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Disney+ Hotstar

2023-10-11T09:04:14Z

Australianartandculture: Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{short description|Indian streaming service operated by Disney Star}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Disney+ Hotstar
| logo = Disney+ Hotstar logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| screenshot = Disney+ Hotstar home page.png
| screenshot_alt = Screenshot of the Disney+ Hotstar homepage on 3 October 2020
| collapsible = yes
| type = [[OTT platform]]
| company_type = [[Subsidiary]]
| language = 
| country_of_origin = {{plainlist|
* [[India]]
}}
| area_served = {{plainlist|
* [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Thailand]] (as [[Disney+]] [[Hotstar]])
* [[Singapore]], [[Canada]] and [[United Kingdom]] (as Hotstar)
* [[United States]] (via [[Hulu]])
}}
| owner = [[The Walt Disney Company]]
| author = [[Disney Streaming]]<br />{{small|([[Disney Entertainment]])}}
| president = K Madhavan<ref name="Hotstar new president">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2022 |title=K Madhavan named as President of the Walt Disney Company India and Star India |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/k-madhavan-named-as-president-of-the-walt-disney-company-india-and-star-india/article34315396.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730210604/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/k-madhavan-named-as-president-of-the-walt-disney-company-india-and-star-india/article34315396.ece |archive-date=30 Jul 2022 |access-date=30 Jul 2022 |website=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref>
| key_people =
| industry = [[Entertainment]], [[mass media]]
| parent = [[The Walt Disney Company India]]
| url = {{url|https://www.hotstar.com|Disney+ Hotstar}}
| registration = Required{{efn|Optional in India, but member subscription is required to access additional content.}}
| users = {{decrease}} 52.9 million (paid; as of 01 April 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q2 - FY 23 Earning Report |url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/app/uploads/2023/02/q1-fy23-earnings.pdf |access-date=8 February 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208223231/https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/app/uploads/2023/02/q1-fy23-earnings.pdf }}</ref><br />300 million active users (May 2020)<ref name="user">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2020 |title=Disney+ Hotstar has about 8 million subscribers |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/08/disney-plus-hotstar-subscribers-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409073133/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/08/disney-plus-hotstar-subscribers-india/ |archive-date=9 April 2020 |access-date=9 April 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref>
| launched = {{plainlist|
* {{Start date and age|2015|02|11|df=y}} {{small|(as Hotstar)}}
* {{Start date and age|2020|04|03|df=y}} {{small|(as Disney+ Hotstar)}}
}}
| current_status = Active
}}

'''Disney+ Hotstar''' is an Indian [[Video on demand#Subscription models|subscription video on-demand]] [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[Streaming media|streaming]] service owned by [[The Walt Disney Company India]] and operated by [[Disney Streaming]], a subsidiary of the [[Disney Entertainment]] business segment of [[The Walt Disney Company]], featuring domestic [[Cinema of India|Indian film]], [[Television in India|television]] and [[Sport in India|sport]]s content for [[India]] itself and its [[Indian diaspora|worldwide diaspora]]. It also includes imported content and serves Southeast Asia as well.

The brand was introduced as Hotstar for a streaming service carrying content from Disney Star's local networks, including films, television series, live [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|sports]], and [[List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming|original programming]], as well as featuring content licensed from third-parties such as [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] among others. Amid the significant growth of [[mobile broadband]] in India, Hotstar quickly became the dominant streaming service in the country.

Following the [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|acquisition]] of [[Disney Star|Star India]]'s parent company [[21st Century Fox]] by Disney in 2019, Hotstar was integrated with the company's new global streaming brand [[Disney+]] as 'Disney+ Hotstar' in April 2020. The co-branded service added [[List of Disney+ original programming|Disney+ original programming]], and films and television series from its main content brands of [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]], [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Lucasfilm]], and [[National Geographic Partners|National Geographic]] alongside the domestic and third-party content already carried on the platform.

Outside of India, the Disney+ Hotstar service also operates in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, where it similarly combines entertainment content licensed from local, third-party studios, with the larger Disney+ library. Disney+ Hotstar is also expected to launch in Vietnam in October 1, 2023. In Singapore, Canada, and the United Kingdom, Hotstar operates as a streaming service targeting [[Indian diaspora]], focusing on Disney Star's domestic entertainment and sports content; Disney+ operates as a standalone service in these markets. In 2021, Disney announced that it would discontinue the U.S. version of Hotstar in November 2021, in favor of adding its content to the domestic [[Hulu]] and [[ESPN+]] services instead.

== History ==
[[File:Hotstar logo.svg|left|thumb|200px|First logo of Hotstar from 2015 until 2020.]]
Star India officially launched Hotstar on 11 February 2015 after fifteen months of development, coinciding with the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] and the upcoming [[2015 Indian Premier League]] (for which Star had acquired the streaming rights). The ad-supported service initially featured a library of over 35,000 hours of content in seven regional languages, as well as live streaming coverage of sports such as [[association football|football]] and [[kabaddi]], and [[cricket]] on a [[Broadcast delay|delay]]. Star CEO Sanjay Gupta felt that there "[weren't] many platforms available to Indian consumers offering high-quality, curated content besides, say, [[YouTube]]", and explained that the service would appeal most prominently to the growing young adult demographic, and feature "very targeted" advertising. He estimated that by 2020, the service could account for nearly a quarter of Star's annual revenue.<ref name="Hotstar launch">{{Cite web |last=Dina |first=Arzoo |date=11 February 2015 |title=With Hotstar, Star India aims to change the way content is consumed in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/Nfv7GOoewo9xdcGKVnOVnL/With-Hotstar-Star-India-aims-to-change-the-way-content-is-c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529211151/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/Nfv7GOoewo9xdcGKVnOVnL/With-Hotstar-Star-India-aims-to-change-the-way-content-is-c.html |archive-date=29 May 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=Star India's Novi Digital Entertainment bags IPL media rights for whopping Rs 302 crore |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/star-indias-novi-digital-entertainment-bags-ipl-media-rights-for-whopping-rs-302-crore-2091287.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326072827/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/star-indias-novi-digital-entertainment-bags-ipl-media-rights-for-whopping-rs-302-crore-2091287.html |archive-date=26 March 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Hotstar generated at least 345 million views throughout the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]], and approximately over 200 million views during the 2015 Indian Premier League season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2015 |title=Hotstar notches up 200 million views in IPL 8 |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/Hk3d4d6KIQ6YgpnxGjxn1I/Hotstar-notches-up-61-million-views-in-IPL8.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827015322/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/Hk3d4d6KIQ6YgpnxGjxn1I/Hotstar-notches-up-61-million-views-in-IPL8.html |archive-date=27 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2017 |title=Amazon Prime Video vs Netflix vs Hotstar: From price to content, which is the best video streaming site in India |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/technology-gallery/759938/amazon-prime-video-vs-netflix-vs-hotstar-from-price-to-content-which-is-the-best-video-streaming-site-in-india/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223101919/http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/technology-gallery/759938/amazon-prime-video-vs-netflix-vs-hotstar-from-price-to-content-which-is-the-best-video-streaming-site-in-india/ |archive-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> In April 2016, Hotstar launched a subscription tier primarily oriented towards international content and the possibility of premium sports content. The service launched alongside a new deal to carry [[HBO]] content uncut on the platform, with its introduction coinciding with the [[Game of Thrones (season 6)|season 6]] [[The Red Woman|premiere]] of ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sn |first=Vikas |title=Hotstar launches monthly subscriptions to offer US TV shows & movies |work=The Economic Times |url=http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/hotstar-subscriptions-us-tv-shows-movies/51973979 |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529211203/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/hotstar-subscriptions-us-tv-shows-movies/51973979 |archive-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

The 2016 launch of the [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]]-only wireless carrier [[Jio]] spurred the growth of [[mobile broadband]] in India, and was credited in turn for having bolstered the growth of streaming video in the country. While services of US origin such as [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Netflix]] saw some growth in the Indian market, Hotstar remained the dominant streaming service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=6 July 2018 |title=Netflix and Amazon are struggling to win over the world's second-largest internet market |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/05/netflix-and-amazon-are-struggling-to-win-over-indian-viewers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529211153/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/05/netflix-and-amazon-are-struggling-to-win-over-indian-viewers.html |archive-date=29 May 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=CNBC}}</ref> By July 2017, Hotstar's apps had reached 300 million downloads, and it was reported as being the top video streaming app in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Vidhi |date=16 July 2017 |title=Hotstar retains No. 1 spot among video streaming apps in January–June, shows data |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/gLpO7WF2jxF5DE1nGyZJnM/Hotstar-retains-No-1-spot-amongvideo-streaming-apps-in-Jan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529211153/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/gLpO7WF2jxF5DE1nGyZJnM/Hotstar-retains-No-1-spot-amongvideo-streaming-apps-in-Jan.html |archive-date=29 May 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=Livemint.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |date=29 December 2017 |title=Fall in data prices, new users reason for rise in video consumption |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/fall-in-data-prices-new-users-reason-for-rise-in-video-consumption/articleshow/62289634.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806054814/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/fall-in-data-prices-new-users-reason-for-rise-in-video-consumption/articleshow/62289634.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref>

In May 2018, it was reported that the service had 75{{ndash}}100 million active users per-month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=4 May 2018 |title=Fox Streaming Service Hotstar Breaks Out in Burgeoning India Market |url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/global/fox-hotstar-india-1202795869/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608221845/https://variety.com/2018/biz/global/fox-hotstar-india-1202795869/ |archive-date=8 June 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=Variety}}</ref> In September 2018, Hotstar CEO Ajit Mohan left to become the vice-president and managing director of Facebook India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Ajit Mohan, the new Facebook India head- Business News |date=25 September 2018 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/who-is-ajit-mohan-the-new-vp-and-md-of-facebook-india/story/282812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411111710/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/who-is-ajit-mohan-the-new-vp-and-md-of-facebook-india/story/282812.html |archive-date=11 April 2019 |access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> That same month, it was reported that the service had begun to restructure its leadership to have separate executives for its ad-supported and premium services, and, aided by new funding from Star US Holdings, planned to increase its production of premium original content to better-compete with Amazon and Netflix, amidst concerns that the service was beginning to haemorrhage cash.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |title=Star India rejigs Hotstar service to drive growth |work=The Economic Times |url=https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/65686673 |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513172641/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/65686673 |archive-date=13 May 2019}}</ref>

By 2019, the service had over 150 million active users monthly. In March 2019, ahead of the [[2019 Indian Premier League]], Hotstar migrated existing subscribers of its All Annual Sports plan to a new entry-level plan known as Hotstar VIP. Intended as an introductory option, it includes access to sports content (including the IPL, [[2019 Cricket World Cup]], and [[Premier League]] football), early access to serials before their television broadcast, and original series from the new ''Hotstar Specials'' banner. It is also payable via cash. Chief product officer Varun Narang described the offering as "a value proposition built with the Indian audience at the heart of it".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=Star India launches Hotstar VIP OTT featuring premium sport |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/star-india-hotstar-vip-ott-sport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806054834/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/star-india-hotstar-vip-ott-sport |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=SportsPro Media}}</ref>

The 2019 Indian Premier League repeatedly broke records for concurrent viewership on Hotstar, with the [[2019 Indian Premier League final|2019 final]] setting a new "global record" peak of 18.6 million. US website ''[[TechCrunch]]'' credited these gains to the extensive growth of internet usage in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotstar, Disney's Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/05/12/hotstar-disneys-indian-streaming-service-sets-new-global-record-for-live-viewership/ |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=TechCrunch |date=12 May 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This was surpassed during the semi-final of the 2019 Cricket World Cup between India and New Zealand, with 25.3 million. After the India-Pakistan match earlier in the tournament, Hotstar surpassed almost 100 million daily users.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2019 |title=Hotstar sets global streaming record during India-New Zealand semi-final |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/hotstar-global-streaming-record-india-new-zealand-semi-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183201/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/hotstar-global-streaming-record-india-new-zealand-semi-final |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=SportsPro Media}}</ref>

=== Acquisition by Disney, integration with Disney+ ===
Star, and in turn Hotstar, were acquired by [[The Walt Disney Company]] in 2019, as part of its [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|acquisition of their US parent company]] [[21st Century Fox]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

During a February 2020 earnings call, Iger announced that its recently launched international streaming brand [[Disney+]] and its original programming would be integrated into Hotstar as part of a re-launch on 29 March 2020. Iger stated that the service's launch—originally scheduled to coincide with the opening of the [[2020 Indian Premier League]]—would take advantage of Hotstar's existing infrastructure and customer base. ''[[The Motley Fool]]'' described Hotstar as being Disney's "secret weapon" in the market, due to its already-dominant position.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=5 February 2020 |title=Disney Plus To Launch on India's Hotstar |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/asia/disney-plus-to-launch-india-hotstar-1203493375/ |url-status=live |access-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205131254/https://variety.com/2020/digital/asia/disney-plus-to-launch-india-hotstar-1203493375/ |archive-date=5 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Disney+ to launch in India through Hotstar on March 29 |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2020/02/04/disney-to-launch-in-india-through-hotstar-on-march-29/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806054836/https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/04/disney-to-launch-in-india-through-hotstar-on-march-29/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=TechCrunch|date=5 February 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Danny |date=10 February 2020 |title=Disney+ Has a Secret Weapon in India |url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/02/10/disney-has-a-secret-weapon-in-india.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416201331/https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/02/10/disney-has-a-secret-weapon-in-india.aspx |archive-date=16 April 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=The Motley Fool}}</ref>

Hotstar began to [[soft launch]] the expanded service for some users in March. On 20 March 2020, in recognition of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] and associated postponement of the IPL season, the launch was pushed back to 3 April.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=20 March 2020 |title=Disney+ Hotstar launch deferred in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/disney-hotstar-launch-deferred-in-india-11584697919138.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321160013/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/disney-hotstar-launch-deferred-in-india-11584697919138.html |archive-date=21 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020 |website=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney+ India launch postponed |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2020/03/20/disney-india-hotstar-launch-postponed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806054757/https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/20/disney-india-hotstar-launch-postponed/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=21 March 2020 |website=TechCrunch|date=20 March 2020 }}</ref> The service officially launched with a "virtual red carpet premiere" of ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' and Disney+ series ''[[The Mandalorian]]'', featuring actors [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], and [[Tiger Shroff]] participating in live interactions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |date=3 April 2020 |title=Disney+ Launched in India with "Virtual Red Carpet Premiere" Amid Coronavirus Lockdown |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-launched-india-virtual-red-carpet-premiere-1288156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404003812/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-launched-india-virtual-red-carpet-premiere-1288156 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> The price of the Hotstar Premium service was also increased with the launch.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2020 |title=Disney+ Hotstar Subscription Costs More Than Hotstar Premium: Here's Why |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/disney-hotstar-subscription-costs-more-than-hotstar-premium-heres-why-2561355.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227212911/https://www.news18.com/news/tech/disney-hotstar-subscription-costs-more-than-hotstar-premium-heres-why-2561355.html |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=News18}}</ref>

On 2 May 2020, Star announced that it would distribute the service for free to [[Labour in India]] in Singapore through 21 July, to improve morale amid [[Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic|their impact from COVID-19]].<ref name="NewsAsia 2020">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2020 |title=Walt Disney Company bringing streaming service to migrant workers in Singapore |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/disney-free-streaming-service-hotstar-migrant-workers-singapore-12699664 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021070227/https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/disney-free-streaming-service-hotstar-migrant-workers-singapore-12699664 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=19 October 2020 |website=Channel NewsAsia |publisher=[[MediaCorp]]}}</ref> In June 2020, Hotstar named Sunil Rayan, formerly of [[Google]], as its new president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=20 June 2020 |title=India's Disney Plus Hotstar Taps Google's Sunil Rayan as President |url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-sunil-rayan-1234643415/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622005218/https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-sunil-rayan-1234643415/ |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=23 June 2020 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

In August 2020, Disney announced that it would begin extending the Disney+ Hotstar service to other territories, beginning with Indonesia.<ref name="Indonesia launch" /> The company also announced that it would similarly use the branding [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] (as originated from Star Asia) for general entertainment streaming services in markets outside of the United States. Unlike Disney+ Hotstar-branded services, however, the Star brand is used as an equivalent to Disney's U.S. streaming brand [[Hulu]] (which has less recognition outside of the U.S.), and generally consists of a content hub added to existing Disney+ services (unlike Disney+ Hotstar, which is based on Hotstar's platform). In Latin America, Star was released as a second service, [[Star+]], which also features [[ESPN (Latin America)|ESPN]] content.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Disney finally revealed the real Disney Plus |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/11/22169873/disney-plus-streaming-marvel-star-wars-new-shows-movies-star-hulu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211210539/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/11/22169873/disney-plus-streaming-marvel-star-wars-new-shows-movies-star-hulu |archive-date=December 11, 2020 |access-date=December 12, 2020 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=August 4, 2020 |title=Disney is launching a new Star-branded streaming service internationally |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/4/21354712/disney-star-streaming-service-international-expansion-hulu-plus-abc-fx-fox |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805125023/https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/4/21354712/disney-star-streaming-service-international-expansion-hulu-plus-abc-fx-fox |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |access-date=December 14, 2020 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2023, Disney reported that Disney+ had a net loss of 2.4 million subscribers worldwide in the first fiscal quarter of 2023, with its loss of streaming rights to the IPL in India to [[Viacom18]] being the main contributing factor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Tony |date=2023-02-08 |title=Disney+ Lost 2.4 Million Subscribers in Q1: What Happened |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/02/disney-plus-lost-millions-of-subscribers-1234807625/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=IndieWire |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210021930/https://www.indiewire.com/2023/02/disney-plus-lost-millions-of-subscribers-1234807625/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Jio effect: Hotstar sheds 3.8 mn subscribers in Dec quarter after losing IPL rights |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/jio-effect-hotstar-sheds-38-mn-subscribers-in-dec-quarter-after-losing-ipl-rights-369648-2023-02-09 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210021931/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/jio-effect-hotstar-sheds-38-mn-subscribers-in-dec-quarter-after-losing-ipl-rights-369648-2023-02-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2023, it was reported that [[HBO]] original programming would be moving from Hotstar, possibly related to an announcement by Disney CEO [[Bob Iger]] regarding a restructuring and cutting $5.5 billion in costs at [[The Walt Disney Company]].<ref>{{cite web|title=HBO Content Set To Move From Disney+ Hotstar In India|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Liz|last=Shackleton|date=10 February 2023|access-date=8 March 2023|url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/house-of-the-dragon-succession-hbo-disney-plus-hotstar-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235254661/|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308092048/https://deadline.com/2023/02/house-of-the-dragon-succession-hbo-disney-plus-hotstar-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235254661/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was confirmed by the platform via a tweet the following month, announcing that HBO original programming would be removed from the platform from 31st March, including series such as ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', its spinoff ''[[House of the Dragon]]'', ''[[Succession (TV series)|Succession]]'' and the ongoing series ''[[The Last of Us (TV series)|The Last of Us]]''. Although it was speculated by analysts that HBO content would be made available on [[Amazon Prime Video]], where [[HBO Max]] original programming as well as films from the [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] library are currently available,<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney+ Hotstar Confirms HBO Content Moving Off The Platform In India From March 31|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Liz|last=Shackleton|date=7 March 2023|access-date=8 March 2023|url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/disney-plus-hotstar-hbo-content-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235282376/|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308084626/https://deadline.com/2023/03/disney-plus-hotstar-hbo-content-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235282376/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Reliance Industries]]/Viacom18's [[JioCinema]] signed a deal with [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] in April 2023 for the HBO, [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] and [[HBO Max]] content libraries to be made available on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|title=Warner Bros Discovery, Viacom18 Sign Exclusive Content Partnership For India|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Liz|last=Shackleton|date=27 April 2023|access-date=27 April 2023|url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/warner-bros-discovery-viacom18-jio-cinema-hbo-max-originals-1235339153/|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427080412/https://deadline.com/2023/04/warner-bros-discovery-viacom18-jio-cinema-hbo-max-originals-1235339153/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ramachandran|first1=Naman|last2=Frater|first2=Patrick|title=Viacom18-JioCinema Secures HBO, Max Original and Warner Bros. Content for India|url=https://variety.com/2023/global/news/viacom18-jiocinema-india-hbo-warner-1235596330/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 27, 2023|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427200723/https://variety.com/2023/global/news/viacom18-jiocinema-india-hbo-warner-1235596330/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-04-27 |title=Viacom18 secures HBO deal in India for ₹1,000cr |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/viacom18-secures-hbo-deal-in-india-for-1000cr-11682618609758.html |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428081440/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/viacom18-secures-hbo-deal-in-india-for-1000cr-11682618609758.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In response to JioCinema's decision to stream the entirety of the 2023 IPL for free, Disney+ Hotstar announced in June 2023 that it would stream the [[2023 Asia Cup]] and [[2023 Cricket World Cup]] for free on mobile devices.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-14 |title=JioCinema bags digital rights for India's tour of West Indies |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/jiocinema-bags-digital-rights-for-indias-tour-of-west-indies/articleshow/100988098.cms |access-date=2023-06-18 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618014152/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/jiocinema-bags-digital-rights-for-indias-tour-of-west-indies/articleshow/100988098.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Content ==
{{Further|List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming|List of Disney+ Hotstar original films}}

