Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of talukas of Gujarat

2026-05-03T15:44:32Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding data

{{short description|Talukas of Gujarat}}
{{see also|Districts of Gujarat|Cities of Gujarat|Metropolitan areas of Gujarat}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Talukas of Gujarat
| map = Gujarat Talukas Map 2011.svg
| category = pooty
| territory = [[Gujarat]]
| start_date =
| current_number = 267 Talukas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat {{!}} District Portal |url=https://gujarat.s3waas.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=gujarat.s3waas.gov.in}}</ref>
| number_date =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = [[Government of Gujarat]]
| subdivision =
| caption = Talukas of Gujarat 2011
}}

[[Gujarat]] has 267 [[Tehsil|talukas]] ([[tehsil]]s,[[Sub district in India|sub-district]]s).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Speak |first=Hindi |date=2023-03-02 |title=गुजरात के तालुके कितने हैं ? {{!}} Gujarat ke Taluka Kitne Hai |url=https://hindispeak.com/gujarat-ke-taluka-kitne-hai/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=HindiSpeak |language=en}}</ref> Each of these talukas are headed by a [[Tehsildar|Mamlatdar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Functions of Mamlatdar, (Taluka Office) |url=https://collectorvadodara.gujarat.gov.in/mamlatdar-office}}</ref>

The urban status is listed for the headquarters town of the taluka, rural talukas are much larger. Urban status follows the census standard.

* M.Corp. = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
* C.M.C. = [[Nagar palika|City Municipal Council]]
* T.M.C. = [[Nagar panchayat|Town Municipal Council]]
* T.P.    = [[Town Panchayat]]
* G.P. = [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]]

== Table ==
{{see also|Demographics of districts of Gujarat#Demographics}}
The table below lists all the talukas in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]], by [[Districts of India|district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gstfc.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=40|title=District and Taluka Panchayats|website=Gstfc.gujarat.gov.in|accessdate=27 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018043144/http://gstfc.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=40|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=pankaj |date=2022-06-02 |title=Gujarat Taluka List 2023 - PDF Download |url=https://aiemd.org/gujarat-taluka-list-pdf/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=AIEMD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Village map |url=https://revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/village-map |website=Revenue department of Gujarat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Talukas |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s38d317bdcf4aafcfc22149d77babee96d/uploads/2018/08/2018080164.pdf}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |S.No.
! rowspan="2" |[[District]]
! rowspan="2" |Headquarters
! rowspan="2" |Taluks
! rowspan="2" |'''Total Villages'''
! rowspan="2" |District Map
! rowspan="2" |Taluka Map
|-

|-
|1
|[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|[[Ahmedabad|Ahmedabad City]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Ahmedabad city (tehsil)|Ahmadabad]]
|-
|2
|[[Bavla (tehsil)|Bavla]]
|-
|3
|[[Daskroi Taluka|Daskroi]]
|-
|4
|[[Detroj-Rampura]]
|-
|5
|[[Dhandhuka (tehsil)|Dhandhuka]]
|-
|6
|[[Dholera]]
|-
|7
|[[Dholka Taluka|Dholka]]
|-
|8
|[[Mandal (tehsil)|Mandal]]
|-
|9
|[[Sanand (tehsil)|Sanand]]
|-
|10
|[[Viramgam Taluka|Viramgam]]
|}
|558<ref name="Ahmedabad Dist">{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} Ahmedabad District, Government Of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://ahmedabad.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|[[File:Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:અમદાવાદ જિલ્લો તાલુકાઓ સાથે.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|2
|[[Amreli district|Amreli]]
|[[Amreli]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Amreli]]
|-
|2
|[[Babra, Gujarat|Babra]]
|-
|3
|[[Bagasara]]
|-
|4
|[[Dhari, Gujarat|Dhari]]
|-
|5
|[[Jafrabad]]
|-
|6
|[[Khambhat|Khambha]]
|-
|7
|[[Kunkavav Vadia Taluka|Kunkavav vadia]]
|-
|8
|[[Lathi, Gujarat|Lathi]]
|-
|9
|Lilia
|-
|10
|[[Rajula]]
|-
|11
|[[Savarkundla]]
|}
|598
|[[File:Amreli_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Amreli Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|3
|[[Anand District|Anand]]
|[[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
|-
|2
|[[Anklav]]
|-
|3
|[[Borsad]]
|-
|4
|[[Khambhat]]
|-
|5
|[[Petlad]]
|-
|6
|[[Sojitra]]
|-
|7
|[[Tarapur, Gujarat|Tarapur]]
|-
|8
|[[Umreth]]
|}
|365
|[[File:Anand_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Anand Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|4
|[[Aravalli District|Aravalli]]
|[[Modasa]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|Bayad
|-
|2
|[[Bhiloda]]
|-
|3
|[[Dhansura]]
|-
|4
|[[Malpur, Aravalli|Malpur]]
|-
|5
|[[Meghraj]]
|-
|6
|[[Modasa]]
|-
|7
|[[Shamlaji]]
|-
|8
|[[Sathamba]]
|}
|682
|[[File:Aravalli_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Aravalli Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|5
|[[Banaskantha District|Banaskantha]]
|[[Palanpur]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Amirgadh]]
|-
|2
|[[Dhanera]]
|-
|3
|[[Deesa]]
|-
|4
|[[Danta, Banaskantha|Danta]]
|-
|5
|[[Dantiwada]]
|-
|6
|[[Palanpur]]
|-
|7
|[[Vadgam]]
|-
|8
|[[Kankrej(Shihori]]
|-
|9
|[[Hadad]]
|-
|10
|[[Ogad(Thara)]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|6
|[[Bharuch District|Bharuch]]
|[[Bharuch]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Bharuch]]
|-
|2
|[[Amod, Gujarat|Amod]]
|-
|3
|[[Ankleshwar]]
|-
|4
|[[Hansot]]
|-
|5
|[[Jambusar]]
|-
|6
|[[Jhagadia]]
|-
|7
|[[Netrang]]
|-
|8
|Vagra
|-
|9
|Valia
|}
|647
|[[File:Bharuch_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|7
|[[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]]
|[[Bhavnagar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Bhavnagar]]
|-
|2
|[[Gariadhar]]
|-
|3
|[[Ghogha]]
|-
|4
|[[Jesar]]
|-
|5
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]]
|-
|6
|[[Palitana]]
|-
|7
|[[Sihor]]
|-
|8
|[[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]]
|-
|9
|Umrala
|-
|10
|[[Vallabhipur]]
|}
|800
|[[File:Bhavnagar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|8
|[[Botad District|Botad]]
|[[Botad]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Botad]]
|-
|2
|[[Barwala Taluka|Barwala]]
|-
|3
|[[Gadhada]]
|-
|4
|[[Ranpur, Gujarat|Ranpur]]
|}
|53
|[[File:Botad_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Botad Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|9
|[[Chhota Udaipur District|Chhota Udaipur]]
|[[Chhota Udaipur]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Chhota Udaipur]]
|-
|2
|[[Bodeli]]
|-
|3
|Jetpur pavi
|-
|4
|Kavant
|-
|5
|[[Nasvadi]]
|-
|6
|[[Sankheda]]
|-
|7
|[[Kadwal]]
|}
|894
|[[File:Chhota_Udaipur_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Chhota Udaipur Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|10
|[[Dahod District|Dahod]]
|[[Dahod]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Dahod]]
|-
|2
|[[Devgadh Baria|Devgadh baria]]
|-
|3
|Dhanpur
|-
|4
|Fatepura
|-
|5
|Garbada
|-
|6
|[[Limkheda]]
|-
|7
|[[Sanjeli]]
|-
|8
|[[Jhalod]]
|-
|9
|Singvad
|-
|10
|[[Sukhsar]]
|-
|11
|[[Guru Govind Limdi]]
|}
|696
|[[File:Dahod_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|11
|[[Dang District, India|Dang]]
|[[Ahwa]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Ahwa]]
|-
|2
|[[Subir]]
|-
|3
|[[Waghai]]
|}
|311
|[[File:Dang_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Dang Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|12
|[[Devbhoomi Dwarka District|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
|[[Khambhalia]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Bhanvad]]
|-
|2
|Kalyanpur
|-
|3
|[[Khambhalia]]
|-
|4
|Okhamandal
|}
|249
|[[File:Devbhoomi_Dwarka_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Devbhumi Dwarka Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|13
|[[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
|[[Gandhinagar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Gandhinagar]]
|-
|2
|[[Dahegam|Dehgam]]
|-
|3
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar|Kalol]]
|-
|4
|[[Mansa, Gujarat|Mansa]]
|}
|302
|[[File:Gandhinagar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Gandhinagar Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|14
|[[Gir Somnath District|Gir Somnath]]
|[[Veraval]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Gir Gadhada Taluka|Gir-Gadhada]]
|-
|2
|[[Kodinar]]
|-
|3
|[[Sutrapada]]
|-
|4
|[[Talala, Gujarat|Talala]]
|-
|5
|[[Una, Gujarat|Una]]
|-
|6
|Veraval
|}
|345
|[[File:Gir_Somnath_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|15
|[[Jamnagar District|Jamnagar]]
|[[Jamnagar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Jamnagar]]
|-
|2
|[[Dhrol]]
|-
|3
|[[Jam Jodhpur|Jamjodhpur]]
|-
|4
|[[Jodia, Gujarat|Jodiya]]
|-
|5
|[[Kalavad]]
|-
|6
|[[Lalpur, Jamnagar district|Lalpur]]
|}
|113
|[[File:Jamnagar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Jamnagar Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|16
|[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|[[Junagadh]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Junagadh|Junagadh City]]
|-
|2
|[[Bhesan, Surat|Bhesana]]
|-
|3
|Junagadh Rural
|-
|4
|[[Keshod]]
|-
|5
|Malia
|-
|6
|[[Manavadar]]
|-
|7
|[[Mangrol, Gujarat|Mangrol]]
|-
|8
|[[Mendarda]]
|-
|9
|[[Vanthali]]
|-
|10
|[[Visavadar]]
|}
|547
|[[File:Junagadh_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Junagadh Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|17
|[[Kutch]]
|[[Bhuj]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Abdasa Taluka|Abdasa]]
|-
|2
|[[Anjar, Gujarat|Anjar]]
|-
|3
|[[Bhachau]]
|-
|4
|[[Bhuj]]
|-
|5
|[[Gandhidham]]
|-
|6
|[[Lakhpat]]
|-
|7
|[[Mandvi]]
|-
|8
|[[Mundra]]
|-
|9
|[[Nakhatrana Taluka|Nakhatrana]]
|-
|10
|[[Rapar]]
|}
|1389
|[[File:Kutch_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Kutch Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|18
|[[Kheda District|Kheda]]
|[[Nadiad]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Kheda]]
|-
|2
|Galteshwar
|-
|3
|[[Kapadvanj]]
|-
|4
|Kathlal
|-
|5
|[[Mahudha]]
|-
|6
|Matar
|-
|7
|Mehmedabad
|-
|8
|[[Nadiad]]
|-
|9
|Thasra
|-
|10
|[[Vaso, India|Vaso]]
|-
|11
|[[Fagvel]]
|}
|620
|[[File:Kheda_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|19
|[[Mahisagar District|Mahisagar]]
|[[Lunavada]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Balasinor]]
|-
|2
|[[Kadana]]
|-
|3
|[[Khanpur taluka|Khanpur]]
|-
|4
|[[Lunavada|Lunawada]]
|-
|5
|[[Santrampur]]
|-
|6
|[[Virpur (Mahisagar)|Virpur]]
|-
|7
|[[Kothamba]]
|-
|8
|[[Godhar(Gujarat)]]
|}
|941
|[[File:Mahisagar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Mahisagar Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|20
|[[Mehsana District|Mehsana]]
|[[Mehsana]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Mehsana]]
|-
|2
|[[Becharaji]]
|-
|3
|[[Jotana taluka|Jotana]]
|-
|4
|[[Kadi taluka|Kadi]]
|-
|5
|[[Kheralu]]
|-
|6
|[[Satlasana]]
|-
|7
|[[Unjha]]
|-
|8
|[[Vadnagar]]
|-
|9
|[[Vijapur]]
|-
|10
|[[Visnagar]]
|}
|614
|[[File:Mehsana_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Mehsana Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|21
|[[Morbi District|Morbi]]
|[[Morbi]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Halvad]]
|-
|2
|[[Maliya taluka|Maliya]]
|-
|3
|[[Morbi Taluka|Morbi]]
|-
|4
|[[Tankara]]
|-
|5
|[[Wankaner]]
|}
|78
|[[File:Morbi_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Morbi Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|22
|[[Narmada District|Narmada]]
|[[Rajpipla]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Dediapada]]
|-
|2
|[[Garudeshwar taluka|Garudeshwar]]
|-
|3
|[[Nandod taluka|Nandod]]
|-
|4
|[[Sagbara Taluka|Sagbara]]
|-
|5
|[[Tilakwada]]
|-
|7
|[[Chikda]]
|}
|527
|[[File:Narmada_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Narmada Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|23
|[[Navsari District|Navsari]]
|[[Navsari]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Navsari]]
|-
|2
|[[Vansda]]
|-
|3
|[[Chikhli, Gujarat|Chikhli]]
|-
|4
|[[Gandevi]]
|-
|5
|[[Jalalpore]]
|-
|6
|[[Khergam]]
|}
|389
|[[File:Navsari_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Navsari Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|24
|[[Panchmahal District|Panchmahal]]
|[[Godhra]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Goghamba|Ghoghamba]]
|-
|2
|[[Godhra]]
|-
|3
|[[Halol]]
|-
|4
|[[Jambughoda]]
|-
|5
|[[Kalol, Panchmahal|Kalol]]
|-
|6
|[[Morwa Hadaf taluka|Morwa Hadaf]]
|-
|7
|[[Shehera taluka|Shehera]]
|}
|604
|[[File:Panchmahal_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Panchmahal Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|25
|[[Patan District|Patan]]
|[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
|-
|2
|[[Chanasma]]
|-
|3
|[[Harij]]
|-
|4
|[[Radhanpur]]
|-
|5
|[[Sami taluka|Sami]]
|-
|6
|[[Sankheswar taluka|Sankheswar]]
|-
|7
|[[Santalpur]]
|-
|8
|[[Sarasvati taluka|Sarasvati]]
|-
|9
|[[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]]
|}
|521
|[[File:Patan_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Patan Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|26
|[[Porbandar District|Porbandar]]
|[[Porbandar District|Porbandar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Porbandar]]
|-
|2
|[[Kutiyana]]
|-
|3
|[[Ranavav]]
|}
|149
|[[File:Porbandar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Porbandar Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|27
|[[Rajkot District|Rajkot]]
|[[Rajkot]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Rajkot]]
|-
|2
|[[Dhoraji]]
|-
|3
|[[Gondal, India|Gondal]]
|-
|4
|[[Jam Kandorna|Jamkandorna]]
|-
|5
|[[Jasdan]]
|-
|6
|[[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]]
|-
|7
|[[Kotada Sangani taluka|Kotada Sangani]]
|-
|8
|[[Lodhika taluka|Lodhika]]
|-
|9
|[[Paddhari]]
|-
|10
|[[Upleta]]
|-
|11
|[[Vinchchiya taluka|Vinchchiya]]
|}
|856
|[[File:Rajkot_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Rajkot Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|28
|[[Sabarkantha District|Sabarkantha]]
|[[Himmatnagar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Himatnagar]]
|-
|2
|[[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]]
|-
|3
|[[Khedbrahma]]
|-
|4
|[[Poshina]]
|-
|5
|[[Prantij]]
|-
|6
|[[Talod]]
|-
|7
|[[Vadali, Gujarat|Vadali]]
|-
|8
|[[Vijaynagar taluka|Vijaynagar]]
|}
|702
|[[File:Sabarkantha_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|29
|[[Surat District|Surat]]
|[[Surat City]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Surat]]
|-
|2
|[[Bardoli]]
|-
|3
|[[Choryasi Taluka|Choryasi]]
|-
|4
|[[Kamrej]]
|-
|5
|[[Mahuva, Surat|Mahuva]]
|-
|6
|[[Mandvi]]
|-
|7
|[[Mangrol, Gujarat|Mangrol]]
|-
|8
|[[Olpad]]
|-
|9
|[[Palsana taluka|Palsana]]
|-
|10
|[[Umarpada]]
|-
|11
|[[Areth]]
|-
|12
|[[Ambika]]
|}
|729
|[[File:Surat_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|30
|[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|[[Surendranagar]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Chotila]]
|-
|2
|[[Chuda taluka|Chuda]]
|-
|3
|[[Dasada taluka|Dasada]]
|-
|4
|[[Dhrangadhra]]
|-
|5
|[[Lakhtar taluka|Lakhtar]]
|-
|6
|[[Limbdi]]
|-
|7
|[[Muli taluka|Muli]]
|-
|8
|[[Sayla Taluka|Sayla]]
|-
|9
|[[Thangadh]]
|-
|10
|[[Wadhwan]]
|}
|654
|[[File:Surendranagar_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Surendranagar Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|31
|[[Tapi district|Tapi]]
|[[Vyara]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Nizar taluka|Nizar]]
|-
|2
|[[Songadh]]
|-
|3
|[[Uchchhal|Uchhal]]
|-
|4
|[[Valod]]
|-
|5
|[[Vyara]]
|-
|6
|[[Kukarmunda]]
|-
|7
|[[Dolvan taluka|Dolvan]]
|-
|8
|[[Ukai]]
|}
|523
|[[File:Tapi_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Tapi Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|32
|[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|[[Vadodara|Vadodara City]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Vadodara]]
|-
|2
|[[Dabhoi]]
|-
|3
|[[Desar taluka|Desar]]
|-
|4
|[[Karjan]]
|-
|5
|[[Padra]]
|-
|6
|[[Savli]]
|-
|7
|[[Sinor, Gujarat|Sinor]]
|-
|8
|[[Waghodia]]
|}
|694
|[[File:Vadodara_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|
|-
|33
|[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|[[Valsad]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Valsad]]
|-
|2
|[[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]]
|-
|3
|[[Kaparada taluka|Kaprada]]
|-
|4
|[[Pardi]]
|-
|5
|[[Umargam|Umbergaon]]
|-
|6
|[[Vapi]]
|-
|7
|[[Nana Pondha]]
|}
|460
|[[File:Valsad_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Valsad Gujarat map.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|34
|[[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]]
|[[Tharad]]
|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Talukas
|-
|1
|[[Bhabhar, Gujarat|Bhabhar]]
|-
|2
|[[Deodar, Gujarat|Deodar]]
|-
|3
|[[Dharnidhar]]
|-
|4
|[[Rah]]
|-
|5
|Lakhani
|-
|6
|[[Suigam]]
|-
|7
|[[Tharad]]
|-
|8
|[[Vav, Gujarat|Vav]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|Total
|
|
|'''Talukas''': 267
|
|
|}

== Ahmedabad district ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Taluka Name<ref name="Ahmedabad Dist" />
! colspan="2" |Population
! rowspan="2" |Area (in sq km)
! rowspan="2" |Number of Villages
! rowspan="2" |Number of Gram Panchayat
! rowspan="2" |Literacy Rate
! rowspan="2" |Map
|-
!2011
!1991
|-
|[[Ahmedabad city (tehsil)|Ahmedabad City]]
|5,570,585
|
{| class="wikitable"
|3,324,197
|}
|464.16
|
|
|89.62%
| rowspan="10" |[[File:અમદાવાદ જિલ્લો તાલુકાઓ સાથે.svg|150x150px]]
|-
|[[Bavla]]
|124000
|90408
|414.80
|48
|48
|77.12%
|-
|[[Daskroi Taluka|Daskroi]]
|233925
|175080
|357.44
|64
|63
|80.01%
|-
|[[Detroj-Rampura]]
|76555
|68734
|450.00
|51
|46
|
|-
|[[Dhandhuka]]
|74960
|66103
|
|46
|40
|
|-
|[[Dholera]]
|50821
|9421
|
|33
|34
|
|-
|[[Dholka]]
|166641
|140113
|828.58
|71
|65
|72.45%
|-
|[[Mandal]]
|58064
|49977
|325.29
|37
|36
|76.20%
|-
|[[Sanand]]
|195005
|136777
|443.52
|67
|69
|83.91%
|-
|[[Viramgam]]
|131680
|93982
|1,255.72
|68
|65
|71.56%
|}

== Amreli district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Amreli, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://amreli.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Amreli
|398,651
|2,564.89
|121
|76.12%
|-
|Lathi
|145,704
|1,155.00
|73
|68.29%
|-
|Savarkundla
|206,147
|1,141.20
|76
|72.51%
|-
|Babra
|87,156
|656.70
|35
|71.05%
|-
|Bagasara
|110,127
|679.43
|47
|72.08%
|-
|Dhari
|175,251
|1,202.53
|87
|69.76%
|-
|Kunkavav Vadia
|74,738
|425.50
|32
|65.84%
|-
|Rajula
|
|
|
|
|-
|Jafrabad
|
|
|
|
|-
|Khambha
|
|
|
|
|-
|Lilia
|
|
|
|
|}

== Anand district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka<ref name="Anand Dist">{{Cite web |title=Anand District Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Anand, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://anand.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (sq km)
!Literacy Rate (%)
|-
|Anand
|226,026
|240
|85.60
|-
|Petlad
|138,743
|244
|84.02
|-
|Sojitra
|67,305
|182
|76.74
|-
|Tarapur
|80,237
|163
|81.73
|-
|Umreth
|98,747
|201
|83.78
|-
|Khambhat
|
|
|
|-
|Anklav
|
|
|
|-
|Borsad
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Aravalli district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref name="Anand Dist" />
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Modasa
|215,689
|1,333.23
|80
|73.45%
|-
|Malpur
|76,423
|714.06
|40
|65.81%
|-
|Dhansura
|60,841
|401.81
|35
|69.05%
|-
|Bayad
|38,218
|341.42
|30
|64.39%
|-
|Bhiloda
|
|
|
|
|-
|Meghraj
|
|
|
|
|-
|Shamlaji
|
|
|
|
|-
|Sathamba
|
|
|
|
|}

== Banaskantha district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Sr. No.
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Banaskantha, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://banaskantha.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
!1.
|[[Amirgadh]]
|60,093
|1,022
|37
|60.02%
|-
!2.
|[[Dhanera]]
|185,688
|2,286
|70
|66.31%
|-
!3.
|[[Deesa]]
|322,170
|3,413
|93
|70.41%
|-
!4.
|[[Danta, Banaskantha|Danta]]
|
|
|
|
|-
!5.
|[[Dantiwada]]
|98,515
|1,602
|52
|64.22%
|-
!6.
|[[Palanpur]]
|595,891
|2,922
|130
|68.78%
|-
!7.
|[[Vadgam]]
|78,142
|1,339
|40
|56.83%
|-
!8.
|[[Kankrej(Shirohi)]]
|48,063
|788
|29
|58.54%
|-
!9.
|[[Hadad]]
|
|
|
|
|-
!10.
|[[Ogad(Thara)]]
|
|
|
|
|}

== Bharuch district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demography {{!}} District Bharuch, Government Of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://bharuch.nic.in/demography/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Bharuch
|335,855
|293.51
|52
|85.46%
|-
|Hansot
|74,812
|271.59
|40
|68.95%
|-
|Ankleshwar
|143,373
|159.63
|29
|79.45%
|-
|Jambusar
|225,751
|731.64
|78
|77.33%
|-
|Amod
|102,982
|329.46
|45
|69.85%
|-
|Vagra
|97,087
|618.64
|67
|72.57%
|-
|Valia
|
|
|
|
|-
|Jhagadia
|
|
|
|
|-
|Netrang
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Bhavnagar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villages & Panchayats {{!}} District Bhavnagar, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://bhavnagar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Bhavnagar
|1,200,000
|472.80
|2
|78.56%
|-
|Mahuva
|237,262
|675.94
|83
|75.08%
|-
|Talaja
|168,216
|624.98
|71
|72.91%
|-
|Sihor
|183,654
|500.10
|76
|70.62%
|-
|Gariadhar
|97,596
|342.22
|52
|72.38%
|-
|Ghogha
|73,287
|340.16
|28
|75.84%
|-
|Umrala
|81,931
|412.08
|41
|71.62%
|-
|Vallabhipur
|
|
|
|
|-
|Palitana
|
|
|
|
|-
|Jesar
|
|
|
|
|}

== Botad district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villages & Panchayats {{!}} District Botad, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://botad.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Botad
|290,753
|394.74
|53
|76.21%
|-
|Gadhada
|87,283
|505.04
|32
|63.40%
|-
|Barwala
|71,479
|295.53
|25
|66.88%
|-
|Ranpur
|92,019
|503.22
|55
|67.92%
|}

== Chhota Udaipur district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talukas {{!}} District Chhotaudepur, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://chhotaudepur.nic.in/talukas/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Demography {{!}} District Chhotaudepur, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://chhotaudepur.nic.in/demography/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Chhota Udaipur
|179,066
|1,338
|124
|66.89%
|-
|Jetpur Pavi
|57,329
|587
|46
|64.76%
|-
|Kawant
|81,239
|1,575
|82
|59.32%
|-
|Bodeli
|95,662
|702
|54
|71.48%
|-
|Sankheda
|
|
|
|
|-
|Nasvadi
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kadwal
|
|
|
|
|}

== Dahod district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Sr. No.
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Dahod, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://dahod.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
!1.
|Dahod
|243,731
|2,125
|175
|70.68%
|-
!2.
|Devgadh Baria
|
|
|
|
|-
!3.
|Dhanpur
|95,874
|1,150
|61
|67.52%
|-
!4.
|Fatepura
|137,438
|1,358
|97
|68.29%
|-
!5.
|Garbada
|71,234
|1,079
|70
|65.43%
|-
!6.
|Govind Guru Limdi
|
|
|
|
|-
!7.
|Jhalod
|
|
|
|
|-
!8.
|Limkheda
|88,919
|1,313
|97
|62.75%
|-
!9.
|Sanjeli
|70,144
|1,123
|78
|65.88%
|-
!10.
|Singvad
|
|
|
|
|-
!11.
|Sukhsar
|
|
|
|
|}

== Dang district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Dang, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://dangs.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Demography {{!}} District Dang, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://dangs.nic.in/demography/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Ahwa
|81,054
|504.71
|44
|64.52%
|-
|Subir
|37,468
|344.46
|23
|63.16%
|-
|Waghai
|60,980
|1,023.02
|58
|68.31%
|}

|Saputara
|15,794
|200.17
|14
|72.79%
|-
|Dang total
|195,296
|2,072.36
|139
|65.88%

== Devbhumi Dwarka district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat {{!}} District Devbhumi Dwarka, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://devbhumidwarka.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Khambhalia
|191,672
|885.33
|90
|70.85%
|-
|Bhanvad
|63,247
|811.80
|62
|63.02%
|-
|Kalyanpur
|43,889
|526.96
|42
|59.82%
|-
|Okhamandal
|63,338
|564.84
|56
|68.17%
|-
|}

|Dwarka
|176,335
|6,694.25
|139
|80.64%
|-
|Jamnagar Rural
|51,906
|298.06
|37
|77.33%

== Gandhinagar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka<ref name="Dist Gandhingar">{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Gandhingar, Govt. of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://gandhinagar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Area (in sq. km)
!Population (2011)
!Literacy Rate (%)
|-
|Gandhinagar
|490.19
|1,387,478
|89.00
|-
|Kalol
|625.29
|441,074
|83.43
|-
|Mansa
|418.77
|150,086
|78.26
|-
|Dehgam
|282.93
|148,608
|81.98
|-
|}

|Kheralu
|640.42
|179,283
|69.23
|}

== Gir Somnath district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Gir Somnath, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://girsomnath.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq. km)
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Veraval
|191,594
|552
|82.35%
|-
|Una
|188,905
|890
|76.55%
|-
|Gir-Gadhada
|119,625
|1,147
|72.02%
|-
|Talala
|73,711
|436
|81.75%
|-
|Kodinar
|228,810
|478
|88.78%
|-
|Sutrapada
|
|
|
|}

== Jamnagar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village Panchayats {{!}} District Jamnagar, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://jamnagar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (sq km)
!Literacy Rate (%)
|-
|Jamnagar
|792,036
|10,443
|78.31
|-
|Dhrol
|112,965
|1,580
|71.23
|-
|Kalavad
|107,877
|1,422
|76.81
|-
|Jodiya
|72,119
|1,262
|74.11
|-
|Lalpur
|84,712
|912
|70.38
|-
|Jamjodhpur
|66,557
|998
|70.59
|}

|Khambhalia
|54,090
|941
|69.56
|-
|Kalyanpur
|50,023
|864
|68.28
|-
|Bhanvad
|45,290
|646
|72.54
|-
|Jhadeshwar
|32,911
|346
|73.16
|}

== Junagadh district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref name="Dist Gandhingar" />
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Junagadh City
|319,462
|40.00
|1
|88.35%
|-
|Bhesan
|146,980
|646.46
|69
|73.25%
|-
|Manavadar
|128,654
|337.15
|49
|77.89%
|-
|Visavadar
|114,925
|612.29
|56
|73.18%
|-
|Keshod
|125,366
|276.92
|43
|80.11%
|-
|Mangrol
|144,232
|483.91
|43
|72.92%
|-
|Vanthali
|82,441
|200.92
|29
|74.82%
|-
|Junagadh Rural
|
|
|
|
|-
|Mendarda
|
|
|
|
|-
|Maliya
|
|
|
|
|}

|Sutrapada
|62,035
|1,160.56
|43
|68.09%
|-
|Kodinar
|119,609
|496.27
|65
|66.27%
|}

== Kheda district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Kheda, Government Of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://kheda.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Nadiad
|421,967
|444.68
|90
|87.44%
|-
|Kapadvanj
|206,148
|685.15
|70
|78.59%
|-
|Mahudha
|95,381
|333.34
|39
|83.16%
|-
|Thasra
|120,584
|548.19
|60
|79.23%
|-
|Matar
|115,673
|429.28
|69
|82.09%
|-
|Galteshwar
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kathlal
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vaso
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kheda
|
|
|
|
|-
|Mehmedabad
|
|
|
|
|-
|Fagvel
|
|
|
|
|}

== Kutch district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayats {{!}} District Kachchh, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://kachchh.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Bhuj
|412,735
|11,822
|82
|75.23%
|-
|Anjar
|113,579
|620
|48
|73.58%
|-
|Mandvi
|177,139
|6,000
|85
|73.82%
|-
|Mundra
|101,485
|1,058
|53
|76.43%
|-
|Abdasa
|81,985
|1,213
|76
|62.43%
|-
|Lakhpat
|5,782
|2,927
|5
|61.20%
|-
|Rapar
|110,641
|5,902
|58
|58.27%
|-
|Nakhatrana
|108,952
|4,437
|55
|63.22%
|-
|Bhachau
|
|
|
|
|-
|Gandhidham
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Mahisagar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat And Villages {{!}} District Mahisagar, Gujarat, India {{!}} India |url=https://mahisagar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Balasinor
|118,912
|557.98
|63
|67.52%
|-
|Kadana
|62,345
|670.44
|31
|61.81%
|-
|Lunawada
|560,835
|2056.98
|63
|64.59%
|-
|Santrampur
|125,743
|853.94
|64
|65.87%
|-
|Virpur
|
|
|
|
|-
|Khanpur
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kothamba
|
|
|
|
|-
|Godhar
|
|
|
|
|}

== Mehsana district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tehsil {{!}} District Mahesana, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://mahesana.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Mehsana
|464,829
|796.66
|78
|83.02%
|-
|Vijapur
|246,087
|964.90
|85
|75.56%
|-
|Satlasana
|98,540
|519.96
|60
|72.45%
|-
|Kadi
|172,026
|410.00
|60
|78.61%
|-
|Becharaji
|65,382
|239.69
|22
|81.43%
|-
|Jotana
|60,120
|244.24
|45
|70.11%
|-
|Unjha
|86,459
|45.23
|1
|86.23%
|-
|Visnagar
|107,000
|578.9
|59
|77%
|-
|Kheralu
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vadnagar
|
|
|
|
|}

== Morbi district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Morbi, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://morbi.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Morbi
|342,947
|1,586
|97
|80.73%
|-
|Tankara
|77,118
|506
|32
|70.21%
|-
|Wankaner
|292,977
|1,554
|72
|78.95%
|-
|Maliya
|61,639
|498
|22
|71.83%
|-
|Halvad
|
|
|
|
|}

== Narmada district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Narmada, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://narmada.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Nandod
|122,317
|1,422.70
|63
|64.25%
|-
|Tilakwada
|63,481
|1,228.20
|70
|63.97%
|-
|Sagbara
|97,894
|1,108.50
|77
|68.72%
|-
|Garudeshwar
|54,686
|469.39
|36
|70.12%
|-
|Dediyapada
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chikda
|
|
|
|
|}

== Navsari district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Navsari, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://navsari.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Navsari
|382,505
|319.69
|95
|84.52%
|-
|Gandevi
|144,826
|234.76
|42
|74.61%
|-
|Jalalpore
|214,256
|294.10
|58
|80.57%
|-
|Vansda
|130,094
|670.34
|96
|70.09%
|-
|Chikhli
|191,962
|394.35
|83
|77.06%
|-
|Khergam
|
|
|
|
|}

== Panchmahal district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tehsil {{!}} Panchmahals, Gujarat, India {{!}} India |url=https://panchmahals.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} Panchmahals, Gujarat, India {{!}} India |url=https://panchmahals.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Godhra
|344,408
|1,573.47
|69
|77.19%
|-
|Kalol
|208,828
|611.22
|38
|76.51%
|-
|Halol
|120,839
|392.47
|28
|73.29%
|-
|Morwa Hadaf
|98,376
|354.06
|29
|70.15%
|-
|Ghoghamba
|96,735
|451.51
|36
|72.90%
|-
|Jambughoda
|52,468
|713.38
|32
|66.24%
|-
|Shehera
|
|
|
|
|}

== Patan district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} Patan, Gujarat, India {{!}} India |url=https://patan.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Patan
|472,626
|112.84
|72
|86.36%
|-
|Chanasma
|98,904
|736.24
|63
|72.81%
|-
|Sidhpur
|98,987
|118.66
|55
|82.37%
|-
|Harij
|73,452
|399.28
|32
|65.24%
|-
|Sami
|57,548
|394.25
|24
|70.09
|-
|Saraswati
|
|
|
|
|-
|Radhanpur
|
|
|
|
|-
|Santalpur
|
|
|
|
|-
|Shankeshwar
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Porbandar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Porbandar, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://porbandar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Porbandar City
|251,187
|21.26
|1
|85.73%
|-
|Kutiyana
|129,014
|1,100.07
|67
|73.62%
|-
|Ranavav
|72,460
|769.86
|44
|67.89%
|}

== Rajkot district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Rajkot, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://rajkot.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Rajkot City
|1,390,640
|104.86
|1
|89.82%
|-
|Dhoraji
|177,558
|722.47
|70
|71.85%
|-
|Gondal
|293,254
|1,143.23
|94
|79.86%
|-
|Jamkandorna
|88,779
|314.15
|42
|72.03%
|-
|Jasdan
|118,725
|584.35
|68
|71.02%
|-
|Jetpur
|189,870
|320.58
|64
|73.49%
|-
|Kotda Sangani
|59,046
|327.35
|27
|68.89%
|-
|Lodhika
|72,541
|322.14
|27
|75.04%
|-
|Paddhari
|107,425
|398.12
|50
|70.94%
|-
|Upleta
|153,952
|553.28
|68
|69.96%
|-
|Vinchhiya
|
|
|
|
|}

|Tankara
|87,466
|778.46
|90
|65.92%
|}

== Sabarkantha district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Sabarkantha, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://sabarkantha.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Himatnagar
|297,120
|474.95
|44
|84.91%
|-
|Idar
|4,811
|875.57
|85
|78.56%
|-
|Bhiloda
|192,878
|1,320.05
|65
|69.37%
|-
|Prantij
|159,455
|482.09
|34
|79.22%
|-
|Talod
|115,643
|798.07
|46
|65.84%
|-
|Vadali
|82,334
|624.18
|43
|63.17%
|-
|Khedbrahma
|69,142
|1,585.29
|75
|65.49%
|-
|Poshina
|
|
|
|
|}

== Surat district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taluka {{!}} District Surat, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://surat.nic.in/taluka/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Villages {{!}} District Surat, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://surat.nic.in/village-panchayat/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|[[Surat]] City
|6,106,189
|326.515
|1
|89.03%
|-
|[[Bardoli]]
|385,428
|417.32
|75
|74.22%
|-
|[[Chorasi]]
|342,398
|258.41
|49
|77.21%
|-
|[[Kamrej]]
|311,543
|334.16
|54
|72.89%
|-
|[[Mahuva, Surat|Mahuva]]
|177,764
|174.06
|22
|64.08%
|-
|[[Mandvi]]
|132,764
|491.70
|42
|69.65%
|-
|[[Palsana]]
|236,213
|247.35
|49
|72.83%
|-
|[[Umarpada]]
|161,840
|533.72
|70
|71.04%
|-
|[[Olpad]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Mangrol, Surat|Mangrol]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Areth]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Ambika]]
|
|
|
|
|}

== Surendranagar district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surendranagar Village List {{!}} District Surendranagar, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://surendranagar.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Chotila
|117,518
|499.05
|52
|73.56%
|-
|Chuda
|68,356
|196.04
|38
|68.29%
|-
|Dasada
|79,261
|619.48
|65
|68.48%
|-
|Dhrangadhra
|220,649
|1,218.39
|87
|74.16%
|-
|Lakhtar
|70,252
|291.81
|30
|68.97%
|-
|Limbdi
|188,011
|906.94
|70
|74.97%
|-
|Muli
|41,457
|293.55
|29
|69.12%
|-
|Sayla
|78,744
|579.73
|68
|73.06%
|-
|Thangadh
|105,522
|249.36
|38
|76.25%
|-
|Wadhwan
|166,271
|92.00
|1
|76.41%
|}

!Surendranagar
|1,693,162
|7,134.22
|413
|70.69%
|}

== Tapi District ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Tapi, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://tapi.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Vyara
|233,309
|530.30
|92
|74.69%
|-
|Songadh
|95,503
|388.38
|57
|72.83%
|-
|Uchhal
|76,085
|245.59
|53
|69.62%
|-
|Nizar
|53,824
|273.14
|46
|66.08%
|-
|Valod
|97,485
|322.35
|53
|62.56%
|-
|Dolvan
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kukarmunda
|
|
|
|
|-
|Ukai
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Vadodara district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Vadodara, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://vadodara.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Vadodara City
|2,065,771
|235.24
|1
|89.50%
|-
|Padra
|186,516
|603.89
|76
|81.49%
|-
|Savli
|166,497
|804.22
|70
|75.10%
|-
|Karjan
|164,556
|694.77
|76
|70.45%
|-
|Waghodia
|149,213
|433.16
|70
|75.68%
|-
|Dabhoi
|122,456
|1,424.60
|104
|67.18%
|-
|Shinor
|66,714
|358.08
|42
|67.10%
|-
|Desar
|60,861
|278.87
|25
|69.12%
|}

== Valsad district ==
{{Update section|outdated information|date=June 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Valsad, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://valsad.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Valsad
|306,155
|452.70
|90
|84.03%
|-
|Pardi
|133,285
|253.73
|52
|78.19%
|-
|Umbergaon
|65,563
|77.42
|25
|75.69%
|-
|Kaprada
|40,567
|1,042.32
|97
|70.05%
|-
|Dharampur
|77,536
|1,157.30
|110
|70.98%
|-
|Vapi
|247,849
|29.76
|14
|88.05%
|-
|Nana Pondha
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Vav Tharad District ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Taluka Name
!Population
!Area (in sq km)
!Number of Villages
!Literacy Rate
|-
|Tharad
|224,987
|2,546
|81
|64.93%
|-
|Vav
|94,846
|1,129
|38
|56.19%
|-
|Bhabhar
|61,404
|1,254
|36
|57.96%
|-
|Suigam
|105609
|1560
|78
|78.96%
|-
|Deodar
|
|
|
|
|-
|Lakhani
|
|
|
|
|-
|Rah
|
|
|
|
|-
|Dharnidhar
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

==Proposed Talukas==
{|
|Gadh from Palanpur and Vadgam Talukas in Basankatha
|-
|Jadar from Idar Taluka in Sabarkantha
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Subdistricts_in_Gujarat Openstreet Map]

{{Gujarat}}

Gram Panchayat Election District Wise List : [https://www.marugujaratpost.com/gram-panchayat-election-result-2021-village-wise/ View District Results]

[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat|*]]
[[Category:Lists of subdistricts in India|Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat-related lists|Talukas]]

Puducherry–Bhubaneswar Superfast Express

2026-05-03T15:24:07Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding post

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Puducherry–Bhubaneswar Superfast Express
| image =Bhubaneshwar to Pondy.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2007|02|21}}
| last =
| operator = [[East Coast Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Puducherry}} ('''PDY''')
| stops = 17
| end = {{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}} ('''BBS''')
| distance = {{convert|1426|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 24h
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 22907/22908
| speed = {{convert|59|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map = [[File:(Bhubaneswar - Puducherry) Express route map.png|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

The '''Puducherry– Bhubaneswar Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to [[East Coast Railway zone]] that runs between [[Puducherry railway station|Puducherry]] and [[Bhubaneswar railway station|Bhubaneswar]] in India. It is currently being operated with 22907/22908 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/trains-cancelled-due-to-heavy-rains/article7950553.ece | title=Trains cancelled due to heavy rains | date=5 December 2015 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=3 January 2019 }}</ref>
<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/train-services-hit-in-chennaigudur-section/article7944051.ece Train services hit in Chennai-Gudur section ]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/transport-services-to-chennai-crippled/article7943198.ece Transport services to Chennai crippled]</ref>

== Service==

The 12897/Puducherry–Bhubaneswar SF Express has an average speed of 59 km/h and covers 1426 km in 24h. The 12898/Bhubaneswar–Puducherry SF Express has an average speed of 57 km/h and covers 1426 km in 25h 15m.

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 12897 || PDY || Puducherry || 6:40 PM || Wednesday || Bhubaneswar || 6:55 PM || Thursday
|-
| 12898 || BBS || Bhubaneswar || 12:00 Noon || Tuesday || Puducherry || 1:15 PM || Wednesday
|}

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{rws|Puducherry}}
* {{rws|Viluppuram Junction}}
* {{rws|Chennai Egmore}}
* [[Ongole railway station|Ongole]]
* {{rws|Vijayawada Junction}}
* {{rws|Rajahmundry}}
* {{rws|Visakhapatnam Junction}}
* {{rws|Vizianagaram Junction}}
* {{rws|Brahmapur}}
* {{rws|Khurda Road Junction}}
* {{rws|Bhubaneswar}}

==Coach composite==

The train has [[LHB coach]] with max speed of 130 kmph. Being a Superfast train, its speed limit is 110 kmph The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier
* 7 AC III Tier
* 6 Sleeper coaches
* 1 Pantry car
* 2 General Unreserved
* 4 Generator Cars cum Guard Cars in both ends

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a Visakhapatnam Electric Loco Shed-based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] electric locomotives from end to end in both directions.

== Rake sharing ==

The train shares its rake with 18495/18496 [[Rameswaram–Bhubaneswar Express]].

== Direction reversal==

Train reverses its direction 1 times:

* {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam Junction}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==

* [[Puducherry railway station]]
* [[Bhubaneswar railway station]]
* [[Rameswaram–Bhubaneswar Express]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/197 12897/Puducherry–Bhubaneswar SF Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1274 12898/Bhubaneswar–Puducherry SF Express]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puducherry-Bhubaneswar Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2007]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Marungapuri Assembly constituency

2026-05-02T18:10:58Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding data

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1977
| district = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| loksabha_cons = | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| mla = Chinnasamy. C
| name = Marungapuri
| electors= 1,87,713
| reservation =
| abolished= 2008
}}
'''Marungapuri''' was a state assembly constituency in [[Tiruchirappalli district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archivedate=14 June 2012 }}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| N. Kittappa
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[K. Karunaigiri Muthiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[M. A. Rajkumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[P. Sholairaj]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| K. Ponnusamy
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| K. Ponnusamy
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[B. M. Senguttuvan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[V. A. Chellaiyah]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[C. Chinnasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C. Chinnasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,910 |percentage=42.87 |change=-11.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Rokkaiah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,378 |percentage=41.00 |change=7.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kumar @ B. T. Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,503 |percentage=7.04 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Jamal Mohamed |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,376 |percentage=3.98 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Periasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,763 |percentage=1.31 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subramani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,359 |percentage=1.01 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Francis |party=Independent politician |votes=1,143 |percentage=0.85 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sakthivel |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=1,075 |percentage=0.80 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Pandithurai |party=Independent politician |votes=513 |percentage=0.38 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Pitchaimani |party=Independent politician |votes=425 |percentage=0.31 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Alagar |party=Independent politician |votes=364 |percentage=0.27 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,532 |percentage=1.87 |change=-18.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=135,080 |percentage=71.96 |change= 8.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,713 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. A. Chelliah |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=65,619 |percentage=53.92 |change=12.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. M. Senguttuvan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,347 |percentage=33.16 |change=-13.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Durairaj |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,796 |percentage=9.69 |change=0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Sharfudeen |party=Independent politician |votes=2,418 |percentage=1.99 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Susila Rani H |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=1,508 |percentage=1.24 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,272 |percentage=20.77 |change=15.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=121,688 |percentage=63.33 |change= -8.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,283 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. M. Senguttuvan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,380 |percentage=46.86 |change=16.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Solairaj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,986 |percentage=41.54 |change=-25.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Durairaj |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,074 |percentage=9.20 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Thangavelu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,259 |percentage=1.05 |change=-1.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Charless Samidas |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,105 |percentage=0.92 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thirupathi |party=Independent politician |votes=253 |percentage=0.21 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=167 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=94 |percentage=0.08 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,394 |percentage=5.31 |change=-31.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=120,318 |percentage=71.76 |change= 0.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 175,887 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -20.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ponnusamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=76,476 |percentage=66.88 |change=16.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Selvaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,572 |percentage=30.23 |change=-9.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Solai Gounder |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,776 |percentage=2.43 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Arockiam |party=Independent politician |votes=186 |percentage=0.16 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Joseph |party=Independent politician |votes=173 |percentage=0.15 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramaiah |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=165 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=41,904 |percentage=36.65 |change=26.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=114,348 |percentage=71.76 |change= -6.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,372 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 16.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ponnusamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,297 |percentage=49.98 |change=-19.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Senguttuvan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,274 |percentage=40.01 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. A. Dorai Sebatstian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,054 |percentage=8.18 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Subramaniyan |party=Independent politician |votes=441 |percentage=0.40 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=409 |percentage=0.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Subramaniyan |party=Independent politician |votes=379 |percentage=0.34 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Subramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=144 |percentage=0.13 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=133 |percentage=0.12 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Sethuraman |party=Independent politician |votes=128 |percentage=0.12 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muthukumar |party=Independent politician |votes=114 |percentage=0.10 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. A. Savarimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=70 |percentage=0.06 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,023 |percentage=9.96 |change=-32.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=110,648 |percentage=78.63 |change= 3.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 143,268 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -19.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sholairaj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,656 |percentage=69.36 |change=27.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ramasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=24,135 |percentage=26.72 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. John Joseph |party=Independent politician |votes=1,926 |percentage=2.13 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Fathima Peter |party=Independent politician |votes=966 |percentage=1.07 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramanian |party=Independent politician |votes=646 |percentage=0.72 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,521 |percentage=42.65 |change=37.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=90,329 |percentage=75.58 |change= 9.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,822 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 27.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. A. Raj Kumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,021 |percentage=41.98 |change=20.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramanathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,444 |percentage=37.29 |change=-1.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Vairamani Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=14,013 |percentage=18.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Andi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,271 |percentage=1.67 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. K. M. Abdul Hussan |party=Independent politician |votes=533 |percentage=0.70 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,577 |percentage=4.69 |change=-9.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,282 |percentage=66.10 |change= 3.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,714 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Marungapuri<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karunaigiri Muthiah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,093 |percentage=38.58 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Raju |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,894 |percentage=24.06 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. A. Rajakumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,954 |percentage=21.30 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. V. Kandaswamy |party=Janata Party |votes=9,987 |percentage=14.22 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Nookkiah Konar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,292 |percentage=1.84 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,199 |percentage=14.52 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,220 |percentage=62.83 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,252 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |accessdate=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archivedate=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|10.45|78.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruchirappalli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

C. V. Anand

2026-05-01T09:18:42Z

Ayurtreatservices:

{{Short description|Indian police official}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox police officer
|honorific_prefix =
|name = C.V. Anand
|honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
|image = File:CV Anand.png
|image_upright =
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|06|05|df=y}}
|birth_place =
|death_date
|death_place =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = 
|other_names =
|education =
|alma_mater = [[The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet]] [[Osmania University]]
|known_for =
|notable_works =
|spouse =
|relatives = [[Chama Milind]] (son)
|allegiance = {{flag|India}}
|service_label = Service
|service = [[Indian Police Service]]
|department = [[Telangana Police]]
|branch =
|service_years = 1991 - Present
|status =
|rank = [[File:Director_General_of_Police.png|20px]] [[Director General of Police]]
|badge_number =
|awards = Police Medal for Gallantry [[President's Police Medal|President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service]] Police Medal for Meritorious Service Antrik Suraksha Seva Padak
|memorials =
|other_work =
|website = 
|module =
}}

'''C. V. Anand''' is an [[Indian Police Service]] officer. He is the [[Director General of Police]] of Telangana. He earlier served as the [[Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City]] and as the Commissioner of Police, Cyberabad.

==Early life and education==
Anand was born in [[Ranga Reddy district]]. The family later moved to Hyderabad. He was schooled at [[The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet]]. He was part of the batch of 1986.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Today |first1=Telangana |title=Hyderabad Public School organises investiture ceremony |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-public-school-organises-investiture-ceremony |website=Telangana Today |access-date=11 September 2024 |language=en |date=13 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alumni Relations – The Hyderabad Public School |url=https://hpsbegumpet.org.in/relations/ |website=hpsbegumpet.org.in |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref> Anand then enrolled for a bachelor's degree in arts at [[Nizam College]]. He subsequently attended the University College of Arts, [[Osmania University]]. He obtained his [[Master of Arts]] degree in economics with a gold medal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizo youth enthral Osmania students |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mizo-youth-enthral-osmania-students/articleshow/1807591.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=11 September 2024 |date=23 February 2002}}</ref>

A budding cricketer, Anand was part of the [[India national under-19 cricket team]]. He also played for the [[Hyderabad cricket team]] at the U-19 and the U-22 levels. He represented Osmania University in the Inter-varsity cricket tournaments.<ref>{{cite web |title=Left-arm quick Milind makes the cut for India U-19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/leftarm-quick-milind-makes-the-cut-for-india-u19/article4817946.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=11 September 2024 |language=en-IN |date=15 June 2013}}</ref>

In 1990, Anand appeared for the [[Civil Services Examination]] and cleared it in his first attempt. He was ranked 147. He opted for the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) and was allotted his home cadre of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=C.V.ANAND, IPS |url=https://cvanandips.blogspot.com/p/interview-after.html |website=C.V.ANAND, IPS |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

==Police Career==
===Training===
Anand joined the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]] which trains probationary IPS officers before they join the police service.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission Statement |url=https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/home |website=svpnpa.gov.in |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref> At the academy, he excelled in athletics, winning multiple gold medals in [[track and field]]. He was also adjudged the 'Best Firer' at the [[Border Security Force|BSF Academy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=C.V.ANAND, IPS |url=https://cvanandips.blogspot.com/p/best-athlete-award-national-police.html |website=C.V.ANAND, IPS |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

===Early years===
In 1993, Anand was posted as an [[Additional Superintendent of Police]] (Addl. SP) Warangal Rural. The function of an Addl. SP is to assist the Superintendent of police in their control of duties and supervision.<ref>{{cite web |title=Powers and Duties of Officers and Employees |url=https://megpolice.gov.in/sites/default/files/18_2.pdf |website=megpolice.gov.in |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref> After over two years in Warangal, he was posted as Addl. SP Bellampalli in the [[Adilabad district]]. During this tenure, he was involved in multiple encounters, including with the [[coal mafia]] in [[Mancherial]].

