horton|author2=Richard Plunkett |author3=Hugh Finlay |title= Delhi |chapter=Zafar Mahal|pages=127–128|accessdate=2009-07-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee1HTcplZS0C&dq=Map+of+Zafar+Mahal&pg=PA127|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2002|isbn= 978-1-86450-297-8}}</ref>

== Demolished or illegally occupied structures ==
Zafar Mahal used to be a huge palace. It consisted of many other structures which are no longer present or occupied by local residents.<ref name="Paliwal">{{Cite web|last=Paliwal|first=Amita|title=Zafar Mahal: A history of the Late Mughal Monument|url=https://www.academia.edu/16598808|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-14|title=South Delhi: Urban sprawl robs Mehrauli's charm|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/south-delhi-urban-sprawl-robs-mehrauli-s-charm/story-hjtvYv74Tduf88lT7Ll6VJ.html|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Some of these structures include:
* '''Diwan-e-Khaas of Bahadur Shah Zafar''': It was situated 30 yards North-West of Zafar Palace or Hathi Gate. It consisted of ground floor and first floor. The eastern side on the ground floor consisted of row of arches. One could reach to the first floor by the staircase made of red sand stone, which was provided on the northern side. The ground floor inside consisted of a courtyard measuring 39 feet, surrounded by arched portico.<ref name="Monuments of Delhi: Delhi Zail">{{Cite book|last1=Hasan|first1=Maulvi Zafar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOQ2AQAAMAAJ|title=Monuments of Delhi: Delhi Zail|last2=Page|first2=James Alfred|date=1997|publisher=Aryan Books International|isbn=978-81-7305-112-8|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Paliwal"/>
*'''House of Mirza Babur''': It was built during the reign of [[Akbar II]]. [[Mirza Babur]] was the son of [[Akbar II]].The house consisted of a court in its centre and seven bay verandas which is one bay deep, while the southern side gateway housed stable. The northern side of the house was marked by the presence of a Mughal [[Mosque]].<ref name="Paliwal"/> Some parts of this house are still present today located behind Zafar Mahal, it can be reached through a maze of tiny lanes. Called “Babur Mahal“ by the locals, it houses over a dozen families now. The foliated arches and floral patterns are still visible in the building. Each room in the original house has become individual dwellings for families and each family has modified the space according to its requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Richi Verma|date=Sep 3, 2015|title=Last Mughal king's summer palace fights losing battle against squatters {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/last-mughal-kings-summer-palace-fights-losing-battle-against-squatters/articleshow/48782093.cms|access-date=2021-05-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
*'''Baoli of Aurangzeb:''' Situated to the west of Zafar Mahal, it was built by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in imitation of the well at Gandhak ki Baoli and [[Rajon Ki Baoli]]. It measured 130 feet by 36 feet while the well was 30 feet in diameter, it contained 74 steps and was built in three stage. The area of the [[Baoli]] is now an uphill road with rows of homes, shops and warehouses on each side.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aneja|first=Supreet|date=2018-06-23|title=Delhi: Aurangzeb ki Baoli lost in the sands of time|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-delhi-aurangzeb-ki-baoli-lost-in-the-sands-of-time-2628211|access-date=2021-05-13|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>
*'''House of Mirza Nili''': Mirza Nili was a relative of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]. His house was situated some 10 yards to the south of Aurangzeb's baoli. It had an arched entrance from the market side, the western and northern side of the courts had verandas built in the modern style.<ref name="Monuments of Delhi: Delhi Zail"/>
*'''Thana of Bahadur Shah Zafar:''' The site was located 50 yards south to the house of Mirza Nili. In 1920, Archaeologist and Historian Maulvi Zafar Hasan found it in the ruined condition and mentions only few arches.<ref name="Paliwal"/>
*'''House of Mirza Salim:''' It was situated some 50 yards north to Zafar Mahal .(Recently one cannot find any traces of it as the modern houses are constructed here). Some person named Kallan occupied this place in the beginning of twentieth century. It was built during the period of Akbar Shah II. This was double storied house and was built in late Mughal style. The south eastern red sand stone gateway gave access to the forecourt of Zafar Mahal. [[Mirza Salim]] was the son of [[Akbar II]] and brother of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]].<ref name="Paliwal"/>
*'''Khwas Pura:''' These were the quarters for the maid servants of the royal palace. It consisted of an inner court measuring 48 feet from north to south while 34 feet 8 inches from east to west, with a verandah on all the four sides. According to archaeologist Maulvi Zafar Hasan, in the beginning of the twentieth century this place was owned by a person named Ahmed Hasan and water carriers were living in these quarters.<ref name="Paliwal"/>

== Conservation ==
[[File:Zafar Mahal remains.jpg|thumb|right| [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tuqhlaq]] era dome in Zafar Mahal.]]
It was declared a protected monument in 1920 under the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904, but is now encroached with new structures built on parts of its southern and eastern walls.<ref name =tribune/> The [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] (INTACH) has also listed this monument as a conservation area.<ref name=usurp>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/17/stories/2002121706710400.htm|title=Concrete jungle threatens to 'usurp' Moghul monument|accessdate=2009-07-22|author=Mandira Nayar|work=The Hindu|date=2002-12-17|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051341/http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/17/stories/2002121706710400.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a part conservation activity of heritage monuments, the Archaeological Survey of India ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]]) in 2009 proposed to set up the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Museum]] in this palace with the intention of encouraging visitors and also to ensure removal of extensive encroachments (see photo in gallery below) that have taken place in the precincts of the old palace. ASI considers that the museum would be a tribute to the legendary last Mughal emperor Zafar who was known more for his poetry than his administrative achievements.<ref name =asi>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india-server.com/news/asi-to-build-mughal-museum-at-zafar-4498.html|title=ASI To Build Mughal Museum At Zafar Mahal|accessdate=2009-07-22|archive-date=1 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101060917/http://www.india-server.com/news/asi-to-build-mughal-museum-at-zafar-4498.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> But until today, no work has taken place to set up a museum or to remove the surrounding illegal encroachment.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Alind|date=2018-08-04|title=The ruin of Zafar Mahal: Mughal era's last holdout is now a den of drug addicts and gamblers|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/mughal-eras-last-holdout-is-now-a-den-of-drug-addicts-and-gamblers/92691/|access-date=2021-05-15|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> Despite being under the label of a "protected monument" by [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]], vandalism and encroachment incidents have become common due to the negligence of authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=Vandalism at Delhi’s Mughal mausoleums sparks outrage |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1796841 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=A. O. L. Staff |date=2023-12-13 |title=This monument stood for hundreds of years before vandals smashed it. Historians say it must never happen again |url=https://www.aol.com/monument-stood-hundreds-years-vandals-023626346.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.aol.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Poetic pathos ==
Bahadaur Shah Zafar who was known as the poet-king wished to be buried next to graves of his predecessors [[Bahadur Shah I]] (1701–1712), [[Shah Alam II]] (1759–1806), Akbar Shah II (1806–37) and their families at ''sardgah''<ref name =sardgah>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monumentsofdelhi.com/Monuments/Zafar_Mahal#Bahadur_Shah_Zafars_Last_Wish|title=Sardgah and Zafar's Last Wish|accessdate=2011-09-04|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306104841/http://www.monumentsofdelhi.com/Monuments/Zafar_Mahal#Bahadur_Shah_Zafars_Last_Wish|url-status=dead}}</ref> or grave in the marble enclosure adjoining the [[dargah]] of the 13th century Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki in the Zafar Mahal precincts. He had special attachment to this place in Mehrauli, particularly with the tomb of Qutb Kaki, the [[Sufi]] [[saint]] of the [[Chisti]] order as he was his [[mureed]] (disciple).<ref name=smith/><ref name=sufi>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/retreating-into-the-sufis-shadow/380348/0|title= Retreating into the Sufi's shadow|accessdate=2009-07-22|author= Alokparna Das|publisher=Indian Express|date=2008-11-02}}</ref>
[[File:The spot where Zafar wanted to be buried - Do Gaz Zameen.jpg|thumb|The spot where Bahadur Shah Zafar wanted to be buried]]
After he had been deported, while in [[Rangoon]] (now called [[Yangon]]) prison, Bahadaur Shah Zafar penned his couplet known by the title "do gaz zameen" meaning two yards of land, lamenting for his fate of not finding a place for his burial (at his chosen place of burial) in his home country. The couplet reads in [[Urdu language]] as:<ref name=usurp/><ref name=sufi/> 
<poem>
Kitna hai badnaseeb Zafar
Dafn ke liye
Do gaz zameen bhi
Mil na saki kuye yaar mein
</poem>

English translation: <blockquote>
How unlucky is Zafar! For burial, even two yards of land were not to be had in the land of his beloved.</blockquote>

Just before he died, he wrote some more [[ghazals]] (couplets), which are touching for the pathos they convey.<ref name=smith/>

It is now, therefore, probably an appropriate time that a suitable memorial is erected at the vacant burial place he had chosen in the precincts of Zafar Mahal.<ref name=smith/>

==Access==
[[Mehrauli]] village in South Delhi is well connected by a good road net work and it is also part of the [[Qutb complex]], which is a favourite visitors destination. [[New Delhi]] [[International Airport]] is {{convert|17|km|mi|0|}} from Mehrauli. The nearest rail head is [[New Delhi Railway Station]], which is {{convert|18|km|mi|0|}} by road. But within Mehrauli, finding Zafar Mahal in the labyrinth of narrow streets of the village needs direction and landmarks. The tomb of [[Adham Khan]] is a much visited place and from here after crossing the main road and walking through a narrow lane reach Hazrat Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Khaki's shrine (a popular [[Muslim]] pilgrimage centre). From this shrine, walking barefoot after passing through twisting lanes reach Moti Masjid and the Zafar Mahal complex. The small marble enclosure on the right of the mosque houses the graves of some of the Mughal emperors and also the vacant grave of Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.<ref name=smith/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>

File:Zafar mahal 4.jpg|A domed pavilion in the courtyard of Zafar Mahal

File:Zafar Mahal ruins.jpg|Ruins of the Palace
File:Dalan over Naubat Khana at Zafar Mahal.jpg|Dalan over [[Naubat Khana]] of ruined palace
Zafar_Mahal_Naubat_Khana.jpg|Zafar Mahal, Naubat Khana showing the surrounding encroachment
File:Zafar mahal 1.jpg|Inside Zafar Mahal
File:Sunset at Zafar Mahal (Lal Mahal), Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|Sunset at Zafar Mahal
File:N-DL-91 Zafar Mahal (5).jpg|Inside the Hathi Gate of Zafar Mahal
File:Zafar Mahal (Q8064241)- Mehrauli -Delhi -N-DL-91 e.jpg|Ruins of Zafar Mahal
File:Zafar Mahal (Q8064241)- Mehrauli -Delhi -N-DL-91 q.jpg|Dalan over [[Naubat Khana]] of Zafar Mahal
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli)}}

{{Delhi|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Mehrauli]]
[[Category:Mughal palaces]]
[[Category:Palaces in Delhi]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Delhi]]

Nalbari Medical College and Hospital

2026-03-18T12:08:24Z

AyushAmar: new initial info w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian medical college}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Nalbari Medical College and Hospital
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|2023}}
| type = Medical college
| caption = NMCH
| motto =
| motto_lang = [[Sanskrit]]
| mottoeng =
| image = Nalbari Medical College and Hospital.jpg
| city = Dakhingaon, [[Nalbari]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| country = [[India]]
| principal = Dr. Babul Kumar Bezbaruah <ref>{{Cite web|url= https://nalbarimch.assam.gov.in/department-highlights-level-three/principal-desk/administration/college|title= Principal Desk | Nalbari Medical College & Hospital | Government of Assam, India}}</ref>
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad = 100
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| campus = Sub Urban
| postcode =
| coordinates = {{coord| 26.4130|91.5118|display=title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| affiliations = [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]] [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
| free_label2 =
| free2 =
| colors = 
| athletics =
| sports =
| athletics_nickname = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| mascot = 
| sports_free_label =
| sports_free =
| sports_free_label2 =
| sports_free2 =
| website = {{URL|https://nalbarimch.assam.gov.in/}}
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nalbari Medical College and Hospital''' is an Indian medical college with an attached hospital located in [[Nalbari]], [[Assam]],<ref name="NMC" >{{Cite web|url= http://nalbarimcassam.org/
|title= Nalbari Medical College |date=|website=Nalbari Medical College|language=en|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> that opened in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/academic-activities-at-nagaon-nalbari-kokrajhar-medical-colleges-from-october-506739-2023-02-02|title= Academic activities at Nagaon, Nalbari, Kokrajhar medical colleges from October|date=2 February 2023|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>

== Background ==
The college operates under the State Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Assam. It is recognised by [[National Medical Commission]] and affiliated with [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]], [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/nalbari-medical-college-gets-nmc-approval-641302 |title= Nalbari Medical College gets NMC approval |date=15 March 2023|website=News Live|language=en|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> The college had an intact capacity of 100 undergraduate students in the academic year 2021–22.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/nmc-approves-100-mbbs-seats-for-nalbari-medical-college
|title= NMC Approves 100 MBBS Seats for Nalbari Medical College
|date=|website=Pratidin Times|language=en|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>

On 14 April 2023, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] inaugurated the college and Hospital, along with [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati]] and two other medical colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-dedicates-northeasts-1st-aiims-3-new-medical-colleges-in-assam-3947632
|title= PM Modi Dedicates Northeast's 1st AIIMS, 3 New Medical Colleges In Assam
|date=|website=NDTV|language=en|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Affiliates of Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Assam]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Assam]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Assam]]

{{Assam-university-stub}}
{{India-hospital-stub}}

T. R. Baalu

2026-03-17T06:53:39Z

AyushAmar: small corrected structure for accuracy and corrected details

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1941)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Tamil name|Thalikkottai Rajuthevar|Baalu}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = T R Baalu at his Book Release 2024.jpg
| caption = Baalu at the launch of his book compiling his parliamentary speeches "''My Voice for the Voiceless!''" in 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1941|12|13}} (15 June 1941 as per official records)
| birth_place = [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Thalikottai]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| residence = {{ubl|[[New Delhi|10, Raisina Road, New Delhi]]|29, Raman Street, [[Thyagaraya Nagar|T Nagar]], [[Chennai]]}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Minister of Road Transport and Highways|Union Minister of Road Transport, Highways and Shipping]]
| primeminister1 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term1 = 22 May 2004 — 23 May 2009
| constituency1 = [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South, Tamil Nadu]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Union Minister of Environment and Forests]]
| primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term2 = 13 October 1999 — 21 December 2003
| constituency2 = [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South, Tamil Nadu]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Union Minister of State for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Non-Conventional Energy Sources]]
| term3 = 6 July 1996 — 19 March 1998
| primeminister3 = {{bulletedlist|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]|[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]}}
| office4 = [[Leader]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] in [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 24 May 2019
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 23 May 2019
| term_end5 =
| predecessor5 = K. N. Ramachandran
| successor5 =
| term6 = 16 May 2009 — 16 May 2014
| predecessor6 = A. Krishnaswamy
| successor6 = K. N. Ramachandran
| constituency6 = [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start7 = 10 May 1996
| term_end7 = 16 May 2009
| predecessor7 = R. Sridharan
| successor7 = C. Rajendran
| constituency7 = [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South, Tamil Nadu]]
| office8 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term8 = 30 June 1986 — 29 June 1992
| constituency8 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Renuka Devi Baalu|September 10, 1970|August 19, 2025|end=died}}|{{marriage|Porkkodi TRB|October 19, 1970}}}}
| children = 5 (including [[T. R. B. Rajaa]])<ref name="about"/>
| website = {{official website|www.trbaalu.in}}
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=26&lastls=17
| office = [[Treasurer]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| constituency5 = [[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu]]
| order =
| termstart = 9 September 2020
| president = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| 1blankname = General Secretary
| 1namedata = [[Durai Murugan]]
| office9 = [[Secretary|Principal Secretary]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term9 = August 2018 {{endash}} January 2020
| president9 = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| birth_name = T R Balasubramaniam (Ilamurugu Rasuthevar)
}}
'''Thalikkottai Rajuthevar Baalu''' (born 13 December 1941) is an Indian politician. He is currently the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP of Lok Sabha]] of the [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur constituency]], elected seven times since 1996 from [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] and [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]. He is a leader of the DMK party and is known for his political loyalty, having been in the party since 1957. He is now the [[Treasurer]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], elected unopposed on 3 September 2020. He earlier served as the Principal Secretary of the DMK Party from August 2018 to January 2020.

== Political career ==
Thalikottai Raju Baalu is a prominent leader in the DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) Party. Baalu was born on 13 December 1941 (his official DOB remains as 15 June due to confusion at the time of his birth) to Rajuthevar and Vadivambal at Thalikottai in Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu. He studied B.Sc. in [[New College, Chennai|New College]] ([[Madras University]]) and his diploma in drafting engineering drawings from the Central Polytechnic College, Chennai. Baalu's political career started at a very early age of sixteen when he joined the DMK party after being amused at a speech given by the late DMK Supremo [[M. Karunanidhi|Kalaignar]] in 1957. He was active in grass-root politics and made friends with his then neighbouring ward's youth wing personnel [[M. K. Stalin|Stalin]], who did not act like a big shot even though he was the son of the then [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|Party]] President and [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] Dr. [[M. Karunanidhi|Kalaignar Mu. Karunanidhi]]. Baalu later became the Party's Secretary for the bastion [[Chennai district|Chennai unit]] (Unsplit) in 1982.<ref name="about"/><ref name="RC">[[#R.C.|RC]], p. 465</ref>

Baalu was first elected to Parliament as a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1986, marking the first electoral defeat of AIADMK since [[MGR]] came to power.

He then became a member of the Lok Sabha in 1996 from [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]] and became a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas under [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Devegowda]]. Towards the end of his tenure, he also held additional charge of the then Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (now called the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). Baalu was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1998, 1999 and 2004 from the same constituency and again in 2009, 2019 and 2024 from the [[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Thiruperumbudur]] constituency, losing power once in 2014 contesting from [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]. Baalu served as Cabinet Minister of Environment and Forests from 1999 to December 2003 and as Minister of Shipping and Road Transport and Highways from 2004 to 2009 in the union cabinet.<ref name="about" />

T.R. Baalu is now the Leader of DMK Parliamentary Party in Lok Sabha and He also held the charge as Chairman of the Department Related Standing Committee of Parliament of the Ministry of Railways. In addition, Baalu was a member of several parliamentary committees like Ethics Committee, House Committee and Consultative Committee of Ministry of Finance. He is also a Member of International World Affairs Council (IWAC).<ref name="about" />

In his political career Baalu went to jail over 20 times for participating in demonstrations and agitations for public cause. He came to political limelight when he was jailed for one year under MISA along with DMK supremos [[M. K. Stalin|Stalin]], [[Murasoli Maran|Maran]] and Dravidar Kazhagam leader [[K. Veeramani]] in 1976 for protesting against Emergency clamped in the country. He protested strongly against the midnight arrest and imprisonment of his party leader [[Karunanidhi]] on 30 June 2001.<ref name="about"/> At that time, he was the union [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]. And it was the first time, a Cabinet Minister to be arrested by a [[Tamil Nadu Police|State's Police Force]].{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}

== Personal life ==
Baalu was married to his long-term love Renuka Devi (died 2025) and later to his niece Porkkodi, and has three sons and two daughters.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 June 2009 |title=The Wives & Wherefores |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/the-wives-wherefores-news-240630 |accessdate=10 November 2013 |work=The Outlook |location=New Delhi}}</ref> His second son [[T R B Rajaa]] (Renuka) is considered to be his political successor, having won 3 consecutive [[Tamil Nadu Assembly]] elections from their native constituency [[Mannargudi]] and now holds high offices both in the party (as [https://dmkitwing.in/ DMK IT Wing] Secretary) and the [[Tamil Nadu Government]] (as [[Department of Industries (Tamil Nadu)|Industries, IP and Commerce]] Minister), while his other 2 sons Selvakumaar (Ren.), Rajkumar (Por.) and the eldest daughter Devi Kanchana (Por.) take care of the businesses and institution, while the younger Manonmani (Por.) previously worked as a reporter-journalist in Tamil news channels.

Baalu's first wife Renuka Devi died on the 19th of August 2025 due to age-related ailments at the age of 79 with her husband, 2 sons and their family by her side.

==Elections contested and positions held==
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2"|Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
| {{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=9}}
| 758,611
| 52.63
| G. Premkumar
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| 271,582
| 18.84
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 487,029
| 33.79
|-
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| 793,281
| 56.53
| A. Vaithilingam
| {{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
| 285,326
| 20.33
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 507,955
| 36.2
|-
! [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]]
| 366,188
| 36.62
| [[K. Parasuraman]]
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| 510,307
| 51.03
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -144,119
| -14.41
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
| 352,641
| 44.44
| [[A. K. Moorthy]]
| {{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
| 327,605
| 41.28
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 25,036
| 3.16
|-
! [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="5"|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]]
| 564,578
| 60.41
| Bader Sayeed
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| 343,838
| 36.79
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 220,740
| 23.62
|-
! [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| 562,221
| 60.03
| [[V. Dhandayuthapani]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 322,037
| 34.39
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 240,184
| 25.64
|-
! [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 432,913
| 48.17
| [[Jana Krishnamurthi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 412,899
| 45.94
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 20,014
| 2.23
|-
! [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 538,697
| 61.97
| H. Ganesham
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
| 199,516
| 22.95
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 339,181
| 39.02
|-
! [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 255,965
| 34.66
| R. Sridharan
| 418,493
| 56.66
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -162,528
| -22
|-
|}

* '''1986–1992''' : was elected as a Member, Rajya Sabha. This is considered to be Former TN CM Dr.[[MGR]]'s first electoral defeat.
* '''1996''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Eleventh) for the 1st time
* '''1996'''-'''1998''': [[Minister of State]], Petroleum, Natural Gas and Non-Conventional Energy Sources
* '''1998''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Twelfth) for the second time
* '''1999''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Thirteenth) for the third time
* '''1999'''-'''2003''': [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Natural environment|Environment]] and [[Forests]]
* '''2004''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Fourteenth) for the fourth time from Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)
* '''2004'''-'''2009''': [[Cabinet minister]] for Shipping, [[Road Transport]] & [[Highways]].
* '''2009''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Fifteenth) for the fifth time from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]<ref name="about">{{cite web|title=Political Career|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13TN03.htm|publisher=National Informatics Centre|work=Parliament of India|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* '''2019''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Seventeenth) for the sixth time from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
* '''2024''': Elected to Lok Sabha (Eighteenth) for the seventh time from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]

==As a member of parliament and minister==
[[File:Shri T. R. Baalu assumes the charge of Union Minister for Shipping, Road Transport and Highways in New Delhi on May 26, 2004.jpg|thumb|T. R. Baalu assumes the charge of Union Minister for Shipping, Road Transport and Highways in New Delhi on 26 May 2004]]
Baalu is one of the prominent leaders to work towards the implementation of [[Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project]]. He was handling it during his tenure as the minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.<ref>[[#Gaur|Gaur]], p. 171</ref> The project proposes linking the [[Palk Bay]] and the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka by creating a shipping canal through the shallow sea sometimes called [[Setu Samudram]], and through the chain of islands variously known as [[Ram Sethu]] or the Adam's Bridge. A few organisations are opposing the dredging of Ramasethu on religious, environmental and economical grounds. Many of these parties and organisations support implementation of this project using one of the five alternative alignments considered earlier without damaging the structure considered sacred by Hindus.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alternative routes for Sethusamudram|url=http://www.nation.lk/2007/04/22/lankan.jpg|work=The Nation|date=22 April 2007|accessdate=26 June 2012|archive-date=3 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303100612/http://www.nation.lk/2007/04/22/lankan.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> During 2006, the Supreme Court Baalu quashed a case requesting a ban on the project and issues notices to Baalu and the environment ministry.<ref>[[#Gaur|Gaur 2006]], p. 198</ref> With 22 km of dredging remaining, the project is held from March 2010 by a [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] order seeking the [[Government of India|Central Government]] to clarify the status of the bridge as a national monument.<ref>{{cite news|work=IBN Live|title=Complete Sethusamudram project at earliest: DMK |date=30 March 2012|accessdate=7 August 2012|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/complete-sethusamudram-project-at-earliest-dmk/243974-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330223326/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/complete-sethusamudram-project-at-earliest-dmk/243974-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2012}}</ref> He was recruited as a minister in 2009 during the second term on UPA coalition government as it was reported that the Prime Minister was unhappy with Baalu over the corruption charges in Sethusamudram project. But he continued as the head of the DMK parliamentary party and also part of various central committees.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Corner|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?282764|newspaper=Outlook|location=Chennai|last=Iyengar|first=Pushpa|accessdate=30 November 2013|date=26 October 2012}}</ref>

DMK pulled out of the ruling UPA on 20 March 2013 following widespread protests in Tamil Nadu against the central government for not taking up the concerns of Tamils in Sri Lanka in the UN resolution against the alleged human rights violation against Tamils by Sri Lankan government.<ref name="SL">{{cite news|title=Alagiri snubs dad's confidant|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-21/india/37902386_1_madurai-strongman-chemicals-and-fertilizers-minister-dmk-s-alagiri|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203052651/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-21/india/37902386_1_madurai-strongman-chemicals-and-fertilizers-minister-dmk-s-alagiri|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|last=Ghildiyal|first=Subodh|accessdate=10 November 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="sorry">{{cite news|title=Sorry chapter of M K Alagiri performance as Union minister|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sorry-chapter-of-m-k-alagiri-performance-as-union-minister/1093032/|work=The Indian Express|last=C.|first=Raja Mohan|date=25 March 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Baalu, the head of MPs from the DMK party, to tender resignation in the Prime minister's office and to hand over the letter of withdrawal to the [[President of India|President]] on 20 March 2013.<ref name="SL"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Srikant Jena Gets Alagiri's Chemicals-Fertilizers Portfolio|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=793107|work=The Outlook|date=20 March 2013|location=New Delhi|accessdate=10 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301014930/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=793107|archive-date=1 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pullout snub miffs Alagiri|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130321/jsp/nation/story_16698584.jsp#.UobKHflJMxU|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131116014347/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130321/jsp/nation/story_16698584.jsp%23.UobKHflJMxU|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 November 2013|work=The Telegraph|location=Chennai, India|last=G.C.|first=Shekhar|date=20 March 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>

On the [[Joint parliamentary committee]] constituted to examine the [[2G case]], Baalu was the only representative from the DMK in the committee and he, along with other opposition members, snubbed the report as "half boiled" as the draft report gave a clean chit to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Finance Minister P Chidambaram, while implicating the DMK minister A. Raja.<ref>{{cite news|title=Open to amending Joint Parliamentary Committee draft report on 2G scam if convinced, says Chacko|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/open-to-amending-jpc-draft-report-2g-scam-if-convinced-pc-chacko-india-today-160214-2013-04-24|location=New Delhi|work=India Today|date=20 March 2013|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2G scam: DMK MP T R Baalu gives dissent note|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/2g-scam-dmk-mp-t-r-baalu-dissent-note--29049.html|work=India TV News|date=9 October 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 20em
| refs =
}}

==External links==
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=26&lastls=17 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
*{{Official website|http://www.trbaalu.in}}
* {{cite book|title=Portraits of India's Parliamentarians for the New Millennium: Lok Sabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnP1rW35OsEC&q=tr+baalu&pg=PA465|last=R.C.|first=Rajamani|year = 2000|ref=Gyan Books|isbn=9788121207027}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party in the [[15th Lok Sabha]]|years=2009–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-end}}

{{12th LS members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{15th LS members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baalu, T R}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian amateur radio people]]
[[Category:Union ministers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:2G spectrum case]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

St. Francis Xavier Church, Mangaluru

2026-03-15T15:23:51Z

AyushAmar: added first details initial version

{{Short description|Roman Catholic Church in Mangaluru, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

[[File:St. Fancis Xavier Church Bejai 1.jpg|thumb|Bejai Church]]
'''St. Francis Xavier Church''', commonly referred to as '''Bejai Church''', is a historic Roman [[Catholic Church]] situated in the [[Bejai]] locality of [[Mangaluru]]. The church was built in 1869 on a plot of land measuring 5.37 acres at Bejai, which was obtained from the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British government]] on 21 November 1869. The original structure was a chapel from which [[Mass (liturgy)#Time of celebration of Mass|Sunday masses]] were offered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bejaichurch.com/index.php?action=aboutus |title=St Francis Xavier Church – Bejai |publisher=Bejaichurch.com |accessdate=19 January 2012}}</ref>

==History==
The area of Bejai was covered by the Cathedral parish for around two centuries. The construction of the chapel in Bejai was organised to reduce the inconvenience to [[Mangalorean Catholic]] residents of that area, who otherwise would have to travel a large distance to attend Mass. Sunday masses were offered by priests from the cathedral.

On 22 March 1912, the chapel was provided with a resident chaplain, Fr. Sebastian Noronha, by Bishop Paul Perini [[Society of Jesus|S. J.]] Fr. Sebastian undertook the effort to establish a primary school for Mangalorean Catholic youth, namely the St. Francis Xavier School for Boys and Lourdes Girls School, in the year 1915. He was succeeded by Fr. Joseph Peter Fernandes, who built a portion of the [[Presbytery (residence)|presbytery]] in 1920. The present church was built by Fr. A. E. C. Colaco in 1928. He also completed the presbytery, constructed the school building and planned the [[Bell tower|belfry]], which was completed by Fr. Leo Saldana in 1937. In 1963, a girls high school was opened by the Ursuline Franciscan sisters with the assistance of the very Rev. Mgr. F. J. M. Pinto, which provided education up to the 10th Standard. After 1963, there was a relative lack of development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.churchnewssite.com/portal/?p=60434 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221053038/http://www.churchnewssite.com/portal/?p=60434 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=21 February 2014 |title=St. Francis Xavier Church – Bejai, Mangalore |publisher=Church News Site |accessdate=19 January 2012}}</ref>

===1995–2003===
[[File:Bejai Church 2.jpg|thumb|The church decorated for a festival]]
Fr. Bernard L. D'Souza came to Bejai church as a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|parish priest]] in 1995, and soon commenced developmental activities. The extreme western portion of the cemetery was levelled, permanent graves were shifted to a higher area, the ground was levelled and a community hall in an area of 35 cents was raised with 52 cents parking place. The hall was built within a period of one year and was inaugurated in December 1997. Bejai Church Hall currently has a capacity of 1000 seats, a stage, a gallery of 100 seats, a veranda and in the basement a mini hall with a sound system and [[seating capacity]] of 200 seats behind the stage. The total cost of construction was 7.5 million [[Indian rupee|rupees]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=1660&ex_title=Bejai+Church%3A+100+Years+-+To+Rejoice%2C+Celebrate+and+Dedicate+ |title=Bejai Church: 100 Years – To Rejoice, Celebrate and Dedicate |work=Daiji World |accessdate=19 January 2012}}</ref>

===2003 onwards===
The next major development conducted by Fr. Bernard was the Bejai Church Commercial Complex in 1998, which has become a hub of economic activity in the area. In May 2003, Fr. Joseph Peter Tauro was appointed parish priest of Bejai and manager of Lourdes Central School. Shortly afterwards the school was approved for affiliation with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] in [[New Delhi]].

The Bejai Church parish celebrated its centenary year in 2011. It currently serves 1,250 families, and a total of around 6000 Catholics in Bejai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-03/mangalore/29845887_1_parish-centenary-year-mangalore-catholic-diocese |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005059/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-03/mangalore/29845887_1_parish-centenary-year-mangalore-catholic-diocese |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2012 |title=Bejai parish set to celebrate 100 years|date=3 August 2011 |work=The Times of India |accessdate=19 January 2012}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://bejaichurch.com Official website]

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Francis Xavier Church, Mangalore}}
[[Category:Churches in Mangalore Diocese]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1869]]

Rahul Pandharipande

2026-03-08T05:23:52Z

AyushAmar: small expanded layout for consistency

{{Short description|Professor of mathematics (born 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Rahul Pandharipande
| image = ETH-BIB-Pandharipande,_Rahul_(1969-)-Portr_19591.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Rahul Pandharipande (2021)
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1969}}
| birth_place = [[Amravati]], Maharashtra, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = Mathematics
| workplaces = [[ETH Zurich]] [[Princeton University]] [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] [[University of Chicago]]
| alma_mater = [[Princeton University]] [[Harvard University]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Joe Harris (mathematician)|Joe Harris]]
| doctoral_students = [[Aaron Pixton]]
| known_for =
| awards = [[Clay Research Award]] (2013) [[Infosys Prize]] (2013)
}}
'''Rahul Pandharipande''' (born 1969{{CN|date=September 2024}}) is a Portuguese-Indian professor of mathematics at the [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich]] (ETH) working in [[algebraic geometry]]. His particular interests
concern [[moduli space]]s, enumerative invariants associated to moduli spaces, such as [[Gromov–Witten invariants]] and [[Donaldson–Thomas theory|Donaldson–Thomas invariants]], and the cohomology of the moduli space of curves.<ref name=Clay>{{cite web | url=http://www.claymath.org/people/rahul-pandharipande | title=Rahul Pandharipande | publisher=Clay Mathematics Institute | accessdate=14 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Infosys>{{cite web | url=https://www.infosysprize.org/laureates/2013/rahul-pandharipande.html | title=Infosys Prize - Laureates - Mathematical Sciences, 2013 Prof. Rahul Pandharipande | publisher=Infosys Science Foundation |accessdate=12 January 2025 }}</ref> His father [[Vijay Raghunath Pandharipande]] was a renowned theoretical physicist who worked in the area of nuclear physics.