Disney+ Hotstar's content library draws from Disney Star's television networks, including its entertainment networks and [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Hotstar Rs 365 VIP subscription: What is it, what does it offer and everything you need to know |work=India Today |agency=Ist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/hotstar-vip-subscription-what-is-it-what-does-it-offer-and-everything-you-need-to-know-1484053-2019-03-22 |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513172645/https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/hotstar-vip-subscription-what-is-it-what-does-it-offer-and-everything-you-need-to-know-1484053-2019-03-22 |archive-date=13 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=Should You Subscribe to Hotstar VIP or Hotstar Premium Ahead of IPL 2019? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/should-you-subscribe-to-hotstar-vip-or-hotstar-premium-ahead-of-ipl-2019-2074341.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328154814/https://www.news18.com/news/tech/should-you-subscribe-to-hotstar-vip-or-hotstar-premium-ahead-of-ipl-2019-2074341.html |archive-date=28 March 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=News18}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |date=20 March 2019 |title=Hotstar launches new subscription pack ahead of IPL |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/hotstar-launches-new-subscription-pack-ahead-of-ipl/articleshow/68490906.cms |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521180641/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/hotstar-launches-new-subscription-pack-ahead-of-ipl/articleshow/68490906.cms |archive-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> Imported content is drawn primarily from [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] and [[Disney General Entertainment Content]], and includes [[List of Disney+ original programming|Disney+ original programming]] and the core Disney+ libraries of Disney (including [[Pixar]]), [[Marvel Studios]], [[Lucasfilm]] (including the ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchises), and [[National Geographic]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> It also holds licensing agreements with other third-party content providers,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> such as streaming rights to first-run and library programming from [[HBO]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2015 |title=Fox's Star India Strikes Exclusive Deal for HBO Originals |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foxs-star-india-hbo-content-845061 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407175501/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foxs-star-india-hbo-content-845061 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

In July 2017, Hotstar gained domestic streaming rights to first-run and library programming from [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Vidhi |date=12 July 2017 |title=Hotstar to stream shows from CBS's Showtime |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/cdfOg6N4ObxwTs1mWSGdKK/Hotstar-to-stream-shows-from-CBSs-Showtime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529211151/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/cdfOg6N4ObxwTs1mWSGdKK/Hotstar-to-stream-shows-from-CBSs-Showtime.html |archive-date=29 May 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=Livemint.com}}</ref> Rights to new Showtime content later moved to [[Viacom18]]'s [[Voot]] (a sister of Showtime via parent company [[Paramount Global]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viacom18 launches subscription-based video streaming service 'Voot Select' – ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/viacom18-launches-subscription-based-video-streaming-service-voot-select/74460526 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122233339/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/viacom18-launches-subscription-based-video-streaming-service-voot-select/74460526 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=ETBrandEquity.com}}</ref> In October 2018, Hotstar partnered with [[Hooq]] to offer its content on its premium service, including rights to films and series from its co-owners [[Sony Pictures]] and [[Warner Bros.]], as well as its other content partners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=8 October 2018 |title=HOOQ Massively Expands India Reach With Hotstar Partnership (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/asia/hooq-expands-india-reach-hotstar-partnership-1202971812/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409084712/https://variety.com/2018/biz/asia/hooq-expands-india-reach-hotstar-partnership-1202971812/ |archive-date=9 April 2019 |access-date=10 July 2020 |website=Variety}}</ref> The partnership ended following Hooq's liquidation in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2020 |title=Indian Arrowverse Fans Left in the Dark as Hooq Shuts Down |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/the-flash-supergirl-legends-of-tomorrow-hooq-shut-down-hotstar-gone-india-watch-online-2220871 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430074816/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/the-flash-supergirl-legends-of-tomorrow-hooq-shut-down-hotstar-gone-india-watch-online-2220871 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |access-date=30 April 2020 |website=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> The partnership with HBO ended in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackleton |first=Liz |date=8 March 2023 |title=Disney+ Hotstar Confirms HBO Content Moving Off The Platform In India From March 31 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/disney-plus-hotstar-hbo-content-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235282376/ |access-date=8 March 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308084626/https://deadline.com/2023/03/disney-plus-hotstar-hbo-content-india-warner-bros-discovery-1235282376/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some early original content on the service included the [[News satire]] program ''[[On Air With AIB]]'', and ''CinePlay''. In March 2019, the service launched a new premium original content brand, ''Hotstar Specials'', with the first production being ''[[Roar of the Lion]]''—a docudrama miniseries chronicling the [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the [[2018 Indian Premier League]]. Hotstar stated that these series would be at least six episodes in length, be available in seven regional languages ([[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Telugu language|Telugu]])<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |date=15 January 2019 |title=Hotstar to invest Rs 120 crore in generating original content |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115154935/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms |archive-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> and focus on providing "big-scale, high-quality drama". Hotstar partnered with a large number of Indian filmmakers to produce series for the brand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2019 |title=MS Dhoni bared his soul in Roar of the Lion: Kabir Khan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kabir-khan-ms-dhoni-roar-of-the-lion-hotstar-56222724/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090124/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kabir-khan-ms-dhoni-roar-of-the-lion-hotstar-56222724/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=MS Dhoni to feature in Hotstar's docu-drama Roar of the Lion |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ms-dhoni-to-feature-in-hotstar-docu-drama-roar-of-the-lion-5612155/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101130/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ms-dhoni-to-feature-in-hotstar-docu-drama-roar-of-the-lion-5612155/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=14 January 2019 |title=Hotstar, Fox's Indian Streaming Service, Moves Into Original Content With Big-Name Talent |url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/hotstar-fox-india-streaming-original-content-hotstar-specials-1203107004/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203073634/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/hotstar-fox-india-streaming-original-content-hotstar-specials-1203107004/ |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=Variety}}</ref>

In June 2020, Hotstar announced that it would begin to offer [[Direct-to-video|direct-to-streaming]] premieres of Indian films under the "Disney+ Hotstar Multiplex" banner due to COVID-19-related cinema closures, beginning with [[Star Studios]]' ''[[Dil Bechara]]'' on 24 July 2020, followed by ''[[The Big Bull]]'', ''[[Lootcase]]'', ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]'', ''[[Laxmii]]'', ''[[Bhuj: The Pride of India]]'', ''[[Sadak 2]]'', and ''[[Mookuthi Amman]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney+ Hotstar launches Multiplex, to directly release Bollywood films – ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/disney-hotstar-launches-multiplex-to-directly-release-bollywood-films/76692553 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703042009/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/disney-hotstar-launches-multiplex-to-directly-release-bollywood-films/76692553 |archive-date=3 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website=ETBrandEquity.com}}</ref>

== Device support and service features ==
Hotstar allows users to stream on up to four devices concurrently depending on their plan, and downloads for offline viewing depending on individual content licenses. Most content is able to be streamed in resolutions up to [[1080p]]. In April 2020, Hotstar started rolling out [[Dolby Digital]] sound on [[Android TV]], [[Apple TV]], [[Amazon Fire TV]], [[Fire HD]], and [[Roku]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Akhil |date=3 April 2020 |title=Disney+ Hotstar Rolls Out 5.1 Surround Sound, Starting With The Mandalorian |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/disney-plus-hotstar-surround-sound-dolby-5-1-digital-audio-tv-android-apple-fire-mandalorian-2205746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728184725/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/disney-plus-hotstar-surround-sound-dolby-5-1-digital-audio-tv-android-apple-fire-mandalorian-2205746 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |website=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> and later [[4K resolution|4K]] with [[High-dynamic-range television|HDR]] in August 2020, initially for Apple TV and Android TV devices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=Disney+ Hotstar Rolls Out 4K HDR Support on Android TV, Apple TV |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-4k-hdr-disney-plus-uhd-android-apple-tv-dolby-vision-2274650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728184742/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-4k-hdr-disney-plus-uhd-android-apple-tv-dolby-vision-2274650 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |website=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

In India, the service was previously offered with "VIP" and "Premium" subscription tiers, which were differentiated by their content libraries (with the Premium tier featuring more premium international series and films). In September 2021, Hotstar introduced a new plan structure based on device support and concurrent streams (more akin to that of Netflix), with "Mobile" allowing a single stream on a mobile device only, "Super" allowing streams on up to two devices simultaneously, and "Premium" allowing streaming on up to four devices simultaneously, and with 4K support. Under the new plan structure, the same content library became available to all Disney+ Hotstar subscribers regardless of tier.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Akhil |date=27 July 2021 |title=Disney+ Hotstar Unveils New Rs. 499 Mobile, Rs. 899 Super, and Rs. 1,499 Premium Plans |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-disney-plus-india-plans-new-mobile-super-premium-499-899-1499-year-annual-2495963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728001322/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-disney-plus-india-plans-new-mobile-super-premium-499-899-1499-year-annual-2495963 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |website=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=Disney+ Hotstar launches 3 new plans, price starts from Rs 499 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/techook/disney-hotstar-launches-three-new-plans-price-starts-from-rs-499-netflix-amazon-prime-plans-compared-7424656/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120071228/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/techook/disney-hotstar-launches-three-new-plans-price-starts-from-rs-499-netflix-amazon-prime-plans-compared-7424656/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Availability ==

=== North America and the United Kingdom ===
On 4 September 2017, [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] acquired the entirety of the media rights to the [[Indian Premier League]], with Hotstar acting as the international digital rightsholder. Hotstar launched an international subscription service in Canada and the United States, aimed towards providing its domestic Indian content and sports.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 2017 |title=Star India bags IPL media rights for next 5 years |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/watch-star-india-bags-ipl-media-rights-for-next-5-years/videoshow/60360432.cmsS |access-date=9 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="US Canada launch">{{Cite news |title=Hotstar Launches Its Premium Service in US and Canada |work=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-us-canada-premium-launch-price-1745759 |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094409/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-us-canada-premium-launch-price-1745759 |archive-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> Hotstar launched in the United Kingdom on 13 September 2018, to coincide with the [[2018 Asia Cup]].<ref name="UK launch">{{Cite news |title=Star India's Hotstar launches in United Kingdom |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/star-indias-hotstar-launches-in-united-kingdom/65778058 |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513172639/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/star-indias-hotstar-launches-in-united-kingdom/65778058 |archive-date=13 May 2019}}</ref>

On 4 January 2019, Star discontinued their international linear pay television channels in the United States (such as [[StarPlus]]), pivoting its focus in the region to Hotstar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baddhan |first=Raj |date=7 December 2018 |title=Star TV to shutdown television operations in USA |work=BizAsia |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/star-tv-ceases-television-operations-in-usa |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413032946/https://www.bizasialive.com/star-tv-ceases-television-operations-in-usa |archive-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> On 31 August 2021, Disney announced that it would, in turn, discontinue Hotstar in the United States, in favour of hosting its sports and entertainment content on [[ESPN+]] and Hulu respectively beginning 1 September. Annual subscribers who had not yet subscribed to Disney's streaming services were provided with an offer to receive the Disney Bundle (Disney+, ESPN+, and Hulu) at no cost for the remainder of their Hotstar subscription period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lattanzio |first=Ryan |date=31 August 2021 |title=Disney to Phase Out Hotstar U.S. Streaming Service, Fold Programming Into Hulu and ESPN Plus |url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/disney-phase-out-hotstar-us-espn-hulu-bundle-1235050111/ |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=Variety |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903044017/https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/disney-phase-out-hotstar-us-espn-hulu-bundle-1235050111/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The shutdown was later scheduled for 30 November 2021.<ref name="USShutdown">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2021 |title=Hotstar will be discontinued in the US on November 30 |url=https://twitter.com/hotstarusa/status/1461160164795379715 |website=Twitter |access-date=18 November 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513122314/https://twitter.com/hotstarusa/status/1461160164795379715 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Asia ===
In August 2019, Disney CEO [[Bob Iger]] stated that plans were in place for expansion of Hotstar into [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Disney Plans Southeast Asia Expansion for Hotstar |work=Gadgets 360 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-southeast-asia-expansion-disney-bob-iger-star-india-2081496 |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807112424/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-southeast-asia-expansion-disney-bob-iger-star-india-2081496 |archive-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> In August 2020, it was announced that Disney+ Hotstar would launch in Indonesia on 5 September 2020, marking the unified service's first expansion outside of India.<ref name="Indonesia launch">{{Cite news |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=5 August 2020 |title=Disney Plus Hotstar to Launch in Indonesia in September |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-indonesia-1234725872 |url-status=live |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805074351/https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-indonesia-1234725872/ |archive-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, Star India announced the launch of Hotstar in Singapore, which took place on 1 November 2020.<ref name="Singapore launch">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=19 October 2020 |title=Disney Streaming Platform Hotstar Set For Singapore Launch on StarHub |url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/news/disney-hotstar-singapore-launch-1234809227 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628055150/https://variety.com/2020/streaming/news/disney-hotstar-singapore-launch-1234809227/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> On 25 February 2021, it was reported that Disney+ Hotstar would launch in Malaysia and Thailand in 2021.<ref name="SEA report">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=Disney+Hotstar expected to end 2021 with 50 million subscribers |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/disneyhotstar-expected-to-end-2021-with-over-50-million-subscribers-210224 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225185824/https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/disneyhotstar-expected-to-end-2021-with-over-50-million-subscribers-210224 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=indiantelevision.com}}</ref> The service launched in Malaysia on 1 June 2021,<ref name="Malaysia launch">{{Cite news |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2021 |title=Disney Plus Hotstar to Launch in Malaysia With Local Content Component |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-malaysia-launch-1234965831 |url-status=live |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504044452/https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-malaysia-launch-1234965831/ |archive-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> and Thailand on 30 June.<ref name="Thailand launch">{{Cite news |last=Datta |first=Lisa Richwine, Tiyashi |date=13 May 2021 |title=Disney's streaming growth slows as pandemic lift fades, shares fall |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walt-disney-results-idUSKBN2CU27N |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514040445/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walt-disney-results-idUSKBN2CU27N |archive-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> There was a report stating the service was expected to launch in Vietnam.<ref name="Vietnam launch">{{Cite web |last=Thomson |first=Stuart |date=28 October 2021 |title=Omdia: Disney+ Hotstar boosts OTT to surpass pay TV in SE Asia |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2021/10/28/omdia-disney-hotstar-boosts-ott-to-surpass-pay-tv-in-se-asia |website=digitaltveurope.com |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030171904/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2021/10/28/omdia-disney-hotstar-boosts-ott-to-surpass-pay-tv-in-se-asia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to content from Disney's library, the Southeast Asian versions of Disney+ Hotstar also had a large focus on domestic acquisitions. In Indonesia, Hotstar reached content supply agreements with studios such as [[:id:Falcon Pictures|Falcon Pictures]], [[:id:MD Pictures|MD Pictures]], [[Rapi Films]], [[:id:Soraya Intercine Films|Soraya Intercine Films]], [[:id:Screenplay Films|Screenplay Films]], and [[:id:Kharisma Starvision Plus|Starvision Plus]] among others, and also acquired first-run direct-to-streaming releases (which are being marketed as ''Hotstar Originals''). To appeal to the local [[Indian Indonesians|Indian ethnicity population]], the service also carries [[Hindi cinema]] films subtitled and/or [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] into the [[Indonesian language]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=7 May 2021 |title=Disney to Tailor Streaming Content for Competitive Asian Markets After Shuttering Linear Channels |url=https://variety.com/2021/biz/asia/disney-plus-asia-korea-viu-telkomsel-1234968712/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215955/https://variety.com/2021/biz/asia/disney-plus-asia-korea-viu-telkomsel-1234968712/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=10 August 2020 |title=Local Content Gets Priority as Disney Plus Hotstar Confirms Indonesia Launch |url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-indonesia-2-1234730335/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603074706/https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-indonesia-2-1234730335/ |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref>

The Malaysian version of the service has similarly reached deals with studios such as Skop Productions, Revolution Media Films, [[Media Prima]], [[WAU Animation]], Act 2 Pictures, Les’ Copaque Production and Red Films to carry films on the platform, with some being released direct-to-streaming.<ref name="Malaysia launch" /> The Thai version reached agreements with studios and broadcasters such as [[GDH 559|GDH]], [[GMM 25]], [[Kantana Group]], [[One 31]], and [[Sahamongkol Film International|Sahamongkolfilm]], and has licensed content from other East Asian regions such as China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.<ref name="AIS">{{Cite news |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=8 June 2021 |title=Disney Plus Hotstar Thailand Launch Plans Confirmed |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-thailand-launch-plans-1234991060 |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608091448/https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-thailand-launch-plans-1234991060/ |archive-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Laorattanakul |first=Supakarn |date=28 June 2021 |title=5 สิ่งที่ควรรู้ก่อนออกโลดแล่นสู่ดินแดน Disney+ Hotstar 30 มิ.ย. นี้ |language=th |trans-title=5 Things You Should Know Before You Imagine More with Disney+ Hotstar This 30 June |work=Beartai |url=https://www.beartai.com/lifestyle/movies/684420 |url-status=live |access-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629082535/https://www.beartai.com/lifestyle/movies/684420 |archive-date=29 June 2021}}</ref>