Promoted to the rank of [[Superintendent of police]] (SP), Anand was appointed SP, [[Nizamabad district]]. As the police chief of a district with [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]], he planned and participated in multiple combing operations. He also worked towards breaking the Naxals' weapon supply chain and was instrumental in weaning the youth away from Naxals. During this tenure, he attended International conference on ''Crime Investigation & Human Rights'' in South Africa. At the turn of the century, he was posted as SP, [[Krishna district]]. Here he tried to modernise the police force by adopting technology.<ref name="SP Nizamabad">{{cite web |title=C.V.ANAND, IPS |url=https://cvanandips.blogspot.com/p/career-highlights-tenure-sp-nizamabad.html |website=C.V.ANAND, IPS |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> For this tenure, he was awarded the Police Medal for Gallantry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Civil List |url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/IPS_Civillist_2024.pdf |website=ips.gov.in |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

Anand was subsequently transferred to Hyderabad as the [[Deputy commissioner of police]] (DCP), East zone. In 2002, the reorganisation of Hyderabad City Police was carried out and the Central zone was created. Anand was appointed the first DCP of Central zone. In this tenure, he created the ''Lake Police'' to police the [[Hussain Sagar]] and the surrounding areas. The creation of the lake police reduced the number of suicides in the lake area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lake police are back |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2011/Jan/31/lake-police-are-back-223475.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=12 September 2024 |language=en |date=16 May 2012}}</ref> He was instrumental in outsourcing non-core duties to private firms, to free up police personnel for core policing duties. The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] ordered this to be implemented in all police stations. For this, he was commended by the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NPA newsletter |url=https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/static/gallery/docs/1313714ee9b9485daaee5151b69da1e4.pdf |website=svpnpa.gov.in |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

Anand then moved the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Crime Investigation Department]] (CID). After promotion to the rank of [[Deputy inspector general of police]] (DIG), he took over the Economic offences wing (EOW) of the CID. He solved the Krushi Cooperative Bank scam and brought back from Thailand K. Venkateswara Rao, the bank's chairman. Anand then moved outside the police department, having been posted as Director Excise where he served for 2 years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Digest |first1=Deccan |title=CV Anand appointed as Commissioner of Police Hyderabad City, Here is a Brief look on his career so far. |url=https://deccandigest.com/cv-anand-appointed-as-commissioner-of-police-hyderabad-city-here-is-a-brief-look-on-his-career-so-far/ |website=Deccan Digest |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=24 December 2021}}</ref>

Anand was subsequently was appointed DIG of [[Eluru]] range. The range included the districts of Krishna, East Godavari and West Godavari.<ref>{{cite web |title=C.V.ANAND, IPS |url=https://cvanandips.blogspot.com/p/as-dig-over-eluru-range.html |website=C.V.ANAND, IPS |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> Anand was then appointed Commissioner of Police, Vijayawada.<ref>{{cite web |title=INSPECT-3 |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=10846054 |website=thehinduimages.com |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CRICKET-13 |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=10637911&highlights=COMMISSIONER |website=thehinduimages.com |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> As Vijayawada police commissioner, he concentrated and cracked down on history sheeters and political violence. He also introduced e-challan systems and reorganised the commissionerate.<ref>{{cite web |title=C.V.ANAND, IPS |url=https://cvanandips.blogspot.com/p/reforms-made-by-cv-anand-in-vijayawada.html |website=C.V.ANAND, IPS |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>

===Senior appointments===
In 2010, Anand was promoted to the rank of [[Inspector-general of police]] and appointed Additional Commissioner of Police (Traffic) (Addl, CP Traffic) in Hyderabad. As the traffic chief of the city, Anand is credited with easing traffic snarls by employing traffic engineering methods. He is also credited with many innovations, like e-challans which simplified issuance and collection of fines, introduction of speed guns and hand-held cameras for all traffic cops and adoption of social media to convey traffic-related updates.<ref>{{cite web |title=City traffic cops' drive against signal jumping |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2010/Nov/13/city-traffic-cops-drive-against-signal-jumping-202545.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=16 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Traffic cops toy with the idea of live updates {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/traffic-cops-toy-with-the-idea-of-live-updates/articleshow/6295611.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Breather for traffic near Chutneys |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Breather-for-traffic-near-Chutneys/article15901476.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en-IN |date=3 September 2010}}</ref>

After a three-year tenure, in May 2013, he was appointed Commissioner of Police, [[Cyberabad Metropolitan Police]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=40 IPS officers transferred |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2013/May/23/40-ips-officers-transferred-479965.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=23 May 2013}}</ref> He served in this appointment during the [[Telangana agitation]] and the formation of the new state of [[Telangana]]. After the creation of the state, he was absorbed into the Telangana cadre. The Cyberabad commissionerate had a high density of land dispute cases, due to the real-estate boom in the Greater Hyderabad Area. Anand introduced to SOP to deal with these land dispute cases. With the growth of the [[Software industry in Telangana]], he introduced measures for women safety in the IT corridor with the SHE app, SHE teams and SHE shuttles. During his tenure as Cyberabad police commissioner, he was awarded the National Award for Best Poll Practices by the [[Election Commission of India]] for election-related measures in expenditure monitoring and tackling money power during the [[2014 Indian general election]]. he received the award from former [[President of India|President]] [[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]] and was the first IPS officer to receive the award.<ref>{{cite web |title=CV Anand Receives National Award for Best Poll Practices |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2015/Jan/26/cv-anand-receives-national-award-for-best-poll-practices-709713.html |website=newindianexpress.com |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prestigious award for Cyberabad Police Commissioner CV Anand for poll role |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150122/nation-current-affairs/article/prestigious-award-cyberabad-police-commissioner-c-v-anand-poll |website=deccanchronicle.com |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>

After a three-year tenure, Anand was appointed Commissioner, of Consumer affairs, Food & civil supplies. He was the first IPS officer to hold the post.<ref>{{cite web |title=CV Anand is civil supplies chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cv-anand-is-civil-supplies-chief/articleshow/53732401.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=17 August 2016}}</ref> The appointment is generally held by an IAS officer. In response to Anand's appointment, the IAS Officers' Association registered their protest with the [[Chief Minister of Telangana]]. The Special Operation Team (SOT) of Cyberabad Police, when he was Commissioner, had unearthed a major scam in the Civil supplies department. Anand was thus chosen to contain the corruption.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=CV Anand's new posting attracts ire of IAS officers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2016/Aug/18/cv-anand%E2%80%99s-new-posting-attracts-ire-of-ias-officers-1510465.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=18 August 2016}}</ref>

In early 2018, Anand was deputed to the [[Government of India]] for five years and was appointed Inspector General [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF), a [[Central Armed Police Force]] responsible for providing security to large installations and institutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government of India |url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/C_V_Anand_15022018.PDF |website=ips.gov.in |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2018 |title=CV Anand to move to Delhi as CISF I-G |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/170218/cv-anand-to-move-to-delhi-as-cisf-i-g.html |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> He headed the Airport sector II, headquartered at Bangalore. During this tenure, he also held additional charge as IG South Sector, headquartered at Chennai for 9 months. He also headed the West Sector for 6 months. After a two-and-a-half year stint, in August 2020, he was appointed Director of the [[National Industrial Security Academy]] (NISA). NISA is located in Hyderabad and is the training academy of the CISF.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Vikram |title=C V Anand, the new director of National Industrial Safety Academy |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110820/c-v-anand-is-director-of-national-industrial-safety-academy.html |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> In August 2021, Anand was promoted to the rank of [[Additional director general of police]] (ADGP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Telangana: Two IPS officers empanelled to hold ADG post at Centre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/2-ips-officers-empanelled-to-hold-adg-post-at-centre/articleshow/85522803.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=22 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Order |url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/ADG_23082021.PDF |website=ips.gov.in |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>
[[File:CV Anand CP Hyd.jpg|right|thumb|Anand taking over as [[Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City]] for the second time.]]
On 25 December 2021, Anand was appointed the 58th Commissioner of Police (CP), Hyderabad. He took over from [[Anjani Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Today |first1=Telangana |title=CV Anand takes charge as new Police Commissioner |url=https://telanganatoday.com/cv-anand-takes-charge-as-new-police-commissioner |website=Telangana Today |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=25 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CV Anand appointed as Hyderabad police commissioner |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/cv-anand-appointed-hyderabad-police-commissioner-159144 |website=The News Minute |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=25 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CV Anand is Hyderabad's new police commissioner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cv-anand-is-hyderabads-new-police-commissioner/articleshow/88484250.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=25 December 2021}}</ref> He cracked down on corruption, dismissing from service 55 police officers in his first year as CP.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=55 cops given pink slip since CV Anand took charge as Hyderabad Commissioner of Police |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2022/Oct/11/55-cops-given-pink-slip-since-cvanand-took-charge-ashyderabad-commissioner-of-police-2506878.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=11 October 2022}}</ref> He created a new wing, Hyderabad Narcotics Enforcement Wing (H-NEW), to combat narcotics menace in the city. Based on the success of H-NEW, a new bureau for the entire state, Telangana-Narcotics Bureau (T-NAB), was formed and Anand was given additional charge of the new bureau.<ref>{{cite web |title=1st anniversary: Hyderabad Narcotics Enforcement Wing caught 104 drug cases since inception |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/1st-anniversary-hyderabad-narcotics-enforcement-wing-caught-104-drug-cases-since-inception/articleshow/97786368.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaur |first1=Lavpreet |title=Telangana registers nearly 500 NDPS cases in first quarter of 2024, marijuana tops the chart |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telangana-registers-nearly-500-ndps-cases-in-first-quarter-of-2024-marijuana-tops-the-chart/article68083761.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en-IN |date=23 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Telangana to get new narcotics bureau T-NAB |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/state-to-get-new-narcotics-bureau-t-nab/articleshow/98438035.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=6 March 2023}}</ref> A woman inspector was appointed as the Station House Officer (SHO), the head of a police station, for the first time in his tenure.<ref>{{cite web |title=CP Hyderabad City |url=https://x.com/CPHydCity/status/1501221124897591300 |website=x.com |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> The Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) housing the new police commissionerate was inaugurated during his tenure as CP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyderabad: Telangana CM KCR to inaugurate police command and control centre today, traffic diverted in Banjara Hills |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/hyderabad-telangana-cm-police-command-centre-inauguration-banjara-hills-traffic-diverted-8069989/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=4 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rathnam |first1=Priya |title=Telangana police step into the future with iconic ICCC |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/Aug/05/telangana-police-step-into-the-future-with-iconic-iccc-2484230.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=5 August 2022}}</ref> Anand also effected the first reorganisation of the [[Hyderabad City Police]] in three decades. The city police force now has 7 zones with 28 divisions.{{fact|date=July 2025}}

After a two-year tenure as CP, in December 2023, Anand relinquished charge and was appointed Director General, Anti-Corruption Bureau.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bureau Chiefs |url=https://acb.telangana.gov.in/Home/DGsProfile |website=acb.telangana.gov.in |access-date=13 September 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In July 2024, he was given additional charge of Director General (Vigilance & Enforcement).<ref>{{cite web |title=DGP held many key posts in past |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/dgp-jitenders-past-key-posts-revealed/articleshow/111645389.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=11 July 2024}}</ref> On 9 September 2024, Anand took over as Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad for the second time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Today |first1=Telangana |title=Telangana Government appoints CV Anand as Commissioner of Police Hyderabad City |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-government-appoints-cv-anand-as-commissioner-of-police-hyderabad-city |website=Telangana Today |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=7 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=C.V. Anand returns as Hyderabad police commissioner |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/cv-anand-returns-as-hyderabad-police-commissioner/article68616914.ece |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title=C.V. Anand takes charge as Hyderabad Police Commissioner |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/cv-anand-takes-charge-as-hyderabad-police-commissioner/article68620850.ece |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref> On 27 September 2025, he was appointed Special Chief Secretary (Home) to the [[Government of Telangana]]. He was succeeded by [[V. C. Sajjanar]] as Police Commissioner.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Desk |first1=News |title=Major IAS, IPS reshuffle in Telangana: CV Anand, Shikha Goel among transferred |url=https://www.siasat.com/major-ips-reshuffle-in-telangana-cv-anand-shikha-goel-among-transferred-3276578/ |website=The Siasat Daily |access-date=30 September 2025 |language=en |date=27 September 2025}}</ref>

On 1 May 2026, he took over as the [[Director General of Police]] of Telangana, succeeding [[B. Shivadhar Reddy]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Correspondent |first1=D. C. |title=CV Anand Takes Charge as Telangana DGP |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/cv-anand-takes-charge-as-telangana-dgp-1953924 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=en |date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=The Hindu |title=C.V. Anand takes charge as Telangana DGP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/cv-anand-takes-charge-as-telangana-dgp/article70927677.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=en-IN |date=1 May 2026}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Anand is married to Lalitha Anand, a former professor with a [[Ph.D.]] in corporate finance. The couple has two sons. His elder son, [[Chama Milind]] is a professional cricketer. He plays for the [[Hyderabad cricket team]] and has played for the [[India national under-19 cricket team]] and for the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[2022 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chama Milind |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/players/chama-milind-63685 |website=hindustantimes.com |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Left-arm quick Milind makes the cut for India U-19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/leftarm-quick-milind-makes-the-cut-for-india-u19/article4817946.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=12 September 2024 |language=en-IN |date=15 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2024 {{!}} Royal Challengers Bengaluru {{!}} Chama Milind Player Profile |url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore/squad-details/1751/2022/9 |website=www.iplt20.com |access-date=12 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===Remarks on National Media (December 2024)===
During a press conference on 22 December 2024, CV Anand criticized national media outlets, accusing them of being "bought over" and lacking integrity. He stated, "All bought over. No shame." These comments were made in response to persistent questions about the ongoing investigation into a stampede at Sandhya Theatre during the premiere of "Pushpa 2: The Rule," which resulted in a woman's death and her child's injury. Anand later apologized for his remarks, acknowledging that he had lost his composure under repeated questioning. <ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2024-12-23 |title=Hyderabad Police Commissioner apologises for saying national media is ‘bought over' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/hyderabad-police-commissioner-apologises-for-saying-national-media-is-bought-over |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
Anand was awarded the Police Medal for gallantry in 2002, the Police Medal for Meritorious Service in 2007 and the [[President's Police Medal|President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRESIDENT'S POLICE MEDAL FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE INDEPENDENCE DAY-2017 |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/documents/rlink/2017/aug/p201781402.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

C.V. Anand and Hyderabad Narcotics Enforcement Wing won first place in the ‘Excellence in Anti-Narcotics Award’ at the World Police Summit 2025.<ref name="Hyderabad police chief C.V. Anand, H-NEW win global award for anti-narcotics efforts">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Hyderabad police chief C.V. Anand, H-NEW win global award for anti-narcotics efforts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-police-chief-cv-anand-h-new-win-global-award-for-anti-narcotics-efforts/article69545142.ece |access-date=7 May 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=6 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507112221/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-police-chief-cv-anand-h-new-win-global-award-for-anti-narcotics-efforts/article69545142.ece |archive-date=7 May 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Cyberabad Metropolitan Police]]
* [[Rachakonda Police Commissionerate]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-civ|pol}}
{{s-bef|before=Ch. Dwaraka Tirumala Rao}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commissioner of Police, Cyberabad|years=2013 - 2016}}
{{s-aft|after=V. Naveen Chand}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Anjani Kumar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City]]|years=2021 - 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=Sandeep Shandilya}}
{{s-bef|before=Ravi Gupta}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director General, Anti-Corruption Bureau|years=2021 - 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=Vijay Kumar}}
{{s-bef|before=K. Sreenivasa Reddy}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City]]|years=2024 - 2025}}
{{s-aft|after=[[V. C. Sajjanar]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[B. Shivadhar Reddy]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director General of Police]], Telangana|years=2026 - Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, C.V.}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Police commissioners of Hyderabad]]

Parisar Asha

2026-04-26T21:19:40Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding a stub

{{short description|Not-for-profit NGO}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Parisar Asha
| logo =
| type = Community Service
| founded = 1982
| founder = Gloria De Souza
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| origins =
| key_people = Ms. Aarati Savur
| region_served =
| focus =Children's Learning
| method =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| owner =
| website = http://www.parisarasha.com/
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Parisar Asha''' is a not-for-profit [[NGO]], registered as public trust based out of [[Mumbai]]. It was incepted in 1982 by the Late Gloria De Souza, who died in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Gloria-de-Souza/tributeshow/19384226.cms |title=Pay Tribute to Gloria de Souza | Times of India |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref> The trust aims to serve children through a unique learning approach ‘ESAL’ - The Environmental Studies Approach towards Learning. At present, the [[CEO]] of the trust is Ms. Aarati Savur.<ref name="afternoondc1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/bollywood/towards-right-education/article_158277 |title=Towards Right Education |website=Afternoondc.in |date=2016-01-15 |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref name="mid-day1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-bmc-schoolkids-turn-filmmakers/17507175 |title=Mumbai: BMC schoolkids turn filmmakers - News |website=Mid-day.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref name="thehansindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Life-Style/2015-10-23/Parisar-Asha--launches-Positive-Parenting-Helpline-to-address-Parental-Woes/182075 |title=Parisar Asha Launches Positive Parenting Helpline To Address Parental Woes |website=Thehansindia.com |date=2015-10-23 |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref>

==Areas of work==
Parisar Asha has worked for more than 800 private and government schools in [[India]]. The NGO aims at helping the schools to upgrade their teaching-learning system at par with international standards through its unique model ESAL aligning with the state board curriculum framework.<ref name="thehansindia1"/><ref name="thehansindia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Business/2016-02-21/Parisar-Asha-wins-the-prestigious-GLOBAL-NGO-EXCELLENCE-AWARD/208752 |title=Parisar Asha wins the prestigious GLOBAL NGO EXCELLENCE AWARD |website=Thehansindia.com |date=2016-02-21 |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref>

==Activism==
* September 2015 – The NGO launched ‘Positive Parenting Helpline’.<ref name="thehansindia1"/><ref name="thehansindia2"/>
* April 2015 – The NGO conducted free film-making workshop for 10 days for the less privileged children at Nityanand Marg Mumbai Public School in Andheri East. 30 students were chosen for the workshop. They underwent practical sessions taken by Rohit Pathak who acted in the film [[Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai]] and [[filmmaker]] Kunal Singh.<ref name="mid-day1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/epapermain.aspx?eddate=2016-4-22&edcode=820028&querypage=7 |title=daily news & analysis - mumbai, ahmedabad, jaipur, pune, bangalore, indore, e-paper [DNA WESTCOAST STORIES DNA WESTCOAST STORIES PG 7] |website=Epaper.dnaindia.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref>
* January 2016 –The NGO organized a Summit on ‘The Art of Living for Sustainable Tomorrow’ for 300 school principals in Mumbai. The Summit was attended by Hon’ble [[Education Minister]] of [[Maharashtra]] - Shri [[Vinod Tawde]], Shri. Adv. [[Ashish Shelar]] - Hon’ble President of BJP, Mumbai and Indian [[actress]] Ms. [[Juhi Chawla]]<ref name="afternoondc1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/videos/entertainment-video/195066/juhi-chawlarsquos-chalk-and-duster-to-change-image-of-education/ |title=Juhi Chawla’S Chalk And Duster To Change Image Of Education |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=2016-01-15 |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/juhi-chawla-parisar-ashas-creative-summit-5449-slide-36912#IYUrIQmgb414bF5w.97 |title=Juhi Chawla at Parisar Asha's Creative Summit - Photos |website=Ibtimes.co.in |date=2016-01-15 |accessdate=2016-10-02}}</ref>

==Awards==
* February 2016 – Won the ‘Global NGO Excellence Award’ for outstanding contribution in the field of [[education]] for [[sustainability]]<ref name="thehansindia2"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian non-profit}}

[[Category:Organizations established in 1982]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]

Pardeep Narwal

2026-04-24T12:07:41Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding a pg

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Pardeep Narwal
| image = Pardeep Narwal.png
| caption = Narwal in 2017
| full_name = Pardeep Narwal.
| nickname = Dubki King, Record Breaker.
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|02|16}}
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Kabaddi|Kabaddi Player]]
| years_active = 2015-2025
| height = 5.8(ft)in (178 cm)
| weight = 75 kg (165 lb)
| spouse = Swati Beniwal (2019)
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| league = [[Pro Kabaddi League]]
| team = [[Patna Pirates]] (2016-2019) [[UP Yoddhas]] (2021-2023) [[Bengaluru Bulls]] (2015, 2024-2025)
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Kabaddi at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[2016 Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|2016 Kabaddi World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2016 Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|2016 Ahmadabad]]|[[India national kabaddi team|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Kabaddi Championship]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2017 Asian Kabaddi Championship|2017 Gorgan]]|[[India national Kabaddi Team|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[2018 Dubai Kabaddi Masters]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2018 Dubai Kabaddi Masters|2018 Dubai]]|[[India national Kabaddi Team|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2016 South Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|Team}}
}}

'''Pardeep Narwal''' (born 16 February 1997) is an Indian former international [[kabaddi]] player, who plays as a raider. Widely regarded as the greatest raider in [[kabaddi]] history, he led the [[Patna Pirates]] to three straight titles in [[Pro Kabaddi League]] and holds a multitude of the league's raiding records.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=List of Top 10 Raiders in Pro Kabaddi League from All Seasons |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/top-raider-in-pro-kabaddi-league-all-season-1700659620-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123120522/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/top-raider-in-pro-kabaddi-league-all-season-1700659620-1 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=Jagranjosh.com |publisher=[[Jagran Prakashan]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=Pardeep Narwal Biography, Age, Career, News & Stats {{!}} Pardeep Narwal Profile |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/pardeep-narwal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921100856/https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/pardeep-narwal |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=12 November 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2023 |title="Pardeep is the best raider in PKL" - Fazel Atrachali {{!}} Press Conference - 23 December {{!}} PKL Season 10 |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/videos/pardeep-is-the-best-raider-in-pkl---fazel-atrachali-press-conference---december-23-pkl-season-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225122409/https://www.prokabaddi.com/videos/pardeep-is-the-best-raider-in-pkl---fazel-atrachali-press-conference---december-23-pkl-season-10 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=[[Pro Kabaddi League]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
[[Pardeep Narwal]] was born in Rindhana village of Haryana's [[Sonipat district]], where he started playing [[kabaddi]].<ref name="Roy, 2017">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Dhananjay |title=Will Narwal help Patna to hat-trick? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pro-kabaddi-league/will-narwal-help-patna-to-hat-trick/articleshow/59188914.cms |accessdate=10 June 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN |date=17 June 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610181326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pro-kabaddi-league/will-narwal-help-patna-to-hat-trick/articleshow/59188914.cms |archivedate=10 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile">{{cite web |last1=Kabaddi |first1=Pro |title=Pardeep Narwal player profile |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/players/197-pardeep-narwal-playerprofile |accessdate=26 June 2019 |website=prokabaddi |ref=1}}</ref> He started learning Kabaddi when he was only 6 years old. He got picked for his school's Kabaddi team when he was just 11 years old. Later, at 12, he joined the Haryana Kabaddi Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2023 |title=Pardeep Narwal Profile-Age Bio, Stats, Raid Points & Team [October 2023] |url=https://prokabaddiarena.com/pardeep-narwal-kabaddi-player/ |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Kabaddi career ==
Narwal made his debut in VIVO Pro Kabaddi with the Bengaluru Bulls against Patna Pirates in Season 2<ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile"/> and featured six times that campaign, scoring a total of nine raid points.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats">{{cite web |last1=Kabaddi |first1=Pro |title=Schedules, fixtures and results |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/schedule-fixtures-results |website=prokabaddi |accessdate=26 June 2019 |ref=2}}</ref>

Narwal moved to the Patna Pirates in Season 3<ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile"/> and blossomed into one of the best raiders in the league. He scored his first career Super 10 in the Pirates' 29–25 victory over Puneri Paltan in Kolkata, where he led both sides in scoring with 11 points on the night<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> Alongside Rohit Kumar, Narwal formed the league's most potent raiding duo as the two combined to score 194 raid points in the league stage of the campaign, with Kumar scoring 102 of those in 12 matches and Narwal scoring 92 raid points in 14 matches.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> Narwal scored his fifth Super 10 of the season against Puneri Paltan<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> in the semi-final but missed on the final through injury. The Pirates, however, triumphed over defending [[U Mumba]] by a scoreline of 31-28<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> and won their maiden VIVO Pro Kabaddi title.

Following Rohit Kumar moves to the Bengaluru Bulls, Pardeep took over the responsibility of being the Pirates' lead raider and enjoyed another sensational campaign, scoring 107 raid points in 14 league stage matches with four Super 10s,<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> the first of which came in narrow 36–34 win over U Mumba in Jaipur, where the raider scored, a match-high, 18 points. Narwal continued to carry the brunt of the raiding load in the playoffs and scored eight points in the Pirates' narrow 37–33 victory over Puneri Paltan in the semi-final,<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> taking them to their second-straight VIVO Pro Kabaddi final. In the final against [[Jaipur Pink Panthers]], Narwal unleashed a mammoth 16-point performance leading the Pirates to their second VIVO Pro Kabaddi title with a 37–29 victory<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> and won their second VIVO Pro Kabaddi title in a row.

Narwal's third season with the Pirates was arguably the best ever by a player VIVO Pro Kabaddi history, as the raider notched up 369 raid points and led the league in every raiding category.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile"/> Narwal scored a Super 10 in 19 off the 26 matches<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> that he played in that campaign, managing one in each of Patna Pirates' first three matches. He followed it up with just one in the subsequent four matches but after that relatively lean patch, he embarked on a run of eight straight matches with a Super 10 that eventually ended against the Tamil Thalaivas where he fell just one point short of 10 raid points.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/>

After finishing second in the Zone B standing,<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> Narwal and the Pirates battled [[Haryana Steelers]] in the Playoffs, where the raider scored, a VIVO Pro Kabaddi record, 34 raid points which included an eight-point raid, as the Pirates routed the Steelers 69–30.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> In Eliminator 3, Narwal yet again led by example, scoring 19 raid points in his team's 42–32 win over Puneri Paltan. In Qualifier 2, Narwal scored 23 raid points against the Bengal Warriors in his team's narrow 47–44 victory,<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> helping the Pirates reach their third straight VIVO Pro Kabaddi final. Narwal continued his unbelievable form in the final, scoring 19 raid points against Gujarat Fortunegiants to lead the Pirates to a 55–38 victory and capture their third straight VIVO Pro Kabaddi title.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/>

Narwal scored a Super 10 in each of his team's first three matches in Season 6 before falling short against the Telugu Titans.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> The next four matches also saw a similar trend for Narwal, as he scored three straight Super 10s before failing to do so against the same opponent in Patna.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/> Narwal continued to string along quality performances but the Pirates struggled for form towards the latter end of the season and needed a big finish to their campaign to stand a chance to qualify for the Playoffs. Narwal scored three Super 10s in the Pirates final five matches of the season but the team failed to register a single win and crashed out in the league stage of the campaign for the first time in franchise history. This Season was also a very Interesting Season for him as he was battling against other raiders for the most Raid Points but came 2nd with 222 raid points, The third was Siddharth Desai (214) and The First Was [[Pawan Sehrawat]] (262) who was astounding for his Pro season.<ref name="Pardeep Narwal stats"/>

In season 7, Narwal started slowly, but still became the first player to reach 1,000 points in the PKL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=25 December 2023 |title=PKL: Naveen Kumar completes 1000 raid points |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/naveen-kumar-1000-raid-points-pro-kabaddi-league-dabang-delhi-kc-pkl-2023/article67674366.ece |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kabaddiadda.com/video/off-the-mat/kabaddi-adda-originals-pardeep-narwal-1000raid-points-record|title=Pardeep Narwal's record-breaking journey to 1000 raid points in 99 matches|website=Kabaddi Adda|language=en|access-date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

In Pro Kabaddi League Season 9, he created a new unbreakable record as the first player in the league's history to score more than 1500 raid points in his PKL career. He set this record on 21 November 2022 at the Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, playing against Gujarat Giants. He is the top scorer in history of Pro-Kabaddi League. He opened a Kabaddi academy for the bright future of Indian youngsters in kabaddi. The name of his Kabaddi Academy is Narwal Sports Academy. He is the most followed Kabaddi player on Instagram.

In Season 10 of Pro Kabaddi League, Pardeep Narwal set an unbreakable record with 1600+ raid points, becoming the sole player to achieve this on 11 December 2023, against the Bengaluru Bulls at Sri Kanteerava Indoor Stadium, Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2023 |title=Pardeep Narwal - Kabaddi Player - Up Yoddhas |url=https://kabaddiakhada.com/pardeep-narwal-age-wife-total-raid-points/ |access-date=26 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''International'''

Pardeep Narwal has featured regularly for the Indian kabaddi team since 2016 and has won gold in three of the four tournaments that he has played in.

'''Retirement'''

On 2 June 2025, Pardeep Narwal announced his retirement from kabaddi at the age of 28, after he went unsold in [[2025 Pro Kabaddi League]] Auction.

==Honours==

'''Patna Pirates'''
* [[Pro Kabaddi League]]: [[2016 Pro Kabaddi League (January)|2016 jan]],[[2016 Pro Kabaddi League (June)|2016 june]],[[2017 Pro Kabaddi League|2017]]

'''India'''
* [[Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|Kabaddi World Cup]]: [[2016 Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|2016]]
* [[Asian Kabaddi Championship]]: [[2017 Asian Kabaddi Championship|2017]]
* [[Dubai Kabaddi Masters]]: [[Dubai Kabaddi Masters|2018]]

'''Individual'''
* VIVO Pro Kabaddi Most Valuable Player (2016, 2017)<ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile"/>
* Best Raider Award (2017, 2018)<ref name="Pardeep Narwal player profile"/>
*Most super raids in a season<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kharade |first=Akash |date=30 August 2021 |title=PKL 2021: From Pardeep Narwal's 8-point raid to Pawan Sehrawat's 39 points in a match, all stats you need to know from PKL history - Inside Sport India |url=https://www.insidesport.in/pkl-2021-from-pardeep-narwals-8-point-raid-to-pawan-sehrawats-39-points-in-a-match-all-stats-you-need-to-know-from-pkl-history/ |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=www.insidesport.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Most touch point in a single raid<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kharade |first=Akash |date=30 August 2021 |title=PKL 2021: From Pardeep Narwal's 8-point raid to Pawan Sehrawat's 39 points in a match, all stats you need to know from PKL history - Inside Sport India |url=https://www.insidesport.in/pkl-2021-from-pardeep-narwals-8-point-raid-to-pawan-sehrawats-39-points-in-a-match-all-stats-you-need-to-know-from-pkl-history/ |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=www.insidesport.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* First player to score 1500 raid points in PKL history, it was against Gujarat Giants VS UP Yoddha Match PKL season 9. [https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/kabaddi/news-pro-kabaddi-2022-pardeep-narwal-becomes-first-raider-pkl-history-score-1500-raid-points 8]
* Holds the record for the most raid points in PKL history, with 1700+ raid points.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2024 |title=Top PKL 2024 Players to Watch: Pardeep Narwal, Fazel & more |url=https://indicsports.com/pardeep-narwal-fazel-pawan-top-players-in-pkl-2024/ |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=Indic Sports}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{InterSportStats|3000577957|Pardeep Narwal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narwal, Pardeep}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League players]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Sonipat district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Yugi (film)

2026-04-23T17:40:53Z

Ayurtreatservices: new

{{Short description|2022 murder mystery film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{No plot|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yugi
| image = Yugi (film).jpg
| caption = Promotional poster (Tamil)
| director = Zac Harriss
| producer =
| writer = Packiaraj
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]]
*[[Sharaf U Dheen]]
*[[Narain (actor)|Narain]]
*[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]]
*[[Joju George]]
}}
| music = [[Ranjin Raj]] Dawn Vincent
| cinematography = Pushparaj Santhosh
| editing = Jomin Mathew
| studio = Juvis Productions
| distributor =
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|11|18}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil Malayalam
}}
'''''Yugi''''' (titled '''''Adrishyam''''' in Malayalam) is a 2022 Indian bilingual [[murder mystery film]] directed by Zac Harris, shot in Tamil and Malayalam simultaneously, stars [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]], [[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]] and [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] in the lead roles for the Tamil version, while [[Sharaf U Dheen]] and [[Joju George]] played the lead roles in the Malayalam version alongside Narain. It was released on 18 November 2022.

Apart from replacing the lead roles, the rest of ''Adrishyam'' was dubbed from ''Yugi''.

==Plot==
A detective, along with his team, goes in search of a missing girl. What follows are shocking revelations about Karthika, a girl who became the victim of power and economic exploitation.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] / [[Sharaf U Dheen]] as SI Rajkumar
*[[Narain (actor)|Narain]] as Nandakumar
*[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]] / [[Joju George]] as Sethu
*[[Athmiya Rajan]] as Shalini
*[[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] as Karthika
*[[Pavithra Lakshmi]] as Pavithra Mariamma
*[[Prathap Pothan]] as R. Purushothaman
*[[John Vijay]] as Guruprasad
*[[Munishkanth]] as Kokki Kumar
*[[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Dr. Chandrika
*[[Anjali Rao (actress)|Anjali Rao]] as Netra
*[[T. M. Karthik]] as Barber shop customer
*[[Namo Narayana]]
*[[A. Govindamoorthy|Pichaikkaran Moorthy]]
*Vetrivel Raja
*Prankster Rahul
*Zinil Zainuddin
*[[R. N. R. Manohar]] as the opposition party leader (uncredited)
*Kothandam as complainant (uncredited; Tamil version only)
}}

==Production==
In late 2019, director Zac Harriss and writer Packiaraj, sought out to make a Tamil film and pitched the idea to artistes to secure their dates. Upon discussions with [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], the makers chose to film it as a bilingual with separate actors in Tamil and Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=23 November 2022 |title=Actor Narain says the script gave him the confidence to go ahead with 'Adrishyam/Yugi' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-actor-narain-says-the-script-gave-him-the-confidence-to-go-ahead-with-the-malayalam-tamil-bilingual-film-adrishyamyugi/article66143568.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212010601/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-actor-narain-says-the-script-gave-him-the-confidence-to-go-ahead-with-the-malayalam-tamil-bilingual-film-adrishyamyugi/article66143568.ece |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2022 |title=Narain Interview: I want to stop doing cop roles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/24/narain-interview-i-want-to-break-out-of-cop-roles-36931.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212010601/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/24/narain-interview-i-want-to-break-out-of-cop-roles-36931.html |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> In Malayalam, the film starred Narain, [[Joju George]] and [[Sharaf U Dheen]], while in Tamil, the film starred Narain, [[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]] and [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]]. The filming was done simultaneously for both the versions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Narain had given us the idea of turning Adrishyam and Yugi it into a bilingual: Zac Harriss |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-narain-had-given-us-the-idea-of-turning-adrishyam-and-yugi-it-into-a-bilingual-zac-harriss/fe25e3ca7e893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203012857/https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-narain-had-given-us-the-idea-of-turning-adrishyam-and-yugi-it-into-a-bilingual-zac-harriss/fe25e3ca7e893 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Adrishyam, Yugi gave me the chance to work with new-gen actors like Kathir and Sharafudheen: Narain |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-adrishyam-yugi-gave-me-the-chance-to-work-with-new-gen-actors-like-kathir-and-sharafudheen-narain/54a709ef9e111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212010548/https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-adrishyam-yugi-gave-me-the-chance-to-work-with-new-gen-actors-like-kathir-and-sharafudheen-narain/54a709ef9e111 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Ranjin Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yugi (Original motion picture soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1MRydlX2awo8ic7OiAeFCb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218124417/https://open.spotify.com/album/1MRydlX2awo8ic7OiAeFCb |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Spotify}}</ref>
;Tamil
*"Kadavul Thandha" - [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]], [[Saindhavi]]
*"Neeradum" - Ranjin Raj
*"Moolaya Saanam" - Sivam

;Malayalam
*"Imakal" - KS Harishankar, Nithya Mammen
*"Imakal Chimmathiravum" - Ranjin Raj
*"Chandrakaladharane " - [[Joju George]]

==Reception==
The film was released on 18 November 2022 across Tamil Nadu and Kerala. A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]'' wrote the film was "a tedious revenge thriller with one too many twists" and that "the exposition and the unraveling in this film feels so overwhelming that we lose interest halfway".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2022 |title=Yugi Movie Review: A tedious revenge thriller with one too many twists |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/nov/18/yugi-movie-review-a-tedious-revenge-thriller-with-one-too-many-twists-36783.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212010550/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/nov/18/yugi-movie-review-a-tedious-revenge-thriller-with-one-too-many-twists-36783.html |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Times of India]]'' noted "''Yugi'' is interesting in bits and pieces, but fails to deliver as a whole". The reviewer added "the technical aspects of the film are quite decent and the background score really helps to elevate certain moments, which would have otherwise been flat".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |title=Yugi Movie Review: An intense thriller that could have been made better |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yugi/movie-review/95595670.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213071905/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yugi/movie-review/95595670.cms |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Despite its powerful star cast and potential to weave a gripping narrative, the loud treatment, haphazard editing, and horrific lip sync make ''Adrishyam'' an underwhelming watch".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=18 November 2022 |title='Adrishyam' movie review: An underwhelming thriller riddled with technical issues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adrishyam-movie-review-an-underwhelming-thriller-with-poor-lip-sync/article66153930.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212080750/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adrishyam-movie-review-an-underwhelming-thriller-with-poor-lip-sync/article66153930.ece |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Manorama Online]]'' opined that "Director Zac Harris has done a decent job keeping the mystery intact, though he hasn't been able to infuse much freshness into the plotline".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=18 November 2022 |title='Adrishyam' Review {{!}} Narain, Sharafudheen captivate in decent mystery drama |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/11/18/joju-george-narain-sharafudeen-adhrishyam-movie-malayalam-tamil-release.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212080751/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/11/18/joju-george-narain-sharafudeen-adhrishyam-movie-malayalam-tamil-release.html |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=Manorama Online}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|15392812}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]

Shatavadhani Ganesh

2026-04-23T11:52:36Z

Ayurtreatservices: new

{{Short description|Polyglot, Avadhani and an author}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox writer 
| image = R Ganesh, Shathavadhani.jpg
| name = Shatavadhani R. Ganesh
| caption = Shathavadhi R. Ganesh
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1962|12|4}}
| birth_name = R. Ganesh
| birth_place = Kolar, [[Kolar district]], Karnataka, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Avadhana]], author, extempore poet
| nationality = Indian
| period =
| genre =
| subject = [[Sanskrit]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| movement =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://padyapaana.com/}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering]],
[[Indian Institute of Science ]],
[[Kannada University]]
}}

'''R. Ganesh''' (also known popularly as '''Shatavadhani Ganesh''', born 4 December 1962<ref name=mswk/>) is a practitioner of the art of [[avadhana]], a polyglot, an author in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Kannada]] and an [[Ex tempore|extempore]] poet in multiple languages. He has performed more than 1300 avadhanas, in [[Kannada]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Prakrit]].<ref>Over 600 as of 2009, see ''Modern Sanskrit Writings in Karnataka''. Over 965 as of 2012, see Kannadaprabha 29 November 2012</ref><ref name=tk1000/> He is known for extempore composition of poetry (āśukavita) during these performances, and even of chitrakavya.<ref name=mswk/> He is the only Śatāvadhāni from [[Karnataka]].<ref name=mswk/><ref name=swii/><ref name=day1kpr/> He once set a record by composing poetry for twenty-four hours continuously.<ref name=mswk/> From 30 November 2012 to 2 December 2012, he performed the first ever Shatavadhana entirely in Kannada.<ref name=hinpa/><ref name=shathaavadhaani/><ref name=day1report/><ref name=day1vv/> On 16 February 2014, in Bangalore, he performed his 1000th avadhāna.<ref name=tk1000/><ref name=vv1000/>

He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=R Ganesh awarded Padma bhushan for outstanding contribution to art |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/shatavadhani-dr-r-ganesh-awarded-padma-bhushan-for-outstanding-contribution-to-art-indian-cultural-heritage-3874597 |website=deccanherald.com |publisher=The Printers Mysore |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref>

==Childhood and education==
Ganesh was born on 4 December 1962 in a [[brahmin]] family, in [[Kolar, Karnataka]], to R. Shankar Narayan Aiyar and K. V. Alamelamma.<ref name=mswk/> Ganesh picked up Kannada, Telugu and Tamil from his environment as a child.<ref name=ksu/> Also in his childhood, he read Sanskrit and Kannada literature and was writing poetry at the age of sixteen.<ref name=ksu/> He learned English at school, and he later learned several other languages like [[Prakrit]], [[Pali]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]] and Italian.<ref name=ksu/> He has a [[B.E.]] degree in mechanical engineering from [[UVCE]],<ref name=interview/> an [[M.Sc|MSc (Engineering)]] degree in metallurgy from [[IISc]],<ref name=interview/><ref name=day1kpp/> pursued research in materials science and metallurgy,<ref name=rasa/> has an MA degree in Sanskrit, and a [[D. Litt]] in Kannada,<ref name=mswk/><ref name=day1kpp/> which was awarded by [[Kannada University|Hampi University]]<ref name=ksu/> for his thesis on the art of Avadhana in Kannada.<ref name=rasa/>

==Avadhana==
[[File:Ganesh_shatavadhani_2.jpg|thumb|right|Ganesh at Bangalore Astavadhana, at Kuvempu Bhasha Pradhikara, 14 February 2021]]
[[File:Dr.R_Ganesh1.JPG|thumb|right|Ganesh speaking in the felicitation program of [[S. L. Bhyrappa]] ]]
Ganesh is well known for his performances of ''[[Avadhanam|avadhana]]'', in which he composes extempore solutions in metrical verse to problems posed in parallel by the ''pṛcchaka''s on stage, satisfying the constraints imposed by them, while simultaneously dealing with interruptions designed to break his concentration.<ref name=day1vv/><ref name=interview/> The performance tests poetic skill, creativity, memory, concentration, scholarship, and wit.<ref name=day1kpp/> The main variants are the Aṣṭāvadhāna (eight ''pṛcchaka''s) and Śatāvadhāna (hundred ''pṛcchaka''s), both of which he performs.<ref name=interview/>

Although there are records of Bellave Narahari Sastry performing ''avadhana'' in Kannada during 1933–36 (having learnt it from Telugu's Pisupati Chidambara Shastri), there was no living tradition of avadhana in Kannada when Ganesh took it up; thus he is credited with reviving ''avadhana'' in Kannada.<ref name=interview/><ref name=day1kpp/><ref name=culturalindia/> In 1981, after seeing an avadhana performance for the first time, by Lepakshi Medavaram Mallikarjuna Sharma, he tried one himself in front of his friends.<ref name=interview/> He performed 13 astavadhana between 1981 and 1987.<ref name=interview/> In 1987, he gave a major astavadhana performance at Kolar in the centenary year of [[D. V. Gundappa]], where thousands of people and several learned persons assembled.<ref name=interview/> His 100th and 200th astavadhanas were also performed at Kolar, his native place.<ref name=culturalindia/> His astavadhanas became very popular and he gave hundreds of performances, some of which were viewed by people even in pouring rain.<ref name=interview/> He has performed ''avadhana''s using eight languages, including Sanskrit, Kannada and Telugu.<ref name=interview/> He is also credited with introducing ''chitrakavya'' into ''avadhana'', previously considered impossible to do in an ''avadhana''.<ref name=interview/> He has given more than 20 avadhana performances in American and European countries.<ref name=culturalindia/>

He performed his first Shatavadhana at [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], Bangalore on 15 December 1991.<ref name=interview/> He did another one 15 days later, then one each again in 1992 and 1993, with his fifth, the first to be done entirely in Kannada, in 2012.<ref name=interview/><ref name=day3kp/><ref name=day3vv/>

In addition to his D. Litt thesis ''The Art of Avadhana in Kannada'' and the forthcoming ''Avadhana Sahasra'', he has written books about the art of Avadhana to groom future ''avadhani''s <ref name=interview/> including ''Shatavadhana Sharade'', ''Shatavadhana Srividye'' and ''Sataavadhaana Shaashvati''. He has also started lectures on poetry composition, prosody and poetics on the website of "Padyapaana" organisation.<ref name=interview/>

==Other work==
He performed a shatavadhana in a single day in 1991{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}}. He also gives public lectures,<ref name=lectures/> on dance (''[[Natya Shastra|nāṭya śāstra]]''), music,<ref name=raagaanuraaga/><ref name=raagaanuraagapv/> art, culture, literature,<ref name=kalidasa/> poetics, etc.<ref name=day1kpr/> In his kAvya-chitra shows, he performs with painter [[B.K.S.Varma]], composing poems while the latter paints.<ref name=kavyachitra1/><ref name=kavyachitra2/> He has also written lyrics and composed verses for dance performances.<ref name=interview/><ref name=dance1/><ref name=dance2/> He learned the performance art [[Yakshagana]] and conceived the idea of ''eka vyakthi yakshagana'' (single-person Yakshagana), of which several performances have been given by Mantapa Prabhakara Upadhyaya.<ref name=interview/> He has played the role of [[Horatio (Hamlet)|Horatio]] (dubbed Harshananda) in a Sanskrit production of ''[[Hamlet]]''.<ref name=horatio/> He has given multiple lectures on various topics in Gokhale Institute of Public affairs, most of which is published on YouTube.

== Literary works==
* ''Kannadadalli Avadhanakale'' (The art of Avadhana in Kannada) (D. Litt thesis)<ref name=day1kpr/>
* ''Vitaana''
* ''Nityaneeti''<ref name=mswk/>
* ''ShriChakreshwari Stavana''
* ''Sandhyadarshana''
* ''Shatavadhanasharade''
* ''Kavitegondu Kathe''
* ''Dhoomadhoota'', a parody of [[Meghaduta]]<ref name=mswk/>
* ''Samaanyadharma''<ref name=mswk/>
* ''Neelakanthadeekshitana Shatakatraya''
* ''Shaddarshana Sangraha''
* ''Vanitaakavitotsava''
* ''Kusumadevana Drishtantakalikaa Shataka mattu Neelakanthadeekshitana Shaantivilasa''
* ''Vibhootipurusha Vidyaranya''
* ''Human values in the code of Kautilya''
* ''Human values in Manusmriti''
* ''Human values in the Ramayana''<ref name=hvramayana/>
* ''Human values in Telugu Literature''
* ''Subhashita Samputa''
* ''Alankaarashastra''
* ''Bharateeya Kshaatra Parampare''
* ''Brahmapuriya Bhikshuka''<ref name=day1kpp/>
* Mannina Kanasu
; Works in Sanskrit
Ganesh is considered one of the Sanskrit authors to have "carved a niche for themselves in twentieth century", and is credited with introducing new genres into Sanskrit literature.<ref name=mswk/> His works include:
* Anveṣaṇam, an allegorical one-act play (rūpaka), a satire on social evils (1984)<ref name=mswk/><ref name=swii/><ref name=modernsanskritbib/>{{rp|5}}
* Sāmbalaharī (khaṇḍakāvya) (1989)<ref name=modernsanskritbib/>{{rp|280}}
* Śaṅkaravivekīyam, a poem with two readings (dvisandhānākavya)<ref name=mswk/>
* Antaḥkāntiḥ, a novel in blank verse, on the last days of [[Vivekananda]]<ref name=mswk/>
* Saugandhikā, a collection of sonnets in blank verse<ref name=mswk/>
* Citraculikā, an example of Chitrakavya.<ref name=mswk/>
* Śrīkṛṣṇa-laharī, 123 verses on [[Krishna]]<ref name=mswk/>
* Śrījāmba-laharī, 51 verses on [[Shiva]]<ref name=mswk/>
* Śṛṅgāra-laharī, 103 verses long<ref name=mswk/>
* Jātaśakuntalā, a 123-verse work on [[Shakuntala]]<ref name=mswk/>
* Ilākaivalyam, 154 verses in Vedic metre<ref name=mswk/>
* Evam api ṛtavaḥ, poem on the effects of the seasons on village life<ref name=mswk/>
* Cāṭucandrikā, 87 blank verses<ref name=mswk/>
* Śrīcandreśvarīstavanam (with Kannada translation)<ref name=mswk/>
* Madhusadma : a collection of Sanskrit poems 1st ed. R. Ganesh; with a foreword by K. Krishnamoorthy. Published 1989. Library of CongressPK3799.G29 M33 1989

==Awards==
* [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] (Karnataka State Award) for 1992 by the [[Government of Karnataka]]. At 29, he was the youngest person to have received the award.<ref name=mswk/><ref name=day1kpp/>
* Rashtriya Yuva Pratibha Puraskar<ref name=mswk/>
* Kāvyakaṇṭhapraśasti<ref name=mswk/>
* Bādarāyaṇa-Vyāsa Puraskar<ref name=mswk/><ref name=inventory/> awarded by the President of India for contributions to Sanskrit<ref name=day1kpp/> for the year 2003.<ref name=presidentaward/>
* 'Sediyapu Award' for the year 2010.<ref>{{cite news | title=Udupi: Sediyapu Award for 'Shatavadhani' R Ganesh | date=16 May 2010 | place=Udupi | newspaper= Daijiworld | url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=77521&n_tit=Udupi%3A+Sediyapu+Award+for+%91Shatavadhani%92+R+Ganesh}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate (D. Litt) from Tumkur University in 2010.<ref>{{citation | url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=675576 | title=Hegde, Sudha Murthy to be Conferred Honorary Doctorate | date=1 March 2010 | magazine=Outlook India | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131075455/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=675576 | archive-date=31 January 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* "Chit-prabhananda" award<ref>{{citation | url=http://prajavani.net/include/story.php?news=31440&section=104&menuid=10 | newspaper=Prajavani | date=19 July 2011 | place=Mysore | title=ಶತಾವಧಾನಿ ಗಣೇಶ್‌ಗೆ 'ಚಿತ್ಪ್ರಭಾನಂದ' ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Erya Award for 2012.<ref>{{citation | url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=126409 | title= Erya Award Conferred on Scholar Dr R Ganesh | date = 3 January 2012 | newspaper= Daijiworld Media Network – Mangalore}}</ref>
* [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] 2021.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2021 |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2021.pdf |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]], 2026 <ref name="NIE2026">{{cite news |title=Eight luminaries from Karnataka win Padma awards |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=2026-01-26 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2026/Jan/26/eight-luminaries-from-karnataka-win-padma-awards-3 |access-date=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref name="PadmaVibhushan">{{cite web |title=Classical Artists in the 2026 Padma Honours List |website=Indian Classical Network |url=https://indianclassical.net/article/legacy-and-lore-celebrating-classical-artists-2026-padma-honours-list |access-date=2026-04-12}}</ref>

==Media gallery==
{{Gallery
| File:Introduction about solo performance in Yakshagana.webm
| Introduction about solo performance in Yakshagana by R. Ganesh
| File:GIPA lectures- Dr. S. Srikanta Shastri's “Bharathiya Samskruthi” – by Dr. R.Ganesh.webm
| A two part lecture series by R. Ganesh on [[S. Srikanta Sastri|Dr. S. Srikanta Sastri]]’s Kannada magnum opus: ''Bharathiya Samskruthi''
| File:Music and analysis program of Kannada novel Mandra (2015).webm
| Music and analysis program of author [[S. L. Bhyrappa]]'s Kannada novel ''[[Mandra (novel)|Mandra]]'', by R. Ganesh
|File:Shathavadhani Ganesh 2.jpg
| R. Ganesh sharing his thoughts on documentary on the making of theatrical play based on ''[[Parva (novel)]]''
}}

==References==
<references>
<ref name="modernsanskritbib">{{citation | url=http://sanskrit.nic.in/biblofinal.pdf | title=A Bibliography of Modern Sanskrit Writings | publisher=[[Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan]] | place=New Delhi | year=2012 | access-date=24 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502131813/http://sanskrit.nic.in/biblofinal.pdf | archive-date=2 May 2013 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="mswk">{{citation | url=http://sanskrit.nic.in/DigitalBook/M/Mswk.pdf | title=Modern Sanskrit Writings in Karnataka | author=S. Ranganath | publisher=[[Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan]] | place=New Delhi | year=2009 | pages=iii, iv, viii, ix,74–76}}</ref>
<ref name="swii">{{citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02nqJzMUhasC&pg=PA31 | title= Sanskrit Writings in Independent India | author=Vashishtha Narayan Jha | year = 2003 | publisher = [[Sahitya Akademi]] | page=31| isbn= 9788126018123 }}</ref>
<ref name="rasa">{{citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUgKAQAAMAAJ&q=shatavadhani | page=288 | title=Consciousness, experience, and ways of knowing: perspectives from science, philosophy & the arts | publisher= National Institute of Advances Studies | place=Bangalore | year=2006 | author=Sangeetha Menon| isbn=9788187663614 }}</ref>
<ref name="lectures">For instance, he has spoken on 'Kaalidasana Kavyasamskruti' ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071021132345/http://hindu.com/2007/10/20/stories/2007102061430400.htm], [https://web.archive.org/web/20071026133010/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/24/stories/2007102463770400.htm]), on "Science and Spirituality" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071201155840/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/22/stories/2007112261510400.htm]), on "values" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20101016004532/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/10/stories/2010101054110500.htm]), etc.</ref>
<ref name="kavyachitra1">{{citation | url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/19/stories/2006121916070200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106230415/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/19/stories/2006121916070200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 January 2007 | title= Competitions, cultural programmes, mark Kala Utsav 2006 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date= 19 December 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="kavyachitra2">{{citation | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060409760400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040702182426/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060409760400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 July 2004 | date= 4 June 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title= Briefly | place=Chitradurga}}</ref>
<ref name="dance1">{{citation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/article465379.ece | title= Brilliant aristry | author=Prabal Gupta | date= 18 June 2010 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="dance2">{{citation | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/10/08/stories/2010100850920300.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125054233/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/10/08/stories/2010100850920300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 January 2013 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title= Brilliant choreography | date= 8 October 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="horatio">{{citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5FlAAAAMAAJ&q=ganesh | title= Shakespeare in Indian languages | year = 1999 | page = 74 | author=D. A. Shankar | publisher= Indian Institute of Advanced Study| isbn= 9788185952659 }}</ref>
<ref name="hvramayana">{{citation | title=Human values in the Ramayana | year=1998 | publisher=Gandhi Centre of Science and Human Values of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | author=R. Ganesh | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2RRAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>
<ref name="ksu">{{citation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224183754/http://ksu.ac.in/en/academics/visiting-faculty/ | archive-date=2014-02-24 | url=http://www.ksu.ac.in/en/academics/visiting-faculty/ | publisher=Karnataka Samskrit University | title=Visiting Faculty: Dr. R. Ganesh}}</ref>
<ref name="hinpa">{{citation | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/test-of-memory-and-verse-in-kannada/article4149156.ece | title=Test of memory and verse, in Kannada | date= 30 November 2012 | newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
<ref name="shathaavadhaani">{{citation | url=http://shathaavadhaani.com/ | title=Padyapaana presents Shathaavadhaani | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119050812/http://shathaavadhaani.com/ | archive-date=19 November 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="interview">{{cite news|author=Rajesha Mundigesara (Interview with R.Ganesh)|title=Avadhanavannu Janare Ulisuttare|access-date=1 December 2012|newspaper=[[Kannada Prabha]]|date=29 November 2012|page=9|url=http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/29112012/9.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061339/http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/29112012/9.pdf|archive-date=23 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="day1report">{{cite news | newspaper=[[Kannada Prabha]] | date=1 December 2012 | page=2 | title=Manadumbida Śatāvadhāna | url=http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/1-12-2012/2.pdf }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="culturalindia">{{cite web|last=Pandit|first=Suryaprakash|title=Shathavadhani R Ganesh|url=http://www.culturalindia.org/data/rganesh.asp|publisher=Cultural India Foundation|access-date=1 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216173132/http://www.culturalindia.org/data/rganesh.asp|archive-date=16 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="day1kpp">{{cite news | newspaper=Kannada Prabha | date=1 December 2012 | page=8 | title=Śatāvadhāni Emba Vidvat Śikhara, Oḍalalli Mātṛ Prītiya Sāgara | author=Pratap Simha | url=http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/1-12-2012/8.pdf }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="day1kpr">{{cite news | newspaper=Kannada Prabha | date=1 December 2012 | page=17 | title=Sāvadhāna | author=Rajesha Mundigesara | url=http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/1-12-2012/17.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061459/http://archives.kannadaprabha.com/pdf/1-12-2012/17.pdf | archive-date=23 October 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="day1vv">{{cite news | newspaper=[[Vijaya Vani]] | date=1 December 2012 | page=6 | title=Shatavadhanada Chakravyuha Bhedisida Ganesh | url=http://epapervijayavani.in/Details.aspx?id=4935&boxid=34915416 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819203345/http://epapervijayavani.in/Details.aspx?id=4935&boxid=34915416 | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 August 2014 }}</ref>
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<ref name="raagaanuraagapv">{{citation | url = http://www.prajavani.net/article/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A6-%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF | title = 'ರಾಗಾನುರಾಗ'ದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದಲಿ... | date = 8 August 2013 | newspaper = [[Prajavani]]}}</ref>
<ref name="presidentaward">{{citation | url = http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/MBVSamman.pdf | title = List of Awardees for Maharshi Badarayan Vyas Samman 2002–2009 | date = 21 October 2013 | page = 1 }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="tk1000">{{citation | url = https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bengaluru/padyapana-ashtavadhanam-dr-r-ganesh-jayanagar-live-081719.html | date = 13 February 2014 | title = ಆರ್ ಗಣೇಶ್ ಅವರ ಸಾವಿರದ ಅಷ್ಟಾವಧಾನ ಲೈವ್}}</ref>
<ref name="vv1000">{{cite news | url = http://epapervijayavani.in/Details.aspx?id=11768&boxid=142132916 | title = ಕತ್ತಲಿಗಿಂತ ಬೆಳಕಿನ ಹಿಂದೆ ಓಡುವುದು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು: ಸಾವಿರದ ಅಷ್ಟಾವಧಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಪಂಡಿತರ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಸರಾಗವಾಗಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿದ ಅವಧಾನಿ ಡಾ. ಆರ್. ಗಣೇಶ್‌ | newspaper = Vijayavani | place = Bangalore | date = 17 February 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140304055812/http://epapervijayavani.in/Details.aspx?id=11768&boxid=142132916 | archive-date = 4 March 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
</references>

==External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121119050812/http://shathaavadhaani.com/ Official website]
* [http://prekshaa.in/author/shatavadhani-dr-r-ganesh/ Articles on Prekshaa Journal]
* [https://archive.today/20140223213316/http://new.livestream.com/accounts/1646169/saaviradaAvadhaana Livestream of 1000th avadhana]

{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganesh, Shatavadhani}}
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poets]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Kolar district]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]

Iranshah Atash Behram

2026-04-23T07:41:43Z

Ayurtreatservices: made some data added tags...