== Educational and professional history ==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=April 2019}}
He received his [[A.B.]] from [[Princeton University]] in 1990 and his PhD from [[Harvard University]] in 1994 with a thesis entitled `''A Compactification over the Moduli Space of Stable Curves of the Universal Moduli Space of Slope-Semistable Vector Bundles'''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vasudevan |first=Shilpa |title=Infosys Hall of Fame |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2013/Dec/16/infosys-hall-of-fame-551501.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=December 14, 2013 |access-date=January 12, 2025}}</ref> His thesis advisor at Harvard was [[Joe Harris (mathematician)|Joe Harris]]. After teaching at the [[University of Chicago]] and the [[California Institute of Technology]], he joined the faculty as Professor of Mathematics at [[Princeton University]] in 2002. In 2011, he accepted a Professorship at [[ETH Zürich]]. In 2022, he was awarded an honorary degree - Doctor of Science from the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Degree Recipients – Illinois Commencement |url=https://commencement.illinois.edu/general-information/archives/honors-and-awards-recipients/ |access-date= |language=en-US |archive-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618112711/https://commencement.illinois.edu/general-information/archives/honors-and-awards-recipients/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Pandharipande is married to mathematician [[Ana Cannas da Silva]].<ref name="g990">{{cite web | last=Vasudevan | first=Shilpa | title=Infosys Hall of Fame | website=The New Indian Express | date=2013-12-16 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2013/Dec/16/infosys-hall-of-fame-551501.html }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{MathGenealogy |id=42402}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandharipande, Rahul}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of ETH Zurich]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Algebraic geometers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Amravati]]
[[Category:American people of Marathi descent]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:University Laboratory High School (Urbana, Illinois) alumni]]

Letzamang Haokip

2026-03-07T15:22:43Z

AyushAmar:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| name = Letzamang Haokip
| birth_date = 1975
| education =
| occupation = Social worker
|office=Member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Letzamang Haokip''' is an Indian politician from [[Manipur]] and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Haokip was first elected as a member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Henglep (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Henglep]] constituency in [[Churachandpur District]] on a BJP ticket in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/henglep-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4853939.html|title=Henglep Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Letzamang Haokip of BJP Wins|website=www.news18.com/|date=11 March 2022 |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref>

==History==
* Elected MLA from 57 Henglep(ST) A/C, 12th Manipur Legislative Assembly 2022.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haokip, Letzamang}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Churachandpur district]]
[[Category:1975 births]]

{{Manipur-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya

2026-03-07T06:43:26Z

AyushAmar: correct information per sources and added references

{{Short description|2013 Tamil film by K. S. Manikandan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = K. S. Manikandan
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Indru Poi Naalai Vaa]]''|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]}}
| producer = [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] (presents) [[Rama Narayanan]]
| starring = Santhanam [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] [[V. Sethuraman|Sethu]] [[Vishakha Singh|Vishakha]]
| cinematography = [[Balasubramaniem]]
| editing = G. Ramarao
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| studio = Handmade Films [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]]
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|01|13|ref1=}}
| runtime = 146 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjc2njy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250305070559/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjc2njy |archive-date=5 March 2025 |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}3 crore<ref name="BudgetGross">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2013 |title=Action and romantic films reaped gold for Kannada cinema in 2013 |url=http://m.ibnlive.com/news/india/action-and-romantic-films-reaped-gold-for-kannada-cinema-in-2013-656608.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403061823/http://m.ibnlive.com/news/india/action-and-romantic-films-reaped-gold-for-kannada-cinema-in-2013-656608.html |archive-date=3 April 2016 |access-date=23 November 2012 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{est}} {{INR}}12 crore<ref name="BudgetGross" />
}}

'''''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya''''' ({{translation|My dear, would you like to eat a [[laddu]]?}}), also known by the [[initialism]] '''''KLTA''''', is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by K. S. Manikandan in his debut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=3 October 2020 |title=Aval Appadithan: KS Manikandan to direct South siren Silk Smitha's biopic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aval-appadithan-ks-manikandan-to-direct-south-siren-silk-smitha-s-biopic-1727922-2020-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304165218/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aval-appadithan-ks-manikandan-to-direct-south-siren-silk-smitha-s-biopic-1727922-2020-10-03 |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]], newcomer [[V. Sethuraman|Sethu]] and [[Vishakha Singh|Vishakha]]. Based on the 1981 Tamil ''[[Indru Poi Naalai Vaa]]'' by [[K. Bhagyaraj]], it revolves around three friends who fall for the same girl, who has just moved into their neighbourhood.

''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya'' marked Santhanam's venture into film production with his Handmade Films. The film was co-produced by [[Rama Narayanan]] via [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]] while [[Thaman S]] scored the soundtrack, and cinematography was handled by [[Balasubramaniem]]. It was released on 13 January 2013, and became a box office success.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=March 2025}}
Kaalkattu Kaliyaperumal alias KK, Power Kumar and Shiva are three unemployed friends who frequently [[Drinking#Alcoholic beverages|drink]] and chase girls. A girl named Sowmiya moves in with her family to the house opposite Shiva. The three friends fall for the girl's beauty and make a gentlemen's agreement to let the girl choose her boyfriend. The three attempt different methods to woo her. Shiva helps Sowmiya's aunt with household work; KK joins Sowmiya's uncle to learn singing; and Power joins Sowmiya's father to learn [[Bharatanatyam]].

One day, when none of Sowmiya's family members are home, the three eventually profess their love, leaving Sowmiya confused. Following the advice of her neighbour, Sowmiya reveals to all three that she loves actor [[Silambarasan|Simbu]]. The neighbourhood boys then decide to bring Simbu as a gift for Sowmiya's birthday, but Simbu denies knowing her. They then hire a thug named "Kolaveri" David to kidnap Simbu, but he kidnaps Sowmiya instead. As Simbu refused to help them, Shiva, KK, and Power go and save Sowmiya from David, and she chooses Shiva because Power and KK had earlier beaten Sowmiya's uncle and father severely; they later marry.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Kaalkattu Kaliyaperumal (KK)
* [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] as Power Kumar (Power)
* [[V. Sethuraman|Sethu]] as Shiva
* [[Vishakha Singh|Vishakha]] as Sowmiya
* [[VTV Ganesh]] as Krishnamoorthi
* [[K. Sivasankar|Sivasankar Master]] as Sowmiya's father
* [[Pattimandram Raja]] as Shiva's father
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Sowmiya's aunt
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Shiva's mother
* [[Devadarshini]] as Sowmiya's neighbour
* K. Bujji Babu as Power Kumar's father
* Master Ananthu as Sowmiya's brother
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Kolaveri David's henchman
* [[Ganeshkar]] as an auto driver
* [[Stunt Silva]] as Kolaveri David (uncredited)<ref name="Moviefone">{{Cite web |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/vSOIC2UWfZ5sRiCCY2hjT5/credits/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250804014451/https://www.moviefone.com/movie/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/vSOIC2UWfZ5sRiCCY2hjT5/credits/ |archive-date=4 August 2025 |access-date=4 August 2025 |website=[[Moviefone]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Swaminathan]] as Sowmiya's neighbour (uncredited)<ref name="Moviefone" />
* [[Lollu Sabha Manohar]] as an ad film actor (uncredited)<ref name="Moviefone" />
* Kanakarajsamy as Double-decker Narayanan (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=1 June 2019 |title=Say hello to Mr. Double-decker Narayanan! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/say-hello-to-mr-double-decker-narayanan/article27399458.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225190932/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/say-hello-to-mr-double-decker-narayanan/article27399458.ece |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
;Cameo appearances
* [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] as himself
* [[Silambarasan]] as himself
* [[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] (in the song "Aasaiye Alai Poley")
}}

== Production ==
''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya'' marked [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]'s venture into film production with his Handmade Films, and co-produced by [[Rama Narayanan]]. It was initially planned to be a film similar to [[The Hangover (film series)|the ''Hangover'' series]], but due to budget constraints, the story was placed in [[Karaikudi]] and [[Kumbakonam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J |date=26 January 2013 |title=Everything to laugh about |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/everything-to-laugh-about/article4348038.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302084823/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/everything-to-laugh-about/article4348038.ece |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=2 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's title is derived from a phrase spoken by [[Karthi]]'s character in ''[[Siruthai]]'' (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Tirupati laddu row: Pawan Kalyan upset over Karthi’s remarks; Tamil star apologises |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tirupati-laddu-row-pawan-kalyan-upset-over-karthis-remarks-tamil-star-apologises/article68677155.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926065504/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tirupati-laddu-row-pawan-kalyan-upset-over-karthis-remarks-tamil-star-apologises/article68677155.ece |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> which also appeared in early Tamil [[Cadbury Shots]] advertisements.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Venkatesan |date=19 July 1012 |title=The new title trend in Kollywood |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Jul/19/the-new-title-trend-in-kollywood-388333.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204101331/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Jul/19/the-new-title-trend-in-kollywood-388333.html |archive-date=4 February 2026 |access-date=4 February 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=28 June 2021 |title=Beta, mann mein laddoo phutaa? |url=https://beastoftraal.com/2021/06/28/beta-mann-mein-laddoo-phutaa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301135828/https://beastoftraal.com/2021/06/28/beta-mann-mein-laddoo-phutaa/ |archive-date=1 March 2025 |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=[[Beast of Traal]] |language=en}}</ref> Rama Narayanan claimed the title was recommended by himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Venkadesan |date=1 August 2012 |title=Santhanam’s flick is not a remake |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Aug/01/santhanams-flick-is-not-a-remake--392716.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203021225/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Aug/01/santhanams-flick-is-not-a-remake--392716.html |archive-date=3 February 2026 |access-date=3 February 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[Balasubramaniem]], and editing by G. Ramarao.<ref name="Moviefone" />

[[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]], when approached by Santhanam to co-star, initially believed it was a joke, and learned about his role only when he went to shoot.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2013 |title='I made Santhanam laugh' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-made-santhanam-laugh/articleshow/17900199.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250304160450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-made-santhanam-laugh/articleshow/17900199.cms |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[V. Sethuraman|Sethu]], a longtime friend of Santhanam, was offered one of the lead roles, making his acting debut.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peter |first=Petlee |date=31 July 2014 |title=Meeting a star behind the hospital screen |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/meeting-a-star-behind-the-hospital-screen/article6268955.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201184044/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/meeting-a-star-behind-the-hospital-screen/article6268955.ece |archive-date=1 December 2024 |access-date=1 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> Though Sethu was doing medicine at that time and was tempted to accept the film offer, Santhanam urged him to do so only after completing his education.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2015 |title='I'll Always be a Doctor First, Not an Actor' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2015/Sep/28/ill-always-be-a-doctor-first-not-an-actor-821559.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260206112434/https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2015/Sep/28/ill-always-be-a-doctor-first-not-an-actor-821559.html |archive-date=6 February 2026 |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Vishakha Singh|Vishakha]] made her return to acting following a nearly-three year hiatus.<ref name="jfw">{{Cite magazine |last=Surendran |first=Anusha |date=February 2014 |title=More than a Pretty Face |url=https://jfwonline.com/emag/JFWFeb2014.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204112259/https://jfwonline.com/emag/JFWFeb2014.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2026 |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=Just For Women}}</ref>{{rp|39}} The film, first reported in June 2012,<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2012 |title=Santhanam, Power Star to team up! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhanam-power-star-to-team-up/articleshow/14209884.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250301011852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhanam-power-star-to-team-up/articleshow/14209884.cms |archive-date=1 March 2025 |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> was formally launched a month later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya Movie Launch Stills |url=https://moviegalleri.net/2012/07/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-movie-launch-stills.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250225065716/https://moviegalleri.net/2012/07/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-movie-launch-stills.html |archive-date=25 February 2025 |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Moviegalleri.net |language=en}}</ref> Vishaka agreed to dance to the song "Hey Unnathan" after the director assured her it would not be oversexualised or have voyeuristic camera angles.<ref name="jfw" />{{rp|40}} By that November, filming was almost complete, except for two song sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=17 November 2012 |title=A comic outing! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-comic-outing/articleshow/17241374.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250301011753/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-comic-outing/articleshow/17241374.cms |archive-date=1 March 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Thaman S]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KANNA LADDU THINNA AASAIYA – Thaman S Tamil Audio Cd |url=https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-thaman-s-tamil-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302084113/https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-thaman-s-tamil-audio-cd/ |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=Audio CDs World |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=29 December 2012 |title=New film, new tunes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-film-new-tunes/article4252682.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250302133109/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-film-new-tunes/article4252682.ece |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=2 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The audio was released on 9 December 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2012 |title=STR & Shankar launches Santhanam's KLTA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/str-shankar-launches-santhanams-klta/articleshow/17554821.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250228071429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/str-shankar-launches-santhanams-klta/articleshow/17554821.cms |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2012 |title=STR & Shankar launches Santhanam's KLTA |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/str-shankar-launches-santhanam-s-klta-news-tamil-mmkjBxacada.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212180548/http://www.sify.com/movies/str-shankar-launches-santhanam-s-klta-news-tamil-mmkjBxacada.html |archive-date=12 December 2012 |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It features a remixed version of the song "Aasaiyae Alaipolae" from the 1958 film ''[[Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum]]'', composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. The song "Love Letter" is based on "Naan Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren" from the 1971 film [[Nootrukku Nooru|''Nootruku Nooru'']], composed by [[V. Kumar]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=13 December 2012 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya (Music review), Tamil – Thaman S |url=https://milliblog.com/2012/12/13/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-music-review-tamil-thaman-s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111002323/https://milliblog.com/2012/12/13/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-music-review-tamil-thaman-s/ |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}</ref>

Pramodh of ''Musicperk'' rated the album 7/10 stating, "The composer Thaman has done a credible job to make sure the album’s genre is met with properly".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pramodh |date=13 December 2012 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya |url=http://www.musicperk.com/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113061431/http://www.musicperk.com/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/ |archive-date=13 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013 |website=Musicperk}}</ref> Srinivasa Ramanujam of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "''KLTA'' is a collection of numbers that might work only if seen with visuals".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=1 June 2013 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/articleshow/20381469.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250228071346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya/articleshow/20381469.cms |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' wrote, "Very Thaman... very listenable – good [[laddu]], this!"<ref name=":2" />

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:31
| title1 = Aasaiye Alai Poley
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length1 = 04:42
| title2 = Love Letter
| extra2 = [[Mukesh Mohamed]]
| lyrics2 = [[Gana Bala]]
| length2 = 02:02
| title3 = Hey Unnathan
| extra3 = [[Suchitra]], Ranjith, Rahul Nambiar, Naveen Madhav
| lyrics3 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| length3 = 04:13
| title4 = Birthday
| extra4 = M. L. R. Karthikeyan, Senthil, Sam P. Keerthan
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| length4 = 04:29
| title5 = Duet Song
| extra5 = Muralidhar, Rahul Nambiar, Ranjith (Interlude by Gana Bala)
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| length5 = 04:02
| title6 = Potti
| extra6 = Gana Bala
| lyrics6 = Gana Bala
| length6 = 02:55
}}

== Release ==
''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya'' was distributed by [[Red Giant Movies]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2013 |title=Red Giant acquires Endrendrum Punnagai's rights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/red-giant-acquires-endrendrum-punnagais-rights/articleshow/19123866.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250228070833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/red-giant-acquires-endrendrum-punnagais-rights/articleshow/19123866.cms |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> who booked nearly 250 screens for the film's release.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=7 January 2013 |title=Bhagyaraj files a complaint against KLTA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bhagyaraj-files-a-complaint-against-klta/articleshow/17921581.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250302070124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bhagyaraj-files-a-complaint-against-klta/articleshow/17921581.cms |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=2 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was initially scheduled to release on 21 December 2012, but was shifted to 25 January 2013, a day before [[Republic Day (India)|Indian Republic Day]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2012 |title='Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya' gets 'U' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-gets-u/articleshow/17674942.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250228072245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-gets-u/articleshow/17674942.cms |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya cleared by the censors! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-cleared-by-the-censors-imagegallery-kollywood-mmtlT8dbcdb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225165438/http://www.sify.com/movies/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-cleared-by-the-censors-imagegallery-kollywood-mmtlT8dbcdb.html |archive-date=25 December 2012 |access-date=21 January 2026 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> and later brought forward to 13 January. Prior to the revised date, filmmaker [[K. Bhagyaraj]] filed a suit against the makers of ''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya'', stating that they used the same storyline as his 1981 film ''[[Indru Poi Naalai Vaa]]''.<ref name=":1" /> He also accused the makers of falsely claiming to have acquired the rights from him. It was later announced that the film, upon orders of the [[Madras High Court]], would acknowledge both Bhagyaraj and his ''Indru Poi Naalai Vaa'' story in the credits.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2013 |title=KLTA ordered to carry Bhagyaraj in credits! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/KLTA-ordered-to-carry-Bhagyaraj-in-credits/articleshow/17993417.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203050002/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-12/news-interviews/36295944_1_kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-klta-power-star-srinivasan |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Post release, Veer Vasanthakumar, president of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], objected to a scene where a character dressed as the goddess [[Mariamman|Amman]] was making "inappropriate" body movements during a song sequence. Calling it "outrageous", "unacceptable" and "contemptuous", he threatened to file a court case if the scene was not removed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=Comedy flick has Hindu outfit fuming |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2013/Jan/21/comedy-flick-has-hindu-outfit-fuming-444826.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621133430/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2013/Jan/21/comedy-flick-has-hindu-outfit-fuming-444826.html |archive-date=21 June 2025 |access-date=27 January 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===

Vivek Ramz from ''[[In.com]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five and stated that "''KLTA'' is a perfect [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] treat for the family thanks to its clean humour. Go watch it and have a blast!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramz |first=Vivek |date=13 January 2013 |title=Tamil review: Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya is the perfect Pongal treat! |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-review-kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-is-the-perfect-pongal-treat-50166798-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115124137/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-review-kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaiya-is-the-perfect-pongal-treat-50166798-in-1.html |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013 |website=[[In.com]]}}</ref> N. Venkateswaran from ''The Times of India'' also gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars, saying, "Manikandan has now carved out a name for himself in the Tamil film industry".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkateswaran |first=N |date=17 January 2013 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Kanna-Laddu-Thinna-Aasaiya/movie-review/18057104.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122084037/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Kanna-Laddu-Thinna-Aasaiya/movie-review/18057104.cms |archive-date=22 January 2013 |access-date=17 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave it three stars writing, "Gags galore, Laughs. This one's strictly for Kollywood junkies whose funny bones are easy to tickle", and called the film a "Jolly fun ride".<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2013 |title=Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasiaya |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasiaya-review--pcmaF4fjeihej.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819235248/https://www.sify.com/movies/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasiaya-review--pcmaF4fjeihej.html |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that the film was "a light-hearted fun film for the festive season, if you don't mind the crassness, that is!" and found many similarities to older films with the idea of several men trying to woo a girl already present in the 1971 release ''[[Uttharavindri Ulle Vaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 January 2013 |title=Laughter at another's expense |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/laughter-at-anothers-expense/article4323016.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924152023/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/laughter-at-anothers-expense/article4323016.ece |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=25 July 2019 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> R S Prakash of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, "A paper-thin script has been made to made sizzle right from the first frame, thanks to the strength of the film's comedy content".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=R S |date=19 January 2013 |title=''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaya''! As sweet as Laddu |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaya-as-sweet-as-laddu/articleshow/21245216.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250302133053/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kanna-laddu-thinna-aasaya-as-sweet-as-laddu/articleshow/21245216.cms |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Sify'' noted that ''Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya'' made a profit within three days of its release and called it "2013's first big hit".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2013 |title=KLTA – Big Pongal winner |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/klta-big-pongal-winner-news-tamil-nbri5Vfbdcg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118000159/http://www.sify.com/movies/klta-big-pongal-winner-news-tamil-nbri5Vfbdcg.html |archive-date=18 January 2013 |access-date=19 January 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The trade attributed the film's success to the failure of other films released in the same window.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2013 |title=KLTA completes 50 days! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/klta-completes-50-days/articleshow/18788157.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250228070348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/klta-completes-50-days/articleshow/18788157.cms |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Trade analyst Trinath told [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] in December 2013 that it grossed {{INRConvert|12|c|year=2013}} against a budget of {{INRConvert|3|c|year=2013}}.<ref name="BudgetGross" />

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable"
! scope="col" |Date of ceremony
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Nominee(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Debutant Producer – Tamil
|Handmade Films
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees |url=http://siima.in/nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165951/http://siima.in/nominations |archive-date=9 September 2014 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners List |url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519165255/http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best Comedian – Tamil
|[[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[8th Vijay Awards]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
|Srinivasan
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fefmxozuts |title=Vijay Awards 07/20/14 |date=20 July 2014 |publisher=[[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]] |access-date=2 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223084924/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fefmxozuts |archive-date=23 February 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |title=Vijay Awards 07/27/14 |date=27 July 2014 |publisher=[[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]] |access-date=2 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131061916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 controversies]]
[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films subject to a lawsuit]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Religious controversies in film]]
[[Category:Religious controversies in India]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Unofficial film adaptations]]

Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions

2026-03-06T17:03:53Z

AyushAmar: added new stub from scratch

{{Short description|Indian educational organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox institute
| name = Sri Chaitanya Educational Institution
| image = [[File:Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions logo.png|250px]]
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| latin_name =
| other_name =
| motto = Saraina Guruvu
| mottoeng = "The Right Mentor"
| parent =
| founder = {{plainlist|
* Boppana Satyanarayana Rao
* Bopanna Jhansi Lakshmi Bai
* Seema Bopanna
*[[Sushma Bopanna]]
}}
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1986|p=y}}
| mission =
| focus =
| president = Bopanna Jhansi Lakshmi Bai
| chairman = Bopanna Jhansi Lakshmi Bai
| head_label = Chief Executive Officer and Director (academic)
| head = [[Sushma Bopanna]]
| faculty = {{up}} 5000
| adjunct_faculty =
| staff =
| key_people =
| budget =
| endowment =
| debt =
| num_members =
| subsidiaries = {{bulleted list
|Sri Chaitanya Junior Colleges
|Sri Chaitanya Degree Colleges
|Sri Chaitanya Coaching Institutions of [[Joint Entrance Examination|IIT-JEE]], [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]], [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test|EAMCET]] and [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC-CS]] preparation
}}
| owner = Bopanna Jhansi Lakshmi Bai
| slogan =
| former_name =
| address =
| location = Headquarters: Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad Telangana
| city =
| state =
| province =
| country = India
| coordinates = 
| website = {{URL|https://srichaitanya.net/}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Sri Chaitanya Techno Schools , B.R.T.S , Middle road.jpg|thumb|Sri Chaitanya Techno School, B.R.T.S, Middle road, Vijayawada, A.P.]]
'''Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions''' is a group of education institutions chain of schools, [[junior college]]s, hostels, [[Cram school|coaching institutions]] for [[Joint Entrance Examination|IIT-JEE]], [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]], [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test|EAMCET]] and [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC-CS]] preparation and [[Undergraduate education|degree colleges]] across India. The academic director of Sri Chaitanya is [[Sushma Bopanna]].

It was founded in 1986 by B.S Rao and his wife, Jhansi Lakshmi Bai. With over 321 state board-affiliated junior colleges, 322 [[K–12|K-10]] Sri Chaitanya Techno Schools and 107 CBSE-affiliated schools,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sri Chaitanya About Us |url=https://srichaitanya.net/about/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Sri Chaitanya |language=en}}</ref> it is one of Asia's largest educational franchises with over 8.5 lakh students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-24 |title=Sri Chaitanya Group launches Infinity Learn |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/sri-chaitanya-group-launches-infinity-learn/article34952356.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]] actor [[Allu Arjun]] was signed as the brand ambassador of the institution.

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Sri Chaitanya launched Infinity Learn as part of its [[Educational technology|edtech]] platform, with [[Rohit Sharma]] leading the marketing campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-17 |title=Allu Arjun signed as brand ambassador of Sri Chaitanya - The Hindu |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/allu-arjun-signed-as-brand-ambassador-of-sri-chaitanya/article37038486.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017135323/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/allu-arjun-signed-as-brand-ambassador-of-sri-chaitanya/article37038486.ece |archive-date=2021-10-17 }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Chaitanya Techno.jpg|thumb|Logo of Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions' Techno Schools]]

Sri Chaitanya was founded in 1986 by Dr. Boppana Satyanarayana Rao<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sri Chaitanya students shine bright in JEE Mains results |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/education/290423/sri-chaitanya-students-shine-bright-in-jee-mains-results.html}}</ref> and his wife, Dr. Jhansi Lakshmi Bai Boppana. It was initially a junior college for girls in [[Vijayawada|Vijaywada]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dad, Daughters and Co. |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/040717/dad-daughters-and-co.html}}</ref> In 1991, they opened a boys' junior college in [[Hyderabad]] (then part of the [[Telangana movement|undivided]] [[Andhra Pradesh]]). New branches were opened in [[Visakhapatnam]] (1998) and various other districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].<ref name=":0" />

In 2021, Tollywood star Allu Arjun was signed as the brand ambassador of the institution with the "No Compromise on Success" campaign.<ref name=":1" />

The founder, Dr. Boppana Satyanarayana Rao, died on 13 July 2023 after a heart attack.<ref name="Nichenametla, DHNS">{{Cite web |last=Nichenametla, DHNS |first=Prasad |title=Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions founder passes away |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sri-chaitanya-educational-institutions-founder-passes-away-1236743.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Infinity Learn ==
Sri Chaitanya launched the Infinity Learn app in 2022, with educational content for classes 6–12 with IIT-JEE, NEET and CBSE board exam coaching.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-20 |title=Sri Chaitanya launches app for personalised teaching - The Hindu |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sri-chaitanya-launches-app-for-personalised-teaching/article65338827.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420162040/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sri-chaitanya-launches-app-for-personalised-teaching/article65338827.ece |archive-date=2022-04-20 }}</ref> In 2022, it acquired the edtech platform Don't Memorise<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BL Hyderabad |date=2022-03-08 |title=Edtech start-up Infinity Learn buys Don’t Memorise |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/edtech-start-up-infinity-learn-buys-dont-memorise/article65204744.ece |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> and a 75% stake in WizKlub.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BL New Delhi |date=2022-05-26 |title=Infinity Learn acquires ed-tech start-up Wizklub for $10 million |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/infinity-learn-acquires-ed-tech-start-up-wizklub-for-10-million/article65463965.ece |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2024, Infinity Learn partnered with Google Cloud India to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEducation.com |title=ET Education: Education News {{!}} Latest Education Sector Information and Updates |url=https://education.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=ETEducation.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vishwakarma |first=Sumit |title=Infinity Learn partners with Google Cloud India to revolutionize education using AI |url=https://indianstartupnews.com/news/infinity-learn-partners-with-google-cloud-india-to-revolutionize-education-using-ai-8343247 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=indianstartupnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== 2023 Narsingi campus suicide case==

On 28 February 2023, a 16-year-old student committed suicide in the college classroom of Sri Chaitanya Junior College, [[Narsingi, Ranga Reddy district|Narsingi]] campus by hanging from the ceiling wall fan. Many alleged tortures by college faculty, claiming that the boy had faced humiliation by the college's teaching staff.

Tension prevailed at the college premises after the incident, with the deceased's parents, relatives and student organisations staging protests by blocking the road near the college.<ref>{{Cite web |author=News Desk |date=2023-03-01 |title=Hyderabad: 16-year-old hangs self to death in Narsingi college |url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-16-year-old-hangs-self-to-death-in-narsingi-college-2537462/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Activists from the [[Students' Federation of India]] (SFI) staged a protest at the [[Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education]] office at [[Nampally, Hyderabad|Nampally]] against the college, demanding a criminal case to be registered against the accused and that the recognition of the college be cancelled. The police placed them under preventive arrest while they tried to enter the board office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-01 |title=Outrage over student 'suicide' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/outrage-over-student-suicide-in-hyderabad-action-against-college-sought/article66567618.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The police arrested principals Akalanakam Narasimha Chary and Tiyyaguru Siva Ramakrishna Reddy, vice principal Vontela Shoban Babu, and warden Kandaraboina Naresh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Indo-Asian News |date=2023-03-06 |title=Student suicide: Telangana govt derecognises Sri Chaitanya College |url=https://www.siasat.com/student-suicide-telangana-govt-derecognises-sri-chaitanya-college-2541753/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> The campus was later derecognised: it was barred from taking new admission in the next academic year, but existing students continued their second-year academics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Sri Chaitanya's Narsingi campus barred from taking fresh admissions over student's suicide |url=https://telanganatoday.com/sri-chaitanyas-narsingi-campus-barred-from-taking-fresh-admissions-over-students-suicide |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

Later it was discovered that the institution had been running multiple campuses without the board's permission. ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that while it has five campuses in Narsingi, only two of them had been registered with the government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-03 |title=Suicide probe: Campus boom at Narsingi without Board consent |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/suicide-probe-campus-boom-at-narsingi-without-board-consent/articleshow/98376811.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bilal |first=S. M. |date=2023-03-05 |title=Sathvik suicide case: Inter board inquiry reveals shocking facts |url=https://www.siasat.com/sathvik-suicide-case-inter-board-inquiry-reveals-shocking-facts-2540973/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> This has been seen with several campuses of the institution across cities.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cram schools in India]]
[[Category:Junior colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Hyderabad, India]]

Kshamisi Nimma Khaatheyalli Hanavilla

2026-03-06T05:07:01Z

AyushAmar: New.

{{Short description| Indian Kannada film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kshamisi Nimma Khaatheyalli Hanavilla
| image =
| caption =
| director = Vinayaka Kodsara
| writer = Vinayaka Kodsara,
Venu Hasrali
| producer = Silk Manju
| starring = [[Diganth]] [[Andrita Ray]] [[Ranjani Raghavan]]
| narrator =
| music = Prajwal Pai
| cinematography = Nandakishore Neelakanta Rao
| editing = Rahul
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|04|29}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Kshamisi Nimma Khaatheyalli Hanavilla''''' ({{translation|Sorry, there is no money in your account}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language romantic comedy-drama directed by Vinayaka Kodsara. The cinematography is done by Nanda Kishore. The film stars [[Diganth]], [[Aindrita Ray]] and [[Ranjani Raghavan]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Diganth and Aindrita Ray's new film to kickstart this month - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/diganth-and-aindrita-rays-new-film-to-kickstart-this-month/articleshow/78971726.cms|access-date=2021-07-05|website=The Times of India|date=November 2020 }}</ref> The music is composed by Prajwal Pai.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=April 2024}}

== Cast ==
*[[Diganth]] as Shankara<ref>{{Cite web|title=I couldn't have asked for more this year: Actor Diganth
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/dec/28/i-couldnt-have-asked-for-more-this-year-actor-diganth-2241939.html|website=The New Indian Express|date=28 December 2020 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
*[[Aindrita Ray]] as Padmavathi
*[[Ranjani Raghavan]] as Sowmya
*Vidya Murthy as Shankara's mother
*[[Prakash Thuminad]] as Bank Manager
*[[Umashree]] as Senior Lawyer (Guest appearance)
*Satish Das as debit card manager
*RaviKiran Govind bank manager

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack album has three singles composed by Prajwal Pai, and released on [[Lahari Music]].
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| headline = Kshamisi Nimma Khaatheyalli Hanavilla (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| title1 = Kannadiye
| extra1 = Prajwal Pai, [[Aishwarya Rangarajan]]
| length1 = 3:26
| title2 = Olave
| extra2 = Haricharan S
| length2 = 3:33
| title3 = Ayyo Paapa
| extra3 = Ravi Mooruru, Venu Hasrali (Lyrics)
| length3 = 3:43
| title4 =
| extra4 =
| length4 =
| title5 =
| extra5 =
| length5 =
}}

==Release and reception==
The film was released on 29 April 2022. It was also released on Amazon Prime Video.