In January 2022, Disney+ Hotstar announced that it had acquired rights to [[WWE Network]] in Indonesia, with its content and live events becoming available on the platform at no additional charge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=27 January 2022 |title=Disney Takes Exclusive WWE Network Streaming Rights In Indonesia, A Potential Prelude To Deals In Other Territories |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/disney-plus-hotstar-wwe-network-streaming-rights-indonesia-1234903900/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129140947/https://deadline.com/2022/01/disney-plus-hotstar-wwe-network-streaming-rights-indonesia-1234903900/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{anchor|Launch}}
{{image frame|align=right|content=
{{Highlighted world map by country
|IN=blue |CA=#8ABA4A |GB=#8ABA4A |ID=blue |SG=#8ABA4A |MY=blue |TH=blue |VN=red
|scale=90}}
|caption={{legend|blue|Available as Disney+ Hotstar}}{{legend|#8ABA4A|Available as Hotstar}}{{legend|red|Confirmed launch}}
|max-width=100%}}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Launch as Disney+ Hotstar
! scope="col" | Release date
! scope="col" | Country/territory
! scope="col" | Release partner
|-
! scope="row" | {{ubl|11 February 2015{{efn|as Hotstar}}<ref name="Hotstar launch" />|3 April 2020{{efn|Rebranded as Disney+ Hotstar}}}}
| [[India]]
| None
|-
! scope="row" | 5 September 2020<ref name="Indonesia launch" />
| [[Indonesia]]
| {{ubl|[[Telkomsel]]|[[Telkom Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Astutik |first=Yuni |date=30 September 2021 |title=Disney+ Hotstar & IndiHome Kerjasama Hadirkan 7 Ribu Konten |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20210930162925-33-280466/disney--hotstar-indihome-kerjasama-hadirkan-7-ribu-konten |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=[[CNBC Indonesia]] |language=ID |archive-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001042956/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20210930162925-33-280466/disney--hotstar-indihome-kerjasama-hadirkan-7-ribu-konten |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1 June 2021<ref name="Malaysia launch" />
| [[Malaysia]]
| {{ubl|[[Astro (television)|Astro]]|[[Unifi (internet service provider)|unifi]] {{small|([[unifi TV]])}}<ref>{{cite press release|title=DISNEY+ HOTSTAR AND OTHER TOP-NOTCH INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTENT WILL ROCK MALAYSIAN SCREENS VIA UNIFI TV'S COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT OFFERING!|date=April 22, 2022|url=https://www.tm.com.my/Newsroom/Pages/DISNEY+-HOTSTAR-AND-OTHER-TOP-NOTCH-INTERNATIONAL-AND-LOCAL-CONTENT-WILL-ROCK-MALAYSIAN-SCREENS-VIA-UNIFI-TV%E2%80%99S-COMPREHENSIV.aspx|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531084254/https://www.tm.com.my/Newsroom/Pages/DISNEY+-HOTSTAR-AND-OTHER-TOP-NOTCH-INTERNATIONAL-AND-LOCAL-CONTENT-WILL-ROCK-MALAYSIAN-SCREENS-VIA-UNIFI-TV%E2%80%99S-COMPREHENSIV.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DisneyUnifiMY">{{cite news|last=Chapree|first=Chief|date=2022-04-22|title=Disney+ Hotstar Is Coming To unifi TV This May|url=https://www.lowyat.net/2022/271960/disney-hotstar-unifi-tv-may/|website=Lowyat.net|access-date=2022-04-23|archive-date=22 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422090932/https://www.lowyat.net/2022/271960/disney-hotstar-unifi-tv-may/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" | 30 June 2021<ref name="Thailand launch" />
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Advanced Info Service|AIS]]<ref name="AIS" />
|-
! scope="row" | 1 October 2023<ref name="Vietnam launch" />
| [[Vietnam]]
| None
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Launch as Hotstar
! scope="col" | Release date
! scope="col" | Country/territory
! scope="col" | Release partner
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 4 September 2017<ref name="US Canada launch" />
| [[Canada]]
| rowspan="3" | None
|-
| [[United States]]{{Efn|It was shut down on 30 November 2021 and its contents were moved to [[Hulu]] and [[ESPN+]].<ref name="USShutdown" />|name=HotstarUS-Move}}
|-
! scope="row" | 13 September 2018<ref name="UK launch" />
| [[United Kingdom]]
|-
! scope="row" | 1 November 2020<ref name="Singapore launch" />
| [[Singapore]]
| [[StarHub]]
|}

== Censorship ==
The HBO series ''[[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|Last Week Tonight]]'' faced several instances of censorship on Hotstar since the purchase of the service by Disney; two episodes were edited to remove jokes referencing Disney characters, including a November 2019 episode on the [[United States census|US census]] relating to a PSA featuring [[Mickey Mouse]] (where Oliver claimed the character was a "[[Crack cocaine|crack]] addict"; a scene was also cropped to obscure a graphic relating to the joke),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotstar Censors Disney Jokes in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-last-week-tonight-with-john-oliver-disney-fact-censorship-india-2135884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219234521/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-last-week-tonight-with-john-oliver-disney-fact-censorship-india-2135884 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=20 November 2019 }}</ref> and a remark about [[Donald Duck]]'s penis being "[[Penis#Birds|shaped like a corkscrew]]" during an episode discussing China's [[one-child policy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="thr-lwthotstar">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2020 |title=John Oliver Slams Disney-Owned Streamer for Censoring 'Last Week Tonight' Jokes About Disney |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/john-oliver-slams-disney-owned-hotstar-removing-jokes-disney-1283146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310025824/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/john-oliver-slams-disney-owned-hotstar-removing-jokes-disney-1283146 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> In February 2020, Hotstar refused to carry an episode that contained segments critical of Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]], which had alleged that his policy of [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalism]] was a growing threat to democracy in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney India Blocks John Oliver Show Critical of Narendra Modi |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/walt-disney-in-india-blocks-john-oliver-show-critical-of-modi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226125322/https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/walt-disney-in-india-blocks-john-oliver-show-critical-of-modi |archive-date=26 February 2020 |access-date=26 February 2020 |website=BloombergQuint|date=25 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2020 |title=Hotstar blocks John Oliver's 'Last Week Tonight' episode criticising Narendra Modi |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/hotstar-blocks-john-olivers-last-week-tonight-episode-criticising-narendra-modi/article30920096.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226104844/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/hotstar-blocks-john-olivers-last-week-tonight-episode-criticising-narendra-modi/article30920096.ece |archive-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Disney India blocks John Oliver's show critical of Narendra Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/disney-india-blocks-john-oliver-show-critical-of-narendra-modi-6287300/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226125322/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/disney-india-blocks-john-oliver-show-critical-of-narendra-modi-6287300/ |archive-date=26 February 2020 |access-date=26 February 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

The programme's host [[John Oliver]] addressed all three instances of censorship by Hotstar in the 8 March 2020 episode. He placed a larger emphasis on the censorship of Disney references, however (alluding to his role of [[Zazu (Disney character)|Zazu]] in Disney's 2019 CGI remake of ''The Lion King''), jokingly arguing that he resented the censorship of his "factually accurate" Donald Duck joke more than the Modi episode being pulled.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=John Oliver slams Disney for censoring his show in India |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2020/03/08/john-oliver-slams-disneys-hotstar-for-censoring-his-show/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806054805/https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/08/john-oliver-slams-disneys-hotstar-for-censoring-his-show/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=TechCrunch|date=9 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="thr-lwthotstar" />

The service was highly criticised and ridiculed upon its launch in Thailand for the censorship and editing of Disney content, where violent and/or suggestive scenes were cut out or blurred, with a majority of titles being cropped to fit 16:9 widescreen televisions and/or also sped up to 25 frames per second ([[PAL]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=เหมียวนานะ |date=2 July 2021 |title=ชาวเน็ตบ่นอุบ หลังพบ Disney+ Hotstar ตัดฉากรุนแรง ฉากทางเพศออก จนเสียอรรถรส |trans-title=The internet complains of Disney+ Hotstar after noticing violent and suggestive scenes were cut out |url=https://www.catdumb.com/movie-series/20481 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722043700/https://www.catdumb.com/movie-series/20481 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=21 July 2021 |website=CatDumb |language=th}}</ref> On 14 July 2021, during a live podcast hosted by Thai news reporter Jomquan Laopetch, Disney Southeast Asia and Thailand general manager, direct-to-consumer Winradit Kolasastraseni stated that he was aware of the issues and admitted they were the [[Quality control|QC team]]'s fault; the service has been replacing censored/edited video files with their original cuts since then.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jomquan |date=14 July 2021 |title=มาเถอะจะคุยI EP.19 "เมื่อโควิดมาถึงจุดนี้ เอาผิดรัฐบาลได้ไหม?" {{Pipe}} จอมขวัญ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w8Nic8uK_4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722043653/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w8Nic8uK_4 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=21 July 2021 |language=th |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|https://www.hotstar.com/in}}

{{Hotstar}}
{{Star TV}}
{{Star Sports}}
{{Navboxes|list1={{Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution}}
{{Disney}}
{{VOD services}}}}

[[Category:Disney+]]
[[Category:Internet television streaming services]]
[[Category:Self-censorship]]
[[Category:Disney Star]]
[[Category:Star Sports]]
[[Category:Subscription video on demand services]]

M. P. Gupta

2023-10-06T07:33:33Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with 'Prof. M P Gupta is currently "Modi Foundation Chair Professor" at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.'

{{Multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=October 2023}}
{{tone|date=October 2023}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2023}}

}}

'''M. P. Gupta''' is an Indian academic. He is currently "Modi Foundation Chair Professor" at [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]. Prof. M P Gupta has provided mentorship for 30 Doctoral theses, collaborated on 22 sponsored and consultancy projects with a cumulative value exceeding 5 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof M P Gupta |url=https://dms.iitd.ac.in/faculity_type/prof-m-p-gupta/}}</ref> Additionally, he has co-authored the book 'Government Online,' as well as two other edited books titled 'Towards E-government' and 'Promise of E-governance.' His research contributions also include over 200 published research papers in both national and international journals and conference proceedings. Prof. M P Gupta has played a pivotal role in overseeing the creation of 14 edited volumes, representing a substantial body of literature on e-governance, through his involvement in the International Conference on E-governance (ICEG) since 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Elets News |date=2007-01-31 |title=‘STANDARDISATION OF GOVERNMENT PROCESSES AND SERVICES MUST BEFORE EMBARKING UPON E-GOV JOURNEY’ |url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2007/02/standardisation-of-government-processes-and-services-must-before-embarking-upon-e-gov-journey/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Elets eGov |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Awards and Honours ==

* Served as Member on the Expert Committee on [[Prasar Bharati]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pitroda_Expert_Committee_on_Prasar_Bharati |url=https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Sam_Pitroda_Expert_Committee_on_Prasar_Bharati_January_2014_-Vol_1_0.pdf}}</ref>
* Humanities & Social Sciences (HSS) Fellowship of the Shastri Indo Canadian Institute, Calgary (Canada) in 1996.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Harish |last2=Singh |first2=Manoj Kumar |last3=Gupta |first3=M. P. |last4=Madaan |first4=Jitendra |date=2020-04-01 |title=Moving towards smart cities: Solutions that lead to the Smart City Transformation Framework |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004016251731394X |journal=Technological Forecasting and Social Change |volume=153 |pages=119281 |doi=10.1016/j.techfore.2018.04.024 |issn=0040-1625}}</ref>
* Best Professor Award at the Singapore World Education Congress.
* Prof Gupta has over 7000 citations and a [[H-index]] of 41.<ref>{{Cite web |title=M.P.Gupta |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=8lZIvxAAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref>

== Books Authored ==

# Government Online:Opportunities And Challenges, 2003 (Published by [[Tata McGraw-Hill|Tata Macgraw-Hill]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Online:Opportunities And Challenges |url=https://www.mheducation.co.in/government-online-opportunities-and-challenges-9780070583238-india |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.mheducation.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
# Digital India: Reflections and Practice (Advances in Theory and Practice of Emerging Markets), Publisher [[Springer Nature|Springer]], 2018<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kar |first=Arpan Kumar |url=https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/Digital_India.html?id=GRlgDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |title=Digital India: Reflections and Practice |last2=Sinha |first2=Shuchi |last3=Gupta |first3=M. P. |date=2018-06-14 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-78378-9 |language=en}}</ref>
# Towards E-Government: Management Challenges, [[Tata McGraw-Hill|Tata Mcgraw-Hill]] Publishing Company Limited, 2004<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=M. P. |url=https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/Towards_E_Government_Management_Challeng.html?id=-m1XPgAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |title=Towards E-Government: Management Challenges |date=2004 |publisher=Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited |isbn=978-0-07-058360-3 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, M. P.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]

Ravi Shankar (academic)

2023-10-03T18:43:35Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with ' Prof Ravi Shankar is currently Professor of operations and supply chain management at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.'

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
'''Ravi Shankar''' is an Indian academic who is professor of operations and [[supply chain management]] at [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]. He is Fellow of [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (FNAE). His research citations exceed 37,000 with an H-index of 82 as of September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Ravi Shankar |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=ZYdOgEEAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
* On March 20, 2018, the Education Minister of India bestowed upon Shankar an "Outstanding Faculty Award" in the domain of Business, Management, and Accounting. This recognition was awarded for his exceptional contributions during the period spanning 2015 to 2017, further highlighting his significant impact in the field.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof Ravi Shankar |url=https://web.iitd.ac.in/~ravi1/}}</ref>
* Shankar appeared in the 2022 list of [[Elsevier|Elsevier's]] Top 2% list Indian Productive Researchers in the business and management category on a single year basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AK |date=2022-10-11 |title=Indian Business and Management researchers in the Top 2% List |url=https://tech-talk.org/2022/10/11/indian-business-and-management-researchers-in-the-top-2-list/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Tech Talk |language=en}}</ref>
* The 2nd Edition of Research.com (November 2022) ranked Shankar as the best (1st) scientist (researcher) in India and 101st best globally in the arena of Business and Management based on the basis of data consolidated from various data sources including OpenAlex and CrossRef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Business and Management Scientists in India |url=https://research.com/scientists-rankings/business-and-management/in}}</ref>
* Shankar serves as [[Editor-in-chief|Editor-in-Chief]] of Journal of Advances in Management Research published by [[Emerald Publishing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the editors of... Journal of Advances in Management Research {{!}} Emerald Publishing |url=https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/archived/authors/interviews/jamr.htm |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Shankar is the [[Amar Gupta]] [[Chair (professorship)|Chair Professor]] of Decision Science.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Dr Ravi Shankar |url=https://dms.iitd.ac.in/areawise_faculity/prof-ravi-shankar/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Shibani |date=2011 |title=The National Environment Assessment and Monitoring Agency: A Step Forward? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23047324 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=46 |issue=38 |pages=12–16 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> His teaching and research focus primarily on the domain of Operations & Supply Chain Management and Decision Sciences.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lahane |first=Swapnil |last2=Kant |first2=Ravi |last3=Shankar |first3=Ravi |last4=Patil |first4=Sachin K. |date=2023-02-23 |title=Circular supply chain implementation performance measurement framework: a comparative case analysis |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09537287.2023.2180684 |journal=Production Planning & Control |language=en |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1080/09537287.2023.2180684 |issn=0953-7287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Experts |url=https://www.bharatdigicom.in/experts/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Ravi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]

Chennai Super Kings

2023-10-03T01:20:40Z

Australianartandculture:

{{short description|Cricket franchise}}
{{redirect|Super Kings|the South African cricket team|Joburg Super Kings|the American cricket team|Texas Super Kings}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}

{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Chennai Super Kings
| native_name =
| image = Chennai Super Kings Logo.svg
| alt = Chennai Super Kings logo
| nickname =
| league = [[Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[MS Dhoni]]
| coach = [[Stephen Fleming]]
| city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| colours =
| manager = Russell Radhakrishnan
| title1 = [[Indian Premier League]]
| title1wins = 5 ([[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]], [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]], [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]], [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]], [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]])
| title2 = [[Champions League Twenty20]]
| title2wins = 2 ([[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]], [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]])
| owner = [[N. Srinivasan]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2008}}
| ground = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| capacity = 50,000
| website = [https://www.chennaisuperkings.com/ chennaisuperkings.com]
| t_pattern_la = _yellowborder
| t_pattern_b = _csk22
| t_pattern_ra = _yellowborder
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = FFE019
| t_body = FFF100
| t_rightarm = FFE019
| t_pants = FFF100
| t_title = T20 kit
| current = [[Chennai Super Kings in 2023]]
}}
{{Season sidebar
|title = Seasons
|list =
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2008|2008]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2009|2009]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2010|2010]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2011|2011]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2012|2012]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2013|2013]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2014|2014]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2015|2015]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2018|2018]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2019|2019]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2020|2020]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2021|2021]]
* [[Chennai Super Kings in 2022|2022]]
* ''[[Chennai Super Kings in 2023|2023]]''
}}
'''Chennai Super Kings''' ('''CSK''') is a professional [[Cricket|cricket franchise]] based in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], that competes in the [[Indian Premier League]]. Founded in 2008, the team plays its home matches at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in Chennai. The team is owned by [[India Cements]] through its Chennai Super Kings Cricket Limited holding company. They have won a record five IPL titles (shared with [[Mumbai Indians]]), appeared in a record 10 finals and have qualified for the playoff stages 12 times out of the 14 seasons they have played, more than any other team.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2020-playoffs-race-chennai-super-kings-csk-dhoni-possible-last-four-scenarios/article32939811.ece |title= IPL 2020 playoffs race: Dhoni's Chennai Super Kings out of playoff race for the first time |date= 25 October 2020 |publisher= Sportstar |access-date= 27 October 2020 |archive-date= 29 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201029183627/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2020-playoffs-race-chennai-super-kings-csk-dhoni-possible-last-four-scenarios/article32939811.ece |url-status= live }}</ref> The team has been captained by [[MS Dhoni]] since inception and is currently coached by [[Stephen Fleming]]. In January 2022, CSK became India's first [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn]] sports enterprise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chennai Super Kings Becomes India's First Unicorn Sports Enterprise; Surpasses Market Cap of Parent Entity|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/chennai-super-kings-becomes-indias-first-unicorn-sports-enterprise-surpasses-market-cap-of-parent-entity-4714547.html|access-date=31 January 2022|website=www.news18.com|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131010333/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/chennai-super-kings-becomes-indias-first-unicorn-sports-enterprise-surpasses-market-cap-of-parent-entity-4714547.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The team was suspended for two years from the IPL starting July 2015 due to the involvement of its owners in the [[2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|2013 IPL betting case]],<ref name="Suspend">{{cite news |date=14 July 2015 |title=CSK, RR owners suspended for two years |publisher=ESPNCricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/csk-rr-owners-suspended-for-two-years-898461 |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084432/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/csk-rr-owners-suspended-for-two-years-898461 |url-status=live }}</ref> and won the title in its comeback season of [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]]. In addition, they have also won the [[Champions League Twenty20]] in [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]] and [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]]. They are amongst the most valuable IPL franchises with a valuation of roughly $1.15 billion as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ozanian |first=Mike |title=Indian Premier League Valuations: Cricket Now Has A Place Among World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/04/26/indian-premier-league-valuations-cricket-now-has-a-place-among-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507153431/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/04/26/indian-premier-league-valuations-cricket-now-has-a-place-among-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
In September 2007, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a [[Twenty20]] competition to be started in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Franchises for board's new Twenty20 league |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/franchises-for-board-s-new-twenty20-league-310819 |access-date=6 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513165421/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/franchises-for-board-s-new-twenty20-league-310819 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises. The Chennai franchise was sold to the [[India Cements]] for $91 million, making it the fourth most expensive team in the league behind [[Mumbai Indians|Mumbai]], [[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Bangalore]] and [[Deccan Chargers|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193 |access-date=6 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418005531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193 |url-status=live }}</ref> India Cements acquired the rights to the franchise for 10 years. Former [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] Chairman [[N. Srinivasan]] was the de facto owner of the Chennai Super Kings, by means of his position as the vice-chairman and managing director of India Cements Ltd. The franchisee was transferred to a separate entity named Chennai Super Kings Cricket Ltd., after the [[Supreme Court of India]] struck down the controversial amendment to the BCCI constitution's clause 6.2.4 that allowed board officials to have a commercial interest in the IPL and the Champions League Twenty20 on 22 January 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supreme Court struck down controversial amendment |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-cements-shareholders-to-get-csk-shares-829981 |access-date=14 February 2015 |publisher=Espncricinfo |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117063449/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-cements-shareholders-to-get-csk-shares-829981 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2008–2009: First seasons ===
{{Main|Chennai Super Kings in 2008|Chennai Super Kings in 2009|l2=2009}}
[[File:IPL T20 Chennai vs Kolkata.JPG|thumb |250px|right|Chennai Super Kings playing the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in the [[2008 Indian Premier League]].]]