{{short description|Zoroastrian fire temple at Udvada, Gujarat, India}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Iranshah Atash Behram
| religious_affiliation = Zoroastrianism
| image = Iranshah Atash Behram front façade.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Udvada Atash Behram [[Fire temple]] in Udvada
| deity =
| festivals = Salgiri, Bahram roj, Zoroastrian New Year
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| map_type = India Gujarat#India
| map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| coordinates = {{coord|20|29|15|N|72|52|14|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| type = [[Atash Behram]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| locale = [[Udvada]], [[Valsad District]]
| elevation_m =
| website = |
}}

The '''Iranshah Atash Behram''', also known as the '''Udwada Atash Behram''', is a sacred fire housed in a temple in [[Udvada]], [[Valsad district]], [[Gujarat]] on the west coast of [[India]]. The [[Atash Bahram]], meaning "Victorious Fire", is the oldest [[fire temple]] in India, dated to the eighth century, and represents the historical cultural and religious links with Iran. The current temple housing the sacred fire was built in 1742 by Motlibai Wadia from [[Bombay]]. The temple structure, built spaciously, is well decorated and contains the Dasturji Kaiyoji Mirza hall and a museum. The main hall of the temple is accessed through a two-stage staircase. The temple attracts [[Zoroastrian]] pilgrims from all parts of India, Pakistan, and from around the world.

==Location==
The Udvada Atash Behram, also called the Iran Shah,{{Sfn|Rose|2014|p=190}} "King of Iran",{{Sfn|Meri|2005|p=877}} is a fire temple of the [[Zoroastrian religion]]; one of the eight in India. It is located in [[Udvada]] (also spelled Udwada) in [[Valsad District]], [[Gujarat]] on the west coast of India. Outside India, [[Yazd]] in Central Iran has the only other Atash Behram. Udvada, a small coastal village, of about {{Convert|2|km2}} area,<ref name=Sagar>{{Cite news|last=Sagar|first= Homai |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091004/spectrum/main5.htm|title=Fire of faith |access-date=10 April 2015|date=4 October 2009|newspaper=The Tribune}}</ref> is on the southern coast of Gujarat. The village was gifted to the priests by the king of [[Mandvi]].<ref name=Mehta>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Behram |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-fire-temple-at-udvada-is-central-to-parsi-religion-1535653 |title=Fire temple at Udvada is central to Parsi religion |date=24 April 2011 |publisher=DNA India}}</ref> It is approachable by road and rail. It is {{Convert|206|km}} away from [[Mumbai]] towards the north, situated between [[Vapi]] town and [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] on the [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|National Highway (NH8)]] which passes through Manor. The nearest railway station is also in Udvada which is on the [[Virar railway station|Virar]]-[[Surat railway station|Surat]] section.<ref name=Sagar/>

==History==
[[File:Udvada Fire Temple 1905.JPG|right|thumb|[[Udvada]] Atash Bahram in 1905]]
Udvada Atash Behram is the oldest existing fire temple in India, representing a cultural and religious link with Iran.{{Sfn|Rose|2014|p=190}} The Atash Bahram fire was consecrated at Sanjan from alaat (sacred implements for consecration) brought from Iran to India in 715, consequent to the migration of [[Zoroastrians]] in [[Greater Persia]] due to the persecution by the [[Islamic]] rulers who conquered that country; those who moved to India are called [[Parsis]];{{Sfn|Hartz|2009|p=59-60}}{{Sfn|Joshi |2012|p=177}} the earliest link of worship of the sacred fire in Zoroastrian temples are dated to the 4th-century BC.{{Sfn|Krishnan|2009|p=156}} The Parsis traveled by ship from [[Hormuz Island|Hormuz]] in the [[Persian Gulf]] and landed on the Indian coast at [[Diu, India|Diu]]. They then moved along the coast to [[Sanjan (Gujarat)|Sanjan]], probably named by them to commemorate remembrance of a town in north Iran, Zanjan, in Northern Khorasan, (see link of Sanjan above), here the local [[Hindu]] king, [[Jadi Rana]], gave them asylum and land to settle down but under a few stipulations.{{Sfn|Hartz|2009|pp=59–60}}{{Sfn|Joshi |2012|p=177}} They settled down in Sanjan and then established their first Atash Bahram, a first-grade fire temple (fire drawn from sixteen sources) in India in 721 by enshrining the holy fire after consecration with alaats (sacred implements) that had been brought from Iran.{{Sfn|Hartman|1980|p=20}} This temple thus created a ''[[silsila]]'', a traditional link, for the Parsi community of Sanjan with Iran. The consecration ceremony involved long and winding rites, which lasted for many months. The temple flourished, the community took firm roots, and it was their only such temple during that period, though as a community they spread to other regions of India.<ref name= Kotwal>{{Cite journal|last=Kotwal|first= Firoze M. |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4006324&fileId=S0041977X00127557|title=Some observations on the history of the Parsi Dar-i Mihrs|date= 1974 |access-date=10 April 2015|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume= 37 |issue= 3 |pages= 664–669 |doi= 10.1017/S0041977X00127557 |s2cid= 162207182 |url-access= subscription }}</ref> Their stay in Sanjan lasted for about four centuries till political events took a turn. In 1297, the [[Muslim]] ruler, Sultan Mahmud, invaded Gujarat and occupied the Sanjan area also; during this battle, the Parsis had sided with the Hindus but it was a lost cause. The Parsis then took shelter in the [[Bahrot Caves]] and kept the sacred fire there for 12 years. As the safety conditions improved, the Sanjan priests then shifted, with the holy fire, to another village known as [[Vansda]], and remained there for 14 years, when pilgrims started visiting the fire shrine.{{Sfn|Hartz|2009|pp=59–60}}<ref name=Iranica>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iransah|title=Irānšāh|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica}}</ref> During this period, one of the pilgrims, Changashah, also known as Changa Asa, of Navsari, who was also a benefactor, who used to travel to Bansda, persuaded the priests of Sanjan to move to Navsari.<ref name=Iranica/>
[[File:Ajmalgadh4.jpg|thumb|Ajmalgadh near Vansda where the holy fire was kept for 14 years. The memorial pillar marks the site.]]
In 1419, the holy fire was moved by the priests to Navsari, a town near [[Surat]], where they established themselves for more than 300 years (1419 to 1740).<ref name=Mehta/> Due to security concerns created by [[Pindari|Pindharas]] (nomadic robbers), it temporarily moved to Surat, and as the situation eased it was brought back to Navsari.<ref name=Mehta/> The Sanjan priests and the Bhagarias (local priests) of Navsari had a working arrangement to run the sacred fire temple, but this understanding broke down and legal issues ensued. Disturbed by this development, the Sanjan priests moved out of Navsari with their sacred fire, and housed the fire in one of the two agiaris (the first level of fire temples) in [[Valsad]], {{Convert|32|km}} away from Navsari. Even here the Sanjan priests could not come to amicable terms with the local priests of the agiari and in 1741 they decided to move to Udvada, which was under the Sanjan community.<ref name=Iranica/><ref name= Hinnells>{{Cite web|last1= Hinnells |first1= John R. |last2= Williams |first2= Alan |url=https://archive.org/stream/ParsisInIndiaAndTheDiaspora/John_Hinnells_Parsis_in_India_and_the_Diaspora_BookFi.org_djvu.txt. |title=Parsis In India And The Diaspora|publisher= I J Routledge, J. Taylor & Francis Group|pages=22,23, 103}}</ref> One year later Zoroastrians built an Atash Behram in Udvada and moved the sacred fire to it;{{Sfn|Hartz|2009|p=61}} it was consecrated by two high priests (dasturs) who had carried the fire from Navsari.<ref name=Mehta/>{{Sfn|Hartz|2009|pp=59–60}}<ref name= Hinnells/>

The Atash Behram ("Iran Shah fire") is a symbolic representation of the [[Sasanian Empire|Zoroastrian monarchy]] of Iran that was overthrown by [[Arabs]]{{Sfn|Meri|2005|p=877}}), which had been first established at Sanjan in the 90th year of the Yezdezardi era by the first [[Shehenshahi]] Zoroastrian immigrants in India, is now maintained at Udvada by their descendants;{{Sfn|Giara|2002|p=2}} these are nine families of priests who were descendants of the three priests who had retrieved the sacred fire from Sanjan to safety. Two High Priests or [[Dastur]] of the temple are chosen by a rotation system among these nine families. <ref name=Iranica/> The last two High Priests serving together were Dr. Dastur Hormazdyar Mirza, a Ph.D. in Zoroastrian scholarship and Dastur Kaikobad Dastur. Upon his death, Dastur Hormazdyar was succeeded by his son, Dastur Peshotan Mirza, and after the demise of Dastur Kaikobad his son Dastur Khurshed. Dastur Peshotan too died and the dual High Priest system seems to have been temporarily set aside. It's important to note this dual High Priest tradition because the rest of the seven Atash Behrams in India have had the tradition of one High Priest of every temple.

To retain the heritage status of the fire temple and the Udvada town, a development plan was initiated in 2007 by the [[Government of India]] and [[Government of Gujarat]] with a fund of [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 15 million. This involved the preservation of the heritage buildings including the fire temple in Udvada without allowing to make it a tourist hub.<ref name=Sagar/>

==Features==
The architect and builder of the temple was Dinshaw Dorabjee Mistry from Mumbai. The temple structure has been built spaciously and well decorated. The main hall of the temple, which is {{Convert|50|x|25|ft}}, is accessed through a two-stage staircase. The flooring in the hall is paved with [[Mintons|Minton tiles]]. A portrait of the [[Zoroaster]] is fixed in the main hall at a vantage position. In the first floor, there is a very large hall of {{Convert|100|x|50|ft}} size. The color scheme, the quality of carpets, and the type of tiles used in the temple have received appreciation from the devotees.{{Sfn|Giara|2002|p=2}} The ''urwisgah'', or place of the rituals for worship, is accessed from the doors on the right at the entrance.{{Sfn|Godrej|Mistree|2002|p=302}} Within this temple, there are the Dasturji Koyaji Mirza hall and a museum.{{Sfn|Rose|2014|p=190}}

In Sanjan, the holy fire was placed in a traditional "altar-like pillar with hollow top" similar to those used in Iran. In Navasari, the fire was kept in an ''āfrinagān'', which was shaped like a vase. A larger version of this was developed as a model for adoption at all other Atash Bahrams.<ref name=Iranica/>

The ''boi'' ritual involves the enthroning of the (machi) of the fire. It is done with Nine sticks of [[sandalwood]] of {{Convert|45|cm}} length each; at other similar shrines the number of sandalwood sticks used are seven of {{Convert|30|cm}} length each.{{Sfn|Godrej|Mistree|2002|p=305}}

Portrait of important priests and the religious organizations, who have played a significant role in establishing the temple, are fixed on the outer hall walls of the temple.{{Sfn|Godrej|Mistree|2002|p=302}} The original temple was refurbished by Lady Motlibhai Wadia in 1894.<ref name= Mulchandani >{{Cite news |last= Mulchandani |first=Anil |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/article1350436.ece?service=print |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230111720/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/article1350436.ece?service=print |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 30, 2012 |title=Eternal flame of Gujarat |date=30 November 2012 |newspaper=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Rituals==
The key unique aspects of Iranshah's rituals are : the ''boi'' is only offered by Yozdathregar priests of the nine original Sanjana families, the bell is rung ten times instead of nine (the first bell being rung before offering the maachi), and the gãthu bharvāni kriya offered in Ushain geh where eleven Atash niayesh are prayed instead of nine and a charred wood billet is buried in the ash.
The first ''boi'' and ''maachi'', the ceremony that accompanies the regular tending of fire five times a day, was offered to the holy fire at the new temple by Dastur Phirozeji's son, Dastur Kekobad.<ref>{{cite book|title=Parsiana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1zwvAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=P. Warden|page=146}}</ref>

==Pilgrimage==
Zoroastrian pilgrims from all parts of [[India]], [[Iran]], the [[United States of America|United States]], [[Canada]], [[Pakistan]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]], and wherever Parsis and Zoroastrians have settled (there are families settled in Hong Kong, South Africa, Kenya, Singapore) and Iranian Zoroastrians visit the temple on pilgrimage.<ref name=Sagar/> Newlywed couples also visit Udvada on pilgrimage, and on their behalf, their parents offer a ''machi'' (throne of wood to the fire{{Sfn|Kreyenbroek|2013|p=338}}) at the temple.{{Sfn|Kreyenbroek|2013|p=34}}

==Festivals==
The anniversary, known as ''sālgiri'', corresponding to the date of establishing the Atash Behram in Udvada and also in other Atash Bahrams in India, is celebrated every year according to the [[Zoroastrian calendar|Shenshai Zoroastrian calendar]] on the day called ''Ādur'' of the month also called ''Ādur'', the ninth Zoroastrian month and the ninth day of the month<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iransah|title=I Ādur|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica}}</ref>); pilgrims visit not only on the day of the month but also throughout the Ādur month.<ref name=Iranica/> Apart from the ''salgiri'', the other religious observance held every month is the "Bahrām" day (the twentieth day of the month). The [[Nowruz|Parsi New Year]], normally held in August, is also celebrated here when a large number of devotees flock to the shrine.<ref name=Sagar/>

On festive occasions, the Udvada shrine comes to life with large number of pilgrims engaged in buying sandalwood, flowers and other religious paraphernalia to offer to the fire.<ref name= Mulchandani/>

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Restored staircase at the Verandah.jpg|Restored staircase at the Verandah.
File:The verandah of the Iranshah Atash Behram.jpg|The verandah of the Iranshah Atash Behram.
File:Portrait of Bai Motlibai Manockjee Wadia at the Iranshah Atash Behram.jpg|Portrait of Bai Motlibai Manockjee Wadia at the Iranshah Atash Behram.
File:The Kustī Area.jpg|The Kustī Area.
File:The Barashnūm Gāh.jpg|The Barashnūm Gāh.
File:Iranshah Atash Behram front façade.jpg|Iranshah Atash Behram front façade.
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Sharifabad, Ardakan]], another notable Zoroastrian pilgrimage site in Iran
* [[Fire Temple of Yazd|Yazd Atash Behram]]
* [[List of fire temples in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last= Giara |first=Marzban Jamshedji |title=Global Directory of Zoroastrian Fire Temples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5X4RAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Marzban J. Giara}}
*{{cite book|last1=Godrej|first1=Pheroza |last2=Mistree|first2=Firoza Punthakey |title=A Zoroastrian Tapestry: Art, Religion & Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E68zAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Mapin Pub.|isbn=978-81-85822-71-6}}
*{{cite book|last= Hartz |first=Paula |title=Zoroastrianism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWJdlJjGx5MC&pg=PA61|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-1780-5}}
*{{cite book|last= Hartman |first=Sven S. |title=Parsism: The Religions of Zoroaster|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jdA4IYrZbgC&pg=PA20|year=1980|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-06208-4}}
*{{cite book|last= Joshi |first=Prakash Vinod |title=Life in Four Continents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B2rh4uwbF9EC&pg=PA177|date=9 February 2012|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4697-0945-1}}
*{{cite book|last= Kreyenbroek |first=Philip G. |title=Living Zoroastrianism: Urban Parsis Speak about Their Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTUsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-11962-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Krishnan|first=Rama|title=Many Paths, One Destination: Love, Peace, Compassion, Tolerance, and Understanding Through World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B7v5MBUO5QC&pg=PA156|year=2009|publisher=Wheatmark, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60494-148-7}}
*{{cite book|last= Meri |first=Josef W. |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1ZsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA877|year= 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45596-5}}
*{{cite book|last= Rose |first=Jenny |title=Zoroastrianism: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1oBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|year=2014|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-971-3}}

{{Atash Behram temples}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Valsad district]]
[[Category:Fire temples in India]]
[[Category:Zoroastrianism in India]]
[[Category:Atash Behram fire temples]]

Palakollu Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:31:29Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding new data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Palakollu
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (57-Palakollu highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Palakollu Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| incumbent_image = Nimmala Ramanaidu.jpg
| mla = [[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 57
| established = 1951
| electors = 190,125
| type = SLA
}}

'''Palakollu Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[West Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=19, 30|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>
{{Pie chart|value1=43.75|value2=50|value3=6.25|label1=[[Indian National Congress|'''INC''' (7 Times)]]|label2=[[Telugu Desam Party|'''TDP '''(8 Times)]]|label3=[[Communist Party of India|'''CPI '''(1 Time)]]|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color2={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|color3={{party color|Communist Party of India}}|caption=Most Successful parties from Palakollu Assembly Constituency}}

Nimmala Rama Naidu is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 190,125 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|6}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==

The three mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Palakollu Mandal|Palakollu]]
|-
| [[Yelamanchili mandal|Yelamanchili]]
|-
| [[Poduru mandal|Poduru (Part)]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| rowspan=2 |Addepalli Satyanarayana Murthy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Polisetty Seshavataram
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Vardhineedi Satyanarayana
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=2 |Allu Venkata Satyanarayana
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Ch. Satyanarayana Murthy (Dr.Babjee)
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Bangaru Usha Rani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=3 |[[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu<ref name="Election Commission of India">{{cite news |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0157.htm |access-date=4 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]
|votes = 1,13,114
|percentage = 69.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Gudala Srihari Gopala Rao|votes=45,169 |percentage=27.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kolukuluri Arjun Rao|votes=1,945 |percentage=1.19|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=919 |percentage=0.56|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=67,945|percentage=41.62|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,63,213|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Nimmala Ramanaidu]]|votes=67,549|percentage=43.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Ch. Satyanarayana Murty |votes=49,740|percentage=31.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=Gunnam Nagababu|votes=32,984|percentage=21.09|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[Nota]]|votes=1,170|percentage=0.75|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=17,809|percentage=11.39|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=156,421|percentage=82.27|change=-1.05}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]|votes=51,523|percentage=36.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Meka Seshu Babu|votes=45,140|percentage=31.78|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Ch. Satyanarayana Murty |votes=38,420|percentage=27.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=733|percentage=0.52|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,383|percentage=4.49|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=142,034|percentage=83.32|change=-3.32}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Bangaru Usha Rani]]|votes=49,720|percentage=38.09|change=+2.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=[[Konidala Chiranjeevi]]|votes=44,274|percentage=33.92|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Ch. Satyanarayana Murty |votes=29,371|percentage=22.50|change=-25.23}}
{{Election box majority||votes=5,446|percentage=13.27|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=130,532|percentage=86.64|change=+11.48}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Praja Rajyam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Ch. Satyanarayana Murty (Dr.Babjee)|votes=46,077|percentage=47.73|change=-6.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Gunnam Nagababu|votes=34,076|percentage=35.50|change=-6.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Meka Seshu Babu|votes=13,991|percentage=14.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=kollabathula Eliya|votes=1,496|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Pyramid Party of India|candidate=Venkateswara Rao Meka|votes=902|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=12,001|percentage=12.43|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=96,542|percentage=75.16|change=+6.56}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]|votes=47,220|percentage=54.35|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mentay Padmanabham]]|votes=35,800|percentage=41.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)|candidate=Devalla Rama Rao|votes=1,933|percentage=2.22|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Thottempudi Prabhavathi|votes=1,362|percentage=1.57|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Adabala Sujana Devi|votes=310|percentage=0.36|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Penugonda Venkateswara|votes=122|percentage=0.14|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Sidagam Narasimha Murty (anthervedi)|votes=98|percentage=0.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Jagannadha Rao|votes=37|percentage=0.04|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=11,420|percentage=13.14|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=86,882|percentage=68.6|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]|votes=50,750|percentage=56.31|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah ]]|votes=36,350|percentage=40.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Estheruani Muvvala|votes=1745|percentage=1.9|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chennasreeramulu Boda|votes=899|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Kappala Subbaiah Paul|votes=130|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Anisetti Subbarayudu|votes=113|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Sidagam Narasimhamurty (ANTARVEDI)|votes=79|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Tammineedi Satyanarayanarao|votes=61|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,400|percentage=15.9|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=90,127|percentage=71.03|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah]]|votes=43,973|percentage=49.70|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]|votes=42,579|percentage=48.13|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Guru Prasad Rao Chintapalli|votes=1,921|percentage=2.17|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,394|percentage=1.5|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=90,548|percentage=74.32|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]|votes=47,044|percentage=62.8|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Vardhineedi Satyanaraana|votes=26,470|percentage=35.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Veeravalli Ramakrishna|votes=380|percentage=0.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Sanku Veeranna|votes=292|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Allu Peerala Swamu|votes=247|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Kunor Raja Gottukukala|votes=141|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Ghikkala Visweswara Rao|votes=136|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Kopalla Tata Rao|votes=108|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Chama Venkateswara Rao|votes=90|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=20,574|percentage=27.2|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=75685|percentage=72.5|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]|votes=45,082|percentage=66.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Vardhineedi Satyanarayana|votes=18,507|percentage=27.14|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Alluri Satyanarayana Raju|votes=3828|percentage=5.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Congress (J)|candidate=Nekkanti Visweswara Rao|votes=502|percentage=0.7|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Guttula Nageswara Rao|votes=269|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=26,575|percentage=38.5|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=69,034|percentage=71.80|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Independent politician
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress (I)|candidate=Vardhineedi Satyanarayana|votes=32,762|percentage=47.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Chodisetti Suryarao|votes=19,699|percentage=28.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Alluri Satyanarayana Raju|votes=16,639|percentage=23.9|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Gadiraju Bangaramma|votes=667|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=13,063|percentage=18.4|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=70855|percentage=76.1|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (I)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress (I)|candidate=Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah|votes=37,843|percentage=61.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Chodisetti Suryarao|votes=22,755|percentage=37|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samyukta Socialist Party|candidate=Kolukuluri Venkate|votes=908|percentage=1.48|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=15,088|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=61,506|percentage=76.74|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (I)
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Polisetty Seshavataram|votes=27,161|percentage=49.68|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=U.Surapa Raju|votes=19,905|percentage=36.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=V.R Jakkamsetti|votes=3,458|percentage=6.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Swatantra Party|candidate=K.V.Rao|votes=3,169|percentage=5.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=M.G.Raju|votes=977|percentage=1.79|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,256|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=54,670|percentage=76.16|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Addepalli Satyanarayana Murthy|votes=24,028|percentage=50.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Polisetty Seshavataram|votes=20,696|percentage=43.09|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Swatantra Party|candidate=Golla Krupanandam|votes=2,431|percentage=5.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Party|candidate=Jana Nageswararao|votes=315|percentage=0.63|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,332|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=48,018|percentage=73.89|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1955 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Addepalli Satyanarayana Murthy|votes=40,988|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=B.Lakshmi Narasaraju|votes=39,538|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,450|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Palakollu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Dasari Perumalla|votes=40,052|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=P.S.S Rao|votes=35,520|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=4,532|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|16.52|81.72|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Palakollu]]
[[Category:West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Sundar C

2026-04-12T15:21:13Z

Ayurtreatservices: stub!

{{Short description|Indian politician, actor and film director (born 1968)}}
{{Distinguish|Sundar C. Babu}}
{{Other uses|Sundar (disambiguation){{!}}Sundar}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sundar C
| image = Sundar C at Muthina Kathirikai Audio Launch (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sundar at ''[[Muthina Kathirika]]'' Audio Launch
| birth_name = Sundarvel Chidambaram
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|21 January 1968}}
| birth_place = [[Erode]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|Film director|Screenwriter|Playback singer|Film producer|Politican}}
| yearsactive = 1990–present
| awards = [[Kalaimamani#2009|Kalaimamani]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Khushbu Sundar]]|2000}}
| children = 2
| party = [[Puthiya Needhi Katchi]] {{small|(2026–present)}}
}}

'''Sundarvel Chidambaram''' (born 21 January 1968), known professionally as '''Sundar C''', is an Indian politician, actor, filmmaker, and playback singer who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]]. In 2026, Sundar C was announced as a candidate from the [[Madurai Central Assembly constituency]] in the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |date=28 March 2026 |title=Film producer-director Sundar C is NDA’s Madurai Central candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/film-producer-director-sundar-c-is-ndas-madurai-central-candidate/article70795572.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 March 2026 |title=Actor-director Sundar to enter politics, likely NDA candidate from Madurai Central|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/sundar-c-contest-2026-tamil-nadu-assembly-madurai-central-pnk-2888346-2026-03-28|work=India Today}}</ref>

He has directed over 37 films and received the [[Kalaimamani#2009|Kalaimamani]] award. He is one of the most popular and commercial filmmakers in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Manaswini |date=2025-01-13 |title=Shankar's Unreal Downfall: Rajamouli to Sundar C |url=https://www.m9.news/movienews/shankars-unreal-downfall-rajamouli-to-sundar-c/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=M9.news |language=en-US |archive-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126182803/https://www.m9.news/movienews/shankars-unreal-downfall-rajamouli-to-sundar-c/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

His notable films include ''[[Ullathai Allitha]]'' (1996), ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' (1997), ''[[Unnai Thedi]]'' (1999), ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' (2003), ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]'' (2003), ''[[Giri (film)|Giri]]'' (2004), ''[[Kalakalappu]]'' (2012), ''[[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru]]'' (2013), ''[[Aranmanai (film series)|Aranmanai Cinematic Universe]]'' (2014-2024) and ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' (2025).

Alongside his wife, he produced the television series ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandhini]]'' (2017-2018), ''[[Maya (2018 TV series)|Maya]]'' (2018) and ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]'' (2021). His film production credits include ''[[Hello Naan Pei Pesuren]]'' (2016), ''[[Meesaya Murukku]]'' (2017), ''[[Natpe Thunai]]'' (2019), ''[[Naan Sirithal]]'' (2020), ''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' (2020) and ''[[Pattampoochi (2022 film)|Pattampoochi]]'' (2022).

== Early life ==
Sundar was born on 21 January 1968 in Erode, [[Tamil Nadu]]. His parents are Chidambaram Pillai and Theivanai Ammal, both of whom are respected in the Tamil community. On his father's recommendation, he adopted the name "Sundar C" to better suit the film industry.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gurusamy |first=Pandeeswari |title=HBD Sundar C:'கவலையை மறக்கடிக்கும் கலையை கற்றவன்' கமர்சியல் காக்டைல் சுந்தர் சி! |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |date=21 January 2024 |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/happy-birth-day-sundar-c-learner-of-the-art-of-forgetting-anxiety-commercial-cocktail-sundar-c-131705751817213.html |language=ta |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508025828/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/happy-birth-day-sundar-c-learner-of-the-art-of-forgetting-anxiety-commercial-cocktail-sundar-c-131705751817213.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Sundar began his career as an assistant director to [[Manivannan]] and made his directorial debut with the film ''[[Murai Maman]]'' in 1995. Initially, he intended to cast a leading action hero Sarathkumar for the lead role, but due to the producer's inability to secure the actor, Jayaram was selected instead, capitalizing on his comedic prowess. The film was a success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z15UluasxU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/4z15UluasxU |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Sundar C - "Rajini said NO to that song!" - BOFTA Masterclass |date=18 September 2015 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Sundar then continued to focus on comedy films, directing ''[[Ullathai Allitha]]'' (1996), ''[[Mettukudi]]'' (1996) and ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' (1999), all starring [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]. In 1997, he directed the high-profile ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'', with [[Rajinikanth]]. The film won three [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 1998 |title=Awards Tamilnadu Government Cinema Awards For 1997 Announced: Best Film Award For "Arunachalam", "Surya Vamsam" |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/27-11-98/g_award.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101131515/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/27-11-98/g_award.htm |archive-date=1 January 2008 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref>

Sundar started the new millennium by directing the thriller ''[[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]'' (2000) and the action film ''[[Rishi (2001 film)|Rishi]]'' (2001). In 2003, he directed both ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' and ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]''. While ''Winner'' was commercially successful, ''Anbe Sivam''—despite being critically acclaimed—underperformed at the box office but later became a cult classic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/17/stories/2003011701310200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302031713/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/17/stories/2003011701310200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 March 2003 |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Anbe Sivam |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> He continued his directorial ventures with ''[[Chinna (2005 film)|Chinna]]'' (2005) and ''[[Rendu]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/chinna-tamil-movie-review-7541.html |title=Chinna review. Chinna Tamil movie review, story, rating |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412132354/https://www.indiaglitz.com/chinna-tamil-movie-review-7541.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequently, Sundar transitioned to acting, making his lead debut in the commercially successful ''[[Thalai Nagaram]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/02/stories/2007100255780200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029174041/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/02/stories/2007100255780200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2007 |title=Sundar C. is on a roll |date=2 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 May 2010 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/03/28/stories/2008032850010100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401021241/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/03/28/stories/2008032850010100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2008 |location=Chennai, India |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |title=Hat trick? |date=28 March 2008}}</ref> He continued to secure lead roles in hits like ''[[Veerappu]]'' (2007), directed by [[Badri (director)|Badri]], and ''[[Sandai]]'' (2008) by [[Sakthi Chidambaram]]. He received the [[Kalaimamani#2009|Kalaimamani]] award from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asin, Nayantara among winners |website=The New Indian Express |date=25 February 2009 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Feb/25/asin-nayantara-among-winners-28338.html |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629015011/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/feb/25/asin-nayantara-among-winners-28338.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He then made a directorial comeback with ''[[Nagaram Marupakkam]]'' in 2010.

In 2012, Sundar directed the comedy film ''[[Kalakalappu]]'', which was a commercial hit.<ref>{{cite web |title='Kalakalappu 2' sweeps box office with impressive earnings |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=27 February 2018 |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sundar-c-kalakalappu-2-jiiva-jai-shiva-nikki-galrani-catherine-tresa-box-office-report-tamil-news-207836 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508025840/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sundar-c-kalakalappu-2-jiiva-jai-shiva-nikki-galrani-catherine-tresa-box-office-report-tamil-news-207836 |url-status=live }}</ref> He followed it up with ''[[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru]]'' (2013), ''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014), ''[[Aranmanai 2]]'' (2016), and ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' (2018). He starred in the well-received horror thriller ''[[Iruttu]]'' (2019), directed by [[V. Z. Durai]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iruttu review: An engaging horror thriller |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/iruttu-review-an-engaging-horror-thriller-review-tamil-tmhjoWidfdbhf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207160038/https://www.sify.com/movies/iruttu-review-an-engaging-horror-thriller-review-tamil-tmhjoWidfdbhf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=13 October 2020 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> and also directed [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]]'s action film ''[[Action (2019 film)|Action]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2019 |title=Action (aka) Actionn review |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/action/action-review.html |access-date=13 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117150947/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/action/action-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His subsequent release as a director and actor, ''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' (2021), was successful at the box office despite being critically panned.<ref>{{Cite web |title=விமர்சனங்களை மீறி வசூலிக்கும் 'அரண்மனை 3' |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=100142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018071844/https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=100142 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2021 |access-date=19 October 2021 |website=Dinamalar |date=30 January 2017 |language=ta}}</ref> He later starred in ''[[Thalai Nagaram 2]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sundar C begins shooting for 'Thalainagaram 2'! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sundar-c-begins-shooting-for-thalainagaram-2-news-tamil-vjyfrrdihaffc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927180153/https://www.sify.com/movies/sundar-c-begins-shooting-for-thalainagaram-2-news-tamil-vjyfrrdihaffc.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Later, he directed and starred in ''[[Aranmanai 4]]'' (2024).

In 2018, Sundar C was named in the "Tamil Leaks" social media campaign by Telugu actress Sri Reddy, who alleged that he and an executive producer named Ganesh had demanded sexual favours in exchange for a lead role during the Hyderabad schedule of the film Aranmanai.<ref>https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2018/07/16/sri-reddy-accuses-tamil-director-sundar-c-demanding-sexual-favours.html</ref> Sundar C categorically denied these claims, stating he had never met the actress and dismissing the allegations as false and defamatory. He subsequently announced his intention to initiate legal proceedings and file a defamation case against her.<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-sundar-c-to-drag-sri-reddy-to-court-for-sexual-harassment-claims-1287789-2018-07-17</ref> Reddy later provided a clarification, noting that while she had been introduced to the director on set and found him polite, the pressure for "compromise" primarily came from the executive producer, and she remained uncertain if Sundar C was directly aware of those specific arrangements.<ref>https://indiaglitz.com/sri-reddy-sri-reddy-leaks-tamil-leaks-sundar-c-tamil-news-217637</ref>

== Personal life ==
In 2000, Sundar married actress [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]. After their marriage, she took his name as her surname and became known as Khushbu Sundar. They have two daughters, Avantika and Anandita, after whom they named their production house, [[Avni Cinemax]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/photostory/34322092.cms |title=Heroines who fell for their directors |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 August 2021 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106213011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/photostory/34322092.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=Actor-politician Khushbu Sundar silences trolls for 'discovering' she is Muslim – '47 yrs late'! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/khushbu-sundar-yes-i-am-khan-silences-trolls-calling-her-muslim-twitter-reactions-4967686/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042632/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/khushbu-sundar-yes-i-am-khan-silences-trolls-calling-her-muslim-twitter-reactions-4967686/ |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Political career ==
In 2026, Sundar C was announced as a candidate from the [[Madurai Central Assembly constituency]] in the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]. He is contesting on behalf of the [[Puthiya Needhi Katchi]] (PNK), a party founded by [[A. C. Shanmugam]], as part of the [[AIADMK-led Alliance]] in Tamil Nadu, which is aligned with the [[National Democratic Alliance]].<ref>{{cite news |date=28 March 2026 |title=Sundar C to contest in 2026 Tamil Nadu Assembly election |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/sundar-c-contest-2026-tamil-nadu-assembly-madurai-central-pnk-2888346-2026-03-28 |work=India Today}}</ref>

==Filmmaking style==
Sundar C is known for directing populist films intending to achieve mass appeal. Due to his back-to-back commercial success for more than 30 years, he is considered among the most popular "commercial" filmmakers in modern [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-19 |title=Actress Khushbu tells husband Sundar C: I knew you were destined to rule as king of commercial cinema! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/actress-khushbu-tells-husband-sundar-c-i-knew-you-were-destined-to-rule-as-king-of-commercial-cinema/articleshow/121267179.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529145130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/actress-khushbu-tells-husband-sundar-c-i-knew-you-were-destined-to-rule-as-king-of-commercial-cinema/articleshow/121267179.cms |archive-date=29 May 2025 |access-date=2025-06-11 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=2019-11-14 |title=Sundar C: 'My biggest achievement is surviving 24 years in Tamil cinema' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundar-c-my-biggest-achievement-is-surviving-24-years-in-tamil-cinema/article29972563.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803021238/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundar-c-my-biggest-achievement-is-surviving-24-years-in-tamil-cinema/article29972563.ece |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> Comedy is the genre Sundar is best known for directing frequently, and he has mentioned [[Madhan (writer)|Madhan]]'s cartoons, [[Crazy Mohan]] and [[S. Ve. Shekher]]'s plays as influences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=2024-04-29 |title=Good comedy is not always well appreciated: Director-actor Sundar C |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Apr/29/good-comedy-is-not-always-well-appreciated-director-actor-sundar-c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214124529/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Apr/29/good-comedy-is-not-always-well-appreciated-director-actor-sundar-c |archive-date=14 Feb 2026 |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Sundar claims to avoid vulgarity and pointless glamour in his films, which has drawn sceptism among viewers and critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=Sundar C on glamorous dance numbers: 'Only I get asked about such songs...even big heroes have at least two dance tracks in a film' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sundar-c-on-glamorous-dance-numbers-only-i-get-asked-about-such-songs-9297621/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113220625/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sundar-c-on-glamorous-dance-numbers-only-i-get-asked-about-such-songs-9297621/ |archive-date=13 January 2025 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2025 |title="No vulgarity in my films," Sundar C.'s bold claim sparks a meme fest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/no-vulgarity-in-my-films-sundar-c-s-bold-claim-sparks-a-meme-fest/articleshow/120544629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620074031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/no-vulgarity-in-my-films-sundar-c-s-bold-claim-sparks-a-meme-fest/articleshow/120544629.cms |archive-date=20 June 2025 |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Acknowledging that his films may not always be well received by critics, he contends he is not discouraged by such criticism; he believes critics might be ostracised from intellectual circles if they positively review his films, which are intended for general audiences seeking entertainment, rather than intellectuals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2024-04-30 |title=Sundar C on 'Aranmanai 4': 'Commercial filmmakers should be prepared for negative reviews' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundar-c-on-aranmanai-4-commerical-filmmakers-should-be-prepared-for-negative-reviews/article68123961.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613080021/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundar-c-on-aranmanai-4-commerical-filmmakers-should-be-prepared-for-negative-reviews/article68123961.ece |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Sundar C: ‘Critics don’t appreciate commercial movies because they might get cast out of intellectual circle’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sundar-c-critics-dont-appreciate-commercial-movies-because-they-might-get-cast-out-of-intellectual-circle-9298814/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430210331/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sundar-c-critics-dont-appreciate-commercial-movies-because-they-might-get-cast-out-of-intellectual-circle-9298814/ |archive-date=2024-04-30 |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> He has, however, expressed sadness that he does not get the appreciation he deserves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 17, 2025 |title=Director Sundar C expresses pain at Madha Gaja Raja's success meet: 'If a list of good directors is drawn, my name will not be there' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/director-sundar-c-expresses-pain-at-madha-gaja-raja-success-meet-if-a-list-of-good-directors-is-drawn-my-name-will-not-be-there/b54f7283cd833 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217150743/https://www.ottplay.com/news/director-sundar-c-expresses-pain-at-madha-gaja-raja-success-meet-if-a-list-of-good-directors-is-drawn-my-name-will-not-be-there/b54f7283cd833 |archive-date=17 February 2025 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{{pending films key}}
==== As actor ====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Sundar C film acting credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
|1990
|''[[Vaazhkai Chakkaram]]''
|Constable
| rowspan="4" | [[Cameo appearance|Cameo]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF3QvMtskdI |title=Vaazhkai Chakkaram (1990) - Sathyaraj, Gautami Tadimalla |date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Pyramid Music |place=India |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411053922/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF3QvMtskdI |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1993
|''[[Moondravadhu Kann]]''
|Studio assistant
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iH4KC9kxWA |title=Moonravathu Kann - Tamil thriller movie - Sarath Kuma, Monisha |date=25 November 2017 |publisher=Classic Movies |place=India |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401064509/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iH4KC9kxWA |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1995
|''[[Murai Maman]]''
|Villager
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="MM">{{cite web |url=http://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2456/murai-maman-tamil-movie-review |title=Murai Maman Tamil Movie - Critic Review |website=Moviecrow.com |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813054754/http://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2456/murai-maman-tamil-movie-review |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1997
|''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''
|Reporter
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Sundar C Cameo Appearance in Rajinikanth Arunachalam Movie |website=Behindwoods |date=26 October 2022 |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/sundar-c-cameo-appearance-in-rajinikanth-arunachalam-movie.html |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030011/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/sundar-c-cameo-appearance-in-rajinikanth-arunachalam-movie.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Thalai Nagaram]]''
|Subramaniam "Right"
|Lead debut
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thalainagaram-review-tamil-14208044.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930151958/http://www.sify.com/movies/thalainagaram-review-tamil-14208044.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2013 |title=Movie Review : Thalainagaram |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|''[[Veerappu]]''
|Pulippandi
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/veerappu-review.html |title=Veerappu Review |website=Behindwoods.com |date=26 November 2006 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417113330/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/veerappu-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2008
|''[[Sandai]]''
|Kathiresan "Kaththi"
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sssandai/20080324.htm |title=Review: Sandai is illogical |publisher=Rediff.com |date=24 March 2008 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923090809/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sssandai/20080324.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aayudham Seivom]]''
|Saidai Sathya
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/9772.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231105851/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/9772.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2007 |title=Aayudham Seivom Tamil Movie Review |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=30 June 2008 |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2009
|''[[Perumal (film)|Perumal]]''
|Perumal
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/perumal.html |title=Perumal Movie Review |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927114005/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/perumal.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thee (2009 film)|Thee]]''
|ACP Sarathy "Samy"
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review-thee-review-tamil-14863460.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003124356/http://www.sify.com/movies/review-thee-review-tamil-14863460.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 October 2013 |title=Movie Review : Review -Thee |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aiyantham Padai]]''
|Prabhakaran
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/aindham-padai-is-below-average/20090727.htm |title=Aindham Padai is below average |publisher=Rediff.com |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329220634/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/aindham-padai-is-below-average/20090727.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2010
|''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]''
|Eeti
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/05/14/stories/2010051450720200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518160031/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/05/14/stories/2010051450720200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2010 |title=Cinema Plus / Film Review : Viewer's woes – Guru Sishyan |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 May 2010 |access-date=23 September 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vaadaa|Vaada]]''
|Vetrivel
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/55851.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405030121/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/55851.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 April 2010 |title=What's special in 'Vaada'? |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=3 April 2010 |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nagaram Marupakkam]]''
|Selvam
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nagaram-review-tamil-pclxKyefgdabc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323224835/http://www.sify.com/movies/nagaram-review-tamil-pclxKyefgdabc.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2016 |title=Nagaram |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Murattu Kaalai (2012 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]''
|Kaalaiyan
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/murattu-kaalai-review-tamil-15001045.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003124359/http://www.sify.com/movies/murattu-kaalai-review-tamil-15001045.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 October 2013 |title=Movie Review : Murattu Kaalai |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2014
|''[[Ninaithathu Yaaro]]''
|Himself
|Cameo
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/ninaithathu-yaro-tamil-movie |title=Ninaithathu Yaro Movie Reviews, Stills & Wallpapers - Sulekha Movies |website=Movies.suleka.com |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=26 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426205008/http://movies.sulekha.com/ninaithathu-yaro-tamil-movie |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aranmanai]]''
|Lawyer Ravi
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aranmanai-review-scared-by-the-clichs/article6429517.ece |title=Aranmanai review: Scared by the clichés |author=sudhir srinivasan |work=The Hindu |date=20 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920113832/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aranmanai-review-scared-by-the-clichs/article6429517.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-

|rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Aranmanai 2]]''
|Ravi
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cineplex.com/Movie/aranmanai-2 |title=Aranmanai 2 |website=Cineplex.com |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813012039/https://www.cineplex.com/Movie/aranmanai-2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Muthina Kathirikai]]''
|Muthupandi
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/muthina-kathirikai-tamil-movie-review-20739 |title=Muthina Kathirikai review. Muthina Kathirikai Tamil movie review, story, rating |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813054206/http://www.indiaglitz.com/muthina-kathirikai-tamil-movie-review-20739 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Action (2019 film)|Action]]''
|Passer-by
|Cameo
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=16 November 2019 |title=Action review: This Vishal film is strictly for Action Lovers |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/161119/action-review-this-vishal-film-is-strictly-for-action-lovers.html |access-date=13 October 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082349/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/161119/action-review-this-vishal-film-is-strictly-for-action-lovers.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Iruttu]]''
|Inspector Chezhiyan
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iruttu (2019) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/iruttu-38501 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012214115/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/iruttu-38501 |url-status=live |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=13 October 2020 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Aranmanai 3]]''
|Ravi
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=18 January 2020 |title=Sundar C gets ready for Aranmanai 3 |url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2020/01/18/sundar-c-gets-ready-for-aranmanai-3/ |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=News Today {{!}} First with the news |language=en-US |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021111620/https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2020/01/18/sundar-c-gets-ready-for-aranmanai-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Pattampoochi (2022 film)|Pattampoochi]]''
|Inspector Kumaran
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Sundar C plays cop called Kumaran in crime thriller 'Pattam Poochi' |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/sundar-c-plays-cop-called-kumaran-in-crime-thriller-pattam-poochi/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |website=Mangalorean.com |language=en-US |archive-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420034128/https://www.mangalorean.com/sundar-c-plays-cop-called-kumaran-in-crime-thriller-pattam-poochi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Thalainagaram 2]]''
|Right
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thalainagaram 2 teaser: Sundar C is back as the deadly gangster, this time in a violent avatar |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/thalainagaram-2-teaser-sundar-c-is-back-as-the-deadly-gangster-this-time-in-a-violent-avatar/47e301ed62609 |access-date=16 April 2023 |website=ottplay.com |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416182013/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/thalainagaram-2-teaser-sundar-c-is-back-as-the-deadly-gangster-this-time-in-a-violent-avatar/47e301ed62609 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2024
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|Lawyer Saravanan
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2024 |title=Aranmanai 4 trailer: Sundar C, Tamannaah Bhatia and Raashii Khanna headline this spooky thriller about a ghost. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/aranmanai-4-trailer-sundar-c-tamannaah-bhatia-raashii-khanna-headline-this-spooky-thriller-about-a-ghost-watch-101711801138197.html |access-date=11 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331144344/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/aranmanai-4-trailer-sundar-c-tamannaah-bhatia-raashii-khanna-headline-this-spooky-thriller-about-a-ghost-watch-101711801138197.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2025
|''[[Vallan (film)|Vallan]]''
|Inspector Divakar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sundar C's next with VR Mani Seiyon titled 'Vallan' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sundar-cs-next-with-vr-mani-seiyon-titled-vallan/articleshow/90074301.cms |access-date=16 April 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310173628/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sundar-cs-next-with-vr-mani-seiyon-titled-vallan/articleshow/90074301.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gangers (film)|Gangers]]''
|Saravanan
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2025-03-03 |title=Sundar C's Gangers gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/03/sundar-cs-gangers-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310165104/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/03/sundar-cs-gangers-gets-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|{{pending film|italic=no|''One 2 One''}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|Filming
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anurag Kashyap returns to Tamil with Sundar C's One 2 One |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/apr/15/anurag-kashyap-returns-to-tamil-with-sundar-cs-one-2-one-30908.html |access-date=16 April 2023 |website=CinemaExpress |date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416181218/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/apr/15/anurag-kashyap-returns-to-tamil-with-sundar-cs-one-2-one-30908.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

|}

==== As director ====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Sundar C film directing and writing credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995
|''[[Murai Maman]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|''[[Murai Mappillai]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Murai Mappillai Full Cast & Crew |website=TV Guide |date=13 July 2022 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/murai-mappillai/cast/2000364275/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508025828/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/murai-mappillai/cast/2000364275/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |1996
|''[[Ullathai Allitha]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=S |first=Karthikeyan |title=கவுண்டமணி கூட்டணி மேஜிக் 'உள்ளத்தை அள்ளித்தா'! |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |date=15 January 2024 |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-karthiks-ullathai-allitha-movie-completes-27-years-of-its-release-on-january-15-131705282328551.html |language=ta |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508025855/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-karthiks-ullathai-allitha-movie-completes-27-years-of-its-release-on-january-15-131705282328551.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mettukudi]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Mettukudi Full Cast & Crew |website=TV Guide |date=13 July 2022 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/mettukudi/cast/2000361897/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030014/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/mettukudi/cast/2000361897/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |1997
|''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Arunachalam Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |website=The Times of India |date=10 April 1997 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/arunachalam/movieshow/61303710.cms |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415011000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/arunachalam/movieshow/61303710.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Janakiraman]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=நவநீதகிருஷ்ணன் |first=பா.ஸ்டாலின் |title=25 ஆண்டுகளை நிறைவு செய்யும் ‛ஜானகி ராமன்’... சுத்துப் போட்டு சிரிக்க வைத்த சுந்தர் சி! |website=Tamil News, Latest Tamil News, Breaking News, Today News in Tamil, Tamil Nadu News Today - தமிழ் செய்திகள்- ABP Nadu |date=31 October 2022 |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/janakiraman-released-on-october-31-1997-82049 |language=ta |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525130156/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/janakiraman-released-on-october-31-1997-82049 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1998
|''[[Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar (1998) |website=Letterboxd |date=13 January 1998 |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/naam-iruvar-namakku-iruvar/crew/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508025854/https://letterboxd.com/film/naam-iruvar-namakku-iruvar/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |1999
|''[[Unnai Thedi]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Unnai Thedi (1999) |website=Letterboxd |date=5 February 1999 |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/unnai-thedi/crew/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030448/https://letterboxd.com/film/unnai-thedi/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Suyamvaram]]''
|Directed by 14 directors
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=9 July 1999 |title=Film Reviews: Hote Hote Pyar Ho Gaya/Swayamvaram |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/07/09/stories/09090225.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010604211226/http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/07/09/stories/09090225.htm |archive-date=4 June 2001}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga (1999) |website=Letterboxd |date=24 September 1999 |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/unakkaga-ellam-unakkaga/crew/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030451/https://letterboxd.com/film/unakkaga-ellam-unakkaga/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2000
|''[[Azhagarsamy]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=T. Krithika |date=24 December 1999 |title=Film Reviews: Paattali \ Azhagar Sami |url=http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/12/24/stories/09240222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010605003345/http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/12/24/stories/09240222.htm |archive-date=5 June 2001 |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=2 June 2000 |title=Film Review: Kannan Varuvaan |url=http://hindu.com/2000/06/02/stories/09020224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125070035/http://hindu.com/2000/06/02/stories/09020224.htm |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Unnai Kann Theduthey (2000) |website=Letterboxd |date=1 September 2000 |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/unnai-kann-theduthey/crew/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030452/https://letterboxd.com/film/unnai-kann-theduthey/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2001
|''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=15 February 2001 |title=Film Review: Ullam Kollai Pogudhae |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-ullam-kollai-pogudhae/article27916962.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230907075657/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-ullam-kollai-pogudhae/article27916962.ece |archive-date=7 September 2023 |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rishi (2001 film)|Rishi]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishi |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=6007884&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050115130615/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=6007884&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=15 January 2005 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Azhagana Naatkal]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=23 December 2001 |title=அழகான நாட்கள் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-23/page/n97/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230723155630/https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-23/page/n97/mode/2up |archive-date=23 July 2023 |access-date=23 July 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=96 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2003
|''[[Anbe Sivam]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=22 January 2003 |title=New maths for the box office |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/01/22/stories/2003012200790200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331154622/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/01/22/stories/2003012200790200.htm |archive-date=31 March 2016 |access-date=28 March 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Winner (2003) |website=Letterboxd |date=27 September 2003 |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/winner/crew/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030459/https://letterboxd.com/film/winner/crew/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2004
|''[[Giri (film)|Giri]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/features/Reviews/reviews2/giri_rev.html |title="Giri" – Review |work=Behindwoods |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219200556/https://www.behindwoods.com/features/Reviews/reviews2/giri_rev.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2005
|''[[London (2005 Indian film)|London]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031801860200.htm |title=The Hindu : Entertainment Chennai / Film Review : "London" |date=4 May 2005 |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050504130714/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031801860200.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thaka Thimi Tha]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite magazine |date=17 April 2005 |title=தகதிமிதா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-04-17/page/32/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240419123946/https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-04-17/page/32/mode/2up |archive-date=19 April 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=33 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chinna (2005 film)|Chinna]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=22 July 2005 |title=A long winding narration |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/07/22/stories/2005072200510200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120092427/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/07/22/stories/2005072200510200.htm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Rendu]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Reviews/reviews1/rendu/rendu-review.html |title='Rendu' review – A glamour feast with Comedy |website=behindwoods.com |access-date=21 February 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192808/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Reviews/reviews1/rendu/rendu-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''[[Nagaram Marupakkam]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/nagaram-movie-review.html |title=NAGARAM MOVIE REVIEW - TAMIL MOVIE NAGARAM MOVIE REVIEW |website=behindwoods.com |access-date=17 March 2016 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314050548/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/nagaram-movie-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Kalakalappu]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=12 May 2012 |title=Kalakalappu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Kalakalappu/movie-review/13106085.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114231404/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Kalakalappu/movie-review/13106085.cms |archive-date=14 November 2013 |access-date=14 May 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru]]''
|Partially reshot in Telugu as ''Something Something''
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru box office collection |website=Kollywood |date=15 July 2013 |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/theeya-velai-seiyyanum-kumaru/theeya-velai-seiyyanum-kumaru-box-office-jul-21.html |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120054532/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/theeya-velai-seiyyanum-kumaru/theeya-velai-seiyyanum-kumaru-box-office-jul-21.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Aranmanai]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web | last=Suganth | first=M | title=Aranmanai Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Aranmanai by Times of India | website=The Times of India | date=19 September 2014 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aranmanai/movie-review/42926530.cms | access-date=8 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''[[Aambala]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aambala-is-an-average-potboiler/20150115.htm |title=Average Potboiler |work=Rediff |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116113859/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aambala-is-an-average-potboiler/20150115.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Aranmanai 2]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/feb/09/aranmanai-2-made-more-money-than-the-original-sundar-c-1770944.html |title=Aranmanai 2 made more money than the original: Sundar C |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108154014/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/feb/09/aranmanai-2-made-more-money-than-the-original-sundar-c-1770944.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Kalakalappu 2]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2018 |title=Kalakalappu 2 strikes gold at the box-office, grosses around Rs 10 crore in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kalakalappu-2-strikes-gold-at-the-box-office-grosses-around-rs-10-crore-in-tamil-nadu/story-LQFlwC7KL68BMx310qsZdK.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219041658/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kalakalappu-2-strikes-gold-at-the-box-office-grosses-around-rs-10-crore-in-tamil-nadu/story-LQFlwC7KL68BMx310qsZdK.html |archive-date=19 February 2018 |access-date=16 May 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=STR-starrer Vandha Rajavathan Varuven earns Rs 8 cr in Tamil Nadu; F2 makes Rs 75 cr worldwide |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/str-starrer-vandha-rajavathan-varuven-earns-rs-8-cr-in-tamil-nadu-f2-makes-rs-75-cr-worldwide-6035431.html |author=Surendhar MK |date=6 February 2019 |work=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=9 March 2019 |archive-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319160345/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/str-starrer-vandha-rajavathan-varuven-earns-rs-8-cr-in-tamil-nadu-f2-makes-rs-75-cr-worldwide-6035431.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Action (2019 film)|Action]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/action-movie-review-this-vishal-outing-promises-much-but-lacks-spine-or-sense/article29983957.ece |title=Action movie review: This Vishal outing promises much, but lacks spine or sense |website=The Hindu |date=15 November 2019 |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716023425/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/action-movie-review-this-vishal-outing-promises-much-but-lacks-spine-or-sense/article29983957.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Aranmanai 3]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=Aranmanai 3 collects over Rs 15 crore in just 4 days despite mixed reviews |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aranmanai-3-collects-over-rs-15-crore-in-just-4-days-despite-mixed-reviews-4344296.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107234343/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aranmanai-3-collects-over-rs-15-crore-in-just-4-days-despite-mixed-reviews-4344296.html |archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Coffee with Kadhal]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/coffee-with-kadhal-trailer-jiiva-jai-and-srikanth-in-sundar-cs-twisted-rom-com-story/article65938284.ece |title='Coffee With Kadhal' trailer: Jiiva, Jai, and Srikanth in Sundar C's twisted rom-com story |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 September 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001094301/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/coffee-with-kadhal-trailer-jiiva-jai-and-srikanth-in-sundar-cs-twisted-rom-com-story/article65938284.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" |2024
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|Partially reshot in Telugu as ''Baak''
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Kumar">{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |title='Aranmanai 4' movie review: An in-form Sundar C finds the sweet spot between humour and horror |website=The New Indian Express |date=4 May 2024 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/May/04/aranmanai-4-movie-review-an-in-form-sundar-c-finds-the-sweet-spot-between-humour-and-horror-2 |access-date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504193048/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/May/04/aranmanai-4-movie-review-an-in-form-sundar-c-finds-the-sweet-spot-between-humour-and-horror-2 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025||''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' ||Delayed release, Filmed in 2012
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/03/vishal-sundar-cs-madha-gaja-raja-finally-gets-a-release-date|title=Vishal-Sundar C's Madha Gaja Raja finally gets a release date|first=Akshay|last=Kumar|date=3 January 2025|website=Cinema Express|access-date=3 January 2025|archive-date=3 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103073222/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/03/vishal-sundar-cs-madha-gaja-raja-finally-gets-a-release-date|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gangers (film)|Gangers]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2025-03-03 |title=Sundar C's Gangers gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/03/sundar-cs-gangers-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310165104/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/03/sundar-cs-gangers-gets-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|{{Pending film|italic=no|''[[Mookuthi Amman 2]]''}}
|Filming
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-04 |title=Nayanthara and Sundar C to Kick-Start 'Mookuthi Amman 2' on March 6 with a pooja ceremony |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayanthara-and-sundar-c-to-kick-start-mookuthi-amman-2-on-march-6-with-a-pooja-ceremony/articleshow/118716235.cms |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306135926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayanthara-and-sundar-c-to-kick-start-mookuthi-amman-2-on-march-6-with-a-pooja-ceremony/articleshow/118716235.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|italic=no|''Purushan''}}
|Filming
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Purushan’: Vishal, Sundar C, Hiphop Tamizha reunite for their next; title teaser out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/purushan-vishal-sundar-c-hiphop-tamizha-reunite-for-their-next-title-teaser-out/article70533711.ece |access-date=2026-01-21 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=22 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122053032/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/purushan-vishal-sundar-c-hiphop-tamizha-reunite-for-their-next-title-teaser-out/article70533711.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== As singer ====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Sundar C film singing credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
|2008
|''[[Sandai]]''
|"Vaadee En Kappakezhungu"
|[[Dhina]]
|Debut
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJ_1cipZ84c |title=Vaadi En Kappakizhange Video Song - Sandai Movie Songs - Sundar C, Nadiya, Namitha |date=25 January 2022 |publisher=Pyramid Music |place=India |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030641/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJ_1cipZ84c |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]''
|"Subaiya Subaiya"
|Dhina
|Sung with [[Sathyaraj]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTDYrucbI68 |title=Subaiya Subaiya |date=19 June 2012 |publisher=Sa Re Ga Ma |place=India |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030542/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTDYrucbI68 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== As producer ====
{{Main article|Avni Cinemax}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Sundar C film producer credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
|2016
|''[[Aranmanai 2]]''
|Sundar C
| Co-producer
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Purkayastha |first=Debasree |title=Aranmanai-2 : More navel than novel |website=The Hindu |date=30 January 2016 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Aranmanai-2-More-navel-than-novel/article14028623.ece |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012023835/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Aranmanai-2-More-navel-than-novel/article14028623.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Hello Naan Pei Pesuren]]''
|S. Bhaskar
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |title=Hello Naan Pei Pesuren movie review: Bhaskar's sole intention is to make us laugh |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=2 April 2016 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020416/hello-naan-pei-pesuren-movie-review-bhaskar-s-sole-intention-is-to-make-us-laugh.html |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616095234/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020416/hello-naan-pei-pesuren-movie-review-bhaskar-s-sole-intention-is-to-make-us-laugh.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Meesaya Murukku]]''
|Hiphop Tamizha
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |title=Meesaya Murukku is sort of Aadhi's biography: Sundar C |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=13 July 2017 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/130717/meesaya-murukku-is-sort-of-aadhis-biography-sundar-c.html |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007122452/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/130717/meesaya-murukku-is-sort-of-aadhis-biography-sundar-c.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Natpe Thunai]]''
|Desingu Parthiban
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Chakraborthy |first=Antara |title=Natpe Thunai teaser: HipHop Aadhi's new film looks like a lot of fun |website=The Indian Express |date=4 November 2018 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/natpe-thunai-teaser-aadhi-5433583/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105140541/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/natpe-thunai-teaser-aadhi-5433583/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Naan Sirithal]]''
|Raana
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=The trailer of Hiphop Aadhi's 'Naan Sirithal' to be out on January 4 |website=The Times of India |date=1 January 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-trailer-of-hiphop-aadhis-naan-sirithal-to-be-out-on-january-4/articleshow/73058029.cms |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=5 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105122143/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-trailer-of-hiphop-aadhis-naan-sirithal-to-be-out-on-january-4/articleshow/73058029.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]''
|Badri
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=First look of Sundar C's 'Naanga Romba Busy' is out! |website=The Times of India |date=30 October 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-sundar-cs-naanga-romba-busy-is-out/articleshow/78946461.cms |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509005817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-sundar-cs-naanga-romba-busy-is-out/articleshow/78946461.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Aranmanai 3]]''
|Sundar C
|Co-producer
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title='Aranmanai 3' marches towards a hit score at the box office despite mixed reviews |website=The Times of India |date=20 October 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmanai-3-marches-towards-a-hit-score-at-the-box-office-despite-mixed-reviews/articleshow/87152396.cms |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023043544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmanai-3-marches-towards-a-hit-score-at-the-box-office-despite-mixed-reviews/articleshow/87152396.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Pattampoochi (2022 film)|Pattampoochi]]''
|Badri
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |title=Pattampoochi movie review: A silly psycho-thriller that banks majorly on shock value |website=The Hindu |date=24 June 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/pattampoochi-movie-review-a-silly-psycho-thriller-that-banks-majorly-on-shock-value/article65561406.ece |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418162313/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/pattampoochi-movie-review-a-silly-psycho-thriller-that-banks-majorly-on-shock-value/article65561406.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|Sundar C
|Co-producer
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Kumar"/>
|-
|2025
|''[[Gangers (film)|Gangers]]''
|Sundar C
|Co-producer
|
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|italic=no|''[[Mookuthi Amman 2]]''}}
|Sundar C
|Co-producer
|
|}