B Somashekar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a positive review for the film, writing: "The story [,,] which doesn't have chest-thumping dialogues or mass elements, thrives solely on the content. Kudos to director Vinayaka Kodsara for taking up such a subject."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kshamisi Nimma Khatheyalli Hanavilla Movie Review: Kshamisi Nimma Khatheyalli Hanavilla |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kshamisi-nimma-khatheyalli-hanavilla/movie-review/91199109.cms | website=The Times Of India| access-date=2022-06-20}}</ref> A review from ''[[Udayavani]]'' appreciated the performances but felt that the film could have been better paced in the first half. On the other hand, ''[[OTT Play]]''{{'s}} Prathibha Joy criticized the film calling it "complete waste of two hours."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kshamisi Nimma Khatheyalli Hanavilla review: What a waste of two hours this Diganth starrer is |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/kshamisi-nimma-khatheyalli-hanavilla-review-what-a-waste-of-two-hours-this-diganth-starrer-is/f89df24783576 |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=OTTPlay }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15333928}}

[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]

{{2020s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Madarangi

2026-03-04T04:41:04Z

AyushAmar: new initial page needs work!

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Madarangi poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Mallikarjun Muthalageri
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Nagappa
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]]
*[[Sushma Raj]]
*Naksha Shetty}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Girish
| editing = Crazy Mindz
| music = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]
| studio = Krishna Talkies
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|5|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Madarangi''''' is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Mallikarjun Muthalageri, who previously directed ''Auto'' (2009), and starring [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]], [[Sushma Raj]] and Naksha Shetty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sunil-excited-about-madarangi/articleshow/19967734.cms|title=Sunil excited about Madarangi |last=Lokesh|first=Vinay|date=9 May 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kaliyug-krishnas-film-releases-on-friday/articleshow/19946432.cms|title=Kaliyug Krishna's film releases on Friday |website=[[The Times of India]]|last=Muthanna|first=Anjali|date=8 May 2013}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]] as Manu
*[[Sushma Raj]]
*Naksha Shetty as Deepu Real name Kavya Shekar shetty .
*Hanumathe Gowda as Somanna
*[[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Shetty
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Deepu's father
*[[Sadhu Kokila]]
*[[Vinaya Prasad]]
*[[Suchendra Prasad]]
*[[Kuri Prathap]]
*[[Chikkanna]]
*[[Adi Lokesh]]
*[[B. B. Ashok Kumar]] (cameo appearance)
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[J. Anoop Seelin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/krishna-watches-madarangi-in-mysore/articleshow/20152976.cms|title=Krishna watches Madarangi in Mysore|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 May 2013|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay}}</ref> The song "Darling Darling" became popular before the film released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/madarangi-heading-towards-50-days/articleshow/20758479.cms|title=Madarangi heading towards 50 days |website=[[The Times of India]]|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay|date=25 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/madarangi-goes-the-simpleag-way/articleshow/19647620.cms|title=Madarangi goes the Simpleag way|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Taniya|last=Talukdar|date=20 April 2013}}</ref> Arasu Anthare won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist]] for the song "Male Haniye".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Karantaka-State-Film-Awards-announced/articleshow/45756810.cms|title=Karantaka State Film Awards announced|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 January 2015 }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Darling Darling
| extra1 = J. Anoop Seelin, [[Varijashree Venugopal]]
| length1 = 3:51
| title2 = Madarangi (title version)
| extra2 = Sunitha Murali
| length2 = 4:30
| title3 = Jee Yendavo
| extra3 = [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]], Yash Golcha, Sirigowri, Mangala
| length3 = 3:17
| title4 = Savira Savira
| extra4 = Divya Raghavan
| length4 = 4:31
| title5 = Kadle Puri
| extra5 = J. Anoop Seelin
| length5 = 3:47
| title6 = Malehaniye (female version)
| extra6 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length6 = 4:23
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film released on the same day as ''[[Bulbul (2013 film)|Bulbul]]'' (2013) and ran for a hundred days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/madarangi-is-a-sleeper-hit-news-kannada-ngdkS4daegjsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211193412/http://www.sify.com/movies/madarangi-is-a-sleeper-hit-news-kannada-ngdkS4daegjsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-11|title='Madarangi' is a sleeper hit!|author=|date=|work=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/madarangi-completes-100-days/articleshow/21856191.cms|title=Madarangi completes 100 days|website=[[The Times of India]]|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay|date=16 August 2013}}</ref> After this film, Krishna added Darling to his stage name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/tuesday-trivia-heres-how-actor-sunil-kumar-who-debuted-with-krishna-rukmini-became-darling-krishna/articleshow/83539716.cms|title=Tuesday Trivia: Here's how actor Sunil Kumar, who debuted with Krishna Rukmini, became Darling Krishna|date=15 June 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that "This “Madarangi” is a fragrant reminder of life's simple, and sometimes savage, pleasures".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/331885/love-friendship-dangerous-tangle.html|title=Love and friendship in a dangerous tangle|date=11 May 2013|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|first=B. S.|last=Srivani}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Director Mallikrajuna Muthalageri has selected a good story but does not impress either in script or narration".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/madarangi/movie-review/19999750.cms|title=Madarangi Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Madarangi by Times of India|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 May 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13549412}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

Prathinidhi

2026-03-03T23:43:19Z

AyushAmar:

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prathinidhi
| image = Prathinidhi poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Movie poster
| director = Prashanth Mandava
| producer = Sambasiva Rao
| writer = Anand Ravi
| starring = [[Nara Rohit]] [[Shubra Aiyappa]]
| music = [[Sai Karthik]]
| cinematography = Chitti Babu.K
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| studio = Sudha Cinemas
| distributor = [[Dil Raju]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|04|25}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = ₹7 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2014
|url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2014/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref>
}}
'''''Prathinidhi''''' ({{langx|en|Representative}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu]]-language [[political thriller]] film produced by J Samba Siva Rao under Sudha cinemas. It was directed by debutant Prashanth Mandava. The film stars [[Nara Rohit]] and [[Shubra Aiyappa]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 April 2014 |title='Prathinidhi' not a political film, says Rohit |website=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/%E2%80%98Prathinidhi%E2%80%99-not-a-political-film-says-Rohit/article11363378.ece |accessdate=29 September 2020 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405184046/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/%E2%80%98Prathinidhi%E2%80%99-not-a-political-film-says-Rohit/article11363378.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Music is composed by [[Sai Karthik]]. The film received positive reviews from critics and the audience. This film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Ko 2]]''. A spiritual sequel titled ''[[Prathinidhi 2]]'' was released in May 2024.

Shooting launched on 26 June 2013 at [[Hyderabad]].

==Plot==
In the starting scene, a mysterious figure who calls himself "the common man" kidnaps Sambasiva Rao, the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]], in a private old age home event in [[Hyderabad]]. The news goes viral, and everyone from the local to the cabinet starts taking the issue personally. The Home Minister appoints Police Commissioner Anjanaprasad to rescue the CM. He gets hold of Srikar, who helped him kidnap the CM. Srikar explains how he met Manchodu Srinu and Sunaina to the PC. As cops strive to get clues about the kidnapper, Seenu comes out with wacky yet valid demands that mostly deal with Indian currency and economy. The rest of story is about the background of Seenu and why he has kidnapped Sambasiva Rao.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nara Rohit]] as Manchodu Sreenu aka Common Man
* [[Shubra Aiyappa]] as Sunaina
* [[Sree Vishnu]] as Srikar
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Chief Minister Sambasiva Rao
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Home Minister
* [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as DGP Ranganath
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Police Commissioner Anjanaprasad
* [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Assistant Commissioner Ravi Prakash
* [[Giribabu]] as textile minister and father of Srikar
* Laxman Meesala
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Prathinidhi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sai Karthik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 13 November 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:28
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Sai Karthik]]
| prev_title = [[Priyathama Neevachata Kusalama]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Noothi Lo Kappalu]]
| next_year = 2015
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Sai Karthik]] and was released by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prathinidhi - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - Saavn |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/prathinidhi/M0t4Ue0NFwU_ |accessdate=31 October 2018 |date=13 November 2013 |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703053420/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/prathinidhi/M0t4Ue0NFwU_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track-List
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 19:28
| title1 = Vandemataram | extra1 = Dhanunjay| lyrics1 = B. Subbaraya Sharma, Akhilesh Reddy| length1 =3:36
| title2 = Maa Maata | extra2 = M. L. R. Karthikeyan| lyrics2 = B. Subbaraya Sharma| length2 = 4:16
| title3 = Chupullo Paravasham | extra3 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]| lyrics3 = Balaji| length3 = 3:42
| title4 = Nee Teguvaki | extra4 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] | lyrics4 = B. Subbaraya Sharma | length4 = 4:07
| title5 = Vaishnava Janato | extra5 = Baby Thillu, Siddharth| lyrics5 = Narsimha Mehta | length5 = 2:35
| title6 = Prathinidhi, Pt. 1 (Dialogue Version)| extra6 = Nara Rohit| length6 = 0:37
| title7 = Prathinidhi, Pt. 1 (Dialogue Version)| extra7 = Nara Rohit| length7 = 0:35
}}

==Critical reception==
''Prathinidhi'' received favorable reviews from audience and critics. [[Idlebrain.com|''Idlebrain'']] rated it 3.25/5 and ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3.5/5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pratinidhi review by jeevi - Telugu cinema review - |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/pratinidhi.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pratinidhi Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pratinidhi-movie-review/movie-review/34231120.cms |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
A [[Spiritual successor|spiritual sequel]] titled ''[[Prathinidhi 2]]'', directed by Murthy Devagupthapu was announced in July 2023. The film was later theatrically released on 10 May 2024 and became a [[box-office disappointment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box office - Krishnamma and Prathinidhi 2 end as big flops, post dismal collections |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/box-office-krishnamma-and-prathinidhi-2-end-as-big-flops-post-dismal-collections/28b6c1e764858 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521181009/https://www.ottplay.com/news/box-office-krishnamma-and-prathinidhi-2-end-as-big-flops-post-dismal-collections/28b6c1e764858 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3685680}}

[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sai Karthik]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]

Dear Maya

2026-03-02T09:38:33Z

AyushAmar: Page refined with updated information

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dear Maya
| image = Dear_Maya_-_Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Sunaina Bhatnagar
| producer = Shobhna Yadav Sandeep Leyzell
| writer = Sunaina Bhatnagar '''Dialogues:''' Sanjeev Dutta
| starring = [[Manisha Koirala]] [[Shreya Chaudhry]] [[Madiha Imam]]
| music = [[Anupam Roy]] Sandman
| cinematography = Sayak Bhattacharya
| editing = [[Aarti Bajaj]]
| studio = Bake My Cake Films
| distributor = Wave Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|2017|06|02|df=y}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Dear Maya''''' is a 2017 Indian drama film directed by Sunaina Bhatnagar in her debut feature. The film stars [[Manisha Koirala]] in the title role of a lonely woman residing in the hill town of [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Newcomers [[Shreya Chaudhry]] and [[Madiha Imam]] play supporting roles and filmmaker [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] makes a special appearance in the film which released theatrically on 2 June 2017.

==Plot==
The film opens into the lives of teenage girls Anna and Ira, students at a convent (Catholic) school in [[Shimla]]. They are particularly close and divide their daytime between school and romance novels and boys and, occasionally, sleepovers. They are very intrigued by their reclusive middle-aged neighbor Maya Devi, who lives alone in a large house (with her two dogs) and rarely goes out. Anna's mother explains that Maya Devi lost her father early and lived in that house with her chacha (father's brother) and mother. Maya Devi was, and still is, a beautiful girl, but her chacha constantly thwarted her marriage (by berating her and chasing away suitors). This was because he stood to inherit her estate. In time he died, and Maya resigned herself to a dreary and solitary life.

Ira devises a plan to write love letters to Maya. The girls hope that this prank may bring some light into Maya's life. They write letters, vivid and touching and steamy, pretending to be a former suitor, now in Delhi, still pining for Maya. Ira takes the prank further by breaking into Maya's house one evening to steal a photograph. This goes badly; Ira breaks her ankle, as does Maya's maid; the girls are reprimanded, and Anna is tasked with filling in for the maid until the maid recovers. During this time, Anna gets a little closer to Maya. The letters still arrive, and Anna observes that Maya becomes happier with each new letter.

One day Maya stuns everyone by announcing that she is selling the house and moving to Delhi to find the letter writer, her long lost suitor. Anna discovers, to her horror, that the letter which prompted the decision was written by Ira and had an explicit invitation. She runs to dissuade Maya but is unable to do so. She confides in her mother. Anna is reprimanded and sent away to boarding school, away from Ira. Anna leaves without saying goodbye to Ira and they never speak again. Ira is shattered.

Torn by the guilt of her prank, Anna makes it her mission to find Maya in Delhi. Over the next six years, she sticks posters, makes phone calls, and follows every lead to find Maya. She finds a boyfriend, Rahul, who ultimately proposes to her but she is unable to accept. She returns to Shimla to discuss this with her parents. Ira visits her, but Anna is still angry and turns her away. Ira is profusely sorry and persists and ultimately accompanies Anna back to Delhi. Anna is still mad at Ira for her selfish and childish behaviour which likely destroyed Maya's life, but Ira reveals that she, too, had fallen in love with Shimla and had lost her love to a motor accident, and now, having lost love, is fully aware of the true consequences of her pranks. Anna forgives Ira and persuades her to transfer to a college in Delhi. But Ira decides to return to Shimla. As Anna bids goodbye to Ira at the train station, she receives a phone call from Maya.

The girls hurry to meet Maya. To their astonishment, they find her, bright and sparkling and happy, at the zoo garden. Maya reveals her story. She had arrived in Delhi and tried to trace the letter writer but found nothing. Instead, over time, she found that Delhi and the world outside Shimla were not so frightening after all. People were helpful and kind. And she eventually met a kind and charming man who owned a jewelry shop. In time she became close to this man, Ved, and they married. And today Maya is blissfully happy with her Ved. The letters changed her life, and she tells them to say 'yes' to life. Anna and Ira are stunned. They joyfully hug Maya, and she embraces them and invites them to call at any time.

The film ends as Anna accepts Rahul's proposal and Ira transfers to a college in Delhi.

==Cast==
*[[Manisha Koirala]] as Maya Devi
*[[Shreya Chaudhry]] as Ira
*[[Madiha Imam (actress)|Madiha Imam]] as Anna
*[[Iravati Harshe]] as Anna's Mother
*[[Reuben Israel]] as Anna's Father
*[[Sahil Shroff]] as Rahul
*[[Rohit Suresh Saraf]] as Neal
*[[Madhu Rajesh]] as Ira's Mother
*Sahiba Bali as Radha
*[[Jared Savaille]] as Maya Devi's son
* Naila Grewal as Hostel Roommate
*[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] as Ved (special appearance)

==Production==
''Dear Maya'' was written and directed by [[debutante]] director Sunaina Bhatnagar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spotted: Manisha Koirala on 'Dear Maya' sets in Shimla|url=http://m.mid-day.com/articles/spotted-manisha-koirala-on-dear-maya-sets-in-shimla/17104193|website=[[Mid-Day]]|accessdate=8 May 2017|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> The film marked the return of actress [[Manisha Koirala]], who was on sabbatical from the film industry after being diagnosed with cancer.<ref name="comeback">{{cite web|title=Dear Maya Trailer: Manisha Koirala's film is about a lonely woman's search for love|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dear-maya-trailer-manisha-koiralas-film-is-about-a-lonely-woman-search-for-love-4642247/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=8 May 2017|date=5 May 2017|archive-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610002049/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dear-maya-trailer-manisha-koiralas-film-is-about-a-lonely-woman-search-for-love-4642247/|url-status=live}}</ref> It also features debutante actress Shreya Chaudhary and [[Madiha Imam]] in pivotal supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dear Maya|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/upcomingreleases/bollywood/Dear+Maya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505201453/http://www.sify.com/movies/upcomingreleases/bollywood/Dear+Maya|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2017|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Principal photography for the film took place in [[Loreto Convent, Tara Hall]], [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] in March 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/manisha-koirala-shooting-her-next-film-in-shimla/|title=Manisha Koirala shooting her next film in Shimla|date=31 March 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-date=14 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514133616/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/manisha-koirala-shooting-her-next-film-in-shimla/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Marketing and release==
The three-minutes long trailer for the film was released on [[YouTube]] on 5 May 2017, to positive response from critics and audience.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manisha Koirala is back with Dear Maya trailer|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/manisha-koirala-is-back-with-dear-maya-trailer/story-u72hVKcfTFOQtlbv8odxVP.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=10 May 2017|date=5 May 2017|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510074141/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/manisha-koirala-is-back-with-dear-maya-trailer/story-u72hVKcfTFOQtlbv8odxVP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Manisha Koirala's ability to play versatile roles was met with praise; as noted by a commentator from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' it was a perfect comeback for Koirala who is, "doing what she does best, playing interesting characters onscreen". The film had its theatrical release on 2 June 2017 in India.<ref name="comeback"/>
The film had limited screen shows as it only screened on 75 screens. It clashed with seven films at the box office.

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Dear Maya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anupam Roy]] & SandMan
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2017|5|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/dear-maya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/id1238106527 |title=Dear Maya (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[ITunes Store|iTunes]]}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:04
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The soundtrack of '''Dear Maya''' was composed by [[Anupam Roy]] & SandMan, while the lyrics were written by [[Irshad Kamil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtDQFSL5_Fg |title=Dear Maya - Full Movie Audio Jukebox |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=10 August 2017 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831073406/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtDQFSL5_Fg&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=21|s=04}}
| title1 = Saat Rangon Se
| extra1 = [[Rekha Bhardwaj]]
| music1 = [[Anupam Roy]]
| length1 = 04:37
| title2 = Sune Saaye
| extra2 = [[Harshdeep Kaur]]
| music2= Anupam Roy
| length2= 05:08
| title3= Kehne Ko
| extra3= [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| music3= Anupam Roy
| length3= 04:26
| title4 = Saat Rangon Se (Acoustic)
| extra4 = Anupam Roy
| music4 = Anupam Roy
| length4= 04:35
| title5= Buri Buri
|extra5= [[Rashi Mal]]
| music5= SandMan
| length5= 02:16
| title6= Background Score
|extra6= [[Anupam Roy]]
| music6= [[Anupam Roy]]
| length6= 09:24
}}

==Reception==
Upon release in India, ''Dear Maya'' received a mixed response. There was praise for Koirala's performance, but criticism of its overstretched narrative.<ref name="singh">{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Suhani|title=Dear Maya movie review: Manisha Koirala is the star in this mawkish coming-of-age story|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala-980597-2017-06-02|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606022336/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala/1/969118.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ghosh">{{cite web|last1=Ghosh|first1=Stutee|title='Dear Maya' Review: Manisha Koirala's Grace Makes It Worth a Watch|url=https://www.thequint.com/movie-reviews/2017/06/02/dear-maya-movie-review|website=[[The Quint]]|accessdate=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130846/https://www.thequint.com/movie-reviews/2017/06/02/dear-maya-movie-review|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gupta">{{cite web|last1=Gupta|first1=Shubhra|title=Dear Maya review: Manisha Koirala's film works in fits and starts|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala-star-rating-4686002/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606074001/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala-star-rating-4686002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bhave">{{cite web|last1=Bhave|first1=Nihit|title=Dear Maya Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dear-maya/movie-review/58946954.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=7 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607030737/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dear-maya/movie-review/58946954.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="verma">{{cite web|last1=Verma|first1=Sukanya|title=Review: Dear Maya: For the love of Manisha Koirala|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/review-dear-maya-for-the-love-of-manisha-koirala/20170602.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409171410/https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/review-dear-maya-for-the-love-of-manisha-koirala/20170602.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="kaushal">{{cite web|last1=Kaushal|first1=Sweta|title=Dear Maya movie review: Manisha Koirala shines like a diamond in a coal mine|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala-shines-like-a-diamond-in-a-coal-mine/story-aGMj0ZcDhQ3V2Ouoyg8zsK.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=7 June 2017|date=2 June 2017|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028003551/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/dear-maya-movie-review-manisha-koirala-shines-like-a-diamond-in-a-coal-mine/story-aGMj0ZcDhQ3V2Ouoyg8zsK.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="firspost">{{cite web|title=Dear Maya, Manisha Koirala's film on the power of epistolary love, says both too much, and too little|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dear-maya-manisha-koiralas-film-on-the-power-of-epistolary-love-says-both-too-much-and-too-little-3519415.html|website=Firstpost|accessdate=7 June 2017|date=5 June 2017|archive-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608064440/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dear-maya-manisha-koiralas-film-on-the-power-of-epistolary-love-says-both-too-much-and-too-little-3519415.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6033536}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dear Maya}}
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]
[[Category:2017 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Shimla]]

Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-24T02:19:34Z

AyushAmar: new new biography needs work

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = Naina Devi Himalayan Bird Conservation Reserve
| iucn_category = IV
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| relief = yes
| mapframe = Yes
| map_alt = Location of Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh
| map_caption = Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary (in Himachal Pradesh)
| label = Naina Devi WS
| mark = Green pog.svg
| location = [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] and [[Mandi district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.308|76.612|region:IN-HP|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref name="HPForest">{{cite web |url=https://hpforest.nic.in/pages/display/59-protected-area-network |title=Protected Area Network – Himachal Pradesh Forest Department |access-date=3 July 2025 |publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref>
| area = {{convert|120.72|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="ENVIS">{{cite web |url=https://hpforest.nic.in/files/Protected_Area_Network.pdf |title=Protected Areas of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=ENVIS Centre on Forestry and Forest Related Livelihoods |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>
| established = 1962<ref name="ENVIS"/>
| governing_body = Himachal Pradesh Forest Department
}}

'''Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a protected area located in the [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. Established in 1962, it spans over {{convert|123|km2|abbr=on}} of forested terrain in the Shivalik range of the outer Himalayas.<ref name="ENVIS"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh |url=https://v1.wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/himachal_pradesh |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=v1.wii.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> Its named after the [[Naina Devi]] temple.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shavi |date=2021-09-25 |title=Everything you need to know about Naina Devi Temple! {{!}} Travel Tips |url=https://blog.oceanstravel.co.uk/naina-devi-temple/ |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Oceans Travel Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Description==
The sanctuary ranges in elevation from 500 m to 1,100 m, encompassing rugged hills and deep valleys dominated by sal and chir pine forests.<ref name="HPForest"/>

==Flora==
The sanctuary supports tropical and subtropical broadleaf forests. Dominant trees include sal (Shorea robusta), khair (Acacia catechu), tun (Toona ciliata), and chir pine (Pinus roxburghii). Flowering and fruit-bearing trees enhance habitat quality for wildlife.<ref name="WII">{{cite web |url=https://wii.gov.in/images/images/documents/publications/naina_devi_report.pdf |title=Biodiversity Assessment of Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |date=2019 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>

A 2024 survey identified 108 forage plant species used by local communities grazing livestock within the sanctuary. Notable high-use taxa include ''Bauhinia variegata, Grewia optiva, Cassia fistula'' and ''Trifolium'' ''repens'', reflecting integration of traditional forage knowledge into local pastoral practices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanjournalofbiomedicalresearch.com/index.php/AJBR/article/view/5667 |title=Documentation and evaluation of forage plants in Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh |publisher=African Journal of Biomedical Research |date=29 December 2024}}</ref>

==Fauna==
The Sanctuary hosts leopards (Panthera pardus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), sambar (Rusa unicolor), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica), and [[Himalayan black bear]] (Ursus thibetanus), among others.<ref name="WII"/>

As a designated Important Bird Area (IBA), Naina Devi supports over 200 bird species including the Indian paradise flycatcher, kalij pheasant, Himalayan bulbul, grey-headed canary flycatcher, and oriental turtle dove.<ref name="BNHS">{{cite web |url=https://ibareports.in/pdf/NainaDevi_IBASite.pdf |title=Naina Devi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>

==Conservation==
The 2019 Wildlife Institute of India study raised concerns over unregulated tourism, habitat fragmentation, and firewood dependence, recommending controlled access, habitat demarcation, community eco-development initiatives, and integration of traditional grazing knowledge into management plans. Additionally, the 2024 forage documentation highlights the value of local forage species in sustaining livestock while maintaining ecosystem balance.<ref name="WII"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanjournalofbiomedicalresearch.com/index.php/AJBR/article/view/5667 |title=Documentation and evaluation of forage plants… |publisher=African Journal of Biomedical Research |date=29 December 2024}}</ref>

==Tourism==
Accessible via Swarghat–Bhakra road from Bilaspur (≈30 km), the sanctuary is best visited from October to May. Visitor entry is overseen by the Himachal Forest Department.<ref name="HPForest"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://hpforest.nic.in/pages/display/59-protected-area-network Protected Area Network – Himachal Pradesh Forest Department]
* [https://wii.gov.in/images/images/documents/publications/naina_devi_report.pdf Biodiversity Report – Wildlife Institute of India]
* [https://ibareports.in/pdf/NainaDevi_IBASite.pdf IBA Factsheet – Bombay Natural History Society]

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Karnala Bird Sanctuary

2026-02-22T23:58:27Z

AyushAmar: formatting fix

{{Short description|Bird sanctuary in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{cleanup reorganize|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Karnala Bird Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Karnala 006.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The Karnala fort pinnacle, around which the sanctuary is located
| image_size =
| map = India Maharashtra#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = [[Panvel]] taluka, [[Raigad District]], Maharashtra, India
| nearest_city = [[Panvel]] and [[Khopoli]]
| coordinates = {{coord|18|54|31|N|73|6|9|E|display=inline, title}}
| area_km2 = 446
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = Maharashtra State Forest Department
| url =
}}
The '''Karnala Bird Sanctuary''' is located in [[Panvel]] Taluka of [[Raigad District]], outside [[Mumbai]], [[India]] near [[Matheran]] and [[Karjat]].It is the first bird sanctuary in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Quick Getaways: Visit the Karnala Bird Sanctuary in Maharashtra for an exotic experience |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/travel/quick-getaways-visit-the-karnala-bird-sanctuary-in-maharashtra-for-an-exotic-experience/articleshow/52760065.cms |access-date=2022-12-13}}</ref> The sanctuary is quite small with an area of 12.11 square kilometres but is, along with the [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]] and [[Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]], one of the few sanctuaries to be within reach of the city of [[Mumbai]].

==Location==
The sanctuary is centered on the historic [[Karnala Fort]] and lies just off the [[Mumbai]]-[[Pune]] national highway to [[Goa]]. It is located 12 km from [[Panvel]]. The nearest railhead is [[Panvel]]. Regular buses at an interval of 30 minutes are available from Panvel Bus Stand from 5:00 am to 8:00 pm. The sanctuary is open for visitors from 7am to 3pm. There are many hotels and resorts located near the sanctuary. There are two government rest houses inside the sanctuary area.

==About==
The bird sanctuary is a popular destination for bird-watchers and [[hikers]] in the Mumbai area.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |date=2019-04-24 |title=Visiting Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Headlines of Today |url=https://www.headlinesoftoday.com/topic/visiting-karnala-bird-sanctuary.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119081846/https://www.headlinesoftoday.com/topic/visiting-karnala-bird-sanctuary.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The sanctuary is home to over 222 species birds of which 161 are resident species, 46 are winter [[Migratory bird|migrant species]], three are breeding migrants, seven species are passage migrants and five species are vagrant.<ref name="auto">[[:File:Birds of Karnala Bird Sanctuary, District Raigad, Maharashtra.pdf|Checklist of birds of Karnala Bird Sanctuary, District Raigad, Maharashtra published in Newsletter for Birdwatchers]]</ref> Following eight species endemic to [[Western Ghats]] has been found in Karnala: [[Grey-fronted Green-pigeon]] (Treron affinis), [[Nilgiri Woodpigeon]] (Columba elphinstonii), [[Blue-winged parakeet|Malabar (Blue-winged) Parakeet]] (Psittacula columboides), [[Malabar Grey Hornbill]] (Ocyceros griseus), [[White-cheeked Barbet]] (Megalaima viridis), [[Malabar Lark]] (Galerida malabarica), Small Sunbird ([[Leptocoma minima]]) and Vigor's Sunbird ([[Aethopyga vigorsii]]).<ref name="auto"/>
Five rare birds, the [[ashy minivet]], [[three-toed kingfisher]], [[Malabar trogon]], [[Slaty-legged Crake (Rallina eurizonoides)]], and [[Rufous-bellied Eagle (Lophotriorchis kienerii)]] have been sighted here.<ref name="auto"/> The Sanctuary is also an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) satisfying A1 (Globally threatened species) and A2 (Restricted-range species) criteria.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas in India Priority sites for conservation. Vol 1 & 2|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society, BirdLife International & RSPB, UK|year=2016|isbn=978-93-84678-02-9|pages=1284–1287}}</ref> The sanctuary is also home to 114 species of butterflies.<ref>[[:File:Butterflies of Karnala Bird Sanctuary Kasambe BIONOTES 2016.pdf|thumb|Butterflies of Karnala Bird Sanctuary Kasambe BIONOTES 2016]]</ref>

The [[Karnala fort]] is located on the top of the hill in the sanctuary. It is about 1hr. medium hard trek to Karnala fort.

There was a sighting of a [[leopard]] at Karnala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-leopard-sighted-at-karnala-sanctuary-2195616|title=Leopard sighted at Karnala sanctuary|first=Virat A.|last=Singh|date=30 March 2016|website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/trekkers-villagers-on-alert-due-to-leopard-sighting-near-karnala-sanctuary/articleshow/51622133.cms|title=Trekkers, villagers on alert due to leopard sighting near Karnala sanctuary | Mumbai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=30 March 2016 }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Karnala bird santuary 1.jpg|Sanctuary
File:Karnala bird santuary 2.jpg|Bird view tower
File:KarnalaWS.jpg|Forest from the top of fort
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Karnala Bird Sanctuary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419070750/http://www.thanewildlife.org/ www.thanewildlife.org] - Official website of Maharashtra Government

[[Category:North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

Maharaja Krushna Chandra High School

2026-02-22T11:47:41Z

AyushAmar: new some entry basic info!

{{Infobox school
| name = Maharaja Krushn Chandra High School, Baripada
| image =
| motto =
| established = {{Start date and age|1889|paren=yes|br=yes}}
| type =
| affiliation =
| grades = Class 6th to 10th
| president =
| principal =
| head_of_school =
| dean =
| faculty =
| staff =
| enrollment =
| campus_type =
| campus_size =
| location = [[Baripada]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord | 21.937762|86.728422}}
| website =
}}

'''Maharaja Krushna Chandra High School, Baripada''', locally better known as '''MKC High School''', is a high school in [[Baripada]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=M.K.C.Hs Secondary School, Baripada - Address, Reviews, Fees and Admissions 2022 |url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/m-k-c-hs-plp90z |website=iCBSE |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> The high school was established in 1889.<ref>[http://www.odisha.gov.in/schooleducation/pdf/school.xls List of Schools], Department of School & Mass Education, Government of Odisha</ref><ref>[http://www.orissa-tourism.com/portal/Destinations/Others/Baripada.aspx Baripada]</ref> It is one of the oldest government schools in Odisha.

== Notable==
* [[Uttam Mohanty]], an actor in Odia language films
* [[Bijay Mohanty]], an actor in Odia language films<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/ShowEntertainmentNews.asp?id=62920|title=Noted Odia actor Bijay Mohanty to be honoured with the Popular 12th Fit Fat Bioscope Award 2015 }}</ref>
* [[Jogesh Pati]], an Indian-American theoretical physicist at the University of Maryland, USA
* [[Raghunath Murmu]], an Indian Santali writer and educator. He developed the Ol Chiki script for Santali language.