During the first [[2008 Indian Premier League#Player auctions|player auctions]] for the [[2008 Indian Premier League|inaugural IPL season]] conducted in January 2008, the Chennai franchise bought a number of contemporary star cricketers such as [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Matthew Hayden]], [[Stephen Fleming]], [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] and [[Michael Hussey]].<ref>{{cite web |title= IPL Auction: Players' worth |url= http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2008/feb/20table.htm |work= rediff.com |access-date= 4 June 2013 |archive-date= 29 March 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329115308/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2008/feb/20table.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> Dhoni became the costliest player of the auction, as the Chennai franchise bought him for $1.5 million.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sify.com/sports/Sanjeev-snapped-up-for-1-5-million-dollars-at-ipl-auction-news-cricket-jegmHrgeibh.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140430080642/http://www.sify.com/sports/Sanjeev-snapped-up-for-1-5-million-dollars-at-ipl-auction-news-cricket-jegmHrgeibh.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 30 April 2014 |title= Dhoni snapped up for 1.5 million dollars at IPL auction|work=Sify}}</ref> The franchise named Dhoni as the captain of the team and appointed [[Kepler Wessels]] as the head coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kepler Wessels to coach Chennai Super Kings |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kepler-wessels-to-coach-chennai-super-kings-339856 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084941/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kepler-wessels-to-coach-chennai-super-kings-339856 |url-status=live }}</ref> They played their first game on 19 April 2008 against [[Kings XI Punjab]] at Mohali. The Super Kings won the game by 33 runs after posting 240/5 in 20 overs, which was the highest total of the tournament, a record surpassed by themselves in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2007/08 Kings XI Punjab v Chennai Super Kings|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335983.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=20 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320064406/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335983.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Super Kings ended the league stage with eight wins from 14 games and finished third on the points table.<ref>{{cite web |title= Indian Premier League, 2007/08 / Points table |url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/series/313494.html?view=pointstable |publisher= ESPNcricinfo |access-date= 4 June 2013 |archive-date= 27 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120627065532/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/series/313494.html?view=pointstable |url-status= live }}</ref> They beat the Kings XI Punjab by 9 wickets in the semifinal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspired Chennai send Punjab packing |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/chennai-super-kings-vs-kings-xi-punjab-2nd-semi-final-336039/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724013532/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/chennai-super-kings-vs-kings-xi-punjab-2nd-semi-final-336039/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings faced the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the final of the IPL at Mumbai. Batting first, the Super Kings scored 163/5 in 20 overs and lost the game by 3 wickets off the final delivery of the match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan champions after cliffhanger |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/chennai-super-kings-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-336040/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016150405/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/chennai-super-kings-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-336040/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> They also earned a spot in the [[2008 Champions League Twenty20|inaugural Champions League Twenty20]] along with Rajasthan, but the tournament was canceled due to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] and the Super Kings, along with Rajasthan, received $5 million each as compensation.<ref>{{cite web |title=BCCI sanctions $5 million for IPL teams in 2008 Champions League |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-sanctions-5-million-for-ipl-teams-in-2008-champions-league-419945 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085605/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-sanctions-5-million-for-ipl-teams-in-2008-champions-league-419945 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fleming, who had decided to retire from all forms of the game after the first season of the IPL, took over as the [[Coach (sport)|coach]] of the Super Kings team from Wessels for the next season which was to be held in South Africa.

For the [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009 season]], the Super Kings bought English all-rounder [[Andrew Flintoff]] for $1.55 million at the [[List of 2009 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Auction|auction]] making him the highest-paid IPL cricketer along with English teammate [[Kevin Pietersen]] who was bought for the same amount by [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flintoff and Pietersen most expensive buys |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/flintoff-and-pietersen-most-expensive-buys-389466 |access-date=8 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426015009/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/flintoff-and-pietersen-most-expensive-buys-389466 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Flintoff played only 3 matches for them before suffering a knee injury that ruled him out of the season. The Super Kings were also without the services of Hussey who had decided to skip the IPL season to focus on [[The Ashes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Worn down Hussey won't play in IPL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/worn-down-hussey-won-t-play-in-ipl-397941 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515105759/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/worn-down-hussey-won-t-play-in-ipl-397941 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings finished with 17 points from 14 matches and earned a second place at the league table.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/series/374163.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714065506/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/series/374163.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> However, at the semi-finals, their hopes of entering the final for a second time were crushed by the Royal Challengers who beat them by 6 wickets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Efficient Bangalore outplay Chennai | Royal Challengers Bangalore v Chennai Super Kings, IPL semi-final Report | Cricket News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-2nd-semi-final-392238/match-report |access-date=21 April 2012 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302134614/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-2nd-semi-final-392238/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings opener Matthew Hayden, who scored 572 runs in 12 innings with 5 half-centuries at an average of 52 and strike-rate of 145, won the Orange Cap for the leading run-scorer of the season<ref name="espn2">{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Most runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4801;type=tournament|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510061019/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4801%3Btype%3Dtournament|archive-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> and was also adjudged Player of the Tournament.

=== 2010: IPL and CLT20 double ===
{{Main|Chennai Super Kings in 2010|}}
In [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]], the Super Kings struggled in the first half of the regular season, winning only two matches out of seven. They won four of their next five games in the season mainly due to the efforts of [[Murali Vijay]] and [[Suresh Raina]]. After a defeat at home to the [[Delhi Daredevils]], the Super Kings were left with a must-win match against [[Kings XI Punjab]] at [[Dharamshala]]. The Super Kings won the match by six wickets as they chased down the target of 193 with two balls to spare with skipper Dhoni scoring an unbeaten 54 from 29 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/45664801.html |title=Dhoni blasts Chennai to semi-finals | Punjab v Chennai, IPL 2010, Dharamsala Report | Cricket News |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> Thus, with seven wins from 14 matches, Chennai finished with the same number of points as three other teams with two semi-final spots at stake. Chennai got the third place as they had the better [[net run rate]] of the four teams which finished on 14 points.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2009/10 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/series/418064.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=11 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511115753/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/series/418064.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> In the semifinal, the Super Kings scored a modest 142/7 in 20 overs against the defending champions [[Deccan Chargers]]. But an inspired bowling spell from [[Doug Bollinger]] (4/13 in four overs) did the most damage as the Chargers were bowled out for 104. This gave the Super Kings a 38-run victory that took them to the final.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollinger charges Chennai into final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/chennai-super-kings-vs-deccan-chargers-2nd-semi-final-419163/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123194243/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/chennai-super-kings-vs-deccan-chargers-2nd-semi-final-419163/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings faced the tournament favourites [[Mumbai Indians]] at their home ground in the final.<ref>{{cite web |title=All-round strength gives Mumbai the edge |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/all-round-strength-gives-mumbai-the-edge-457119 |access-date=5 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213093012/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/all-round-strength-gives-mumbai-the-edge-457119 |url-status=live }}</ref> Suresh Raina's 57 (35) helped the Super Kings recover from 68/3 after 12 overs to put up 168/5 at the end of their 20 overs. Then, their spin duo of [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] and Muralitharan conceded only 41 runs in the 8 overs bowled between them to help the Super Kings won the game by 22 runs and secure their first ever IPL title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raina, Dhoni star in Chennai triumph |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226065304/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> With this, the Super Kings also qualified for the [[2010 Champions League Twenty20]] that was held in South Africa.

At the Champions League, the Super Kings were placed in Group A along with champions of Twenty20 competitions from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and Sri Lanka. The Super Kings topped the Group table with three wins and a [[Super Over]] defeat to the [[Victorian Bushrangers]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, 2010/11 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/t20champions2010/engine/series/456281.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 June 2013|archive-date=8 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008231501/http://www.espncricinfo.com/t20champions2010/engine/series/456281.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> In the semi-final at Durban, the Super Kings comprehensively defeated IPL rivals Royal Challengers Bangalore by 52 runs. Raina won the Man of the Match for his unbeaten 94 off 48 balls.<ref>{{cite web |title=CLT20: Ruthless Raina takes Chennai to final | Bangalore v Chennai, CLT20, 1st semi-final, Durban Report | Cricket News | ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-semi-final-465139/match-report |access-date=21 April 2012 |publisher=Cricinfo.com |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505162040/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-semi-final-465139/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings played their first CLT20 final at [[Johannesburg]] where they beat the [[Chevrolet Warriors]] by 8 wickets, becoming the first IPL team to win the [[CLT20]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Warriors v Chennai: Dominant Chennai seal title | Warriors v Chennai, CLT20 2010, Johannesburg Report | Cricket News | ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/match-report |access-date=21 April 2012 |publisher=Cricinfo.com |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213093451/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Murali Vijay]] won not only the Man of the Match in the final for his 58 but also the Golden Bat for scoring the most runs in the tournament and Ashwin, who was the leading wicket-taker, was adjudged the Player of the Series. At the end of the season, Matthew Hayden decided to retire from the IPL.

=== 2011–2015: Success and suspension ===
{{Main|Chennai Super Kings in 2011|Chennai Super Kings in 2012|Chennai Super Kings in 2013|Chennai Super Kings in 2014|Chennai Super Kings in 2015|l2=2012|l3=2013|l4=2014|l5=2015}}
[[File:Suresh Raina1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Suresh Raina]] is the leading run-scorer for the Super Kings.]]
In [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]], as two new teams were added to the IPL, the IPL Governing Council declared that each franchise could retain a maximum of four players of their squad, only three of whom can be Indian players, and the rest of the international players would be put in the mega-auction. The Chennai franchise, keen to have the same set of core players, retained captain MS Dhoni, vice-captain Suresh Raina, Murali Vijay and all-rounder [[Albie Morkel]] for a total of $4.5 million. The retention left them with the power of spending only $4.5 million at the mega-auction. At the [[2011 IPL Auction|auction]], they bought back some of their star players of previous seasons such as Hussey, Ashwin, Bollinger and [[Subramaniam Badrinath]]. In the [[2011 IPL]], they lost three of their first five games which placed them at the bottom of the ten-team points table.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/series/466304.html?date=24+Apr+|title=Results - Indian Premier League - ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2013|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924212342/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/series/466304.html?date=24+Apr+|url-status=live}}</ref> But then, they went on to win seven of their next eight games to finish second and register a spot in the knockout stages. They faced the top-ranked team Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Qualifying final which they won by 6 wickets thanks to an unbeaten 73 from Suresh Raina.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raina stuns Bangalore to power Chennai into final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-qualifying-final-501268/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125053850/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-qualifying-final-501268/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> In the final, they faced the same opponents again, which was held at their home ground [[Chepauk]]. Vijay and Hussey put on a 133-run first-wicket partnership that helped the Super Kings to post a total of 205/5. Their bowlers, then, restricted Bangalore to only 147 to take the Super Kings to the second consecutive title in the IPL. Vijay was awarded Man of the Match for his match-winning innings of 95.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay stars in Chennai's successful title defence |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-final-501271/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418220556/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-final-501271/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> CSK also won all their home games that season becoming the first team in IPL to achieve the feat. However at the [[2011 Champions League Twenty20|Champions League]] later that year, they won only one out of their four group matches and finished at the bottom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia Champions League T20, 2011/12 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2011/engine/series/519661.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102919/http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2011/engine/series/519661.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]], the franchise signed up Indian all-rounder [[Ravindra Jadeja]] for $2 million at the [[List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Auction|players' auction]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Millions for Jadeja, Jayawardene and Vinay |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2012-auction-millions-for-ravindra-jadeja-mahela-jayawardene-and-vinay-kumar-552094 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127003156/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2012-auction-millions-for-ravindra-jadeja-mahela-jayawardene-and-vinay-kumar-552094 |url-status=live }}</ref> They got off to a rather slow start in the regular season, winning only five of their first 12 games which put them in doubt of qualifying for the Playoffs. Then they won three of their last four matches and qualified for the Playoffs with a better net run rate than the Royal Challengers who also finished with the same number of points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/series/520932.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – Indian Premier League – ESPN Cricinfo|work=Cricinfo|access-date=3 May 2013|archive-date=10 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110123040/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/series/520932.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Eliminator, they beat the Mumbai Indians by 38 runs before comprehensively beating the table-toppers [[Delhi Daredevils]] in the Qualifying final by 86 runs. Murali Vijay, who struck his second IPL hundred (113 off 58 balls), won the Man of the Match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay century overpowers Delhi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-delhi-daredevils-2nd-qualifying-match-548380/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213094044/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-delhi-daredevils-2nd-qualifying-match-548380/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> At the final, the Super Kings were defeated by 5 wickets by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] who chased down the target of 191 with two balls to spare, thus denying the Super Kings a hat-trick of titles in the IPL.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolkata take title after Bisla blitz |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-548381/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304102147/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-548381/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[2012 Champions League Twenty20|Champions League]], once again they could not progress past the group stage with two wins and two defeats.<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, 2012/13 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2012/engine/series/566250.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014232306/http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2012/engine/series/566250.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]], the Super Kings strengthened their bowling attack by signing up five overseas and five Indian bowlers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chennai Super Kings sign five uncapped bowlers |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chennai-super-kings-sign-five-uncapped-bowlers-603502 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017080132/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chennai-super-kings-sign-five-uncapped-bowlers-603502 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the IPL season, they finished first in the points table with 11 wins from 16 matches and qualified for the Playoffs and [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|2013 CLT20]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2013 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/series/586733.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=10 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610031244/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/series/586733.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> This was the first time in six seasons that the Super Kings had topped the league table of the IPL. During the season, they also equaled Royal Challengers Bangalore's 2011 record for most wins in succession in the IPL (7 wins on trot).<ref>{{cite web |title=Raina ton makes it seven in seven for Chennai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-kings-xi-punjab-45th-match-598041/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213095144/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-kings-xi-punjab-45th-match-598041/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first Qualifier at [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Delhi]] against Mumbai Indians, the Super Kings posted 192/1 in 20 overs riding on unbeaten half-centuries from Hussey (86* off 58 balls) and Raina (82* off 42 balls) before bowling out their opponents for 144.<ref>{{cite web |title=CSK crush Mumbai to reach fifth final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-qualifier-1-598070/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213095312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-qualifier-1-598070/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Thus they entered the final of the IPL for the fourth time in succession where they would play the same opponents, Mumbai Indians, at [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]]. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 148/9 in their 20 overs. In reply, the Super Kings were reduced to 39/6 at one stage before an unbeaten half-century from skipper Dhoni took them close to the target. However, the Mumbai Indians won the match by 23 runs to win their first ever IPL title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aggressive Mumbai end title drought |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-final-598073/match-report |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213095445/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-final-598073/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings' opening batsman, Michael Hussey, who scored 733 runs that season at an average of 52, won the Orange Cap for the most runs in the season, while all-rounder [[Dwayne Bravo]] won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets (32).<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League — Final Chennai Super Kings v Mumbai Indians|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598073.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=8 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608041319/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598073.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary|url-status=live}}</ref> The Super Kings gained direct qualification for the [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|2013 CLT20]] which was held in India in September–October. They were placed in Group B alongside [[Brisbane Heat]], [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago cricket team|Trinidad & Tobago]]. They won their first three games before losing the final group match against Trinidad & Tobago. With 12 points from four matches,<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, 2013/14 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/629521.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=5 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405024201/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/629521.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> the Super Kings progressed to the semifinals where they suffered a 14-run defeat at the hands of the Rajasthan Royals at Jaipur.<ref>{{cite web|title=1st Semi-Final: Rajasthan Royals v Chennai Super Kings at Jaipur, Oct 4, 2013|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654381.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318042000/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654381.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014]], before the players' mega-auction, Chennai [[List of 2014 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Retained players|retained]] Dhoni, Raina, Jadeja, Ashwin and Bravo. The retention left them with a purse of {{INR}}21 crores to spend at the auction. At the auction, the franchise bought the likes of [[Brendon McCullum]], [[Dwayne Smith]], [[Faf du Plessis]], [[Ashish Nehra]], [[Mohit Sharma]] among others. The first phase of the IPL season, as it coincided with the general elections, was held in [[UAE]]. The second phase returned to India, but the Super Kings' home matches were shifted from Chennai, due to "a deadlock between stadium authorities and the state administration", to [[JSCA International Stadium Complex|JSCA International Stadium]] in Ranchi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Super Kings Set to Play All 'Home' Indian Premier League Matches in Ranchi|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/224026-chennai-super-kings-set-to-play-all-home-indian-premier-league-matches-in-ranchi|publisher=NDTV|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072900/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/224026-chennai-super-kings-set-to-play-all-home-indian-premier-league-matches-in-ranchi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ranchi to host Chennai Super Kings' remaining home matches|date=10 May 2014|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/ipl-7/ranchi-to-host-chennai-super-kings-remaining-home-matches_786967.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903071733/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/ipl-7/ranchi-to-host-chennai-super-kings-remaining-home-matches_786967.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Super Kings started the season with a defeat in the opening match, after which they went on to win eight of their next nine matches to take the first spot in the points table. However, they suffered a loss of form towards the end of the regular season which resulted in three consecutive defeats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Warner keeps Sunrisers in the race |date=22 May 2014 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-indian-premier-league-2014-695871/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-50th-match-734029/match-report |access-date=16 September 2014 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017110747/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-indian-premier-league-2014-695871/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-50th-match-734029/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> They won their last league fixture and finished third in the points table and qualified for the Eliminator against the fourth-placed Mumbai Indians. They won the Eliminator at Mumbai by 7 wickets and qualified for the Qualifier. At the Qualifier against Kings XI Punjab, the Super Kings won the toss and elected to field. Punjab went on to score 226/6 in their 20 overs. The Super Kings, in reply, could manage only 202/7 despite a 25-ball 87 from Raina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifier 2: Chennai Super Kings v Kings XI Punjab at Mumbai, May 30, 2014|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734047.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=21 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921021323/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734047.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They crashed out of the IPL, but, on account of finishing third, qualified for the main event of the [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014 CLT20]]. In the group stage of the CLT20, the Super Kings won two matches, lost one while another match was a no result. Thus with 10 points they finished second in the group table<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, 2014/15 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/series/763543.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511105732/http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/series/763543.html?view=pointstable|url-status=live}}</ref> and qualified for the semifinal where they met the unbeaten team of the other group, Kings XI Punjab. After being put in to bat, the Super Kings posted 182/7 in 20 overs thanks to Bravo who scored a 39-ball 67. Then their bowlers reduced Punjab to 34/6 in the eighth over, before eventually bowling them out for 117.<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, 2nd Semi-Final: Kings XI Punjab v Chennai Super Kings at Hyderabad (Deccan), Oct 2, 2014|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/match/763631.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411012355/http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/match/763631.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the final in [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]], the Super Kings faced the IPL champions Kolkata Knight Riders who set them a target of 181 in 20 overs. Raina guided the run-chase with an unbeaten 109 off 62 balls, helping the team to an eight-wicket win and their second CLT20 title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raina century leads CSK to title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-763633/match-report |access-date=16 April 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813232423/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-763633/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Super Kings spinner [[Pawan Negi]] who took 5/22 during Kolkata's innings won the Man of the Match, and Raina, who finished as the highest run-getter of the tournament, was awarded Man of the Tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20, Final: Chennai Super Kings v Kolkata Knight Riders at Bangalore, Oct 4, 2014|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/match/763633.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=10 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510065346/http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/engine/match/763633.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, before the players' auction, Chennai Super Kings gave away [[Ben Hilfenhaus]], [[John Hastings (cricketer)|John Hastings]], [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]] and [[David Hussey]]. At the auction they bought back [[Michael Hussey]] for a price of ₹1.5 crores. They also bought [[Kyle Abbott (cricketer)|Kyle Abbott]], [[Irfan Pathan]], [[Andrew Tye]], [[Eklavya Dwivedi]], [[Ankush Bains]], [[Pratyush Singh]] and [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]]. In the final, they lost against Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jayaraman |first1=Subash |title=IPL 8: Chennai Super Kings lost another final because they are stuck in the past |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ipl-8-final-chennai-super-kings-lost-because-they-are-stuck-in-the-past-2260782.html |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=Firstpost |date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614174926/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ipl-8-final-chennai-super-kings-lost-because-they-are-stuck-in-the-past-2260782.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–present ===

[[File:IPL 2018 - CSK vs KXIP.jpg|thumb |250px|right|Chennai Super Kings playing the [[Kings XI Punjab]] in the [[2018 Indian Premier League]] at the MCA Stadium in Pune, Maharashtra.]]