== Television ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sundar C television credits
|-
!rowspan="2" style="width:35px;" |Year
!rowspan="2" |Serial
! colspan="2" |Credited as
! rowspan="2" |Network
! rowspan="2" |Language
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
! class="unsortable" |Writer
!Producer
|-
|2017–2018
|''[[Nandhini (TV series)|Nandhini]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] Udaya TV
|Tamil Kannada
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Sebastian |first=Shilpa |title=Star shines on the tube |website=The Hindu |date=31 July 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/star-shines-on-the-tube/article19395585.ece |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524192556/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/star-shines-on-the-tube/article19395585.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Maya (Sun Network TV series)|Maya]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
|Sun TV
|Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/maya-is-my-breakthrough-in-this-industry-times-fresh-face-winner-madhan/articleshow/66242768.cms |title=Maya is my breakthrough in this industry: Times Fresh Face winner Madhan |access-date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507031043/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/maya-is-my-breakthrough-in-this-industry-times-fresh-face-winner-madhan/articleshow/66242768.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2018 –2020
|''[[Lakshmi Stores]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
| style="text-align:center;" |{{n}}
|Sun TV Gemini TV
|Tamil Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/tamil/tv-serials/lakshmi-stores |title=Tamil Tv Serial Lakshmi Stores |access-date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=5 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505203952/https://nettv4u.com/about/tamil/tv-serials/lakshmi-stores |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
| style="text-align:center;" |{{y}}
|Sun TV
|Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/sun-tv-serial-update-tamil-news-sun-tv-lunches-new-serial-jothi-306361/ |title=லாக் டவுனை சமாளிக்க இதுதான் வழி: சன் டிவி களமிறக்கும் ஜோதி சீரியல்! |access-date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106103554/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/sun-tv-serial-update-tamil-news-sun-tv-lunches-new-serial-jothi-306361/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director]]
|''[[Ullathai Allitha]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=CE |first=Team |title=Revisiting Ullathai Allithaa: A nostalgic look-back at Karthik and Goundamani's cult-comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Feb/01/revisiting-ullathai-allithaa-a-nostalgic-look-back-at-karthik-and-goundamanis-cult-comedy-877.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308101327/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Feb/01/revisiting-ullathai-allithaa-a-nostalgic-look-back-at-karthik-and-goundamanis-cult-comedy-877.html |archive-date=2024-03-08 |access-date=2025-06-08 |work=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
|1997
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards|Tami Nadu State Film Awards]]
|Best Film
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2009
|[[Kalaimamani Award]]
|{{NA}}
|{{NA}}
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-02-24 |title=70 artists get Kalaimamani awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/70-artists-get-Kalaimamani-awards/article16341115.ece |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105042847/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/70-artists-get-Kalaimamani-awards/article16341115.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2015
|[[9th Vijay Awards]]
|Favourite Director
|''[[Aranmanai]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |title=9th Vijay Awards 2015: Complete Winners' List & Photos |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-2015-winners-list-photos-live-updates-630385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506045445/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-2015-winners-list-photos-live-updates-630385 |archive-date=2015-05-06 |access-date=2025-06-08 |work=International Business Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|[[Edison Awards (India)|17th Edison Awards Tamil]]
|Best Entertainer Of The Year
| rowspan="2" |''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Kollywood stars set to light up Penang for the 17th Edison Awards and Film Festival {{!}} Buletin Mutiara |url=https://www.buletinmutiara.com/kollywood-stars-set-to-light-up-penang-for-the-17th-edison-awards-and-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=www.buletinmutiara.com/ |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322060915/https://www.buletinmutiara.com/kollywood-stars-set-to-light-up-penang-for-the-17th-edison-awards-and-film-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|Best Entertaining Film
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=vigneshpv94 |date=2025-06-11 |title=Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2025 Winners List |url=https://www.thenewsmedium.com/awards/vikatan-cinema-awards-2025-winners-list/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=The News Medium |language=en-US |archive-date=13 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813032134/https://www.thenewsmedium.com/awards/vikatan-cinema-awards-2025-winners-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{IMDb name|1326535|Sundar C.}}

{{Sundar C}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundar C}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Erode district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Tamil television producers]]
[[Category:Tamil television writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil politicians]]

[[Category:1968 births]]

Kunwar Narayan

2026-03-29T13:37:18Z

Ayurtreatservices: brief cleaned up intro to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2011}}

{{Infobox writer 
|name = Kunwar Narayan
|image =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|9|19}}
|birth_place = [[Faizabad]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2017|11|15|1927|9|19}}
|death_place =[[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|occupation = [[Poet]]
|nationality = [[India]]n
|awards =Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi (1995)
[[Jnanpith Award]] in 2005
}}
'''Kunwar Narayan''' (19 September 1927 – 15 November 2017)<ref name=reuters/> was a [[poet]] in [[Indian literature]] in [[Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/kunwar-narain-and-the-world-in-his-poetry-237567 | title=Kunwar Narain and the world in his poetry }}</ref><ref name=reuters>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121003112501/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/10/07/idINIndia-42972720091007 Reuters] Hindi poet Kunwar Narayan wins Jnanpith award, 7 October 2009, Miral Fahmy, retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref> He read and traveled widely and wrote for six decades. He was linked to the [[New Poetry]] movement.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/latest/857997/hindi-poet-kunwar-narayan-a-padma-bhushan-and-jnanpith-award-winner-dies-at-90 | title=Hindi poet Kunwar Narain, a Padma Bhushan and Jnanpith Award winner, dies at 90 | date=15 November 2017 }}</ref> He obtained a Master of Arts in English literature from the [[University of Lucknow]] in 1951. <ref name="English department Lucknow University alumni">{{cite web | title=English department Lucknow University alumni| url=https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/History?dept=6 |publisher=University of Lucknow |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref>

==Death==
He died on 15 November 2017 at the age of 90.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/kunwar-narayan-1927-2017-among-the-last-of-the-doyens-in-hindi-literature-4939392/lite/ Kunwar Narayan (1927-2017): Among the last of the doyens in Hindi literature]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/article/1017244/witnesses-of-remembrance-kunwar-narains-poetry-preserves-the-words-and-sentiments-he-cared-for | title='Witnesses of Remembrance': Kunwar Narain's poetry preserves the words and sentiments he cared for | date=13 February 2022 }}</ref>

==Works==

===Poetry===
* ''Chakravyūh'' (Circular Siege), 1956.<ref name=reuters/> Radhakrishan, Delhi (first published by [[Rajkamal Prakashan]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/poet-of-human-destiny/article21234000.ece | title=Poet of human destiny | newspaper=The Hindu | date=30 November 2017 | last1=Kumar | first1=Kuldeep }}</ref>
* ''Tīsrā Saptak'' (Third Heptad), seven poets, ed. Agyeya, 1959. Bharatiya Jnanpith, Delhi.
* P: Hum-Tum (Surroundings: Us-You), 1961. Vani Prakashan, Delhi (first published by Bharti Bhandar, Allahabad).
* ''Apné Sāmné'' (In Front of Us), 1979. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi.
* ''Koī Dūsrā Nahīn'' (No One the Other), 1993. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi.
* ''In Dino'' (These Days), 2002. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi.
* ''Vājaśravā ke bahāne'', 2008
* ''Hāśiye kā gavāh'', 2009

===Epic poems===
* ''Ātmajayī'' (Self-Conqueror), based on the Upanishadic episode of Nachikétā in Kathopnishad, 1965. Bharatiya Jnanpith, Delhi.
* ''Vājashravā Ké Bahāné'' (On Vajashrava's Pretext), independent poems linked to Ātmajayī's context, 2008. Bharatiya Jnanpith.

===Fiction===
* Ākāron Ké Ās-Pās (Near-about Shapes), a collection of short stories, 1973. Radhakrishan Prakashan, Delhi.

===Criticism===
* ''Āj Aur Āj Sé Pahlé'' (Today and Before Today), 1998. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi.
* ''Méré Sākshātkār'' (My Interviews), interviews given by Kunwar Narain, ed. Vinod Bhardwaj, 1999. Kitabghar Prakashan, Delhi.
* ''Sāhitya Ké Kuchh Antar-Vishayak Sandarbh'' (Some Interdisciplinary Contexts of Literature), XIV Samvatsar Lecture, 2003. Sahitya Akademi.

===Translations===
* ''Selected poems of and essay on Constantine Cavafy'', 'Tanāv', 1986 and Jorge-Luis Borges, 'Tanāv', 1987.
* ''Selected poems of Stéphane Mallarmé'', Tadeusz Różewicz, Derek Walcott, Zbigniew Herbert, Anna Świrszczyńska, etc.

===Compilations===
* ''Kunwar Nārāin: Sansār-I'' (World: Select writings of Kunwar Narain), ed. Yatindra Mishra, 2002. Vani Prakashan, Delhi.
*''Kunwar Nārāin: Upasthiti-II'' (Presence: Select articles on Kunwar Narain and his writings), ed. Y Mishra, 2002. Vani Prakashan.
*''Kunwar Nārāin: Chunī Huī Kavitāyein'' (Selected Poems), ed. Suresh Salil, 2007. Medha Books, Delhi.
*''Kunwar Nārāin: Pratinidhī Kavitāyein'' (Representative Poems), ed. Purshottam Agarwal, 2008. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi.

==Awards and recognition==
* [[Vyas Samman]] (1995)
*[[Jnanpith Award]] (considered as the highest literary award in India), for overall contribution in Hindi literature, 2005<ref name=reuters/><ref>{{cite web|title=JNANPITH LAUREATES |url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007|work=Bharatyia Jnanpith|access-date=11 November 2010}}</ref>
*[[Padma Bhushan]] the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India for 'Literature & Education', 2009<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

==Foreign translations==
{{unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
*''Modern Hindi Poetry: An Anthology'', ed. Vidya N. Misra, 1965, Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington & London. (English translation by Leonard Nathan & H M Guy)
*''Tokyo University Journal'', No. 7, December 1972, Hindi Dept., Tokyo Univ. of Foreign Studies, Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo (Japanese translation by Toshio Tanaka)
*''Der Ochsenkarren, Hindilyrik der siebziger und achtziger Jahre'', Zusammengestellt von Vishnu Khare & Lothar Lutze, Verlag Wolf Mersch, 1983 (German transl.)
*''Kunvar Narayan, Naciketa, A cura di Mariola Offredi'', Plural Edizioni, Napoli. Collezione di Poesia I Cristalli, 1989, (Italian translation of Atmajayee)
*''The Golden Waist Chain: Modern Hindi Short Stories'', ed. Sara Rai, 1990, Penguin. (English translation by Sara Rai)
*''TriQuarterly 77'', Winter 1989/90, ed. Reginald Gibbons, 1990, Northwestern University, US (English translation by Vinay Dharwadker)
*''Periplus: Poetry in Translation'', eds. Daniel Weissbort & Arvind K. Mehrotra, 1993, Oxford Univ. Press. (English translations by Daniel Weissbort & the poet)
*''The Penguin New Writing in India'', eds. Aditya Behl & David Nicholls, 1994, Penguin India, First published by Chicago Review (Vol. 38, Nos1 & 2), 1992
*''Survival'', eds. Daniel Weissbort & Girdhar Rathi. Sahitya Akademi, India, 1994 (English translations by Daniel Weissbort & the poet)
*''The Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry'', eds. Vinay Dharwadker & A.K. Ramanujan, 1994, Oxford University Press (English translations)
*''Yatra 2: Writings from The Indian Subcontinent'', General Ed.: Alok Bhalla, Eds. Nirmal Verma & U R Ananthamurthy, 1994, Indus (English trans., Alok Bhalla)
*''Living Literature: A Trilingual Documentation of Indo-German Literary Exchange'', eds. Barbara Lotz and Vishnu Khare (German translations)
*''Gestures: Poetry from SAARC Countries'', Edited by K. Satchidanandan, 1996 (Reprint 2001), Sahitya Akademi, India (English)
*''An Anthology of Modern Hindi Poetry'', ed. Kailash Vajpeyi, 1998, Rupa & Co., India (English translations)
*''Dilli Mein Kavita'', ed. Kailash Vajpeyi, translated into Russian by Varyam Singh, 1999, Sahitya Kala Parishad, Delhi (Russian translations)
*''Poeti Hindi: Antologia del Novecento, A cura di Mariola Offredi'', Casta Diva, Roma. 2000. Poesia, Collana diretta da Enrico D’Angelo (Italian translations)
*''Kunvar Narayan, Nessuno è altro, A cura di Roberta Sequi'', Casta Diva, Roma. 2001. (Italian translation of Koee Doosra Nahin)
*''Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry'', eds. [[Ashok Vajpeyi]] & Ajeet Cour, 2002, Academy of Fine Arts and Literature & Rainbow Publishers.
*''Ze współczesnej poezji Hindi, Przegląd Orientalistyczny'', vol. 202-203, no. 3-4, Warszawa, 2002, translated by Danuta Stasik. (Polish translations)
*''Hindi: Handpicked Fictions'', Edited and translated by Sara Rai, 2003, Katha, Delhi. (English translations)
*''New Poetry in Hindi'' (Nayi Kavita): An anthology edited, translated and introduced by Lucy Rosenstein, 2003, Permanent Black, Delhi. (English translations)
*''Cracow Indological Studies Vol. 6'', ed. Renata Czekalska, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków, 2005. (Polish translations, Renata Czekalska & Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś)
*''Kunwar Narain, Varco di ombre, a cura di Tullia Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal'', edizione Mura, 2006 (Italian translation of selected poems)
*''Ik zag de stad, Moderne Hindi-poëzie, Vertaald en ingeleid door Lodewijk Brunt & Dick Plukker'', Stichting India Instituut, Amsterdam, 2006 (Dutch translation)
*''Teaching on India in Central and Eastern Europe'', eds. Danuta Stasik & Anna Trynkowska, Warsaw, 2007 (Polish translations by Danuta Stasik)
*''Kunwar Narain, Przez Słowa, Antologia pod redakcją Renaty Czekalskiej i Agnieszki Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, Księgarnia Akademicka'', Kraków, 2007 (Polish translation)
*Kunwar Narain. ''No Other World: Selected Poems'', translated by Apurva Narain, Rupa & Co., India, 2008. (English translation)
*Kunwar Narajan. ''Wiersze'', w przekładzie Danuty Stasik, DIALOG, Warszawa 2013 (Polish translation)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narayan, Kunwar}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]

Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority

2026-03-29T06:58:13Z

Ayurtreatservices:

{{Short description|Development authority in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| picture =
| picture_width =
| formed = 2014
| preceding1 = [[VGTM Urban Development Authority|VGTMUDA]]
| preceding2 = [[AMRDA]]
| superseding = APCRDA
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| headquarters = [[Amaravati]]
| coordinates = {{coord|16|30|50|N|80|37|31|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline}}
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]
| minister2_name = [[Ponguru Narayana]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister of Municipal Administration & Urban Development
| chief1_name = V. Vijay Rama Raju, I.A.S.
| chief1_position = [[Commissioner]]
| agency_type = Urban Planning Agency
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = https://crda.ap.gov.in/
| footnotes =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
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| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
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| parent_department =
}}

The '''Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority''' ('''APCRDA''') is an urban planning agency of the [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]], in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. The APCRDA was established under the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act, 2014 (dissolved in 2020 and reestablished in 2021). The authority has a jurisdictional area of 8,352.69 km2 (3,224.99 sq mi), covering the districts of [[Guntur District|Guntur]], [[Eluru District|Eluru]], [[NTR District|NTR]], [[Krishna District|Krishna]], [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]], and [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]].

The CRDA approved land pooling of an additional 20,494 acres from four villages in Amaravati mandal and three villages in Thullur mandal for the development of Amaravati.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-05 |title=Andhra CRDA approves pooling 20,494 additional acres in Amaravati capital region. second pooling Phase II is assumes to be starting from DEC 2025 with 16000 acres |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/andhra-crda-approves-pooling-20494-additional-acres-in-amaravati-capital-region/articleshow/122268439.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-08-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== History ==
The APCRDA was formerly known as AMDA and the former was [[VGTM Urban Development Authority]] (VGTM UDA), which was formed in 1978 with an area of {{Convert|1954|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to VGTM UDA|url=http://vgtmuda.gov.in/|website=VGTM Urban Development Authority|access-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516204944/http://vgtmuda.gov.in/|archive-date=16 May 2014 }}</ref> In 2012, it was expanded to {{Convert|7063|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sandeep Kumar|first1=S.|title=VGTM master plan hits roadblock |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vgtm-master-plan-hits-roadblock-in-vijayawada/article6450654.ece|access-date=14 January 2019|work=The Hindu|date=27 September 2014 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref> Post bifurcation of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it was defunct and was renamed as APCRDA.<ref name="area"/> The head office of the authority is located at Lenin Centre in Vijayawada.<ref>{{cite news |title=APCRDA to conduct awareness sessions on HappyNest booking |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/dec/06/apcrda-to-conduct-awareness-sessions-on-happynest-booking-1907997.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 December 2018 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref> It also has three sub-registrar offices at [[Thullur]], [[Ananthavaram, Thullur mandal|Ananthavaram]], and [[Mandadam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDA/Userinterface/HTML/APCRDAOfficesAddress.htm|title=Offices Address|website=crda.ap.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref> The authority has a jurisdictional area of {{convert|8352.69|km2|mi2|abbr=on}},<ref name="apcrda2">{{cite web |title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region – Amendment |url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14182015MAUD_MS207.PDF |website=Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority |publisher=[[Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Andhra Pradesh]] |access-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506120914/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14182015MAUD_MS207.PDF |archive-date=6 May 2019 |page=8 |url-status=live |date=22 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> covering the districts of [[Guntur district|Guntur]] and [[Krishna district|Krishna]],<ref name="area">{{cite news|last1=Subba Rao|first1=GVR|title=Capital region expands as CRDA redraws boundaries|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/capital-region-expands-as-crda-redraws-boundaries/article7680051.ece|access-date=23 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=23 September 2015|location=Vijayawada}}</ref> including {{convert|217|sqkm|abbr=on}} of the state capital, [[Amaravati]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Declaration of A.P. Capital City Area |url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14142015MAUD_MS141.PDF |website=Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority |publisher=[[Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Andhra Pradesh]] |access-date=10 June 2019 |page=3 |date=9 June 2015 |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074341/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14142015MAUD_MS141.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== AMRDA ===
In August 2020, the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly]] passed the [[Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020|Andhra Pradesh decentralisation and inclusive development of all regions act]]. It provided for limiting [[Amaravati]] as legislative capital while naming [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]] as executive capital and [[Kurnool]] as judicial capital.<ref name="3caps">{{Cite news|title=YS Jaganmohan Reddy's three-capital plan on track as Andhra Pradesh governor gives nod to two bills|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ys-jaganmohan-reddys-three-capital-plan-on-track-as-andhra-pradesh-governor-gives-nod-to-two-bills/articleshow/77296660.cms|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801075958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ys-jaganmohan-reddys-three-capital-plan-on-track-as-andhra-pradesh-governor-gives-nod-to-two-bills/articleshow/77296660.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Thus
government's attempt to plan for three capital cities led to the dissolution of APCRDA and formation of Amaravati Metropolitan Region
Development Area (AMRDA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/bill-for-three-capitals-for-andhra-pradesh-gets-governors-nod/articleshow/77284421.cms|title=Bill for three capitals for Andhra Pradesh gets Governor's nod}}</ref> The events leading to this decision resulted in widespread and continuing [[2019–2020 Amaravati protests|protests by the farmers of Amaravati]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sudhir|first1=Uma|date=13 January 2020|title=Won't celebrate harvest festival, say Amaravati farmers amid protests|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/amaravati-farmers-protesting-over-andhra-pradesh-capital-proposal-say-wont-celebrate-sankranti-2163126|access-date=28 February 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414060453/https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/amaravati-farmers-protesting-over-andhra-pradesh-capital-proposal-say-wont-celebrate-sankranti-2163126|url-status=live}}</ref> The act has been challenged in the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], which ordered to maintain status quo until the court completes its hearing. The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|government]], led by [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]], withdrew the [[Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020|act]] when the High Court hearing reached the final stage. The chief minister said that his government would bring a better and more complete bill.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh withdraws controversial 3-capital bill|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/andhra-pradesh-to-withdraw-controversial-3-capital-bill-2620180|access-date=22 November 2021|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122092215/https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/andhra-pradesh-to-withdraw-controversial-3-capital-bill-2620180|url-status=live}}</ref> As the government withdrew the GO, the APCRDA was restored.

== Jurisdiction ==
Under the jurisdiction of APCRDA, ''Andhra Pradesh Capital Region'' comprises: [[Amaravati|Amaravathi]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]] City and the districts of [[NTR district|NTR]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and [[Guntur]].
The below table list the urban areas of ''APCRDA'':
{| class="wikitable" style="width:200pt,"
! colspan="3" style="text-align: center," |Jurisdiction
|-
! style="text-align: center," |Settlement Type
! style="text-align: center," |Name
! style="text-align: center," |Total
|-
!Municipal Corporations
|[[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|Vijayawada]], [[Guntur Municipal Corporation|Guntur]], [[Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation|Mangalagiri–Tadepalli]]
|3
|-
!Municipalities
|[[Tadigadapa]], [[Kondapalli]], [[Nuzvid]], [[Gudivada]], [[Tenali]], [[Ponnur]], [[Sattenapalle]], [[Nandigama]], [[Jaggayyapeta|Jaggayapeta]]
|9
|-
!Nagar Panchayat
|[[Vuyyuru]]
|1
|}

== See also ==
*[[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]
*[[Amaravati]]
*[[Vijayawada]]
*[[Guntur]]
*[[Amaravati Quantum Valley]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/FACTS%20AND%20FIGURES%20OF%20CAPITAL%20REGION/01~1117CRDA%20Factfile%20(%20Web%20view).pdf APCRDA Facts and Figures]

{{Amaravati topics}}
Amravati have Grid Roads system E1, E2, E3, E4.... N1to N16 Interconnected Roads with Construction with NCC, L&T, Mega, BSR infra... arounds central NDA government boosted for Capital infrastructure Trunk infrastartures, UDC lines with 78,98,000 Cr (US$2 trillion. for Next 10 yrs by Modi govt Phase -1

||Major Projects||
* Iconic towers.
* High court.
* seed access and others roads.
* AP Assemblée.
* Quantum valley

[[Category:State agencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Urban development authorities of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Amaravati]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Vijayawada]]

Komatireddy Venkat Reddy

2026-03-26T18:06:00Z

Ayurtreatservices: minor enhance citations per sources and improved wording per sources

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Komatireddy Venkat Reddy
| image = File:Komatireddy_Venkat_Reddy.jpg
| caption = Reddy in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|5|23}}
| birth_place = [[Nalgonda district|Brahmana Vellemla]], [[Telangana]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5074 | title=Members : Lok Sabha }}</ref>
| residence = [[Nalgonda]], [[Telangana]]
| office = [[Revanth Reddy ministry|Minister of Roads, Buildings & Cinematography]] {{small|[[Government of Telangana]]}}
| term_start = 7 December 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/telangana-cabinet-full-list-of-ministers-9058279/lite/ | title=Here's the full list of ministers in Revanth Reddy's Telangana Cabinet | date=7 December 2023 }}</ref>
| governor = * [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] (2023-2024)
* [[C.P. Radhakrishnan]] {{small|(Additional charge)}} (2024)
* [[Jishnu Dev Varma]] (2024-)
| term_end =
| predecessor = {{ubl|▪︎ [[Vemula Prashanth Reddy]] (Roads & Buildings)|▪︎ [[Talasani Srinivas Yadav]] (Cinematography)}}
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Anumula Revanth Reddy]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 23 May 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nalgonda-lok-sabha | title=Nalgonda Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency }}</ref>
| term_end2 = 6 December 2023
| predecessor2 = [[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]
| successor2 = [[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| constituency2 = [[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhuvanagiri, Telangana]]
| office3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 9 December 2023
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = Kancharla Bhupal Reddy
| constituency3 = [[Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)|Nalgonda]]
| term_start4 = 2 June 2014
| term_end4 = 11 December 2018
| predecessor4 = ''Telangana Legislative Assembly Created''
| successor4 = Kancharla Bhupal Reddy
| constituency4 = [[Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)|Nalgonda]]
| office5 = [[Second Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Minister of Information Technology, Airports, Port Trust, Natural Gas and Telecommunications]] {{small|[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| term_start5 = 25 May 2009<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/ysr-constitutes-35member-cabinet-drops-four-ministers/lite/ | title=YSR constitutes 35-member Cabinet, drops four ministers | date=26 May 2009 }}</ref>
| term_end5 = 2 October 2011<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/komatireddy-resigns/article2504180.ece/ | title=Komatireddy resigns | newspaper=The Hindu | date=October 2011 }}</ref>
| governor5 = * [[N. D. Tiwari]]
* [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = * [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]
* [[Konijeti Rosaiah]]
* [[Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| predecessor5 = [[Mopidevi Venkataramana]]
| successor5 = [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
| office6 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start6 = 6 October 1999
| term_end6 = 16 May 2014
| constituency6 = [[Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)|Nalgonda]]
| predecessor6 = Nandyala Narsimha Reddy
| successor6 = ''Telangana Assembly Created''
| spouse = Smt Komatireddy Sabithamma
| father = Komatireddy Papi Reddy
| relatives = [[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]] (Brother)
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| children = 1
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| signature =
}}
'''Komatireddy Venkat Reddy''' (born 23 May 1965) is an Indian politician and currently serves as the cabinet minister of Roads & Buildings and Cinematography in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/komatireddy-venkat-reddy-50761.html|title=Komatireddy Venkat Reddy Biography}}</ref> He served as a MLA for the Nalgonda Constituency for 20 years consecutively, following which he served as a Member of Parliament of [[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhuvanagiri Parliament Constituency]] from 2019 to 2023. 
He joined the Congress Party in 1986 as NSUI District in charge and has worked his way up. He has been the star campaigner of [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]], known for his unwavering participation in the formation of the State of Telangana and some revolutionary development in Nalgonda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5074|title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha, Members Bioprofile}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-14/india/29542687_1_ysr-y-s-jaganmohan-reddy-kadapa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612045731/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-14/india/29542687_1_ysr-y-s-jaganmohan-reddy-kadapa |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-06-12 |title=Jagan is YSR's heir apparent: Komati |date=2011-05-14 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> He was the Deputy Floor Leader, Telangana Congress Legislative Party.

== Early life and education ==

'''Komatireddy Venkat Reddy''' was born on 23 May 1965 as the 8th of the nine children of a farmer, Sri Papi Reddy and Smt.Susheelamma in Brahmana Vellemla village, [[Narketpally]], [[Nalgonda district]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5074|title=Komatireddy Venkat Reddy Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile}}</ref> Komatireddy Venkat Reddy attended Amarajeevi Potti Sreeramulu High School. He is a notable alumnus of [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology]], Hyderabad in 1986 where he pursued Bachelor of Civil Engineering (BE).<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://myneta.info/ap09/candidate.php?candidate_id=491 | title=KOMATIREDDY VENKAT REDDY(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- NALGONDA(NALGONDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Youth politics===

Right from the inception of his career, Komatireddy Venkat Reddy was actively involved in Youth Politics. He always believed that societal change is unprecedented in its pace, scope and depth of impact and everyone is bound to get into reforming it the right way. During his graduation in 1986, he acted as NSUI District Incharge and brought in new agendas such as educational and university reforms.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5b5970b34a93261b1dbe6208 | title=KOMATIREDDY VENKAT REDDY}}</ref>

Komatireddy won as a candidate from Nalgonda assembly constituency four times, in 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014. He was a Minister for [[Information Technology]] in [[YS Rajasekhar Reddy]]'s government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/article70009.ece |title=Komatireddy Venkat Reddy resigns as MLA, Minister |work=The Hindu|date=2009-12-24 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> He served as minister for ports. In 2019 he was again elected as Member of Parliament from Bhuvanagiri constituency.

Venkat Reddy has held the following positions;<ref name="Positions">{{cite news |title= Komati Reddy Venkat Reddy PRSIndia |url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/17-lok-sabha/komati-reddy-venkat-reddy |agency=PRS Legislative Research |date=2022-10-05}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 1999
| Elected in Assembly elections
* Member of Legislative Assembly, MLA
* Fight to end Fluorosis - Fought for the heart-wrenching problem of Fluorosis
|-
| 2004
| Elected in Assembly elections
* Member of Legislative Assembly, MLA
* Facilitated infrastructure development in the constituency.
|-
| 2009
| Elected in Assembly elections
* Minister for Information Technology, Sports, Youth, Communications
* Minister for Airports, Ports, Natural Gas Industries
* Facilitated the increase in Jobs via the inflow of multiple MNCs in Hyderabad
* Introduced incentives for badminton players such as Saina Nehwal and others during the Commonwealth Games

|-
| 2014
| Elected in Assembly elections (4th term)
* Deputy Leader, [[Indian National Congress]] Parliamentary Party, [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* Spoke up against the unjust rule of the TRS Party, and raised many important issues in the state
|-
| 2019
| Elected to [[17th Lok Sabha]]
* Member of Parliament, Bhongir
* Member, Standing Committee on Coal, Mines and Steel
* Member, Consultative Committee, [[Ministry of Finance (India)]] and [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs]]
|-
| 2023
| Elected in Assembly elections
* Minister for Department of Roads & Buildings and Minister for Cinematography <ref name="Portfolios allocated to Ministers in the new Telangana Cabinet">{{cite news |date=9 December 2023 |title=Portfolios allocated to Ministers in the new Telangana Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/full-list-of-telangana-cabinet-and-council-of-ministers/article67620817.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121123943/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/full-list-of-telangana-cabinet-and-council-of-ministers/article67620817.ece |archive-date=21 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Revanth Reddy assigns portfolios to 11 ministers in Telangana Cabinet: Full list">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=9 December 2023 |title=Revanth Reddy assigns portfolios to 11 ministers in Telangana Cabinet: Full list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/revanth-reddy-portfolios-11-ministers-telangana-cabinet-keeps-law-order-general-administration-full-list-2474051-2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121125317/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/revanth-reddy-portfolios-11-ministers-telangana-cabinet-keeps-law-order-general-administration-full-list-2474051-2023-12-09 |archive-date=21 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Election statistics==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Year
! Contested For
! colspan="2" | Party
! Constituency
! Opponent
! Votes
! Majority
! Result
! Reference
|-
|1
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=7}}
| rowspan = "5"|[[Nalgonda Assembly constituency|Nalgonda]]
| Nandyala Narsimha Reddy ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]])
| 47,332 - 42,882
| +4,440
| {{WON}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Andhra Pradesh 1999 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1999/andhra-pradesh/148/27 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|2
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Gutha Sukender Reddy]] ([[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]])
| 69,818 - 47,080
| +23,787
| {{WON}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2004 - Constituency wise Results |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/ap04detail.htm |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|3
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Nandyala Narsimha Reddy ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]])
| 60,665 - 52,288
| +8,377
| {{Won}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Nalgonda 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/30503 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|4
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Kancharla Bhupal Reddy ([[Independent politician|IND]])
| 60,744 - 50,227
| +10,547
| {{WON}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Nalgonda District 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/district/ac/239/833 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Kancharla Bhupal Reddy ([[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]])
| 98,792 - 75,094
| -23,698
| {{lost}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nalgonda Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nalgonda-telangana-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| [[Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency|Bhongir]]
| Boora Narasaiah ([[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]])
| 5,32,795 - 5,27,576
| +5,219
| {{WON}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhongir Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bhongir-lok-sabha |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
|-
|7
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| rowspan = "1" |[[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| [[Nalgonda Assembly constituency|Nalgonda]]
| Kancharla Bhupal Reddy ([[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]])
| 1,07,405 - 53,073
| +54,332
| {{WON}}
|
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nalgonda assembly election results 2023: Nalgonda Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/nalgonda-assembly-result-29092 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-12-12 |title=Speaker Om Birla approves Komati Reddy Venkat Reddy's resignation |url=https://telanganatoday.com/speaker-om-birla-approves-komati-reddy-venkat-reddys-resignation |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Notable achievements==
Fight to end Fluorosis - Fought for the heart-wrenching problem of Fluorosis (deadly amounts of fluoride mixed in groundwater)- leading to 10,000 residents with crippling diseases. Komatireddy Venkat Reddy took a bottle of fluoride-infected water to the assembly in protest - bringing the issue to the front stage. Went on a hunger strike in March 2003, to demand the completion of the drinking water problem. He organized a march of fluoride victims to the governor’s house. The ruling party, TDP had then announced 177Cr to the Panagal Project to supply drinking water for 112 villages.

In 2004, he was elected for the 2nd term as the MLA of Nalgonda Facilitated infrastructure development in the constituency. Due to his proposals, Govt. sanctioned Rs.2900Cr to the SLBC project to irrigate the drought-prone Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar Districts. Sanctioned funds for the Bramhana Vellemla Project.

He was elected for the 3rd time in 2009, consecutively from Nalgonda; and became a Cabinet Minister of the Andhra Pradesh State. He held the following portfolio’s during his tenure - as an IT, Sports, Youth and TeleCommunications, Airports & Ports, and Natural Gas Cabinet Minister in Andhra Pradesh under the Late Y.S.Rajashekar Reddy’s Government.

As IT Minister - Facilitated the increase in Jobs via the inflow of multiple MNCs in Hyderabad - Second tower of TCS 46 acre campus. As Sports Minister - Introduced incentives for badminton players such as Saina Nehwal and others during the Commonwealth games After re-arrangement of Ministries - Got inducted as the Minister of Ports, Airports, and Natural Gas Industries.

He stood at the forefront of the Telangana Agitation for a Separate State, and also resigned to his Ministry for this purpose.

In 2014, he was elected for the 4th time as Nalgonda MLA in Telangana State. Served as Deputy Floor leader in the Legislative Assembly Spoke up against the unjust rule of the TRS Party, and raised many important issues in the state.

In 2017, he went on a 72-hour hunger strike along with families in Nalgonda, who had lost their loved ones due to the non-availability of medical services, urging then-Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao, to keep his promise of sanctioning a medical college to Nalgonda.

In 2019, he was elected to the 17th Lok Sabha as a Congress Party Member of Parliament from Bhongir. He served as a Member of the Standing Committee on Coal, Mines and Steel, Member Consultative Committee, Ministry of Finance (India), and Corporate Affairs.

== Achievements as MP ==
Construction of the newly declared National highway NH 930P: From the junction of Outer Ring Road at Gourelli to Kothagudem conversion of 4 lanes of NH 65 from LB Nagar to Malkapur connecting Hyderabad to Vijayawada.
He sanctioned 2 cluster development projects under the National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP) for weavers. Steps were taken to bring medical facilities and related latest equipment for about Rs.970 Cr. for AIIMS hospital in Bibinagar Sanctioning of an indoor sports stadium in Bhongir Town for about Rs.200 Cr.

As a Member of the Standing Committee on Coal and Steel- Steps were taken to benefit save governments exchequer of around Rs.30,000Cr for the work of a selection of Mine Developer cum Operator (MDO) for the development and operation of Naina Coal Mine situated in Odisha state by Singareni Collieries Co.Ltd. by canceling of Initial tenders and later allotting their coal blocks by calling new tenders. Raised 341 questions in Parliament, which is higher in number than any other Parliamentarian in Telangana.

==Telangana agitation==
In 2011, he went on an indefinite fast in support of the Telangana agitation in Nalgonda. The police forcibly took him to the NIMS hospital as his health deteriorated during the 7th/9th day of his fast he continued his fast in the hospital and refused to take medical treatment. He did not heed the advice of even fellow Telangana Congress leaders to call off his fast, stirring a huge revolution. A large number of Telangana activists visited NIMS and expressed solidarity with the fasting Congress leader, causing the state government and the Congress high command to understand the urgency of the matter. He is the second leader in history to resign from his post after Konda Laxman Bapuji for Telangana. Hence, playing a key role in achieving a Separate Telangana.

He also played a key role in other protests for students’ deaths. Watching young students in Telangana, he tendered his resignation as a minister and continued to fight in the Assembly.

==Philanthropy==
The Komatireddy Prateek Foundation was established by him in memory of his son Prateek Reddy, who met with an accident on 20 December 2011 on [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|Outer Ring Road]] in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/son-of-former-ap-minister-among-three-killed-in-road-mishap/939890.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108123138/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/son-of-former-ap-minister-among-three-killed-in-road-mishap/939890.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-01-08 |title=News18.com: CNN News18 Latest News, Breaking News India, Current News Headlines |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> At a cost of Rs 3.5 crore by the Foundation, he undertook the building of the Prateek Memorial Government Junior College for Boys and Vocational Junior College for Girls in Nalgonda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/2-modern-college-buildings-in-memory-of-ex-ministers-son/articleshow/11759559.cms |title=2 modern college buildings in memory of ex-minister's son |work=Times Of India |date=2012-02-05}}</ref> He operates ambulance services under this organization and runs awareness campaigns for road safety. Every year, Komatireddy Prateek Foundation conducts job mela and provides job opportunities to many unemployed youth in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teluguaction.com/pratik-foundation-job-mela/ |title=Komatireddy Pratik Foundation Job Mela, jobs for 20 thousand people |work=Telugu Action |date=2022-10-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{17th LS members from Telangana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Komatireddy Venkat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Telangana]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Telangana]]

2007–08 East Bengal FC season

2026-03-25T15:53:51Z

Ayurtreatservices: started new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Short description|Indian football club season}}

The 2007–08 season was [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'s 1st season in the [[I-League]] and 88th season in existence.

{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| season = [[2007–08 I-League|'''2007–08''']]
| manager = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Bhattacharya]] {{nobreak|(until 16 January 2008)}} {{flagicon|IND}} [[Monoranjan Bhattacharya]] {{nobreak|(until 19 February 2008)}} {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aloke Mukherjee]] {{nobreak|(from 20 February 2008)}}
| mgrtitle = Head-Coach
| chairman = Dr Pranab Dasgupta
| chrtitle = President
| stdtitle = Ground
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]] [[Barasat Stadium]] [[East Bengal Ground]]
| league = [[I-League]]
| league result = [[2007–08 I-League|'''6th''']]
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]
| league2 result = '''Runners-up'''
| cup1 = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| cup1 result = [[2007 Indian Federation Cup Final|'''Champions''']]
| cup2 = [[Indian Super Cup (1997-2011)|Super Cup]]
| cup2 result = '''Runners-up'''
| cup3 = [[IFA Shield]]
| cup3 result = '''Group Stage'''
| cup4 = [[AFC Cup]]
| cup4 result = [[2008 AFC Cup|'''Group Stage''']]
| league topscorer = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] ('''8''')
| season topscorer = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] ('''29''')
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
|pattern_b1 = _EastBengal_07_08_Home
|pattern_la1 = _EastBengal_07_08_Home
|pattern_ra1 = _EastBengal_07_08_Home
|pattern_so1 = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm1 =
|rightarm1 =
|shorts1 = 000000
|socks1 = FF0000
|pattern_b2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away
|pattern_la2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away
|pattern_ra2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away
|pattern_sh2 =
|pattern_so2 = _goldtop
|leftarm2 =ffffff
|body2 =ffffff
|rightarm2 =ffffff
|shorts2 =000000
|socks2 =ffffff
|prevseason = [[2006–07 East Bengal F.C. season|2006–07]]
|nextseason = [[2008–09 East Bengal F.C. season|2008-09]]
}}

==Competitions==
===Overall===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:200px;" | Competition
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | First match
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | Last match
! style="text-align:center; width:130px;" | Final position
|-
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Calcutta Football League]]
| 30 July 2007
| 18 November 2007
|bgcolor="silver"| Runners-up
|-
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| 4 September 2007
| 15 September 2007
|bgcolor="gold"| [[2007 Indian Federation Cup Final|Champions]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[I-League]]
| 25 November 2007
| 23 February 2008
| [[2007–08 I-League|6th]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Indian Super Cup (1997-2011)|Super Cup]]
|colspan="2"| 27 February 2008
|bgcolor="silver"| Runners-up
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[IFA Shield]]
| 1 March 2008
| 3 March 2008
| Group Stage
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[AFC Cup]]
| 11 March 2008
| 14 May 2008
| [[2008 AFC Cup|Group Stage]]
|-
|}

===Overview===
{{Fb overview
|c=6
|c1=[[Calcutta Football League]]
|w1=8|l1=4|d1=2|f1=30|a1=16
|c2=[[2007 Indian Federation Cup Final|Federation Cup]]
|w2=4|l2=0|d2=0|f2=11|a2=6
|c3=[[2008–09 I-League|I-League]]
|w3=5|l3=9|d3=4|f3=17|a3=23
|c4=[[Indian Super Cup (1997-2011)|Super Cup]]
|w4=0|l4=1|d4=0|f4=0|a4=1
|c5=[[IFA Shield]]
|w5=0|l5=1|d5=1|f5=1|a5=3
|c6=[[2008 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
|w6=2|l6=3|d6=1|f6=5|a6=6
|u=1 June 2008
}}
 
----

===Calcutta Football League===
{{Main|Calcutta Football League}}

East Bengal finished the 2007 Calcutta Premier Division as runner-up with 26 points from 14 matches behind champions [[Mohun Bagan]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=14 Feb 2019 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-reg07.html |title=IFA-Calcutta Premier League 2007 |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=12 Aug 2021 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710132451/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-reg07.html#calc |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 30 July 2007
|round=1
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200707.html
|team2= Calcutta Port Trust
|goals1= [[Mehtab Hussain]] {{goal|8}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|10}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Rathin Mukherjee
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 3 August 2007
|round=2
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200708.html
|team2= [[Eastern Railway F.C.|Eastern Railway]]
|goals1= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|70|pen}} [[Dipendu Biswas]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Debashish Mishra
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 7 August 2007
|round=3
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 6–2
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200708.html
|team2= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|goals1= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|4||42||72}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|46||48}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|55}}
|goals2= Basudeb Mondal {{goal|2}} K Shyju {{goal|19}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Minangshu Bhattacharya
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 14 August 2007
|round=4
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200708.html
|team2= [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|goals1= [[Samed Abdul Awudu|Abdul Samed Okocha]] {{goal|16}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|50}} [[Dipankar Roy]] {{goal|57}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Udayan Haldar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 17 August 2007
|round=[[Kolkata Derby|5]]
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3–4
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football-in-seventh-heaven-as-bagan-down-east-bengal-venkatesh-alvito-score-a-brace-each-in-high-scoring-thriller/cid/1071650
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1= [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|46||60}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|69|pen}}
|goals2= [[Lalawmpuia Pachuau]] {{goal|9}} [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{goal|34|pen}} [[Shanmugam Venkatesh]] {{goal|42||47}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= Subrata Sarkar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 22 August 2007
|round=6
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 1–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200708.html
|team2= [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|goals1= [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|7}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Dhanapati Roy
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 25 August 2007
|round=7
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 1–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200708.html
|team2= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]
|goals1= [[Vimal Pariyar]] {{goal|14}}
|goals2= Sashti Duley {{goal|13}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= D
|motm=
|referee= K Shankar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 1 October 2007
|round=8
|time=
|team1= Calcutta Port Trust
|score= 0–5
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/edmilson-s-four-in-5-0-victory/cid/1072015
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Dipankar Roy]] {{goal|3}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|36||39||59|pen|80}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Biplab Poddar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 3 October 2007
|round=9
|time=
|team1= [[Eastern Railway F.C.|Eastern Railway]]
|score= 0–1
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/jayanta-clinches-it-for-east-bengal/cid/1069442
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Jayanta Sen]] {{goal|27}}
|location= [[Howrah]]
|stadium= [[Sailen Manna Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Pradip Mukherjee
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 6 October 2007
|round=10
|time=
|team1= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|score= 2–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200710.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Adebayo Tokunbo Adewusi {{goal|2}} [[Kalia Kulothungan]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|32}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= Rathin Mukherjee
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 27 October 2007
|round=11
|time=
|team1= [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|score= 0–2
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-net-two-in-second-half/cid/1069649
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|57}} [[Vimal Pariyar]] {{goal|74}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Pradip Mukherjee
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 6 November 2007
|round=[[Kolkata Derby|12]]
|time=
|team1= [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score= 2–0
|report = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-beat-east-bengal-2-0/articleshow/2523149.cms
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{goal|49||90+2}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= S Suresh
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 15 November 2007
|round=13
|time=
|team1= [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|score= 3–1
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/by-george-eb-lose-cfl-premier-division-listless-display-by-bhattacharya-s-side/cid/1068090
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Nuruddin Saleh Olawale {{goal|24||33}} Gour Naskar {{goal|29}}
|goals2= [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|40}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= Kashinath Sen
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 18 November 2007
|round=14
|time=
|team1= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]
|score= 2–2
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200711.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Shankar Oraon {{goal|44}} [[Theodore Sunday Wrobeh]] {{goal|61}}
|goals2= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|16}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|76}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= D
|motm=
|referee= Dhanapati Roy
}}
 
----

===Federation Cup===
{{main|2007 Indian Federation Cup Final}}

East Bengal started the Federation Cup campaign in the Pre-Quarter Finals against Kolkata giants [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] and won 3–1 with [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] putting them ahead in the 21st minute. [[Kalia Kulothungan]] equalised for Mohammedan but [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] scored twice to take the team to the last 8. In the Quarter-Final, East Bengal faced hosts [[JCT F.C.|JCT]] and won 3–2 with another brace from Edmilson after [[Irungbam Surkumar Singh]] put them ahead in the 14th minute. [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar]] and [[Renedy Singh]] scored for JCT.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Speedy-Nabi-takes-East-Bengal-to-semis/articleshow/2353603.cms|title=Speedy Nabi takes East Bengal to semis|work=Times of India|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812074316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Speedy-Nabi-takes-East-Bengal-to-semis/articleshow/2353603.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Semi-Final, East Bengal faced arch-rivals [[Mohun Bagan]]. [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] put Mohun Bagan ahead in the 12th minute but East Bengal rallied from behind to score three. Surkumar Singh equalised in the 25th minute while [[Dipendu Biswas]] and Ashim Biswas scored the other two. [[José Ramirez Barreto]]'s goal in the 71st minute wasn't enough for Bagan as East Bengal won 3–2 to reach the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/09/11/mohun-bagan-go-down-fighting-to-east-bengal-1189530150.html|title=Mohun Bagan go down fighting to East Bengal|work=One India|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812072814/https://www.oneindia.com/2007/09/11/mohun-bagan-go-down-fighting-to-east-bengal-1189530150.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-send-bagan-packing-bhattacharya-s-tactical-move-proves-decisive/cid/1072345|title=East Bengal send Bagan packing - Bhattacharya's tactical move proves decisive|work=Telegraph India|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812072813/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-send-bagan-packing-bhattacharya-s-tactical-move-proves-decisive/cid/1072345|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Final, East Bengal defeated [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]] 2–1 with another brace from Brazilian forward Edmilson as they lifted their 5th Federation Cup title.<ref name="final">{{cite web|first=Mohit|last=Khanna|date=16 Sep 2007|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/edmilson-guides-eb-to-cup/lite/|title=Edmilson guides EB to cup|work=Indian Express|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812072813/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/edmilson-guides-eb-to-cup/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bracket====
{{Round16
|3rdplace=no
|widescore=yes
|RD1 = Pre-Quarter Finals
|RD2 = Quarter-Finals
|RD3 = Semi-Finals
|RD4 = [[2007 Indian Federation Cup Final|Final]]


|4 September|'''[[JCT F.C.|JCT]]'''|'''3'''|[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]|1
|4 September|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]|1|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''3'''
|6 September|[[Air India F.C.|Air India]]|1|'''[[Chirag United Club Kerala|Viva Kerala]]'''|'''2'''
|6 September|[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]|1|'''[[Mohun Bagan]]'''|'''2'''
|7 September|'''[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]'''|'''3'''|[[United S.C.|Chirag United]]|0
|7 September|[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]|1|'''[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]'''|'''4'''
|5 September|'''[[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]'''|'''1'''|[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]|0
|5 September|Army XI |0|'''[[Sporting Clube de Goa]]'''|'''1'''

|9 September|[[JCT F.C.|JCT]]|2|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''3'''
|9 September|[[Chirag United Club Kerala|Viva Kerala]]|1|'''[[Mohun Bagan]]'''|'''3'''
|10 September|'''[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]'''|'''2'''|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]|0
|8 September|'''[[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]'''|'''1 (5)'''|[[Sporting Clube de Goa]]|1 (4)

|11 September|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''3'''|[[Mohun Bagan]]|2
|12 September|[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]|1 (1)|'''[[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]'''|'''1 (3)'''

|5 September|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''2'''|[[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]|1

|||||
}}

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 4 September 2007
|round=Pre-Quarter Final
|time=
|team1= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|score= 1–3
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200709.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Kalia Kulothungan]] {{goal|45+3}}
|goals2= [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|21}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|51||66}}
|location= [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium= [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= S. Suresh
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 9 September 2007
|round=Quarter-Final
|time=
|team1= [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|score= 2–3
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200709.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar]] {{goal|51}} [[Renedy Singh]] {{goal|90+5}}
|goals2= [[Irungbam Surkumar Singh]] {{goal|14}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|44||72}}
|location= [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium= [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= Benjamin D'Silva
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 11 September 2007
|round=Semi-Final
|time=
|team1= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3–2
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200709.html
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1= [[Irungbam Surkumar Singh]] {{goal|25}} [[Dipendu Biswas]] {{goal|35}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|47}}
|goals2= [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|12}} [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{goal|71}}
|location= [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium= [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= K. Shankar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 15 September 2007
|round=Final
|time=
|team1= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200709.html
|team2= [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|goals1=[[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|36|pen|45+1}}
|goals2=Sunil Kumar {{sent off|0|42}} [[Manjit Singh (footballer)|Manjit Singh]] {{goal|45+3}}
|location= [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium= [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee= K. Shankar
}}
 