== See also ==
* [[Board of Secondary Education, Odisha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Teachers list==

{{Empty section|date=February 2026}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.odisha.gov.in/schooleducation/Index.html Department of School & Mass Education, Government of Odisha]

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1889]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Odisha]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in India]]

Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district

2026-02-21T07:55:42Z

AyushAmar: revise

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Chhattisgarh|District]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = Bilaspur
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 10 February 2020
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gaurella]]
| officer type =
| officer name =
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 2307.39
| area_footnotes = <ref name="goc2020"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 336,420
| population_footnotes = <ref name="districtcensus"/>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 55.92%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 997
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 49511x (Gaurela Pendra Marwahi)<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Chhattisgarh/Gaurella-pendra-marwahi/ Gaurela Pendra Marwahi]</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://gaurela-pendra-marwahi.cg.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = Jungle Crossing.jpg
| image_caption = Achanakmaar Tiger reserve
| subdivision_name3 = श्रीमती लीना कमलेश मंडावी (भा.प्र.से.)
| subdivision_type3 = Collector and District magistrate
| subdivision_type4 = Lok Sabha constituency
| subdivision_name4 = Korba 04, Bilaspur 05
| subdivision_type5 = Legislative assembly
| subdivision_name5 = Marwahi 24, Kota 25
}}
'''Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district''' is a district in the [[India]]n state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. [[Gaurella]] is the headquarters of the district. It was carved out of [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]] and inaugurated in February 2020.<ref>"[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bhupesh-baghel-inaugurates-gaurela-pendra-marwahi-chhattisgarh-district-1645156-2020-02-11 Bhupesh Baghel inaugurates Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi as Chhattisgarh's 28th district]," India Today, Feb 11, 2020</ref><ref name="goc2020">"[https://gaurela-pendra-marwahi.cg.gov.in/about-district/ About Gaurela-Penra-Marwahi District]," Government of Chhattisgarh, 2020</ref>

== Geography ==
Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district is bordered by [[Koriya district|Koriya]] and [[Korba district|Korba]] districts to the east, [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] and [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]] districts to the south, and [[Anuppur district]] of Madhya Pradesh to the northwest. The district is predominantly mountainous.<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-07-03|title=आज हम जानेंगे छत्तीसगढ़ के नवगठित गौरेला पेंड्रा मरवाही के बारे में|url=https://qanswer.in/today-we-will-know-about-the-newly-formed-gaurela-pendra-marwahi-of-chhattisgarh/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=हिंदी में जानकारी|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707161012/https://qanswer.in/today-we-will-know-about-the-newly-formed-gaurela-pendra-marwahi-of-chhattisgarh/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==list of collectors & district magistrate==
1. Sikha Singh Rajput Tiwari [IAS][ special duty officer]

2. Doman Singh [Promoted IAS]

3. Namrata Gandhi [IAS]

4. Recha Prakash Choudhary [IAS]

5. Priyanka Rishi Mahoba [IAS]

6. leena Kamlesh Mandvi [IAS]

== History ==
The area of Pendra Zamindari in the newly formed district of Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi was 774 square miles and it had 225 villages under it. Two brothers named Hindu Singh and Chhindu Singh lived under the protection of the Kalchuri king of Ratnapur. They found a sack full of money lying on the side of the road which they gave to the king. The king was pleased with their honesty and gave them the Pendra Zamindari as a reward. This Zamindari had been in their family for 12 generations. Hindu Singh's dynasty progressed greatly from Pandrivana i.e. Pendra. Within 80 and 100 years, his descendants became the officers of Kenda, Uparoda, Matin. Even during the rule of the Marathas, they continued to enjoy their Zamindari till 1798. In 1818, when Colonel Agnew came as the Superintendent of Chhattisgarh, he handed over the Zamindari to Ajit Singh, a descendant of the old officer. In the Maratha period, Pendra Garh was an important centre of Pindharis. In this region, there were Pindare dacoits who used to attack Ratanpur and Jabalpur. Due to them, this region was called Pindara which has now become Pendra.

The first newspaper of Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh Mitra, was published as a monthly magazine from Pendra in the year 1900 under the editorship of Pandit Madhavrao Sapre. District Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi is famous not only in the state of Chhattisgarh but also in the whole of India due to its unique features like quality of rice and tribal cultural background.

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Chhattisgarh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11368/download/14481/DDW22C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|94.10}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|chartreuse|2.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Chhattisgarh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.53}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.43}}
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, the district had a population of 3,36,420. Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district has a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 55.92%. 32,285 (9.60%) live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20,802 (6.18%) and 192,073 (57.09%) of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Bilaspur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/354/download/1064/DH_2011_2207_PART_A_DCHB_BILASPUR.pdf |website = censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value1 = 74.59 |color1 = peachpuff
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 23.48 |color2 = orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.93 |color3 = grey
}}

According to the 2011 census, 74.59% of the district speaks [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] and 23.48% speaks [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Chhattisgarh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10198/download/13310/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2200.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
'''Achanakmaar Tiger reserve''' (achanakmar forest guest house, sal valley resort, Lamni forest rest house, chhaparwa forest rest house, Sonbhadra tourist resort amadob, the royal river resort amadob)

'''Achankmaar Biosphere Reserve'''

'''Marhimata mandir bhanwartank'''

Pandav goofa dhanpur

durga mandir dhanpur

kali mandir pendra

RAJ MAHAL PENDRA

baba hazrat saiyad insan ali dargah larkeni

Benibaai dhhobhar

Kabir ka chabutra keochi (chher chhera resort)

Jaleswardham

mai ki bagiya

Durgadhara

thath pathra

Laxman Dhara

Lakshman Ghat khardi

Gangnai dam nature camp salhekota

Jhojha waterfall basti

Jogi Goofa lamna

sonkund sonmuda

malaniya dam pakariya

Rajmergarh hilltop

Amreswar mahadev mandir

== See also ==
* [[List of districts of Chhattisgarh|Districts of Chhattisgarh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Bilaspur division]]

Leslie de Noronha

2026-02-20T14:37:30Z

AyushAmar: new a details with sources

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
'''Leslie de Noronha''' was an Indian writer, medical doctor, and music critic.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&q=%22Leslie+de+Noronha%22&pg=PA75 |title= Composers of music, singers and artistes (in ''Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present'') |author=J. Clement Vaz |website=scholar.google.com |year= 1997 |publisher= Concept Publishing Company|isbn= 9788170226192 |access-date=28 Oct 2015 |quote=}}</ref> He is one of the early Indian writers in English.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.culture.region.india.goa/115215 |title=Re: Dr. Leslie de Noronha |author=Frederick Noronha |date= |website=Goanet |publisher= |access-date=28 Oct 2015 |quote=}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is of [[Goan]] origin.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Noronha has himself described ''The Dew Drop Inn'' as "not a political or historical story, neither a love story" and has said that he conceived of the idea and planned it in 1958, while in New York. He added: "Then, on December 18th, 1961, the [[Annexation of Goa|Indian militia entered Goa]] and, after 36 hours that electrified the world, the mighty [[Portuguese Empire]] came crashing down with the maximum of drama possible. And I found myself with the MS [manuscript] of what was overnight virtually a historical novel."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/goanet-news-backup/conversations/messages/1734 |title= Goa in creative writing |author1=Noronha, F. |author2=D'Mello, P |date= |website=GoaResearchNet |publisher= |access-date=28 Oct 2015 |quote=}}</ref>

==Reception==
Critic [[Peter Nazareth]], who wrote a review of ''The Dew Drop Inn'' that was published in ''[[World Literature Today]]'' writes, "The Dew Drop Inn is a sequel to The Mango and the Tamarind Tree, published in 1970 though completed a decade earlier. The protagonist of Leslie de Noronha's first novel, a journalist living in England and reporting on events such as the assassination of Mrs. Gandhi, the Bhopal tragedy, and AIDS in India, reappears in "The Book of Raoul Albuquerque," which summarizes what happened earlier, including the breakup of the love of Raoul and Estelle, born in Nairobi."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nazareth |first1=Peter |title=The Dew Drop Inn by Leslie de Noronha |journal=World Literature Today, Focus on Luisa Valenzuela (Autumn, 1995) |volume=69 |page=871-872 |doi=10.2307/40151814 |jstor=40151814 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40151814|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''The Dew Drop Inn'' significantly covers homosexuality as the theme of desire which appears in the book through a Character named Steven, who later commits suicide after he is drugged and raped by Edwin, Claude and Jake.

Sandeep Bakshi describes the novel thus: "[S]et in both independent India and Britain, it (''The Dew Drop Inn'') intertwines the stories of a wide array of people, and functions, in a manner akin to Scott’s novels, as an archive of the end-of-the-Raj society."<ref>Bakshi, Sandeep. "Past matters: Queer contestations of colonial masculinity in Leslie de Noronha’s The Dew Drop Inn and Shyam Selvadurai’s Cinnamon Gardens." ''Journal of Postcolonial Writing'' 51.5 (2015): 543-555, 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2015.1066411</ref>

The author was a doctor in England. He believes in the advice he once received there: that a trivial incident can change a life. This happens in the book too. Shantimarg is a fictitious montage of "all [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] hill stations". Medical colleges at [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and [[London]] get featured here too. This book in part is "to a great extent autobiographical, if highly dramatized". ''The Mango and the Tamarind Tree'' was Noronha's earlier novel.

Another of his publications, Poems, was published by the Writers' Workshop in 1965.

Agarwal and Sinha comment: "With a growing interest in Indian English literature, there has been a sudden spurt of fiction, many of them first novels during the nineteen seventies. Notable among those novelists are — BK Karanjia, Leslie de Noronha, Timeri Murari, ...".<ref>Agrawal, B. R., and M. P. Sinha. ''Major Trends in the Post-Independence Indian English Fiction''. Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2003.</ref>

Donna J Young describes his novel ''The Mango and the Tamarind Tree'' as offering an "insight into the feelings of Goans who had a Portuguese identity that changed into a Goan one after the end of the colonial period. On the surface, the novel deals with the affluent but disintegrating Albuquerque family. In reality, De Noronha is showing the disintegration of Portuguese identity in Goa by having the novel’s main character Raoul break with many traditions. He refuses to go through an arranged marriage, falls in love with a woman from a lower class, and he sells the family home after his mother’s death. Raoul’s
heritage is his enemy. It kept him from marrying the woman he loved and from the international career he loved. By giving up his traditions Raoul symbolizes Goans giving up Portuguese traditions and shows the upheaval that frequently accompanies major political change and the reaction to it...."

His work is included in ''The Golden Treasury of Indo-Anglian Poetry, 1828-1965'', edited by Vinayak Krishna Gokak.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC&q=%22Leslie+de+Noronha%22&pg=PA366 |title= The Golden Treasury of Indo-Anglian Poetry, 1828-1965 |editor=Vinayak Krishna Gokak |year= 1970 |publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn= 9788126011964 |access-date=28 Oct 2015 |quote=}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
His works include:

* ''The Dew Drop Inn'', Writers Workshop greenbird book. 1994. Original from the University of Michigan digitized on 29 May 2008. {{ISBN|8171897304}}, 9788171897308. 297 pp.
* "FROM 'THE MANGO AND THE TAMARIND TREE'." ''Journal of South Asian Literature'' (1983): 7-13.

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=GMNlAAAAMAAJ The Dew Drop Inn, Writers Workshop, 1994, on books.google.co.in]
*[http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=Leslie+de+Noronha&btnG=Search+Books Noronha's books via books.google.com]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:de Norontha, L slie}}
[[Category:Novelists from Goa]]

Siddhartha Roy

2026-02-12T02:44:32Z

AyushAmar: added new details more to come

{{short description|Indian scientist (born 1954)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Siddhartha Roy
| image = SR picture.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|4|1}}
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Structural biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[National Institutes of Health]] | [[Bose Institute]] | [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Presidency College, Calcutta|Presidency College]] ([[University of Calcutta]]) | [[University of Delaware]] | [[Brandeis University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = Roberta Colman
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on gene expression using the operator-repressor system of [[bacteriophage lambda]] macromolecular interactions leading to high fidelity of [[protein synthesis]]
| awards = 1999 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|USDHHS]] Meritorious Service Award
}}

'''Siddhartha Roy''' (born 1 April 1954) is an Indian [[structural biologist|Chemical and Structural biologist]], [[biophysicist|biophysicist, former]] director of the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on IICB">{{cite web | url=http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/sbbi/iicbdirector/index.html | title=Siddhartha Roy on IICB | publisher=Indian Institute of Chemical Biology | date=2016 | accessdate=14 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023160542/http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/sbbi/iicbdirector/index.html | archive-date=23 October 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the former director (officiating) of [[Bose Institute]]. Widely known for his studies on [https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Regulation Gene Regulation], [[Peptidomimetics]], [[bacteriophage lambda]] and [[protein synthesis]],<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=23 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> he is an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="Fellow profile - Roy">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Roy,_Prof._Siddhartha | title=Fellow profile - Roy | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P05-1400 | title=Indian fellow - Roy | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> In 1999, the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], for his contributions to Biological sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=201 | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Early life, education and career ==
Roy was born in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].

He completed his schooling at [[Ballygunge Government High School]], then obtained a first class honours degree in chemistry (BSc Hons) from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] in 1974 and did his doctoral studies at the [[University of Delaware]] under the guidance of Prof. [[Roberta F. Colman]] to secure a PhD in 1981.<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> His post-doctoral studies were at [[Brandeis University]] at the laboratory of [[Alfred G. Redfield#:~:text=Redfield (March 11, 1929 –,the realm of semiclassical physics.|Prof. Alfred Redfield]] (1981–82) and at the [[National Institutes of Health]] (1982–86).

Returning to India in 1986, he joined Bose Institute, [[Kolkata]] as a senior lecturer in the department of biophysics.<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> He served the Institute till 2004 holding positions of Reader and then Professor of Biophysics when he moved to the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] (IICB) as its director.<ref name="CV on IICB">{{cite web | url=http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/sbbi/iicbdirector/cv.html | title=CV on IICB | publisher=Indian Institute of Chemical Biology | date=2016 | accessdate=14 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113182708/http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/sbbi/iicbdirector/cv.html | archive-date=13 November 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> After completing 10 years as the director of IICB, he returned to Bose Institute in 2014 as a senior professor and dean of studies. While at IICB, he has served the nation in several different high-level capacities such as the founder-director-in-charge of the [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata]] (NIPER) (2007–14), the cluster director of 11 Biological institutes of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) (2009–14), member of the governing body of the CSIR and as a visiting professor at [[Osaka University]] (2012).<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute">{{cite web | url=http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/sidroy/ | title=Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute | publisher=Bose Institute | date=2016 | accessdate=14 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018203122/http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/sidroy/ | archive-date=18 October 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> He has served as the president of the West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology. He is the founder-president of the Chemical Biology Society of India. He currently serves as a member of the board of directors of the International [https://www.chemical-biology.org/ Chemical Biology Society]. He also served as the director (officiating) of Bose Institute during the critical Centenary year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bose Institute Newsletter 2017|url=http://www.jcbose.ac.in/assets/uploads/0bb473318f4c9aacfec720f14ab32947.pdf}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} In addition, Roy played the very crucial role as an advisory committee member to successfully conduct the 'International Conference on Genome Biology 2019' hosted by the School of Biological Sciences (SBS), [[Madurai Kamaraj University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readkong.com/page/school-of-biological-sciences-madurai-kamaraj-university-6308630|title= School of Biological Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai - 625021, India|publisher= School of Biological Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University|access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref>

== Research ==
Roy's researches during his stint in the US was on [[protein folding]] and [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] studies of DNA<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> and those researches identified the first [[hydropathy]] model which helped in predicting the exteriors and interiors of proteins by analyzing sequence information.<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute" /> He is also reported to have performed the complete assignment of a ''nucleic acid imino proton spectra'' using [[Nuclear Overhauser effect]], ''regio-specific isotope labeling of sugars in nucleic acids'' and working along with [[Ad Bax]] and R. H. Griffey, developed an indirect [[Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|2D-NMR detection method]], all reported to be for the first time.<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute" /> Later focusing his attention on [[bacteriophage lambda]], he studied the gene expression of the bacterial virus using its operator-repressor system.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | accessdate=5 October 2016 | pages=34}}</ref> Through his collaborative work with Sankar Adhya in 1998, he elucidated the role of differential contact in the transcription regulation mechanism and demonstrated the theory in many [[genetic regulatory circuit]]s.<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> His current work is focused on [[peptide]] [[therapeutics]]<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute" /> and he holds patents for some of his work.<ref name="Method for treatment of bronchial asthma">{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302661432 | title=Method for treatment of bronchial asthma (Patent US8519154B2) | author=Sibabrata Mukhopadhyay, Mumu Chakraborty, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Dipak Kar, Tanima Banerjee, Aditya Konar, Debaprasad Jana, Siddhartha Roy, Santu Bandyopadhyay, Balram Ghosh, Mabalirajan Ulaganathan, Rakesh Johri, Subhash Sharma, Gurdarshan Singh, Bholanath Paul, Vasanta Madhava Sharma Gangavaram, Jhillu Singh Yadav, Radha Krishna Palakodety | date=August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Peptide antagonists for inhibiting heat shock protein (Hsp 16.3) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis">{{cite web | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263923674 | title=Peptide antagonists for inhibiting heat shock protein (Hsp 16.3) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Patent 7569537) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=15 October 2016 | author=Sujoy K Das Gupta, Abhik Saha, Archana Sharma, Siddhartha Roy, Bhabatarak Bhattacharya}}</ref><ref name="Substituted catechols as inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 for the treatment of bronchial asthma">{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256473566 | title=Substituted catechols as inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 for the treatment of bronchial asthma (WO Patent 2,012,140,574) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=15 October 2016 | author=S. Bandyopadhay, B. Ghosh, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Bikas C Pal, Siddhartha Roy, Nath Paul, Arjun Ram, U. Mabalirajan, Nahid Ali, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Aditya Konar, J. B. Chakraborty, I. C. Mukherjee, Jaydeep Chaudhuri, Sanjit Kumar Mahato, A. Manna, Roma Sinha, Pradyot Bhattacharya, J. Vinayagam, Sudeshna Chowdhury | doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2784.6488}}</ref>

Roy has published his research work through a number of articles published in peer-reviewed journals{{Refn|group=note|Please see Selected bibliography section}} and [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific papers, has listed 155 of them.<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on ResearchGate">{{cite web | url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Siddhartha_Roy5 | title=Siddhartha Roy on ResearchGate | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> He is the Co-author of "Chemical Biology of the Genome" published by Elsevier/AP. He is a joint editor of Subcellular Biochemistry, volume on Proteins: Structure, Function, and Engineering published by Plenum Press, New York, USA and Protein-Protein interaction Regulators published by Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. He has guided around 30 scholars in their doctoral studies.<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> When the Chemical Biology Society of India was formed in 2013, he became its founder president and holds the position.<ref name="Present Council CBS">{{cite web | url=http://iicb.res.in/chemical_biology_society/pc.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330104444/http://iicb.res.in/chemical_biology_society/pc.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-03-30 | title=Present Council CBS | publisher=Chemical Biology Society of India | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016 }}</ref> He is a former president of the West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology and is its incumbent vice president.<ref name="Present Council WAST">{{cite web | url=http://www.iicb.res.in/wast/present_council.html | title=Present Council WAST | publisher=West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
The [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] elected Roy as their fellow in 1996<ref name="Fellow profile - Roy" /> and the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1999.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees" /> A recipient of the Meritorious Service Award of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]], he was elected by the [[Indian National Science Academy]] as a fellow in 2005.<ref name="Indian fellow - Roy" /> In 2007, he was elected as a fellow of the West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology<ref name="WAST fellows">{{cite web | url=http://iicb.res.in/wast/fellow_wast.pdf | title=WAST fellows | publisher=[[West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology]] | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> and he received the J. C. Bose National Fellowship of the [[Science and Engineering Research Board]]<ref name="J. C. Bose National Fellowship">{{cite web | url=http://serb.gov.in/pdfs/research/Contents.pdf | title=J. C. Bose National Fellowship | publisher=Science and Engineering Research Board | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> as well as the Tata Innovation Fellowship of the [[Department of Biotechnology]] the same year.<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute" /> He was also a member of [[Guha Research Conference]] during the years 1992 and 2012.<ref name="Siddhartha Roy on Bose Institute" /> He is a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], UK and has been elected a member of [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (FTWAS).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roy, Siddhartha|url=https://twas.org/directory/roy-siddhartha|access-date=2021-09-01|website=TWAS|language=en}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== Books ==
#Gene Expression and its Regulation—An Evolutionary Perspective by Siddhartha Roy. 2025. Published by Springer-Nature.
#Chemical Biology of the Genome by Siddhartha Roy & Tapas Kundu. 2021. Published by Elsevier/AP.
#Protein-Protein interaction Regulators, edited by Siddhartha Roy & Haian Fu. 2021. Published by Royal Society of Chemistry, UK
#Subcellular Biochemistry, Volume 24 on Proteins: Structure, Function, and Engineering, edited by B B Biswas & Siddhartha Roy. 1995. Published by Plenum Press, New York, USA.

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite journal | title=Conformational Selection Underpins Recognition of Multiple DNA sequences by Proteins and Consequent Functional Actions | author=Gitashri Naiya, Paromita Raha, Manas Mondal, Uttam Pal, Rajesh Saha, Susobhan Choudhury, Subrata Batabyal, Samir Kumar Pal, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Nakul Chandra Maiti, Siddhartha Roy | journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics | date=June 2016 | volume=18 | issue=31 | doi=10.1039/C6CP03278H | pmid=27426617 | pages=21618–21628| bibcode=2016PCCP...1821618N }}
* {{cite journal | title=Ultrafast Differential Flexibility of Cro-protein Binding Domains of Two Operator DNAs with Different Sequences | author=Samir Kumar Pal, Susobhan Choudhury, Basusree Ghosh, Priya Singh, Raka Ghosh, Siddhartha Roy | journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics | date=June 2016 | volume=18 | issue=27 | doi=10.1039/C6CP02522F | pmid=27326896 | pages=17983–17990| bibcode=2016PCCP...1817983C }}
* {{cite journal | title=DNA Damage-Induced Ephrin-B2 Reverse Signaling Promotes Chemoresistance and Drives EMT in Colorectal Carcinoma Harboring Mutant p53 | author=Sk Kayum Alam, Vinod Yadav, Swati Bajaj, Arindam Datta, Shamit Kumar Dutta, Madhumita Bhattacharyya, Santanu Bhattacharya, Subrata Debnath, Siddhartha Roy, Lisa A Boardman, Thomas Smyrk, Julian R. Molina, Saikat Chakrabarty, Shantanu Chowdhury, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Susanta Roychoudhury | journal=Cell Death and Differentiation | date=April 2016 | volume=23 | issue=4 | pages=707–722 | doi=10.1038/cdd.2015.133 | pmid=26494468 | pmc=4986638}}
* {{cite journal | title=A Constrained Helical Peptide Against S100A4 Inhibits Cell Motility in Tumor Cells | author=Gitashri Naiya, Stephanie Kaypee, Tapas Kundu, Siddhartha Roy | journal=Chemical Biology & Drug Design | date=March 2015 | volume=86 | issue=4 | doi=10.1111/cbdd.12553 | pmid=25763457 | pages=945–950| s2cid=30631236 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Drug Discovery Research in India: Current State and Future Prospects | author=Tanjore Balganesh, Tapas Kundu, Tushar Kanti Chakraborty, Siddhartha Roy | journal=ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters | date=July 2014 | volume=5 | issue=7 | pages=724–6 | doi=10.1021/ml500183c| pmc=4094254 | pmid=25050153}}
* {{cite journal | title=Gene regulatory networks and epigenetic modifications in cell differentiation | author=Siddhartha Roy, Tapas Kundu | journal=IUBMB Life | date=February 2014 | volume=66 | issue=2 | doi=10.1002/iub.1249 | pmid=24574067 | pages=100–109| s2cid=205968012 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=Peptide based Molecules as Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors: Tools for Chemical Genetics and Therapy | author=Siddhartha Roy, Piya Ghosh, Neeladri Roy, Abhishek Mazumder, Koushik Roy, Asit Kumar Manna, Shampa Mallick, Israr Ahmed | date=May 2012 | doi=10.2174/2212796811206020145 | volume=6 | issue=2 | journal=Current Chemical Biology | pages=145–163}}
* DNA-Bound p53-DNA-Binding Domain Interconverts between Multiple Conformations: Implications for Partner Protein Recognition. Bhattacharjee, S., Mukherjee, S., and Roy, S.* (2021) '''J Phys Chem B,''' 125, 5832-5837.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03794
* A peptide-based synthetic transcription factor selectively activates transcription in a mammalian cell. Roy, K., Mazumder, A., Ghosh, P., Naiya, G., Ghosh, B., & Roy, S.* (2018) '''Chem Commun'''. 54, 1611-1614.https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC09279B
* A Peptide-based Synthetic Transcription Factor Selectively Down-regulates the Proto-oncogene CFOS in Tumour Cells and Inhibits Proliferation. Chakraborty, M. and Roy, S.* (2016) '''Chem Commun,''' 53, 376-379.https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC08086C
* Specific Sequence of a Beta-turn in Human La Protein May Contribute to Species Specificity of Hepatitis C Virus. Kumar, A., Manna, AK., Ray, U., Mullick, R., Basu, G., Das, S., & Roy, S.* (2014) '''J Virol''', 88, 4319-27. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00049-14
* A Synthetic Peptide Mimic of l-Cro shows Sequence-Specific Binding in vitro and in vivo. Mazumder, A., Maiti, A., Roy, K., & Roy, S.* (2012) '''ACS Chem Biol''', 7, 1084-94. https://doi.org/10.1021/cb200523n
* Peptide-protein interactions suggest that acetylation of lysines 381 and 382 of p53 is important for positive coactivator 4/p53 interaction. Debnath, S., Chatterjee, S., Arif, M., Kundu, TK., & Roy, S.* (2011) '''J Biol Chem,''' 286, 25076-87.https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.205328
* Differential recognition of phosphorylated transactivation domains of p53 by different p300 domains. Polley, S., Guha, S., Roy, NS., Kar, S., Sakaguch,i K., Chuman, Y., Swaminathan, V., Kundu, T., & Roy, S.* (2008) '''J Mol Biol''', 376, 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.082
* Switching DNA-binding specificity by unnatural amino acid substitution. Maiti, A., & Roy, S.* (2005) '''Nucleic Acids Res''', 33, 5896-903. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki899
* Asynchronous basepair openings in transcription initiation: regulation by enhancing the rate limiting step. Roy, S., Lim, HM., & Adhya, S. (2004) '''EMBO J''', 23, 869-75'''.''' https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600098
* Fluorescence quenching methods to study protein-nucleic acid interaction. Roy, S.* (2004) '''Methods Enzymol,''' 379, 175-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(04)79010-2
* 2-Aminopurine as a probe for Basepair opening during Transcription Initiation. Roy, S.* (2003) '''Methods Enzymol,''' 370, 568-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(03)70048-2
* Glutamate counteracts the denaturing effect of urea through its effect on the denatured state. Mandal, AK., Samaddar, S., Banerjee, R., Lahiri, S., Bhattacharyya, A., & Roy, S.* (2003) '''J Biol Chem''', 278, 36077-84. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211207200
* Solvation Change and Ion release During Aminoacylation by Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Bannerjee, R., Mandal, AK., Shah, R., Guha, S., Samaddar, S., Bhattacharyya, A., & Roy, S.* (2003) '''Nucleic Acids Res''', 31, 6035-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg779
* Aib-based peptide backbone as scaffolds for helical peptide mimics. Banerjee, R., Basu, G.,* Roy, S.,* & Chene, P. (2002) '''J Pept Res,''' 60, 88-94.https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3011.2002.201005.x
* DnaK-sigma32 interaction is temperature dependent: Implication for the mechanism of heat-shock response. Chattopadhyay, R., & Roy, S.* (2002) '''J Biol Chem,''' 277, 33641-7. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M203197200
* Effect of phosphorylation on the structure and fold of transactivation domain of p53. Kar S., Sakaguchi, K., Shimohigashi, Y., Samaddar, S., Banerjee, R., Basu, G., Swaminathan, V., Kundu, TK., & Roy, S.* (2002) '''J Biol Chem,''' 277, 15579-85. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M106915200
* Effect of osmolytes and chaperone-like action of P-protein on folding of nucleocapsid protein of Chandipura virus. Majumder A, Basak S, Raha T, Chowdhury SP, Chattopadhyay D, Roy S.* (2001) '''J Biol Chem.''' 276, 30948-55.https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011705200
* A "master" in base unpairing during isomerization of a promoter upon RNA polymerase binding. Lim, HM., Lee, HJ., Roy, S., & Adhya, S. (2001) '''Proc Natl Acad Sci''' '''(U S A),''' 98, 14849-52. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261517398
* Damage-mediated phosphorylation of human p53 threonine 18 through a cascade mediated by a casein 1-like kinase. Effect on Mdm2 binding. Sakaguchi, K., Saito, S., Higashimoto, Y., Roy, S., Anderson, CW., & Appella, E. (2000) '''J Biol Chem,''' 275, 9278-83. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.13.9278
* Interaction of Gal repressor with inducer and operator: induction of gal transcription from repressor-bound DNA. Chatterjee, S., Zhou, YN., Roy, S., & Adhya, S. (1997) '''Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),''' 94 2957-2962. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.7.2957
* A fluorescence anisotropy study of tetramer-dimer equilibrium of l-repressor and its implications for function. Banik, U., Mandal, N.C., Bhattacharyya, B., & Roy, S.* (1993) '''J Biol Chem,''' 268, 3938-3943. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53562-6
* An operator induced conformational change of C-terminal domain of l-repressor. Saha, R., Banik, U., Mandal, N.C., Bhattacharyya, B., & Roy, S.* (1992) '''J Biol Chem''', 267, 5862-5867. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42633-6
* 15N-guanosine-labeled oligonucleotide as probe for protein-nucleic acid interaction in the major groove. Massefski, W., Redfield, AG., Das Sarma, U., Bannerji, A., & Roy, S.* (1990) '''J Am Chem Soc''', 112, 5350-5351. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a052
* Solid state deuterium NMR study of thymidine. Base rigidity and ribose ring flexibility in deoxynucleosides. Hiyama, Y., Roy, S., Cohen, JS. & Torchia, DA. (1989) '''J Am Chem Soc,''' 111, 8609-8613. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00205a008
* New enzymic synthesis of 2'-deoxynucleoside-2',2'-d2 and the determination of sugar ring flexibility by solid-state deuterium NMR. Roy, S.,* Hiyama, Y., Torchia, DA., & Cohen, JS. (1986) '''J Am Chem Soc''', 108, 1675-1678. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00267a043
* NMR study of slowly exchanging protons in yeast tRNAasp. Figueroa, N., Keith, G., Leroy, J.L., Plateau, P., Roy, S., & Gueron, M. (1983) '''Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),''' 80, 4330-4333. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.14.4330
* Nuclear Overhauser effect study of yeast tRNAvalI:Evidence of uridine-Pseudouridine base pairing. Schejter, E., Roy, S., Sanchez, V., & Redfield, AG. (1982) '''Nucleic Acids Res''', 10, 8297-8305. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/10.24.8297
* Procedure for C2 deuteration of nucleic acids and determination of AY 31 pseudouridine conformation by nuclear overhauser effect. Roy, S., Papastavros, M.Z., & Redfield, AG. (1982) '''Nucleic Acids Res''', 10, 8341-8349. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/10.24.8341
* Roy, S., & Redfield, AG. Nuclear Overhauser effect study and assignment of D stem and reverse hoogsteen base pair proton of yeast tRNAasp. (1981) '''Nucleic Acids Res,''' 9, 7073-7083. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/9.24.7073
* Hydrophobic basis of packing in globular proteins. Rose, GD. & Roy, S. (1980) '''Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),''' 77, 4643-4647. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.8.4643

== Patents ==
The list is incomplete.
* {{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302661432 | title=Method for treatment of bronchial asthma (Patent US8519154B2) | author=Sibabrata Mukhopadhyay, Mumu Chakraborty, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Dipak Kar, Tanima Banerjee, Aditya Konar, Debaprasad Jana, Siddhartha Roy, Santu Bandyopadhyay, Balram Ghosh, Mabalirajan Ulaganathan, Rakesh Johri, Subhash Sharma, Gurdarshan Singh, Bholanath Paul, Vasanta Madhava Sharma Gangavaram, Jhillu Singh Yadav, Radha Krishna Palakodety | date=August 2013}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263923674 | title=Peptide antagonists for inhibiting heat shock protein (Hsp 16.3) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Patent 7569537) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=15 October 2016 | author=Sujoy K Das Gupta, Abhik Saha, Archana Sharma, Siddhartha Roy, Bhabatarak Bhattacharya}}
* {{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256473566 | title=Substituted catechols as inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 for the treatment of bronchial asthma (WO Patent 2,012,140,574) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=15 October 2016 | author=S. Bandyopadhay, B. Ghosh, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Bikas C Pal, Siddhartha Roy, Nath Paul, Arjun Ram, U. Mabalirajan, Nahid Ali, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Aditya Konar, J. B. Chakraborty, I. C. Mukherjee, Jaydeep Chaudhuri, Sanjit Kumar Mahato, A. Manna, Roma Sinha, Pradyot Bhattacharya, J. Vinayagam, Sudeshna Chowdhury | doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2784.6488}}
* {{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256473566 | title=Substituted catechols as inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 for the treatment of bronchial asthma (WO Patent 2,012,140,574.) | author=1st S. Bandyopadhay, B. Ghosh, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Bikas C Pal, Siddhartha Roy, Nath Paul, Arjun Ram, U. Mabalirajan, Nahid Ali, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Aditya Konar, J. B. Chakraborty, I. C. Mukherjee, Jaydeep Chaudhuri, Sanjit Kumar Mahato, A. Manna, Roma Sinha, Pradyot Bhattacharya, J. Vinayagam, D. P. Jana, Sudeshna Chowdhury | date=January 2012 | doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2784.6488}}
* {{cite journal | title=Inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 for the treatment of bronchial asthma (Patent 1032DEL2011) | author=1st Subhendu Bandyopadhyay, B. Ghosh, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Bikas C Pal, Siddhartha Roy, Nath Paul, Arjun Ram, U. Mabalirajan, Nahid Ali, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Aditya Konar, J. Bagchi Chakraborty, I. Choudhury Mukherjee, Jaydeep Chaudhuri, Sanjit Kumar Mahato, A. Manna, Roma Sinha, Pradyot Bhattacharya, J. Vinayagam, D. P. Jana, Sudeshna Chowdhury | date=April 2011}}

== See also ==
{{portal|India|Biology|Viruses}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/roy-in-5/#inv_tab_4152799 | title=Patent applications by Siddhartha Roy, Kolkata | publisher=Patent Docs | work=Patent listing | date=2016 | accessdate=15 October 2016}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Siddhartha}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Phage workers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Delaware alumni]]
[[Category:Brandeis University alumni]]
[[Category:National Institutes of Health people]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Osaka University]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]

Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet

2026-02-10T21:46:07Z

AyushAmar: minor edit

{{Short description|British Army general (1860–1929)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|name= Sir Charles Monro
|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|Bt|GCSI|GCMG|KStJ}}
|image= Charlesmonroe.jpg
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1860|6|15|df=y}}
|death_place= [[Westminster]], London, England
|death_date= {{death date and age|1929|12|7|1860|6|15|df=y}}
|birth_place= At sea on the ''Maid of Judah''
|placeofburial=
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[British Army]]
|serviceyears= 1878–1920
|rank= [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|unit= [[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]]
|commands= [[13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|13th Brigade]] [[47th (1/2nd London) Division|2nd London Division]] [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Division]] [[I Corps (United Kingdom)|I Corps]] [[Third Army (United Kingdom)|Third Army]] [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]] [[First Army (United Kingdom)|First Army]] [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]
|battles= [[Second Boer War]] [[World War I|First World War]] [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
|awards= [[Baronet]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
|relations=
|laterwork= [[Governor of Gibraltar]] (1923–1928)
}}
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir Charles Carmichael Monro, 1st Baronet''' (15 June 1860 – 7 December 1929) was a [[British Army]] General in the [[First World War]]. He held the post of [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], in 1916–1920. From 1923 to 1928 he was the [[Governor of Gibraltar]].