==== 2018 ====
Ahead of the players mega auction, Chennai Super Kings retained [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Suresh Raina]] & [[Ravindra Jadeja]]. Additionally, [[Faf du Plessis]] and [[Dwayne Bravo]] were brought back into the side using RTM. The return of the Super Kings to the IPL was the cause of a large amount of celebration and fanfare amongst the fans, with a crowd of more than 10,000 turning up for the practice sessions held at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in Chennai before the start of the tournament.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSK attract 10,000 fans for practice match at Chepauk; watch video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/csks-sam-billings-amazed-by-10000-people-at-practice-session-5121584/ |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=5 April 2018 |language=en |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613034252/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/csks-sam-billings-amazed-by-10000-people-at-practice-session-5121584/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chennai's campaign started off with a thrilling one wicket win over the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the first match of the season thanks to an unbeaten 68 off 30 balls from Dwayne Bravo.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSK vs MI: Chennai Super Kings beat Mumbai Indians by one wicket in a thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2018-chennai-super-kings-beat-mumbai-indians-by-one-wicket-in-a-thriller/articleshow/63660553.cms |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=8 April 2018 |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422220617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2018-chennai-super-kings-beat-mumbai-indians-by-one-wicket-in-a-thriller/articleshow/63660553.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Playing their first home game in Chennai, the Kings successfully managed to chase down a target of 202 set by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]], aided by a quickfire half-century by [[Sam Billings]]. The team then went on to lose to [[Kings XI Punjab]] in Mohali but bounced back by winning three matches in a row against the [[Rajasthan Royals]], [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] and [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. The Super Kings' next eight matches resulted in them alternating between victories and defeats by winning against the [[Delhi Daredevils]], Royal Challengers Bangalore, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Kings XI Punjab and losing against the Mumbai Indians, Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Daredevils and the Kolkata Knight Riders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/results/series/IPL-2018.html|title=IPL 2018 Match Results|work=Firstpost|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614172658/https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/results/series/IPL-2018.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The league stage ended with the Super Kings in second place behind the Sunrisers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2018/points-table|title=IPL 2018 Points Table|work=NDTV|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033557/https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2018/points-table|url-status=live}}</ref> Chennai then went on to post back-to-back victories against the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the first qualifier and in the final to win the [[Indian Premier League]] for the third time since the inception of the tournament. Star all-rounder Shane Watson was judged Man of the Match for his 117* from 57 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136617/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-qualifier-1-indian-premier-league-2018/|title=CSK vs SRH, Qualifier 1, Scorecard|work=Cricinfo|access-date=30 May 2018|archive-date=30 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530072107/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136617/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-qualifier-1-indian-premier-league-2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-indian-premier-league-2018|title=CSK vs SRH, Final, Scorecard|work=Cricinfo|date=27 May 2018|access-date=30 May 2018|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029092150/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-indian-premier-league-2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Three of the five centuries scored in the 2018 season were by players belonging to the Chennai Super Kings ([[Ambati Rayudu]] 100* and [[Shane Watson]] 106, 117*). The Super Kings also became the first team to defeat an opposing team ([[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]) four times in a single season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2018-final-live-streaming-chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-where-to-follow-csk-vs-srh-live/story-rxbrTJCeIIMvssUVlh5SrN.html|title=IPL 2018Final, Live Streaming|work=Hindustan Times|date=26 May 2018|access-date=30 May 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529221921/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2018-final-live-streaming-chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-where-to-follow-csk-vs-srh-live/story-rxbrTJCeIIMvssUVlh5SrN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2019 ====
In [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]], the Super Kings was the first team to qualify for the Playoffs. They entered the final of the IPL for the eighth time in the league. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 149/8 in their 20 overs. In reply, the Super Kings were able to make just one short of Mumbai's total 148/7 and lost the title. Super Kings' star bowler of the season [[Imran Tahir]], who took 26 wickets, won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1181768/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-indian-premier-league-2019|title=2019 IPL Final, Mumbai Indians beat Chennai Super Kings by 1 run|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=14 May 2019|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514092513/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1181768/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-indian-premier-league-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2020 ====
Before the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]] of the IPL, CSK roped in [[Sam Curran]] (₹5.5 crore), [[Josh Hazlewood]] (₹2 crore), [[Piyush Chawla]] (₹6.75 crore) and R. Sai Kishore (₹20 lakh).<ref>{{cite news |title= CSK Players 2020: Complete list of Chennai Super Kings players for IPL 2020 |url= https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/csk-players-2020-complete-list-of-chennai-super-kings-players-for-ipl-2020/amp_articleshow/72890745.cms |newspaper= Times of India |date= 20 December 2019 |access-date= 26 December 2019 |archive-date= 25 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191225012221/https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/csk-players-2020-complete-list-of-chennai-super-kings-players-for-ipl-2020/amp_articleshow/72890745.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> But due to the [[COVID-19]] pandemic, the IPL was postponed and shifted to the UAE. CSK faced some early setbacks before the start of the season after cricketers [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] and [[Deepak Chahar]] tested positive for the coronavirus. CSK's star batsman and vice-captain [[Suresh Raina]] and spinner [[Harbhajan Singh]] pulled out of the IPL citing personal reasons.<ref>{{cite web |title= COVID-19 in IPL 2020: CSK with 13 positives, RR with a recovery, Raina returns home |date= 31 August 2020 |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/covid-19-csk-suresh-raina-6575152/ |publisher= Imdian Express |access-date= 31 August 2020 |archive-date= 31 August 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200831023049/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/covid-19-csk-suresh-raina-6575152/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

Despite the setbacks, CSK started the season off on a high by convincingly beating the defending champions [[Mumbai Indians]] in the inaugural game.<ref>{{cite web |title= CSK vs MI, 1st match, IPL 2021 |url= http://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/30330/mi-vs-csk-1st-match-indian-premier-league-2020 |publisher= Cricbuzz |access-date= 19 September 2020 |archive-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201003091340/https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/30330/mi-vs-csk-1st-match-indian-premier-league-2020 |url-status= live }}</ref> But it was all downhill from here. CSK lost their next three games to the [[Rajasthan Royals]], [[Delhi Capitals]], and the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]. This was followed by an out-of-the-blue 10-wicket win over the [[Kings XI Punjab]]. The team then lost their next two matches to the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] and the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. CSK captain [[MS Dhoni]] drew a lot of criticism from the fans and supporters over his form and team selection after his comments on the team's youngsters lacking the "spark" to be backed by the management.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dhoni slammed for lack of "spark" comment on CSK youngsters |url= https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2020/10/20/dhoni-slammed-for-lack-of-spark-comment-on-csk-youngsters.html |publisher= The week |access-date= 20 October 2020 |archive-date= 21 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201021071359/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2020/10/20/dhoni-slammed-for-lack-of-spark-comment-on-csk-youngsters.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

CSK were at the bottom of the table for most of the season and their play-offs hopes were crushed after facing a humiliating 10 wickets defeat against the Mumbai Indians.

CSK ended their campaign on a high note by winning their last three games against KKR, RCB, and KXIP, thanks to a hat-trick of fifties by youngster Ruturaj Gaikwad. He also became the first-ever CSK cricketer to score three consecutive fifties in the team's history. CSK finished 7th overall in the points table and failed to make the playoffs for the very first time.

CSK released many of their bad performers from the previous season like [[Piyush Chawla]], [[Kedar Jadhav]], and [[Murali Vijay]] before the player auctions for the [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021 season]] of the IPL.<ref>{{cite web |title= Complete list of released players by CSK |date= 22 January 2021 |url= https://www.insidesport.co/ipl-2021-auction-check-full-list-of-chennai-super-kings-csk-retained-players-salary-released-players-salary-remaining-purse-all-you-need-to-know-about-csk-strategy/ |publisher= Inside sports |access-date= 22 January 2021 |archive-date= 22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122044630/https://www.insidesport.co/ipl-2021-auction-check-full-list-of-chennai-super-kings-csk-retained-players-salary-released-players-salary-remaining-purse-all-you-need-to-know-about-csk-strategy/ |url-status= live }}</ref> [[Shane Watson]] had announced his retirement following the conclusion of CSK's campaign.

==== 2021 ====
During the 2021 auctions, CSK picked up Test specialist [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] for the base price of Rs 50 lakh while spending a whopping Rs 9.25 crore on [[Krishnappa Gowtham]], making the spinner the most expensive uncapped Indian buy ever. They also bought English all-rounder [[Moeen Ali]] for Rs 7 crore. Along with the three, CSK brought some uncapped Indian talents like [[Harishankar Reddy]], [[Bhagath Varma]], and [[Chezhian Harinishanth]] for their base price of Rs 20 lakh each. Rajasthan Royals player [[Robin Uthappa]] was traded to the Super Kings as well.<ref>{{cite news |title= Complete list of new players signed by CSK |url= https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/csk-team-in-ipl-2021-complete-list-of-players-in-chennai-super-kings/amp_articleshow/81094874.cms |newspaper= Times of India |date= 19 February 2021 |access-date= 19 February 2021 |archive-date= 18 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210218205114/https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/csk-team-in-ipl-2021-complete-list-of-players-in-chennai-super-kings/amp_articleshow/81094874.cms |url-status= live }}</ref>

CSK began the first leg of the 2021 season with a loss against [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi capitals]]. After that, they carried a consecutive 5-match winning streak, followed by a defeat against [[Mumbai Indians]]. Following the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rise in COVID-19-positive cases in many team camps, the IPL was suspended midway and postponed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=IPL suspended after more Covid-19 cases|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/56978321|access-date=16 October 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504081254/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/56978321|url-status=live}}</ref>

When the second leg of the IPL resumed in the UAE, CSK carried a consecutive 4-match winning streak and thus, ensured its berth in the playoffs. CSK was the first team to qualify for playoffs in the 2021 season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2021 Playoffs Qualification Scenario: CSK qualifies for playoffs if it beats SRH|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/srh-vs-csk-chennai-super-kings-sunrisers-hyderabad-ipl-2021-playoffs-qualification-scenario-eliminated-ms-dhoni/article36753898.ece|access-date=16 October 2021|website=Sportstar|date=30 September 2021|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016072734/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/srh-vs-csk-chennai-super-kings-sunrisers-hyderabad-ipl-2021-playoffs-qualification-scenario-eliminated-ms-dhoni/article36753898.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> CSK completed the league stage by losing the last 3 matches. Yet, CSK managed to remain within the top 2 places in the points table throughout the season.

In Qualifier 1, CSK beat [[Delhi Capitals]] to storm into finals for the 9th time in their history.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 October 2021|title=DC vs CSK Highlights, IPL 2021 Qualifier 1: Dhoni's cameo takes Chennai to final as CSK beat Delhi by 4 wickets in Dubai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/dc-vs-csk-live-score-ipl-2021-cricket-updates-delhi-capitals-vs-chennai-super-kings-indian-premier-league-playoffs-qualifier-1-match-today-101633860844082.html|access-date=16 October 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015133500/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/dc-vs-csk-live-score-ipl-2021-cricket-updates-delhi-capitals-vs-chennai-super-kings-indian-premier-league-playoffs-qualifier-1-match-today-101633860844082.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the finals, CSK showcased an all-round performance against [[Kolkata Knight Riders|KKR]] to clinch their 4th IPL title.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIVO IPL 2021, Final CSK vs KKR – Match Report|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/247289/vivo-ipl-2021-final-csk-vs-kkr-match-report|access-date=16 October 2021|website=www.iplt20.com|language=en|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019134613/https://www.iplt20.com/news/247289/vivo-ipl-2021-final-csk-vs-kkr-match-report|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2022 ====
In January 2022, CSK became India's first [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn]] sports enterprise.<ref name=":0" /> CSK unveiled their New Jersey for [[IPL 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/ipl-2022-csk-unveil-jersey-ahead-of-upcoming-season-see-pic-and-video-3503205.html|title=IPL 2022: CSK Unveil Jersey Ahead of Upcoming Season (See Pic and Video)|date=23 March 2022|work=LatestLY|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=23 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323141905/https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/ipl-2022-csk-unveil-jersey-ahead-of-upcoming-season-see-pic-and-video-3503205.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 March, two days before the start of the season, CSK announced that [[Ravindra Jadeja]] will captain CSK after [[MS Dhoni]] decided to step down as captain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2022: Ravindra Jadeja to lead CSK after MS Dhoni decides to step down |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-chennai-super-kings-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-csk-after-ms-dhoni-decides-to-step-down-1307102 |access-date=24 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo |date=24 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324092018/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-chennai-super-kings-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-csk-after-ms-dhoni-decides-to-step-down-1307102 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 April, Jadeja decided to give up his captaincy to focus more on his game. MS Dhoni was named the captain again.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MS Dhoni replaces Ravindra Jadeja as Chennai Super Kings captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-csk-news-ms-dhoni-replaces-ravindra-jadeja-as-chennai-super-kings-captain-1312959 |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=ESPNcricinfo |date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430142732/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-csk-news-ms-dhoni-replaces-ravindra-jadeja-as-chennai-super-kings-captain-1312959 |url-status=live }}</ref> Under Jadeja's captaincy, CSK lost 6 out of their first 8 matches.
Following their defeat against the [[Mumbai Indians]], CSK were elimated from the race for the playoffs for only the second time in their IPL history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2022-csk-vs-mi-live-score-updates-7913539/ |title=IPL 2022 CSK vs MI Highlights: Mumbai defeat Chennai by 5 wickets, CSK eliminated |date=13 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512183340/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2022-csk-vs-mi-live-score-updates-7913539/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2023 ====
Finishing 9th in the group stage in the 2022 IPL, CSK was looking forward to the IPL auction 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Points Table {{!}} IPL Standings {{!}} IPL Ranking |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/points-table-standings |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602021327/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/points-table-standings |url-status=live }}</ref> They bagged [[Ben Stokes]] for whopping INR 16.25 crore while [[Kyle Jamieson]] was bought for one crore and test specialist [[Ajinkya Rahane]] for half of that. However, their bowling unit was in lack of experience with the New Zealander [[Adam Milne]] and the Englishman [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] was released from the franchise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=CSK IPL 2023 Players List: Ravindra Jadeja retained as MS Dhoni-led side releases Dwayne Bravo |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/csk-ipl-2023-retained-released-players-list-chennai-super-kings-squad-article-95530797 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012138/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/csk-ipl-2023-retained-released-players-list-chennai-super-kings-squad-article-95530797 |url-status=live }}</ref> The tournament's all-time purple cap holder [[Dwayne Bravo]] retired and re-signed with the team as their bowling coach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bravo retires from IPL, takes over as Chennai Super Kings' bowling coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-csk-news-dwayne-bravo-retires-from-ipl-takes-over-as-chennai-super-kings-bowling-coach-1347818 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413021619/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-csk-news-dwayne-bravo-retires-from-ipl-takes-over-as-chennai-super-kings-bowling-coach-1347818 |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the beginning of the season, CSK faced further difficulties when their main pacer [[Deepak Chahar]] was sidelined for 6 matches and the expensive pick [[Ben Stokes]] had a sore heel and had to rest for almost the entire season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepak Chahar to undergo scans to determine extent of hamstring injury |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-csk-news-deepak-chahar-to-undergo-scans-to-determine-extent-of-hamstring-injury-1367877 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012145/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-csk-news-deepak-chahar-to-undergo-scans-to-determine-extent-of-hamstring-injury-1367877 |url-status=live }}</ref> Their newly brought pacer [[Kyle Jamieson]] was out of the tournament with an injury before even the season began and the South African pacer [[Sisanda Magala]] was brought in as his replacement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023: Blow for CSK as New Zealand all-rounder Kyle Jamieson set to be sidelined for months with back injury |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2023-chennai-super-kings-kyle-jamieson-injury-new-zealand-vs-england-2337028-2023-02-20 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012137/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2023-chennai-super-kings-kyle-jamieson-injury-new-zealand-vs-england-2337028-2023-02-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The team finished the group stage with 17 points and 8 wins under their name and classified for the first qualifier ahead of [[Lucknow Super Giants]] who had the same point score but a lower net run rate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Points table - Men {{!}} IPLT20 |url=https://www.iplt20.com/points-table/men/2023 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=www.iplt20.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012145/https://www.iplt20.com/points-table/men/2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> CSK won the qualifier against the table toppers [[Gujarat Titans]] at home, making it into their 10th IPL finals in 14 seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-05-23 |title=IPL 2023: Chennai Super Kings reaches record-extending 10th final, beats Gujarat Titans by 15 runs in Qualifier 1 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-10th-final-ipl-2023-record-chennai-super-kings-vs-gujarat-titans-qualifier-1/article66886407.ece |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012139/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-10th-final-ipl-2023-record-chennai-super-kings-vs-gujarat-titans-qualifier-1/article66886407.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In the final which was held in [[Ahmedabad]], Chennai Super Kings beat the defending champions [[Gujarat Titans]] by 5 wickets (DLS Method) to win their 5th title.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titans vs Super Kings Scorecard 2023 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-1370353/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529193357/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-1370353/full-scorecard |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-05-29 |title=CSK vs GT: Chennai Super Kings wins IPL 2023 final with Jadeja's last ball four, equals MI with fifth title; Dhoni equals Rohit |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-wins-ipl-2023-final-vs-gt-chennai-super-kings-fifth-title-ms-dhoni-equals-mumbai-indians/article66909605.ece |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529213445/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-wins-ipl-2023-final-vs-gt-chennai-super-kings-fifth-title-ms-dhoni-equals-mumbai-indians/article66909605.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Ambati Rayudu, who was a part of the team since 2018, announced his retirement from IPL before the final match.<ref>{{Cite web |title='A Fairytale Finish, Can Smile for Rest of my Life': Ambati Rayudu After Finishing his IPL Career With 6th Trophy |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/csk-ambati-rayudu-after-finishing-his-ipl-career-with-6th-trophy-7950979.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=www.news18.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012137/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/csk-ambati-rayudu-after-finishing-his-ipl-career-with-6th-trophy-7950979.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Home ground ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;"
|-
|colspan=6|'''Home record of the Super Kings'''
|-
! !! Matches !! Wins !! Losses !! NR !! Success Rate
|-
! In IPL
| 64 || 45 || 19 || 0 || 70.31%
|-
! In CLT20
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 25%
|-
! '''Overall'''
| '''68''' || '''46''' || '''22''' || '''0''' || '''67.65%'''
|}

{{Main|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium}}

The home ground of the Super Kings is the historic [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] (commonly called "The Chepauk") located in Chennai. The stadium is named after former [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] President [[M. A. Chidambaram]]. It is one of the oldest stadiums in India which is in continuous use. The stadium is owned by the [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]] and has a seating capacity of 50,000 as of May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=MA Chidambaram Stadium|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/ground/58008.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=13 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613144603/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/ground/58008.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, the stadium underwent a major renovation for hosting some of the matches of the [[2011 ICC Cricket World Cup]]. The seating capacity was increased from 36,000 to 50,000 and three new stands were established during this renovation.