----

===I League===
{{Main|2007–08 I-League}}

====League table====
{{:2007–08 I-League|showteam=EB}}

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 25 November 2007
|round = 1
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/11/25/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/viva-kerala/529325/
|team2 = [[Chirag United Club Kerala|Viva Kerala]]
|goals1 = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|73}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Barasat Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Jayanta Sen]] (East Bengal)
|referee = A. Arjunan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 30 November 2007
|round = 2
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–3
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/11/30/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/jagajit-cotton-textile-fc/529333/
|team2 = [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|goals1 = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|50|pen}}
|goals2 = [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar]] {{goal|43||67||83}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar]] (JCT)
|referee = Benjamin D'Silva
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 3 December 2007
|round = 3
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–2
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/03/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/salgaocar-sports-club/529420/
|team2 = [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1 = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|20||66|pen}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] {{goal|53}}
|goals2 = TV Biju Kumar {{goal|49}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|75}} Remu Gomes {{sentoff|0|60}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Felix Chimaokwu]] (Salgaocar)
|referee = P.K. Bose
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 9 December 2007
|round = 4
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 2–2
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/09/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/east-bengal-club-fc/529426/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Valeriano Rebello]] {{goal|26}} [[Roberto Mendes Silva|Beto]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2 = [[MacDonald Mukansi]] {{goal|25}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|59}}
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = [[Subrata Paul]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Ali Saleem
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 13 December 2007
|round = 5
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 3–2
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/13/india/i-league/churchill-brothers-sc/east-bengal-club-fc/529430/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] {{goal|32||41|pen|44}}
|goals2 = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|26}} [[Mehtab Hossain]] {{goal|87}}
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] (Churchill Brothers)
|referee = Ali Saleem
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 17 December 2007
|round = 6
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/17/india/i-league/air-india/east-bengal-club-fc/529435/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = Paresh Shivalkar {{goal|62}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Cooperage Ground]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = Paresh Shivalkar (Air India)
|referee = Benjamin D'Silva
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 23 December 2007
|round = 7
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|score = 2–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/23/india/i-league/mahindra-united/east-bengal-club-fc/529440/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Debabrata Roy]] {{goal|31}} {{own goal}} [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]] {{goal|72}}
|goals2 = [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|50}}
|location = [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Cooperage Ground]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Sushanth Mathew]] (Mahindra United)
|referee = S Suresh
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 30 December 2007
|round = [[Kolkata Derby|8]]
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2007/12/30/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/east-bengal-club-fc/529446/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|61}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Douglas Silva (footballer, born 1974)|Douglas da Silva]] (Mohun Bagan)
|referee = K Shankar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 5 January 2008
|round = 9
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/05/india/i-league/sporting-club-de-goa/east-bengal-club-fc/529450/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Lawrence Adjei]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Denzil Franco]] (Sporting Clube de Goa)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 8 January 2008
|round = 10
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/08/india/i-league/salgaocar-sports-club/east-bengal-club-fc/529453/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = Fabio Dos Passos (Salgaocar)
|referee = Rizwan Ul-Haq
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 14 January 2008
|round = 11
|time = 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|score = 3–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/14/india/i-league/jagajit-cotton-textile-fc/east-bengal-club-fc/529460/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Baljit Sahni]] {{goal|5}} [[Baldeep Singh (footballer, born 1982)|Baldeep Singh]] {{goal|8}} [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar]] {{goal|38}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium = [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Baljit Sahni]] (JCT)
|referee = A. Arjunan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 January 2008
|round = [[Kolkata Derby|12]]
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–2
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/21/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/529466/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|29||62}} [[Douglas Silva (footballer, born 1974)|Douglas da Silva]] {{Sentoff|2|9|48}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (Mohun Bagan)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 27 January 2008
|round = 13
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/27/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/dempo-sports-club/529471/
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1 = [[Mahesh Gawli]] {{goal|69}} {{own goal}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Alvito D'Cunha]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 30 January 2008
|round = 14
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/01/30/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/air-india/529475/
|team2 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = [[Arnab Das Sharma]] (Air India)
|referee = K Shankar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 3 February 2008
|round = 15
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/02/03/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mahindra-united/529478/
|team2 = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|goals1 = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|5}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 10 February 2008
|round = 16
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/02/10/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/churchill-brothers-sc/529487/
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 = [[Jayanta Sen]] {{sentoff|0|29}}
|goals2 = [[Mboyo Iyomi]] {{goal|77}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Subrata Paul]] (East Bengal)
|referee = A. Arjunan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 17 February 2008
|round = 17
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chirag United Club Kerala|Viva Kerala]]
|score = 1–3
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/02/17/india/i-league/viva-kerala/east-bengal-club-fc/529491/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|20}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|57}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = Ebin Rose {{goal|45+1}}
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Rizwan Ul-Haq
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 23 February 2008
|round = 18
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2008/02/23/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/sporting-club-de-goa/529494/
|team2 = [[Sporting Club de Goa]]
|goals1 = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|56}}
|goals2 = [[Joseph Pereira]] {{goal|21}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Barasat Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] (East Bengal)
|referee = P.K. Bose
}}
 
----

===Super Cup===
{{Main|Indian Super Cup (1997-2011)}}

2007 Federation Cup Champion [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] faced [[2007-08 I-League]] Champion [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] in the 2008 [[Indian Super Cup (1997-2011)|Super Cup]]. Dempo won 1–0 courtesy of a solitary goal from [[Chidi Edeh]].<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=27 Feb 2008|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Dempo-claim-Super-Cup-to-end-memorable-season-on-a-high/articleshow/2820441.cms?from=mdr|title=Dempo claim Super Cup to end memorable season on a high|work=The Times of India|accessdate=12 Aug 2021|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812081504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Dempo-claim-Super-Cup-to-end-memorable-season-on-a-high/articleshow/2820441.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
| round=
| result= L
| date= 27 February 2008
| time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1= [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
| score= 1–0
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200802.html
| team2= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| goals1= [[Chidi Edeh]] {{goal|71}}
| goals2=
| location= [[Gurgaon]]
| stadium= [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]]
| referee= Dinesh Nair
}}
 
----
===IFA Shield===
{{Main|IFA Shield}}

;Group B
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_positions=n
|section=Group B

|team1=SAN|name_SAN={{flagicon|RSA}} [[Santos F.C. (South Africa)|Santos]]
|team2=MUN|name_MUN={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|team3=EBG|name_EBG={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal|East Bengal]]

|win_EBG=0|draw_EBG=1|loss_EBG=1|gf_EBG=1|ga_EBG=3
|win_SAN=1|draw_SAN=1|loss_SAN=0|gf_SAN=3|ga_SAN=1
|win_MUN=1|draw_MUN=0|loss_MUN=1|gf_MUN=2|ga_MUN=2

|col_A=#ccffcc|text_A=
|result1=A
|showteam=EBG
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiacup08.html 113th IFA Shield 2008]
}}

East Bengal was grouped alongside [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]] and [[Santos F.C. (South Africa)|Santos]] in Group B. East Bengal lost 2–0 against Mahindra United in the opening game and drew 1–1 against Santos as they were eliminated from the group stages.<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=26 January 2008 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiacup08.html |title=113th IFA Shield 2008 |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=12 Aug 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812081505/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiacup08.html#ifashield |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Group Stage
| result= L
| date= 1 March 2008
| time= 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 0–2
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200803.html
| team2= [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
| goals1=
| goals2= [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Rafi]] {{goal|37}} [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|44}}
| location= [[Kolkata]]
| stadium= [[Barasat Stadium]]
| referee= Mohammed Kamil
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Group Stage
| result= D
| date= 3 March 2008
| time= 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 1–1
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200803.html
| team2= [[Santos F.C. (South Africa)|Santos]]
| goals1= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|14|pen}}
| goals2= Gregory Michael {{goal|7}}
| location= [[Howrah]]
| stadium= [[Sailen Manna Stadium]]
| referee= A. Arjunan
}}
 
----

===AFC Cup===
{{main|2008 AFC Cup}}

====Group stage====
{{:2008 AFC Cup|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=EB}}

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=11 March 2008
|time=18:00 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Safa Sporting Club|Safa]] {{flagicon|Lebanon}}
|score=1–0
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106045238/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1320.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2658 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Bernard Mbassi]] {{goal|17}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium|Sports City Stadium]], [[Beirut]]
|attendance=700
|referee={{flagicon|OMA}} [[Mahmood Mohd Juma Al Ghatrifi]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date=18 March 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score=1–0
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106042141/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1318.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2660 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Al-Ahli (San'a')|Al-Ahli San‘a’]]
|goals1=[[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|31}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=6,000
|referee={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Minoru Tōjō]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date=3 April 2008
|time=15:30 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Al-Wahdat]] {{flagicon|Jordan}}
|score=0–2
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024432/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1317.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2661 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|58}} [[Ikechukwu Gift Ibe]] {{goal|69}}
|stadium=[[Prince Mohammad International Stadium|Prince Mohammad Stadium]], [[Zarqa]]
|attendance=4,000
|referee={{flagicon|MYS}} [[Rosdi Shaharul]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=16 April 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score= 2–4
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106000224/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1315.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2663 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Al-Wahdat]]
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|12}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|28}}
|goals2= [[Ra'fat Ali]] {{goal|6}} {{goal|24}} [[Hassan Abdel Fattah]] {{goal|31}} {{goal|34}}
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance= 10,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vo Minh Tri]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date=30 April 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score= 0–0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105222854/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1312.pdf (Report)]
|team2={{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Safa Sporting Club|Safa]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]], India
|attendance= 10,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Valentin Kovalenko]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=14 May 2008
|time=16:15 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Al-Ahli (San'a')|Al-Ahli San‘a’]] {{flagicon|Yemen}}
|score=1 –0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106061423/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1311.pdf (Report)]
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Ali Al Nono]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Ali Mohsen Al-Muraisi Stadium]], [[Sana'a]]
|attendance= 1,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Dilovarshokh Orzuev]]
}}

==Statistics==
===Appearances===
:Players with no appearances are not included in the list.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
!colspan="18"| Appearances for East Bengal in 2007–08 season
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|No.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Pos.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Nat.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:165px;" rowspan="2" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |CFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |I League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Fed Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |AFC Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts
|-
!colspan="18"| Goalkeepers
|-
| 24 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Subrata Paul]] || 3 || 3 || 16 || 16 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 6
! 31 || 31
|-
| 21 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Abhra Mondal]] || 6 || 6 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
! 9 || 9
|-
| 31 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Arup Debnath]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
! 2 || 1
|-
| 33 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gopal Das || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
! 4 || 4
|-
!colspan="18"| Defenders
|-
| 19 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 3 || 3 || 18 || 18 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 6 || 6
! 34 || 34
|-
| 5 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debabrata Roy]] || 3 || 3 || 15 || 14 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 5 || 5
! 28 || 27
|-
| 26 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]] || 3 || 3 || 14 || 12 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 6 || 6
! 30 || 27
|-
| 3 || DF || {{flagicon|NGR}} || Majek Bolaji || 5 || 5 || 13 || 13 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 6
! 29 || 29
|-
| 12 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anupam Sarkar]] || 9 || 4 || 10 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1
! 23 || 16
|-
| 4 || DF || {{flagicon|KEN}} || [[Julius Owino]] || || || 10 || 10 || || || 1 || 1 || || || ||
! 11 || 11
|-
| 29 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Saumik Dey]] || 10 || 9 || 9 || 8 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
! 23 || 20
|-
| 27 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Surkumar Singh]] || 1 || 1 || 9 || 9 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 6 || 6
! 23 || 23
|-
| 42 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Madhab Das || 5 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 0 || 0 || || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
! 9 || 8
|-
| 2 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Muttah Suresh]] || 9 || 9 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 4 || || || 2 || 1 || 5 || 5
! 23 || 22
|-
| 35 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Aiborlang Khongjee]] || 5 || 5 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || || || || || ||
! 7 || 6
|-
| 39 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ratan Das || 2 || 1 || 2 || 0 || || || || || || || ||
! 4 || 1
|-
| 17 || DF || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Samed Abdul Awudu|Abdul Samad Okocha]] || 4 || 4 || || || 3 || 0 || || || || || ||
! 7 || 4
|-
| 4 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gurpreet Singh || 8 || 6 || || || 0 || 0 || || || || || ||
! 8 || 6
|-
| 17 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Surya Bikash Chakraborty || 4 || 3 || 2 || 2 || || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ||
! 6 || 5
|-
| 20 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Napoleon Singh || 1 || 1 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 1 || 1
|-
| || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Poibang Pohshna || 0 || 0 || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1
! 1 || 1
|-
!colspan="18"| Midfielders
|-
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 10 || 8 || 17 || 16 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 6 || 6
! 40 || 37
|-
| 23 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehtab Hossain]] || 7 || 7 || 17 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 6 || 6
! 33 || 30
|-
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jayanta Sen]] || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 2
! 33 || 32
|-
| 32 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Snehasish Chakraborty]] || 4 || 2 || 11 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 6 || 0
! 24 || 6
|-
| 6 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipankar Roy]] || 13 || 10 || 9 || 2 || 2 || 0 || || || || || ||
! 24 || 12
|-
| 37 || MF || {{flagicon|RSA}} || [[MacDonald Mukansi]] || 1 || 1 || 9 || 6 || || || || || || || ||
! 10 || 7
|-
| 14 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chandan Das || 5 || 4 || 4 || 1 || || || || || || || ||
! 9 || 5
|-
| 11 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Hardeep Singh Saini || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || || || || || 2 || 0
! 6 || 2
|-
| 40 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Vanlal Rova || 4 || 1 || 5 || 2 || || || 0 || 0 || || || 0 || 0
! 9 || 3
|-
| 15 || MF || {{flagicon|GHA}} || Ikechukwu Ibe Gift || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1 || 6 || 5
! 7 || 6
|-
| 37 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Marlanki Suiting || 6 || 3 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 6 || 3
|-
| 36 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sovon Chakraborty || 1 || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 1 || 0
|-
| 34 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Amulya Mondal || 2 || 1 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 2 || 1
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Mohammed Mukhtar || 1 || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 1 || 0
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vinu Jose]] || 0 || 0 || || || || || || || || || 1 || 0
! 1 || 0
|-
!colspan="18"| Forwards
|-
| 30 || FW || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] || 12 || 12 || 14 || 14 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 5 || 5
! 37 || 37
|-
| 10 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipendu Biswas]] || 11 || 2 || 8 || 2 || 3 || 0 || || || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0
! 24 || 4
|-
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] || 13 || 13 || 5 || 4 || 4 || 4 || || || || || ||
! 22 || 21
|-
| 22 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vimal Pariyar]] || 3 || 1 || 3 || 0 || || || 0 || 0 || || || 0 || 0
! 6 || 1
|-
| 8 || FW || {{flagicon|NGR}} || Abeeku Gaiesi || || || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || ||
! 2 || 2
|}

=== Goal scorers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! colspan="12" |Goals for East Bengal in 2007–08 season
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Rank
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |CFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |I League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Fed Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |AFC Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Total
|-
! 1
| 30 || FW || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] || 12 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 29
|-
! 2
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] || 5 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || || 8
|-
! 3
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 7
|-
! 4
| 19 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 5
|-
!rowspan="5"| 5
| 6 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipankar Roy]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || || 2
|-
| 10 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipendu Biswas]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 22 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vimal Pariyar]] || 2 || 0 || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 23 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehtab Hossain]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 27 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Surkumar Singh]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
!rowspan="4"| 10
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jayanta Sen]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 15 || MF || {{flagicon|GHA}} || Ikechukwu Ibe Gift || || || || || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| 17 || DF || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Samed Abdul Awudu|Abdul Samad Okocha]] || 1 || || 0 || || || || 1
|-
| 37 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[MacDonald Mukansi]] || 0 || 1 || || || || || 1
|-
| colspan="5" | ''Own goals'' || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
! colspan="5"| Total || 30 || 17 || 11 || 0 || 1 || 5 || 64
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{East Bengal F.C.}}
{{2007–08 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2007-08 East Bengal F.C. season}}
[[Category:East Bengal Club seasons]]

Orphanage Polytechnic College

2026-03-17T10:18:12Z

Ayurtreatservices: redirected

#REDIRECT [[Department of Technical Education]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Phyllocnistis endoxa

2026-03-15T22:26:36Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding new stub

{{Short description|Species of moth}}

{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Phyllocnistis endoxa
| authority = ([[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1926)<ref name="GTD">[https://www.gracillariidae.net/species_by_code/PHYLENDO Phyllocnistis endoxa Meyrick, 1926] at the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera).</ref>
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Phyllocnistis endoxa''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Gracillariidae]], found in [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="GTD"/> The [[host plant]] for the species is ''[[Aporosa lindleyana]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7188707}}

[[Category:Phyllocnistis]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1926]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]

{{Phyllocnistis-stub}}

Emily Bayley

2026-03-04T22:56:47Z

Ayurtreatservices: started new stub!

{{Short description|English author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Emily Bayley
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Emily Anne Theophila Metcalfe
| birth_date = {{birth date|1830|8|31|df=y}}<ref name="birth">''India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786–1947''</ref>
| birth_place = [[Meerut]], [[Bengal]], British India<ref name="birth"/>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1911|3|6|1830|8|31|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ascot, Berkshire]], England
| known_for = Memoirist
| occupation =
| spouse = {{marriage|Sir [[Edward Clive Bayley]]|1850|1884|end=his death}}
| children = 11, including [[Georgiana Chapman]]
| parents = Grace ({{nee}} Clarke) and [[Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet]]
}}

'''Emily Anne Theophila, Lady Clive Bayley''' ({{nee}} '''Metcalfe'''; 31 August 1830 – 6 March 1911) was an English memoirist. A book of her reminiscences was published in 1980. Edited by [[M. M. Kaye]], it was called ''The Golden Calm: An English Lady's Life in Moghul Delhi: Reminiscences by Emily, Lady Clive Bayley, and by Her Father Sir Thomas Metcalfe''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bayley |first1=Lady Emily |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FwwAQAAIAAJ&q=The+Golden+Calm:+An+English+Lady's+Life+in+Moghul+Delhi:+Reminiscences+by+Emily,+Lady+Clive+Bayley |title=The Golden Calm: An English Lady's Life in Moghul Delhi : Reminiscences |last2=Metcalfe |first2=Sir Thomas |date=1980 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-34400-0 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1844, her father sent her an [[illustrated book]] that he had commissioned. Known as the [[Delhi Book]], it is currently housed in the [[British Museum]].

==Life==
Bayley was born in India, the daughter of Grace (born Clarke) and [[Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet]], a [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|British civil servant in India]]<ref name=page47>{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Tracy|title=The Afterlives of Monuments|chapter=The Lives and Afterlives of Charlotte, Lady Canning (1817–1861): Gender, Commemoration, and Narratives of Loss|date=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=47|isbn=9781317704515|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hD-DCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> known as the British Resident (de facto Ambassador).<ref name=book/> She was educated in England before rejoining her father in [[Delhi]] at the age of seventeen.
[[File:A_panorama_in_12_folds_showing_the_procession_of_the_Emperor_Bahadur_Shah_to_celebrate_the_feast_of_the_%27Id.,_1843.jpg|thumb|One of the illustrations from the book created by her father for her]]

Her father had built two houses called [[Metcalfe House]] in Delhi<ref name=page47/> and he created a book for her known as the [[Delhi Book]] which he had sent to her in 1844 while she was still in England.<ref name=book>{{Cite web |date=2003-08-16 |title=William Dalrymple on The Dehlie Book |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/aug/16/art.highereducation |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> This remained with her family after her death in 1911 until it was discovered by Lt.-Col. John Mildmay Ricketts M.C. The resulting book was built around the thoughts recorded by Emily's father and illustrated by the paintings he commissioned. This is in the British Museum. To this is added a narrative created by Emily Bayley and then these are then presented by the popular writer M. M. Kaye. in a contemporary book.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuller |first=Edward |date=22 December 1980 |title=review (as recorded by M M Kaye) |pages=https://www.mmkaye.com/ReviewGoldenCalm.html |work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

Bayley [[coin collecting|collected coins]], and sold 75 [[Coinage of India|Indian copper coins]] to the [[British Museum]] in 1889.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lady Emily Anne Theophila Bayley |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG8345 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref>

==Personal life ==

In 1850, Bayley married [[Edward Clive Bayley]]. He became Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] in 1877, and Emily became "Lady Clive Bayley". They had a family of one son and seven daughters. One of their daughters, [[Georgiana Chapman|Georgiana]] was a writer who helped with higher education for women in London.<ref name="ONB">{{cite ODNB |title=Chapman [née Bayley], Georgiana Charlotte Clive, Lady Chapman (1855–1941), college administrator |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/52742 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/52742 |access-date=11 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

She died at The Wilderness, her residence at [[Ascot, Berkshire]], aged 80.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title= Obituary: Lady Bayley |work=[[The Times]] |date=8 March 1911 |page=11 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayley, Emily}}
[[Category:1830 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English memoirists]]
[[Category:19th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:Daughters of baronets]]
[[Category:Wives of knights]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Victorian women writers]]
[[Category:Victorian writers]]
[[Category:English women memoirists]]
[[Category:English numismatists]]
[[Category:Women numismatists]]

Barindra Kumar Ghosh

2026-03-04T07:12:58Z

Ayurtreatservices: brief update details as per guidelines also and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Indian revolutionary and journalist}}
{{redirect|Barin Ghosh|the judge|Barin Ghosh (judge)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Barindra Kumar Ghosh
| image = Barindra Kumar Ghosh 01.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Barindra Kumar Ghosh
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|1|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Croydon]], [[Surrey]], [[England]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Sanjukta|last=Dasgupta|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/books-education/a-horrendous-tale-1502535075.html/amp|title=A horrendous tale|website=www.thestatesman.com|publisher=The Statesman|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1959|4|18|1880|1|5|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Revolutionary, journalist
| relatives = [[Sri Aurobindo]] (brother) [[Manmohan Ghose]] (brother)
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Barindra Kumar Ghosh''' or '''Barindra Ghosh''', or popularly '''Barin Ghosh''' (5 January 1880 – 18 April 1959), was an [[Indian Bengali]] revolutionary and journalist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Literature |date=February 1991 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1991 |isbn=9789995194093 |volume=2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=1399 |language=en|chapter-url=|publication-date=February 1991|via=[[Internet Archive]]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofin0002amar/page/n5/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1906, he founded the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] weekly ''[[Jugantar Patrika]]'' and later started a revolutionary group [[Jugantar|of the same name]] to further the revolutionary activities for the [[Indian independence movement|liberation of India]]. He was the younger brother of [[Sri Aurobindo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2023-12-21 |title=A chronicle of deportation and incarceration |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/miscellany/a-chronicle-of-deportation-and-incarceration-1503251892.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> In 1908, Barindra was arrested, along with his 33 co-workers, and sentenced to death. On appeal, he was sent to life imprisonment. After serving 10 years, he was released as part of [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms|Montague-Chelmsford reforms]].<ref name=":0" />

He later edited the Bengali weekly ''[[Bejoli]]'', the English weekly ''[[The Dawn of India]]'', and the Bengali daily ''[[Dainik Basumati]]''. Among his other notable works are ''[[The Tale of My Exile]]'' (1922), ''[[Pather Ingit (essay collection)|Pather Ingit]]'' (1930), and the memoir ''[[Barinder Atmakatha (book)|Barinder Atmakatha]]''.<ref name=":0" />

==Early life==
Barindra Ghosh was born on 5 January, 1880, at [[Croydon|Croydon,]] [[South London]], in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family. His ancestral village was at [[Konnagar]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] of present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref name = "Bandyopadhyay6">Bandyopadhyay, Amritalal, ''Rishi Aurobindo'', 1964, Biswas Publishing House, p. 6</ref> His father, Dr. Krishnadhan Ghosh, was a physician and district surgeon. His mother was Swarnalata, the daughter of [[Rajnarayan Basu]], an author and intellectual during the [[Bengal Renaissance]]. Barindra's elder brother was [[Sri Aurobindo]]. His second elder brother, [[Manmohan Ghose]], was an English literature scholar, a poet and English professor at [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] and at [[Dhaka University]]. He also had an elder sister named Sarojini Ghosh.

Barindranath attended school in [[Deoghar]], and after passing the entrance examination in 1901, joined [[Patna College]]. He received military training in [[Baroda]]. During this time, Barin was influenced by Aurobindo and drawn towards the revolutionary movement.

== Revolutionary activities ==
{{Main|Anushilan Samiti}}

In 1902, Barin came back to Calcutta ([[List of renamed places in India#West Bengal|known as Kolkata since 2001]]), and started organising several revolutionary groups in Bengal with the help of [[Jatindranath Banerjee]]. In 1906, he started publishing ''[[Jugantar Patrika|Jugantar]]'', a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] weekly and a revolutionary organisation named [[Jugantar]] soon followed. Jugantar was formed from the inner circle of [[Anushilan Samiti]] and it started preparation for armed militancy activities to oust British from Indian soil.

Barin and Jatindranath Mukherjee alias [[Bagha Jatin]] were instrumental in the recruitment of many young revolutionaries from across Bengal. The revolutionaries formed the Maniktala group in [[Maniktala]], Kolkata. It was a secret place where they started manufacturing bombs and collected arms and ammunition.

Following the attempted killing of Kingsford by two revolutionaries [[Khudiram Bose|Khudiram]] and [[Prafulla Chaki|Prafulla]] on 30 April 1908, the police intensified its investigation which led to the arrest of Barin and Aurobindo Ghosh on 2 May 1908, along with many of his comrades. The trial (known as the [[Alipore Bomb Case]]) initially sentenced Aurobindo Ghosh, Barin Ghosh and [[Ullaskar Dutta|Ullaskar Datta]] to death. However, the sentence was reduced to life imprisonment, by Deshbandhu [[Chittaranjan Das]] and Barin was deported to the [[Cellular Jail]] in [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] in 1909 along with other convicts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-19 |title=A revolutionary in exile |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/a-revolutionary-in-exile/article3013628.ece |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the [[Cellular Jail]], Barin Ghosh was locked up beside [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] and he successfully managed to flee [[Cellular Jail]] in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web |title=নারকেল পিষে রোজ ২৫ কেজি তেল বানাতে হত |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/they-had-to-make-25kg-oil-everyday-by-crushing-coconuts-1.657229 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> But British caught Barin Ghosh again from [[Puri]] after [[Balasore]] Battle with Bagha Jatin.

== Release and later activities ==
Barin Ghosh successfully escaped from [[Cellular Jail]] and was the only freedom fighter to do so in 1915. He was hiding in [[Puri]] during Battle of [[Balasore]], where Bagha Jatin fought the British. Barin Ghosh was caught again from Puri and sent to [[Cellular Jail]] in Andamans. He was kept under solitary confinement for 5 long years. During a general amnesty in 1920, Barin was released and returned to Kolkata to start a career in journalism. Soon he left journalism and formed an ''[[ashram]]'' in [[Kolkata]]. He published his memoirs "The Tale of my Exile – Twelve Years in Andamans".<ref name="barin">{{cite book|first=Barindra Kumar|last=Ghose|title=The tale of my exile - twelve years in Andamans|publisher=Arya Publications|year=1922|place=Pondicherry|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924031246410/cu31924031246410_djvu.txt}}</ref> In 1923, he left for [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] where his elder brother [[Sri Aurobindo|Aurobindo Ghosh]] had formed the [[Sri Aurobindo Ashram]]. He was influenced by Aurobindo towards spirituality and [[Sādhanā|Sadhana]]. Barin returned to [[Kolkata]] in 1929 and again took up journalism. In 1933 he started an English weekly, ''The Dawn of India''. He was associated with the newspaper ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'', and in 1950, he became the editor of the Bengali ''[[Dainik Basumati]]''. Around this time he got married. He died on 18 April 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |title=বারীন্দ্রকুমার ঘোষ |url=http://onushilon.org/corita/barindro-kumar-ghosh.htm |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=onushilon.org}}</ref>

==Works==
The following are books by Barindra Ghosh:
* ''Dvipantarer Banshi''
* ''Pather Ingit''
* ''Amar Atmakatha''
* ''Agnijug''
* ''Rishi Rajnarayan''
* ''The Tale of My Exile''
* ''Sri Aurobindo''<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংকলক |first=◄ ঘবারীন্দ্রকুমার ঘোষ জীবনী উপাত্ত |title=বারীন্দ্রকুমার ঘোষ - উইকিসংকলন একটি মুক্ত পাঠাগার |url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%95:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=bn.wikisource.org |language=bn}}</ref>

Other books
* Barindrakumar Ghosh, ''Pather Ingit'', Calcutta, 1337 ([[Bengali calendar|Bengali year]]).
* Upendra Nath Bandyopadhyaya, ''Nirbasiter Atmakatha'', Calcutta, 1352 ([[Bengali calendars|Bengali year]]).
* RC Majumdar, ''History of the Freedom Movement in India'', II, Calcutta, 1963.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Barindra Kumar Ghosh}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Barindra Kumar}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]

Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)

2026-03-04T03:59:25Z

Ayurtreatservices: updated details

{{short description|1962 film}}
{{About|1962 psychological thriller film|1989 horror film|Bees Saal Baad (1989 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Bees Saal Baad}}
| image = Bees Saal Baad 1962 poster.jpg

| caption =
| director = [[Biren Nag]]
| producer = [[Hemanta Mukherjee|Hemant Kumar]]
| writer = Devkishen (dialogue)
| screenplay =[[Dhruva Chatterjee]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]''|[[Arthur Conan Doyle]]}},
''Nishithini Bivishika'' (novel) by [[Hemendra Kumar Roy]]
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Biswajeet]]|[[Waheeda Rehman]]|[[Madan Puri]]|[[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]]}}
| music = [[Hemant Kumar]]
| cinematography = Marshall Braganza
| editing = Keshav Nanda
| studio = Geetanjali Pictures
| distributor = Geetanjali Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1962|01|01|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|30 million}}<ref>[
https://web.archive.org/web/20100102012353/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg== website]
</ref>
<ref name="BOI"/>
}}

'''{{Lang|hi-latn|Bees Saal Baad}}''' ({{translation|Twenty Years Later}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[psychological thriller]] film. It was directed by [[Biren Nag]] and produced by [[Hemanta Mukherjee|Hemant Kumar]], who also composed the music and sang some of the songs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|date=2009-09-10|title=Bees Saal Baad (1962)|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Bees-Saal-Baad-1962/article16880458.ece|access-date=2021-12-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film marks the directorial debut of Biren Nag, and stars [[Biswajeet|Biswajeet (this was his first Hindi film)]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], [[Madan Puri]], Sajjan and Asit Sen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bees Saal Baad (1962) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bees-saal-baad-2937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202194208/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bees-saal-baad-2937|url-status=live|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=2021-12-19|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

The film is a remake of the 1951 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] thriller ''[[Jighansa]]'', which itself is based on [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' as well as loosely based on [[Hemendra Kumar Roy]]'s novel ''Nishithini Bivishika''.<ref name="encyc">{{cite book|last=Chatterjee|first=ed. board Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema|year=2003|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=659|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&q=Bees+saal+baad+hound+of+baskervilles}}</ref> The film topped the box office chart in 1962, becoming a "super hit."<ref name="BOI">[http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg== BoxOffice India.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021831/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg%3D%3D |date=22 September 2012 }}</ref> The film became very popular for the song "[[Kahin Deep Jale]]", sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and written by [[Shakeel Badayuni]] for which they won Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer and Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist respectively.<ref name=Lata>{{cite book|last=Bhimani|first=Harish|title=In search of Lata Mangeshkar|year=1995|publisher=Indus|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7223-170-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaafAAAAMAAJ&q=Bees+saal+baad+hemant}}</ref>

==Plot==
After a lustful [[Thakur (Indian title)|Thakur]] in the village of Chandanghat rapes a young girl, she kills herself. Thereafter, the Thakur is killed by what the local people call the girl's [[vengeful spirit]]. Then the Thakur's son is also reportedly killed by the same spirit. Twenty years after the Thakur's death, his grandson Kumar comes to the village and is warned by the locals that the spirit will kill him as well, but he does not believe them. He hears the singing voice of the supposed spirit the first night from the swamp. The next day as he wakes up, he finds out about Radha, a carefree girl, who is the niece of an old man, Ramlal.

The singing continues the second night, but Kumar is unable to find the identity of the girl singing the song. He notices that there is a source of light in his house on the terrace. The next day, Kumar finds that his coat is lost. The news reaches Radha that Kumar has been killed. Radha does not believe this and runs into the forest, where Kumar comes in front of her. He says it was not he that was killed, but another man wearing his suit. He was killed in the swamp under the same tree where his father and grandfather were killed.

Later that night, Kumar sees Laxman, his servant arguing with a girl. Upon enquiring, Laxman explains that the man who was killed under the tree was none other than his sister's husband. Laxman used to give a signal from the roof (terrace) of the house occasionally to his fugitive brother-in-law, using the light from his lantern, after which that man would come to the house for supplies. Since the fugitive needed a coat, Laxman has stolen Kumar's coat and given it to him. Obviously, the "spirit" had chanced upon the fugitive in the forest, mistaken him for Kumar, and killed him. Radha strongly urges Kumar to leave the village and go back to town, since a person wearing his coat was killed by the spirit. Kumar refuses to leave.

Ramlal forbids his niece Radha to meet Kumar, since tongues in the village have begun to wag. Also, says Ramlal, Kumar is the grandson of a rapist and two generations of his family have met violent deaths; Kumar himself has been marked out by the spirit. Why get involved with him? Radha is deeply saddened after this conversation with her uncle. Seeing Radha so downcast, Ramlal tells her to call Kumar near the swamp where they will talk, and he will convince Kumar to leave the village. Kumar goes to the swamp, and the spirit tries to kill him, but he escapes. Radha finds out that the one who was pretending to be the spirit of the girl was none other than her uncle Ramlal. It was Ramlal's daughter who had been raped by Thakur, so he killed Thakur and Thakur's son and was trying to kill Thakur's grandson now. Police arrive and persuade Ramlal to surrender himself. Kumar and Radha meet each other and have a happy ending.

==Cast==
* [[Biswajeet|Biswajeet Chatterjee]] as Kumar Vijay Singh
* [[Waheeda Rehman]] as Radha
* [[Manmohan Krishna]] as Ramlal / Radheshyam
* [[Madan Puri]] as Dr. Pandey
* [[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Gopichand Jasoos
* [[Sajjan (Actor)|Sajjan]] as Detective Mohan Tripathi
* Lata Sinha
* Dev Kishan as Laxman

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Hemant Kumar]].
* "Bekarar Karke Hume" - [[Hemanta Mukherjee|Hemant Kumar]]
* "[[Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil]]" - [[Lata Mangeshkar]] ([[Raga]] [[Shivaranjani]])
* "Sapne Suhane" - Lata Mangeshkar
* "Yeh Mohabbat Mein" - Lata Mangeshkar
* "Zara Nazaron Se Kah Do Ji" - Hemant Kumar

==Awards and nominations==
;[[Filmfare Awards]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] - [[Shakeel Badayuni]] for the song "Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil"
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[Lata Mangeshkar]] for the song "Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil"
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] - Keshav Nanda
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]] - S. Y. Pathak
;;Nominations
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - [[Biren Nag]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - [[Hemanta Mukherjee|Hemant Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953 |access-date=6 December 2007 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0055783|Bees Saal Baad}}
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=vDk4Lq41UF4 {{Lang|hi-latn|Bees Saal Baad}}] on [[YouTube]] > [https://jeevanageetham.blogspot.com/2022/10/kahin-deep-jale-kahin-song-analysis.html Hindi songs Telugu philosophical translation]
* https://jeevanageetham.blogspot.com/2022/10/kahin-deep-jale-kahin-song-analysis.html

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1960s mystery films]]
[[Category:1960s psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:1962 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hemant Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in country houses]]
[[Category:Films set in swamps]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:1962 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films based on The Hound of the Baskervilles]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Hemendra Kumar Roy]]

Sweety Nanna Jodi

2026-03-03T21:35:25Z

Ayurtreatservices: details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sweety Nanna Jodi
| image = Sweety Nanna Jodi.jpg
| director = [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]]
| writer = Ramani
| producer = [[Radhika Kumaraswamy]]
| starring = [[Auditya]] Radhika Kumaraswamy [[Ramya Krishna]]
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Ajay Vincent
| editing = B S Kemparaju
| studio = Shamika Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|2013|11|8|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Sweety Nanna Jodi''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Kannada]] [[romance film]] directed by [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]] and produced by [[Radhika Kumaraswamy]] under her home banner Shamika Enterprises. The film stars [[Auditya]] and Radhika in the lead roles. It marks Radhika's comeback to films after a 5-year hiatus,<ref>{{cite news |title= Radhika Kumaraswamy's comeback almost complete |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-13/news-interviews/36310604_1_radhika-kumaraswamy-comeback-film-kodi-ramakrishna |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131110205805/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-13/news-interviews/36310604_1_radhika-kumaraswamy-comeback-film-kodi-ramakrishna |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2013-11-10 |date= 2013-01-13 |work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date= 2013-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131114/entertainment-sandalwood/article/i-havent-changed-even-bit-radhika-kumaraswamy|title=I haven't changed even a bit: Radhika Kumaraswamy|last=Chakpak|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=14 November 2013|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905170506/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131114/entertainment-sandalwood/article/i-havent-changed-even-bit-radhika-kumaraswamy|url-status=live}}</ref> partly to spend more time with her young daughter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-11-21 |title=I'm Mrs Kumaraswamy: Radhika |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/im-mrs-kumaraswamy-radhika/articleshow/6960093.cms? |access-date=2025-10-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Plot==

This film is about a corporate love between the main characters.

==Cast==
* [[Auditya]] as Siddharth
* [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]] as Priya
* [[Ramya Krishna]] as Vasundhara Devi
* [[Girish Karnad]] as Priya's father
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Siddharth's father
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Jayadev Mohan]]
* [[Rekha Das]]
* [[Tabla Nani]]
* [[Saurav Lokesh (Bhajarangi Loki)|Saurav Lokesh]]

== Production ==
The title of the film is based on a song from ''[[Bhaari Bharjari Bete|Bharjari Bete]]'' (1981).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sweety-nanna-jodi-inspired-from-bhajari-bete-song/articleshow/23295918.cms|title=Sweety Nanna Jodi inspired from Bhajari Bete song|date=30 September 2013|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905170359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sweety-nanna-jodi-inspired-from-bhajari-bete-song/articleshow/23295918.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A song was shot in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sweety-nanna-jodi-team-in-kashmir/articleshow/19573792.cms|title=Sweety Nanna Jodi team in Kashmir|date=16 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|last=Joy|first=Pratibha|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905171932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sweety-nanna-jodi-team-in-kashmir/articleshow/19573792.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by [[Arjun Janya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mio.to/album/31-Kannada_Movie_Songs/259687-Sweety_Nanna_Jodi__2013_/#/album/31-Kannada_Movie_Songs/259687-Sweety_Nanna_Jodi__2013_/ |title=Sweety Nanna Jodi movie songs |access-date=5 September 2013 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228092716/http://mio.to/album/31-Kannada_Movie_Songs/259687-Sweety_Nanna_Jodi__2013_#/album/31-Kannada_Movie_Songs/259687-Sweety_Nanna_Jodi__2013_/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Sweety Nanna Jodi
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2013|7|12|df=yes}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:12
| label = SounDesign
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| total_length = 29:12
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hesarenu
| lyrics1 = Shivanange Gowda
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length1 = 4:37
| title2 = CD Madi Kodri
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra2 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length2 = 4:29
| title3 = I Wanna Sing A Songu
| lyrics3 = Chethan Kumar
| extra3 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 = 4:21
| title4 = Manave
| extra4 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| lyrics4 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length4 = 4:45
| title5 = Sumne Nee Ninthka
| extra5 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| lyrics5 = Chandan Shetty
| length5 = 4:30
| title6 = Sobaane Yenni
| extra6 = Anuradha Bhat, Meghana Hebbar
| lyrics6 = Doddarange Gowda
| length6 = 2:11
| title7 = Engagementu Ringu
| lyrics7 = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], Sangeetha
| extra7 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| length7 = 4:19
}}

== Release ==
=== Critical reception ===
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Aditya excels in emotional sequences but it is Ramya Krishna who steals the show with her brilliant performance".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sweety-nanna-jodi/movie-review/25542592.cms|title=SWEETY NANNA JODI MOVIE REVIEW|date=14 May 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905172011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sweety-nanna-jodi/movie-review/25542592.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that "Apart from 'Sweety Nanna Jodi' being an attempt to relaunch the actress in the lead, the film itself has nothing new to offer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131113/entertainment-sandalwood/article/great-comeback-predictable-film|title=A great comeback, but a predictable film|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|first=Shashiprasad|last=S. M.|date=18 March 2019|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905171936/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131113/entertainment-sandalwood/article/great-comeback-predictable-film|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3119050|Sweety Nanna Jodi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sweety Nanna Jodi}}
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:2013 romance films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijayalakshmi Singh]]

Chhorii 2

2026-03-02T04:59:01Z

Ayurtreatservices: started post

{{short description|2025 Indian horror film by Vishal Furia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chhorii 2
| image = Chhorii2 poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Vishal Furia
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] Vikram Malhotra Jack Davis
| writer = Vishal Furia Ajit Jagtap
| starring = [[Nushrratt Bharuccha]] [[Soha Ali Khan]] [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
| cinematography = Anshul Chobey
| editing = Abhishek Ojha
| music =
| studio = [[T-Series Films]] Abundantia Entertainment Pshych Film Tamarisk Lane
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|04|11}}
| runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhorii 2 (2025)|url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTI0MDEyMDI1MDAyNjM= |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Chhorii 2''''' ({{translation|Girl 2}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[horror film]] directed by Vishal Furia and produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], Vikram Malhotra and Jack Davis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chhorii sequel in the works with Vishal Furia, Nushrratt Bharuccha set to return|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chhorii-sequel-vishal-furia-nushrratt-bharuccha-7675579/|date=16 December 2021|work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 March 2025|archive-date=20 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520191142/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chhorii-sequel-vishal-furia-nushrratt-bharuccha-7675579/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nushrratt Bharuccha and Vishal Furia to return with Chhorii 2|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nushrratt-bharuccha-and-vishal-furia-to-return-with-chhorii-2/|date=16 December 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref> A sequel to ''[[Chhorii]]'' (2021), the film features [[Nushrratt Bharuccha]] in the lead role, alongside [[Soha Ali Khan]], [[Gashmeer Mahajani]] and Saurabh Goyal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/chhorii-2-teaser-nushrratt-bharuccha-vs-supernatural-forces-prime-video-2698705-2025-03-25|title=Chhorii 2 teaser: It is Nushrratt Bharuccha vs supernatural forces once again|work=India Today|date=25 March 2025|access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nushrratt-bharuccha-and-soha-ali-khans-chhorii-2-teaser-hints-at-a-more-sinister-tale-9904840/|title=Nushrratt Bharuccha and Soha Ali Khan-starrer Chhorii 2's teaser hints at a more sinister tale |date=25 March 2025 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-chhorii-2-teaser-review-nushrratt-bharuccha-s-horror-universe-gets-darker-intense-with-soha-ali-khan-s-addition-3140936 |title=Chhorii 2 Teaser review: Nushrratt Bharuccha's horror universe gets darker, intense with Soha Ali Khan's addition|date=25 March 2025 |work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=25 March 2025}}</ref> The film was premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 11 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2025|title=Nushrratt Bharuccha starrer horror thriller Chhorii 2 to stream on Prime Video from April 11|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nushrratt-bharuccha-starrer-horror-thriller-chhorii-2-stream-prime-video-april-11/|access-date=25 March 2025}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story picks up seven years after the events of the first film. Sakshi lives with her now seven-year-old daughter Ishani and Inspector Samar.

Ishani suffers from a rare condition that makes sunlight lethal to her — a protection by design to shield her from dark forces. Ishani is suddenly kidnapped by sinister villagers linked to her mother's ex-husband, Rajbir’s village cult. Sakshi and Inspector Samar return to the haunted sugarcane fields and the cursed village to save her daughter and confront supernatural threats.

They uncover the cult led by a shape-shifting high-priestess, Daasi Maa, and patriarchal elders engaged in child marriage and sacrificial rituals for immortality. Sakshi discovers eerie underground labyrinths where young brides are imprisoned and exploited. Amidst the scenario, she discovers Rani, who gets killed and dragged away by the still-alive Rajbir. The latter whips Sakshi unconscious and leaves her in the spiraling staircase of a well.

When Rajbir returns to drag away Sakshi's body, assuming her to be dead, he is killed by Sakshi, who is possessed by the spirits of Rani and all the murdered women. After this, Sakshi goes to the well to rescue Ishani while Samar fends off the rest of the cult. In the following chaos, Sakshi evokes a change in Daasi Maa's mindset for the better and manages to rescue Ishani, but ends up battling a half-human, cave-dwelling monster that sustains itself by preying on young girls (the creature for which all the sacrificial rituals were done). The reformed Daasi Maa also helps Sakshi by distracting the monster with her shape-shifted form.

Ishani is sent to safety under Daasi Maa’s care, but Sakshi is pulled back into the well by the monster using chains and remains trapped underground, gearing up for what appears to be another showdown (potentially leading to another sequel).

==Cast==
* [[Nushrratt Bharuccha]] as Sakshi
* [[Soha Ali Khan]] as Daasi Maa
* [[Gashmeer Mahajani]] as Inspector Samar
* [[Rajesh Jais]] as Kajla
* Kuldeep Sareen as Taau
* Saurabh Goyal as Rajbir
* Pallavi Ajay as Rani Maa
* Hardika Sharma as Ishani
* Mukul Shrivastava as Pradhaan Ji
* Aarifa Siddiqui as Shaleen

==Production==
The [[principal photography]] started on 30 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Nushrratt Bharuccha starts filming for 'Chhorii 3', Soha Ali Khan joins cast|work=The Print |url=https://www.theprint.in/feature/nushrratt-bharuccha-starts-filming-for-chhorii-2-soha-ali-khan-joins-cast/1242999/ |access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref> The film was [[wrap (filming)|wrapped up]] on 8 February 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nushrratt-bharuccha-wraps-chhorii-2-shares-first-glimpse-soha-ali-khans-look-see-photos/|title=Nushrratt Bharuccha wraps Chhorii 2, shares first glimpse of Soha Ali Khan's look|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 February 2023|access-date=27 March 2025|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618063627/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nushrratt-bharuccha-wraps-chhorii-2-shares-first-glimpse-soha-ali-khans-look-see-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 11 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramachandran | first=Naman | title=Indian Horror Sequel 'Chhorii 2' Sets Prime Video Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) | url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/indian-horror-sequel-chhorii-2-prime-video-premiere-1236346219/ | website=Variety | date=25 March 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' observed that "Despite its mood-lullaby vibe, Chhorii 2 resembles a curated museum exhibit of go-girl tropes. It’s all too familiar. And if Vishal Furia’s horror film were a person, it’d be a [[gender studies]] student on a gap year."<ref>{{cite web | last=Desai| first=Rahul| title='Chhorii 2' Movie Review: A Feminism-for-Dummies Horror sequal| url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/chhorii-2-movie-review-a-feminism-for-dummies-horror-sequel| website=The Hollywood Reporter India| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
[[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[rediff.com]]'' rated 1.5/5 stars and said that "Chhorii 2 frustrates way more than it frightens".<ref>{{cite web | last=Verma| first=Sukanya| title=Chhorii 2 Review: Sigh. Lost Cause| url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/chhorii-2-review/20250411.htm| website=rediff.com| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that "A socially charged horror tale packed with unnerving visuals and strong performances makes this a gripping watch from start to end."<ref>{{cite web | last=Roy | first=Dhaval| title=Chhorii 2 Review : Fear, folklore, and a social message up the scare game | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/chhorii-2/ottmoviereview/120171638.cms| website=The Times of India | date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and she observed that "The film struggles to deliver the intended chills, leading to a lacklustre experience."<ref>{{cite web | last=Farzeen | first=Sana| title=Chhorii 2 review: Nushrratt-Soha's film fights social evils but where's the scare?| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/chhorii-2-review-nushrratt-bharuccha-soha-ali-khan-film-fights-social-evils-but-wheres-the-scare-2707343-2025-04-11| website=India Today | date=11 April 2025}}</ref>

Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.5 stars and said "The intent is right and the theme is correct. The visuals are effective even if the execution falters".<ref>{{cite web | last=Mathur| first=Vinamra| title=Chhorii 2 movie review: Nushrratt Bharuccha and Soha Ali Khan battle out in this innocuous horror-thriller| url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chhorii-2-movie-review-nushrratt-bharuccha-and-soha-ali-khan-battle-out-in-this-innocuous-horror-thriller-13878898.html| website=Firstpost| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Udita Jhunjhunwala of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' commented that "The film’s themes include blind faith and fierce misogyny. After a great deal of blood, tears and screams, the emotional and disturbing core of Chhorii 2 is somewhat outdone by its focus on motifs, message and technique."<ref>{{cite web | last=Jhunjhunwala| first=Udita| title='Chhorii 2' review: A well-crafted and performed scarefest about horrors old and new| url=https://scroll.in/reel/1081074/chhorii-2-review-a-well-crafted-and-performed-scarefest-about-horrors-old-and-new| website=Scroll.in| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>

Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and commeneted that "Chorii 2 is an atmospheric horror film that strikes a blow against patriarchy."<ref>{{cite web | last=Sharma| first=Devesh| title=Chhorii 2 Review: Nushrratt Bharuccha Makes Her Presence Felt| url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/chhorii-2-review-nushrratt-bharuccha-makes-her-presence-felt-72891.html| website=Filmfare| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Shubham Kulkarni of ''[[OTT Play]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and said, "Chhorii 2 is much better than a lot of massive star vehicles set on monstrous budgets."<ref>{{cite web | last=Kulkarni| first=Shubham| title=Chhorii 2 Review: Nushrratt Bharuccha's sequel settles for safe over scary| url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/chhorii-2-review-nushrratt-bharucchas-sequel-settles-for-safe-over-scary/f7276f9f2d713| website=OTT Play| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
A critic from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and said that "CHHORII 2 rests on fine performances and a strong message but suffers due to a weak script, underwhelming climax and tacky VFX".<ref>{{cite web | last=Hungama| first=Bollywood| title=Chhorii 2 Movie Review: Despite fine performances CHHORII 2 suffers from a weak script.
| url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chhorii-2/critic-review/chhorii-2-movie-review/despite-fine-performances-chhorii-2-suffers-from-a-weak-script/| website=Bollywood Hungama| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Soumyabrata Gupta ''[[Times Now]]'' observed that "The Film lacks in using tropes of the genre to its fullest, becoming preachy rather than a terrifying watch."<ref>{{cite web | last=Soumyabrata| first=Gupta| title=Chhorii 2 Movie Review: Nushrratt Bharuccha, Soha Ali Khan Horror Sequel Is Anything But Horrifying
| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/chhorii-2-movie-review-nushrratt-bharuccha-soha-ali-khan-horror-sequel-review-151391921| website=Times Now| date=11 April 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt16436848}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama title|chhorii-2}}

[[Category:2025 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 horror films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Amit Trivedi]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]

Murder at Teesri Manzil 302

2026-03-02T04:29:29Z

Ayurtreatservices: added info

{{Short description|2021 Indian Hindi-language murder mystery film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Murder at Teesri Manzil 302
| image = Murder At Teesri Manzil 302.jpg
| alt = Murder at Teesri Manzil 302
| caption = Release poster
| director = Navneet Baj Saini
| producer = Asif Shaikh
| writer = Navneet - Vishal
| starring = [[Irrfan Khan]] [[Ranvir Shorey]] [[Deepal Shaw]] [[Lucky Ali]] [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Sajid-Wajid]] '''Background Score:''' [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]
| cinematography = Ravi Walia
| editing = Irfan Ishak
| studio = Quantum films ltd. Practical Productions
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|12|31}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross =
}}

'''''Murder at Teesri Manzil 302''''' is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language [[murder mystery]] film directed by Navneet Baj Saini, starring [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Deepal Shaw]] and [[Lucky Ali]]. The film was stuck in [[production hell]] after its completion in the year 2009. Termed as one among Khan's unreleased films, finally premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 31 December 2021, but with poor reviews. It marks a posthumous appearance for Khan following his death on 29 April 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Murder At Teesri Manzil 302 movie review: Jaw-droppingly bad Irrfan Khan film that was best left unreleased |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-movie-review-irrfan-khan-film-unreleased-film-7699665/ |access-date=1 January 2022 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=31 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=irfan>{{cite news |last1=Khurana |first1=Archika |title=Reviews - Murder At Teesri Manzil 302 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302/ottmoviereview/88596030.cms |access-date=1 January 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=irfan2>{{cite news |last1=Bhaskaran |first1=Gautaman |title=Murder at Teesri Manzil 302 Review: Late Irrfan Khan Lights Up the Screen with His Charming Presence |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-review-late-irrfan-khan-lights-up-the-screen-with-his-charming-presence-4609157.html |access-date=1 January 2022 |publisher=[[News 18]] |date=31 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Vishnu |title=14 साल बाद रिलीज हुई इरफान की आखिरी फिल्म, विलेन के रूप में दिखे काफी दमदार |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/movie-review/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-movie-review-irrfan-khan-last-movie-released/1059892 |access-date=1 January 2022 |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=31 December 2021}}</ref>

==Plot==
A wealthy businessman's wife mysteriously disappears, and a team of investigating officers embark on a search for her. Will they be able to decipher what's going on?

== Cast ==
*[[Irrfan Khan]] as Shekhar Sharma (Sheky)
*[[Ranvir Shorey]] as Abhishek Deewan
*[[Deepal Shaw]] as Maya Deewan
*[[Lucky Ali]] as Inspector Tejendra Singh
*[[Nausheen Ali Sardar]]

==Production==
The film began production in 2008, was completed in 2009 but was shelved for years until it premiered through [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Irrfan's Murder at Teesri Manzil 302, Sanjay Mishra's Turtle and Waah Zindagi to stream on Zee5 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/irrfan-s-murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-sanjay-mishra-s-turtle-and-waah-zindagi-to-stream-on-zee5-1894127-2021-12-30 |access-date=1 January 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Irrfan Khan's Long-Delayed Film 'Murder At Teesri Manzil 302' To Finally Release On OTT |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-irrfan-khans-long-delayed-film-murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-to-finally-release-on-ott/407083 |access-date=1 January 2022 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{empty section|date=November 2024}}

== Reception ==
Archika Khurana of [[The Times of India]] wrote, "In a nutshell, ‘Murder At Teesri Manzil 302’ will undoubtedly make you nostalgic for the late Irrfan Khan, but it’s definitely not one of his best films to remember."<ref name=irfan/> Gautaman Bhaskaran of [[News18]] wrote, "Shot in the exotic locales of Bangkok and Pattaya, the film had remained in the cans for 14 years, and it is not clear why it chose to emerge now. Obviously, the direction and execution seem somewhat outdated, and it is not surprising that the thriller should face obstacles; its pace is broken by songs and dances. Totally needless."<ref name=irfan2/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|16750728}}

[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]

Sudhakar Singh (Bihar politician)

2026-02-28T01:27:53Z

Ayurtreatservices: new basic biography needs work - done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sudhakar Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|01|02}}<ref>{{cite web |title=MLA Date of Births |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| residence = Sahuka, Ramgarh,Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]]
| successor =
| office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Ramgarh, Kaimur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ramgarh]]
| party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| occupation = Politics
| term_start1 = 10 November 2020
| term_end1 = 4 June 2024
| predecessor1 = Ashok Kumar Singh
| successor1 = [[Ashok Kumar Singh (Ramgarh)|Ashok Kumar Singh]]
| otherparty = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|source= <ref name="Sudhakar Singh">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Sudhakar Singh |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5634 |access-date=6 December 2025 |work= |publisher=Digital Sansad |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206073357/https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5634 |archive-date=6 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''Sudhakar Singh''' is an Indian politician from the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], and a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] representing [[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]] in Bihar, India and former Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/elections/buxar-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-lok-sabha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mp-margin-8916683.html|title=Buxar Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Sudhakar Singh of RJD Wins
|website=www.news18.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/buxar-lok-sabha-election-result-75/|title=Buxar Lok Sabha Election Result 2024
|website=www.oneindia.com}}</ref>

Sudhakar Singh is son of RJD state president [[Jagada Nand Singh]]. Singh hails from the [[Mahror]] branch of [[Rajput]] clan. Singh is a graduate from [[Kirori Mal College]]. He also runs educational institutions in Bihar.
Singh won the [[Ramgarh, Kaimur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ramgarh]] on [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] ticket in the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sudhakar Singh Ramgarh Candidate|url=https://www.news18.com/bihar-assembly-elections-2020/sudhakar-singh-ramgarh-candidate-s04a203c03/|website=News 18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Candidate Profile|url=https://myneta.info/bih2010/candidate.php?candidate_id=2444|website=Myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA/Know your MLA |url=https://www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in}}</ref>

In [[2024 lok sabha election]], Singh won with 438345. He defeated BJP's [[Mithlesh Tiwari]] by 30,091 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buxar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/buxar-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary Constituency 33 - Buxar (Bihar) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS0433.htm |website=ECI.gov}}</ref><ref name="Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas">{{cite news|title=Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|accessdate=25 March 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325141549/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|archivedate=25 March 2025|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sudhakar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Basak (surname)

2026-02-26T14:29:16Z

Ayurtreatservices: added references

{{Infobox surname
|name = Basak
|pronunciation =
|image =
|caption =
|meaning =
|region = [[Bengal]]
|origin = [[Bengali Hindu]]
|variant =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Basak''' or '''Bosak''' ({{langx|bn|বসাক}}) is a [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] [[surname]] that is found among the [[Bengalis]] of [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] as well as in [[Bangladesh]]. The surname is mainly used by the higher class [[Tanti]]s of [[Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Jogendra Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Basak+|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems|date=1896|page=230|publisher=Thacker, Spink|language=en|access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref> In [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]], this surname is written as Basak while in some districts of Bihar as Basak or Bosak. The name is also spelt Bysack or Basacks by different families.