==Early military career==
He was the youngest son of Henry Monro and Catherine Power. Educated at [[Sherborne School]] and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], Monro was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] into the [[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)|2nd Regiment of Foot]] as a [[second lieutenant]] on 13 August 1879.<ref name=odnb>{{Cite ODNB |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35068 |title=Monro, Sir Charles Carmichael, baronet (1860–1929), army officer |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35068}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Gen. Sir George |last=Barrow |title=The Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro |year=1931 |location=London |publisher=Hutchinson & Co.}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24751|page=4900|date=12 August 1879}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] on 15 May 1881 and to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 24 July 1889.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25007|page=4347|date=23 August 1881 |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25970|page=4787|date=3 September 1889 |nolink=y}}</ref>{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1p=122}}

He attended the [[Staff College, Camberley]], from 1889 to 1890, gaining his [[Psc (military)|psc]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/colonels/036.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040314135734/http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/colonels/036.html |archive-date=2004-03-14 |title=General Sir Charles Monro Bt GCB GCSI GCMG ADC 1920–1929}} </ref>{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1p=122}} and promoted to [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] on 23 February 1898,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26941|page=1118|date=22 February 1898 |nolink=y}}</ref> he served as a [[brigade major]] until he was appointed a [[Deputy Assistant Adjutant General|deputy assistant adjutant general]] on 15 April 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27074|page=2629|date=25 April 1899 |nolink=y}}</ref> He vacated that appointment in February 1900,<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=27164|page=1002| date=13 February 1900| |nolink=y}}</ref> as he went to [[South Africa]] to serve in the [[Second Boer War]], where he was present at the [[Battle of Paardeberg]] in 1900.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to temporary [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-colonel]] in 1900, he was brevetted to lieutenant-colonel on 29 November 1900.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27306|page=2705|date=19 April 1901 |nolink=y}}</ref>

On 28 March 1903, he was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel and appointed commandant of the [[Small Arms School Corps|School of Musketry]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27546|page=2618|date=24 April 1903 |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27551|page=2987|date=12 May 1903 |nolink=y}}</ref> Promoted to colonel in 1906, the same year he was made a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] (CB) in the [[1906 Birthday Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27926|page=4460|date=26 June 1906|supp=y}}</ref> he was succeeded [[Henry Merrick Lawson]] as [[commander]] of the [[13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|13th Infantry Brigade]] in [[Dublin]] on 12 May 1907, with the temporary rank of [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier general]].<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28024|page=3593|date=24 May 1907 |nolink=y}}</ref>

Promoted to [[Major general (United Kingdom)|major general]] on 31 October 1910,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28433|page=7908|date=4 November 1910 |nolink=y}}</ref> on 31 March 1912 he became [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) [[47th (1/2nd London) Division|2nd London Division]], a formation of the recently established [[Territorial Force]] (TF), taking over from Major General [[Vesey John Dawson]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28597|page=2587|date=9 April 1912}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28600|page=2792|date=19 April 1912 |nolink=y}}</ref>

==First World War==
===Belgium and France===
[[File:Monro inspecting 2nd division.jpg|thumb|left|Major-General Charles Monro, with Colonel [[Neill Malcolm]], inspecting troops of the 2nd Division on the march on the Western Front at some point in 1914.]]

In the early days of the [[First World War]] on 5 August 1914, Monro was deployed to France as General Officer Commanding [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Division]], which played an important part in the [[First Battle of Ypres]].<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28921 |supp=y|page=7787|date=29 September 1914 |nolink=y}}</ref> He led with what a subordinate described as "the gift of personal magnetism".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barrow |first1=General Sir Charles |title=The life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro |year=1931 |publisher=Hutchinson |location=London |page=113}}</ref> On 27 December 1914 he became General Officer Commanding [[I Corps (United Kingdom)|I Corps]], with the temporary rank of [[lieutenant-general]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29048 |supp=y|page=785|date=22 January 1915 |nolink=y}}</ref>

In February 1915 he was made a [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB), "in connection with Operations in the Field".<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29074|page=1686|date=16 February 1915|supp=y}}</ref> He was made General Officer Commanding [[Third Army (United Kingdom)|Third Army]] on 15 July 1915 with the temporary rank of general.<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29267 |supp=y|page=8247|date=17 August 1915 |nolink=y}}</ref> He was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant-general on 28 October.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29341 |supp=y|page=10615|date=26 October 1915 |nolink=y}}</ref>

[[File:Haig Monro Gough Percival 1914 IWM Q 54992 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant-General [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Sir Douglas Haig]] (GOC I Corps) with Major-General Charles Monro, Brigadier-General [[John Gough (British Army officer)|John Gough]] (Haig's chief of staff), and Brigadier-General [[Edward Perceval|E. M. Perceval]] (commanding the 2nd Division's artillery) in a street in France, 1914.]]

[[File:General Charles Monro 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant General Charles Monro (front row, centre, arms folded), GOC I Corps, and members of his corps staff in France, c. 1915.]]

===Gallipoli===
In October 1915, the seventh month of the [[Gallipoli campaign]], General [[Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)|Sir Ian Hamilton]] was dismissed as [[commander-in-chief]] (C-in-C) of the [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]]. Charles Monro was sent to evaluate what had been achieved and to recommend the next steps for the campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crowley |first1=Patrick |title=Loyal to Empire; The Life of General Sir Charles Monro, 1860–1929 |year=2016 |publisher=The History Press |location=Stroud |pages=202–222}}</ref> The Allied position had been drastically altered by the entry of [[Bulgaria during World War I|Bulgaria]] into the war and the Central Powers' subsequent swift conquest of Serbia, which opened the railway from Germany to Constantinople for transporting heavy guns and ammunition.<ref>Barrow 1931, pp. 61–86.</ref> After three days conferring and inspecting the three beachheads, Monro cabled Secretary of State for War [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Herbert Kitchener]] to recommend evacuating "the mere fringe of the coast-line" that had been secured.<ref>Barrow 1931, p. 65.</ref> Kitchener would not authorize a withdrawal, which was strongly opposed by the Navy, instead, he came to the Middle East to see for himself. After arriving on 9 November 1915 he and Monro toured the fronts, landing on open beaches since there were no ports. Then they visited the Allied lines in Greek [[Macedonian front|Macedonia]], where reinforcements were badly needed. On 17 November 1915, Kitchener agreed to evacuate and put Monro in control as Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean. The architect of the Dardanelles campaign, [[Winston Churchill]], resigned from the government in protest. He later memorably described Monro's stance as "He came, he saw, he capitulated" (a parody of [[Julius Caesar]]'s line ''[[veni, vidi, vici]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Churchill |first1=Rt. Hon. Winston S. |title=The World Crisis |year=1949 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |page=532 |orig-year=1923}}</ref> The War Committee dithered, finally on 7 December agreeing to evacuate two of the bridgeheads ([[ANZAC Cove]] and [[Landing at Suvla Bay|Suvla Bay]]). Their reluctance was understandable: Ottoman guns were able to strike the landing zones on all three beachheads, so evacuation casualties were estimated at thirty to forty per cent – Monro requested fifty-six hospital ships. On 19–20 December, the two beachheads were evacuated without a single casualty, leaving behind only some spiked artillery and slaughtered mules. It was a masterly display by the commanders of the beachheads and their staff. After further pressure from Monro, the evacuation of the remaining beachhead at [[Landing at Cape Helles|Cape Helles]] was authorized on 28 December with the agreement of the French who had troops there. It was skillfully executed on the night of 8–9 January 1916, again astonishingly without casualties. They had taken off 83,048 men, 4,695 horses and mules, 1,718 vehicles, and 186 heavy guns.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gilbert |first1=Martin |title=The First World War |url=https://archive.org/details/firstworldwarcom00gilb |url-access=registration |year=1994 |publisher=Henry Holt |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/firstworldwarcom00gilb/page/213 213] |isbn=9780805015409}}</ref>

[[File:Sir Charles Monro in 1915.jpg|thumb|left|Lieutenant General Monro in 1915.]]

===Return to France and Belgium===
Monro returned to France in early 1916 and soon took command of the First Army in February, succeeding General Sir Douglas Haig, who had been promoted to C-in-C of the BEF in place of French.{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1pp=129-130}}

In July, after the [[Battle of the Somme]] had begun further south, the First Army (specifically Lieutenant General [[Richard Haking]]'s [[XI Corps (United Kingdom)|XI Corps]]) executed the [[Battle of Fromelles]]. This was a diversionary attack intended to prevent German reinforcements from reaching the Somme offensive. It is remembered as a disaster that resulted in heavy casualties, particularly for the [[5th Division (Australia)|Australian 5th Division]], which had only recently arrived in France, without achieving its strategic objectives.{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1pp=132-136}}

===India===
He was selected to be [[Commander-in-Chief India]] later that year.<ref name=odnb/>{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1p=136}} He was a fine choice, because his "Standard was whether a man was an Empire-builder."<ref>Barrow 1931, p. 271.</ref> One of his responsibilities was the [[Mesopotamian campaign|campaign in Mesopotamia]]. On 1 August 1916 the [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Imperial General Staff]] (CIGS), General [[William Robertson (British Army officer)|Sir William Robertson]], ordered him to "keep up a good show" in Mesopotamia but not to make any further attempts to take [[Baghdad]] – this restriction was overruled on the War Committee by [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Curzon]] and [[Austen Chamberlain|Chamberlain]]. On his way to India Monro inspected the forces in Mesopotamia commanded by General [[Frederick Stanley Maude|Maude]]. After receiving Monro's favourable report on 18 September 1916 the War Committee authorized Maude to attack.<ref>Woodward 1998, pp. 118–119.</ref> On 1 October 1916, Monro was promoted to the substantive rank of general.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 30129 |supp=y|page=5850| date = 12 June 1917 |nolink=y}}</ref> Baghdad was taken on 11 March 1917. In off hours Monro continued to charm with his "whimsical, almost fantastic type of humour."<ref>Barrow 1931, p. 266.</ref>

==Later life==
[[File:CharlesMonroBrompton.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London.]]

In October 1920 he was appointed colonel of the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32096|page=10262|date=22 October 1920|supp=y}}</ref> In May 1921, Monro was created a Baronet, of Bearcrofts in the Shire of Stirling.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{London Gazette|issue=32323|page=3846|date=13 May 1921 |nolink=y}}</ref> In September 1923 Monro was appointed [[governor of Gibraltar]].<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32865|page=6426|date=25 September 1923}}</ref>

In 1915, he married Mary Caroline O'Hagan, youngest daughter of [[Thomas O'Hagan, 1st Baron O'Hagan]], [[Lord Chancellor of Ireland]], and his second wife Alice Towneley: they had no children.

Mary, Lady Monro, was named a [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1919.<ref>Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003.</ref>

Sir Charles Monro died of cancer in December 1929.{{sfnm|1a1=Beckett|1a2=Corvi|1y=2006|1pp=123, 138}} He was buried at [[Brompton Cemetery]] in London.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==Honours==

===British===
* Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Michael and St. George]] (GCMG): 1 January 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29507 |supp=y|page=2872|date=14 March 1916 |nolink=y}}</ref>
* Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Bath]] (GCB): 1 January 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31097 |supp=y|page=81|date=31 December 1918 |nolink=y}}</ref> (KCB: 18 February 1915;<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29074 |supp=y|page=1686|date=16 February 1915 |nolink=y}}</ref> CB: 1906 Birthday Honours<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27926 |supp=y|page=4460|date=26 June 1906 |nolink=y}}</ref>)
* Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI): 3 June 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31379 |supp=y|page=7046|date=30 May 1919 |nolink=y}}</ref>
* Baronet of Bearcrofts in the Shire of Stirling: 12 May 1921<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===Others===
* Grand Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] of France: 10 September 1915<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29290|page=8986|date=10 September 1915 |nolink=y}}</ref>
* Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] of the [[Empire of Japan]]: 17 May 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31345 |supp=y|page=6208|date=16 May 1919 |nolink=y}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Sir Charles Monro}}
{{Wikiquote|Charles Monro}}
*{{cite book |last1=Beckett |first1=Ian F. W. |last2=Corvi |first2=Steven J. |title=Haig's Generals |year=2006 |publisher=Pen & Sword Military |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-84415-169-1}}
*{{cite book |last=Crowley |first=Lieutenant Colonel Patrick |title=Loyal to Empire: The Life of General Sir Charles Monro, 1860-1929 |publisher=[[The History Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0750965996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIv5CwAAQBAJ&q=sir+charles+monro}}
* Woodward, David R. "Field Marshal Sir William Robertson", Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998, {{ISBN|0-275-95422-6}}
* {{cite EB1922|wstitle=Monro, Sir Charles Carmichael}}

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{{succession box | title=[[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)|Colonel of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]] | before=[[Edward Hamilton (British Army officer)|Sir Edward Hamilton]] | after=[[Wilkinson Bird|Sir Wilkinson Bird]] | years=1920–1929}}
{{succession box | title=[[London Regiment (1908–1938)|Honorary Colonel of the 23rd London Regiment]] | before=B. T. L. Thomson | after=[[John Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever|The Lord Astor of Hever]] | years=1922–1928}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box | title=[[Governor of Gibraltar]] | before=[[Horace Smith-Dorrien|Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien]] | after=[[Alexander Godley|Sir Alexander Godley]] | years=1923–1928}}
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{{s-new|creation}}
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{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Gibraltar}}
{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monro, Sir Charles}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:People born at sea]]
[[Category:Governors of Gibraltar]]
[[Category:British Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:Burials at Brompton Cemetery]]
[[Category:Clan Munro|Charles Monro, 1st Baronet]]
[[Category:People educated at Sherborne School]]
[[Category:Queen's Royal Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]
[[Category:People of the Gallipoli campaign]]

Indera Paul Singh

2026-02-07T22:54:30Z

AyushAmar: New

{{short description|Indian anthropologist (1928–2016)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Indera Paul Singh
| image = Indera Paul Singh (anthropologist).png
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1928|01|20}}<ref name="ISSN">{{cite newsletter |title=ISS Newsletter |volume=4 |issue=2 |date=July–December 2016 |website=[[Indian Sociological Society]] |accessdate=21 July 2020 |url=http://www.insoso.org/images/Newsletters/ISS_NEWSLETTER_JULY-DECEMBER_2016_final_-Copy.pdf}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|09|27|1928|02|20}}<ref name="ISSN"/>
| death_place =
| occupation = Anthropologist
| period =
| known_for =
| boards = Former Executive council and [[Academic council]] member of University of Delhi
| awards =
| education = [[Doctor of Philosophy]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]] (M.A. and Ph.D.)
| thesis_title = Inheritance of Fingerball Patterns in a Human Population (Ph.D.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Anthropology {{!}} University of Delhi {{!}} Ph.D. recipients |website=University of Delhi |place=New Delhi, India |url=http://anthro.du.ac.in/PhD/phd_recipients.pdf |access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref>
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = 1959
| school_tradition =
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| influences = 
| era =
| discipline = Anthropology
| sub_discipline = [[Physical anthropology]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Mario D. |last=Zamora |others=Others |title=Anthropological Diplomacy: Issues and Principles. Studies in Third World Societies, Publication Number Twenty |page=151 |publication-date=June 1982 |publisher=Department of Anthropology, [[College of William & Mary]] |place=Virginia, USA |website=[[Institute of Education Sciences]] |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED241393.pdf |access-date=18 August 2020}}</ref>
| workplaces = Former associate secretary general, [[International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences]]
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students = 
| main_interests =
| notable_works =
| notable_ideas =
| influenced = 
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'''Indera Paul Singh''' (20 January 1928 – 27 September 2016) was an Indian [[anthropologist]] who had served at prominent positions in several Indian and international anthropological organizations.

He was the first recipient of a doctorate degree in anthropology from the [[University of Delhi]] and also served as a member of its executive and [[academic council]]. He studied various branches of anthropology, and conducted field research in northern India and northwestern Himalayas.

==Education==
Singh did [[10+2|Intermediate of Science]] in medical stream at the [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]] of the University of Delhi in India, and completed his master's in anthropology from the university in 1950. From 1950 to 1952, he obtained "specialized training in anthropology" at the [[Franz Weidenreich]] Anthropological Institute of [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] in Germany. In 1959, he became the first ever student of the University of Delhi to obtain a [[Ph.D.]] with a specialty in anthropology.<ref name="IA">{{cite journal |journal=Indian Anthropologist |title=Professor Indera P. Singh (20 January 1928 – 27 September 2016) |volume=47 |issue=2 |first=Vinay Kumar |last=Srivastava |editor1-first=Nilika |editor1-last=Mehrotra |editor2-first=Sumit Saurabh |editor2-last=Srivastava |editor3-first=Mahima |editor3-last=Nayar |date=July–December 2017 |publisher=Indian Anthropological Association |place=Delhi, India |pages=105–108 |jstor=26494039 |jstor-access=free |issn=0970-0927}}</ref>

He considered [[Oscar Lewis]] as his ''[[guru]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Indera P. |last=Singh |editor1-first=Thomas A. |editor1-last=Sebeok |editor2-first=Milton |editor2-last=Singer |editor3-first=Richard M. |editor3-last=Dorson |editor4-first=Samuel Preston |editor4-last=Bayard |editor5-first=Evon Z. |editor5-last=Vogt |editor6-first=Alan P. |editor6-last=Merriam |editor7-first=Dell H. |editor7-last=Hymes |editor8-first=Shelby W. |editor8-last=Thompson |editor1-link=Thomas Sebeok |editor2-link=Milton Singer |editor3-link=Richard Dorson |editor4-link=Samuel Preston Bayard |editor5-link=Evon Z. Vogt |editor6-link=Alan P. Merriam |editor7-link=Dell Hymes |display-editors=4 |title=A Sikh Village |date=July–September 1958 |journal=[[Journal of American Folklore]] |volume=71 |issue=281 |page=503 |publisher=[[American Folklore Society]] |doi=10.2307/538573 |jstor=538573 |jstor-access=free}}</ref>

==Academic career and research==
From February to June 1953, Singh worked as a [[research assistant]] for [[Oscar Lewis]] who was doing a [[field study]] in Rampur, a Jat-populated village, at Delhi in India with financial grant from the [[Ford Foundation]]'s behavioral sciences division.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=100 |issue=3 |title=The Festival Cycle in a North Indian Jāṭ Village |first=Oscar |last=Lewis |date=28 June 1956 |pages=168–196 |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |jstor=3143771 |jstor-access=free}}</ref> He served the Department of Anthropology of the University of Delhi as a lecturer from 1953 to 1961, as a reader from 1953 to 1967, and as a professor from 1961 to 1971. He had been the head of the department from 16 June 1968 to 6 June 1979, and from 4 April 1981 to 3 April 1984. He was dean of the university's Faculty of Science from 1971 to 1975, and from 1983 to 1984, and university's [[proctor]] from 1973 to 1992. He was a member of the university's [[University court|court]] from 1959 to 1993, of the executive council from 1973 to 1992, and of the academic council for over twenty years.<ref name="IA"/> He was also a member of [[University Grants Commission (India)|India's University Grants Commission]].<ref name="UoM">{{cite web |title=Anthropological Generations: A Post-Independence Ethnography of Academic Anthropology and Sociology in India |first=Nurolhoda | last=Bandeh-Ahmadi |website=[[University of Michigan]] |place=Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |page=63 |access-date=21 July 2020 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/145949/hba_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref>

He had been Indian Social Science Academy's fellow, and had served as a member of the Asian Association of Bioethics (Tokyo), International Commission of Urban Anthropology, International Commission on Documentation, [[American Anthropological Association]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], and International Council for Scientific Development; and as the president of the [[Indian Anthropological Society|Indian Anthropological Association]], Indian Society for [[Human Ecology]], and Indian [[Dermatoglyphics|Dermatoglyphic]] Association; and as the regional commissioner for the South Asia Regional Group of the International Commission on the Anthropology of Food and Food Problems, and as the associate secretary general of [[International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences]]; and as the secretary general of the Tenth International Congress of Anthropological Sciences and the [[Indian Science Congress Association]] (1975).<ref name="IA"/>

Vinay Kumar Srivastava states that Singh delved into anthropology's various branches and suggests that he was "one of the few anthropologists who tried to integrate the different branches of anthropology". Singh carried out a large amount of fieldwork in northern India and the northwestern Himalayas.<ref name="IA"/> He was one of the scholars who were of the view that the "castes among both the Sikhs and the Hindus can be put on the same hierarchical scale" and who executed field research in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'s villages for "investigating castes among the [[Sikhs]]".<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=51 |number=2 |date=September 2002 |pages=175–194 |publisher=[[Indian Sociological Society]] |editor-first=N. |editor-last=Jayaram |title=Religion, Caste, and Communalism in Punjab |first=Paramjit S. |last=Judge |doi=10.1177/0038022920020202 |jstor=23619969|s2cid=147989946 }}</ref>{{rp|181–182}}

==Written work==
[[Milton Singer]] stated that Singh, along with [[Kathleen Gough]] and [[Surajit Chandra Sinha|Surajit Sinha]], was an academic who dealt with "cultural processes which are either recurrent or at least have strong parallels beyond the horizons of a particular time and space". According to Singer, Singh's analytical study of a Sikh village and of the changing traditions of Sikhs with regard to the dominant traditions of Hindus illustrated "a process of differentiation that is fairly characteristic in Indian civilization—the rise of dissenting sects". Singh's analysis showed that there is heterogeneity between the lower and upper castes.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=[[Journal of American Folklore]] |volume=71 |number=281, ''Traditional India: Structure and Change'' |date=July–September 1958 |pages=191–204 |publisher=[[American Folklore Society]] |editor1-first=Thomas A. |editor1-last=Sebeok |editor2-first=Richard M. |editor2-last=Dorson |editor3-first=Samuel P. |editor3-last=Bayard |editor4-first=Alan P. |editor4-last=Merriam |editor5-first=Dell H. |editor5-last=Hymes |editor1-link=Thomas Albert Sebeok |editor2-link=Richard Mercer Dorson |editor3-link=Samuel Preston Bayard |editor4-link=Alan Parkhurst Merriam |editor5-link=Dell Hathaway Hymes |display-editors=4 |title=From the Guest Editor |first=Milton |last=Singer |jstor=538554 |jstor-access=free}}</ref>{{rp|99}}

Singh's and Mohinder Kumar Bhasin's coauthored book ''Anthropometry (1968)'' was assessed by [[Edward Eyre Hunt Jr.]] He viewed the approach of the authors as being similar to anthropometry's German subculture in spite of the book's origination at the University of Delhi, noting that P. C. Biswas (the founder of University of Delhi's Department of Anthropology) had received training from [[Eugen Fischer]] in Berlin. He suggested that "by and large" their work was "good" but expressed concerns over its "relevance to present-day research and training" in biological anthropology.<ref name="EEHJr">{{cite journal |first=Edward E. |last=Hunt (Jr.) |editor1-first=Ward H. |editor1-last=Goodenough |editor2-first=Ronald |editor2-last=Hicks |editor3-first=Raymond D. |editor3-last=Fogelson |editor4-first=Gordon D. |editor4-last=Gibson |editor5-first=Robert |editor5-last=Ascher |editor6-first=William H. |editor6-last=Davenport |editor7-first=Harold E. |editor7-last=Driver |editor8-first=Robert H. |editor8-last=Dyson (Jr.) |editor9-first=Dell H. |editor9-last=Hymes |editor10-first=Francis E. |editor10-last=Johnston |editor11-first=Igor |editor11-last=Kopytoff |editor12-first=Ruben E. |editor12-last=Reina |editor13-first=Robert J. |editor13-last=Smith |editor14-first=Anthony F. C. |editor14-last=Wallace |editor15-first=K.-Peter |editor15-last=Lade |editor1-link=Ward Hunt Goodenough |editor3-link=Raymond D. Fogelson |display-editors=4 |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=72 |issue=3 |publisher=American Anthropological Association |date=June 1970 |page=714 |title=Reviewed Works: Practical Anthropology by Georges Olivier, M. A. MacConaill; Anthropometry by Indera P. Singh, M. K. Bhasin |jstor=673082 |jstor-access=free}}</ref>

[[University of Oxford]]'s Philip Stewart in 1991, while reviewing Singh's contributions to the first issue of commencing volume of the ''Journal of Human Ecology'', noted that while at that time there was lack of "synthesis" between the two greatly varying approaches towards the study of human ecology – "biological adaptations" and "cultural adaptations" – Singh had worked on both of them. Stewart also pointed out some areas of studies where Singh could have done better.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Stewart |editor1-first=Michael H. |editor1-last=Crawford |editor2-first=Tibor |editor2-last=Koertvelyessy |editor3-first=Philippe |editor3-last=Lefevre-Witier |editor4-first=Robert A. |editor4-last=Halberstein |editor5-first=R. John |editor5-last=Mitchell |editor6-first=Gabriel W. |editor6-last=Lasker |editor7-first=Mimi S. |editor7-last=Braverman |display-editors=4 |journal=Human Biology |volume=63 |issue=4 |date=August 1991 |pages=564–565 |publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]] |place=Detroit, Michigan, US |title=Reviewed Work: Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 1, no. 1 by Indera P. Singh |jstor=41464205 |jstor-access=free |issn=0018-7143}}</ref>

Eight of Singh's research projects were awarded by various organizations from India and other countries.<ref name="IA"/>

==Death==
Singh died at the age of 88 years on 27 September 2016.<ref name="ISSN"/>

==Works==
Srivastava notes that Singh wrote 5 books and 202 articles.<ref name="IA"/>

===Books coauthored===
*{{cite book |title=A Manual of Biological Anthropology |first1=Indera Paul |last1=Singh |first2=Mohinder Kumar |last2=Bhasin |year=2004 |publisher=Kamla-Raj Enterprises |place=Delhi, India |isbn=978-8185264349 |oclc=70886634}}
*{{cite book |title=Anthropometry |first1=Indera Paul |last1=Singh |first2=Mohinder Kumar |last2=Bhasin |year=1968 |publisher=Bharti Bhawan |place=Delhi, India |lccn=70909152 |oclc=1965040}}

===Books edited===
*{{cite book |title=Man and His Environment |editor1-first=Indera Paul |editor1-last=Singh |editor2-first=Surendra Chandra |editor2-last=Tiwari |editor3-first=Lalita Prasad |editor3-last=Vidyarthi |editor3-link=L. P. Vidyarthi |first=Don Ramsay |last=Arthur |year=1980 |publisher=Concept |place=Delhi, India |lccn=80903701}}

===Selected papers===
*{{cite journal |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |volume=48 |issue=2 |date=February 1978 |pages=171–175 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |title=Growth Trends Among Male Bods of Ladakh — a High Altitude Population |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=S. L. |last2=Malik |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330480208 |pmid=637119}}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[Anthropologischer Anzeiger]] |volume=44 |issue=1 |date=March 1986 |pages=45–53 |publisher=[[E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung]] |title=Genetic Studies of Pangwalas, Transhumant and Settled Gaddis: 4. Colour Blindness, Mid-phalangeal Hair, Ear Lobe Attachment and Behavioural Traits |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=M. K. |last2=Bhasin |first3=H. |last3=Walter |first4=V. |last4=Bhasin |first5=S. M. S. |last5=Chahal |first6=Ratanjit |last6=Singh |author3-link=Hubert Walter (anthropologist) |display-authors=4 |jstor=29539665 |jstor-access=free |pmid=3485955}}
*{{cite journal |journal=Anthropologischer Anzeiger |volume=45 |issue=4 |date=December 1987 |pages=351–360 |publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |title=Biology of the People of Sikkim, India. 2. Colour Blindness, Ear Lobe Attachment, Mid-phalangeal Hair and Behavioural Traits |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=M. K. |last2=Bhasin |first3=Anu P. |last3=Shil |first4=Madhu B. |last4=Sharma |first5=H. |last5=Walter |first6=Heidi |last6=Danker-Hopfe |first7=V. |last7=Bhasin |first8=Veena |last8=Bhardwaj |first9=K. |last9=Sudhakar |first10=Devala |last10=Wadhavan |doi=10.1127/anthranz/45/1987/351 |display-authors=4 |jstor=29539829 |jstor-access=free |pmid=3501697}}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[Human Heredity]] |volume=31 |issue=3 |year=1981 |pages=152–155 |publisher=[[Karger Publishers|Karger]] |place=Basel, Switzerland |title=Transferrin Subtypes in Six Indian Population Samples |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=H. |last2=Walter |first3=H. |last3=Strodtmann |first4=M. |last4=Hilling |first5=M. K. |last5=Bhasin |first6=P. |last6=Veerraju |doi=10.1159/000153197 |pmid=7262888}}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[Human Biology (journal)|Human Biology]] |volume=57 |issue=2 |date=May 1985 |pages=141–150 |publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]] |place=Detroit, USA |title=Parent–Offspring Correlation for Body Measurements and Subcutaneous Fat Distribution |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=Satwanti |last2=Kapoor |first3=A. K. |last3=Kapoor |first4=R. |last4=Bhalla |jstor=41464745 |jstor-access=free |pmid=3997123}}
*{{cite journal |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=61 |issue=4 |date=August 1983 |pages=423–428 |title=Transferrin Subtypes in Four Northwest Indian Tribal Populations and Some Remarks on the Anthropological Value of this New Polymorphism |first1=Indera P. |last1=Singh |first2=H. |last2=Walter |first3=Martina |last3=Stach |first4=M. K. |last4=Bhasin |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330610404 |pmid=6624886}}

==See also==
*[[Aparna Rao]]
*[[Georg Pfeffer]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Anthropology of Development: Commemoration Volume in the Honour of Professor I.P. Singh |edition=1st |editor-first=Rikshesh |editor-last=Malhotra |first1=Y. R. |last1=Ahuja |first2=A. |last2=Almedom |first3=M. S. |last3=Bedi |first4=Bhupinder |last4=Singh |first5=G. |last5=Brush |first6=E. J. |last6=Clegg |first7=Heidi |last7=Danker-Hopfe |first8=B. M. |last8=Das |first9=J. J. |last9=Fernandez |first10=G. A. |last10=Harrison |first11=T. |last11=Jewall |first12=V. |last12=Kaul |first13=Elżbieta |last13=Kowalczyk |first14=Sitakant |last14=Mahapatra |first15=Rikshesh |last15=Malhotra |first16=R. S. |last16=Mann |first17=J. M. |last17=Naidu |first18=M. Rama |last18=Devi |first19=D. F. |last19=Roberts |first20=Sachi |last20=Devi |year=1992 |publisher=Mittal Publications |place=New Delhi |isbn=81-7099-328-8 |lccn=92910453 |oclc=925755297}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Indera Paul}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:Physical anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Anthropology educators]]
[[Category:20th-century anthropologists]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]

2019–20 Indian Super League

2026-02-07T04:05:17Z

AyushAmar:

{{Short description|6th season of the Indian Super League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox football league season
| competition = [[Indian Super League]]
| season = [[2019–20 in Indian football|2019–20]]
| shield = [[FC Goa|Goa]] 1st ISL Shield title
| shieldtitle = League Winners' Shield
| winners = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] 3rd ISL Cup title 1st [[List of Indian football champions|Indian title]]
| continentalcup1 = [[2021 AFC Champions League|AFC Champions League]]
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| continentalcup3 = [[2021 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| continentalcup3 qualifiers = ATK{{Cref2|Note 1}} [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| matches = 95
| total goals = 294
| league topscorer = [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]] [[Nerijus Valskis]] [[Roy Krishna]] (15 goals each)
| best goalkeeper = [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]] (122.14 mins per goal)
| biggest home win = {{nobreak|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]] 5–0 [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]}} (25 October 2019)
| biggest away win = {{nobreak|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] 0–5 [[FC Goa|Goa]]}} (19 February 2020)
| highest scoring = {{nobreak|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] 3–6 [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]}} (1 February 2020)
| longest wins = [[FC Goa|Goa]] (5 games)
| longest unbeaten = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] (9 games)
| longest winless = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] [[Northeast United FC|NorthEast United]] (14 games)
| longest losses = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] (4 games)
| highest attendance = 50,102 {{nobreak|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]] 3–1 [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]}} (8 March 2020)
| lowest attendance = 1,000 {{nobreak|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] 0–0 [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]}} (7 February 2020)
| attendance = 1,219,462{{Efn|Including attendance of [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|playoff]] semi-finals. Final was played behind closed doors due to restrictions against the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].|name=a|group=note}}
| average attendance = 12,973
| prevseason = [[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
| nextseason = [[2020–21 Indian Super League|2020–21]]
| dates = 20 October 2019 – 14 March 2020
}}

The '''2019–20 Indian Super League season''' was the sixth season of the [[Indian Super League]], one of the top Indian professional football leagues. The regular season began on 20 October 2019 and concluded on 14 March 2020.