The Super Kings have a 70.91% win record at this venue, which is often referred to as "Fortress Chepauk"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-13/news/38510570_1_albie-morkel-royal-challengers-bangalore-csk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416051516/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-13/news/38510570_1_albie-morkel-royal-challengers-bangalore-csk|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Bangalore face Chennai challenge at Chepauk}}</ref> and "Lions' den".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cricket/news/Warriors-hope-to-survive-Lions-den/2013/04/15/article1545326.ece|title=Warriors hope to survive Lions' den|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=20 May 2013|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020941/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cricket/news/Warriors-hope-to-survive-Lions-den/2013/04/15/article1545326.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2011 IPL|2011 season]], the Super Kings won all their home games (8 matches) including the final against Royal Challengers Bangalore. The Super Kings thus became the first team to win all their home games in a season and also the first team to win the tournament at home.

In 2014, Chennai Super Kings played all their home matches at [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium|Ranchi]] due to issues with [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |others=PTI |date=2014-05-09 |title=CSK's home matches likely to be shifted out of Chennai |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/csks-home-matches-likely-to-be-shifted-out-of-chennai/article5993602.ece |access-date=2022-04-05 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163153/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/csks-home-matches-likely-to-be-shifted-out-of-chennai/article5993602.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazumdar |first=Shubham |title=IPL 2014: Chennai Super Kings' home matches shifted to Ranchi |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-home-matches-shifted-ranchi |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |date=10 May 2014 |language=en-us |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163153/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-home-matches-shifted-ranchi |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018, Chennai Super Kings managed to play only a solitary home game, against [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR), in Chennai due to members of a few fringe political parties staging protests outside the stadium as well as several parts of the city, demanding that IPL matches to be moved out of the city until the Cauvery Management Board (CMB) was set up as directed by the Supreme Court of India. Despite tight security for the match against KKR, the Chennai police expressed their inability to ensure sufficient personnel at the venue for the smooth conduct of the remaining games. The remaining six home matches of Chennai Super Kings were moved to the [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]] in Pune.

{{wide image|The new and old stands at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium.jpg|750px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in 2012.}}

== Players ==
{{Main|List of Chennai Super Kings cricketers}}
[[File:MS Dhoni in 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] is the first Indian captain to win the IPL.]]
[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], who was the captain of the Indian limited-overs team in 2008, was bought by the Super Kings for $1.5 million at the 2008 players' auction. He was the most expensive player in the IPL until 2009 when the Super Kings signed up English all-rounder [[Andrew Flintoff]] for $1.55 million. Dhoni is one of the most successful captains in the IPL, having led the Super Kings to ten finals of which the team has won five.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League / Records / Most matches as captain|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/individual/most_matches_as_captain.html?id=117;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622100425/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/individual/most_matches_as_captain.html?id=117%3Btype%3Dtrophy|archive-date=22 June 2013}}</ref>

The vice-captain of the team from 2008 to 2015 was [[Suresh Raina]]. Raina held multiple IPL records such as most caps, most runs and most catches.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League / Records / Most catches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?id=117;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-date=16 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616223325/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?id=117;type=trophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Australian batsman [[Michael Hussey]] has the best batting average for the Super Kings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League — Chennai Super Kings / Records / Batting averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/batting.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-date=17 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617033452/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/batting.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the first batsman from the Super Kings to score a century in the IPL. After opening batsman [[Matthew Hayden]]'s retirement in 2010, Hussey took over as an opening batsman and was the team's leading run-scorer in the 2011 and 2013 seasons.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2011 – Chennai Super Kings / Records / Batting and bowling averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=5969;team=4343;type=tournament|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726172912/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=5969;team=4343;type=tournament|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2013 – Chennai Super Kings / Records / Batting and bowling averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7720;team=4343;type=tournament|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423114150/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7720;team=4343;type=tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Murali Vijay]], who played for the team from 2009 to 2013, is the first Indian batsman to score two centuries in the IPL. Super Kings' spinner [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] has the third best economy rate in IPL (6.53)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League / Records / Best economy rates|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?id=117;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-date=16 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616061014/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?id=117;type=trophy|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the third leading wicket-taker for the team behind [[Dwayne Bravo]] and [[Ravindra Jadeja]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League — Chennai Super Kings / Records / Bowling averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/bowling.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-date=22 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622100230/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/bowling.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Identity ==
{{Unreliable sources|section|date=April 2018}}

=== Name, logo, crest and colors ===
The Chennai franchise named the team as Chennai Super Kings to honour the rulers of the [[History of Tamil Nadu#Age of empires (600–1300)|Tamil empire]]. The word "super" is used commonly in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The team name also derives from India Cements' brand "Coromandel King".<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Super Kings|url=http://www.cricketcircle.com/Professional-Twenty20-League/chennai-super-kings-ipl-team.php|publisher=Cricket Circle|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=16 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416042205/http://www.cricketcircle.com/Professional-Twenty20-League/chennai-super-kings-ipl-team.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

The team logo features the head of a roaring lion in orange and the team name rendered in blue. The crown above the team name is the same as that used in the logo of the brand Coromandel King. According to the logo designers{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}, since the lion is the king of the jungle, the roaring lion logo reflects the team name{{speculation inline}}. The details of the logo signifies various qualities such as youth, vibrancy, solid performance orientation and fiery spirit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Logos of IPL – The Indian Premier League|url=http://www.logodesignnext.com/blog/2008/11/02/logos-of-ipl-the-indian-premier-league/|publisher=LogosDesignNext|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=6 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106184110/http://www.logodesignnext.com/blog/2008/11/02/logos-of-ipl-the-indian-premier-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The team's primary colour is yellow with blue and orange stripes on either sides of the jersey. The jersey also incorporates the roaring lion logo in the center of the shirt below the logo of the main sponsor. The basic look of the jersey has remained the same from the first season with no changes except for the sponsor placement. The kit manufacturer until 2014 was ''[[Reebok]]'' and from 2015, Australian Apparel and Sports Gear manufacturer Spartan manufactures kits for the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spartansports.com/behind-the-scenes-with-csk/|title=Behind the Scenes With CSK|access-date=23 December 2019|archive-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223123826/https://www.spartansports.com/behind-the-scenes-with-csk/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Theme song ===
The team's theme song is the "''Whistle Podu''" designed by Aravind–Shankar (duo of Aravind Murali and Jaishankar Iyer). Although the track was created only for [[YouTube]] in 2008, it gained popularity during the 2009 season and later became the team's theme song. The video of the song represents the street dance form of ''[[dappangutthu]]'' which is very popular among certain communities in Tamil Nadu. It is also a folk dance and music genre employed in [[Tamil cinema]]. The recordings of some of the Super Kings players whistling were used in the music video.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview with the creators of Whistle Podu|url=http://mpower.iimklive.com/2011/11/03/interview-with-the-creators-of-whistle-podu/|publisher=mPower|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=1 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601220052/http://mpower.iimklive.com/2011/11/03/interview-with-the-creators-of-whistle-podu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Kit and sponsors ==
For the 2022 season tyre maker [[TVS Group|TVS Eurogrip]] signed up with the franchise as the principal shirt sponsor. Chennai Super Kings said this partnership would allow them to connect with the team's pan-India fanbase through engagement initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2021 |title=TVS Eurogrip is the principal sponsor for Chennai Super Kings; deal value pegged at over Rs 100 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/tvs-eurogrip-is-the-principal-sponsor-for-chennai-super-kings-deal-value-pegged-at-over-rs-100-crore/articleshow/87874855.cms |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422181225/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/tvs-eurogrip-is-the-principal-sponsor-for-chennai-super-kings-deal-value-pegged-at-over-rs-100-crore/articleshow/87874855.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Myntra]] signed a deal for principal shirt sponsor for the 2021 Season. [[Muthoot Group]] was one of the principal shirt sponsors, having signed a three-year deal in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/csk-and-muthoot-group-ink-deal/article22716792.ece|title=CSK and Muthoot ink deal|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 February 2018|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130225930/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/csk-and-muthoot-group-ink-deal/article22716792.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Telecom service provider [[Aircel]] was the previous shirt sponsor after they signed a three-year deal in 2008 which was then renewed in 2011 for {{INR}}850 million, then the most expensive sponsorship deal in IPL.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aircel to sponsor Chennai Super Kings|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/news/27696994_1_aircel-coo-chennai-super-kings-chennai-and-tamil-nadu|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=18 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318185802/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/news/27696994_1_aircel-coo-chennai-super-kings-chennai-and-tamil-nadu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aircel signs most expensive sponsorship deal in IPL with Dhoni's Chennai Super Kings|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-12/news/29409921_1_ipl-teams-aircel-team-sponsorship|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=14 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414075041/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-12/news/29409921_1_ipl-teams-aircel-team-sponsorship|url-status=live}}</ref> The team also has sponsorship deals with [[India Cements]], [[Gulf Oil]], [[Equitas Small Finance Bank]], [[Hyderabad Industries Limited|HIL]], [[Nippon Paint]], [[Parle Agro]] [[Frooti]] and [[Atria Convergence Technologies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaisuperkings.com/Sponsors.aspx|title=Sponsors|publisher=Chennai Super Kings|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=19 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004215/https://www.chennaisuperkings.com/Sponsors.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Year
! Kit manufacturer
! Shirt sponsor (front)
! Shirt sponsor (back)
! Chest branding
|-
|2008
|rowspan=7|[[Reebok]]
|rowspan=8|[[Aircel]]
|rowspan=14|[[India Cements]]
|[[Gulf Oil]]
|-
|2009
|Nivaran 90
|-
|2010
|[[Coromandel International|Coromandel King]]
|-
|2011
|rowspan=11|[[Gulf Oil]]
|-
|2012
|-
|2013
|-
|2014
|-
|2015
|Spartan
|-
|2018
|rowspan=6|[[Seven (brand)|SEVEN]]
|rowspan=3|[[The Muthoot Group]]
|-
|2019
|-
|2020
|-
|2021
|[[Myntra]]
|-
|2022
|rowspan=2|[[TVS Group|TVS Eurogrip]]
|-
|2023
|}

==Support and fan following==
The Super Kings have a large fan following across India, colloquially referred to as "Yellow Army".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dinakar |first1=S. |title=CSK's fan base spans globe |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/csks-fan-base-spans-globe/article24008602.ece |access-date=23 November 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=28 May 2018 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227225305/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/csks-fan-base-spans-globe/article24008602.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Santadeep |title=IPL 2019: CSK's Yellow Army cleans stand at Chepauk after KXIP match, catches Raina's eye |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2019-csk-kxip-dhoni-raina-chinna-thala-chennai-super-kings-xi-punjab-whistle-podu-yellow-armychepauk-ma-chidambaram-stadium/article26763465.ece |access-date=23 November 2019 |work=Sportstar |date=7 April 2019 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024090234/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2019-csk-kxip-dhoni-raina-chinna-thala-chennai-super-kings-xi-punjab-whistle-podu-yellow-armychepauk-ma-chidambaram-stadium/article26763465.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The team has an official fan club called the "Whistle Podu Army" which was founded in January 2016 after the team's suspension from IPL.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Varun |date=22 March 2019 |title=How Chennai Super Kings kept the whistle alive |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/how-chennai-super-kings-kept-the-whistle-alive-1178679 |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620013454/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/how-chennai-super-kings-kept-the-whistle-alive-1178679 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018 and 2019, there were reports of over 10,000 fans turning up to watch the team's practice sessions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramesh |first1=Akshay |title='12,000 fans at practice match just a teaser': Decoding Chennai's love for CSK |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/chennai-super-kings-fans-ipl-2019-practice-match-12000-fans-teaser-saravanan-chennai-cricket-1483201-2019-03-21 |access-date=23 November 2019 |work=India Today |date=21 March 2019 |archive-date=23 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223185810/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/chennai-super-kings-fans-ipl-2019-practice-match-12000-fans-teaser-saravanan-chennai-cricket-1483201-2019-03-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the team's home games were moved to Pune in 2018, the Super Kings management arranged a charter train between Chennai and Pune, as well as free accommodation, for more than 1,000 fans of the team.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Ritayan |title=All aboard 'Whistle Podu Express': CSK hire train to take fans from Chennai to Pune |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/all-aboard-the-whistle-podu-express-csk-hire-train-to-take-fans-from-chennai-to-pune-1215616-2018-04-19 |access-date=23 November 2019 |work=India Today |date=19 April 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225211031/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/all-aboard-the-whistle-podu-express-csk-hire-train-to-take-fans-from-chennai-to-pune-1215616-2018-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandrasehkhar |first1=Anandi |title=Chennai Super Kings taking fans to Pune for 'home' game |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/chennai-super-kings-taking-fans-to-pune-for-home-game/articleshow/63894252.cms |access-date=23 November 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124162110/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/chennai-super-kings-taking-fans-to-pune-for-home-game/articleshow/63894252.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Brand value ==
Chennai Super Kings was adjudged by Brand Finance to be the most valuable brand at {{USD}}65 million after the completion of 2018 IPL.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/buzztop/buzztop-feature/ipl-brand-value-grew-37-percent-usd-5-billion-csk-most-valuable-brand/story/279033.html |title=CSK most valuable band of IPL 2018 |date=13 June 2018 |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613210622/https://www.businesstoday.in/buzztop/buzztop-feature/ipl-brand-value-grew-37-percent-usd-5-billion-csk-most-valuable-brand/story/279033.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Economic Times commissioned UK-based Brand Finance to carry out brand evaluation of the IPL and also each of the eight franchise teams (that was increased to 10 in 2011). Chennai Super Kings was rated as the "most valuable team" in the Indian Premier League in 2010–11, with a brand value of $100
million (approximately {{INR}}2.24 billion).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaisuperkings.com/News/NewsContent.aspx?NewsID=202 |title=The Official We97-91-051044bsite of Chennai Super Kings — CHAMPIONS 2011 |publisher=Chennaisuperkings.com |date=24 February 2010 |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191054/http://www.chennaisuperkings.com/News/NewsContent.aspx?NewsID=202 |archive-date=21 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2013, London based Brand Finance evaluated the top 150 most valuable teams in the world, in which Chennai Super Kings is placed in the 147th place valued at $46 million, just behind the [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/mumbai-indians-among-top150-most-valuable-team-brands/1073732 |title=Brand Finance: Top 150 most valuable teams by Financial Express |date=14 February 2013 |access-date=24 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217042608/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/mumbai-indians-among-top150-most-valuable-team-brands/1073732 |archive-date=17 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2021, Chennai Super Kings was valued at $900 million on track to become the first sports unicorn from India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandramoui |first=Rajesh |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Can Chennai Super Kings be cricket's Manchester United? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/can-chennai-super-kings-be-crickets-manchester-united/articleshow/87248328.cms |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220220133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/can-chennai-super-kings-be-crickets-manchester-united/articleshow/87248328.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Controversies ==
=== Ownership of N. Srinivasan ===
Until September 2008, [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] regulation, Clause 6.2.4 stated that "No administrator could have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in the matches or events conducted by the board". However, [[N. Srinivasan]], who was then the treasurer and vice-chairman of BCCI, became the ''de facto'' owner of the Chennai Super Kings since he was the managing director of India Cements. Former BCCI President [[A. C. Muthiah]] wrote to the BCCI regarding the violation of this clause in 2008 but the BCCI did not respond. In September 2008, Muthiah went to the [[Madras High Court]] to restrain BCCI from allowing Srinivasan to participate in the general body meeting where the election was to be held. However, the suit was dismissed by the High Court and the following day, Srinivasan was elected as the Secretary of BCCI.<ref>{{cite web|title=BCCI top brass feels fixing heat|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502518_1_bcci-treasurer-bcci-president-clause-6-2-4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110172719/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502518_1_bcci-treasurer-bcci-president-clause-6-2-4|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> The clause was amended as "No administrator shall have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in any of the events of the BCCI, excluding IPL, Champions League and Twenty20".<ref>{{cite web |title=N Srinivasan's rise in the BCCI |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/n-srinivasan-s-rise-and-tenure-a-timeline-637655 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925151725/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/n-srinivasan-s-rise-and-tenure-a-timeline-637655 |url-status=live }}</ref> Muthiah then moved to the [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]] which gave a split verdict in April 2011. Later in August 2011, Muthiah filed another petition to stop Srinivasan from taking over as the BCCI President<ref>{{cite web |title=Srinivasan faces petition against BCCI presidency |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-ipl-mess-srinivasan-faces-petition-against-bcci-presidency-529412 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203203344/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-ipl-mess-srinivasan-faces-petition-against-bcci-presidency-529412 |url-status=live }}</ref> but the Supreme Court rejected the petition, and Srinivasan was elected the President of BCCI.<ref>{{cite web |title=N Srinivasan becomes BCCI president |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-annual-general-meeting-n-srinivasan-becomes-bcci-president-532993 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007010907/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-annual-general-meeting-n-srinivasan-becomes-bcci-president-532993 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2011, the owners of other teams were concerned about the possible rigging that could have taken place in the IPL auctions. [[Nita Ambani]], the owner of [[Mumbai Indians]] questioned the changing order of players just before the auction began.<ref>{{cite news|title=Was IPL auction fair?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/news/Was-IPL-auction-fair-Mumbai-Indians-raise-questions/articleshow/7375330.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 January 2011|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317204052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/news/Was-IPL-auction-fair-Mumbai-Indians-raise-questions/articleshow/7375330.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Former IPL chairman [[Lalit Modi]] accused Srinivasan of arm-twisting him and rigging the 2009 IPL auction to ensure that English all-rounder [[Andrew Flintoff]] was bought by the Chennai Super Kings while it was refuted by Srinivasan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flintoff sale rigged at 2009 IPL auction — Modi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-news-andrew-flintoff-s-sale-rigged-at-2009-ipl-auction-lalit-modi-552470 |access-date=8 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802231452/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-news-andrew-flintoff-s-sale-rigged-at-2009-ipl-auction-lalit-modi-552470 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2013 betting scandal ===