==Geographical distribution==
As of 2014, 58.5% of all known Basaks were residents of India and 30.1% were residents of [[Bangladesh]]. In India, the frequency of the name was higher than national average in:<ref name="basak2014">[http://forebears.co.uk/surnames/basak#surnames Basak Surname Distribution]</ref>
*[[West Bengal]] (1: 717)
*[[Tripura]] (1: 1,334)

==Notable individuals==
* [[Subimal Basak]], Indian fiction writer
* [[Gour Das Bysack]], Bengali writer
* [[Netai Chand Bysack]] (1921–2005), Indian cyclist
* [[Arun Kumar Basak]] (born 1941), Bangladeshi physicist
* [[Jharna Basak]] (born 1946), Bangladeshi actress
* [[Soumen Basak]], Indian immunologist and virologist
* [[Birendra Basak]] (1912–?), Indian water polo player
* [[Biren Kumar Basak]] (born 1951), Indian handloom weaver from the Nadia district
* [[Nani Bashak]] (1917–1996), Bangladeshi football referee and coach
* [[Shyamal Bashak]] (born 1967), Bangladeshi artist
* [[Krishnalal Bysack]], Indian circus performer and entrepreneur
* [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] (born 1997), Indian cricketer

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Surname}}
[[Category:Bengali Hindu surnames]]

Izaz Ali Amrohi

2026-02-25T18:19:45Z

Ayurtreatservices: made initial biography with sources...

{{short description|Indian Sunni Muslim scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|religion= [[Islam]]
|honorific_prefix = {{small|Shaykh al-Adab wal Fiqh}}
|name = Izaz Ali Amrohi
|image = The Inscription on the grave of Shaikhul Adab Wal Fiqh Maulana Muḥammad I‘zaz Alī Amrohvi.jpg
|caption = Inscription on Izaz Ali Amrohi's grave in the [[Mazar-e-Qasmi|Qasmi Cemetery]] in Deoband
|title=
|birth_date = November 1882
|birth_place = [[Amroha]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date = {{death year and age|1955|1882}}
|death_place = [[Deoband]], India
|resting_place = [[Mazar-e-Qasmi]], Deoband
|region = [[India]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
|jurisprudence = Hanafi
|movement = Deobandi
|main_interests = [[Arabic literature]], [[Fiqh]]
|notable_works= ''Nafhat al-Arab'', ''al-Ahadith al-mawdu’ah''
|alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|occupation = Jurist
|influenced = [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]], [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Nur Uddin Gohorpuri]]
|office1 = 2nd Head Mufti of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|term1 = 1928 to 1929
|predecessor1 = [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]]
|successor1 = Riyazuddin Bijnori
|office2 = 9th Head Mufti of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|term2 = 1944 to 1946
|predecessor2 = Farooq Ahmad
|successor2 = [[Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri]]
|students=[[Shah Abdul Wahhab (scholar, born 1894)|Shah Abdul Wahhab]] [[Shamsul Haque Faridpuri]] [[Abul Hasan Jashori]] [[Qazi Mu'tasim Billah]] [[Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri]] [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
}}
'''Izaz Ali Amrohi''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|اعزاز علی امروہوی}}}}; November 1882 – 1955) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Islamic scholar]] who served as the second and ninth Head Mufti of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. His book ''Nafahtul Arab'' is taught in madrassas including the Darul Uloom Deoband.

==Biography==
Izaz Ali Amrohi was born in November 1882 in [[Amroha]], into the [[Kamboh Nawabs of Meerut|Kamboh Nawab]] family.<ref name="halaat2"/><ref name="asir">{{cite book |author1=Asir Adrawi |author-link1=Asir Adrawi |title=Tadhkirah Mashahir-e-Hind: Karwan-e-Rafta |publisher=Darul Muallifeen |location=[[Deoband]] |pages=37–38 |edition=2 April 2016 |language=ur}}</ref> He studied [[Quran]] with Qutbuddin, and memorized it under the supervision of Hafiz Sharfuddin. He learnt [[Persian language|Persian]] from his father and studied primary books of [[dars-e-nizami]] at Madrasa Arbi Gulshan Faiz in [[Tilhar]] with Maqsood Ali Khan. He then moved to Madrasa Ayn-ul-Ilm, where he studied ''Mulla Jami'' and ''Kanzud Daqaiq'' with Qari Basheer Ahmad and Persian and Fiqh books such as ''Sharah Wiqayah'' with [[Kifayatullah Dihlawi]].<ref name="halaat2">{{cite book |author1=Muhammad Haneef Gangohi |title=Halaat Musannifeen Dars e Nizami |publisher=[[Karachi]], Darul Ishaat |pages=246–251 |edition=March 2000 |url=https://archive.org/download/HalaatMusannifeenEDarsENizamiByShaykhMuhammadHaneefGangohi/Halaat%20Musannifeen%20-e-%20Dars%20-e-%20Nizami%20By%20Shaykh%20Muhammad%20Haneef%20Gangohi.pdf |access-date=21 March 2020 |language=ur |chapter=Sahib-e-Nafhatul Arab}}</ref> At the request of Qari Basheer Ahmad and Kifayatullah Dihlawi, Ali moved to the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] where he studied with [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]], the then vice chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and [[Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri]].<ref name="halaat2" />

Ali was about to complete one year in Deoband, that he travelled to Meerut, where he met [[Aashiq Elahi Meerthi]]. At Meerthi's request, he stayed at Meerut and studied the books of "aruuz" and "usool" with him, while books of logic, philosophy, and the books of [[Kutub al-Sittah]], except ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'' with Abdul Momin Deobandi.<ref name="halaat2" /> He moved to Deoband again and studied ''Sahih Bukhari'', ''Tirmidhi'', ''Sunan Abu Dawud'' and ''Baydawi'' with [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]. Ali specialized in [[Islamic jurisprudence]] under [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and studied [[Arabic]] literature with Muizuddin Ahmad.<ref name="halaat2" /> He graduated from the Darul Uloom Deoband in 1903.<ref name="mahbub">{{cite book |author1=[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Maulana Mehboob Rizwi]] |translator=Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] (Volume 2) |publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |pages=63–66, 187–189 |date=1981 |language=en}}</ref>

After his graduation from the Darul Uloom Deoband, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi sent him to Madrassa Nomaniyah, in Pureni, [[Bhagalpur]] where he taught for over seven years. Then he moved to [[Shahjahanpur]] and established Afzal al-Madaris in a mosque where he taught for nearly three years without taking any fees. Ali was appointed a teacher in the Darul Uloom Deoband in 1911, where he taught elementary books of Arabic such as ''Ilm al-Sigha'', ''Nur al-Izah'' during the first year. His academic career in the Darul Uloom lasted for over 44 years.<ref name="mahbub" /> He served as the Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband twice: first time from 1928 to 1929 and second time from 1944 to 1946 and about 24,855 [[fatwa]]s were written under his authority. He taught ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' in the absence of [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] and in the last phase of his life, he also taught the second volume of ''[[Tirmidhi]]'' for several years.<ref name="mahbub" /> His students include [[Muhammad Shafi]],<ref name="akabir">{{cite book |author1=[[Taqi Usmani]] |title=Akabir-e-Deoband Kya Thy |publisher=Zamzam Book Depot, [[Deoband]] |page=71 |edition=May 1995 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=حیات مفتی اعظم / Ḥayāt-i Muftī-yi A'ẓam|author=Muhammad Rafi Usmani|date=May 2005|orig-year=First published 1994|publisher=ادارة المعارف / Idāratul-Ma‘ārif|location=Karachi|language=ur}}</ref> [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]],<ref name="ilmgate">{{cite web |author1=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi |title=Mawlana Anzar Shah Kashmiri: A Tribute to His Life and Services |url=http://www.ilmgate.org/mawlana-anzar-shah-kashmiri-a-tribute-to-his-life-and-services/ |website=IlmGate.org |date=28 October 2010 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]]<ref name="obituary">{{cite web |title=Obituary: Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi, an ocean of knowledge |url=http://twocircles.net/2018apr28/422881.html |website=TwoCircles.net |date=28 April 2018 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> and [[Rasheed Ahmad Ludhianvi]].<ref name="uloom">{{cite web |last1=Nawhami |first1=Muhammad Saifur Rahman |title=Ludhyanwi, Rashid Ahmad - d. 1422 |url=https://uloom.com/dibaj/article/121011501 |website=Uloom.com |publisher=Uloom |access-date=21 March 2020 |location=London |archive-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321133738/https://uloom.com/dibaj/article/121011501 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Ali died in 1955 and was buried in Qasmi graveyard of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="mahbub" /> His student Anzar Shah Kashmiri has written his biography, entitled ''Tadhkiratul Izaz''.<ref name="halat">{{Cite book|title=Halaat Musannifeen Dars e Nizami|publisher=Darul Ishaat |location= [[Karachi]]|page=4}}</ref>

==Literary works==
Izaz Ali Amrohi wrote ''Nafhat al-Arab'', a book taught in the contemporary dars-e-nizami curriculum including Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref name="mahbub" /><ref name="gazali">{{cite web |title=مولانا محمد اعزاز علی امروہیؒ صاحبِ نفحۃ العرب کی اردو شاعری |url=http://algazali.org/index.php?threads/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%92-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%90-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C.8894/ |website=AlGazali.org |date=15 July 2015 |access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> His other books include ''al-Ahadith al-mawdu’ah'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ta'aruf-o-Tabsirah al-Ahadith al-mawdu'ah|url=http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/magazine/new/tmp/16-Taaruf%20Wa%20Tabsira_MDU_3-4_January_12.htm|website=darululoom-deoband.com|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/56235 Contribution of Maulana Aizaz Ali _d 1374AH_ to Arabic studies: a critical study]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel}}
{{succession box
| title = 2nd Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
| years = 1928 - 1929
| before = [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]]
| after = Riyazuddin Bijnori
}}
{{succession box
| title = 9th Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
| years = 1944 - 1946
| before = Farooq Ahmad
| after = [[Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority Control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amrohi, Izaz Ali}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Amroha]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Head Muftis of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Burials at Qasmi Cemetery]]

Mansar-Surinsar Lakes Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-23T05:04:07Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding new info

{{Short description|Sanctuary in Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Mansar-Surinsar Lakes Wild Life sanctuary in [[Samba district|Samba]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Ducks near mansar lake.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Birds in Mansar Lake in [[Samba district]] (J&K)
| map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Mansar-Surinsar Lakes Wildlife sanctuary
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| location = Mansar, [[Samba district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]], {{flag|India}}
| nearest_city = [[Samba]] town
| coordinates = {{coord|32|45|N|75|12|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref name="Ramsar1" />
| area = {{convert|3.5|km2|acre|abbr=on}}
| established = {{Start date|2005}}
| governing_body = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]
| url =
| module = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_date = 8/11/2005<ref name="Ramsar1" />
}}
}}
'''Mansar-Surinsar Lakes Wildlife sanctuary''' is a [[Wildlife conservation|wildlife]] [[sanctuary]] is situated in [[Mansar Lake|Mansar]] in [[Samba district]] in [[Union territory|Indian union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is located 19 km from [[Samba, Jammu and Kashmir|Samba]] town & 85 km from city of [[Jammu]]. It covers 3.5 square kilometers. It was established in 2005, under the ''[[Wildlife Protection Act of 1972]]''. The sanctuary protects [[Mansar Lake]] - [[Surinsar Lake]] & wetland, which gained [[Ramsar Convention]] for International importance in 2005.<ref name="Ramsar1">{{cite web|title=Mansar-Surinsar Lakes|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1573|website=Ramsar Wetlands|publisher=Ramsar|access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Surinsar Mansar Wildlife Sanctuary - WildTrails {{!}} The One-Stop Destination for all your Wildlife Holidays |url=https://wildtrails.in/surinsar-mansar-wildlife-sanctuary/#:~:text=Surinsar%20Mansar%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary%20derives,%2C%20barking%20deer%2C%20leopard%20etc. |website=wildtrails.in |access-date=28 April 2024 |date=23 September 2017}}</ref>
__TOC__
== Geography ==
{{further|Mansar Lake| Surinsar Lake}}
Mansar-Surinsar Lakes Wildlife sanctuary are two lakes 9 km physically apart but internally connected, located in the [[Samba district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]] covering an area of 3.5 sq km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surinsar Lake - JK Tourism|url=http://www.jktourism.jk.gov.in/List/ListDetails.aspx?52734E46697354352F5A444F44774D52314C76555132454C31786959544D364A747234426551646E6242453D|website=www.jktourism.jk.gov.in|access-date=22 Jun 2020}}</ref>
Instead of a lake usually found in depressions, Mansar-Surinsar lakes are located on top of a hill without any feeding water source with a low catchment area and a limited rainfall of about 1400 mm annually. [[Anticline]] structure and [[Artesian well]] like conditions
results in perennial source of lake waters with A-Class [[Total dissolved solids|TDS]] water.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands|url=https://indianwetlands.in/wp-content/uploads/briefdocuments/Surinsar_Mansar.pdf|access-date=28 April 2024}},</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Bird sanctuaries of India]]
*[[Fauna of Jammu and Kashmir]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ramsar sites in India}}

[[Category:Protected areas established in 2005]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Railway platform

2026-02-23T03:49:18Z

Ayurtreatservices: added references

{{Short description|Fixed structure to allow people to board or alight trains}}
{{For|the 1955 Indian film|Railway Platform (film)}}
[[File:Warszawa 1963.jpg|thumb|Platforms at [[Warszawa Śródmieście railway station]] dated 1963, Poland]]
[[File:Bloemperk Rotterdam CS.jpg|thumb|Platform at [[Rotterdam Centraal station]], Netherlands]]
[[File:Paris, Arts et Métiers station, line 11.jpg|thumb|Station platforms at [[Arts et Métiers station]] on [[Paris Métro Line 11|Line 11]] of the [[Paris Métro]]]]
A '''railway platform''' is an area in a [[train station]] alongside a railway [[Track (rail transport)|track]] providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

[[Grand Central Terminal]] in [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]] [[Manhattan]] hosts 44 platforms, more than any other [[rail station]] in the world.<ref name=GrandCentralLargestTrainStationWorld>{{cite web|title=10 things we bet you didn't know about Grand Central|publisher=Signum International AG|url=https://www.ef.com/wwen/blog/language/10-things-we-bet-you-didnt-know-about-grand-central/|quote=Grand Central Terminal is spread over 49 acres, has 44 platforms and 67 tracks on two levels. It is the world’s largest train station by number of platforms and area occupied.}}</ref> The world's longest station platform is at [[Hubballi Junction railway station|Hubballi Junction]] in India at {{convert|1507|m}}.<ref name=":0">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Gorakhpur-gets-worlds-largest-railway-platform/articleshow/23616764.cms Gorakhpur gets world's largest railway platform] ''The Times of India''</ref> The [[Appalachian Trail station]] or [[Benson station]] in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://as0.mta.info/mnr/stations/station_detail.cfm?key=167|title=MNR Stations APPALACHIAN TRAIL|website=as0.mta.info|access-date=2018-10-14}}</ref>

Among some American [[train conductor]]s, the word "platform" has entered [[Conversion (word formation)#Verbification|usage as a verb]] meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/18/nyregion/about-long-island-what-car-of-the-train-is-this.html ''NY Times'' 18 May 1986]</ref>

==Height relative to trains==
{{main|Railway platform height}}
The most basic form of platform consists of an area at the same level as the track, usually resulting in a fairly large height difference between the platform and the [[train]] floor. This would often not be considered a true platform. The more traditional platform is elevated relative to the track but often lower than the train floor, although ideally they should be at the same level. Occasionally the platform is higher than the train floor, where a train with a low floor serves a station built for trains with a high floor, for example at the [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|Dutch]] stations of the [[DB Regionalbahn Westfalen]] (see {{stnlnk|Enschede}}). On the [[London Underground]] some stations are served by both [[District line]] and [[Piccadilly line]] trains, and the Piccadilly trains have lower floors.

A [[tram]] stop is often in the middle of the street; usually it has as a platform a refuge area of a similar height to that of the sidewalk, e.g. {{convert|100|mm|0|abbr=on}}, and sometimes has no platform. The latter requires extra care by passengers and other traffic to avoid accidents. Both types of tram stops can be seen in the tram networks of [[Melbourne]] and [[Toronto]]. Sometimes a tram stop is served by ordinary trams with rather low floors and [[rapid transit|metro]]-like [[light rail]] vehicles with higher floors, and the tram stop has a dual-height platform. A railway station may be served by heavy-rail and light-rail vehicles with lower floors and have a dual- height platform, as on the [[RijnGouweLijn]] in the Netherlands.

In all cases the platform must accommodate the [[loading gauge]] and conform to the [[structure gauge]] of the system.

==Types of platform==
[[File:Oslo airport train station, Platform 0.jpg|thumb|left|Oslo airport train station, [[Platform 0]]]]
[[File:Platform types en.svg|thumb|right|This diagram illustrates different types of platform. Platform 1 is a "bay" platform, while platforms 2, 3 and 4 are "through" platforms. The platform accommodating 3 and 4 is an "island" platform]]
Platform types include the [[bay platform]], [[side platform]] (also called through platform), [[split platform]] and [[island platform]]. A bay platform is one at which the track terminates, i.e. a dead-end or [[rail siding|siding]]. Trains serving a bay platform must reverse in or out. A side platform is the more usual type, alongside tracks where the train arrives from one end and leaves towards the other. An island platform has through platforms on both sides; it may be indented on one or both ends, with bay platforms. To reach an island platform there may be a bridge, a [[Subway (underpass)|tunnel]], or a [[level crossing]]. A variant on the side platform is the [[spanish solution]] which has platforms on both sides of a single through track.

Modern station platforms can be constructed from a variety of materials such as [[Fiberglass|glass-reinforced polymer]], [[Precast concrete|pre-cast concrete]] or expanded [[Polystyrene|polystrene]], depending on the underlying substructure.

==Identification==
{{Routemap
| title = Designated platforms or tracks
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map =
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa\num1r
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa\num2r
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa\num3r
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa\num4r
PLT-\PLT-\PLT-\
| bottom = <div style="width:18em;text-align:center">In US usage, this station would be described as having three platforms and four tracks (Tracks 1—4). In other English-speaking countries, it would be described as having four platforms (Platforms 1—4).</div>
}}
Most stations have their platforms numbered consecutively from 1; a few stations, including {{stnlnk|Cardiff Central}}, {{stnlnk|Haymarket}}, [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross]], {{stnlnk|Stockport}}, and {{stnlnk|Gravesend}} (in the UK); and [[Lidcombe railway station|Lidcombe, Sydney]] (Australia), start from 0, generally because a new platform has been added next to Platform 1. At {{stnlnk|Bristol Temple Meads}} platforms 3 through to 12 are split along their length, with odd numbered platforms facing north and east and even numbers facing south and west, with a small signal halfway along the platform. Some, such as {{stnlnk|London Waterloo East}}, use letters instead of numbers (this is to distinguish the platforms from numbered ones in the adjoining [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo main-line station]]; some, such as [[Paris-Gare de Lyon]], use letters for one group of platforms but numbers for the other.

The actual meaning of the word platform depends on country and language. In some countries such as the United States, the word platform refers to the physical structure, while the place where a train can arrive is referred to as a "track" (e.g. "The train is arriving on Track 5"). In other countries, such as the UK, Ireland and most Commonwealth countries, platform refers specifically to the place where the train stops, which means that in such a case [[island platform]]s are allocated two separate numbers, one for each side. Some countries are in the process of switching from platform to track numbers, i.e. the Czech Republic and Poland. In locations where track numbers are used, an island platform would be described as one platform with two tracks. Many stations also have numbered tracks which are used only for through traffic and do not have physical platform access.

==Facilities==
[[File:Lights of Stasiun Gedebage at Night.jpg|thumb|Station in [[Indonesia]], where the station provides a crossing staircase between platforms for passengers. ]]
Some of the station facilities are often located on the platforms. Where the platforms are not adjacent to a station building, often some form of shelter or [[waiting room]] is provided, and employee cabins may also be present. The weather protection offered varies greatly, from little more than a roof with open sides, to a closed room with heating or air-conditioning. There may be [[Bench (furniture)|bench]]es, [[lighting]], ticket counters, [[drinking fountain]]s, shops, [[waste|trash]] boxes, and static [[Public transport timetable|timetable]]s or [[platform display|dynamic displays]] with information about the next train.

There are often [[loudspeaker]]s as part of a [[public address]] (PA) system. The PA system is often used where dynamic timetables or electronic displays are not present. A variety of information is presented, including destinations and times (for all trains, or only the more important long-distance trains), delays, cancellations, platform changes, changes in routes and destinations, the number of carriages in the train and the location of first class or luggage compartments, and supplementary fee or reservation requirements.

==Safety==
Some metro stations have [[platform screen doors]] between the platforms and the tracks. They provide more safety, and they allow the heating or air conditioning in the station to be separated from the ventilation in the tunnel, thus being more efficient and effective. They have been installed in most stations of the [[Singapore]] [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|MRT]] and the Hong Kong [[MTR]], and stations on the [[Jubilee Line Extension]] in London.

Platforms should be sloped upwards slightly towards the platform edge to prevent wheeled objects such as trolleys, prams and wheelchairs from rolling away and into the path of the train.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} Many platforms have a cavity underneath an [[cantilever|overhanging edge]] so that people who may fall off the platform can seek shelter from incoming trains.
[[File:Pasca S.40 PPKA PWT.jpg|thumb|[[Kereta Api Indonesia|Indonesian railway guard]] ( The one who wears a beret) on guard at the station platform ]]
For security against theft or to secure stowaways, some countries have special security officers stationed at stations, just like the police, but specifically for railways, For example, in [[Indonesia]] and [[Poland]], there are special [[Railway Security Guard|railway security]] officers.

===High-speed rail===
[[File:Acela Kingston Station RI at 150 mph.webm|thumb|A train passing at {{convert|240|kph|mph|abbr=on}} with induced airflow and debris that affect the videographer on the platform]]
In [[high-speed rail]], passing trains are a significant safety problem as the safe distance from the platform edge increases with the speed of the passing train. A study done by the [[United States Department of Transportation]] in 1999 found that trains passing station platforms at speeds of {{convert|240|kph|mph}} can pose safety concerns to passengers on the platforms who are {{convert|2|m|ft}} away from the edge due to the aerodynamic effects created by pressure and induced airflow with speeds of {{convert|64|kph|mph}} to {{convert|95|kph|mph}} depending on the train body aerodynamic designs. Additionally, the airflow can cause debris to be blown out to the waiting passengers. If the passengers stand closer at {{convert|1|m|ft}}, the risk increases with airflow that can reach speeds of {{convert|79|kph|mph}} to {{convert|116|kph|mph}}.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Harvey Shui-Hong|title=Assessment of Potential Aerodynamic Effects on Personnel and Equipment in Proximity to High-Speed Train Operations|date=December 1999|publisher=United States Department of Transportation|url=https://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13047/ord9911.pdf|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hamburg berlin track platform barriers.jpg|thumb|Platform barriers on the [[Berlin–Hamburg Railway|Berlin-Hamburg high speed line]]]]
In United Kingdom, a guideline for platform safety specifies that for the platforms with train passing speeds between {{convert|160|kph|mph}} and {{convert|200|kph|mph}}, there should be a yellow-line buffer zone of {{convert|1.5|m|ft}} and other warning signs. If trains can pass at speeds higher than {{convert|200|kph|mph}}, the platforms should be inaccessible to passengers unless there are waiting rooms or screened areas to provide protection.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guidance on Interface between Station Platforms, Track and Trains|date=March 2014|publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board Limited|edition=2|url=https://www.rssb.co.uk/rgs/standards/GIGN7616%20Iss%202.pdf|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=9 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909194558/http://www.rssb.co.uk/rgs/standards/GIGN7616%20Iss%202.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[European Union]] has a regulation for platforms that are close to tracks with train passing speeds of {{convert|250|kph|mph}} or more should not be accessible to passengers unless there is a lower speed limit for trains that intend to stop at the station or there are barriers to limit access.<ref>{{cite book|title=2002/732/EC: Commission Decision of 30 May 2002 concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to the infrastructure subsystem of the trans-European high-speed rail system referred to in Article 6(1) of Council Directive 96/48/EC|date=9 December 2002|publisher=The European Union|pages=143–279|edition=Official Journal L 245|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32002D0732|access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theindiantrain.blogspot.com/2021/11/platform-locator.html|title=Train Platform Locator|publisher=Indian Train|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref>

===Markings===
[[File:Mind the gap.jpg|thumb|right|A common marking at curved platforms on the [[London Underground]].]]
Platforms usually have some form of warnings or measures to keep passengers away from the tracks. The simplest measure is markings near the edge of the platform to demarcate the distance back that passengers should remain. Often a special tiled surface is used as well as a painted line, to help blind people using a walking aid, and help in preventing wheelchairs from rolling too near the platform edge.

In the US, [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990]] regulations require a detectable warning strip {{convert|24|in|cm}} wide, consisting of truncated dome bumps in a visually-contrasting color, for the full length of the platform.<ref>[http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAStandards.pdf 2010 ADA Standards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118030224/https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAStandards.pdf |date=2016-11-18 }}, US Department of Justice, Sections 710.5, 810</ref>

=== Curvature ===
{{See also|Platform gap|Platform gap filler}}
Ideally platforms should be straight or slightly [[convex curve|convex]], so that the guard (if any) can see the whole train when preparing to close the doors. Platforms that have great curvature have blind spots that create a safety hazard. Mirrors or [[Closed-circuit television|closed-circuit camera]]s may be used in these cases to view the whole platform. Also passenger carriages are straight, so doors will not always open directly onto a curved platform – often a [[platform gap]] is present. Usually such platforms will have warning signs, possibly auditory, such as [[London Underground]]'s famous phrase "[[Mind the gap]]".

There may be moveable [[Platform gap filler|gap filler]] sections within the platform, extending once the train has stopped and retracting after the doors have closed. The [[New York City Subway]] employs these at [[14th Street–Union Square (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|14th Street–Union Square]] on the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]] and at [[Times Square (IRT 42nd Street Shuttle)|Times Square]] on the [[42nd Street Shuttle]], and formerly at the [[South Ferry loops (New York City Subway)|South Ferry]] outer loop station on the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]].

==Notable examples==

===Longest railway platforms===
[[File:Kollam Platform's eastern end.jpg|right|thumb|Eastern end of longest platform in {{stnlnk|Kollam Junction}} in India. It is the world's third longest railway platform.]]
# [[Hubballi Junction railway station|Hubballi Junction]], [[Karnataka]], India: {{convert|1505|m}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's longest railway platform in Hubballi in its final stage of construction |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/mar/21/worlds-longest-railway-platform-in-hubballiin-its-final-stage-of-construction-2279648.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
# {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}}, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India: {{convert|1,366.33|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Dinda|first=Archisman|title=Uttar Pradesh gets world's longest railway platform|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/uttar-pradesh-gets-world-s-longest-railway-platform-1.1241468|access-date=9 October 2013|newspaper=GulfNews.com|date= October 9, 2013}}</ref>
# {{stnlnk|Kollam Junction}}, [[Kerala]], India: {{convert|1,180.5|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.railnewscenter.com/2015/01/at-glance-longest-railway-platforms-in.html |title=At a glance: Longest railway platforms in India |publisher=Railnewscenter |access-date=25 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225073235/http://www.railnewscenter.com/2015/01/at-glance-longest-railway-platforms-in.html |archive-date=25 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/trains/top-6-longest-railway-platforms-india/ |title=The Top 6 Longest Railway Platforms of India |publisher=Walk through India |access-date=25 February 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/west-bengal-tea-plantations-and-other-rajera-relics-9835426.html |title=West Bengal: tea plantations and other Raj-era relics |work = The Independent|first = Ben|last = Walsh|date = 2 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://i.imgur.com/v1AEV5k.jpg |title=Malayala Manorama Daily(Kollam Edition 22/02/2015) |access-date= 2015-02-22}}</ref>
# {{rws|Kharagpur Junction}}, [[West Bengal]], India: {{convert|1072.5|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-trivia.html |title = Trivia|publisher=IRFCA| access-date = 2012-01-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-railways/facts.html | title = Indian Railway Facts | publisher = iloveindia | access-date = 2012-01-21 | archive-date = 2019-12-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191230130232/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-railways/facts.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
# [[State Street subway|State Street Subway]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], US, {{convert|1067.1|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Rayagada railway station|Rayagada]], [[Odisha]], India 910 m (2986 ft)
# {{rws|Pilibhit Junction}}, [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[India]] {{convert|855|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Auto Club Speedway]] station, [[Fontana, California]], US: {{convert|2675|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="schematics">{{CA rail schematics}}</ref>
# {{stnlnk|Bilaspur}}, [[Chhattisgarh]], India: {{convert|802|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Eurotunnel Folkestone Terminal|Cheriton Shuttle Terminal]], [[Kent]], United Kingdom: {{convert|791|m|0|abbr=on}} (longest in Europe)
# {{stnlnk|Bern}}, [[Bern]], Switzerland: {{convert|785|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Jhansi Junction|Jhansi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India: {{convert|770|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Milwaukee-Dearborn subway|Dearborn Street subway]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], US {{convert|762|m|0|abbr=on}}
# {{stnlnk|Sonpur Junction}}, [[Sonepur, Bihar]], India: {{convert|738|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-all-trains-from-gorakhpur-will-be-on-track-from-tomorrow-10779991.html |title=गोरखपुर से ट्रेन का सुचारू संचालन कल से |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322230152/http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-all-trains-from-gorakhpur-will-be-on-track-from-tomorrow-10779991.html |archive-date=2016-03-22 |language =hi |trans-title=All Trains from Gorakhpur Will Be On Track From Tomorrow|date = 7 October 2013 }}</ref>
# {{stnlnk|Nabadwip Dham}}, [[Nadia district]], West Bengal, India {{convert|720|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [[Flinders Street railway station]], [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia: {{convert|708|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>[http://www.gowest.com.au/melbourne-attractions.html Melbourne Crime Tours – Go West Tours Melbourne] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403150453/http://www.gowest.com.au/melbourne-attractions.html |date=April 3, 2012 }}</ref>
# [[Port Pirie (Mary Elie Street) railway station]], [[South Australia]]: {{convert|701|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>"News" ''[[Railway Gazette International|Railway Gazette]]'' 18 August 1967 page 603</ref>
# [[Sittard railway station]], Netherlands: {{convert|700|m|0|abbr=on}}
# [['s-Hertogenbosch railway station]], Netherlands: {{convert|699|m|0|abbr=on}}
# {{stnlnk|Nijmegen}}, Netherlands: {{convert|699|m|0|abbr=on}}

===Greatest number of platforms===

#[[Grand Central Terminal]], New York City, US: 44
#[[Ōsaka Station|Ōsaka]] / [[Umeda Station]], Japan: 36 <ref>Including Ōsaka, Umeda, Ōsaka-Umeda, [[Higashi-Umeda Station|Higashi-Umeda]], [[Nishi-Umeda Station|Nishi-Umeda]], and [[Kitashinchi Station|Kitashinchi]] Stations. [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]]: 17 {{Cite web|title=駅情報(大阪駅) 構内図|url=https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/premises?id=0610130|access-date=2025-05-21}} {{Cite web|title=駅情報(北新地駅) 構内図|url=https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/premises?id=0612303|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Hankyu]]: 9 {{Cite web|title=大阪梅田駅構内図|url=https://www.hankyu.co.jp/station/umeda_map.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Osaka Metro]]: 6 {{Cite web|title=梅田駅構内図|url=https://subway.osakametro.co.jp/station_guide/m/m16/|access-date=2025-05-21}} {{Cite web|title=東梅田駅構内図|url=https://subway.osakametro.co.jp/station_guide/T/t20/|access-date=2025-05-21}} {{Cite web|title=西梅田駅構内図|url=https://subway.osakametro.co.jp/station_guide/Y/y11/|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Hanshin Electric Railway|Hanshin]]: 4 {{Cite web|title=大阪梅田駅構内案内図|url=https://www.hanshin.co.jp/uploads/guidemap/umeda.pdf|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#[[Gare du Nord]], Paris, France: 35 (31 above ground level + 4 underground)
#[[Shinjuku Station]], Tokyo, Japan: 35 <ref>Including Shinjuku, [[Seibu-Shinjuku Station|Seibu-Shinjuku]], and [[Shinjuku-nishiguchi Station|Shinjuku-nishiguchi]] Stations. The platforms for drop-off only are not counted. [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]]: 16 {{Cite web|title=新宿駅の構内図・バリアフリー情報|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/stations/866.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Odakyu Electric Railway|Odakyu]]: 5 {{Cite web|title=新宿駅ホーム図・駅構内図|url=https://www.odakyu.jp/station/shinjuku/homeview/|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Keio Corporation|Keio]] / [[Toei Subway]] ([[Toei Shinjuku Line|Shinjuku Line]]): 5 {{Cite web|title=新宿駅駅構内施設|url=https://www.keio.co.jp/train/station/ko01_shinjuku/|access-date=2025-05-21}}, Toei Subway ([[Toei Ōedo Line|Ōedo Line]]): 4 {{Cite web|title=各駅情報新宿|url=https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/subway/stations/shinjuku.html|access-date=2025-05-21}} {{Cite web|title=各駅情報新宿西口|url=https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/subway/stations/shinjuku-nishiguchi.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Seibu Railway|Seibu]]: 3 {{Cite web|title=駅の情報・路線図西武新宿駅|url=https://www.seiburailway.jp/railway/station/seibu-shinjuku/|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Tokyo Metro]]: 2 {{Cite web|title=路線・駅の情報新宿駅|url=https://www.tokyometro.jp/station/shinjuku/index.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#[[Munich Central Station]], Germany: 34 (32 above ground level + 2 underground)
#[[London Waterloo station]], United Kingdom: 32 (24 [[National Rail|mainline]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Waterloo - Facilities, Shops and Parking Information |url=https://www.networkrail.co.uk/communities/passengers/our-stations/london-waterloo/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.networkrail.co.uk}}</ref> and 8 at [[Waterloo tube station]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Waterloo Underground Station |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/tube/stop/940GZZLUWLO/waterloo-underground-station |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref>)
#[[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof]], Germany: 31 (24 above ground level + 7 underground)
#[[Chicago Union Station]], US: 30
#{{stnlnk|Zhengzhou East}}, China: 30
#[[Tokyo Station]], Japan: 30 <ref>[[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]]: 22 {{Cite web|title=東京駅の構内図・バリアフリー情報|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/stations/1039.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]: 6 {{Cite web|title=東京駅駅構内図|url=https://railway.jr-central.co.jp/station-guide/shinkansen/tokyo/map.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Tokyo Metro]]: 2 {{Cite web|title=路線・駅の情報東京駅|url=https://www.tokyometro.jp/station/tokyo/index.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#{{stnlnk|Howrah}}, India : 28 (24 for the railway station and 4 for [[Howrah metro station]])
#[[Nagoya Station]], Japan: 27 <ref>Including Nagoya, [[Meitetsu Nagoya Station|Meitetsu Nagoya]], and [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station|Kintetsu Nagoya]] Stations. The platforms for drop-off only are not counted. [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]: 15 {{Cite web|title=名古屋駅駅構内図|url=https://railway.jr-central.co.jp/station-guide/shinkansen/nagoya/map.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Nagoya Municipal Subway]]: 4, [[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]]: 4 {{Cite web|title=駅構内図近鉄名古屋駅|url=https://www.kintetsu.co.jp/soukatsu/kounai/nagoya.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Meitetsu]]: 2 {{Cite web|title=各駅詳細情報名鉄名古屋|url=https://www.meitetsu.co.jp/train/station_info/line01/station/1201.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Aonami Line]]: 2 {{Cite web|title=駅・時刻表 AN01-名古屋駅|url=https://www.aonamiline.co.jp/train/an01-nagoya|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#[[Central railway station, Sydney|Central railway station]], Sydney, Australia: 26 (22 above ground level + 4 underground)
#[[Zürich Hauptbahnhof]], Switzerland: 26 (16 above ground level + 10 underground)
#[[Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal]] (Bang Sue Grand Central), Bangkok, Thailand: 26 (24 for the railway station and 2 for [[Blue Line (Bangkok)|MRT Blue Line]], 12 platforms are currently out of use)
#[[Ueno Station]], Tokyo, Japan: 25 <ref>[[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]]: 21 {{Cite web|title=上野駅の構内図・バリアフリー情報|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/stations/204.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Tokyo Metro]]: 4 {{Cite web|title=路線・駅の情報上野駅|url=https://www.tokyometro.jp/station/ueno/index.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#[[Kyoto Station]], Japan: 25 <ref>[[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]]: 15 {{Cite web|title=駅情報(京都駅) 構内図|url=https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/premises?id=0610116|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]: 4 {{Cite web|title=京都駅駅構内図|url=https://railway.jr-central.co.jp/station-guide/shinkansen/kyoto/map.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Kintetsu Group Holdings|Kintetsu]] 4 {{Cite web|title=駅構内図京都駅|url=https://www.kintetsu.co.jp/soukatsu/kounai/kyoto.html|access-date=2025-05-21}}, [[Kyoto Municipal Subway]]: 2 {{Cite web|title=地下鉄駅構内図京都駅|url=https://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/kotsu/tikadia/img/map/sta/pdf/k11map.pdf|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>
#{{stnlnk|Sealdah}}, India: 25 (21 for the railway station and 4 for [[Sealdah metro station]])
#[[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]], Germany: 24

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* {{annotated link|Berne gauge}}
* [[Gauntlet track]]
* {{annotated link|Glossary of rail transport terms}}
* {{annotated link|Harrington Hump}}
* {{annotated link|Island platform}}
* [[Loading dock]]
* {{annotated link|Loading gauge}}
* {{annotated link|Mind the gap}}
* {{annotated link|Platform gap}}
* {{annotated link|Platform gap filler}}
* {{annotated link|Railway platform height}}
* {{annotated link|Rail transport}}
* {{annotated link|Side platform}}
* {{annotated link|Spanish solution}}
* {{annotated link|Split platform}}
* {{annotated link|Structure gauge}}
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Train station platforms}}
{{Wikidata property|P1103}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sporenplan.nl/html_nl/sporenplan/ns/ns_normaal/start.html|title=Emplacementstekeningen NS|language=nl|work=www.sporenplan.nl}} Schematic maps of all tracks, junctionsswitches and platforms in the Netherlands (point at an area and open detail map in a new window)
* {{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technical.com/stations.shtml#Platforms|title=Train Station Page|at=Platforms|work=www.railway-technical.com|publisher=Railway Technical Web Pages|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609114225/http://www.railway-technical.com/stations.shtml#Platforms|archive-date=2007-06-09}} (UK-centric information)

{{Rail tracks}}
{{Railway_track_layouts}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Railway platforms| ]]
[[Category:Railway stations| Platform]]

North Maharashtra University

2026-02-16T19:20:11Z

Ayurtreatservices: minor cleanup

{{Short description|University in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Notability|Org|date=January 2022}}
{{Primary sources|date=January 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University
| native_name = KBCNMU
| image = [[File:North Maharashtra University logo.png|180px]] [[File:KBC North Maharashtra University main building.jpg|250px]]
| caption = The University main building
| motto = "Teach One Each One & Tree One"
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|1990|08|15}}
| chancellor = [[Governor of Maharashtra]]
| vice_chancellor = V. L. Maheshwari
| city = [[Jalgaon]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| country = India
| students =
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|https://nmu.ac.in/en-us/|nmu.ac.in}}
}}

'''Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University''' is a university in [[Jalgaon]], [[Maharashtra]]. Formerly North Maharashtra University, it was established on 15 August 1990 after separating from the parent [[University of Pune]].<ref name=KBCNMU>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmu.ac.in/profile/aspx/profile.aspx |title=Profile |accessdate=2013-07-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902061027/http://www.nmu.ac.in/profile/aspx/profile.aspx |archivedate=2011-09-02 }}</ref>

== Accreditation History ==
The university has been accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] over four cycles. In 2001, it received a 4-star status.<ref>{{cite web |title=About University |url=https://nmu.ac.in/en-us/About-Us/About-University |publisher=KBCNMU |access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref> This was followed by a 'B' grade (CGPA 2.88) in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAAC Re-Accreditation Cycle 2 |url=https://apps.nmu.ac.in/naac/0/6/6.5/6.5.2/6.%20Annual%20Quality%20Assurance%20Reports.pdf |publisher=KBCNMU IQAC |format=PDF |access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref> During its third and fourth cycles, the university maintained an 'A' grade with a CGPA of 3.11.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAAC Accreditation Reports |url=https://nmu.ac.in/iqac/en-us/NAAC-Reports |publisher=KBCNMU |access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://nmu.ac.in/en-us/}}

{{Universities in Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|21.0025|75.4969|type:edu_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Universities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Education in Jalgaon]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Harinath De

2026-02-07T19:36:59Z

Ayurtreatservices: small add intro per standard format and improved wording after review

{{short description|Indian linguist, polyglot and Indologist}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Harinath Dey]], University of Dhaka biochemist}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harinath De
| image = File:Harinath De, Indian linguist, polyglot, Indologist and an academician.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Harinath De: Indian linguist, polyglot, Indologist and an academician
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1877|08|12}}
| birth_place = [[Ariadaha]], [[Calcutta]] [[North 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], India<ref name = "Bose590">Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), (1976), ''Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary), {{in lang|bn}}, p 590</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1911|08|30|1877|08|12}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Academician, librarian, polyglot
| known_for = ability to speak in 34 languages
}}
'''Harinath De''' (12 August 1877— 30 August 1911) was an Indian linguist, polyglot, Indologist and an academician, who later became the first Indian librarian of the [[National Library of India]] (then Imperial Library) from 1907 to 1911.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian librarianship: perspectives and prospects |editor=Ravindra N. Sharma |publisher=Kalyani Publishers |year= 1981|page= 221}}</ref> In a life span of thirty-four years, he learned 34 languages.<ref name="Capitol">{{cite book|title=Capital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucsxAAAAMAAJ|access-date=4 June 2013|year=1977|page=267}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
He was born in [[Ariadaha]] of [[Kamarhati]] (in present [[North 24 Parganas district]]) near [[Kolkata]], West Bengal. His father Roy Bahadur Bhutnath De was a government official in [[Raipur]], [[Central Provinces]] (now [[Chhattisgarh]]), where the family of young [[Narendranath Dutta]] (future [[Swami Vivekananda]]) also stayed in the same building, briefly from 1877 to 1879.<ref>{{cite book |title=Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography|author= Chattopadhyay Rajagopal |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1999|isbn=8120815866 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtcoeaQIQdAC&q=Harinath+De&pg=PA23}}</ref><ref name=gr169/>

He attended Raipur High School, and went to study at [[Presidency College, Kolkata]] (then in the [[University of Calcutta]]), followed by [[Christ's College, Cambridge]]<ref name=gr169>[[#Gr|Greenspan, p. 169]]</ref> A [[polyglot]] and linguistic prodigy, he was expert in 34 languages, including many eastern and western languages such as Chinese, Tibetan, Pali, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, Greek, Latin,<ref>{{cite book |title=A history of Calcutta's streets (Vol. 2)|author= P. Thankappan Nair|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1987|page=396 }}</ref><ref>[[#Gr|Greenspan, p. 140]]</ref> out of which he was M.A in 14.

==Career==
De was the first [[Indian Education Service]] officer among Indians. He was Professor of [[English studies|English]] of [[Dhaka University]] and of [[Presidency College, Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Harinath Dey|date=4 May 2011 |url=http://www.instablogs.com/national-library-its-heritage-in-distress.html}}</ref> He was appointed the first lecturer of the newly created department of [[Linguistics]] of [[Calcutta University]] in 1907.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Linguistics: About the Department|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/arts_linguistic.htm|publisher=[[Calcutta University]]|access-date=7 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506183141/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/arts_linguistic.htm|archive-date=6 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed the second librarian and first Indian librarian of the Imperial Library, after the death of John Macfarlane, who was previously Assistant Librarian of the [[British Museum]], London, who was the first librarian of the newly merged Imperial Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Background |url=http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/nat_lib_stat/history.html |publisher=[[National Library of India]] |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617023911/http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/nat_lib_stat/history.html |archive-date=17 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Literary career ==
In 1902 He published a new edition of ''Macaulay's Essay on Milton''. In 1903 he edited and published a new version of ''[[Palgrave's Golden Treasury]]''. Then he translated ''[[Rihla]]'', the travelogue written by [[Ibn Battuta]] and Jalaluddin Abu Zafar Muhammad's book Al-fakhri to English. He also worked on [[Arabic grammar]].<ref name="Bishwa Bhashapathik Harindranath De">{{cite news|title=Bishwa Bhashapathik Harindranath De|newspaper=Ittefaq|date=26 December 2011}} {{in lang|bn}}</ref>

The most important works of him included an English–[[Persian language|Persian]] lexicon, translation of a part of [[Rig Veda]] with original ''[[Śloka|slokas]]'', editing of ''Lankabatar Sutra'', ''Nirbanbyakhya Shastram'', etc. He also translated a few Sanskrit plays to English like ''Vasavdatta'' of Subandhu and ''Abhigyan Shakuntalam'' of [[Kalidasa]].<ref name="Bishwa Bhashapathik Harindranath De" />

His works, 88 volumes on literature, [[linguistics]] and [[Hinduism]], are now part of the [[National Library of India]], known as the ''Harinath Dey Collection''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Trends in Library And Information Science |author=Subhas Chandra Biswas |publisher=Gyan Books |year=1995|isbn=8121204941 |page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZEd8gpISicC&q=Hari+Nath+Dey&pg=PA205 }}</ref>

== Death ==
He died of [[typhoid]] on 30 August 1911 at the age of 34.<ref name=Capitol />

==Works==
* ''Select Papers, Mainly Indological'', compiled and edited by Sunil Bandyopadhyay. Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar, 1972.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Harinath De: centenary volume |author=M. N. Nagaraj|publisher=National Library|year=1977}}
* {{cite book |title=Harinath De, philanthropist and linguist (National biography) |author=Sunil Bandyopadhyay |publisher= National Book Trust|year=1988 }}
* {{cite book |title=Book History-Vol. 4 |author=Ezra Greenspan |author2=Jonathan Rose |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2001|isbn=0271021519 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-J_XAjJL0C&q=Harinath+De&pg=PA169 |ref=Gr }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dey, Hari Nath}}
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Indian librarians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Dhaka]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian Education Service officers]]
[[Category:Linguists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian Indologists]]
[[Category:People from Kamarhati]]
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Historians from British India]]

Marundeeswarar Temple

2026-01-31T15:46:36Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding place

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Marundeeswarar Temple
| image = marundeeswarar7.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Marundeeswarar Temple and Tank in the morning sunlight
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|12|59|08|N|80|15|41|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district =
| locale = [[Tiruvanmiyur]], [[Chennai]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Marundeeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| festivals= Panguni Brahmmotsavam in March- April, Shivrathri in February–March<ref>{{cite web|title=Festivals of the temple|url=http://www.marundeeswarartemple.tnhrce.in/festival-marndesswar.html|year=2014|publisher=Marundeeswarar Temple administration|access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| date_built =
| creator = [[Cholas]]
| website =
}}

'''Marundeeswarar Temple''' is a temple dedicated to Hindu deity [[Shiva]], located in [[Thiruvanmiyur]], [[Chennai]] adjacent to the beach of [[Bay of Bengal]]. It is one of the 275 ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]s'' where two of the most revered [[Nayanars]] ([[Saivite]] Saints), [[Appar]] and [[Campantar|Tirugnana Sambandar]], have glorified the temple with their verses during the 7th century CE. The temple has been widely expanded by [[Chola]] kings during the 11th century CE.<ref name="matters"/> The temple has two seven-tiered gateway towers, a huge tank, with the overall temple area covering 1 acre. The Marundeeswarar temple has been a place of curative worship for people with diseases.

The temple has six daily rituals at various times from [[5:30]] a.m. to 10 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] in the 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to Vijayanagar rulers. The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. The latest consecration of the temple after renovation was performed during February 2020. The previous one was in May 2008.

== Legend ==
[[File:Thiruvanmiyur5.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Marundeeswarar shrine]]
Marundeeswarar is known so because he imparted sage [[Agastya]] on curative properties of various herbs and plants.<ref name="matters">[[#Hodgetts|Hodgetts 2008]], p.55</ref> Since then the Marundeeswarar temple has been a place of worship for people with diseases and various problems with their health.<ref name="ttdc"/> It is said that sage [[Valmiki]], who wrote ''[[Ramayana]]'', worshiped Shiva in the temple.<ref name="kamath"/> Since Valmiki was blessed here, the place was to be known as Thiruvalmikiyur, which is pronounced as 'Thiruvanmikiyur' in Tamil, the name gradually changed to Thiruvanmiyur.<ref name="V.">[[#V.|V. 2006]], p. 14</ref> There is a place present in Thiruvanmiyur called Valmiki Nagar in his honour. There is also a shrine for the sage on the Western side of the temple on what is presently called the East Coast Road (ECR).<ref name="V."/> The [[lingam]] for which [[Hanuman]] performed [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]], the lingam (Meenakshi Sundareswarar) that cured the curse of [[Indra]], the Lingam for which Saint [[Bharadwaja]] performed pooja are present here. [[Markandeya]]r performed a penance and prayed to Shiva here, [[Brahma]] conducted a festival here for Shiva. The presiding deity is also called Palvannanathar as [[Kamadhenu]], the sacred cow, is said to have performed oblation on the Sivalingam with her milk. As per another legend, Sun and Moon perform their worship practices daily during sunset on account of which the main shrine is believed to be facing west.<ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Ambujam |last=Anantharaman|page=24|publisher=East West Books (Madras)|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8}}</ref>

== History==
[[File:Marudheeshwarar kovil--Rajagopuram.jpg|thumb|250px|The temple's rajagopuram (main tower)]]
[[File:Marundeeshwarar Dwajasthambham.jpg|thumb|Dwajasthambham (sacred mast) near the western entrance of the temple]]
The road starting from Marundeeswarar temple, now called [[East Coast Road|ECR]] was an important route during the [[Chola]] period and was known as Vadagaperuvazhi, connecting the kingdom to places in [[Thanjavur]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="ECR">{{cite news|title= 10 years of East Coast Road: Monumental neglect|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article2979123.ece|work=The Hindu|date=10 Mar 2012|access-date = 2012-06-18 }}</ref> Inscriptions can be found in the shrine of Tripurasundari Amman dating back to the 11th century during the period of [[Rajendra Chola]].<ref name="kamath">[[#Kamath|Kamath 2002]], pp.40-41</ref><ref name="ECR"/> The origins and antiquity of this temple is corroborated by the inscriptions found in other temples in the city namely Kapaleeswarar Temple, Virupaksheeswarar Temple and [[Thiruvidandai]] which bear testimony to Tiruvanmiyur's existence. A new life has been put into this ancient worshipping place, first in the year 1903 and then in the 1970s. This temple along with the [[Kapaleeswarar Temple]] and the [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvottiyur|Thiruvottiyur Thyagarajaswamy Temple]] form the famous Trinity Sea Shore temples of Thondai Mandalam.<ref name=A/>

== Architecture ==
[[File:Thiruvanmiyur2.jpg|250px|thumb|Temple tower]]
[[File:Goddess Tiripurasundari Sannathi.jpg|thumb|Shrine of presiding deity]]
The temple is believed to have partial feature of [[Pallava dynasty]] and partially with [[Chola art]]. The temple has two entrances, one from East Coast Road and the other from West Tank Street both adorned by 5-tiered ''[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower).<ref name="ttdc">{{cite web|title=Tamil Nadu Tourism Newsletter March 2009|url=http://tamilnadutourism.org/pdf/NEWSLETTER-MARCH-2009.pdf|publisher=Tamil Nadu Tourism|page=2|date=Mar 2009|access-date=2012-06-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515202312/http://tamilnadutourism.org/pdf/NEWSLETTER-MARCH-2009.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref> The Entrance from the West Tank Street has got three gates whereas the entrance from the East Coast Road has only one gate. The temple occupies an area of about 1 acre – numerous images adorn the pillars of the temple, while stucco figures adorn the ''gopurams''.<ref name="ttdc"/> The ''mandapam'' (hall) housing the Somaskanda form of Shiva has 36 massive pillars adorned with carvings.<ref name="ttdc"/> Devasriyan mantapam inside the temple conducts Shaiva Sidhantha lectures every day between 7 pm and 8.30 pm.