[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] replaced the disbanded [[FC Pune City|Pune City]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad FC to replace struggling FC Pune City as new ISL franchise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/hyderabad-fc-to-replace-struggling-fc-pune-city-as-new-isl-franchise-1592297-2019-08-27 |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |publisher=The India Today |date=27 August 2019 |archive-date=26 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026105309/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/hyderabad-fc-to-replace-struggling-fc-pune-city-as-new-isl-franchise-1592297-2019-08-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> whereas [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]] moved to [[Bhubaneswar]] and rebranded as [[Odisha FC|Odisha]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Prafulla |title=Delhi Dynamos shifts base to Bhubaneswar, renamed Odisha FC |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/delhi-dynamos-moves-to-bhubaneswar-renamed-odisha-fc-odisha-government-indian-football/article29301177.ece |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=The Sportstar |publisher=The Hindu |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831072537/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/delhi-dynamos-moves-to-bhubaneswar-renamed-odisha-fc-odisha-government-indian-football/article29301177.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] were the defending champions, having won their maiden [[Indian Super League]] title by defeating [[FC Goa|Goa]] 1–0 in the 2018–19 final.<ref>{{cite news |last1=S Quadri |first1=Abreshmina |title=ISL 2018–19 Final: Bengaluru FC win maiden title with 1–0 win over FC Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2018-19-final-bengaluru-fc-vs-fc-goa-mumbai-1480459-2019-03-17 |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=The India Today |date=17 March 2019 |archive-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318012122/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2018-19-final-bengaluru-fc-vs-fc-goa-mumbai-1480459-2019-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, both teams were knocked out in the semi-finals, with Bengaluru losing 3–2 on aggregate to [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]<ref>{{cite news |title=ATK turn the tables on Bengaluru to set final date with Chennaiyin |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-turn-the-tables-on-bengaluru-to-set-final-date-with-chennaiyin |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=ISL |date=8 March 2020 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912190725/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-turn-the-tables-on-bengaluru-to-set-final-date-with-chennaiyin |url-status=live }}</ref> and Goa losing 6–5 on aggregate to [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennaiyin reach third Hero ISL final after seeing off spirited Goa challenge |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/chennaiyin-reach-third-hero-isl-final-after-seeing-off-spirited-goa-challenge |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=ISL |date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806071927/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/chennaiyin-reach-third-hero-isl-final-after-seeing-off-spirited-goa-challenge |url-status=live }}</ref> On 14 March 2020, ATK beat Chennaiyin 3–1 in the final, becoming the first club to win three ISL titles.<ref>{{cite news |title=ATK best Chennaiyin in Hero ISL 2019-20 final to clinch record third title |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-best-chennaiyin-in-hero-isl-2019-20-final-to-clinch-record-third-title |access-date=14 March 2020 |work=ISL |date=14 March 2020 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318194935/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-best-chennaiyin-in-hero-isl-2019-20-final-to-clinch-record-third-title |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 November 2019, the AFC association ranking confirmed India's group stage spot in the [[2021 AFC Champions League]]. As winners of the regular season, [[FC Goa]] took that spot along with the inaugural League Winners Shield trophy.

==Teams==
{{location map+ |India |float=right
|width=350
|alt=Locations of the Indian Super League teams
|caption=Locations of the Indian Super League teams
|places=
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56972 |long=88.36972 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=12.58 |long=77.34 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=13.08389 |long=80.27000 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=15.49300 |long=73.81800 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[FC Goa|Goa]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.47 |long=86.12 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.97500 |long=72.82583 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=17.4121531|long=78.1278513 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;>{{nobreak|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.11|long=91.44|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=20.2878|long=85.82381|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=9.97|long=76.28|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]}}</div>|position=right}}
}}

===Stadiums and locations===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Club
! State/Region
! City
! Home stadium
! Capacity
|-
| [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[Kolkata]]
| [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|85,000}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake Stadium|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/499-atk-profile/venue/|website=Indian Super League|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403231347/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/499-atk-profile/venue|archive-date=3 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Bengaluru]]
| [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|25,810}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanteerava Stadium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202528/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/656-bengaluru-fc-profile/venue/|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/656-bengaluru-fc-profile/venue/|website=Indian Super League|archive-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Chennai]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|20,075}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/505-chennaiyin-fc-profile/venue/|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai|publisher=ISL|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114093419/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/505-chennaiyin-fc-profile/venue/|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[Goa]]
| [[Margao]]
| [[Fatorda Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|18,600}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/fc-goa/venue|title=Fatorda Stadium|publisher=ISL|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529113410/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/fc-goa/venue|archive-date=29 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Hyderabad]]
| [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|30,000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1536-hyderabad-fc-profile/venue|title=G.M.C Balayogi Athletic Stadium|publisher=ISL|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115002/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1536-hyderabad-fc-profile/venue|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[Jamshedpur]]
| [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|24,424}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1159-jamshedpur-fc-profile/venue|title=JRD Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur|publisher=ISL|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117193419/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1159-jamshedpur-fc-profile/venue/|archive-date=17 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[Kerala]]
| [[Kochi]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|40,000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/498-kerala-blasters-fc-profile/venue|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|publisher=ISL|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116033536/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/498-kerala-blasters-fc-profile/venue|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|7,790}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Football Arena|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/venue|website=Indian Super League|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602220202/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/venue|archive-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| [[Assam]]
| [[Guwahati]]
| [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|23,627}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/north-east-united/venue|website=Indian Super League|access-date=31 May 2017}}{{Dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Bhubaneswar]]
| [[Kalinga Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|15,000}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Soccer Private Limited signs MoU with Government of Odisha to facilitate Bhubaneswar move |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/delhi-soccer-private-limited-signs-mou-with-government-of-odisha-to-facilitate-Bhubaneswar-move |website=indiansuperleague.com |publisher=ISL |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831204728/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/delhi-soccer-private-limited-signs-mou-with-government-of-odisha-to-facilitate-Bhubaneswar-move |archive-date=31 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Personnel and sponsorship===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:95%"
|-
! Team
! Head coach
! Captain
! Kit manufacturer
! Shirt sponsor
|-
| [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio Lopez Habas]]<ref name="sportstar.thehindu.com">{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2019-2020-atk-antonio-habas-sanjiv-goenka/article27011431.ece|title=ISL: ATK appoints Antonio Habas as new head coach|work=The Sportstar|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808140515/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2019-2020-atk-antonio-habas-sanjiv-goenka/article27011431.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| [[Nivia Sports]]
|
|-
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| {{flagicon | ESP}} [[Carles Cuadrat]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Coach Carles Cuadrat extends Bengaluru FC stay until 2021|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/head-coach-carles-cuadrat-contract-extension-2021-bengaluru-fc-isl-title-2018-19/article27069628.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607034641/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/head-coach-carles-cuadrat-contract-extension-2021-bengaluru-fc-isl-title-2018-19/article27069628.ece|archive-date=7 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{flagicon | IND}} [[Sunil Chettri]]
| [[Puma (brand)|Puma]]
| [[Kia Motors]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Kia Motors India pen four-year sponsorship deal with Bengaluru FC|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kia-motors-new-principal-sponsor-of-bengaluru-fc-118100500874_1.html|work=The Business Standard|access-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825124840/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kia-motors-new-principal-sponsor-of-bengaluru-fc-118100500874_1.html|archive-date=25 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Owen Coyle]]<ref>{{cite news |title=ISL: Chennaiyin FC appoints Owen Coyle as new head coach |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/owen-coyle-football-indian-super-league-chennaiyin-fc-head-coach-bolton-wanderers/article30153576.ece |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=The Sportstar |publisher=The Hindu |date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225171516/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/owen-coyle-football-indian-super-league-chennaiyin-fc-head-coach-bolton-wanderers/article30153576.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{flagicon |ROM}} [[Lucian Goian]]
| Performax
| [[Apollo Tyres]]
|-
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Clifford Miranda]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Olive |title=ISL 2019–20: FC Goa names Clifford Miranda interim coach, Pereira technical director |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/clifford-miranda-new-fc-goa-coach-derrick-pereira-technical-director-sergio-lobera-indian-super-league/article30727562.ece |access-date=15 February 2020 |work=Sportskeeda |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115039/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/clifford-miranda-new-fc-goa-coach-derrick-pereira-technical-director-sergio-lobera-indian-super-league/article30727562.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{flagicon | IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
| T10 Sports
| Adda52
|-
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Albert Roca]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho]]
| Reyaur Sports<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goyal |first1=Shaily |url=https://www.insidesport.co/isl-season-6-hyderabad-fc-unveil-team-jersey/ |title=ISL 2019 Season 6: Hyderabad FC unveil team jersey |work=InsideSport |date=4 December 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011230823/https://www.insidesport.co/isl-season-6-hyderabad-fc-unveil-team-jersey/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio Iriondo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/jamshedpur-fc-appoint-spaniard-antonio-iriondo-as-head-coach/articleshow/70397123.cms|title=Jamshedpur FC appoint Spaniard Antonio Iriondo as head coach|work=The Times of India|date=4 December 2019|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/jamshedpur-fc-appoint-spaniard-antonio-iriondo-as-head-coach/articleshow/70397123.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Tiri (footballer)|Tiri]]
| [[Nivia Sports]]
| [[Tata Steel]]
|-
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Eelco Schattorie]]
| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
| Reyaur Sports
| [[Muthoot Pappachan Group|Muthoot Group]]
|-
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Jorge Costa (footballer)|Jorge Costa]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
| Sqad Gear
| [[SportPesa|SportsAdda]]
|-
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{flagicon|HRV}} [[Robert Jarni]]
| {{flagicon | COL}} [[José David Leudo]]
| Performax
| [[Federal Bank]]
|-
|-
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| {{flagicon | ESP}} [[Josep Gombau]]
| {{flagicon | ESP}} [[Marcos Tébar]]
| [[TYKA Sports]]
| [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Tourism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha FC - Partners|url=https://www.odishafc.com/#partners|website=OdishaFC.com|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref>
|}

===Managerial changes===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Team
!Outgoing manager
!Manner of departure
!Date of vacancy
!Position in table
!Incoming manager
!Date of appointment
|-
| [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Coppell]]
| rowspan="4" | End of contract
| 30 April 2019
| rowspan="4" align="center" | ''Pre-season''
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio López Habas]]
| 3 May 2019<ref name="sportstar.thehindu.com"/>
|-
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Nelo Vingada]]
| 17 March 2019
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Eelco Schattorie]]
| 19 May 2019<ref>{{cite web|last1=P Tennyson|first1=Rayson|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/eelco-schattorie-appointed-as-kerala-blasters-head-coach/articleshow/69407071.cms|title=Eelco Schattorie appointed as Kerala Blasters head coach|work=The Times of India|date=20 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20191019010715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/eelco-schattorie-appointed-as-kerala-blasters-head-coach/articleshow/69407071.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[César Ferrando]]
| 5 April 2019
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio Iriondo]]
| 26 July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/jamshedpur-fc-antonio-iriondo-head-coach-isl-2019-20-2247397.html|title=Jamshedpur FC appoints Antonio Iriondo as Head Coach|work=PTI|publisher=News18|date=26 July 2019|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115002/https://www.news18.com/news/football/jamshedpur-fc-antonio-iriondo-head-coach-isl-2019-20-2247397.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{Flagicon|NED}} [[Eelco Schattorie]]
| 19 May 2019
| {{Flagicon|HRV}} [[Robert Jarni]]
|5 August 2019<ref>{{cite web|last1=Das Sharma|first1=Amitabha|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/robert-jarni-croatia-eelco-schattorie-northeast-united-coach-isl-football-football/article28826302.ecehttps://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/robert-jarni-croatia-eelco-schattorie-northeast-united-coach-isl-football-football/article28826302.ece|title=NorthEast United appoints former Croatian midfielder Robert Jarni as head coach|work=The Sportstar|publisher=The Hindu|date=5 August 2019|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115032/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/robert-jarni-croatia-eelco-schattorie-northeast-united-coach-isl-football-football/article28826302.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chennaiyin F.C.|Chennaiyin]]
| {{flagicon| ENG}} [[John Gregory (footballer)|John Gregory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/923131/indian-super-league-coach-john-gregory-extends-chennaiyin-fc-stay-till-2020|title=Indian Super League: Coach John Gregory extends Chennaiyin FC stay till 2020|work=PTI|publisher=The Scroll|date=11 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607040039/https://scroll.in/field/923131/indian-super-league-coach-john-gregory-extends-chennaiyin-fc-stay-till-2020|archive-date=7 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|rowspan="2" | Sacked
| 30 Nov 2019
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 8th
| {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Owen Coyle]]
| 4 Dec 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/owen-coyle-football-indian-super-league-chennaiyin-fc-head-coach-bolton-wanderers/article30153576.ece|title=ISL: Chennaiyin FC appoints Owen Coyle as new head coach|work=The Sportstar|publisher=The Hindu|date=4 December 2019|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911183244/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/owen-coyle-football-indian-super-league-chennaiyin-fc-head-coach-bolton-wanderers/article30153576.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Phil Brown (footballer, born 1959)|Phil Brown]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Soham|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/hyderabad-fc-sack-head-coach-phil-brown/xfgz3znkn3h01tbsrtrchqf0o|title=Hyderabad FC sack head coach Phil Brown|date=11 January 2020|website=goal.com|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229074022/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/hyderabad-fc-sack-head-coach-phil-brown/xfgz3znkn3h01tbsrtrchqf0o|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 11 January 2020
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 10th
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Xavier Gurri López]]
| 15 January 2020<ref>{{cite web|last1=Noronha|first1=Anslem|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/hyderabad-fc-interim-javier-lopez-players-enjoying-training/d03ficr1fm971bgcdtwvf2k8m|title=Hyderabad FC's Javier Gurri Lopez: Players are enjoying training|date=23 January 2020|website=goal.com|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929160741/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/hyderabad-fc-interim-javier-lopez-players-enjoying-training/d03ficr1fm971bgcdtwvf2k8m|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Lobera]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fcgoa.in/media/press/fc-goa-part-ways-with-sergio-lobera|title=FC Goa part ways with Sergio Lobera|date=1 February 2020|website=fcgoa.in|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202072858/https://fcgoa.in/media/press/fc-goa-part-ways-with-sergio-lobera|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Mutual Consent
| 1 February 2020
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 1st
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Clifford Miranda]]
| 3 February 2020<ref>{{cite news |title=Miranda named interim coach, Pereira technical director of FC Goa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/miranda-named-interim-coach-pereira-technical-director-of-fc-goa/articleshow/73907618.cms |access-date=14 March 2020 |work=PTI |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706114521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/miranda-named-interim-coach-pereira-technical-director-of-fc-goa/articleshow/73907618.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{flagicon|HRV}} [[Robert Jarni]]<ref name="Jarni">{{cite web|last1=Modak|first1=Sourav|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-northeast-united-fc-part-ways-with-coach-robert-jarni/articleshow/74086021.cms|title=ISL: NorthEast United FC part ways with coach Robert Jarni|date=11 February 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115043/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-northeast-united-fc-part-ways-with-coach-robert-jarni/articleshow/74086021.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Sacked
| 11 February 2020
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 9th
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalid Jamil]]
| 11 February 2020<ref name="Jarni"/>
|}

===Roster changes===
{{Main|List of 2019–20 Indian Super League season roster changes}}

==Foreign players==
{{More information|List of foreign Indian Super League players}}
The number of foreign players allowed in the squad is maximum seven and a minimum of six. However, the maximum number of foreign players allowed on the pitch is five.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:84%;"
|-
! width="140"|Team
! width="257"|Player 1
! width="257"|Player 2
! width="257"|Player 3
! width="257"|Player 4
! width="257"|Player 5
! width="257"|Player 6
! Width="257"|Player 7
|-
| [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (footballer, born 1988)|David Williams]]
| {{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu García]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Mandi (footballer)|Mandi]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Víctor Mongil]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]
|-
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Erik Paartalu]]
| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Kevaughn Frater]]
| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Deshorn Brown]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Dimas Delgado]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juanan]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Nili (footballer)|Nili Perdomo]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Albert Serrán]]
|-
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Masih Saighani]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Eli Sabiá]]
| {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
| {{flagicon|MLT}} [[André Schembri]]
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Dragoș Firțulescu]]
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Lucian Goian]]
|-
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Ahmed Jahouh]]
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Mourtada Fall]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu Bedia]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ferrán Corominas]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Peña (Spanish footballer)|Carlos Peña]]
|
|-
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Marko Stanković]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Bobô (footballer, born 1985)|Bobô]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho Pereira]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Matthew Kilgallon]]
| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Giles Barnes]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafa (footballer, born 1985)|Rafael Gómez]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Néstor Gordillo]]
|-
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Memo (footballer)|Memo]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Noé Acosta]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Castel Martínez|Sergio Castel]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Grande]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aitor Monroy Rueda|Aitor Monroy]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Piti (footballer)|Piti]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Tiri (footballer)|Tiri]]
|-
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Raphaël Messi Bouli]]
| {{flagicon|MKD}} [[Vlatko Drobarov]]
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gianni Zuiverloon]]
| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Mouhamadou Moustapha Gning|Moustapha Gning]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Mario Arqués]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Cidoncha]]
|-
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]]
| {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Mato Grgić]]
| {{flagicon|GAB}} [[Serge Kevyn|Sèrge Kevyn]]
| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Paulo Machado]]
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Modou Sougou]]
| {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Amine Chermiti]]
| {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Mohamed Larbi]]
|-
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{flagicon|COL}} [[José David Leudo]]
| {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Mislav Komorski]]
| {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Andy Keogh]]
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Kai Heerings]]
| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Simon Lundevall]]
| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Martín Cháves]]
| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Federico Gallego]]
|-
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Martín Pérez Guedes]]
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Diawandou Diagne]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Delgado (footballer, born 1990)|Carlos Delgado]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Francisco Dorronsoro]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Xisco Hernández]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Onwu]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marcos Tébar]]
|}

==Regular season==
===League table===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|section=Regular season
|source=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/standings Indian Super League]


|team1=FCG
|team2=ATK
|team3=BFC
|team4=CFC
|team5=MCFC
|team6=OFC
|team7=KBFC
|team8=JFC
|team9=NEU
|team10=HFC

|win_ATK=10|draw_ATK=4 |loss_ATK=4 |gf_ATK=33 |ga_ATK=16 
|win_BFC=8 |draw_BFC=6 |loss_BFC=4 |gf_BFC=22 |ga_BFC=13 
|win_CFC=8 |draw_CFC=5 |loss_CFC=5 |gf_CFC=32 |ga_CFC=26 
|win_OFC=7 |draw_OFC=4 |loss_OFC=7 |gf_OFC=28 |ga_OFC=31 
|win_FCG=12|draw_FCG=3 |loss_FCG=3 |gf_FCG=46 |ga_FCG=23 
|win_JFC=4 |draw_JFC=6 |loss_JFC=8 |gf_JFC=22 |ga_JFC=35 
|win_KBFC=4|draw_KBFC=7|loss_KBFC=7|gf_KBFC=29|ga_KBFC=32
|win_MCFC=7|draw_MCFC=5|loss_MCFC=6|gf_MCFC=25|ga_MCFC=29
|win_NEU=2 |draw_NEU=8 |loss_NEU=8 |gf_NEU=16 |ga_NEU=30 
|win_HFC=2 |draw_HFC=4 |loss_HFC=12|gf_HFC=21 |ga_HFC=39 
|note_ATK = Originally, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]], the [[2019–20 I-League]] champions (they were already assured of the title before the league was abandoned due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]), would qualify as India 2 (2021 AFC Cup group stage), and [[ATK (football club)|ATK]], the [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs]] winners, would qualify as India 3 (2021 AFC Cup qualifying play-offs).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clarification over AFC Club Competition slots from 2021 onwards|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/clarification-over-acl-and-afc-cup-slots-from-india-in-2020-21-season|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620190600/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/clarification-over-acl-and-afc-cup-slots-from-india-in-2020-21-season|archive-date=20 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref> However, ATK owners '''KGSPL''' ceased their football operation and bought majority stakes in '''Mohun Bagan FC (India) Private Limited''' and rebranded Mohun Bagan football team as '''[[ATK Mohun Bagan FC]]''' from the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]] which qualified as India 2 in 2021 AFC club competition. The [[All India Football Federation]] decided that [[Bengaluru FC]], the [[2019–20 Indian Super League#Regular season|2019–20 Indian Super League regular season]] 3rd place (behind [[FC Goa]], which qualified for the [[2021 AFC Champions League]], and ATK), will qualify as India 3.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 June 2020|title=Bengaluru FC to play in AFC Cup playoffs as AIFF confirms all three continental spots for ISL teams|url=https://scroll.in/field/963826/bengaluru-fc-to-play-in-afc-cup-playoffs-as-aiff-confirms-all-three-continental-spots-for-isl-teams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502163154/https://scroll.in/field/963826/bengaluru-fc-to-play-in-afc-cup-playoffs-as-aiff-confirms-all-three-continental-spots-for-isl-teams|archive-date=2 May 2021|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>
|note_BFC = ATK

|result1=CLP1 |result2=ACP1 |result3=ACP2 |result4=FIN


|name_ATK=[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|name_BFC=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|name_CFC=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|name_OFC=[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|name_FCG=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|name_JFC=[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|name_KBFC=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|name_MCFC=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|name_NEU=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|name_HFC=[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|status_ATK = C
|status_FCG = L
|status_text_L= League Winners' Shield Winners

|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored; 5) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) fair play ranking; 6) drawing of lots


|res_col_header=Q
|col_FIN=yellow1 |text_FIN=Advance to [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|ISL playoffs]]
|col_ACP1=yellow1|text_ACP1=Advance to [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|ISL playoffs]]{{Cref2|Note 1}}
|col_ACP2=green2|text_ACP2=Qualification for [[2021 AFC Cup#Play-off round|2021 AFC Cup play-off round]] and [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|ISL playoffs]]{{Cref2|Note 1}}
|col_CLP1=green1|text_CLP1= Qualification for [[2021 AFC Champions League#Group stage|2021 AFC Champions League group stage]] and [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|ISL playoffs]]
}}</onlyinclude>

===Results===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|source = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/schedule-fixtures Indian Super League]
|update = complete
|a_note =
|matches_style = FBR

|team1=ATK
|team2=BEN
|team3=CHE
|team4=GOA
|team5=HFC
|team6=JAM
|team7=KER
|team8=MUM
|team9=NEU
|team10=OFC


|name_ATK=[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|name_BEN=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|name_CHE=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|name_GOA=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|name_HFC=[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|name_JAM=[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|name_KER=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|name_MUM=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|name_NEU={{nowrap|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]}}
|name_OFC=[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]



 |match_ATK_ATK=
 |match_ATK_BEN=1–0
 |match_ATK_CHE=1–3
 |match_ATK_GOA=2–0
 |match_ATK_HFC=5–0
 |match_ATK_JAM=3–1
 |match_ATK_KER=0–1
 |match_ATK_MUM=2–2
 |match_ATK_NEU=1–0
 |match_ATK_OFC=3–1



 |match_BEN_ATK=2–2
 |match_BEN_BEN=
 |match_BEN_CHE=3–0
 |match_BEN_GOA=2–1
 |match_BEN_HFC=1–0
 |match_BEN_JAM=2–0
 |match_BEN_KER=1–0
 |match_BEN_MUM=2–3
 |match_BEN_NEU=0–0
 |match_BEN_OFC=3–0



 |match_CHE_ATK=0–1
 |match_CHE_BEN=0–0
 |match_CHE_CHE=
 |match_CHE_GOA=3–4
 |match_CHE_HFC=2–1
 |match_CHE_JAM=4–1
 |match_CHE_KER=3–1
 |match_CHE_MUM=0–0
 |match_CHE_NEU=2–0
 |match_CHE_OFC=2–2



 |match_GOA_ATK=2–1
 |match_GOA_BEN=1–1
 |match_GOA_CHE=3–0
 |match_GOA_GOA=
 |match_GOA_HFC=4–1
 |match_GOA_JAM=0–1
 |match_GOA_KER=3–2
 |match_GOA_MUM=5–2
 |match_GOA_NEU=2–0
 |match_GOA_OFC=3–0



 |match_HFC_ATK=2–2
 |match_HFC_BEN=1–1
 |match_HFC_CHE=1–3
 |match_HFC_GOA=0–1
 |match_HFC_HFC=
 |match_HFC_JAM=1–1
 |match_HFC_KER=2–1
 |match_HFC_MUM=1–1
 |match_HFC_NEU=0–1
 |match_HFC_OFC=1–2



 |match_JAM_ATK=0–3
 |match_JAM_BEN=0–0
 |match_JAM_CHE=1–1
 |match_JAM_GOA=0–5
 |match_JAM_HFC=3–1
 |match_JAM_JAM=
 |match_JAM_KER=3–2
 |match_JAM_MUM=1–2
 |match_JAM_NEU=1–1
 |match_JAM_OFC=2–1



 |match_KER_ATK=2–1
 |match_KER_BEN=2–1
 |match_KER_CHE=3–6
 |match_KER_GOA=2–2
 |match_KER_HFC=5–1
 |match_KER_JAM=2–2
 |match_KER_KER=
 |match_KER_MUM=0–1
 |match_KER_NEU=1–1
 |match_KER_OFC=0–0



 |match_MUM_ATK=0–2
 |match_MUM_BEN=2–0
 |match_MUM_CHE=0–1
 |match_MUM_GOA=2–4
 |match_MUM_HFC=2–1
 |match_MUM_JAM=2–1
 |match_MUM_KER=1–1
 |match_MUM_MUM=
 |match_MUM_NEU=1–0
 |match_MUM_OFC=2–4



 |match_NEU_ATK=0–3
 |match_NEU_BEN=0–2
 |match_NEU_CHE=2–2
 |match_NEU_GOA=2–2
 |match_NEU_HFC=1–5
 |match_NEU_JAM=3–3
 |match_NEU_KER=0–0
 |match_NEU_MUM=2–2
 |match_NEU_NEU=
 |match_NEU_OFC=2–1



 |match_OFC_ATK=0–0
 |match_OFC_BEN=0–1
 |match_OFC_CHE=2–0
 |match_OFC_GOA=2–4
 |match_OFC_HFC=3–2
 |match_OFC_JAM=2–1
 |match_OFC_KER=4–4
 |match_OFC_MUM=2–0
 |match_OFC_NEU=2–1
 |match_OFC_OFC=
}}

==ISL Cup playoffs==
{{main|2020 ISL Cup playoffs}}

===Bracket===
{{#lst:2020 Indian Super League playoffs|Bracket}}

===Semi-finals===
{{#lst:2020 Indian Super League playoffs|semis}}

===Final===
{{#lst:2020 Indian Super League playoffs|final}}

==Season statistics==
===Scoring===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====Top scorers====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="3" |1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|rowspan="3" |15
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ferrán Corominas]]
|align="left"|Goa
|14
|-
|5
|align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
|align="left"|Goa
|11
|-
|rowspan="2" |6
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridane Santana]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|rowspan="2" |9
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|align="left"|Bengaluru
|-
|8
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Raphaël Messi Bouli]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|8
|-
|rowspan="6" |9
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Onwu]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|rowspan="6" |7
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Castel]]
|align="left"|Jamshedpur
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho Pereira]]
|align="left"|Hyderabad
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=topscorer>{{cite web |title=Players stat: Top scorers |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-138-goals-player-statistics |publisher=Indian Super League |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020175851/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-138-goals-player-statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
{{col-2}}

====Top Indian scorers====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|1
|align="left"|[[Sunil Chhetri]]
|align="left"|Bengaluru
|9
|-
|2
|align="left"|[[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|7
|-
|3
|align="left"|[[Jackichand Singh]]
|align="left"|Goa
|5
|-
|rowspan="2" |4
|align="left"|[[Redeem Tlang]]
|align="left"|NorthEast United
|rowspan="2" |3
|-
|align="left"|[[Michael Soosairaj]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|rowspan="7" |6
|align="left"|[[Liston Colaco]]
|align="left"|Hyderabad
|rowspan="7" |2
|-
|align="left"|[[Rowllin Borges]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|-
|align="left"|[[Bipin Singh]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|-
|align="left"|[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|-
|align="left"|[[Brandon Fernandes]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
|align="left"|[[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir Singh]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
|align="left"|[[Lenny Rodrigues]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=topscorer/>
|}
{{col-end}}

==== Hat-tricks ====
{{See also|List of Indian Super League hat-tricks}}
:''Result column shows goal tally of player's team first.''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No. !! Player !! For !! Against !! style="text-align:center"| Result !! Date !! Ref
|-
|1 ||style="text-align:left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]] || Kerala Blasters ||Chennaiyin|| 3–6 (A) ||1 February 2020 ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Match 72, Kerala Blasters vs Chennaiyin |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/29647-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-chennaiyin-fc |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=ISL |date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109150723/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/29647-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-chennaiyin-fc |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2 ||style="text-align:left"|{{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]] || ATK ||Odisha|| 3–1 (H) ||8 February 2020 ||<ref>{{cite news |title=ATK deal heavy blow to Odisha's top four ambitions |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-deal-heavy-blow-to-odishas-top-four-ambitions |access-date=8 February 2020 |work=ISL |date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912190730/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-deal-heavy-blow-to-odishas-top-four-ambitions |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|3 ||style="text-align:left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Onwu]] || Odisha ||Kerala Blasters|| 4–4 (H) ||23 February 2020 ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha 4–4 Kerala Blasters |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/23/india/indian-super-league/delhi-dynamos/kerala-blasters/3154757/ |access-date=24 February 2020 |work=soccerway |date=23 February 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115042/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/23/india/indian-super-league/delhi-dynamos/kerala-blasters/3154757/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