{{Further|2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case}}

In May 2013, [[Gurunath Meiyappan]], son-in-law of Srinivasan, was arrested by [[Mumbai Police]] on charges of placing bets on IPL matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurunath Meiyappan arrested in Mumbai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gurunath-meiyappan-arrested-in-mumbai-637612 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=21 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050240/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gurunath-meiyappan-arrested-in-mumbai-637612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meiyappan, who was the Team Principal of the Super Kings, was issued a summons by the Mumbai Police and on interrogation it was found that Meiyappan was in contact with bookies through actor [[Vindu Dara Singh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Meiyappan placed heavy bets on IPL matches, say Mumbai Police|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/ipl2013/meiyappan-placed-heavy-bets-on-ipl-matches-say-mumbai-police/article4749583.ece?homepage=true|work=The Hindu|date=25 May 2013|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=8 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608152641/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/ipl2013/meiyappan-placed-heavy-bets-on-ipl-matches-say-mumbai-police/article4749583.ece?homepage=true|url-status=live}}</ref> Mumbai police arrested Meiyappan for betting offence.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CSK owner Gurunath Meiyappan arrested in IPL betting case|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/csk-owner-gurunath-meiyappan-arrested-in-ipl-betting-case/articleshow/20251994.cms?from=mdr|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023163113/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/csk-owner-gurunath-meiyappan-arrested-in-ipl-betting-case/articleshow/20251994.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, Srinivasan, on 2 June 2013, decided to step aside as BCCI President temporarily until the inquiry into the betting case is completed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Srinivasan steps aside temporarily; Dalmiya to run BCCI affairs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/n-srinivasan-steps-aside-temporarily-dalmiya-to-run-bcci-affairs-638730 |access-date=4 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925151720/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/n-srinivasan-steps-aside-temporarily-dalmiya-to-run-bcci-affairs-638730 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2014, the three-member panel appointed by the [[Supreme Court of India]] enquired into the betting case, and indicted Meiyappan for illegal betting during the 2013 IPL.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL spot-fixing: Gurunath Meiyappan guilty of betting, CSK faces uncertain future|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ipl-spot-fixing-gurunath-meiyappan-guilty-of-betting-csk-faces-uncertain-future/articleshow/30180920.cms|work=Economic Times|access-date=11 February 2014|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075829/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ipl-spot-fixing-gurunath-meiyappan-guilty-of-betting-csk-faces-uncertain-future/articleshow/30180920.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== IPL suspension ===

{{See also|Lodha Committee}}

On 25 March 2014, the [[Supreme Court of India]] issued an ultimatum to the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] demanding that Srinivasan either step down as president or be removed from his position.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/live-sealed-envelope-contains-serious-allegations-srinivasan-must-step-down-for-fair-probe-says-sc/|title=Srinivasan must step down|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325100448/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/live-sealed-envelope-contains-serious-allegations-srinivasan-must-step-down-for-fair-probe-says-sc/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 July 2015, the [[Rajendra Mal Lodha|RM Lodha]] Committee suspended the owners of Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings from the Indian Premier League for a period of two years.<ref name="Suspend" /> On 24 February 2016, the Supreme Court of India agreed to hear a plea for lifting the ban on the Chennai Super Kings.<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/court-agrees-to-hear-plea-for-lifting-ban-on-chennai-super-kings-1280766| title = Court Agrees To Hear Plea For Lifting Ban On Chennai Super Kings| work = [[NDTV]]| access-date = 1 March 2016| archive-date = 28 February 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160228000230/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/court-agrees-to-hear-plea-for-lifting-ban-on-chennai-super-kings-1280766| url-status = live}}</ref>

== Result summary ==
{{Main||List of Chennai Super Kings records}}

=== Overall results ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!class="unsortable"| Year !! Pld !! Won !! {{Tooltip | Loss | Matches Loss }} !! Tied !! {{Tooltip | NR | No Result}} !! {{Tooltip | SR (%) | Success Rate}} !!class="unsortable"| Position !!class="unsortable"| Summary
|-
|-style="background:silver;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2008|2008]]
| 16 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 56.25% || [[2008 Indian Premier League#Points table|2/8]] || '''Runners-up'''
|-
|-style="background-color: #cc9966;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2009|2009]]
| 15 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 1 || 53.33% || [[2009 Indian Premier League#Points table|4/8]] || '''Semi-Finalists'''
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2010|2010]]
| 16 || 9 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 59.38% || [[2010 Indian Premier League#Points table|1/8]] || '''Champions'''
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2011|2011]]
| 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 68.75% || [[2011 Indian Premier League#Points table|1/10]] || '''Champions'''
|-
|-style="background:silver;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2012|2012]]
| 19 || 10 || 8 || 0 || 1 || 52.63% || [[2012 Indian Premier League#Points table|2/9]] || '''Runners-up'''
|-
|-style="background:silver;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2013|2013]]
| 18|| 12 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 66.67% || [[2013 Indian Premier League#Points table|2/9]] || '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2014|2014]]
| 16 || 10 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 62.5% || [[2014 Indian Premier League#Points table|3/8]] || Playoffs
|-
|-style="background:silver;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2015|2015]]
| 17 || 10 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 58.82% || [[2015 Indian Premier League#Points table|2/8]] || '''Runners-up'''
|-
! 2016
| colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | ''Suspended''
|-
! 2017
| colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | ''Suspended''
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2018|2018]]
| 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 68.75% || [[2018 Indian Premier League#Points table|1/8]] || '''Champions'''
|-
|-style="background:silver;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2019|2019]]
| 17 || 10 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 58.82% || [[2019 Indian Premier League#Points table|2/8]] || '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2020|2020]]
| 14 || 6 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 42.85% || [[2020 Indian Premier League#Points table|7/8]] || League Stage
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2021|2021]]
| 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 68.75% || [[2021 Indian Premier League#Points table|1/8]] || '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2022|2022]]
| 14 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 28.57% || [[2022 Indian Premier League#Points table|9/10]] || League Stage
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2023|2023]]
| 16 || 10 || 5 || 0 || 1 || 62.5% || [[2023 Indian Premier League#Points table|1/10]] || '''Champions'''
|-
! Total
!style="text-align:left; class="unsortable"|226|| style="text-align:left" |131|| style="text-align:left" |'''91'''||style="text-align:left"|'''1''' ||style="text-align:left"|'''3''' ||style="text-align:left"|57.96|| ||style="text-align:left"|'''5 titles'''
|}

Last updated: 30 May 2023

* Abandoned matches are counted as NR (no result)
* Win or loss by super over or boundary count are counted as tied.
* 2023 data till 23 May 2023 only.

===By opposition===
This section include records against an individual team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League — Chennai Super Kings / Records / Result summary|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=6;id=4343;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418110250/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=6;id=4343;type=team|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Opposition !! Years !! Mat !! Won !! Lost !! Tied!! NR !! Win (%)
|-
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || 2008–2015, 2018-2023 || 38 || 17 || 21 || 0 || 0 || 44.73
|-
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 2008–2015, 2018-2023 || 32 || 21 || 10 || 0 || 1 || 67.73
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 2008–2015, 2018-2023 || 29 || 15 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 51.72
|-
| [[Kings XI Punjab|Punjab Kings]] || 2008–2015, 2018-2023 || 29 || 16 || 12 || 0 || 0|| 56.89
|-
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 2008–2015, 2018– 2023 || 29 || 19 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 63.33
|-
| [[Delhi Capitals]] || 2008–2015, 2018–2023 || 29 || 19 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 65.51
|-
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 2013–2015, 2018-2022 || 20 || 15 || 5 || 0 || 0|| 75.00
|-
| [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 2022-2023 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 50.00
|-
| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 2022-2023 || 5 || 2|| 3 || 0 || 0 || 40.00
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Deccan Chargers]] || 2008–2012|| 10 || 6 || 4|| 0 || 0 || 60
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || 2011 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Pune Warriors India]] || 2011–2013 || 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 66.66
|-
! '''Total''' !! '''2008–2015<br />2018-2023''' !! 232 !! 136 !! 93 !! '''0''' !! 2 !! 58.62
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| Team now defunct
|}
<small>Last updated: 31 May 2023</small>

=== Overall results in the Champions League T20 ===
<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League Twenty20 – Chennai Super Kings / Records / List of match results (by season)|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/t20champions2010/engine/records/team/match_results_season.html?id=120;team=4343;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricnfo|access-date=5 June 2013|archive-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424000044/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/t20champions2010/engine/records/team/match_results_season.html?id=120;team=4343;type=trophy|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Year
!Matches
!Won
!Lost
!NR
!Win %
!Summary
|-
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]]
| 6 || 5 || 1 || 0 || 83.33% || Champions
|-
! [[2011 Champions League Twenty20|2011]]
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 50% || Group stage
|-
! [[2012 Champions League Twenty20|2012]]
| 4 || 2 || 2|| 0 || 50% || Group stage
|-
|-style="background-color: #cc9966;"
! [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|2013]]
| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 60% || Semi-finalists
|-
|-style="background:gold;"
! [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]]
| 6 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 66.66% || Champions
|-
! Total
| '''25''' || '''15''' || '''9''' || '''1''' || '''60.00%''' ||'''Champions'''
|}
<small>Last updated: 19 December 2018</small>

==Statistics==
{{Main|List of Chennai Super Kings records}}

===Most runs===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Rank'''
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Runs'''
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Player'''
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Matches'''
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Innings'''
! style="text-align:center;"| '''Period'''
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,687
| {{sortname|Suresh|Raina}} || align=center | 176 || align="center" | 171 || 2008-2021
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,508
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}} || align=center | 220 || align="center" | 191 || 2008-2023
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2,721
| {{sortname|Faf|du Plessis}} || align=center | 92 || align="center" | 86 || 2012-2021
|-
| align=center | 4
! 1,932
|{{sortname|Ambati|Rayudu}}
| align=center | 90
| align=center | 80
|2018-2023
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 1,768
| {{sortname|Ruturaj|Gaikwad}} || align="center" | 52 || align="center" | 51 || 2020-2023
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | <small>Last Updated: 4 June 2023</small><ref name="Most career runs">{{cite news |title=Most career runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427190906/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Most wickets===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Rank
! style="text-align:center;"| Wickets
! style="text-align:center;"| Player
! style="text-align:center;"| Matches
! style="text-align:center;"| Innings
! style="text-align:center;"| Runs
! style="text-align:center;"| Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 140
| {{sortname|Dwayne|Bravo}} || align=center | 116 || align="center" | 113 || align="center" | 3,147 || 2011-2022
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 125
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}} || align=center | 158 || align="center" | 145 || align="center" | 3,234 || 2012-2023
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 90
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}} || align=center | 97 || align=center | 94 || align=center | 2,180 || 2009-2015
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 76
| {{sortname|Albie|Morkel}} || align=center | 78 || align=center | 75 || align=center | 2,054 || 2008-2013
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 71
| [[Deepak Chahar]]|| align="center" | 68 || align="center" | 68 || align="center" | 1,788 || 2018-2023
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | <small>Last Updated: 4 June 2023</small> <ref>{{cite news |title=Most career wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 April 2021 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416055004/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=117;team=4343;type=trophy |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Rivalries ==

=== Rivalry with Mumbai Indians ===
{{further|Chennai Super Kings–Mumbai Indians rivalry}}
Chennai Super Kings and [[Mumbai Indians]] have played against each other more times than any other two teams in the IPL.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL: Familiar foes, Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings, face off in virtual quarterfinal|date=28 May 2014|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-ipl-familiar-foes-mumbai-indians-and-chennai-super-kings-face-off-in-virtual-quarterfinal-1991791|publisher=DNA India|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531031227/http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-ipl-familiar-foes-mumbai-indians-and-chennai-super-kings-face-off-in-virtual-quarterfinal-1991791|url-status=live}}</ref> They are the two most successful IPL teams and often termed as "big spenders" at the players auction.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2014: Chennai Super Kings Team Profile|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-team-profile-indian-premier-league-7/1/355171.html|publisher=India Today|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=27 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927065855/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-team-profile-indian-premier-league-7/1/355171.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2013 |title=Big spenders still searching for returns |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/627708.html |access-date=17 September 2014 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514232958/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/627708.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The two sides have met each other at the final of the IPL four times, with Mumbai winning thrice and Chennai winning once. The rivalry is often referred to as [[El Clásico|El Clasico]] of IPL.

=== Rivalry with Royal Challengers Bangalore ===
The rivalry with Chennai Super Kings stems from the [[Kaveri River water dispute]] between the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. The rivalry is also called "Kaveri derby" and "South Indian derby".<ref>{{cite web |title=The battle of the Kaveri |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/68866/the-battle-of-the-kaveri |access-date=20 April 2015 |publisher=Cricbuzz |archive-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143248/http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/68866/the-battle-of-the-kaveri |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bitter rivals square off in marquee southern derby |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/68864/bitter-rivals-square-off-in-marquee-southern-derby |access-date=20 April 2015 |publisher=Cricbuzz |archive-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143252/http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/68864/bitter-rivals-square-off-in-marquee-southern-derby |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai Super Kings face royal challenge |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/icc-world-cup-2015/ipl/news/Chennai-Super-Kings-face-royal-challenge/articleshow/7996827.cms |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=16 April 2011 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221115400/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/icc-world-cup-2015/ipl/news/Chennai-Super-Kings-face-royal-challenge/articleshow/7996827.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Super Kings beat the Royal Challengers in the final of the 2011 IPL, the only meeting between the two teams at an IPL final.

== Seasons ==

=== Indian Premier League ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! League standing
! Final standing
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2008|2008]]
| 3rd out of 8
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2009|2009]]
| 2nd out of 8
| Semi-finalists
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2010|2010]]
| 3rd out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2011|2011]]
| 2nd out of 10
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2012|2012]]
| 4th out of 9
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2013|2013]]
| 1st out of 9
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2014|2014]]
| 3rd out of 8
| Playoffs
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2015|2015]]
| 1st out of 8
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! 2016
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ''Suspended''
|-
! 2017
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ''Suspended''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2018|2018]]
| 2nd out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2019|2019]]
| 2nd out of 8
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2020|2020]]
| 7th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2021|2021]]
| 2nd out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2022|2022]]
| 9th out of 10
| League stage
|-
![[Chennai Super Kings in 2023|2023]]
| 2nd out of 10
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|}

=== Champions League T20 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! League standing
! Final standing
|-
![[Chennai Super Kings in 2008|2008]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |''Cancelled''
|-
![[Chennai Super Kings in 2009|2009]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |DNQ
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2010|2010]]
|1st out of 10
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2011|2011]]
|| 5th out of 10
| League stage
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2012|2012]]
| 5th out of 10
| League stage
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2013|2013]]
| 4th out of 10
| Semi-finalists
|-
! [[Chennai Super Kings in 2014|2014]]
| 1st out of 10
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|}

== Current squad ==
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who is fully unavailable.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#EEE8AA|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who will be partially unavailable.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;"" | Batters
|-
|9|| '''[[Ambati Rayudu]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1985|9|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.75|c}} ||
|-
|21||'''[[Ajinkya Rahane]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1988|6|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
|31|| '''[[Ruturaj Gaikwad]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|01|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2019 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c}} ||
|-
|66|| [[Shaik Rasheed]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2004|9|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
|88 ||'''[[Devon Conway]]'''||{{cr|NZ}}|| {{birth date and age|1991|7|8|df=y}}|| Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} ||Overseas
|-
|{{NA}}|| [[Subhranshu Senapati]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|12|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;"" | Wicket-keepers
|-
|7|| '''[[MS Dhoni]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1981|7|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12|c}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;" | All-rounders
|-
|8|| '''[[Ravindra Jadeja]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1988|12|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|slow orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16|c}} ||
|-
|10|| [[Rajvardhan Hangargekar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2002|11|10|df=y}}||Right-handed||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" |2022||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} ||
|-
|18|| '''[[Moeen Ali]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age|1987|6|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}} || Overseas
|-
|19|| [[Ajay Mandal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1996|2|25|df=y}}||Left-handed||Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|slow orthodox]]|| style="text-align:center;" |2023||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
|25|| '''[[Shivam Dube]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|6|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||
|-
|27|| [[Nishant Sindhu]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2004|4|9|df=y}}||Left-handed||Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|slow orthodox]]|| style="text-align:center;" |2023||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|60|l}} ||
|-
|29|| '''[[Dwaine Pretorius]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1989|3|29|df=y}}|| Right-handed|| Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" |2022||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||Overseas
|- style="background:#EEE8AA"|
|55|| '''[[Ben Stokes]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} ||{{birth date and age|1991|6|4|df=y}} ||Left-handed ||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" |2023||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16.25|c}} ||Overseas
|-
|74|| '''[[Mitchell Santner]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} ||{{birth date and age|1992|2|5|df=y}} ||Left-handed ||Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|slow orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" |2018||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} ||Overseas
|-
|{{NA}}|| [[Bhagath Varma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1998|09|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Off-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
|46|| [[Prashant Solanki]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|2000|2|22|df=y}} || Right-handed ||Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.2|c}} ||
|-
|61||'''[[Maheesh Theekshana]]'''|| {{cr|SL}} ||{{birth date and age|2000|8|1|df=y}} ||Right-handed ||Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
|24|| [[Tushar Deshpande]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|1995|5|15|df=y}} || Left-handed||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-style="background:#FFCCCC"|
|33|| [[Mukesh Choudhary (cricketer)|Mukesh Choudhary]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|1996|7|6|df=y}} ||Left-handed||Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
|90||'''[[Deepak Chahar]]'''|| {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|1992|8|7|df=y}} ||Right-handed ||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|14|c}} ||
|-
|98|| [[Simarjeet Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|1998|1|17|df=y}} ||Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
|99||'''[[Matheesha Pathirana]]'''|| {{cr|SL}} ||{{birth date and age|2002|12|18|df=y}} ||Right-handed ||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Overseas
|-
|{{NA}}|| [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} ||{{birth date and age|2002|4|26|df=y}} ||Left-handed||Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 2023 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||Replacement for <br>[[Mukesh Choudhary]]
|-style="background:#FFCCCC"|
|{{NA}}|| '''[[Kyle Jamieson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}}|| {{birth date and age|1994|12|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|Fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{NA}}|| '''[[Sisanda Magala]]''' || {{cr|SA}} ||{{birth date and age|1991|1|7|df=y}} ||Right-handed||Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas; Replacement for [[Kyle Jamieson]]
|-
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| CEO|| Kasinath Viswanathan
|-
|Team manager|| Russell Radhakrishnan
|-
|Consultant|| [[Sundar Raman]]
|-
| Head coach|| [[Stephen Fleming]]
|-
|Batting coach || [[Michael Hussey]]
|-
| Bowling coach|| [[Dwayne Bravo]]
|-
| Bowling consultant|| [[Eric Simons]]
|-
| Fielding coach|| [[Rajiv Kumar (cricketer)|Rajiv Kumar]]
|-
|Physio || Tommy Simsek
|-
|Physical trainer || [[Greg King (cricketer)|Greg King]]
|-
|Team doctor || Madhu Thottappillil
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| <small>Source:[http://www.chennaisuperkings.com/CSK_WEB/module/news/html/team-page.html CSKStaffs]</small>
|}

== In popular culture ==

In 2019, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] produced a documentary series titled [[Roar of the Lion (web series)|''Roar of the Lion'']]. The series followed the Chennai Super Kings' comeback season of [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 edition]] after serving a two-year ban for their involvement in the [[2013 Indian Premier League betting case]]. The series was shot across [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Delhi]] in India and in Australia and featured Chennai Super Kings players such as [[MS Dhoni]], [[Ravindra Jadeja]], [[Ambati Rayudu]], [[Shane Watson]], [[Dwayne Bravo]], [[Deepak Chahar]] and [[Suresh Raina]]. This series is the first one to be released under the label [[Hotstar Specials]]. The series premiered on 20 March 2019, in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] languages.