The temple has smaller shrines for [[Ganesha]], [[Murugan]], there is a shine for 3 Ganeshas who control all three time periods, adjacent to this a vedagama padasalai is situated. The shiva linga is a swayambu (or a natural formation and not built like Kapaleeshwara temple at Mylapore). Hence pure cows milk alone is used for abhishekam. A Thirumurai mandapam has been set up in which ''[[Tirumurai]]'' are sung daily for the past 11 years. The shrine of Shiva, which has the idols of Shiva in his three forms, Tyagaraja, Marundeeswarar, and [[Nataraja]]. The last shrine is for Marundeeswarar's consort, Goddess [[Tripura Sundari]], who is actually Goddess [[Parvati]]. The ''[[samadhi]]'' of [[Pamban Swamigal]] is also found near the shrine.<ref name="V."/>

== Literary mention ==
The temple is reverred in the verses of ''[[Tevaram]]'', the 7th century saivite canonical work by the two saint poets namely, [[Appar]] and [[Sambandar]].<ref name="kumba"/>
{{Verse translation
|கரையு லாங்கட லிற்பொலி சங்கம்வெள் ளிப்பிவன்
றிரையு லாங்கழி மீனுக ளுந்திரு வான்மியூர்
உரையு லாம்பொரு ளாயுல காளுடை யீர்சொலீர்
வரையு லாமட மாதுட னாகிய மாண்பதே."
|Tiruvāṉmiyūr where the fish leap in the back water where the strong waves move about, taking from the sea which moves towards the shore the shining conches, and white oysters. Lord who rules over the world, being the meaning of the words please tell me about the dignity of having a beautiful lady who wanders in the mountain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Second Thirumurai|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=2&Song_idField=2004&padhi=122+&button=Please+go|publisher=thevaaram.org|access-date = 2012-06-18 }}</ref>}}

Another verse explains the devotion towards the goddess of the temple as
{{Verse translation
|விரையார் கொன்றையினாய் விடமுண்ட மிடற்றினனே
உரையார் பல்புகழா யுமைநங்கையொர் பங்குடையாய்
திரையார் தெண்கடல்சூழ் திருவான்மி யூருறையும்
அரையா வுன்னையல்லா லடையாதென தாதரவே.
|Sivaṉ who wears koṉṟai flowers abundant in fragrance!
who has neck which consumed the poison!
who has many forms of fame which are spoken by devotees!
who has Umai;
a lady of distinction, as a half!
the King who dwells in tiruvāṉmiyūr, surrounded by the clear sea full of waves.
my love will not reach other gods except you.<ref>{{cite web|title=Third Thirumurai|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=3&Song_idField=3055&padhi=126+&button=Please+go|publisher=thevaaram.org|access-date = 2012-06-18 }}</ref>}}

[[Arunagirinathar]] has visited this temple and has sung praises of Subramanya here.

==In News==
The builders of the [[East Coast Road|ECR]] ([[East Coast Road]]) had even considered demolition of the temple of Sage Valmiki lying opposite to the Marundeeswarar temple in order to complete the project (of building the ECR). The high court of Tamil Nadu then directed that the temple be in its place and not to disturb it.

The ''[[Kumbhabhishekham]]'' (coronation after renovation) of the temple was performed on 23 May 2008.<ref name="kumba"/> The construction of the ''Rajagopuram'' on the eastern side of temple started 45 years ago, but was completed only before the function following the Government issued orders for completing it at a cost of Rs 45 lakh.<ref name="kumba"/> Rs 1 crore was spent for improving infrastructure at the temple, which included construction of additional compound wall, Annadanakudam, office complex and amenities for devotees.<ref name="kumba">{{cite news|title='Kumbabhishekam' in progress at Sri Marundheeswarar Temple at Thiruvanmiyur on Friday|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/24/stories/2008052459590400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526075726/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/24/stories/2008052459590400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2008|date=24 May 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date = 2012-06-18 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Heritage structures in Chennai]]

==Notes==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}
{{Reflist|20em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|20em}}
*{{Citation |last=Hodgetts|first=Jim Brayley|title=Madras Matters At Home in South India |year=2008|publisher=Hodgetts |isbn=978-1-4357-0887-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTbDI2N2lL4C&q=marundeeswarar+temple&pg=PA56|ref=Hodgetts}}.
*{{Citation |last=Kamath|first=Rina |title=Chennai |year=2000|publisher=Orient Longman Limited | location =Chennai|isbn= 9788125013785|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bw2vDg2fTrMC&q=parthasarathy+temple+legend&pg=PA31|ref=Kamath}}.
*{{Citation |last=V. |first=Subburaj |title=Tourist Guide to Chennai|year=2006|publisher=Sura Books | location =Chennai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy9ZtMmsZmQC&q=marundeeswarar+temple&pg=PA14|isbn=81-7478-040-8|ref=V.}}.
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071205081427/http://www.indiantemples.com/Tamilnadu/maruchen.html Website for temples of India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071205081427/http://goppuradarisanam.blogspot.in/2017/10/marudeeswarar-temple-thiruvanmiyur.html Goppuradarisanam - Temple visits]

==Gallery==
{{Commons category}}
<gallery>
File:Tiruvanmiyurmarundeesartemple2.jpg|Temple tank near East gopura
File:Maruntheswara Temple Gopuram.jpg|West gopura
File:Lord Maruntheswara Sannathi.jpg|Shrine of goddess
File:Tiruvanmiyurmarundeesartemple3.jpg|Flagpost near West entrance
File:Tiruvanmiyurmarundeesartemple5.jpg|Front mandapa
File:Tiruvanmiyurmarundeesartemple6.jpg|Vimana of presiding deity
</gallery>

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Chennai district]]

All Assam Chess Association

2026-01-30T22:21:04Z

Ayurtreatservices: enhance structure to improve readability and improved wording for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = All Assam Chess Association
| image = All Assam Chess Association Logo.jpg
| image_border =
| size = 100px
| alt =
| caption = Official logo of AACA
| map =
| msize =
| malt =
| mcaption =
| abbreviation = AACA
| motto =
| formation = 1960
| extinction =
| type = Sports organisation
| status = Association
| purpose = [[Chess]]
| headquarters = Chandmari,Guwahati Chess Academy,Guwahati, Assam
| location = Around Assam
| region_served = Entire Assam
| membership = 32 affiliated district associations
| language = English and Assamese
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Kandarpa Kalita
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations = [[All India Chess Federation]]
| num_staff = 22
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| website = [http://www.assamchess.ml/ Official Website]
| remarks =
}}
The '''All Assam Chess Association''' ({{langx|as|'''সদৌ অসম দবা সন্থা'''}}) is a registered (under the Societies Registration Act: XXI of 1860, Number 1347 of 1981–82) chess association of the Assam state of India. It was formed in the late 1960s by Bodiyuz Zaman from Jorhat. The first president of the association was Kamakhya Prasad Tripathi. It is affiliated with the [[All India Chess Federation]] and officially accredited by the [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs]], (FIDE).<ref name="ab">{{cite web|url=http://www.assamchess.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=6|title=All Assam Chess Association|accessdate=11 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725021630/http://www.assamchess.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=6|archive-date=25 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="cd">{{cite web|url=http://www.chessinvasion.com/all-assam-chess-association.html|title=All Assam Chess Association – Indian Chess Association|publisher=Chess Invasion|accessdate=11 February 2010}}</ref>

==Affiliates==
Till date AACA has managed to establish district affiliates in each of Assam's districts. It has no less than 14 Districts out of a possible 23 districts, as well as various chess organizations under its affiliation.<ref name="cd" /> The district affiliates and organizations are even able to send players to participate regularly in National and International chess tournaments and events.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cd" /> Here is a list of the affiliated units:<ref name="ab" />
*Barpeta District Chess Association
*Cachar District Chess Association
*Dibrugarh District Chess Association
*Duliajan Chess Academy, Duliajan Club
*[[Gauhati Town Club]] Chess Foundation
*[[Golaghat district|Golaghat District]] Chess Association
*Guwahati Chess Association
*Hailakandi District Chess Association
*Hojai District Chess Association
*Jorhat District Chess Association
*Kaliabor District Chess Association
*Kamrup District (Rural) Chess Association
*Karimganj District. Chess Association
*[[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar District]] Chess Association
*Mangaldoi District Chess Association
*Morigaon District Chess Association
*[[Nagaon district|Nagaon District]] Chess association
*North Lakhimpur District Chess Association
*Oil India Ltd., Duliajan
*P. C. Borooah Chess Academy
*Sivasagar District Chess Association
*Tezpur District Chess Association
*Tinsukia District Chess Association

==Events==
From 1 to 7 July 2003, the AACA, with the help of the Alekhine Chess Club of Calcutta, organized the Telegraph chess championship at the Netaji Vidyapith Railway Higher Secondary School in [[Maligaon]]. The event was the fourth Guwahati edition of The Telegraph School Chess Championship.<ref name="cd" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chess governing bodies in India|Assam]]
[[Category:Chess in India]]
[[Category:Sport in Assam]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Assam]]

Ajnatavasa

2026-01-04T13:00:48Z

Ayurtreatservices:

{{AI-generated|date=October 2025}}
{{Short description|Special period of exile in Mahabharata}}
[[File:Arjun Uttar at Hayagriv Temple.jpg|thumb|Arjuna disguised as Brihannala and prince Uttara depicted on a chariot as they recover the cattle stolen by enemy.]]
'''Ajnatavasa''' (Sanskrit: अज्ञातवास, ''ajñātavāsa'', lit. "living in obscurity" or "unknown abode") refers to the thirteenth year of exile undertaken by the [[Pandavas]], the protagonists of the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. This period, detailed in The Book of Virata (''[[Virata Parva]]''), required the five Pandava brothers—[[Yudhishthira]], [[Bhima]], [[Arjuna]], [[Nakula]], and [[Sahadeva]]—along with their wife [[Draupadi]], to live incognito after spending twelve years in forest exile.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Buitenen |first1=J. A. B. van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFtXBGNn0aUC&q=mahabharata+book+4 |title=The Mahabharata, Volume 3: Book 4: The Book of the Virata; Book 5: The Book of the Effort |last2=Fitzgerald |first2=James L. |date=1973 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-84665-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-09-05 |title=Pandava-Pravesa Parva [Mahabharata, English] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-mahabharata-mohan/d/doc116914.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Trikha |first=Pradeep |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXylLu3qQbsC&q=agyaat+vaas |title=Textuality and Inter-textuality in the Mahabharata: Myth, Meaning and Metamorphosis |date=2006 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-691-9 |language=en}}</ref> The condition, stipulated after Yudhishthira’s loss in a game of dice against the [[Kauravas]], mandated that they remain unrecognized in a populated area; if discovered, they would face an additional twelve years of exile.<ref name = ":1" />

==Background==
The [[Pandavas]]—[[Yudhishthira]], [[Bhima]], [[Arjuna]], [[Nakula]], and [[Sahadeva]]—along with their wife, [[Draupadi]], were exiled after losing a rigged dice game to the [[Kauravas]] in the ''[[Sabha Parva]]'' (The Book of the Assembly Hall). As per the agreement, they had to endure twelve years in the forest, followed by a year of living incognito. If their identities were discovered during this period, the cycle of exile would restart.<ref name = ":1" />

The legitimacy of their exile's conclusion becomes a matter of debate in the ''[[Virata Parva]]'', with [[Bhishma]], the Kuru patriarch, applying astronomical calculations to determine whether the Pandavas had truly completed the stipulated time. His argument is based on the intercalary system of the [[Jyotisha|Vedic calendar]], which incorporates additional months every five years to align with solar and lunar cycles. He concludes that thirteen years include an additional five months and twelve days, affirming that the Pandavas had fulfilled their obligation.<ref name = ":1" />

==The Pandavas in Disguise==
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Sairandhri (1891).jpg|thumb|[[Draupadi]] disguised as Sairandhri going to the court of [[Keechaka|Kichaka]] carrying a jar of wine, painting by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]
During Ajnatavasa, the Pandavas and Draupadi reside in the kingdom of [[Matsya]], ruled by King [[Virata]], adopting disguises to conceal their identities. Their chosen roles reflect a blend of practicality and symbolic inversion, reminiscent of carnival-like traditions:<ref name = ":1" />

* Yudhishthira assumes the name Kanka and serves as a courtier and dicing master to King Virata. His choice humorously echoes his past gambling misfortune, tempered by a boon from sage Brihadashva granting him skill in dice.
* Bhima, under the alias Ballava ("cowherd"), becomes a cook and wrestler in Virata’s court. Known for his prodigious appetite, Bhima’s role in the kitchen aligns with his strength and love of food.
* Arjuna, adopting the feminine name Brihannada ("large reed"), disguises himself as a transvestite dance teacher. Having learned music and dance from the Gandharva [[Chitrasena (gandharva)|Chitrasena]] during his time in Indra’s heaven, Arjuna teaches these arts to Virata’s daughter, [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uttara]].
* Nakula, as Granthika, works as a horse groom, leveraging his prior experience with cattle and horses in the Pandava kingdom.
* Sahadeva, named Tantipala ("guardian of the rope"), tends to Virata’s cattle, reflecting his pastoral skills.
* Draupadi, calling herself Sairandhri, becomes a chambermaid and hairdresser to Queen [[Sudeshna]], Virata’s wife. Her role isolates her from her husbands, emphasizing her independence during this period.

The Pandavas also receive secret names—Jaya, Jayanta, Vijaya, Jayatsena, and Jayadbala—all meaning "victory," which serve as recognition signals among them. These disguises, while not altering their physical appearances (e.g., Arjuna’s bowstring scars remain visible), test their adaptability and resilience.<ref name = ":1" />

==Events of Ajnatavasa==
{{Main|Virata Parva}}
[[File:Draupadi humiliated RRV.jpg|thumb|[[Draupadi]] as humiliated in [[Virata|Virata's]] court by Kichaka (left), painted by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]
After completing their twelve-year forest exile, Yudhishthira consulted Arjuna to select a place to spend their thirteenth year of incognito exile. Arjuna listed several kingdoms, and Yudhishthira chose the Matsya kingdom ruled by King Virata. The Pandavas entered Matsya disguised as hunters after passing through Surasena.<ref name=":1" />

Each of the Pandavas, along with Draupadi, assumed new identities to conceal their royal lineage. Yudhishthira, as Kanka, was taken into Virata’s court as a Brahmin and master of dice. Bhima, under the name Ballava, was accepted as a cook. Draupadi became a maidservant to Queen Sudeshna, persuading the queen to employ her by claiming to be married to five Gandharvas. Sahadeva presented himself as Tantipala, a cowherd, and Nakula as Granthika, a horse groom. Arjuna, disguised as a woman named Brihannala, offered his services as a dance instructor. In these roles, the Pandavas supported themselves while maintaining their concealment.<ref name=":1" />

Ten months after, Kichaka, the powerful commander and brother to Queen Sudeshna, developed an obsession with Draupadi and assaulted her. Bhima avenged her by killing Kichaka in a brutal fight. In retaliation, Kichaka's kin attempted to immolate Draupadi, but Bhima intervened and killed over a hundred of them. In the aftermath, spies from Hastinapura reported Kichaka’s death to Duryodhana. Suspecting the Pandavas might be hiding in Matsya, the Kauravas, together with their allies the Trigartas, initiated a double cattle raid. Susarman, king of the Trigartas, launched the first attack. Virata, unaware of the true identities of the Pandavas, enlisted them—except Arjuna—to defend the kingdom. Bhima captured Susarman and freed the king, who offered to anoint Yudhishthira as ruler, but was persuaded instead to proclaim victory in the city.<ref name=":1" />

Simultaneously, the Kauravas raided more cattle. Virata’s son, Prince Uttara, boasted he would confront the Kauravas alone, but panicked when he saw their army. Draupadi suggested Brihannala as his charioteer. Arjuna recovered his weapons, revealed his identity to Uttara, and rode out. In the ensuing battle, Arjuna single-handedly defeated numerous Kaurava warriors, including Kripa, Drona, Karna, Bhishma, and Ashvatthaman. He routed the enemy forces, collected garments from the fallen warriors, and directed Uttara to proclaim the victory in his own name.<ref name=":1" />

As Virata and the Pandavas returned victorious, Virata was informed that his son had gone out to face the Kauravas. Disturbed, he prepared to send reinforcements. Yudhishthira reassured him, saying that with Brihannala at his side, Uttara could not lose. When Uttara’s return was announced, Virata organised a jubilant welcome. The king, exhilarated, invited Yudhishthira to a game of dice, which the latter reluctantly accepted while warning of the dangers of gambling. During the game, Virata repeatedly praised Uttara, but Yudhishthira credited Brihannala. Annoyed, Virata threw the dice at Yudhishthira, injuring his nose. Draupadi quietly brought a golden bowl to prevent the blood from touching the ground, which would have been seen as a bad omen. When Uttara and Brihannala arrived, Yudhishthira asked that Arjuna remain outside to avoid his seeing the bloodied injury.<ref name=":1" />

Two days later, the Pandavas donned royal garments and sat on thrones in the court. Virata was astonished and questioned their identities. Arjuna revealed Yudhishthira’s royal status and introduced the other brothers. Uttara described Arjuna’s martial feats. Deeply apologetic, Virata offered his daughter Uttara in marriage. Arjuna accepted her on behalf of his son Abhimanyu, thus forging a marital alliance between the Pandavas and the Matsya kingdom.<ref name=":1" />

==Themes and Cultural Parallels==

The concept of Ajnatavasa aligns with broader cultural and mythological motifs of disguise, exile, and role reversals. Scholars have drawn comparisons between the Pandavas’ masquerade and ancient Indian festivals like [[Holi]] and [[Kama]] Utsava, which temporarily subvert social hierarchies. The festivities associated with the Vedic New Year often involved role reversals and transgressive behaviors, paralleling the Pandavas’ temporary shifts in status and identity.<ref name = ":1" />

Additionally, the number twelve in Indian tradition is frequently associated with the cycle of the year, leading some scholars to speculate that the twelve-year exile symbolized a grand cosmic cycle. The thirteenth year, in this interpretation, represents a liminal phase, akin to transitional periods in ritual and mythological structures.<ref name = ":1" />

The term "Ajnatavasa" itself, derived from Sanskrit ajñāta ("unknown") and vāsa ("abode"), underscores the theme of anonymity. In broader Indian literature, it symbolizes a period of concealment or self-imposed obscurity, often undertaken by figures in exile or penance.<ref name = ":1" />

==Scholarly Debate==
The episode of ''Ajnātavāsa'' spend in the court of Virata—has drawn considerable scholarly attention due to questions surrounding its narrative function and historical development within the ''Mahabharata''. Scholars have long debated whether this section, enshrined in The Book of Virata, constitutes a later addition to the epic's core. Elements such as the prominence of the goddess [[Durga]], referred to by her Puranic epithet ''mahāmuṇḍamardinī'', and the anachronistic depiction of Arjuna’s bow [[Gandiva]] being wielded for sixty-five years, have been cited as evidence of textual layering and interpolation.<ref name = ":1" />

[[Edward Washburn Hopkins|E. Washburn Hopkins]] notably argued for the lateness of the ''Virāṭaparvan'', using linguistic and thematic cues to highlight inconsistencies with earlier narrative structures. These include the abrupt insertion of the Durga hymn and the portrayal of Arjuna as both youthful and yet retrospectively experienced, as indicated by the improbable timeline associated with his weaponry.<ref name = ":1" />

In engaging with such assessments, [[J. A. B. van Buitenen]] offered a more moderated view. While he acknowledged the likelihood that The Book of Virata is a later development, he questioned the methodology of outright rejection of interpolations. Van Buitenen proposed that additions like the Ajnatavasa episode may have originated organically from narrative gaps in earlier material—such as the unexplained presence of the Pandavas in [[Matsya kingdom|Matsya]]—and thus represent narrative expansions rather than arbitrary insertions. Moreover, he suggested that Virata fulfills a symbolic and structural role within the epic. Its emphasis on disguise, role reversal, and festivity evokes cultural themes associated with the seasonal transition at the month of [[Phalguna|Phalguni]]. In this light, Ajnatavasa functions as a pivot between the end of exile and the onset of war, reinforcing the epic’s broader themes of transformation and continuity.<ref name = ":1" />

== References ==
<references />{{Mahabharata}}
[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Ancient India]]
[[Category:Indian subcontinent]]

Chandana Bauri

2025-12-26T08:25:46Z

Ayurtreatservices: quick update

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandana Bauri
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Saltora (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saltora]]
| predecessor = Swapan Bouri
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|30|2021}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/MTgx/MTY=/MTA=/Mw==/QUM=|access-date=4 May 2021|website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref>
| spouse = Sraban Bauri
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| residence = Village Kelai, P.O.Bisinda, P.S. Gangajal Ghati, Dist-[[Bankura]], West Bengal
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chandana Bauri''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=Chandana Bauri: BJP candidate Chandana Bauri, wife of mason, wins Saltora|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-elections-results-bjps-chandana-bauri-wife-of-mason-wins-saltora/articleshow/82365381.cms|access-date=3 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 25, 2021|first=Suryagni|last=Roy|title=Bengal elections: Wife of daily-wage labourer, Chandana Bauri is BJP's candidate from Saltora|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-elections-wife-of-daily-wage-labourer-chandana-bauri-is-bjp-s-candidate-from-saltora-1783730-2021-03-25|access-date=3 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> In May 2021, she was elected as the member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Saltora (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saltora (constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25247.htm?ac=247|access-date=3 May 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 May 2021|title=Saltora Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Chandana Bauri of BJP wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/saltora-election-result-2021-live-updates-saltora-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696653.html|access-date=3 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BJP's Chandana Bauri, Wife Of Daily Wage Labourer, Wins Saltora|url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/west-bengal-election-results-2021-bjps-chandana-bauri-wife-of-daily-wage-labourer-wins-saltora-2426571|access-date=3 May 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> She defeated Santosh Kumar Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress]] by 4,145 votes in [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 West Bengal Assembly election]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bauri, Chandana}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Bankura district]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}

Xenophrys vegrandis

2025-12-18T04:15:22Z

Ayurtreatservices: new

{{Short description|Species of frog}}
{{speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. |year=2023 |title=''Megophrys vegrandis'' |volume=2023 |article-number=e.T88368304A166116688 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T88368304A166116688.en |access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref>
| taxon = Xenophrys vegrandis
| authority = (Mahony, Teeling & Biju, 2013)
| synonyms = ''Megophrys vegrandis'' Mahony, Teeling & Biju, 2013
}}

'''''Xenophrys vegrandis''''' is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Megophryidae]] from [[West Kameng District]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Xenophrys vegrandis'' (Mahony, Teeling, Biju, 2013) {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Megophryidae/Megophryinae/Xenophrys/Xenophrys-vegrandis |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q17000339}}

[[Category:Xenophrys|vegrandis]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 2013]]

{{Megophryidae-stub}}

Vipin Buckshey

2025-12-09T10:22:44Z

Ayurtreatservices:

{{Short description|Indian optometrist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vipin Buckshey
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 3 June 1955
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Optometrist
| yearsactive =
| known for = Optometry
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = www.visualaidscentre.com
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Vipin Buckshey''' is an Indian [[optometrist]]<ref name="Practo">{{cite web | url=https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-vipin-buckshey-ophthalmologist | title=Practo | publisher=Practo | date=2014 | access-date=29 December 2014 | archive-date=29 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230824/https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-vipin-buckshey-ophthalmologist | url-status=dead }}</ref> and the official optometrist to the [[President of India]].<ref name="Visual Aids Centre">{{cite web | url=http://www.visualaidscentre.com/about-us/our-team/vipin-buckshey/ | title=Visual Aids Centre | publisher=Visual Aids Centre | date=2014 | access-date=29 December 2014 | archive-date=29 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229115512/http://www.visualaidscentre.com/about-us/our-team/vipin-buckshey/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Born on 3 June 1955 in [[Gwalior]], in the Indian state of [[madhya Pradesh]], he did his schooling at the Frank Anthony Public School after which secured a degree in optometry from the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]], New Delhi.<ref name="Visual Aids Centre" /> He started his career at Lawrence and Mayo,<ref name="Lawrence and Mayo">{{cite web | url=http://www.lawrenceandmayo.co.in/ | title=Lawrence and Mayo | publisher=Lawrence and Mayo | date=2014 | access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> Delhi and a ophthalmic executive where he is reported to have established a [[contact lens]] division.<ref name="Visual Aids Centre" /> Buckshey, who is known to have served five former [[Presidents of India]]{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} and the [[Dalai Lama]],<ref name="Expat India">{{cite web | url=http://thisisexpatindia.com/a-review-of-lasik-laser-eye-surgery-in-india-an-experience-of-medical-tourism-in-india/ | title=Expat India | publisher=Expat India | date=21 March 2013 | access-date=29 December 2014 | archive-date=13 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813014748/http://thisisexpatindia.com/a-review-of-lasik-laser-eye-surgery-in-india-an-experience-of-medical-tourism-in-india/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> is a former president of the Indian Contact Lens Society and the Indian Optometric Association<ref name="Visual Aids Centre" /> and is credited with performing over 15,000 surgeries.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} He was honored by the [[Government of India]], in 2000, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Padma Awards | date=2014 | access-date=11 November 2014 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2025, during President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa’s state visit to India marking 70 years of Mongolia–India relations, [https://president.mn/en/2025/10/16/president-of-mongolia-confers-state-decorations-on-indian-citizens/ Buckshey received Mongolia’s Friendship Medal] for his contributions to bilateral .

Founded in the year 1980 by Vipin Buckshey, Visual Aids Centre became the first eye centre in Delhi to introduce [https://www.visualaidscentre.com/lasik-eye-surgery-in-delhi/ LASIK surgery in Delhi] in the year 1999. Since then, Visual Aids has been at the forefront of newer technologies in Laser Vision Correction surgery with constant upgrades every year and we have had the great fortune of performing over 250,000 Laser Vision Correction procedures which is the highest number of procedures performed by a private eye centre in India.

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Optometry]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India|Medicine}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buckshey, Vipin}}
[[Category:Indian health professionals]]
[[Category:Optometrists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]

Ittaa Kittaa

2025-12-08T04:09:10Z

Ayurtreatservices: made new page w/ infobox...

{{Short description|2024 Indian Gujarati film by Abhinn Sharma and Manthan Purohit}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English |date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ittaa Kittaa
| image = Ittaa Kittaa.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{Plainlist|
*Abhinn Sharma
*Manthan Purohit
}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Pankaj Keshruwala
*Chandni Soni
*Vikas Agrawal
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
*Antima Pawar
*Azhar Saiyed
}}
| music = Kedar-Bhargav
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Manasi Parekh]]
* [[Raunaq Kamdar]]
* Alpana Buch
}}
| cinematography = Tapan Vyas
| studio = {{Plainlist|
*Janvi Productions
*Gayatri Productions
}}
| distributor = Rupam Entertainment Pvt Ltd
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|01|19}}
}}
'''''Ittaa Kittaa''''' is a [[List of Gujarati films of 2024|2024]] [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] family drama film,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/ittaa-kittaa-teaser-unveils-a-heartwarming-gujarati-family-dramaexclusive/articleshow/106214289.cms?from=mdr|title='Ittaa Kittaa' teaser unveils a heartwarming Gujarati family drama—exclusive!|newspaper=The Times of India|date=December 23, 2023|access-date=2 January 2024|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102130914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/ittaa-kittaa-teaser-unveils-a-heartwarming-gujarati-family-dramaexclusive/articleshow/106214289.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by Abhinn Sharma and Manthan Purohit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/itta-katta-first-look-manasi-parekh-starrer-promises-a-fun-entertainer/articleshow/106097228.cms?from=mdr|title='Itta Katta' first look: Manasi Parekh starrer promises a fun entertainer|newspaper=The Times of India|date=December 18, 2023|access-date=2 January 2024|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102130913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/itta-katta-first-look-manasi-parekh-starrer-promises-a-fun-entertainer/articleshow/106097228.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> and written by Antima Pawar and Azhar Saiyed. It stars [[Manasi Parekh]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekhs-ittaa-kittaa-to-release-on-february-9-2024/articleshow/104465633.cms?from=mdr|title=Raunaq Kamdar and Manasi Parekh's 'ITTAA KITTAA' to release on February 9, 2024|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 16, 2023|access-date=2 January 2024|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103174611/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekhs-ittaa-kittaa-to-release-on-february-9-2024/articleshow/104465633.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Raunaq Kamdar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/ittaa-kittaa-makers-release-first-look-of-raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekh-starrer-gujarati-film-204861|title=Ittaa Kittaa: Makers release first look of Raunaq Kamdar and Manasi Parekh starrer Gujarati film | Ittaa Kittaa: રોનક કામદાર અને માનસી પારેખ સ્ટારર આ ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મનો ફર્સ્ટ લૂક આવ્યો સામે|date=October 16, 2023|website=www.gujaratimidday.com|access-date=2 January 2024|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102130914/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/ittaa-kittaa-makers-release-first-look-of-raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekh-starrer-gujarati-film-204861|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by Pankaj Keshruwala, Chandni Soni, and Vikas Agarwal.

== Cast ==
* [[Manasi Parekh]]
* [[Raunaq Kamdar]]
* Alpana Buch
* Jia Vaidya
*Princy Prajapati
* Prashant Barot

== Production ==
The film was shot across various parts of [[Gujarat]]. The film's music of the film was composed and arranged by Kedar-Bhargav with lyrics by Bhargav Purohit and [[Kirtidan Gadhvi]]. [[Aishwarya Majumdar]] and [[Jigardan Gadhavi]] have given their voices to the film.

== Release ==

{{Empty section|date=December 2025}}

== Reception ==
Kanksha Vasavada of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 4 out of 5. She praised the concept, story, direction, music and performances.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ittaa Kittaa Movie Review : A good family entertainer that explores a fresh concept |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/ittaa-kittaa/movie-review/106979500.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208062500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/ittaa-kittaa/movie-review/106979500.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Chetansingh Chauhan of ''NewzDaddy'' rated it 3.5 out of 5. He praised the performances and direction but criticised a predictable story, the pace and a lack of "comic punches".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-01-19 |title=Review of Gujarati Movie "Ittaa Kittaa" |url=https://www.newzdaddy.com/review-of-gujarati-movie-ittaa-kittaa/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Newz Daddy |language=en-GB |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208062500/https://www.newzdaddy.com/review-of-gujarati-movie-ittaa-kittaa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Virat Verma of ''FlickOnClick'' rated it 3.5 out of 5 and liked script, direction and performances.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Ittaa Kittaa Gujarati Movie Review: A Hilarious Comedy of Errors |url=https://www.flickonclick.com/ittaa-kittaa-gujarati-movie-review-a-hilarious-comedy-of-errors/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208062828/https://www.flickonclick.com/ittaa-kittaa-gujarati-movie-review-a-hilarious-comedy-of-errors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rachna Joshi of ''Mid-Day Gujarati'' praised the concept and reviewed it positively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title='Itta Kitta' Review : Manasi Parekh and Raunaq Kamdar starrer complete family entertainer gives unique message to society {{!}} 'Itta Kitta' Review : સંપૂર્ણ પારિવારિક ફિલ્મ ક્યારેક હસાવશે તો ક્યારેક રડાવશે |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/itta-kitta-review-manasi-parekh-and-raunaq-kamdar-starrer-complete-family-entertainer-gives-unique-message-to-society-211208 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208062826/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/itta-kitta-review-manasi-parekh-and-raunaq-kamdar-starrer-complete-family-entertainer-gives-unique-message-to-society-211208 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati films of 2024]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|29615171}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2020s Gujarati-language films]]

Ustad Isa

2025-12-02T20:41:07Z

Ayurtreatservices: small changes

{{Short description|Persian architect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
[[File:Edwin Lord Weeks - The Taj Mahal - Walters 37316.jpg|thumb|The Taj Mahal.]]

'''Ustad Isa Shirazi ''' ({{langx|fa|استاد عيسى شیرازی}} translation ''Master Isa'') was a [[Persian people|Persian]] architect<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Taj Mahal |url=https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Taj-Mahal/Construction-of-the-Taj-Mahal.php |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=wonders-of-the-world.net |quote=Ustad Isa [Shirazi] and Isa Muhammad Effendi, from Persia: Architectural Designer}}</ref> from the city of [[Shiraz]] in [[Safavid Iran|Safavid Persia]] (modern-day [[Iran]])<ref name=":0" /> often described as the assistant architect of the [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]], India.<ref>(Heather Kissock) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb62DwAAQBAJ&dq=Ustad+Isa&pg=PA16 Ustad Isa, Chief Designer page 16] Taj Mahal (The Builders including Ustad Isa) via Google Books, Published 2018, Retrieved 18 November 2021</ref>

The lack of complete and reliable information as to whom the credit for the design belongs, led to innumerable speculations. Scholars suggest the story of Ustad Isa was born of the eagerness of the British in the 19th century to believe that such a beautiful building should be credited to a European architect. Local informants were reported to have started British curiosity regarding the origins of the Taj by also supplying them with fictitious lists of workmen and materials from all over Asia. Not much is currently known about his background though his surname ''Shirazi'' indicates Persian origin. Certain sources have conflated Ustad Isa Shirazi with Isa Muhammad Effendi,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Creation History |url=https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/creation-history-of-taj-mahal.aspx |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=tajmahal.gov.in |quote=Architects and Craftsmen; Ustad Isa and Isa Muhammad Effendi of Persia, Credited with a key role in the architectural design.}}</ref> which would corroborate a [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turco-Persian]] origin.

Recent research suggests the architect, [[Ustad Ahmad Lahauri]] was the most likely candidate as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal, an assertion based on a claim made in writings by Lahauri's son Lutfullah Muhandis.<ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/ Taj Mahal Description and Profile] UNESCO website, Retrieved 18 November 2021</ref><ref name="A212">Asher, p.212</ref><ref name="B65">Begley and Desai, p.65</ref><ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_14.html The Age of Splendor (The Reign of Shah Jahan)] Columbia University website, Retrieved 18 November 2021</ref>

==See also==
*[[Taj Mahal]]- Built (1632–1653)
*[[Mughal architecture]]
*[[Shah Jahan]] (1628–1707)

Ustad Isa Shirazi was the assistant of [[Ustad Ahmad Lahori]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book| last1 = A| last2 = Desai | first2 = Z.A.| title = Taj Mahal – The Illumined Tomb | year = 1989 | publisher = University of Washington Press | isbn = 978-0-295-96944-2 | pages =392 }}
*{{cite book| last = Koch | first = Ebba | author-link= Ebba Koch | title = The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra | url = https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch | url-access = registration | date = Aug 2006 | edition = First| publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd | isbn = 0-500-34209-1}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isa, Ustad}}
[[Category:Architects from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Taj Mahal]]

Sanjay Raut

2025-11-25T07:22:33Z

Ayurtreatservices: updated references for clarity and fixed typos for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1961)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Sanjay Raut
| image = Bappa Lahiri, Bappi Lahiri, Swapna Patker, Sanjay Raut (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 250
| caption =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1namedata1 = *[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
*[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
*[[Venkaiah Naidu]]
*[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| term_start1 = 5 July 2004
| term_end1 =
| office2 = [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Leader of Shiv Sena (UBT), Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 2024
| term_end2 =
| office3 = Member, [[List of Indian parliamentary committees|Committee on Home Affairs and Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Civil Aviation]]
| term_start3 = 2005
| term_end3 =
| office4 = [[Saamana|Editor-in-chief, Saamana]]
| term_start4 = 28 November 2019
| term_end4 = 1 March 2020
| predecessor4 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| successor4 = [[Rashmi Thackeray]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|11|15}}<ref name=rajyasabha>{{cite web |title=Detailed Profile: Shri Sanjay Raut |url=https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=1945 |website=Archive.india.gov.in |access-date=December 31, 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Alibag]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = {{marriage|Varsha Raut|1992}}<ref name=rajyasabha/>
| party = [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] (from 2022)
|otherparty=[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (till 2022)
| relations = [[Sunil Raut]] (brother)
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Mumbai University]]<ref name=rajyasabha/>
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|journalist|film producer}}
| profession =
| footnotes =
| termend =
}}

'''Sanjay Rajaram Raut'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-05 |title='Eknath Shinde era over, he has been tossed aside': Sanjay Raut ahead of Devendra Fadnavis swearing-in as Maharashtra CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/eknath-shinde-era-over-he-has-been-tossed-aside-sanjay-raut-ahead-of-devendra-fadnavis-swearing-in/articleshow/115993379.cms |access-date=2024-12-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[sənd͡ʒəj ɾaːut̪]]]; born 15 November 1961) is an [[Indian politician]] from [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] party. He is a member of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[Maharashtra]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament]]. He is the Executive Editor of Marathi newspaper ''[[Saamana]]'', published by [[Uddhav Thackeray]], the Shiv Sena party leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saamana.com|title=सामना वृत्तपत्र}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/clerk-turned-editor-charts-senas-success-raut/articleshow/72192389.cms | title=Clerk-turned-editor charts Sena's success Raut | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=23 November 2019 | access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>

Sanjay Raut is also the writer of ''[[Thackeray (2019 film)|Thackeray]]'', a biopic about [[Bal Thackeray]], the founder of Shiv Sena, released in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/thackeray-it-is-not-easy-to-make-film-on-balasaheb-says-shiv-sena-chief-uddhav-4270727.html|title=Thackeray: It is not easy to make film on Balasaheb, says Shiv Sena chief Uddhav- Firstpost|work=Firstpost|access-date=2018-08-25|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Member of coordination committee of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance==
He has been appointed a member of the Coordination Committee of the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] at its Mumbai convention on 1 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-19 |title=Opposition alliance named 'INDIA', 11-member coordination committee to decide on all important issues |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-to-hold-third-meeting-in-mumbai/articleshow/101860451.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mritunjay |title=Sharad Pawar, Tejashwi, Raghav Chadha Named In I.N.D.I.A's 13-Member Coordination Panel |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/india-coordination-committee-announcement-members-arvind-kejriwal-mamata-banerjee-nitish-kumar-1626766 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref> The coordination committee will decide the national agenda, common campaign issues and common program of the country's main opposition alliance ([[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]]).

==Controversies==
After the arrest of the two girls who posted and liked a comment on [[Facebook]] about their view of [[Mumbai]] shutting down after the death of [[Bal Thackeray|Bala Saheb Thackeray]], he justified saying "We support the police's action, the Facebook comments could have led to a law and order situation."<ref name="NDTV India">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/facebook-arrest-row-we-support-police-action-against-women-says-shiv-sena-294784
|title=Facebook arrest row: We support police action against women, says Shiv Sena
|date=2012-11-20
|work=[[Abhinav Bhatt]]
|publisher=[[NDTV India|NDTV]]
|access-date=2012-11-20}}</ref>

In April 2015, he created controversy by saying the voting rights of [[Muslims]] should be revoked for some years to ensure the community is not used for vote bank politics. In the newspaper ''[[Saamna]]'', he wrote in a column, "Till Muslims are used as vote-banks, they have no future. This is why Bal Thackeray had demanded that Muslims' voting rights be taken away."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/revoke-voting-rights-of-muslims-says-shiv-sena-leader-sanjay-raut/article1-1336460.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413093053/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/revoke-voting-rights-of-muslims-says-shiv-sena-leader-sanjay-raut/article1-1336460.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2015|title=Sanjay Raut says revoke Muslims' voting rights, faces flak|date=2015-04-12|newspaper=/www.hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/controversy-over-shiv-sena-leader-sanjay-rauts-remarks-on-voting-rights-of-muslims-754300|title=Scrap Voting Rights of Muslims, Says Shiv Sena's Sanjay Raut, Sparks Controversy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/shiv-sena-attacks-owaisi-brothers-over-vote-bank-politics-urges-to-revoke-muslims-voting-rights_1577428.html|title=Voting rights of Muslims should be withdrawn: Shiv Sena mouthpiece|date=12 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sanjay-raut-muslims-voting-rights-shiv-sena-saamna-248230-2015-04-12|title=Muslims voting rights should be revoked: Sena leader Sanjay Raut}}</ref> Raut was taken into custody and detained by the ED in the [[Patra Chawl scam]] case. Sanjay Raut allegedly received funds from Pravin Raut, the main accused of the Rs. 60,000 crores scam. The latter is said to have gained access to high levels in the government due to his close relationship with Sanjay Raut, who is a relative, close aide, and also business partner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained {{!}} What is Patra Chawl case in which Shiv Sena's Sanjay Raut, his kin could be investigated |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-patra-chawl-case-shiv-sena-sanjay-raut-1910797-2022-02-09 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, in the middle of the [[2022 Maharashtra political crisis|political turmoil in Maharashtra]], Raut was served notice by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) of interrogation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ED Summons Sanjay Raut, 'Behead Me But Won't Take Guwahati Route,' Says Shiv Sena MP |url=https://thewire.in/politics/sanjay-raut-enforcement-directorate-shiv-sena |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Wire}}</ref>
==Rajya Sabha Election History==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Position
! colspan="2" | Party
! Constituency
! From
! To
! Tenure
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (1st Term)
| {{Party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}
| rowspan=4 | [[Maharashtra]]
| 5 July 2004
| 4 July 2010
| '''{{ayd|2004|7|5|2010|7|4}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (2nd Term)
| 5 July 2010
| 4 July 2016
| '''{{ayd|2010|7|5|2016|7|4}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (3rd Term)
| 5 July 2016
| 4 July 2022
| '''{{ayd|2016|7|5|2022|7|4}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (4th Term)
| {{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| 5 July 2022
| 4 July 2028
| '''{{ayd|2022|7|5|2028|7|4}}'''
|}

==Member of Rajya Sabha==
* Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (2004-2010) and Leader of [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] in [[Rajya Sabha]]. (2004-2009)<ref>{{cite web|title=संपर्क प्रशासकीय यंत्रणा – शिवसेना नेते, उपनेते, सचिव, प्रवक्ते - शिवसेना|url=http://shivsena.org/m/admin-wing/#toggle-id-1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912020036/http://shivsena.org/m/admin-wing/#toggle-id-1|archive-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
::;Parliamentary Committee assignments
::*Member of Committee on Home Affairs Member
::*Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Civil Aviation (2005-2009)

*Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (Second term) (2010-2016)
::;Parliamentary Committee assignments
::*Member of Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution Member
::*Member Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Power (2010)
* Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (Third term) (2016-2022)
::;Parliamentary Committee assignments
::* 13 September 2021 onwards: Member, Consultative Committee, [[Committee on External Affairs]]<ref name="Committee on External Affairs">{{cite web |title=Committee on External Affairs : Loksabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=2 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
* Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (fourth term) (2022–present) representing [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] after [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] split in June 2022.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha polls: 6 candidates from Maharashtra elected unopposed|url=https://www.naidunia.com/national-goyal-chidambaram-prabhu-yadav-elected-to-rajya-sabha-751413}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |first=Sanjay |last=Raut |title=Narkatla Swarg |date=March 2025 |publisher=New Era Publishing House}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|India
}}
* [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha Members]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://sanjayraut.in/}}
* [https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/Main.aspx Profile on Rajya Sabha website]

{{Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra for term 2010-2016}}
{{Shiv Sena}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raut, Sanjay}}
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Alibag]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena (UBT) politicians]]

Narmada Bachao Andolan

2025-11-24T22:25:33Z

Ayurtreatservices:

{{Short description|Environmental initiative to save river Narmada}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2012}}
[[File:NBA logo.jpg|thumb|Narmada Bachao Andolan logo. It reads, {{lang|hi|नर्मदा बचाओ}}, 'Save the Narmada River!']]
'''''Narmada Bachao Andolan''''' (NBA, {{langx|hi|नर्मदा बचाओ आंदोलन}}, 'Save the Narmada River Movement') is an Indian [[social movement]] spearheaded by native tribes (''[[adivasis]]''), [[farmer]]s, [[environmentalist]]s and [[human rights]] [[activist]]s against a number of large [[dam]] projects across the [[Narmada River]], which drains into the [[Arabian Sea]], after flowing through the states of [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Maharashtra]].
The [[Sardar Sarovar Dam]] in Gujarat is one of the biggest dams on the river, and was one of the first focal points of the movement. It is part of the [[Narmada Dam Project]], whose main aim is to provide [[irrigation]] and [[Electricity generation|electricity]] to people of the above states.

The mode of campaign under NBA includes [[Legal proceeding|court actions]], [[hunger strike]]s, rallies, and gathering support from notable film and art personalities. The NBA, with its leading spokespersons [[Medha Patkar]] and [[Baba Amte]], received the [[Right Livelihood Award]] in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/medha-patkar-and-baba-amte-narmada-bachao-andolan/|title=Medha Patkar and Baba Amte / Narmada Bachao AndolanThe RightLivelihood Award|website=www.right livelihoodaward.org|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026002522/http://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/medha-patkar-and-baba-amte-narmada-bachao-andolan/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Sardar sarovar dam.jpg|thumb|[[Sardar Sarovar Dam]]]]
After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|India's independence]] in 1947, under the newly formed government headed by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], investigations were carried out to evaluate mechanisms for using water from the [[Narmada River]],<ref name="narmadapreinvestigation">{{cite news |url=http://www.nca.gov.in/imp_date.html |title=Relevant dates prior to the constitution of the tribunal|work=Narmada Control Authority |access-date=2008-02-10}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> which flows into the [[Arabian Sea]] after passing through the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]]. The formation of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal was triggered by interstate differences in implementing schemes and sharing of water by the [[Government of India]] on 6 October 1969 to [[Adjudication|adjudicate]] over the disputes.<ref name="NWDT">{{cite news |title=Relevant dates before the constitution of the tribunal|work=Narmada Valley Development Government of Madhya Pradesh }}</ref> The [[tribunal]] investigated the matters referred to it, and responded after more than 10 years. The Narmada Tribunal aimed to set out conditions regarding the resettlement and rehabilitation of those displaced by the dams.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Story of Narmada Bachao Andolan: Human Rights in the Global Economy and the Struggle Against the World Bank|last=Narula|first=Smita|publisher=New York University School of Law|year=2008|pages=7}}</ref> On 12 December 1979, after ten years of investigation, the decision as given by the tribunal, with all the parties at dispute binding to it, was released by the Indian government.<ref name="NWDT"/>

As per the tribunal's decision, 30 major, 135 medium, and 3000 small dams were approved for construction, including raising the height of the [[Sardar Sarovar Project|Sardar Sarovar dam]].<ref name=" NWDT"/> This decision was motivated by the assumption that it would provide water to around forty million people, irrigation, and electricity to people in the region.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Role of Law in Counter-Hegemonic Globalization and Global Legal Pluralism: Lessons from the Narmada Valley Struggle in India|last=Rajagopal|first=Balakrishnan|publisher=Leiden Journal of International Law|pages=358}}</ref> Thus, the construction began.

In 1985, after hearing about the Sardar Sarovar Dam, Medha Patkar and her colleagues visited the project site and noticed that project work was being checked due to an order by the [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment and Forests]], Government of India. The reasons for this was cited as "non-fulfillment of basic environmental conditions and the lack of completion of crucial studies and plans".<ref>{{cite book | last = Fisher | first = William | title = Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River | publisher = M. E. Sharpe | year = 1995 | pages = 157–158 | isbn = 978-1-56324-341-7}}</ref> The people who were going to be affected by the construction of the dam were given no information but the offer for rehabilitation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Towards Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River|last=Fisher|first=William|publisher=M.E Sharpe |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-56324-341-7 |pages=159}}</ref> Villagers weren't consulted and weren't asked for a feedback on the assessment that had taken place. Furthermore, the officials related to the project had not even checked the land records and updated them.<ref name=":0" /> While [[World Bank]], the financing agency for this project, came into the picture, Patkar approached the Ministry of Environment to seek clarifications. After seeking answers from the ministry, she realized that the project was not sanctioned at all and wondered as to how funds were even sanctioned by the World Bank. After several studies, they realized that the officials had overlooked the post-project problems.<ref>{{cite book | last = Fisher | first = William | title = Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River | publisher = M. E. Sharpe | year = 1995 | pages = 159–160 | isbn = 978-1-56324-341-7}}</ref>

Through Patkar's channel of communication between the government and the residents, she provided critiques to the project authorities and the governments involved. At the same time, her group realized that all those displaced were given compensation only for the immediate standing crop and not for displacement and rehabilitation.<ref>{{cite book | last = Fisher | first = William | title = Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River | publisher = M. E. Sharpe | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-1-56324-341-7 | page = 161}}</ref>

As Patkar remained immersed in the Narmada struggle, she chose to quit her PhD studies to focus entirely on the Narmada activity.<ref name="bio">{{cite news|url=http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/imow-Patkar.pdf|title=Medha Patkar: Biography|work=Women in World History|access-date=2008-02-10|archive-date=13 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713181808/http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/imow-Patkar.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Thereafter, she organized a 36-day solidarity march among the neighboring states of the Narmada valley from Madhya Pradesh to the Sardar Sarovar dam site.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mehta|first=Mona G.|date=2010-10-12|title=A river of no dissent: Narmada Movement and coercive Gujarati nativism|journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=509–528 |doi=10.1080/19472498.2010.507023|issn=1947-2498}}</ref> She said that the march was "a path symbolizing the long path of struggle (both immediate and long-term) that [they] really had".<ref name="book166">{{cite book | last = Fisher | first = William | title = Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River | publisher = M. E. Sharpe | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-1-56324-341-7 | page = 166}}</ref> The march was resisted by the police, who according to Patkar were "caning the marchers and arresting them and tearing the clothes off women activists".<ref name="book166"/>

Within the focus of the NBA towards the stoppage of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, Patkar advised adding the World Bank to its propaganda.<ref name="bio" /> Using the right to [[Fasting#Fasting as a statement|fasting]], she undertook a 22-day fast that almost took her life.<ref name="fasting">{{Cite web |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2006/07/over-her-dead-body/ |title=Over Her Dead Body |date=2006-06-27 |website=Mother Jones |access-date=2019-08-20 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821011626/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2006/07/over-her-dead-body/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Patkar's actions did force the World Bank to set up The Morse Commission, an independent review of the project.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Progress on the Environmental Front: The Regulation of Industry and Development in India |first1=Kathleen D. |last1=Yurchak |first2=Armin |last2=Rosencranz |journal=Hastings International and Comparative Law Review |year=1996|volume=19 |number=3 |page=515}}</ref> Their report clearly stated that the Bank's policies on environment and resettlement were being violated by the project.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The World Bank and Human Rights: The Need for Greater Accountability |last=Clark |first=Dana |publisher=HARV. HUM. RTS. |year=2002|pages=205, 217}}</ref> The World Bank's participation in these projects was canceled in 1993.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations|last=Caufield|first=Catherine|year=1996|pages=Ch–1}}</ref> Before the World Bank could pull out, the Indian Government did.<ref name=":1" />

She undertook a similar fast in 1993 and resisted evacuation from the dam site.<ref name="fasting" /> In 1994, the Narmada Bachao Andolan office was attacked reportedly by a couple of political parties, and Patkar and other activists were physically assaulted and verbally abused.<ref name="southasiabook">{{cite book |title=Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environmental Movement |last=Rowell |first=Andrew |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-415-12827-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greenbacklashglo0000rowe/page/285 285] |url=https://archive.org/details/greenbacklashglo0000rowe/page/285 }}</ref> In protest, a few NBA activists and she began a fast; 20 days later, they were arrested and forcibly fed intravenously.<ref name="southasiabook" />

The Sardar Sarovar Dam's construction began again in 1999 after the construction was allowed and was declared finished in 2006. It was inaugurated in 2017 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Damodardas Modi]]. Since construction in 2017, the height has been increased from 138 meters to 163 meters.{{fact|date=November 2017}}

==Formation==
There were many groups such as Gujarat-based Narmada Asargrastha Samiti, Madhya Pradesh-based Narmada Ghati Nav Nirman Samiti (Committee for a New Life in the Narmada Valley) and Maharashtra-Based Narmada Dharangrastha Samiti (Committee for Narmada Dam-Affected People) who either believed in the need for fair rehabilitation plans for the people or who vehemently opposed dam construction despite a resettlement policy.<ref name="book23">{{cite book | last = Fisher | first = William | title = Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India's Narmada River | publisher = M. E. Sharpe | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-1-56324-341-7 | page = 23}}</ref>

Narmada Bachao Andolan was also joined by several [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] with local people, professionals, and activists as the founders with a non-violent approach.<ref name="book23"/> It was led by Medha Patkar. Nationally, they wanted an alternative structure of development and internationally, they wanted to build pressure on the World Bank to take accountability.<ref>Narula, Smita (2008). ''The Story of Narmada Bachao Andolan: Human Rights in the Global Economy and the Struggle Against the World Bank''. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW. p. 5.</ref>

NBA's slogans include - Vikas Chahiye, Vinash Nahin! (Development wanted, not destruction) and "koi nahi hatega, [[bandh]] nahi banega!" (we won't move, the dam won't be constructed).<ref>Rajagopal, Balakrishnan (2005). ''The Role of Law in Counter-Hegemonic Globalization and Global Legal Pluralism: Lessons from the Narmada Valley Struggle in India''. 18 Leiden Journal of International Law. pp. 365– 366</ref>

== Role of the World Bank ==
The World Bank began working on the Narmada Project after it got clearance from the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal.<ref name=":3">Caufield, Catherine (1996). Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations. p. 11.</ref> The bank sent a team for the assessment of the project in economic and technical terms. This team didn't focus on the social or environmental issues.<ref name=":4">Caufield, Catherine (1997). Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations. p. 12.</ref> What Jawaharlal Nehru thought of as temples of [[The Independent|the independent]] India, i.e. the dams, have already displaced 11 million Indians.<ref name=":4" />

However, the Bank realised the harm that it had done by sanctioning the loan for the project and thus announced that the new projects should "ensure that, after a reasonable transition period, the displaced people regain at least their previous standard of living."<ref>World Bank Operational Manual Statement No. 2.33: Social Issues Associated with Involuntary Settlement in Bank-Financed Projects.</ref> Despite this, the relocation process was flawed. Several tribal people have been harmed by the project. The Bank then adopted certain policies to ensure proper relocation of the tribal people and protect them from the forced relocation.<ref name=":2" /> The Indian government, however, did not adopt these policies.<ref>Rajagopal, Balakrishnan (2005). The Role of Law in Counter-Hegemonic Globalisation and Global Legal Pluralism: Lessons from the Narmada Valley Struggle in India. 18 Leiden Journal of International Law. pp. 345– 355.</ref>

In 1985, irrespective of the harm done by the Sardar Sarovar project, the World bank sanctioned a loan to the state governments for construction purposes.<ref>Armin Rosencranz, Kathleen D. Yurchak. Progress on the Environmental Front: The Regulation of Industry and Development in India. 19 Hastings International and Company. p. 514</ref> The Bank did ask for a proper resettlement design but also said, "The argument in favour of the Sardar Sarovar Project is that the benefits are so large that they substantially outweigh the costs of the immediate human and environmental disruption."<ref name=":2" />

Medha Patkar and other protesters testified on the Bank's role in [[Washington, D.C.]], in 1989. This led to a build-up of pressure on the Bank to set an independent review to assess the situation at hand. A lot of support was withdrawn from the project after this.

The Morse Commission was established to look into the construction of the dam, and the environmental cost and human displacement in 1991.<ref>Armin Rosencranz, Kathleen D. Yurchak (1996). Progress on the Environmental Front: The Regulation of Industry and Development in India. 19 Hastings International and Company. p.371.</ref> For the first time, a Bank commissioned panel had complete access to the documents to form a report.<ref name=":2" /> The 357 pages' report mentioned the lack of any environmental assessment undertaken either by the Indian Government or the World Bank.<ref name=":2" /> In an internal referendum held, the Bank very closely voted for the continuation of the Narmada Dam Project.<ref name=":2" />

The Indian Government canceled the loan sanctioned by the World Bank on 31 March 1993.

== People involved ==
[[File:Medha Patkar, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Right Livelihood Award Foundation.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Medha Patkar]]]]
Medha Patkar has been at the forefront of the movement. She has organised several fasts and satyagrahas, and been to jail several times for the cause.