;Notes
(H) – Home team (A) – Away team

===Assists===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Assists
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
|align="left"|Goa
|10
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|8
|-
|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Brandon Fernandes]]
|align="left"|Goa
|7
|-
|rowspan="3" |4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
|align="left"|Chennayin
|rowspan="3" |6
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Thapa]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|rowspan="7"|7
|align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Erik Paartalu]]
|align="left"|Bengaluru
|rowspan="7"|5
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jessel Carneiro]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Dimas Delgado]]
|align="left"|Bengaluru
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prabir Das]]
|align="left"|ATK
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=topassist>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-153-assists-player-statistics|title=Assists|work=Indian Super League|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115014/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-153-assists-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Cleansheets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Clean sheets
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|Gurpreet Singh]]
|align="left"|Bengaluru
|11
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|align="left"|ATK
|9
|-
|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammad Nawaz (footballer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
|align="left"|Goa
|5
|-
|rowspan="2" |4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|rowspan="2" |4
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishal Kaith]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
|rowspan="2" |6
|align="left"|{{flagicon|SPA}} [[Francisco Dorronsoro]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|rowspan="2" |3
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury|Subhasish Roy]]
|align="left"|NorthEast United
|-
|rowspan="2" |8
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rehenesh TP]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|rowspan="2" |2
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Pal]]
|align="left"|Jamshedpur
|-
|rowspan="2" |10
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bilal Khan (footballer)|Bilal Khan]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|rowspan="2" |1
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arshdeep Singh (footballer, born 1997)|Arshdeep Singh]]
|align="left"|Odisha
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=cleansheets>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|title=Clean Sheets|work=Indian Super League|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003173521/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Discipline ===
==== Player ====
* Most yellow cards: '''7'''<ref>{{cite web |title=YC Players |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-143-yellow-cards-player-statistics |website=Indian Super League |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=6 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706115016/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-143-yellow-cards-player-statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Mandi (footballer)]] (ATK)
** [[Germanpreet Singh]] (Chennaiyin)
** [[Vinit Rai]] (Odisha)
** [[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]] (Mumbai City)
** [[Ahmed Jahouh]] (Goa)
** [[Brandon Fernandes]] (Goa)

* Most red cards: '''1'''<ref>{{cite web |title=RC Players |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-144-red-cards-player-statistics |website=Indian Super League |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=21 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021172005/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-144-red-cards-player-statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Dimple Bhagat]] (Hyderabad)
** [[Abdul Hakku Nediyodath|Abdul Hakku]] (Kerala Blasters)
** [[Sourav Das (footballer)|Sourav Das]] (Mumbai City)
** [[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Jitendra Singh]] (Jamshedpur)
** [[Tondonba Singh]] (Chennaiyin)
** [[Bikash Jairu]] (Jamshedpur)
** [[Souvik Chakrabarti]] (Mumbai City)
** [[Saviour Gama]] (Goa)
** [[Sahil Panwar]] (Hyderabad)
** [[Sarthak Golui]] (Mumbai City)
** [[José David Leudo]] (NorthEast United)
** [[Seiminlen Doungel]] (Goa)
** [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]] (Chennaiyin)
** [[Vinit Rai]] (Odisha)
** [[Carlos Delgado (footballer, born 1990)|Carlos Delgado]] (Odisha)
** [[Farukh Choudhary]] (Jamshedpur)
** [[Reagan Singh]] (NorthEast United)
** [[Ahmed Jahouh]] (Goa)
** [[Nishu Kumar]] (Bengaluru)
** [[Eli Sabiá]] (Chennaiyin)
** [[Mourtada Fall]] (Goa)
** [[Edwin Sydney Vanspaul]] (Chennaiyin)

==== Club ====

* Most yellow cards: '''57'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Yellow Cards |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-133-yellow-cards-club-statistics |website=Indian Super League |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020191105/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-133-yellow-cards-club-statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Mumbai City

* Most red cards: '''4'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Cards |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-134-red-cards-club-statistics |website=Indian Super League}}</ref>
** Chennaiyin

==Average home attendances==
{{See also|Indian Super League attendance}}{{updated|8 March 2020}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!width=160|Team
!{{Tooltip|GP|Home games played}}
!width=45|{{Tooltip|Cumulative|Cumulative total of all home games attendance}}
!width=45|{{Tooltip|High|Highest season attendance}}
!width=45|{{Tooltip|Low|Lowest season attendance}}
!width=45|{{Tooltip|Mean|Statistical mean season attendance}}
|-
|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|200,917
|align=center bgcolor="#98FB98"|37,406
|align=center|8,690
|align=center bgcolor="#98FB98"|22,324

|-
|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|181,218
|align=center|23,157
|align=center|17,263
|align=center|20,135

|-
|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|157,641
|align=center|36,298
|align=center|7,754
|align=center|17,515

|-
|[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|131,592
|align=center|27,083
|align=center|9,746
|align=center|14,621

|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|117,057
|align=center|17,773
|align=center|10,212
|align=center|13,006

|-
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| align="center" |9
| align="center" |80,777
| align="center" |11,597
| align="center" |7,500
| align="center" |8,975

|-
|[[Northeast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| align="center" |9{{efn|NorthEast United Last home matches attendance Data not Published.}}
| align="center" |74,280
| align="center" |17,942
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFA9A9"|1000
| align="center" |8,253

|-
|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|65,699
|align=center|12,114
|align=center|3,000
|align=center|7,299

|-
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|align=center|9{{efn|Odisha's first three home matches were not held at Kalinga Stadium.}}
|align=center|56,081
|align=center|9,452
|align=center|3,500 (''3,816''{{efn|Attendance of the second home match for Odisha which was not played at the Kalinga Stadium.}})
|align=center|6,231

|-
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|47,166
|align=center|7,021
|align=center|3,200
|align=center bgcolor="#FFA9A9"|5,240

|-
!Total||align=center|90|| align="center" |1,112,428|| align="center" |37,406|| align=center|1,000|| align=center|12,360
|-
!Legend
!{{Color box|#FFA9A9|Lowest||border=silver}}
{{Color box|#98FB98|Highest||border=silver}}
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Hero ISL: Fixtures & Results|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/schedule-fixtures|website=[[Indian Super League]]|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=1 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201130927/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/schedule-fixtures|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Super League-Regular Season |url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/india/indian-super-league/20192020/regular-season/r52121/ |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=Soccerway |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202232643/https://int.soccerway.com/national/india/indian-super-league/20192020/regular-season/r52121/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Super League 2019–20 matches |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/competition/soccer/indian-super-league-2019-2020/regular-season/35380/ |access-date=1 February 2020 |work=Global Sports Archive |archive-date=15 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115015307/https://globalsportsarchive.com/competition/soccer/indian-super-league-2019-2020/regular-season/35380/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

==Awards==
===Hero of the Match===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Hero of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Hero of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Hero of the Match
|-
! Player
! Club
! Player
! Club
! Player
! Club
|-
| Match 1
| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 33
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
| ATK
| Match 65
| {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 2
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Raphael Augusto]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 34
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chinglensana Singh (footballer)|Chinglensana Singh]]
| Goa
| Match 66
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 3
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Farukh Choudhary]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 35
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Farukh Choudhary]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 67
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 4
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Seriton Fernandes]]
| Goa
| Match 36
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 68
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 5
| {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Amine Chermiti]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 37
| {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Raphaël Messi Bouli]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 69
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 6
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
| ATK
| Match 38
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Mourtada Fall]]
| Goa
| Match 70
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Kumar]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 7
| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Asamoah Gyan]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 39
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowllin Borges]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 71
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]]
| Mumbai City
|-
| Match 8
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sarthak Golui]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 40
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juanan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 72
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 9
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Udanta Singh]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 41
| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Paulo Machado]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 73
| {{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 10
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Farukh Choudhary]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 42
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 74
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 11
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
| ATK
| Match 43
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Bobô (footballer, born 1985)|Bobô]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 75
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]]
| Mumbai City
|-
| Match 12
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 44
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ferrán Corominas]]
| Goa
| Match 76
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalengmawia]]
| NorthEast
|-
| Match 13
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Redeem Tlang]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 45
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Williams (Australian soccer)|David Williams]]
| ATK
| Match 77
| {{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 14
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 46
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Ahmed Jahouh]]
| Goa
| Match 78
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 15
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Pal]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 47
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridane Santana]]
| Odisha
| Match 79
| {{flagicon|COL}} [[José David Leudo]]
| NorthEast
|-
| Match 16
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Maximiliano Barreiro]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 48
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Mario Arqués]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 80
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ferrán Corominas]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 17
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
| Goa
| Match 49
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Modou Sougou]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 81
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Liston Colaco]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 18
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Cidoncha]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 50
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 82
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Xisco Hernández]]
| Odisha
|-
| Match 19
| {{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| ATK
| Match 51
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Rathi]]
| ATK
| Match 83
| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
| Kerala
|-
| Match 20
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Erik Paartalu]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 52
|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 84
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Edwin Sydney Vanspaul|Edwin Vanspaul]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 21
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 53
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinit Rai]]
| Odisha
| Match 85
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 22
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridane Santana]]
| Odisha
| Match 54
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
| Goa
| Match 86
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Liston Colaco]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 23
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Thapa]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 55
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 87
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Lucian Goian]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 24
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Castel]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 56
| {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 88
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu García]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 25
| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Asamoah Gyan]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 57
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridane Santana]]
| Odisha
| Match 89
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Onwu]]
| Odisha
|-
| Match 26
| {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 58
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Halicharan Narzary]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 90
| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Martín Cháves]]
| NorthEast
|-
| Match 27
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 59
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridane Santana]]
| Odisha
| Match 91 (SF)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Thapa]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 28
| {{flagicon|GAB}} [[Sèrge Kevyn]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 60
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 92 (SF)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Erik Paartalu]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 29
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
| Goa
| Match 61
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowllin Borges]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 93 (SF)
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Mourtada Fall]]
| Goa
|-
| Match 30
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Farukh Choudhary]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 62
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pritam Kotal]]
| ATK
| Match 94 (SF)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prabir Das]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 31
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 63
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Castel]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 95 (F)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 32
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeakson Singh Thounaojam|Jeakson Singh]]
| Kerala
| Match 64
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Erik Paartalu]]
| Bengaluru
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=Awards>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-150-golden-boot-award-statistics|title=Awards|work=Indian Super League|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020175850/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-150-golden-boot-award-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

{{clear}}

===ISL Emerging Player of the Match===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Emerging Player of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Emerging Player of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Emerging Player of the Match
|-
! {{flagicon|IND}} Player
! Club
! {{flagicon|IND}} Player
! Club
! {{flagicon|IND}} Player
! Club
|-
| Match 1
| [[Jeakson Singh Thounaojam|Jeakson Singh]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 33
| [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 65
| [[Laldinliana Renthlei]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 2
| [[Nishu Kumar]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 34
| [[Ashish Rai]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 66
| [[Sourav Das (footballer)|Sourav Das]]
| Mumbai City
|-
| Match 3
| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 35
| [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 67
| [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 4
| [[Mohammad Nawaz (footballer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
| Goa
| Match 36
| [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Rohit Kumar]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 68
| [[Lalengmawia]]
| NorthEast United
|-
| Match 5
| [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 37
| [[Sahal Abdul Samad]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 69
| [[Gaurav Bora]]
| Odisha
|-
| Match 6
| [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| ATK
| Match 38
| [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
| ATK
| Match 70
| [[Mohammad Yasir]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 7
| [[Redeem Tlang]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 39
| [[Bipin Singh]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 71
| [[Lalengmawia]]
| NorthEast United
|-
| Match 8
| [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 40
| [[Lalengmawia]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 72
| [[Jerry Lalrinzuala]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 9
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 41
| [[Farukh Choudhary]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 73
| [[Aniket Jadhav]]
| Jamshedpur
|-
| Match 10
| [[Aniket Jadhav]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 42
| [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 74
| [[Sahil Panwar]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 11
| [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 43
| [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Rohit Kumar]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 75
| [[Bidyananda Singh]]
| Mumbai City
|-
| Match 12
| [[Nanda Kumar|Nanda Kumar Sekar]]
| Odisha
| Match 44
| [[Shubham Sarangi]]
| Odisha
| Match 76
| [[Lalruatthara]]
| Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 13
| [[Redeem Tlang]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 45
| [[Sumit Rathi]]
| ATK
| Match 77
| [[Sumit Rathi]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 14
| [[Rahul Kannoly Praveen|Rahul K. P.]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 46
| [[Seriton Fernandes]]
| Goa
| Match 78
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 15
| [[Mobashir Rahman]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 47
| [[Shubham Sarangi]]
| Odisha
| Match 79
| [[Redeem Tlang]]
| NorthEast United
|-
| Match 16
| [[Mohammad Yasir]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 48
| [[Rakesh Pradhan]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 80
| [[Bipin Singh]]
| Mumbai City
|-
| Match 17
| [[Sarthak Golui]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 49
| [[Ashish Rai]]
| Hyderabad
| Match 81
| [[Liston Colaco]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 18
| [[Rahul Kannoly Praveen|Rahul K. P.]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 50
| [[Nishu Kumar]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 82
| [[Nim Dorjee Tamang|Nim Dorjee]]
| NorthEast United
|-
| Match 19
| [[Isaac Vanmalsawma]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 51
| [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| ATK
| Match 83
| [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh Wangjam]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 20
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 52
| [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 84
| [[Jerry Lalrinzuala]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 21
| [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 53
| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 85
| [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam|Amarjit Kiyam]]
| Jamshedpur
|-
| Match 22
| [[Shubham Sarangi]]
| Odisha
| Match 54
| [[Mohammad Nawaz (footballer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
| Goa
| Match 86
| [[Mohammad Yasir]]
| Hyderabad
|-
| Match 23
| [[Vishal Kaith]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 55
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 87
| [[Laldinliana Renthlei]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 24
| [[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Jitendra Singh]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 56
| [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 88
| [[Leon Augustine]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 25
| [[Rakesh Pradhan]]
| NorthEast United
| Match 57
| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 89
| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
|-
| Match 26
| [[Shubham Sarangi]]
| Odisha
| Match 58
| [[Abdul Nediyodath|Abdul Hakku]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 90
| [[Redeem Tlang]]
| NorthEast
|-
| Match 27
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
| Match 59
| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| Odisha
| Match 91 (SF)
| [[Jerry Lalrinzuala]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 28
| [[Pratik Chaudhari]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 60
| [[Vishal Kaith]]
| Chennaiyin
| Match 92 (SF)
| [[Suresh Singh Wangjam]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 29
| [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| Kerala Blasters
| Match 61
| [[Sourav Das (footballer)|Sourav Das]]
| Mumbai City
| Match 93 (SF)
| [[Jerry Lalrinzuala]]
| Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 30
| [[Narender Gahlot]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 62
| [[Sumit Rathi]]
| ATK
| Match 94 (SF)
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
|-
| Match 31
| [[Vinit Rai]]
| Odisha
| Match 63
| [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]]
| Jamshedpur
| Match 95 (F)
| [[Sumit Rathi]]
| ATK
|-
| Match 32
| [[Jeakson Singh Thounaojam|Jeakson Singh]]
| Kerala
| Match 64
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| Bengaluru
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name=Awards/>
|}

{{clear}}

==Season awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope=col|Award
!scope=col|Player
!scope=col|Club
|-
|'''Hero of the League'''
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
|Goa
|-
|'''Golden Boot'''
|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Nerijus Valskis]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
|'''Golden Glove'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]]
|Bengaluru
|-
|'''Winning Pass of the League'''
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Boumous]]
|Goa
|-
|'''ISL Emerging Player of the League'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Rathi]]
|ATK
|}

==See also==
* [[2019–20 I-League]]
* [[2019–20 in Indian football]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.indiansuperleague.com/}}

{{Indian Super League}}
{{Indian football league seasons}}
{{2019–20 in Indian football}}
{{2019 in Asian football (AFC)}}
{{2020 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Super League}}
[[Category:2019–20 Indian Super League season| ]]
[[Category:Indian Super League seasons|2019–20]]
[[Category:2019–20 in Indian football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2019–20 in Asian men's top-tier association football leagues|India]]

Dharmasagar, India

2026-01-25T09:45:38Z

AyushAmar: New First Entry Needs Work

{{About|a neighbourhood in Telangana|other uses|Dharmasagar (disambiguation){{!}}Dharmasagar}}
{{Distinguish|Dharamsagar}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dharmasagar
| other_name =
| nickname = Dharmasagar
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|59|36|N|79|26|34|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 =[[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hanamkonda district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 69,043
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 506142
| registration_plate = TS 03
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Warangal
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Station Ghanpur
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Scenic View of Dharmasagar Lake.jpg|thumb]]
'''Dharmasagar''' is a Town and a [[Subdivisions of India|mandal]] in [[Hanamkonda district]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. Dharmasagar is well connected with towns like Kazipet, and Hanamakonda by road. It is 14.4 km far from its District Main Town [[Warangal]] and 122 km far from its State Capital [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0" />

Dharmasagar village and Mandal is bounded by Hanamkonda Mandal towards East, Hasanparthy Mandal towards East, Elkathurthi Mandal towards North, Warangal Mandal towards East.

==Dolmen==
{{see also | List of Dolmens#India | l1= Dolmens in India | Archaeology in India }}

There is a megalithic [[dolmen]] graves site located in the Dharmasar Hillock near Dharmasagar reservoir.

==Reservoir==

The lake in Dharmasagar is said to be one of the places where Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita from the [[Ramayana]] stayed when they were in exile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://areaprofiler.gov.in/aboutUsIntgeratedPES.do?stateCode=28&lbCode=213415&languageId=1|title=Dharmasagar Profile: Area Profiler}}</ref>

Dharmasagar lake has been the prime source of potable water and one of the three summer storage tanks to Warangal for the last 30 years.

The [[drinking water]] problem of Warangal has been solved as its principal source, ''Dharmasagar lake'' has been remodeled from lake into a balancing reservoir of [[Devadula lift irrigation scheme|Devadula]] project to hold 1.5 [[tmcft]] of water to cater to the needs of the people of Warangal and to irrigate 50,000 acres of land in the surrounding villages.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/warangal-to-get-drinking-water-every-alternate-day/article8698848.ece| title = Warangal to get drinking water every alternate day - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 6 June 2016}} </ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/devadula-water-to-quench-thirst-of-tricities/article8592959.ece| title = Devadula water to quench thirst of Warangal, Kazipet, Hanamkonda - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 12 May 2016}} </ref>

==Connectivity==
Nearby villages of this village by distance are Devunoor(5.2 km), [[Madikonda]](5.4 km), Madipalle(6.1 km), Mupparam(6.2 km), Somadevarapalle(6.2 km). Nearest towns are Dharmasagar(0 km), Hanamkonda(8.6 km), Hasanparthy (12.5 km), Ghanpur (Station)(14.3 km).

Pindlai Rail Way Station, Kazipet Jn Rail Way Station are the very nearby railway stations to Dharmasagar Mandal.<ref name=":0" />

==Educational Institutions & Industries==
* S.R Concept School, Unikicherla
* ST.Antony's High School
* GOVT Junior College
*Sri Kakatiya Inst. of Pharmacy
* Chaitanya Inst. of Pharm. Science
As it is near to major towns, there was always been considerable boom in industrial fields and most seen industries are (raw & parboiled) rice mills. Some of them are
* Satya Sai Veera Bhadra Binny Rice Mill(S.S.V.B.B.R.M)
* Satya Narayana Rice Mill
* Hanuman Industries
* Surya Industries

==Demographics==
Total population of Dharmasagar Mandal is 69,043 living in 15,071 Houses, Spread across total 49 villages and 24 [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] . Males are 34,976 and Females are 34,067. It has total 2237 families residing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/577711-velair-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Velair Village Population - Dharmasagar - Warangal, Andhra Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> The Dharmasagar village has population of 9350 of which 4667 are males while 4683 are females as per Population Census 2011.In Dharmasagar village population of children with age 0-6 is 813 which makes up 8.70% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Dharmasagar village is 1003 which is higher than Andhra Pradesh state average of 993. Child Sex Ratio for the Dharmasagar as per census is 856, lower than Andhra Pradesh average of 939.Dharmasagar village has higher literacy rate compared to Andhra Pradesh. In 2011, literacy rate of Dharmasagar village was 69.54% compared to 67.02% of Andhra Pradesh. In Dharmasagar Male literacy stands at 78.10% while female [[Literacy|literacy rate]] was 61.14%.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Villages
!Population
|-
|Devunoor
|2,563
|-
|Dharmapur
|2,418
|-
|Dharmasagar
|9,350
|-
|Elkurthi
|4,779
|-
|Gundlasagar
|1,216
|-
|Janakipur
|1,460
|-
|Kyathampalle
|1,548
|-
|Malakpalle
|3,449
|-
|Mallikudurla
|2,442
|-
|Mupparam
|3,223
|-
|Narayanagiri
|4,494
|-
|Peddapendyala
|7,152
|-
|Peechera
|5,306
|-
|Rampur
|5,277
|-
|Sodeshapalle
|1,347
|-
|Somadevarapalle
|1,468
|-
|Thatikayala
|3,486
|-
|Velair
|9,662
|}

==Tragic Incidents==
Dharmasagar used to be a tourist attraction for people living in neighborhood who are looking to spend weekend with their friends and families. It has also attracted many Trekkers from different locations who crave for an adventure. But since the day the lake has been made into a reservoir for Devadula Project, which draws huge amounts of water from River Godavari, it has become a hazardous zone for picnics and trekking. There are reports of around 17 accidental deaths in past 3 years of people who visited this place who were drowned or flushed away by the huge water currents due to intake of large volumes of water from Godavari river. It also made into news when 5 engineering students were drowned recently.

This zone is marked as a 'Hazardous Spot' and people were forbidden from swimming in the lake. The police have clearly stated that this is no longer a tourist spot and its sole purpose is to cater the drinking water needs of people of tri-cities and also serve as an aid to agriculture. There are reports of this lake being made into a Tourist destination in future once all the construction works related to Project Devadula and Mission Bhagiratha are completed.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Warangal Urban district}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Warangal]]
[[Category:Mandals in Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Telangana]]

Katli river

2026-01-23T01:07:09Z

AyushAmar: slightly cleaned up section after review and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Katli River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image = File:Katli_River_in_Jhunjhunu_District,_27_July_2019.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Katli River in [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]], [[Rajasthan]]
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type3 = Districts
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sikar district|Sikar]], [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]], [[Churu district|Churu]]
| subdivision_type4 = Villages
| subdivision_name4 = [[Ganeshwar]], [[Khandela]], Guhala, Panchlangi, Bagholi, Ponkh, Kakrana, Deeppura, Mainpura, Norangpura, Gadhla Kalan, Khatkar, [[Ked, Rajasthan|Ked]], Batiwar, Basmana, Shivnathpura, Natas, [[Hansalsar]], Gowla,[[Bhadunda Kalan]], Bhadunda khurd, Vrindavan, Makhar, Islampur, Chnana, Solana, Sultana, [[Bagar, Jhunjhunu|Bagar]], Sulkhania
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length_km = 100
| width_min = {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| width_avg =
| width_max = {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =

| source1 = Ganeshwar Hills
| source1_location = [[Aravalli Range]], [[Ganeshwar]], [[Sikar]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|27|40.735|N|75|51.3867|E|display=inline}}| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Katli River''' is a rainfed seasonal river of [[Shekhawati]] region of [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=इसलिए कहते हैं इसे काटली नदी, ये अनूठा वीडियो देख आपको भी हो जाएगा यकीन |url=https://m.patrika.com/sikar-news/katli-nadi-in-sikar-and-jhunjhunu-rajasthan-3155113/ |accessdate=27 July 2019 |work=www.patrika.com |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100523142812/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/19/stories/2010051955970700.htm Now a strong plea for water auditing]</ref>

It originates from [[Aravalli Range]] and empties in center of its Inland [[drainage basin]] in northwest region of [[Churu district]]. This 100-km length mostly flows through [[Jhunjhunu District]]. The Katli river is the main source of coarse sand used for construction in the nearby region.<ref>{{cite news |title=काटली नदी में 23 साल बाद आया उफान, लोगों में दौड़ी खुशी की लहर |url=https://m.patrika.com/jhunjhunu-news/heavy-rain-in-rajasthan-overflowing-water-of-katli-river-4894837/ |accessdate=27 July 2019 |work=www.patrika.com |language=hindi}}</ref>

== Ganeshwar civilization==
{{See also|Indus Valley civilization}}
[[Ganeshwar]] is a village in [[Neem Ka Thana]] Tehsil in the [[Sikar District]]. Excavations have revealed ancient sites, with remains of a 4000 years old civilization. The site is located at source of river Kantali, which used to join river Drishadvati, near Soni-Bhadra on the north.

Historian Ratan Lal Mishra wrote that, Red pottery with black portraiture was found which is estimated to be belonging to 2500–2000 BC was found when Ganeshwar was excavated in 1977.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Ganeshwar is located near the copper mines of the Sikar-Jhunjhunu area of the Khetri copper belt in Rajasthan. It mainly supplied copper objects to [[Harappa]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Copper objects, microliths & pottery were found throughout the deposits.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Copper objects included arrowheads, spearheads, fish hooks, bangles and chisels.
Microliths, discovered here, represent a highly evolved geometric industry, the principal tool-types being blunted-back blades, obliquely-blunted blades, lunates, triangles and points. The raw materials employed for the industry include quartz, garnet, and occasionally jasper.
The Pottery found represents OCP culture and includes storage jars, vases, basins, bowls, lids and miniature pots.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ganeshwar: Archaeological Site of Rajasthan |url=https://www.rajras.in/index.php/ganeshwar-archaeological-site-rajasthan/ |website=RajRAS - Rajasthan RAS |accessdate=27 July 2019 |date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==See also==
* [[Ked (village)]]
* [[Jhunjhunu]]
* [[Jhunjhunu District]]

[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]

Deb Chowdhury

2026-01-22T07:39:55Z

AyushAmar: New Basic Info Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian singer, lyricist, composer, cultural activist, researcher and television anchor}}
[[File:Deb chowdhuri concert.jpg|Deb Chowdhury concert photo|thumb]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
'''Deb Chowdhury''' is an Indian singer,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-10 |title=A working birthday for singer Deb Chowdhury |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/a-working-birthday-for-singer-deb-chowdhury/articleshow/82521426.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> lyricist, composer,<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Sahajiyafolkband |url=https://sahajiyafolkband.com/about-us/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> cultural activist, researcher<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-11 |title=Sahajiya band members step up work to preserve Bengal's dying folk art forms |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sahajiya-band-members-step-up-work-to-preserve-bengals-dying-folk-art-forms/articleshow/85181700.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and television anchor. Folk music is his primary choice of genre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-12 |title=City musicians celebrate the beauty of baul melodies |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/city-musicians-celebrate-the-beauty-of-baul-melodies/articleshow/92829299.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is working for the Indigenous Art & Culture of India for the last 25 years. He also is a documentary film maker. He is the founder-director of Sahajiya Foundation, working for promotion and exploration of different Indian folk songs. He is the only disciple of late Kalachand Darbesh, the last Darbesh of Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahajiya Foundation- Folk Music Foundation |url=https://sahajiya.org/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=sahajiya.org}}</ref> He is also associated with various social development, environment awareness & conservation projects.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-08 |title=Deb Chowdhury, along with members of his band, Sahajiya, comes forward to help bauls in Birbhum and Burdwan |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/deb-chowdhury-comes-forward-to-help-bauls-in-birbhum-and-burdwan/articleshow/84242204.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=লকডাউনে আর্থিক কষ্টের সম্মুখীন লোকশিল্পীদের পাশে দেব এবং সহজিয়া |url=https://unishkuri.in/storydetails/-/unishkuristory/sahajiyas-dev-helps-folk-artists-during-pandemic-314558 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=unishkuri.in |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Deb was born in [[Kolkata]], West Bengal. He graduated from [[Dinabandhu Andrews College]], under [[University of Calcutta]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} His mother Shipra Chowdhury was a school teacher and father Manil Chowdhury is a former football player who played First Division in Kolkata Football leagues.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} He got his primary music lessons from his uncle late Pundit Chuni Lal Chowdhury.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} He considers Goutam Chattopadhyay as his first Guru, Guide and Philosopher.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Mohiner Ghoraguli: মহীনের সেই ঘোড়াগুলি ছুটে চলেছে আজও গানে গানে, দেবের কথায় ও সুরে গৌতমের স্মৃতিচারণ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/mahiner-ghoraguli-fame-late-goutam-chatterjee-is-remembered-by-his-student-deb-choudhury-on-his-birthday-dgtl/cid/1284502 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== Career ==
He is an exponent of Folk songs of Bengal, He is the founder of popular band of India, Sahajiya Folk Band. He scored many Feature Films, Telefilms and Theatre projects as a music director. His only released Bengali album as a lyricist & composer so far, ‘Tomake Ektu’<ref>{{Citation |title=Tomake Ektu Dekhte Ichhe Kare |date=1997-04-26 |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/14jbPWsup0ezJiuqHQc5h4 |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en}}</ref> from [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]], sung by singer Ritika Sahani. He is a mentor and Music designer of Folk Genre in [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Bangla|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]] ([[Zee Bangla]]), a musical program in Bengali Television.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title='পদ্মপলাশের জয় আসলে বাংলা ভাষার জয়', বিতর্কের মাঝে মুখ খুললেন প্রশিক্ষক দেব |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/saregamapa-winner-padma-palash-mentor-dev-choudhury-shares-inside-story-of-the-reality-show-dgtl/cid/1406423 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> He is a regular Anchor in Good Morning Akash ([[Aakash Aath|Aakash 8]]), a live musical show in Bengali Television.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male folk singers]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

Nilesh Limaye

2026-01-22T02:27:37Z

AyushAmar: adding a article!

{{short description|Indian celebrity chef (born 1972)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Multiple issues|{{unfocused|date=December 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2021}}}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Neelesh.jpg
| caption = Nilesh Limaye, 2010
| birth_name = Nilesh Arun Limaye
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|11|24}}
| birth_place = [[Thane]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style = [[Indian cuisine|Indian]]/[[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]]/[[Thai cuisine|Thai]]/[[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]]/ 
[[Italian cuisine|Italian]]/[[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian]]/[[Mediterranean cuisine|Mediterranean]]
| education = MSHIMCT, Pune
| spouse = {{marriage|Meghna Limaye|1996}}
| ratings =
| restaurants =
Zikomo (Pune) 
Trikaya (Pune) 
Trikaya (Mumbai) 
Gypsy Chinese (Dubai) 
Tenzo Temple(Thane)
| television =
Amhi Saare Khavvaiyye 
[[Mallika-E-Kitchen]] Season 2
| prevrests =
Taj Mahal hotel 
Hawar Resorts 
Intercontinental 
Gordan House Suites 
Rodas 
The Orchid
| website =
}}

'''Nilesh Limaye''' ({{langx|mr|नीलेश लिमये|translit=Nilesh Limye}}) is an Indian celebrity chef. He has successfully worked as a tv host, author and contributor to various magazines and a restaurant consultant. He is nicknamed "Sindbad the Chef" owing to his frequent travels. He manages his own entrepreneurial venture "All 'Bout Cooking" <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiamart.com/allboutcooking/about-us.html|title=All Bout Cooking site|accessdate=2019-04-19}}</ref> providing food and everage solutions to new entrants, entrepreneurs or existing restaurateurs. Zikomo ([[Pune]]), Trikaya (Pune), Gypsy Chinese ([[Dubai]]) and Tenzo Temple ([[Thane]]) are among the restaurant brands that he works with.

==Early life ==
Born in a Marathi family in [[Mumbai]], he spent his childhood and college days in [[Pune]]. He is an alumnus from MSHIMCT, [[Pune]].

==Training==
After working at a hotel for two years, he resolved to make cooking his career. He trained under Grande Chef Emeritus, Hemant Oberoi, at the Taj Hotels. He worked with chef Sanjay Malkani and chef Satish Arora.

Along with his expertise in [[Maharashtrian cuisine|Maharashtrian]], [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi]], Mangalorean, [[Kerala cuisine|Kerala]] and [[North Indian cuisine|North Indian food]], he is expert in [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], [[Thai cuisine|Thai]], [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Italian cuisine|Italian]], [[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian]], and [[Mediterranean cuisine|Mediterranean]] cuisines.

He trained in various kitchen setups, from fine dining to large scale buffets. He worked with the flight catering unit of Taj Air Caterers and handled the kitchen for the Hiranandani hospital.