Another popular figure was [[Baba Amte]], known for his work against leprosy. He published a booklet called ''Cry O Beloved Narmada'' in 1989 to protest against the construction of the dam.<ref>Narula, Smita (2008). ''The Story of Narmada Bachao Andolan: Human Rights in the Global Economy and the Struggle Against the World Bank''. [[New York School of Law]]. p.14.</ref>

Amongst the major celebrities who have shown their support for Narmada Bachao Andolan are [[Booker Prize]] winner [[Arundhati Roy]]<ref name="Roopesh">{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=178526|title=Legitimising Narmada Bachao Andolan|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2008-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422131456/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=178526|archive-date=22 April 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Aamir Khan]].<ref name="aamir_khan">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080328/jsp/frontpage/story_9067283.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401005047/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080328/jsp/frontpage/story_9067283.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2008|title=Aamir faces trial by torch|last=Manjeet Warrior|first=Gajinder Singh|date=2008-03-28|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|location=Calcutta, India|access-date=2008-04-05}}</ref> It was also supported by music composer and bass guitarist in the band [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]], [[Rahul Ram]], who was actively involved in the movement from 1990 to 1995.<ref name="rahul_ram">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/indian-oceans-rahul-ram-talks-about-the-bands-latest-album-the-process-of-making-music-and-activism/article6344978.ece|title=Taking life as it comes|date=2014-08-23|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203021824/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/indian-oceans-rahul-ram-talks-about-the-bands-latest-album-the-process-of-making-music-and-activism/article6344978.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1994 was the launch of ''[[Narmada: A Valley Rises]]'', by filmmaker [[Ali Kazimi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://socialdoc.net/ali-kazimi/narmada-a-valley-rises-1994/ | title=Narmada: A Valley Rises (1994) | publisher=Social Doc | work=Ali Kazimi | access-date=7 July 2017 | date=2014-09-08 | archive-date=10 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610103902/http://socialdoc.net/ali-kazimi/narmada-a-valley-rises-1994/ | url-status=live }}</ref> It documents the five-week Sangharsh Yatra of 1991. The film went on to win several awards and is considered by many to be a classic on the issue. In 1996, veteran documentary filmmaker, [[Anand Patwardhan]], made an award-winning documentary: ''A Narmada Diary''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frif.com/cat97/k-o/a_narmad.html|title=A Narmada|access-date=2008-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221235854/http://www.frif.com/cat97/k-o/a_narmad.html|archive-date=21 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Alok Agarwal]], current member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], is an active figure in the movement.

[[Bihar]] CM [[Nitish Kumar]] participated in rally organised by NBA on the bank of Narmada at Rajghat on 16 September 2016. Expressing solidarity with the Andolan Mr. Nitish Kumar said "I have come from Patna to extend support to the agitation on the side of river Narmada here".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://newsworldindia.in/india/nitish-kumar-for-nationwide-liquor-ban/226671/ | title=Nitish Kumar For Nationwide Liquor Ban | publisher=[[News World India]] | date=17 September 2016 | access-date=7 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930132407/http://www.newsworldindia.in/india/nitish-kumar-for-nationwide-liquor-ban/226671/ | archive-date=30 September 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Supporting the NBA's main demand CM Nitish Kumar appealed to PM Mr Modi at Rajghat saying "Pradhan Mantri ji, don't close the gates of Sardar Sarovar Dam. Rehabilitate people not by giving cash, but giving them alternative land/employment. Don't make plans to drown 2.5 lakh people by closing the gates," he said in a statement released in Barwani.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Indore/Narmada-Bachao-Andolan-rolls-out-political-red-carpet-for-Nitish-in-Barwani/articleshow/54379063.cms|title=Narmada Bachao Andolan rolls out political red carpet for Nitish in Barwani|website=The Times of India|date=17 September 2016 |access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=18 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118222432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Indore/Narmada-Bachao-Andolan-rolls-out-political-red-carpet-for-Nitish-in-Barwani/articleshow/54379063.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Decision==
The court ruled for Andolan, effecting an immediate stoppage of work at the dam and directing the concerned states to complete the rehabilitation and replacement process.<ref name="WBloan">{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13818680.400-narmada-dam-fails-world-banks-final-test-.html|title=Narmada dam fails World Bank's final test|last=Miller|first=Susan|work=[[New Scientist]]|access-date=2008-02-09|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403175911/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13818680.400-narmada-dam-fails-world-banks-final-test-.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

It deliberated on this issue further for several years and finally upheld the Tribunal Award and allowed the construction to proceed, subject to conditions. The court introduced a mechanism to monitor the progress of resettlement [[pari passu]] with the raising height of the dam through the Grievance Redressal Authorities (GRA) in each party state. The decision referred in this document, given in 2000 after 7 years of deliberations, has paved the way for completing the project to attain full envisaged benefits. The court's final line of the order states, "Every endeavour shall be made to see that the project is completed as expeditiously as possible".<ref name="SC_decision_2000">{{cite web|url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=17165 |title=Judgment by the Supreme Court of India |work=Supreme Court of India, Justice Information System |access-date=2008-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303155945/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=17165 |archive-date=3 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Subsequent to the verdict, [[Press Information Bureau]] (PIB) featured an article:<ref name="after_SC_judgment">{{cite web|url=http://pib.myiris.com/features/article.php3?fl=001108161656|title=Verdict on Narmada 2000|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|last=Shukla|first=Dinkar|access-date=2008-04-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714144349/http://pib.myiris.com/features/article.php3?fl=001108161656|archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref>
<blockquote>
The Narmada Bachao Andolaan (NBA) has rendered a yeoman's service to the country by creating a high-level of awareness about the environmental and rehabilitation and relief aspects of Sardar Sarovar and other projects on the Narmada. But, after the court verdict it is incumbent on it to adopt a new role. Instead of 'damning the dam' any longer, it could assume the role of vigilant observer to see that the resettlement work is as humane and painless as possible and that the environmental aspects are taken due care of.</blockquote>

== Aftermath and criticism ==
Medha Patkar continues to fight for proper rehabilitation of the displaced people in Madhya Pradesh as well as the reception of the promised compensation by the Narmada Tribunal.<ref>Narula, Smita (2008). ''The Story of Narmada Bachao Andolan: Human Rights in the Global Economy and the Struggle Against the World Bank''. New York School of Law. p. 34</ref> This movement has brought forth different notions of development. The Indian government has often argued that the cost of displacements are outweighed by the benefit derived from the Narmada Project, and thus, justified its construction. NBA, however, has argued that no matter how large the benefits, the cost to the society cannot be fulfilled.

Critics argue that the dam's benefits include the provision of drinking water, power generation, and irrigation facilities. However, it is believed that the campaign, led by the NBA activists, has held up the project's completion, and NBA supporters have attacked local people who accepted compensation for moving.<ref name="kirk_leech_dambusters">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/03/india-narmada-dams|title=The Narmada dambusters are wrong|date=3 March 2009|work=The Guardian|location=London|author=Kirk Leech|access-date=2009-03-04|archive-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420235732/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/03/india-narmada-dams|url-status=live}}</ref> Others have argued that the Narmada Dam protesters are little more than environmental extremists, who use [[pseudoscientific]] [[agitprop]] to scuttle the development of the region and that the dam will provide agricultural benefits to millions of poor in India.<ref>{{cite web |title= The Lack Of Scientific Rigour In Environmentalist Ideology |url=http://www.ourcivilisation.com/aginatur/prog1.htm |date=2007-12-14 |access-date=2012-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219112400/http://www.ourcivilisation.com/aginatur/prog1.htm |archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080907/jsp/7days/story_9799075.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021054153/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080907/jsp/7days/story_9799075.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2010|title=The Telegraph — Calcutta (Kolkata) – 7days — Goddesses of all causes}}</ref> There had also been instances of the NBA activists turning violent and attacking rehabilitation officer from [[Narmada Valley Development Authority]] (NVDA), which caused damage to the contractor's machinery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20060515/controvr.html|title=INDIA TODAY – The most widely read newsweekly in South Asia.|website=archives.digitaltoday.in|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=3 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003222314/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20060515/controvr.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The NBA has been accused of lying under oath in court about land ownership in areas affected by the dam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/narmada-bachao-andolan-and-aap-a-match-made-in-rural-heaven-1341993.html|title=Narmada Bachao Andolan and AAP: A match made in rural heaven? – Firstpost|date=2014-01-15|newspaper=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124003839/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/narmada-bachao-andolan-and-aap-a-match-made-in-rural-heaven-1341993.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] has mulled perjury charges against the group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/narmada-bachao-andolan-faces-perjury-charges/articleshow/7880655.cms|title=Narmada Bachao Andolan faces perjury charges|work=The Economic Times|access-date=5 April 2011|archive-date=24 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924230358/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/narmada-bachao-andolan-faces-perjury-charges/articleshow/7880655.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Activism in India]]
[[Category:Land rights movements]]
[[Category:Social movements in India]]
[[Category:Dam controversies]]
[[Category:Narmada River]]
[[Category:Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests]]

Ramakrishna V. Hosur

2025-11-21T15:47:53Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding a pg - done

{{short description|Indian biophysical scientist (born 1953)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{For|Indian structural biologist|Madhusoodan V. Hosur}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramakrishna V. Hosur
| image = Professor R.V.Hosur receiving a Padma Shri Award.jpg
| caption=Professor Hosur receiving the Padma Shri Award from [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] in 2014
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|05|16}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Biophysical scientist
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Medhavini Hosur
| domesticpartner =
| children = Pavan Hosur(son) Kirti Hosur Rai(daughter)
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] 
Bruker Young Scientist Award INSA Young Scientist Medal B. M. Birla Award Society for Cancer Research Award J. C. Bose National Fellowship Prof. G. N. Ramachandran Gold Medal Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray Memorial Award Fellow of International Society of Magnetic Resonance
}}

'''Professor Ramakrishna Vijayacharya Hosur''' is an Indian biophysical scientist, known for his expertise in the areas of [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] and [[molecular biophysics]].<ref name="INSA">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N95-1175 | title=INSA | publisher=INSA | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="TIFR" /> The [[Government of India]] honoured him, in 2014, by awarding him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of science and technology.<ref name="Padma 2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 | title=Padma 2014 | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=25 January 2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:HWB-NMR - 900MHz - 21.2 Tesla.jpg|240px|right|thumb|A 900MHz NMR instrument with a 21.1 T magnet]]
Ramakrishna Vijayacharya Hosur was born in the South Indian state of Karnataka on 16 May 1953.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV">{{cite web | url=http://www.tifr.res.in/~hosur/ | title=TIFR CV | publisher=TIFR | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> He graduated with chemistry, Physics and Maths as optional subjects in 1971 securing the 5th rank from [[Karnatak University]]<ref name="INSA" /> and did his masters in Chemistry, MSc, from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] (IIT-B) with third rank, in 1973. This was followed by a PhD from the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR), Mumbai in 1978.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR">{{cite web | url=http://www.tifr.res.in/~dcs/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=121 | title=TIFR | publisher=TIFR | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="TIFR CV" />

Hosur started his career by joining TIFR as a Research Associate in August 1978<ref name="INSA" /> and was promoted as a TIFR Fellow in 1980, a status he maintained till 1986. In between, in 1981, he took a long leave of two years from the institute and did post doctoral research at the [[ETH Zurich]]<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR" /> where he worked in the company of [[Richard R. Ernst|Professor Richard R. Ernst]] and [[Kurt Wuthrich|Professor Kurt Wuthrich]], who would eventually win [[Nobel Prize]] in 1991 and 2002 respectively.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> In 1986, Hosur rejoined TIFR in the post of the [[Reader (academic rank)|Reader]]. Five years later, he was promoted as the Associate Professor and then as the Professor in 1996. Hosur is the Senior Professor at the Tata Institute since 2003 in the Department of Chemical Sciences.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" /> Professor Hosur has also worked at the Columbia University, New York, at Professor D. J. Patel's laboratory for three months (20 August - 20 November) in 1988.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> During his TIFR career, Hosur is reported to have been active in the administration of the institute by holding the chair of the Department of Chemical Sciences, Advisory Committee for Administration and Finance, and the Standing Committee on Administration for various tenures. He was also the Vigilance Officer of the institute from 2002 till 2004 and is the Convener for the National Facility for High Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance since 2002 till date.<ref name="TIFR CV" />

Ramakrishna Hosur is married and has two children and the family lives in Mumbai.<ref name="TIFR CV" />

==Legacy==
Hosur has taught at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], [[Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai]] and National Institute of Technology Rourkela on [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] and is credited with pioneering research on biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular biophysics, and biophysical chemistry at these institutions.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR contribs" /> The efforts of Dr. Hosur has led to the discovery of new structural motifs in quadruplex DNA structures; A-tetrad, T-tetrad and C-tetrad<ref name="TIFR contribs">{{cite web | url=http://www.tifr.res.in/~hosur/ | title=TIFR contribs | publisher=TIFR | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> and the development of new multidimensional NMR pulse sequences.<ref name="INSA" /> He is reported to have explained the folding hierarchy in HIV-1 protease, <blockquote>''the native state energy landscape, and structural and dynamic characteristics of SUMO-1 protein along the equilibrium folding pathways''</blockquote> and also shown experimentally that the progress of the native contacts is not monotonous.<ref name="INSA" />

Hosur is reported to have developed a new NMR based theoretical model which is said to be of assistance in the structural studies on proteases. He has also developed ''scaling techniques''<ref name="TIFR contribs" /> for the enhancement of resolution and sensitivity and proposed what [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] quotes as:<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR contribs" /><blockquote>''a pH switch mechanism for cargo trafficking by DLC8 protein inside living cells''.
</blockquote>

Hosur has delivered keynote addresses at various international conferences and has lectured at many international institutions.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He has also taken part in organizing many international conferences.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He has also guided many students in their doctoral research.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />

Hosur is credited with 3 books<ref name="Abe Books">{{cite web | url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/g-govil-r-v-hosur/ | title=Abe Books | publisher=Abe Books | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> of which two as editor, three book reviews, three technical reports and over 150 articles,<ref name="Bologna University">{{cite web | url=http://serials.unibo.it/cgi-ser/start/en/spogli/ds-s.tcl?authors=%22+Hosur%2C+RV%22&language=ENGLISH | title=Articles on Bologna University Catalogue | publisher=Bologna University | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Research Index">{{cite web | url=http://researchindex.net/author/Hosur,_R.V./536fe66d26184448c50c4e66 | title=List of Articles on Research Index | publisher=Research Index | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> published in national and international peer reviewed journals.<ref name="TIFR CV" /><ref name="Bologna University"/><ref name="Research Index"/> The [[US National Library of Medicine]] has listed 112 articles by Dr. Hosur in their online repository.<ref name="US National Library of Medicine">{{cite web | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hosur%20RV%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20236846 | title=List of Articles on US National Library of Medicine repository | publisher=US National Library of Medicine | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref>
* BEST-HNN and 2D (HN)NH experiments for rapid backbone assignment in proteins<ref name="BEST-HNN and 2D (HN)NH experiments for rapid backbone assignment in proteins">{{cite journal | title=BEST-HNN and 2D (HN)NH experiments for rapid backbone assignment in proteins | vauthors=Kumar D, Paul S, Hosur RV | journal=J Magn Reson |date=November 2010 | volume=204 | issue=1 | pages=111–7 | doi=10.1016/j.jmr.2010.02.013 | pmid=20236846| bibcode=2010JMagR.204..111K }}</ref>
* NMR insights into the core of GED assembly by H/D exchange coupled with DMSO dissociation and analysis of the denatured state<ref name="NMR insights into the core of GED assembly by H/D exchange coupled with DMSO dissociation and analysis of the denatured state">{{cite journal | title=NMR insights into the core of GED assembly by H/D exchange coupled with DMSO dissociation and analysis of the denatured state | vauthors=Chakraborty S, Hosur RV | journal=J Mol Biol |date=February 2011 | volume=405 | issue=5 | pages=1202–14 | doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.050 | pmid=21144852}}</ref>
* Visualization of early events in acetic acid denaturation of HIV-1 protease: A molecular dynamics study<ref name="Visualization of early events in acetic acid denaturation of HIV-1 protease: A molecular dynamics study">{{cite journal | title=Visualization of early events in acetic acid denaturation of HIV-1 protease: A molecular dynamics study | vauthors=Borkar AN, Rout MK, Hosur RV | journal=PLOS ONE |date=June 2011 | volume=6 | issue=6 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0019830 | pmid=21738569 | article-number=e19830 | pmc=3126794| bibcode=2011PLoSO...619830B | doi-access=free }}</ref>
* AUTOBA: Automation of Backbone Assignment from HN(C)N Suite of Experiments<ref name="AUTOBA: Automation of Backbone Assignment from HN(C)N Suite of Experiments">{{cite journal | title=AUTOBA: Automation of Backbone Assignment from HN(C)N Suite of Experiments | vauthors=Borkar A, Kumar D, Hosur RV | journal=J Biomol NMR |date=July 2011 | volume=50 | issue=3 | pages=285–97 | doi=10.1007/s10858-011-9518-0 | pmid=21626212| s2cid=42262998 }}</ref>
* NMR derived Model of GED self association: relevance to dynamin assembly<ref name="NMR derived Model of GED self association: relevance to dynamin assembly">{{cite journal | title=NMR derived Model of GED self association: relevance to dynamin assembly |author1=Swagata Chakraborty |author2=Supriya Pratihar |author3=Ramakrishna V. Hosur | journal=PLOS ONE |date=January 2012 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030109 | volume=7 |issue = 1| article-number=e30109 | pmid=22253896 | pmc=3257262|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Positions==
Hosur is life member of Indian Biophysical Society, [[Indian Science Congress Association]], Society for Biological Chemists, India and the [[Chemical Research Society of India]].<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He is a member of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance,<ref name="INSA" /> the Society for Cancer Research and Communication, Mumbai and [[American Chemical Society]].<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He has led, in the capacity of the President, such organizations as Indian Biophysical Society,<ref name="INSA" /> New Biology Section of the [[Indian Science Congress]],<ref name="INSA" /> and the National Magnetic Resonance Society.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He has also served as the council member of Chemical Research Society of India, ICMRBS, Centre for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance,<ref name="INSA" /> Research Council of IICB,<ref name="INSA" /> Kolkata, INSA,<ref name="INSA" /> NASI, and ISCA.<ref name="TIFR CV" />

Hosur, founder and life member of the National Magnetic Resonance Society,<ref name="TIFR CV" /> is a reviewer for international journals such as [[International Journal of Quantum Chemistry]], [[Journal of Biomolecular NMR]] and Biochemistry USA and a reviewer for proposals of grant of international funding agencies viz. [[Wellcome Trust]], UK, [[Erwin Schrodinger]] Fellowship, Indo Swiss and Indo French collaborative projects and Austrian Science Foundation.<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He is also an examiner for the award of PhD at the Indian Institutes of Technology, Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi.<ref name="TIFR CV" />

Prof. Hosur has been appointed as a distinguished visiting professor in the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering in IIT Bombay from 4 September 2018.

==Awards and recognitions==
Hosur has been honored by many scientific and academic institutions by way of fellowships and associateships. He was a Young Associate of the Indian Academy of Sciences during 1985-88. He is Fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (FASc),<ref name="INSA" /> [[Indian National Science Academy]] (FNA), [[National Academy of Sciences]] (FNASc)<ref name="INSA" /> and [[The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World]] (TWAS).<ref name="TIFR CV" /> He has also been awarded Oration awards such as B. D. Tilak Lecture Award of [[Bombay University]] in 1989,<ref name="INSA" /> R. K. Asundi Lecture Award of [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 1998,<ref name="INSA" /> Dr. Jagdish Shankar Lecture Award of [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 2003,<ref name="INSA" /> IICB Foundation Day lecture Award of [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]], Kolkata in 2004, RRL Foundation Day lecture of [[Regional Research Laboratory]], Trivandrum in 2006 and Fr. Yeddanapalli Memorial lecture of [[Indian Chemical Society]] in 2009.<ref name="TIFR CV" />

Known as an efficient lecturer and honored by the ''Honorary Mention'' at the International Summer School on Quantum Chemistry held at [[Uppsala]], Sweden during August–September, 1975,<ref name="TIFR CV" /> Dr. Hosur is a recipient of several awards such as:
* Young Scientist Award - [[Bruker Corporation]] - 1983<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />
* Young Scientist Medal - [[Indian National Science Academy]] - 1984<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />
* B. M. Birla Award - Birla Science Centre - 1992<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />
* 3rd Annual Award - Society for Cancer Research - 1998<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />
* J. C Bose National Fellowship - [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], Government of India - 2007<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="TIFR CV" />
* Prof. G. N. Ramachandran Gold Medal - [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]] - 2009<ref name="TIFR CV" />
* Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray Memorial Award - [[Indian Chemical Society]] - 2011<ref name="TIFR CV" />
* Fellow of International Society of Magnetic Resonance (ISMAR) (2013)<ref>{{cite web|title= Fellow of ISMAR|url=http://www.weizmann.ac.il/ISMAR/ismar-organization#constitution}}</ref>

The [[Government of India]] honored Ramakrishna Hosur with the [[Padma Shri]] by including him in the 2014 [[Republic Day of India|Republic Day]] Honours.

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy]]
* [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal | title=BEST-HNN and 2D (HN)NH experiments for rapid backbone assignment in proteins | vauthors=Kumar D, Paul S, Hosur RV | journal=J Magn Reson |date=November 2010 | volume=204 | issue=1 | pages=111–7 | doi=10.1016/j.jmr.2010.02.013 | pmid=20236846| bibcode=2010JMagR.204..111K }}
* {{cite journal | title=NMR insights into the core of GED assembly by H/D exchange coupled with DMSO dissociation and analysis of the denatured state | vauthors=Chakraborty S, Hosur RV | journal=J Mol Biol |date=February 2011 | volume=405 | issue=5 | pages=1202–14 | doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.050 | pmid=21144852}}
* {{cite journal | title=Visualization of early events in acetic acid denaturation of HIV-1 protease: A molecular dynamics study | vauthors=Borkar AN, Rout MK, Hosur RV | journal=PLOS ONE |date=June 2011 | volume=6 | issue=6 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0019830 | pmid=21738569 | article-number=e19830 | pmc=3126794| bibcode=2011PLoSO...619830B | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=AUTOBA: Automation of Backbone Assignment from HN(C)N Suite of Experiments | vauthors=Borkar A, Kumar D, Hosur RV | journal=J Biomol NMR |date=July 2011 | volume=50 | issue=3 | pages=285–97 | doi=10.1007/s10858-011-9518-0 | pmid=21626212| s2cid=42262998 }}
* {{cite journal | title=NMR derived Model of GED self association: relevance to dynamin assembly |author1=Swagata Chakraborty |author2=Supriya Pratihar |author3=Ramakrishna V. Hosur | journal=PLOS ONE |date=January 2012 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030109 | volume=7 |issue = 1| article-number=e30109 | pmid=22253896 | pmc=3257262|doi-access=free }}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hosur%20RV%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20236846 | title=List of Articles on US National Library of Medicine repository | publisher=US National Library of Medicine | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://serials.unibo.it/cgi-ser/start/en/spogli/ds-s.tcl?authors=%22+Hosur%2C+RV%22&language=ENGLISH | title=Articles on Bologna University Catalogue | publisher=Bologna University | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://researchindex.net/author/Hosur,_R.V./536fe66d26184448c50c4e66 | title=List of Articles on Research Index | publisher=Research Index | date=2014 | access-date=30 October 2014}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hosur, Ramakrishna V.}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian biophysicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]

Tarana (Madhya Pradesh)

2025-11-15T02:27:50Z

Ayurtreatservices: starting!

{{short description|Town in Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tarana
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Ahilya nagar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Gandhi math tarana

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.33|N|76.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 490
| population_total = 24,908
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=494727 |title=Census of India: Search Details |access-date=22 May 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121129/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=494727 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tarana''' is a town and a [[nagar parishad]] in [[Ujjain district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Tarana is a tehsil in Ujjain and the distance to Ujjain is 34 km. Tarana was part of Holkar estate. The current M.L.A of Tarana constituency is Mahesh Parmar (INC).

==Geography==
Tarana is located at {{Coord|23.33|N|76.03|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Tarana.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Tarana]</ref> It has an average elevation of 490 metres (1,607 feet).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Tarana is a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The Tarana city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Tarana Nagar Panchayat has population of 24,908 of which 12,825 are males while 12,083 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

The population of children aged 0-6 is 3298 which is 13.24% of total population of Tarana (NP). In Tarana Nagar Panchayat, the female sex ratio is 942 against state average of 931. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Tarana is around 916 compared to Madhya Pradesh state average of 918. The literacy rate of Tarana city is 80.22% higher than the state average of 69.32%. In Tarana, male literacy is around 89.07% while the female literacy rate is 70.86%.

==Climate==
Tarana experiences typical climate conditions of the interior Indian subcontinent. The summer months (April–June) are harsh with temperatures reaching up to 45 °C. In addition, hot winds (called loo) may blow in the afternoons, worsening the heat. The winter months (Nov.–Feb.) are pleasant and cool with daytime temperatures typically 20 °C. The monsoon typically arrives in late June and the months of June till September receive moderate to heavy rainfall. There are periods of rainfall followed by long periods of bright sunshine and high humidity. The month of October generally is very warm and with high humidity.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ujjain district]]

Dima Hasao Autonomous Council

2025-11-12T12:01:07Z

Ayurtreatservices: started a stub!

{{Short description|Autonomous district council in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council
| house_type = [[Autonomous District Council]]
| body =
| houses =
| coa_pic = Emblem of North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council.png
| coa_res =
| leader1_type = Chairperson
| leader1 = Mohet Hojai
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Chief Executive Member
| leader2 = Debolal Gorlosa

| party2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| election2 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| members = 30 Councillors (28 Elected + 2 Nominated)
| structure1 = [[File:Assam Dima Hasao Autonomous Council 2024.svg|250px]]
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (25) '''
*{{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (25)<ref name="NCHAC election results 2024">{{cite web|url=https://sec.assam.gov.in/results/nchac-result-2023-24|title=2024 Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election results|work=State Election Commission Assam|accessdate=12 January 2024}}</ref>
'''Others (3)'''
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)<ref name="NCHAC election results 2024"/>
'''Nominated (2)'''
*{{Color box|#000000}} [[Candidate|NOM]] (2)
| voting_system1 = 28 [[Plurality voting system|plurality voting]] 2 nominated
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = [[2024 Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election|8 January 2024]]
| next_election1 = January 2029
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Haflong]], [[Assam]]
| website = {{url|http://nchac.in/}}
}}

The ''' North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council''' (NCHAC), also known as the '''Dima Hasao Autonomous Council''',<ref name=":0" /> is an [[autonomous district council]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assaminfo.com/districts/22/north-cachar-hills.htm|title=North Cachar Hills district, Dima Hasao, Informations about dima hasao, tourist places, hospitals in dima hasao|website=www.assaminfo.com|accessdate=February 19, 2020|archive-date=February 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223164737/http://www.assaminfo.com/districts/22/north-cachar-hills.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It was constituted under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India to administer the [[Dima Hasao district]] and to develop the [[Hill tribes of Northeast India|hill people]] in the area. Its headquarters is in [[Haflong]], [[Dima Hasao district]].

The council has 30 members of whom 28 are elected by the [[first past the post system]] and 2 are nominated by the state government of Assam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/161-candidates-in-fray-for-the-NCHAC-polls/articleshow/19744771.cms|title=161 candidates in fray for the NCHAC polls|date=April 26, 2013|accessdate=February 19, 2020|via=The Economic Times|archive-date=October 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013100422/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/161-candidates-in-fray-for-the-nchac-polls/articleshow/19744771.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It is led by a Chief Executive Member, currently Debolal Gorlosa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/inquiry-ordered-into-kopili-hydro-power-project-pipeline-rapture/articleshow/71545345.cms|title=Inquiry ordered into Kopili hydropower project pipeline rapture|first=Bikash|last=Singh|date=October 11, 2019|accessdate=February 19, 2020|via=The Economic Times|archive-date=July 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731061404/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/inquiry-ordered-into-kopili-hydro-power-project-pipeline-rapture/articleshow/71545345.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The North Cachar Hills Autonomous District Council was created on April 29, 1952, under Article 244(2) of the [[Sixth Schedule]] to the Constitution of India. Later it was recognized as an autonomous council. In 2010, the name of the Council was changed to Dima Hasao Autonomous Council.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tribes in Assam hill district seek separate autonomous council |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tribes-in-assam-hill-district-seek-separate-autonomous-council/article66360275.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231141229/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tribes-in-assam-hill-district-seek-separate-autonomous-council/article66360275.ece |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Current members==
Constituencies under Dima Hasao Autonomous Council and their members as of the [[2024 Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election|2024 election]]:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johari |first=Binali |title=North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council |url=http://nchac.in/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218052820/https://nchac.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCHAC election results 2024"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-bjp-wins-6-seats-uncontested-in-dima-hasao-nchac-election.html|title=Assam: BJP wins 6 seats uncontested in Dima Hasao NCHAC election|work=NorthEast Now|accessdate=12 January 2024|archive-date=12 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112173453/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-bjp-wins-6-seats-uncontested-in-dima-hasao-nchac-election.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" coLspan=6|'''Chief Executive Councillor: Mohet Hojai'''
|-
! #
! Constituency
! Councillor
! colspan="2"|Party
! Remarks
|-
| 1 || [[Haflong]] || Donpainon Thaosen || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=21}}
|
|-
| 2 || [[Jatinga]] || Fleming Rupshi Shylla
|
|-
| 3 || Borail || Ngulminlal Lienthang
|
|-
| 4 || [[Mahur, Assam|Mahur]] || Probita Jahari
|
|-
| 5 || [[Jinam]] || Zosumthang Hmar
|
|-
| 6 || Hangrum || Noah Diame
|
|-
| 7 || Laisong || Paudamming Nriame
|
|-
| 8 || Dautohaja || Pronath Rajiyung
|
|-
| 9 || Maibang East || Monjoy Langthasa
|
|-
| 10 || Maibang West || Mohet Hojai
|
|-
| 11 || Kalachand || Ratan Jarambusa
|
|-
| 12 || Wajao || Biswajit Daulagupu
|
|-
| 13 || Hajadisa || Projith Hojai
|
|-
| 14 || Langting || Dhriti Thaosen
|
|-
| 15 || Hatikhali || Niranjan Hojai
|
|-
| 16 || Diyungbra || Rupali Langthasa
|
|-
| 17 ||| Garampani || Samsing Engti
|
|-
| 18 || Kharthong || Lalremsiama Darnei
|
|-
| 19 || Dehangi || Debolal Gorlosa
|
|-
| 20 || Gunjung || Nojit Kemprai
|
|-
| 21 || Hadingma || Devojit Bathari
|
|-
| 22 || Dihamlao || Ramgalungbe Jeme || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 23 || Harangajao || Amendu Hojai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
| 24 || Hamri || Monjit Naiding
|
|-
| 25 || Lower Kharthong || Ngamrothang Hmar
|
|-
| 26 || Dolong || John Phoithong || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 27 || Diger || Hen Samuel Changsan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 28 || Semkhor || Herojit Jidung || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 29 || rowspan=2|Nominated || rowspan=2|TBD || rowspan=2 style="background-color:#000000"|
| rowspan=2|[[Candidate|Nominated]]
|
|-
| 30
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Moran Autonomous Council]]
* [[Hill tribes of Northeast India]]
* [[North Eastern Council]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://nchac.in/ North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council]
*[https://dimahasao.assam.gov.in/resource/detail/north-cachar-hills-autonomous-council Dima Hasao District]
*[https://dimahasao.assam.gov.in/directory/smt-purobi-phonglo Department of Information and Public Relations]

{{Autonomous administrative divisions of India}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Lawngtlai District}}
{{Assam}}

[[Category:Autonomous district councils of India]]
[[Category:Local government in Assam]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Nayan - Jo Vekhe Unvekha

2025-11-05T19:24:03Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding new entry

{{Short description|Indian Punjabi television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Nayan Jo Vekhe Unvekha.jpg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Supernatural]]
| company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]
| story = Kuldeep Singh Chhibber
| screenplay = Kiran Bidkar, Nomhit Godbole
| creative_director = Ramneek Kahlon
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| num_episodes = 643
| producer = Shashi Mittal Sumit Mittal
| editor = Lal Sahib Yadav
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee Punjabi]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|1|3}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2024|3|23}}
| related = ''[[Trinayani (Bengali TV series)|Trinayani]]''
}}

'''Nayan - Jo Vekhe Unvekha''' ({{Translation|''Nayan - What She Sees''}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] [[drama]] television series that premiered from 3 January 2022 on [[Zee Punjabi]]. It is produced under the banner of [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]] and stars Ankita Saili and Manjeet Makkar. It is an official remake of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] TV series ''[[Trinayani (Bengali TV series)|Trinayani]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Trinayani' gets a Punjabi remake - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/trinayani-gets-a-punjabi-remake/articleshow/88872387.cms|access-date=2022-01-26|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=Zee Punjabi announces its new Supernatural Drama Series 'Nayan-Jo Vekhe Unvekha'!|url=https://www.chandigarhcitynews.com/zee-punjabi-announces-its-new-supernatural-drama-series-nayan-jo-vekhe-unvekha/|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Chandigarh City News}}</ref>

== Summary ==
Nayan, a simple small town girl, experiences the boon and bane of her power of premonition. She goes on to marry Devansh under unusual circumstances and turns out to be his saviour.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-16|title=Zee Punjabi's Beloved show "Nayan- Jo Vekhe Unvekha" Celebrates a Milestone: Completes 500 Heartwarming Episodes of Inspiring Journey!|url=https://www.indianewscalling.com/news/145065-zee-punjabi39s-beloved-show-nayan-jo-vekhe-unvekha-celebrates-a-milestone-completes-500-heart.aspx|access-date=2023-11-16|website=Indian News Calling}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-12|title=CAN YOU SEE THE DEAD? NOW, NAYAN CAN!|url=https://chandigarh24x7.com/can-you-see-the-dead-now-nayan-can|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Chandigarh 24x7}}</ref> Rita, Devansh's stepmother, plans to kill Devansh in order to get his property. Rita is helped by his brother Pompy in all of her plans. As time goes by, Devansh develops feelings for Nayan but he continues to treat Nayan bad in order to please his stepmother: who sees Nayan as a threat to her plans in wanting to kill Devansh. Rita decides to get Devansh another wife in order for Rajvir, Devansh's father, to transfer all of Devansh's property to the second wife. Rita chooses Jasmine, their lawyer's daughter, to marry Devansh in order for her to transfer all of his property to Jasmine. Jasmine gets pregnant with someone else's child and claims that Devansh is the father. Rita plans to kill Jasmine as she can jeopardize her plan.

=== Reception ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! TVR
! Rank
|-
|Week 1
|2022
|2.3
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-13|title=Zee Punjabi's New Show- Nayan Opens as a slot leader with a massive Opening of 2.3 TVR|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/zee-punjabis-new-show-nayan-opens-as-a-slot-leader-with-a-massive-opening-of-2-3-tvr/2022/01/13|access-date=2022-01-26|website=IWMBuzz}}</ref>
|}

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Ankita Saili as Nayan, a kind girl who has the power of premonition; Neelam's sister and Madhvi's daughter; Devansh’s wife
* Manjeet Makkar as Devansh: Nayan's husband; Rita’s stepson and Rajvir's son

=== Recurring ===
* Rajinder Rozy as Rita: Devansh's stepmother; Pompy's sister; Rajvir's wife
* Yash Gulati as Rajvir: Devansh's father and Nayan's father-in-law; Rita’s husband
* Preet as Mamta: Devansh's biological mother
* Chanda Gartola as Neelam: Nayan's sister and Madhvi's daughter
* Jagjeet Kaur as Shagun aka Shanno
* Ganesh Kapoor as Pompy: Rita's brother
* Mohan Kambo as Girdhari Lal
* Harpreet as Madhvi: Nayan and Neelam's mother
* Majhail as Nakul: Rita's son and Kitty's husband
* Aashok Kalra
* Sourav Jain as ward boy

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;" |Language
! style="background:Violet; width:25%;" |Title
! style="background:Violet; width:20%;" |Original release
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;" |Network(s)
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;" |Last aired
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;" |Notes
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Trinayani (Bengali TV series)|Trinayani]]'' ত্রিনয়নী
| 4 March 2019
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| 26 July 2020
| Original
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Trinayani (Telugu TV series)|Trinayani]]'' త్రినయని
| 2 March 2020
| [[Zee Telugu]]
| 25 January 2025
| rowspan="5" |Remake
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| ''Nayan - Jo Vekhe Unvekha'' ਨਯਨ - ਜੋ ਵੇਖੇ ਉਨਵੇਖਾ
| 3 January 2022
| [[Zee Punjabi]]
| 23 March 2024
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Maari (TV series)|Maari]]'' மாரி
| 4 July 2022
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 1 November 2025
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi]]'' सातव्या मुलीची सातवी मुलगी
| 12 September 2022
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 21 December 2024
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Parvathy''<ref>{{cite web|title=Parvathy Serial Starring Niyuktha Prasad on Zee Keralam is The Malayalam Adaption of Trinayani|url=https://www.news.keralatv.in/parvathy-serial-zee-keralam/|website=Kerala TV|date=4 May 2023}}</ref> പാർവ്വതി
| 12 June 2023
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 30 September 2024
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt18305228}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/nayan%e2%80%a6-jo-vekhe-unvekha/0-6-4z553645 ''Nayan - Jo Vekhe Unvekha''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Punjabi}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Punjabi original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Saika Ishaque

2025-10-15T15:28:50Z

Ayurtreatservices: stub!

{{Short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Saika Ishaque
| female = true
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Saika Ishaque
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|10|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]), [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2023–present

| oneodi = true
| odidebutdate = 28 December
| odidebutyear = 2023
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| odicap = 140
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodiagainst =

| T20Idebutdate = 6 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2023
| T20Idebutagainst = England
| T20Icap = 79
| lastT20Idate = 10 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = England

| club1 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2011/12–present}}
| club2 = [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]
| year2 = 2023–present

| columns = 3

| column1 = [[First-class cricket|WFC]]
| matches1 = 15
| runs1 = 126
| bat avg1 = 9.69
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 26
| deliveries1 = 1,691
| wickets1 = 23
| bowl avg1 = 29.51
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 4/49
| catches/stumpings1 = 5/–

| column2 = [[List A cricket|WLA]]
| matches2 = 53
| runs2 = 220
| bat avg2 = 8.14
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 35
| deliveries2 = 2,593
| wickets2 = 60
| bowl avg2 = 20.38
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/30
| catches/stumpings2 = 11/–

| column3 = [[Women's Twenty20|WT20]]
| matches3 = 60
| runs3 = 124
| bat avg3 = 6.52
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 22[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 1,193
| wickets3 = 52
| bowl avg3 = 19.53
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/6
| catches/stumpings3 = 12/–

| date = 3 December 2023
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1039/1039545/1039545.html CricketArchive
}}
'''Saika Ishaque''' (born 8 October 1995) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who currently plays for [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] and [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]. She plays as a [[Left-arm orthodox spin|slow left-arm orthodox]] [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] and left-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saika Ishaque Profile |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/saika-ishaque-597815 |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Domestic career ==
Ishaque made her debut for Bengal Women in 2013 and has been a regular member of the team since then. In October 2022, she represented [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] in the [[2022–23 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|Women's Senior T20 Trophy]]. The following month, she played in the [[2022–23 Women's Senior T20 Challenger Trophy|Women's T20 Challenger Trophy]], where she was part of the India A team.<ref name="BCCI">{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555944/squads-for-mastercard-senior-women-s-t20-challenger-trophy-announced?type=Latest |title=Squads for Mastercard Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy announced |work=BCCI |access-date=4 May 2023}}</ref>

In the inaugural [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] auction in February 2023, Ishaque was purchased by [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]] for 10 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WPL Auction 2023 |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/wpl-2023/auction/players/22241 |access-date=28 March 2023|website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saika Ishaque Profile |url=https://hindi.news18.com/cricket/profile/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0/75628.html |access-date=28 March 2023|website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

In her debut season for Mumbai Indians, Ishaque emerged as one of the top performers in the tournament, taking 9 wickets in 8 matches at an economy rate of 5.80. She played a key role in Mumbai Indians' journey to the final, which they won against Delhi Capitals to become the inaugural WPL champions. She was the second-highest wicket-taker in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saika Ishaque: From Kolkata’s city slum to becoming WPL star |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mumbai-indians-saika-ishaque-from-kolkatas-city-slum-to-becoming-wpl-star-8518791/ |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== International career ==
In December 2023, Ishaque got her maiden international call up for India on her selection for the England and Australia series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saika Ishaque earns maiden call-up for England, Australia series |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/128678/saika-ishaque-earns-maiden-call-up-for-england-australia-series-cricbuzzcom |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref> She made her [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 International]] T20I debut [[English women's cricket team in India in 2023–24|against England]] on 6 December 2023.

In December 2023, Ishaque was selected in India's ODI and T20I series [[Australia women's cricket team in India in 2023–24|against Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 December 2023 |title=Team India’s ODI & T20I squad against Australia announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556077/team-india-s-odi-t20i-squad-announced?platform=international&type=women |website=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> In May 2024, she was named in India's Test squad for the series [[South Africa women's cricket team in India in 2024|against South Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2024/news/55556114/india-s-squad-for-multi-format-series-against-south-africa-announced |title=India's squad for multi-format series against South Africa announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Ishaque grew up in a slum in Kolkata and started playing cricket at a young age. Her father, who died when she was just 12 years old, was a big inspiration for her and she dedicated her performance in the Women's T20 Challenge to him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saika Ishaque living her late father’s dream |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/saika-ishaque-living-her-late-fathers-dream/article66597180.ece |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=597815}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=1039545|archive=20230504153950}}
* [https://www.mumbaiindians.com/players-women/100194-saika-ishaque-profile Saika Ishaque] at [[Mumbai Indians]]

{{Mumbai Indians WPL squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ishaque, Saika}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Bengal women cricketers]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians (WPL) cricketers]]

Nikashi

2025-09-28T10:20:28Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding details - done

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nikashi<ref>{{cite book |title=Parliamentary debates, House of the People: official report |date=2008 |publisher=Parliament Secretariat |location=New Delhi |pages=123 |language=English}}</ref>
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7314|91.3789|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baksa district|Baksa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2510
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 781372<ref>{{cite web |title=NIKASHI Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/assam/nalbari/nikashi-pincode-781372.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code = 03623
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 304471
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt = [[Baksa district]]
| area_total_ha = 588.06
| registration_plate = AS-28
}}
'''Nikashi''' is a census village in [[Baksa district]], [[Assam]], India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Xaxa |first=Virginius |title=Employment and Labour Market in North-East India : Interrogating Structural Changes |last2=Saha |first2=Debdulal |last3=Singha |first3=Rajdeep |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-138-55037-7 |edition=1st |location=London; New-York |pages=287 |language=en}}</ref> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Nikashi village has a total population of 2,510 people including 1,261 males and 1,249 females with a literacy rate of 62.83%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Assam - District Baksa - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6515/download/9592/DDW_PCA1825_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720210908/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6515/download/9592/DDW_PCA1825_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |archive-date=20 July 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Baksa district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Gangs of Haseepur

2025-09-22T03:51:05Z

Ayurtreatservices: started new details!

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| num_episodes = 17
| runtime = 20–30 mins
| location =
| company = Essel Vision Pvt. Ltd.
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| producer = Essel Vision Productions
| presenter = [[Ragini Khanna]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2014|4|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2014|7|13}}
}}

'''''Gangs of Haseepur''''' is an Indian reality comedy show,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140423174136/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-TV-meet-narendra-modi-of-gangs-of-haseepur-4587620-NOR.html Meet Narendra Modi of Gangs Of Haseepur!]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/gangs-of-haseepur-new-comedy-show-is-different-says-mandira-bedi-13556.html/ |title=Mandira Bedi: 'Gangs of Haseepur' |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=12 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112081917/http://m.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/gangs-of-haseepur-new-comedy-show-is-different-says-mandira-bedi-13556.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which premiered on 26 April 2014.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140421084146/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gangs-of-haseepur-has-something-for-all-mandira-bedi/466040-44-124.html 'Gangs of Haseepur' has something for all Mandira Bedi - IBNLive]</ref> It airs on [[Zee TV]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/laughing-matter/article5940303.ece Laughing matter - The Hindu]</ref> The show replaced ''[[Bh Se Bhade]]''.<ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-shows/comedy/gangs-of-haseepur%E2%80%99-to-replace-bh-se-bhade-140412 ‘Gangs of Haseepur’ to replace 'Bh se Bhade']</ref>

==Judges==
*[[Mandira Bedi]]<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news--interviews/Gangs-of-Haseepur-has-something-for-all-Mandira-Bedi/articleshow/33910628.cms 'Gangs of Haseepur' :Mandira Bedi]</ref><ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/gangs-of-haseepur-has-something-for-all-mandira-bedi_153774.html 'Gangs of Haseepur' has something for all: Mandira Bedi]</ref>
*[[Tanishaa Mukerji]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/zee-tv-to-launch-gangs-of-haseepur-in-weekend-slot |title=ZEE TV to launch 'Gangs Of Haseepur' on weekends |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233703/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/zee-tv-to-launch-gangs-of-haseepur-in-weekend-slot |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Host==
*[[Ragini Khanna]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moviesamachar.com/news/tanishaa-mukerji-to-judge-ragini-khanna-to-host-zee-tv-039-s-gangs-of-hasseepur |title=Tanishaa Mukerji To Judge Ragini Khanna To Host Zee TV Gangs Of Haseepur |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202633/http://www.moviesamachar.com/news/tanishaa-mukerji-to-judge-ragini-khanna-to-host-zee-tv-039-s-gangs-of-hasseepur |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Krushna Abhishek]]
*[[Raju Srivastav]]
*[[Bharti Singh]]
*[[Suresh Menon]]
*[[Sugandha Mishra]]
*[[Srikant Maski]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian television sketch shows]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series endings]]

Yogesh Verma

2025-09-19T20:18:36Z

Ayurtreatservices: enhance page to improve readability after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yogesh Verma
| image =
| constituency = [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Lakhimpur]]
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Utkarsh Verma]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|3|10|df=yes}}
| residence =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_place = [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| education = Post Graduate
| occupation =
| profession = Agriculture
| spouse = {{marriage|Neelam Verma|1995}}
| children = 2
| father=Bal Govind Verma
| footnotes = Source [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/12534/17]
}}
'''Yogesh Verma''' (born 10 March 1973) is an Indian politician, member of the [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]], and Y.D.P.G. student. He represents the [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Lakhimpur]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=1963|title=National Election Watch|publisher=myneta.info|access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/lakhimpur/|title=Lakhimpur – Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2017|publisher=india.com|access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref>

==Political career==
Yogesh Verma contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate and defeated his close contestant Utkarsh Verma from [[Samajwadi Party]] with a margin of 37,748 votes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24142.htm?ac=142 | title=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2017 | publisher=eciresults.nic.in | access-date=2017-06-23 | archive-date=10 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610141030/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24142.htm?ac=142 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || 2017 || Incumbent || Member, [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Yogesh}}
[[Category:People from Lakhimpur Kheri]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Patamda

2025-08-14T10:13:59Z

Ayurtreatservices: adding new details

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Patamda
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Patamda Forest.jpg
| image_alt = Patamda Forest
| image_caption = '''Forest Reserve'''
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.9152|N|86.3858|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government banner of Jharkhand.png}} [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>villageinfo.in</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.9633
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name = "Windy">{{cite web | url=https://www.windy.com/22.906/86.386?22.328,86.386,8 | title=Professional weather forecast }}</ref>
| elevation_ft = 911
| elevation_m = 278
| population_total = 2558
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Santali language|Santali]] [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN code]]
| postal_code = 832105
| area_code_type = [[Telephone]]/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 0657
| registration_plate = [http://jhtransport.gov.in/dist-codes-vehicle-registration.html JH-05]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Literacy]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 66.15%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Jugsalai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jugsalai]]
| website = {{URL|jamshedpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Patamda''' is a small town in the [[Patamda block|Patamda]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Dhalbhum subdivision]] of the [[East Singhbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
In 1956, along with the [[States Reorganisation Commission|reorganisation of the states]], three police stations of [[Manbhum|Manbhum district]], namely Patamda, [[Ichagarh#Police station|Ichagarh]] and [[Chandil#Police station|Chandil]] were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to Dhalbhum subdivision, Ichagarh and Chandil to Seraikela subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |first= P.C. |last=Roy Chaudhury |work= Pages 386-387: General Administration| publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=420| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|22|35|0|N|86|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in East Singhbhum district in Kolhan Division''' (Locations around Jamshedpur are shown in the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration map - see [[Bagbera Colony#Geography|Bagbera Colony]] page) M: municipality, R: rural/ urban centre, CT: census town, T: tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|22|16|42|N|86|43|29|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Baharagora | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Baharagora]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|30|58|N|86|33|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Dhalbhumgarh| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Dhalbhumgarh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|57|4|N|86|17|43|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Boram| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Boram, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|27|20|N|86|26|19|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Dumaria | numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Dumaria, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|20|25|N|86|32|44|E}} | label-pos5=bottom|label5= Gurbandha | numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Gurbandha]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|37|19|N|86|9|30|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Hata| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Hata, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|28|0|N|86|35|11|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Kokpara| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Kokpara]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|40|0|N|86|24|58|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Mahulia| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Mahulia]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|54|54|N|86|23|8|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Patamda| numbered9=R| mark-title9=Patamda (R)|shape-color9=black| label-size9=13|label-color9=black 
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|37|19|N|86|12|47|E}} | label-pos10= right|label10= Potka| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Potka]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|47|33|N|86|11|3|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Jamshedpur| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[Jamshedpur]] (M) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|28|48|N|86|43|12|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=Chakuliya| numbered12=M| mark-title12= [[Chakuliya]] (M) |label-color12=#800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|38|33|N|86|29|28|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Burudi| numbered13=T| mark-title13=[[Burudi]] (T) |shape-color13= #74C365
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|38|47|N|86|24|16|E}} | label-pos14=bottom|label14= Galudih | numbered14=T| mark-title14=[[Galudih]] (T) |shape-color14= #74C365
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|35|16|N|86|28|27|E}} | label-pos15=bottom|label15= Ghatshila| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Ghatshila]] (CT) |shape-color15= #A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|36|36|N|86|8|18|E}} | label-pos16=bottom|label16=Haludpukur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Haludpukur]] (CT) |shape-color16= #A40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|39|40|N|86|21|36|E}} | label-pos17= top|label17=Jadugora| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Jadugora]] (CT) |shape-color17= #A40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|30|22|N|86|27|13|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=Musabani| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Musabani]] (CT) |shape-color18= #A40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|21|40|N|86|36|20|E}} |label19= Subarnarekha |labela19= River |label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 65| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|41|0|N|86|6|20|E}} |label20= Kharkhai |labela20= River |label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20= -55| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|54|0|N|86|12|0|E}} | label-pos21= top|label21= Dalma |labela21= Wildlife|labelb21= Sanctuary | numbered21=T| mark-title21= [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T) |shape-color21= #74C365
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|1|0|N|86|30|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA= 20| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4
|arc-coordB={{coord|22|16|0|N|86|15|0|E}}|arc-textB= ODISHA| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB= 0| arc-gapB=6.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}}

===Location===
Patamda is located at {{coord|22.9152|N|86.3858|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the map "forms a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] and is a hilly upland tract". The main rivers draining the district are the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and the [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 7: Natural Divisions |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 December 2021}}</ref> The area lying between [[Jamshedpur]] and [[Ghatshila]] is the main industrial mining zone. The rest of the district is primarily depend on the agricultural sector. In the district, as of 2011, 56.9% of the population lives in the rural areas and a high 43.1% lives in the urban areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Industrialisation, Page 22: Census findings – Population and its Distribution |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 December 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

[[File:Patamda.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Macha11.jpg|thumb]]

==Civic administration==
There is a police station at Patamda.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/east-singhbhum | title = District Police Profile – East Singhbhum | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 18 December 2021 | archive-date = 22 June 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220622213448/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/east-singhbhum | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The headquarters of the Patamda CD block is located at Patamda village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 75: Map of Patamda CD block |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Patamda had a total population of 2,558, of which 1,334 (52%) were males and 1,224 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 381. The total number of literate persons in Patamda was 1,440 (66.15% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2012_PART_B_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Location code: 363274, Pages 128-129: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Patamda block#Language and religion]])

==Education==
{{Cleanup list|section|date=April 2023}}
*'''Patamda Degree College'''<ref>[https://pdcjpatamda.in/ Patamda Degree College]</ref> was established in 1993. Affiliated with the [[Kolhan University]], It has facilities for teaching Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Economics, Political Science, Geography, History, Hindi, English, Bengali, Santali, Kurmali, Psychology, sociology, philosophy,, music and chhou.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://pdcjpatamda.in | title = Patamda Degree College | publisher = PDC | access-date = 16 December 2021}}</ref>
*'''Patamda College''' is a Hindi-medium co-educational institution established in 1984. It has facilities for teaching in classes XI and XII. It has a playground, a library with 65,0000 books, and has 5 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/purbi-singhbhum/20180110503/patamda-college-patamda.html | title= Patamda College Patamda| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>
*'''S.S.High School Patamda''' is a Hindi-medium co-educational institution established in 1961. It has facilities for teaching from class IX to class XII. The school has a playground and a library with 400 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/purbi-singhbhum/20180111010/s-s-+2high-school-patamda.html | title= S.S. +2 High School Patamda | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

===Private Schools===
There are some Private schools in Patamda.
*'''South Point School''', Gobarghusi Located in Gobarghusi which is 4 km from the main town. It is based on [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] Board.
*'''J.E.F Public School''' Rangatard Patamda.

===Government Schools===
Government Schools are mainly funded by the government.
*'''Middle School Jalla''' a primary-secondary school starting from class 1 to 10.
*'''Model School Jalla'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolhan Division}}

[[Category:Villages in East Singhbhum district]]

James Athikalam

2025-08-10T22:59:16Z

Ayurtreatservices: made initial article initial version...

{{Short description|Syro-Malabar prelate (born 1958)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = [[Bishop]]
| honorific-prefix =
| name = James Athikalam
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Sagar|Bishop of Sagar]]
| image =
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| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 12 January 2018
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Anthony Chirayath]]
| opposed =
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| other_post =
| previous_post =
| ordination = 22 March 1984
| ordained_by =
| consecration = 17 April 2018
| consecrated_by = [[George Alencherry]]
| cardinal =
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1958|07|05}}
| birth_place = [[Pulinkunnoo]], [[Kerala]], India
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{{Infobox bishopstyles |
| name = James Athikalam
| dipstyle=
*[[Excellency|His Excellency]]
*[[The Most Reverend]]
| offstyle = [[Your Excellency]]
| relstyle = [[Bishop]]
| image =
| image_size = 200px
}}
'''James Athikalam''' (born 5 July 1958) is an Indian prelate of the [[Syro-Malabar Church]]. Since January 2018, he is the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Sagar|Bishop of Sagar]].

==Biography==
Athikalam was ordained a priest on 22 March 1984, in the Congregation of the Missionaries of St. Thomas the Apostle. He worked mainly in monastic seminaries. He was also, among others, general director of the congregation and head of the monastic project of the Nirmal Jyothi Mental Health Program.<ref name="bio">{{cite web | url= http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/bishop.php?id=101 | title= Mar James Athikalam | website= syromalabarchurch.in | language= en | accessdate= 2022-08-19 | archive-date= 7 December 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221207092313/http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/bishop.php?id=101 | url-status= dead }}</ref>

On 12 January 2018, following the retirement of his predecessor [[Anthony Chirayath]], Athikalam was appointed bishop of Sagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/01/12/0022/00049.html|title=Rinuncia del Vescovo dell’Eparchia di Sagar dei Siro-Malabaresi (India) e nomina del nuovo Vescovo|website=vatican.va|date=2018-01-12|accessdate=2018-01-12|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2018-01/new-bishop-sagar-diocese.html|title=Pope appoints a new bishop for the Eparchy of Sagar, India|date=12 January 2018}}</ref> He was conferred episcopal chirotonium on 17 April by the head of the Syro-Malabar Church, Archbishop [[George Alencherry]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Athikalam, James}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar bishops]]

{{SyroMalabar-bishop-stub}}