He credits a lot of his learning to travel. He managed kitchens at Hawar, a small resort owned by Emir of Bahrain on the Island of [[Hawar Islands|Hawar]]. He traveled to Norway, Funiculor, the [[Panama Canal]], the tribes on a [[Mexico|Mexican]] island, [[Denmark]], [[Buckingham Palace]], and [[New Orleans]] allowed him to explore the richness of cuisine.

==Career==

===Cooking===
His training in the Taj Mahal Hotel under Grande Chef Emeritus Hemant Oberoi was followed by his stint at Hawar Resorts in [[Bahrain]].

While setting up a hotel, Limaye worked with Chef Sanjay Malkani to learn about kitchen design, supplier negotiations, festival menus, food costing, etc.

He later worked with Taj Air Caterers and various cruises. He led teams of Chefs churning out food at restaurants from a coffee shop to fine dining to northwestern frontier cuisine and a lounge bar.

===Restaurants===
As a chef he associated with many restaurants including Taj Mahal hotel, Hawar Resorts, Intercontinental, Gordan House Suites, Rodas, The Orchid, TAJ SATS, and Hiranandani Hospital.
[[File:Trikaya.jpg|thumb|Trikaya, [[Pune]]]]
He has worked with many restaurants as a consultant/technical partner offering his expertise in issues including kitchen design, menu planning and enhancements, and cost control.

The list includes:
* Indraprastha Restaurant and Food plaza, Pune, which specializes in Maharashtrian food
* Zikomo, Pune, which serves contemporary Western International food along with regional Indian dishes
* Trikaya, Pune, winner of the Times Good Food Guide "Best Pan Asian Restaurant" twice in its first three years of operation
* Gypsy Chinese, Dubai, which specializes in Chinese and Thai cuisine.
* Tenzo Temple, Thane, a multi-cuisine restaurant.

===Books===
Nilesh is the author of successful culinary books. His breakfast cookbook ''Good Morning Cookbook'' along with ''Good Morning Nyahari'' and ''Chaupati food'' authored in Marathi are popular among food enthusiasts.

===Television===
[[File: Neelesh TV.jpg|thumb|Nilesh on his TV show]]
He was a consultant chef and host to one of the weekly episodes in TV show ''Amhi Sare Khawaiye''. ''Amhi Saare Khavvaiyye'' (We all Gourmet) is a popular cooking show on Zee Marathi (an Indian regional channel).

He was the Host Judge of ''[[Mallika-E-Kitchen]]'' show on Colors.

==Philanthropy==

He is a member of Western India Chefs Association affiliated to the Indian Federation of Culinary Arts. Limaye actively participated in various community welfare programs during the Culinary Congress held in 2007.

He organized a charity luncheon and Blood Donation Camp on International Chefs Day. He was the tastemaker for the Shiv Vada Pav concept. The Shiv Vada Pav scheme was [[Shiv Sena]]'s ambitious project to globalise the city's trademark dish, while providing employment to Marathi youth.

==External links==
*[http://nileshlimaye.com/index.php Nilesh's Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512233204/http://www.nileshlimaye.com/index.php |date=12 May 2017 }}
*[http://www.thetrikaya.com/ Work at Trikaya, Pune]
*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/Neelesh-Limaye/316070598427267/ Official Facebook Page]
*[http://nileshlimaye.com/blog/ Chef's Blog]
*[http://msihmctalumni.com/coreteam/neelesh.html MSHIMCT Pune]

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Limaye, Nilesh}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television chefs]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]

Raman Soni

2026-01-04T09:41:42Z

AyushAmar: adding a article!

{{Short description|Indian critic and translator}}
{{distinguish|Ramanlal Soni}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Raman Soni
| image = Raman Soni.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1946|7|7}}
| birth_place = Chitroda, [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] (now in [[Sabarkantha district]] of [[Gujarat]]), India
| occupation = literary critic, editor, translator and bibliographer
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = Indian
| education = PhD
| alma_mater = L. D. Arts College, [[Ahmedabad]]
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| awards =
| signature = Raman Soni autograph.svg
| years_active =
| module = {{Infobox academic
| child = yes
| doctoral_advisor = [[Chimanlal Trivedi]]
| thesis_title = Ushnasnu Sarjan Ane Vivechan
| thesis_url = http://hdl.handle.net/10603/48440
| thesis_year = 1980
| doctoral_students=
}}
}}
'''Raman Kantilal Soni''' (born 7 July 1946) is a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] literary critic and editor from [[Gujarat]], India. He taught Gujarati at various colleges in Gujarat. He edited ''Pratyaksha'', a literary criticism magazine, from 1991 to 2017. He has edited several collections of short stories and poetry as well as catalogs and writer-specific collections.

==Biography==
Raman Soni was born on 7 July 1946 in Chitroda village near [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] (now in [[Sabarkantha district]] of Gujarat). He completed [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]] in 1963. He completed BA in 1967 from L. D. Arts College, [[Ahmedabad]] and MA in 1969 from [[Gujarat University]]. He served as a professor in the Arts-Science College in [[Petlad]] in 1970–71. He served as the professor of Gujarati and later the Head of the Department in Arts-Commerce College in [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] from 1971 to 1989. He received PhD in 1981 for his thesis ''Ushnasnu Sarjan Ane Vivechan'' on Gujarati writer [[Ushnas]]. He joined the Department of Gujarati in [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1989 as a reader and retired as the professor. From 1980 to 1985, he served as an editor and co-editor of ''Gujarati Sahityakosh'' published by [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]].<ref name="desai 2018" /> He founded and edited ''Pratyaksha'', the only Gujarati literary criticism magazine of its time, from 1991 to its closure in 2017.<ref name="desai 2018" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Samayik Kosh |publisher=Gurjar Sahitya Prakashan |isbn=9789394096110 |editor-last=Vyas |editor-first=Kishor |edition=1st |location=Ahmedabad |publication-date=2022-05-01 |pages=104, 187 |language=gu |script-title=gu:સામયિક કોશ}}</ref> He has worked as an honorary secretary and later as the president of Gujarati Adhyapak Sangh. He was a member of advisory committee of [[Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name="desai 2018">{{cite book|last=Desai|first=Parul Kandarp|title=Gujarātī Sāhityano Itihāsa (Svātantryottara Yuga - 2)|script-title=gu:ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઇતિહાસ (સ્વાતંત્રયોત્તર યુગ - 2)|trans-title=History of Gujarati Literature (Post-independence Era - 2)|publisher=K. L. Study Centre, [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|isbn=978-81-939074-1-2|editor-last=Desai|editor-first=Parul Kandarp|series=8|volume=2|location=Ahmedabad|date=November 2018|pages=306–313|language=gu}}</ref>

==Works==
Soni has published several works of literary criticism including ''Kavitanu Shikshan'' (1978, with [[Manilal H. Patel]]), ''Vivechansandarbh'' (1994), ''Sabhipray'' (1998), ''Samaksh'' (2001), ''Paroksh-Pratyakshe'' (2004), ''Mathavu Na Mithya'' (2009), ''Giridharo ane Pichchhdahroni Vachche'' (2013),<ref name="desai 2018"/> ''Pratyakshiya'' (2018) and ''Mari Nazare'' (2022).{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} He wrote three works on writer-specific criticism: ''Khabardar'' (1981) on [[Ardeshar Khabardar]], ''Ushnas: Sarjak Ane Vivechak'' (his thesis on Ushnas, 1984) and ''Krishnalal Shridharani'' (1998) on [[Krishnalal Shridharani]].<ref name="desai 2018"/>

He has edited the collections of short stories and poetry as well as catalogs and writer-specific collections. The short stories collections edited by him include Bhupesh Adhvaryu's ''Hanuman Lav Kush Milan'' (1995), [[Ramnarayan V. Pathak]]'s ''Dwirefni Uttam Vartao'' (1999) and ''2001ni Shreshth Vartao'' (The Best Stories of 2001, published in 2002). He edited poetry collections such as Krishnalal Shridharani's ''Shridharanina Uttam Kavyo'' (2000), ''Gujarati Kavitachayan 1995'' (1998) and Ushnas's ''Chahera Ane Rasto'' (1999). ''Vidyaparva'' (2002) includes the academic articles published in the remembrance conference held following deaths of [[Harivallabh Bhayani]] and [[Jayant Kothari]]. ''Nepathyethi Prakashvartulma'' (1996) is a collection of articles by 45 Gujarati editors regarding their editing activities. ''Samayik Lekhsuchi'' (2006) includes the list of articles published in 22 magazines between 1996 and 2000.<ref name="desai 2018" /> He edited [[Premanand Bhatt|Premanand]]'s three works: ''Chandrahasakhyan'' (1995), ''[[Nalakhyan]]'' (2005) and ''Okhaharan'' (2005).<ref name="desai 2018"/> Other works edited by him include ''Roopaksaptak'' (2003), ''Gujarati Sahityano Itihas'' Series 1-4 (History of Gujarati Literature, published 2001–2005) as well as ''Anuvad: Siddhant Ane Samiksha'' (2009).<ref name="desai 2018"/> He has edited ''Avalokan-vishva'' (2017), a collection of articles on 85 contemporary Indian and foreign language works.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

He translated two works in Gujarati: ''[[Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window]]'' as ''Tottochan'' (2001)<ref name="desai 2018"/> and [[Peter Bichsel]]'s ''Kindergeschichten'' as '' America Chhe Ne, Chhe Ja Nahi'', a collection of children's stories.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* {{GujLit author}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soni, Raman}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Sabarkantha district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian literary historians]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bibliographers]]

S. E. Runganadhan

2026-01-01T01:52:25Z

AyushAmar: adding new entry!

{{Short description|Indian educationalist and diplomat (1877–1966)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
[[File:S. E. Runganadhan in 1940.jpg|thumb|Runganadhan in 1940]]

[[Dewan Bahadur]] '''Sir Samuel Ebenezer Runganadhan''' (also '''Ranganathan'''; 30 December 1877 – 7 November 1966)<ref name="Times_obit">{{cite news |author= |title=Sir Samuel Runganadhan: Former Indian High Commissioner |work=The Times |date=23 November 1966 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp56019/samuel-e-runganadhan National Portrait Gallery]</ref> was an Indian [[educationist]] who served successively as Vice-Chancellor of [[Annamalai University]] and [[Madras University]] and as the final permanent [[High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner for India]] under the [[British Empire]] from 1943 to 1947.<ref>"The British Commonwealth – India and Dependencies: Government and Constitution," pg. 112, ''The Statesman's Year Book, 1946,'' Epstein. Macmillan. London 1946</ref>

==Life==
Runganadhan was born to Reverend C. Runganadhan of the [[London Missionary Society]]. In 1908, he entered the Madras Provincial Educational Service. Later he was promoted to the Indian Educational Service in 1921, which had hitherto been mainly reserved for British educationists.<ref name="Times_obit"/> He married Leila Rau, daughter of K. Krishna Rau of Madras, and had a son and a daughter. From 1929 to 1935, he served as Vice-Chancellor of [[Annamalai University]]. He was a delegate to the Congress of the Universities of the Empire, held in [[Edinburgh]] in 1931. Subsequently, he was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of [[University of Madras]] from 1937 to 1940. He was president of the Indian Christian Association of Madras and vice-president of the All-India Christian Conference. In 1938, he was elected a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] of the [[Madras Presidency]], serving until 1940, when he became the adviser to the [[Secretary of State for India]]. From 1938–1939, he was the Chairman of the Inter-Universities Board of India.<ref>pg 2631, ''Who's Who'', 1960</ref>

Conferred the title of ''Dewan Bahadur'' in 1937, Runganadhan was knighted in the [[1943 New Year Honours]] list and appointed the last High Commissioner for India in May 1943.<ref name="Times_obit"/><ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35841/pages/2 The London Gazette, 1 January 1943]</ref><ref>"The British Commonwealth - India and Dependencies: Government and Constitution," pg. 112, ''The Statesman's Year Book, 1946,'' Epstein. Macmillan. London 1946</ref> During his tenure as High Commissioner, he raised £40,000 to aid victims of the [[Bengal Famine of 1943|Bengal Famine]].<ref name="Times_obit"/> He was a delegate to the Conference of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] in December 1942, and the leader of the Indian delegations to the 1945 [[International Labour Conference]] (Paris), the 1946 Conference (Montreal) and to the [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1946, signing the peace treaties on behalf of India.<ref name="Times_obit"/><ref>pg 2631, ''Who's Who'', 1960</ref> He retired as High Commissioner in April 1947, shortly before Indian independence, and died in Bangalore, aged 88.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Runganadhan, Samuel}}
[[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Indian Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1966 deaths]]
[[Category:Educators from British India]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Azizul Haque (educator)|Azizul Haque]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner for India]]|years=1943 - 1947}}
{{s-aft|after=''[[M. K. Vellodi]]'' (acting)}}
{{s-end}}

Atul Kasbekar

2025-12-24T15:18:23Z

AyushAmar: Started a data - done

{{Short description|Indian fashion photographer (born 1965)}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Celebs graces the launch of the Tod’s store 05.jpg
| name = Atul Kasbekar
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age| df=yes | 1965|04|22}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Brooks Institute]], [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], US
| occupation = Photographer
| years_active = 1991–present<ref name=" AK Profile " />
| known_for = [[Fashion photography]]
| notable_works = [[Kingfisher Calendar]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.atulkasbekar.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Atul Kasbekar''' (born 22 April 1965)<ref name=Campion>{{cite web |url=http://campionites.com/spotlight_detail.html?Id=15 |title=Atul Kasbekar |website=[[Campion School, Mumbai|Old Campionites' Association]] |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> is an Indian [[Fashion photography|fashion photographer]], recognised for his [[Kingfisher Calendar]] shoots. He owns Bling! Entertainment Solutions and Corporate Image, and is a [[Bollywood]] film producer through partnership in Ellipsis Entertainment.

==Education==
Atul Kasbekar was born in Mumbai, where he studied at [[Campion School, Mumbai|Campion School]]<ref name=Campion/> and [[Jai Hind College]] (University of Mumbai).<ref name=Lopez>{{cite news |author=Rachel Lopez |title=Personal Agenda: Atul Kasbekar, photographer|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Personal-Agenda-Atul-Kasbekar-photographer/Article1-985016.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106115819/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Personal-Agenda-Atul-Kasbekar-photographer/Article1-985016.aspx |type=interview, Brunch section|url-status=dead |archive-date=6 January 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=4 January 2013 }}</ref> Then he joined UDCT (now [[Institute of Chemical Technology]]), [[Mumbai]] for chemical engineering but dropped out in his second year to become a photographer,<ref name=ht>{{cite news |author=Priyanka Jain |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lifestyle/FashionAndBeauty/Not-just-glam-and-money-Atul-Kasbekar/Article1-695711.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120164135/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lifestyle/FashionAndBeauty/Not-just-glam-and-money-Atul-Kasbekar/Article1-695711.aspx |archive-date=20 January 2012 |title=Not just glam and money: Atul Kasbekar |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=10 May 2011 |type=interview }}</ref><ref name=Rediff>{{cite web |author=Lata Kubchandani |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-achievers-interview-with-atul-kasbekar/20101018.htm |title='Today a photographer doesn't need the knowledge of shooting' |website=[[Rediff.com]] |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=5 September 2023 |type=interview }}</ref> after seeking out [[Gautam Rajadhyaksha]] for advice.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/Atul-Kasbekar-on-Gautam-Rajadhyaksha/articleshow/1181850360.cms |title=Atul Kasbekar on Gautam Rajadhyaksha |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |date=29 December 2001 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> He graduated from the [[Brooks Institute]] in [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], US.<ref name="AK Profile">{{cite news|title=Bio |website=Atul Kasbekar|url=http://www.atulkasbekar.com/?page_id=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615065700/http://www.atulkasbekar.com/?page_id=5 |archive-date=15 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=hindu/> In Los Angeles, he worked as a trainee with photographers including Dennis Gray, [[Ron Slenzak]], James B Wood, Jay Silverman, Jay P Morgan, Bill Werts and David Le Bon.<ref name=ht/>

==Career==
===Photography===
Kasbekar returned to India in 1990. In 1991, he began his professional career as a photographer by starting a studio named Negative Space.<ref name="AK Profile" /> He named commercial assignments for [[Vadilal]] and at [[Lintas]] advertising as having launched his career.<ref name=Rediff/>

Kasbekar is known for shooting the [[Kingfisher Calendar]], featuring models clad in swimsuits,<ref name=hindu>{{cite news |author=Shalini Shah |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article2740015.ece |title=Sees, shoots and leaves |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308012747/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article2740015.ece |archive-date=8 March 2014 |type=interview }}</ref> some of whom went on to successful acting careers.<ref name=ht/>

===Companies===
In 2006, Kasbekar started Corporate Image, an identity and image management company for organisations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k6/june/junemam139.htm |title=Atul Kasbekar unveils new company 'Corporate Image' |website=Indiantelevision.com |date=30 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060704181013/http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k6/june/junemam139.htm |archive-date=4 July 2006 }}</ref>

He is also the frontman of celebrity management company Bling! Entertainment Solutions,<ref name=Lopez/><ref>{{cite news |author=Mini Dixit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/want-a-career-in-celebrity-management-the-best-in-the-field-atul-kasbekar-tells-you-the-what-and-how-of-it-316273-2016-04-04 |title=Want a career in celebrity management? Atul Kasbekar tells you what it takes |website=[[India Today]] |date=5 April 2016 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> which started in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bling Entertainment|url=http://www.blingglobal.com/}}</ref>

===Film production===
Kasbekar has co-produced [[Bollywood]] films including ''[[Neerja]]'' (2016),<ref>{{cite news |author1=Lopamudra Ghatak |author2=Sarwat Fatima |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/bollywood-now-understands-the-economics-of-film-making-says-neerja-producer-atul-kasbekar/articleshow/51764091.cms |title=Bollywood now understands the economics of film-making, says 'Neerja' producer Atul Kasbekar |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=11 April 2016 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://exhibitmag.com/photographer-of-the-month-atul-kasbekar/ |title=Photographer of the Month – Atul Kasbekar |magazine=Exhibit magazine |type=interview |date=1 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315200010/http://exhibitmag.com/photographer-of-the-month-atul-kasbekar/ |archive-date=15 March 2018 }}</ref> ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]'' (2017),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tumhari-sulu-star-vidya-balan-thanks-atul-kasbekar/articleshow/61769769.cms |title=Tumhari Sulu star Vidya Balan thanks Atul Kasbekar |newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> ''[[Why Cheat India]]'' (2019),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/atul-kasbekar-soumik-sen-cheat-india-sexual-misconduct-allegations-5410146/ |title=Atul Kasbekar denies sexual misconduct allegations against Cheat India director Soumik Sen |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> and ''[[Looop Lapeta]]'' (2022).<ref name=vision>{{cite news |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/14/33288/we-trusted-aakash-bhatia-with-his-unique-mad-vision-says-atul-kasbekar-of-looop-lapeta |title=We trusted Aakash Bhatia with his unique, mad vision, says Atul Kasbekar of Looop Lapeta |website=Cinestaan |date=14 February 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214105138/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/14/33288/we-trusted-aakash-bhatia-with-his-unique-mad-vision-says-atul-kasbekar-of-looop-lapeta |archive-date=14 February 2022 }}</ref> He formed production company Ellipsis Entertainment with Tanuj Garg in 2016.<ref name=vision/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/balaji-motion-ex-ceo-tanuj-garg-teams-up-with-atul-kasbekar-to-set-up-film-company/articleshow/54320213.cms |title=Balaji Motion ex-CEO Tanuj Garg teams up with Atul Kasbekar to set up film company |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=14 September 2016 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref>

==Recognition==
Kasbekar and Vijay Mallya of UB Group won for the Kingfisher Calendar at the 2004 International Food and Beverage Creative Excellence Awards, and again in 2005, when they were the only Indian awardees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/11633_kingfisher-calendar-kasbekar-win-fab-awards-again |title=Kingfisher calendar, Kasbekar win FAB Awards again |website=afaqs! |date=2 June 2005 |access-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref>

He has served as honorary chairman of the Photographer's Guild of India.<ref name=" AK Profile " /><ref name=hindu/>

==Personal life==
Kasbekar and his wife Vandana have twin children, Arnav Kasbekar and Naomi Kasbekar. <ref name=Campion/><ref name=Lopez/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130930093157/https://www.atulkasbekar.com/ Official website], archived from [http://www.atulkasbekar.com the original] on 30 September 2013

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasbekar, Atul}}
[[Category:Indian fashion photographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Brooks Institute alumni]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Photographers from Maharashtra]]

Jayalakshmipuram

2025-12-04T13:15:45Z

AyushAmar: Stub

{{Short description|Commercial and residential suburb of Mysore, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

'''Jayalakshmipuram''' is an urban commercial and residential [[suburb]] of [[Mysore]] city in [[Karnataka]] state, India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-05 |title=Purams of Mysuru |url=https://starofmysore.com/purams-of-mysuru/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref> Residence of Noted Kannada Poet [[Javaregowda]] is located in Jayalakshmipuram.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-19 |title=Organic farmers, buyers unite to avoid middlemen |url=https://starofmysore.com/organic-farmers-buyers-unite-to-avoid-middlemen/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Social worker Vani Venkatram no more |url=https://starofmysore.com/social-worker-vani-venkatram-no-more/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Named after Jayalakshammani (1881–1924), Princess of [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X]] who married her youngest maternal uncle in 1897, Mr. [[M. Kantaraj Urs]], Diwan of Mysore (1919 - 1922). Her residence [[Jayalakshmi Vilas|Jayalakshmi Vilas Palace]] built for her name in Manasa Gangotri is now a Post-Graduate Centre of the [[University of Mysore]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=11 given lifer in Paduvarahalli Devu’s murder case – Mysuru Today |url=https://citytoday.news/11-given-lifer-in-paduvarahalli-devus-murder-case/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Location ==
Located between [[State Highway 88 (Karnataka)|Hunsur Road]] and [[Kalidasa Road]], Jayalakshmipuram is famous for BM Habitat Mall, BM Hospital St Joseph's Primary School, [[SBRR Mahajana First Grade College]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA L Nagendra unveils a name board – Mysuru Today |url=https://citytoday.news/mla-l-nagendra-unveils-a-name-board/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308124821/https://citytoday.news/mla-l-nagendra-unveils-a-name-board/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|12.322972420983655|76.62216422313962|display=title}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Mysore]]
[[Category:Mysore North]]

Government Degree College, Kalakote

2025-11-27T01:31:53Z

AyushAmar: New New Post W/ Infobox

{{Short description|College in Rajouri, Jammu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Government Degree College Kalakote

| image = GDC Kalakote.jpeg
| other_name = GDC Kalakote
| motto = Character is Supreme
| type = [[Government degree colleges in India|Government]]
| established = 2011
| academic_affiliations = [[University of Jammu]]
| location = [[Kalakote]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], 185202, [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|33|12|36.86|N|74|25|8.9|E|format=dms|region:IN-JK_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| campus = Rural
| campus_size = {{Convert|5|acre}}
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| website = https://gdckalakote.in/
}}

'''Government Degree College Kalakote''' ('''GDC Kalakote''') is a government run educational college located in the [[Kalakote|Kalakote town]] of [[Rajouri district]] in the Indian union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is affiliated with [[University of Jammu|Jammu University]] and is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=List of colleges under Jammu University |url=https://www.jammuuniversity.ac.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/NEWLIST2020-21_without_seat.pdf |website=[[University of Jammu]] |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref>

== History ==
On June 30, 2011, [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir government]] has approved setting up of 22 new degree colleges in the state (now UT). The degree colleges were purposed to set up under the centrally sponsored scheme ''Establishment of Model Degree Colleges in Educationally Backward districts''.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2011 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=22 new degree colleges to come up in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/22-new-degree-colleges-to-come-up-in-jk/article2147015.ece/ |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Academics ==
The college offers [[Bachelor of Arts]] and [[Bachelor of Science]] degrees in various subjects. There are total of 161 students and 8 teachers in college.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=GDC Kalakote highlights schemes of HED at "MY TOWN MY PRIDE" Programme |url=http://www.earlytimes.in/m/newsdet.aspx?q=301742 |website=[[Early Times (newspaper)|Early Times]]}}</ref> Many camps, conferences and awareness programs also organized for students.<ref>
* {{cite web |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=GDC Kalakote holds virtual national conference |url= https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/gdc-kalakote-holds-virtual-national-conference/ |website=[[Daily Excelsior]]}}
* {{cite web |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=GDC Kalakote organize winter camp |url= http://risingkashmir.com/gdc-kalakote-organizes-weeklong-winter-camp |website=[[Rising Kashmir]]}}
* {{cite web |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=GDC Kalakote holds quiz competition |url= https://news.statetimes.in/gdc-kalakote-holds-quiz-competition/ |website=[[State Times]]}}</ref>

== Campus ==
[[File:GDC Kalakote Chainpur Campus.png|left|thumb|GDC Kalakote new campus]]
The old campus of GDC Kalakote was inside the campus of Government Higher Secondary School Kalakote and was functioning with only three rooms.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2020 |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=Newly established Kalakote college operates from 3 rooms |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/pir-panjal/newly-established-kalakote-college-operates-from-3-rooms |website=[[Greater Kashmir]]}}</ref> In 2023, classes were moved to the newly built campus at Chainpur village about 2 km away from old campus. The new campus is a two-floor building with classrooms, library, computer lab and some open area for sports and other activities.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2020 |access-date=2 March 2023 |title=Classes started in new building of GDC Kalakote |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/jk-classes-start-in-new-building-of-government-degree-college-kalakote-in-rajouri/videoshow/97802281.cms |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kalakote]]
* [[Thermal Power Plant Kalakote]]
* [[Kalakote Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Jammu Division]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:University of Jammu]]

Hancock Bridge, Mumbai

2025-11-25T06:06:02Z

AyushAmar: Post.

{{Short description|Bridge in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox bridge
|image=
|caption=
|official_name= Hancock Bridge
|carries=
|crosses= Suburban railway stations of [[Sandhurst Road]] and [[Byculla railway station|Byculla]]
|locale= [[Mumbai]]
|maint= [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]]
|builder =
|length=
|width=
|height= 4.27 metres<ref>{{cite news|author1=Shashank Rao|title=Mumbai: With Hancock bridge gone, CR may be able to add more trains|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-with-hancock-bridge-gone-cr-may-be-able-to-add-more-trains/16849181|accessdate=12 January 2016|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=11 January 2016|location=Mumbai}}</ref>
|clearance=
|below=
|traffic=
|material=
|begin=
|complete= {{start date|df=yes|1879}} (Built), {{start date|df=yes|1923}} (Rebuilt)<ref>{{cite news|title=CR operates 18-hr mega block to dismantle British-era bridge|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cr-operates-18-hr-mega-block-to-dismantle-british-era-bridge-116011000652_1.html|accessdate=11 January 2016|work=Business Standard|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=10 January 2016|location=Mumbai}}</ref>
|open=
| closed = {{start date|df=yes|2015|11|18}}
|toll=
|coordinates = {{coord|18.96484|72.83867|display=inline,title}}
}}

The '''Hancock Bridge''' was a [[bridge]] in [[Mumbai]] located between the Suburban railway stations of [[Sandhurst Road]] and [[Byculla railway station|Byculla]]. The bridge was initially built in 1879 and then underwent reconstruction in 1923 before it was demolished in January 2016 for another reconstruction.

== History ==
Hancock Bridge was first built in 1879 during the [[British Raj|British India]] era.<ref name = "ndtv">{{cite news|title=Central Railway Operates 18-Hour Mega Block To Dismantle British-Era Bridge|url=http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/central-railway-operates-18-hour-mega-block-to-dismantle-british-era-bridge-1264218|accessdate=13 January 2016|work=NDTV.com|agency=Press Trust of India|date=10 January 2016|location=Mumbai}}</ref> It was named after Colonel H. F. Hancock, who served as member and President of the then Bombay Municipal Corporation (presently the [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]]) during that period.<ref>{{cite news|title=CR operates 18-hr mega block to dismantle British-era bridge : PTI feed, News – India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/cr-operates-18-hr-mega-block-to-dismantle-british-era-bridge-485649-2016-01-11|access-date=13 January 2016|work=India Today|agency=Press Trust of India|date=11 January 2016|location=Mumbai}}</ref> The bridge was then rebuilt in 1923.<ref name = "ndtv"/>

After demolition in 2016, Hancock Bridge will again be rebuilt by the MCGM while preserving some of its old structures.<ref name="tobedemolished">{{cite news|author1=Sujit Mahamulkar|author2=Shashank Rao|title=135-year-old piece of Mumbai history to be demolished|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/135-year-old-piece-of-mumbai-history-to-be-demolished/15202067|accessdate=13 January 2016|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=3 April 2014|location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref name = "ndtv"/>

== Demolition ==
The demolition plan had been on papers since 2014 as the bridge had become weak and thus limited traffic was permitted. Demolition was also planned in order to facilitate the conversion of the railway electrification along the [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]] of the Mumbai Suburban railway from 1,500-volt DC to 25,000-volt AC which requires a minimum distance of {{convert|21|cm|inch}} between the roof of the train and the base of a bridge.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Rajendra B Aklekar|title=2 century-old bridges to be pulled down – Mumbai Mirror -|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/2-century-old-bridges-to-be-pulled-down/articleshow/46137881.cms|accessdate=13 January 2016|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=6 February 2015|location=Mumbai}}</ref> The [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]] (MCGM) and [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]] at the same time stated their intentions to preserve old structures and thus the demolition and reconstruction was being planned accordingly. In 2014, it was confirmed that MCGM would pay for the demolition and reconstruction.<ref name="tobedemolished" /> Demolition of the Hancock Bridge began in November 2015 and the bridge has been closed for pedestrian traffic since then.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Somit Sen|title=Hancock bridge to close from Wed|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Hancock-bridge-to-close-from-Wed/articleshow/49808364.cms|accessdate=12 January 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 November 2015|location=Mumbai}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rail transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1879]]
[[Category:Bridges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former bridges in India]]
[[Category:Railway bridges in India]]
[[Category:Former railway bridges in India]]

Rudra Pratap Singh (ruler)

2025-11-13T21:39:29Z

AyushAmar: adding a bio

{{short description|Maharaja of Panna from 1870 to 1893}}
{{infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharaja]] [[Mahendra]]
| succession = [[Maharaja]] of [[Panna State|Panna]]
| reign = 9 June 1870{{Sndash}}{{Avoid wrap|8 November 1893}}
| predecessor = [[Nirpat Singh]]
| successor = [[Lokpal Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1848|07|10|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1893|11|08|1848|07|10|df=yes}}
| dynasty = [[Bundela]]
| house = [[Panna State|Panna]]
| father = [[Nirpat Singh]]
}}
[[Sir]] '''Rudra Pratap Singh''' [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] was the [[Maharaja]] of [[Panna State|Panna]] from 1870 until his death in 1893.

==Biography==
He was born on 10 July 1848 to [[Nirpat Singh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Golden_Book_of_India_A_Genealogical/zykYAAAAYAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon |date=1900 |publisher=S. Low, Marston & Company |pages=230 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498972/ |title=A Collection Of Treaties Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries Vol-v(1909) |date=1909 |pages=19}}</ref> He succeeded his father as [[Maharaja]] of [[Panna State|Panna]] on 9 June 1870.<ref name=":0" /> On 1 January 1876, he was invested in [[Calcutta]] by [[Edward VII]], then [[Prince of Wales]], with the insignia of a [[Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the Star of India]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> He attended the [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1877|Delhi Durbar of 1877]], where his personal salute was increased by two guns.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mauji |first=Purushottama Viṣrama |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03015/ |title=Imperial Durbar Album |date=1911 |publisher=Lakshmi Arts, Bombay |pages=141}}</ref> He was also presented with a banner and a medal.<ref name=":2" /> He appointed an English architect to build the Baldeoji Temple in [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh|Panna]] on the design of [[St Paul's Cathedral|St. Paul's Cathedral]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Penguin_Guide_to_the_Monuments_of_In/iUDqAAAAMAAJ |title=The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India: Islamic, Rajput, European |last2=Davies |first2=Philip H. |date=1989 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-80847-2 |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ruling_Chiefs_Nobles_and_Zamindars_o/LfoxAQAAMAAJ |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles and Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |pages=303–306 |language=en}}</ref> The same architect built Panna Palace for him in 1886.<ref name=":3" />

He died on 8 November 1893.<ref name=":1" /> Since he left behind no heirs, his brother, [[Lokpal Singh]], succeeded to his title, rank, and dignity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=India |first=Central |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Central_India_State_Gazetteer_Series/W_8bAQAAIAAJ |title=The Central India State Gazetteer Series |date=1907 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:Rajas of Panna]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]