== See also ==
* [[List of Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]
* [[List of Chennai Super Kings records]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|25em}}

== External links ==
*[http://iplt20.com/teams/chennai-super-kings/ Chennai Super Kings at IPL official site]

{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Chennai Super Kings}}
{{Chennai Super Kings squad}}
{{Tamil Nadu Sports}}

[[Category:Chennai Super Kings| ]]
[[Category:Sport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2008]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in India]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Chennai]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India Cements]]

Administration in Gujarat

2023-09-16T12:42:40Z

Australianartandculture: Wrote an inspiring article.

{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}{{infobox government
| government_name = Administration in Gujarat
| image = [[Image:Seal of Gujarat.svg|100px]]
| caption = Seal of Gujarat
| division_type = [[Seat of government|Seat of Government]]
| division = [[Gandhinagar]]
| leader_type = [[Governor (India)|Governor]]
| leader_title =[[Acharya Devvrat]]
| leader_type2 = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
| leader_title2 = [[Bhupendra Patel]]
| legislature_label = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly]]
| legislature = {{ubl|[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]|}}
| speaker_label = [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen|Speaker]]
| speaker =[[Shankar Chaudhary]]
| members_in_assembly_label = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members in Assembly]]
| members_in_assembly =182
| legislative_council_label = [[State legislative councils of India|Council]]
| legislative_council = Gujarat Legislative Council
| chairman_label = [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen|Chairman]]
| chairman =Vacant
| members_in_council_label = [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|Members in Council]]
| members_in_council =
| branch4 = [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]]
| court_name = [[High courts of India|High Court]]
| court = [[Gujarat High Court]]
| chief_justice_label = [[List of current Indian chief justices|Chief Justice]]
| chief_justice = [[Ashish Jitendra Desai]]
}}

'''Gujarat''' is a [[States of India|state]] along the [[Western India|western coast]] of [[India]]. Its coastline of about 1,600 km (990 mi) is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the [[Kathiawar]] peninsula. Gujarat is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|fifth-largest Indian state by area]], covering some 196,024 km<sup>2</sup> (75,685 sq mi); and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|ninth-most populous state]], with a population of 60.4 million. It is bordered by [[Rajasthan]] to the [[northeast]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] to the south, [[Maharashtra]] to the southeast, [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the east, and the [[Arabian Sea]] and the [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] province of [[Sindh]] to the west. Gujarat's [[capital city]] is [[Gandhinagar]], while its largest city is [[Ahmedabad]].

==History==
{{Main|History of Gujarat}}
{{History of Gujarat}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 270
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| image1 = Indus Valley Civilization, Late Phase (1900-1300 BCE).png
| caption1 = Map of the Rangpur culture and other late Indus Valley cultures
| image2 = Edicts of Ashoka at Junagadh Gujarat.jpg
| caption2 = The Junagadh Rock inscription, which attests to Maurya rule over Gujarat (about316 B.c.)
| image3 = Bombay 1956-1960 de.svg
| caption3 = Bombay State (1956–1960) and its reorganisation.
| image4 = Administrative map of Gujarat.png
| caption4 = Administrative map of Gujarat with the administrative divisions since August 15, 2013
| header = Recent History of <br /> Administrative of structure <br />[[Gujarat]]
| header_background = Silver
| footer =
| footer_background = Silver
}}

=== Ancient Period ===
{{multiple image
| caption_align = center
| align = center
| title = [[Indus Valley civilisation]]
| image1 = DHOLAVIRA SITE (24).jpg
| caption1 = [[Dholavira]], one of the largest cities of Indus Valley civilisation, with [[stepwell]] steps to reach the water level in artificially constructed reservoirs<ref name="news">{{Cite journal |author=Shuichi Takezawa |journal=Journal of Architecture and Building Science |volume=117 |issue=1492 |date=August 2002 |page=24 |url=http://news-sv.aij.or.jp/jabs/s1/jabs0208-019.pdf |title=Stepwells – Cosmology of Subterranean Architecture as seen in Adalaj |access-date=18 November 2009 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720175341/http://news-sv.aij.or.jp/jabs/s1/jabs0208-019.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| image2 = The drainage system at Lothal 2.JPG
| caption2 = Archaeological remains of washroom drainage system at [[Lothal]]
}}

The cultural history of Gujarat begins from the [[Middle Pleistocene]]. The lands of Gujarat has been continuously inhabited from the [[Lower Paleolithic]] (c. 200,000 BP) period. Several sites of Stone Age are discovered in riverbeds of [[Sabarmati river|Sabarmati]], [[Mahi river]] and lower [[Narmada]] rivers of Gujarat.

The history of Gujarat stretches back to ancient times, with a notable mention in texts like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. The region was home to the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]], with archaeological sites like [[Lothal]], [[Dholavira]], and [[Surkotada]] offering glimpses into this ancient civilization around 2500-1500 BCE. During the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Empire]], which lasted from approximately 322 to 185 BCE, Gujarat was part of its western provinces. After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, Gujarat witnessed the emergence of local dynasties, including the [[Kshatrapas]] and the [[Satavahanas]].

[[File:Lothal - ancient well.jpg|thumb|right|An ancient well at [[Lothal]], and the city drainage canals.]]
Total 755 [[chalcolithic]] settlements are discovered in Gujarat belonging to various traditions and cultures which ranged from 3700 BCE to 900 BCE. Total 59 of these sites are excavated while others are studied from artifacts. These traditions are closely associated with [[Indus Valley civilisation|Harappan civilization]] and difference between them is identified by difference in ceramics and findings of microliths. These traditions and cultures include [[Anarta tradition|Anarta Tradition]] (c. 3950–1900 BCE), Padri Ware (3600–2000 BCE), Pre-Prabhas Assemblage (3200–2600 BCE), Pre Urban Harappan Sindh Type Pottery (Burial Pottery) (3000–2600 BCE), [[Black and red ware culture|Black and Red Ware]] (3950–900 BCE), Reserved Slip Ware (3950–1900 BCE), Micaceous Red Ware (2600–1600 BCE). Prabhas Assemblage (2200–1700 BCE) and Lustrous Red Ware (1900–1300 BCE) are some late material cultures. The few sites associated with [[Malwa]] Ware and [[Jorwe|Jorwe Ware]] are also found.<ref name=chal>{{Cite journal|last1=K.|first1=Krishnan|last2=S. V.|first2=Rajesh|editor-last=Dr.|editor-first=Shakirullah|editor2-last=Young|editor2-first=Ruth|title=Scenario of Chalcolithic Site Surveys in Gujarat|url=https://www.academia.edu/27091436|journal=Pakistan Heritage|language=en|volume=7|pages=1–34|via=Academia.edu}}</ref>
[[File:DHOLAVIRA SITE (36).jpg|thumb|left|Dholavira Site 36]]
Gujarat has a large number of archaeological sites associated with the [[Indus Valley civilization]]. A total of 561 Classical Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) and Sorath Harappan (2600–1700 BCE) sites are reported in Gujarat.<ref name=chal/> The sites in [[Kutch]], namely, [[Surkotada]], [[Desalpur]], [[Pabumath]] and [[Dholavira]] are some major sites of Urban period. The sites of the post-Urban period include [[Lothal]] B, [[Rangpur, Gujarat|Rangpur]] IIC and III, [[Rojdi]] C, [[Kuntasi]], Vagad I B, Surkotada 1C, Dholavira VI &VII.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chaube|first=J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=9780883865736|language=en|pp=132-136}}</ref> It has been noted that in Gujarat, urban cities quickly expanded rather than the slow evolution of urbanism in the northwest.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thapar|first=Romila|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300|publisher=University of California Press|year=2004|pages=78}}</ref>

During the end of the Indus Valley Civilisation, there was a migration of people from Sindh to Gujarat forming the [[Rangpur, Gujarat|Rangpur culture]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages|url=https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/MT-Substrates.pdf|journal=Mother Tongue|pages=25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=Early 'Aryans' and their neighbors outside and inside India|url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jbsc/044/03/0058|journal=Journal of Biosciences|volume=44|issue=3|pages=5|doi=10.1007/s12038-019-9881-7|pmid=31389347|s2cid=195804491}}</ref>

=== Classical Period ===
The classical period in Gujarat's history is marked by significant developments. Under the influence of the [[Gupta Empire]], which flourished from the 4th to the 6th centuries CE, Gujarat experienced stability and prosperity. The [[Maitraka dynasty]] ruled Gujarat from the 6th to the 8th century CE, fostering a cultural renaissance that blended Hindu and Buddhist influences. Buddhism and Jainism also thrived during this era, with prominent centers such as [[Vallabhi]] and [[Devni Mori|Devnimori]]. Gujarat's strategic location along the western coast facilitated trade connections with the [[Roman Empire]] and Southeast Asia, leading to economic prosperity, with ports like Bharuch and Sopara becoming bustling trade hubs. The [[Chalukya dynasty]], originally from Karnataka, established the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Gujarat Chalukya dynasty]] in the 8th century CE, ruling over parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

=== Decline and Medieval Period ===
As the 8th century unfolded, Arab traders began establishing a presence in Gujarat's ports, introducing Islamic influences. Subsequent invasions by Islamic rulers, including the [[Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurids]] in the 11th and 12th centuries, altered the political landscape. Gujarat became a part of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and, later, the [[Mughal Empire]], marking an extended period of Muslim rule. Despite these changes, Gujarat remained a vital center for trade and commerce, serving as a hub for interactions between different cultures and civilizations.

=== Colonial Period ===
In the 1600s, the Dutch, French, English and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] all established bases along the western coast of the region. Portugal was the first European power to arrive in Gujarat, and after the [[Battle of Diu]], acquired several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including [[Daman and Diu]] as well as [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. These enclaves were administered by [[Portuguese India]] under a single union territory for over 450 years, only to be later incorporated into the [[Republic of India]] on 19 December 1961 by military conquest.

The [[British East India Company]] established a [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] in [[Surat]] in 1614 following the commercial treaty made with Mughal Emperor Nuruddin Salim [[Jahangir]], which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by [[Mumbai|Bombay]] after the English received it from Portugal in 1668 as part of the marriage treaty of [[Charles II of England]] and [[Catherine of Braganza]], daughter of [[King John IV of Portugal]]. The state was an early point of contact with the west, and the first British commercial outpost in India was in Gujarat.<ref name="wingsbirds.com">[http://wingsbirds.com/tours/india-west-gujarat-rann-kutch/ WINGS Birding Tours to India: the West – Gujarat and the Rann of Kutch – Itinerary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730052857/http://wingsbirds.com/tours/india-west-gujarat-rann-kutch/}}. Wingsbirds.com (14 December 2011). Retrieved 28 July 2013.</ref>

17th-century French explorer [[François Pyrard de Laval]], who is remembered for his 10-year sojourn in South Asia, bears witness in his account that the Gujaratis were always prepared to learn workmanship from the Portuguese, and in turn imparted skills to the Portuguese:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rai |first1=Rajesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zb_X3L96AfgC&pg=PA31 |title=The South Asian diaspora transnational networks and changing identities |last2=Reeves, Peter |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-203-89235-0 |location=London |page=31 |access-date=19 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304110046/https://books.google.com/books?id=zb_X3L96AfgC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31 |archive-date=4 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{blockquote|I have never seen men of wit so fine and polished as are these Indians: they have nothing barbarous or savage about them, as we are apt to suppose. They are unwilling indeed to adopt the manners and customs of the ''Portuguese''; yet do they regularly learn their manufactures and workmanship, being all very curious and desirous of learning. In fact, the ''Portuguese'' take and learn more from them than they from the ''Portuguese''.}}

Later in the 17th century, Gujarat came under control of the Hindu [[Maratha Empire]] that arose, defeating the Muslim Mughals who had dominated the politics of India. Most notably, from 1705 to 1716, [[Senapati]] [[Khanderao Dabhade]] led the Maratha Empire forces in Baroda. [[Pilaji Gaekwad]], first ruler of [[Gaekwad dynasty]], established the control over Baroda and other parts of Gujarat.

The [[British East India Company]] wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1802–1803. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda ([[Vadodara]]), made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. An epidemic outbreak in 1812 killed half the population of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=Eskild |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPEjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |title=Infectious Diseases: A Geographic Guide |last2=Chen |first2=Lin Hwei |last3=Schlagenhauf-Lawlor |first3=Patricia |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119085737 |page=8 |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903073809/https://books.google.com/books?id=VPEjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gujarat was placed under the political authority of the [[Bombay Presidency]], with the exception of [[Baroda State]], which had a direct relationship with the [[Governor-General of India]]. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including [[Kathiawar]], Kutch and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into hundreds of [[princely states]], but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]], Broach ([[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]), Kaira ([[Kheda district|Kheda]]), [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]] and [[Surat district|Surat]], were governed directly by British officials. In 1819, [[Swaminarayan|Sahajanand Swami]] established the World's First [[Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad|Swaminarayan Mandir]] in [[Kalupur]], [[Ahmedabad]].

=== Independence and Post-Independence Period ===
After [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], which included the former princely states on the [[Kathiawad]] peninsula, [[Kutch]], and [[Bombay state]], which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of [[Baroda State]] and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra (Kathiawar) and parts of [[Hyderabad state]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a Marathi-speaking south. Agitation by Gujarati nationalists, the [[Mahagujarat Movement]], and Marathi nationalists, the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra]], for their own states led to the split of [[Bombay state]] on linguistic lines; on 1 May 1960, it became the new states of Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]. In [[1969 Gujarat riots|1969 riots]], at least 660 died and properties worth millions were destroyed.<ref name="Yasmeen2007">{{Cite book |last=Peer |first=Yasmeen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0J4T6Rt-90C&pg=PA103 |title=Communal Violence in Gujarat: Rethinking the Role of Communalism and Institutionalised Injustices in India |year=2007 |isbn=9780549517535 |pages=103–104 |access-date=6 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528094126/http://books.google.com/books?id=y0J4T6Rt-90C&pg=PA103 |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="LaurentChris2012">{{Cite book |last1=Gayer |first1=Lauren |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EpGLmAEACAAJ&pg=PA53 |title=Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation |last2=Jaffrelot |first2=Christophe |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231703086 |pages=53–60}}</ref>

The first capital of Gujarat was [[Ahmedabad]]. The capital of Gujarat was moved to [[Gandhinagar]] in 1970. ''[[Nav Nirman]] Andolan'' was a socio-political movement of 1974. It was a students' and [[middle class]] people's movement against economic crisis and corruption in public life. This was the first and last successful agitation after the Independence of India that ousted an elected government.<ref name="it">{{Cite magazine |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |title=Pulse of the people |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Pulse+of+the+people/1/2727.html |url-status=live |magazine=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917002911/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Pulse+of+the+people/1/2727.html |archive-date=17 September 2012 |access-date=22 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="avk">{{Cite book |last=Krishna |first=Ananth V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC&pg=PA120 |title=India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-317-3465-0 |page=117 |access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="bs">{{Cite news |last=Dhar |first=P. N. |year=2000 |title=Excerpted from 'Indira Gandhi, the "emergency", and Indian democracy' published in ''Business Standard'' |work=Business Standard India |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://business-standard.com/india/news/the-nav-nirman-movement/80363/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809043300/https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/the-nav-nirman-movement-100021901024_1.html |archive-date=9 August 2022 |isbn=978-0-19-564899-7}}</ref>

Gujarat has emerged as an important industrial hub in India. In Western India [[Surat]] was among the strongest industrial clusters in the 1970s. Between 1971 and 1981 [[diamond cutting]] was established as industry in Surat. At the same time the production of [[artificial silk]] and a substantial [[petrochemical industry]] became a fixture in Surat.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Alf Gunvald Nilsen |title=Dispossession and Resistance in India: The River and the Rage |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2010 |isbn=9781136994326 |pages=24}}</ref>

== Administrative structure ==
'''Executive Branch''': Gujarat's executive branch is headed by the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Chief Minister]], who serves as the state's head of government. Supporting the Chief Minister are various ministers responsible for different portfolios, including finance, education, health, and more. Together, they form the executive leadership responsible for implementing government policies and programs.

'''Legislative Branch''': The legislative branch in Gujarat operates as a unicameral legislature known as the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]. This assembly is responsible for creating and passing laws that govern the state. Its members, known as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs), are elected by the people of Gujarat through periodic elections.

'''Judicial Branch''': Gujarat's judicial system is independent and follows the Indian legal framework. The highest court in the state is the [[Gujarat High Court]], located in [[Ahmedabad]]. The judiciary plays a vital role in interpreting and upholding the state's laws, ensuring justice and fairness.

'''Local Government''': Gujarat is divided into various administrative units, including [[Districts of Gujarat|districts]], [[Talukas of Gujarat|talukas]] ([[Tehsil|sub-districts]]), and [[Village|villages]]. Each of these units has its own [[local government bodies]], such as [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporations]], [[Municipalities]], and [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayats]], responsible for managing local affairs, development, and services.

'''Government Departments''': The state government operates numerous departments, each responsible for specific functions and services. These departments oversee areas such as education, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and more. They play a critical role in implementing government policies and initiatives.

'''Police Department''': The [[Gujarat Police|Gujarat Police Department]] is tasked with maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crimes, and ensuring the safety and security of the state's residents. It plays a crucial role in maintaining public safety and upholding the rule of law.

'''Revenue Department''': The Revenue Department in Gujarat manages land records, land revenue collection, and related matters. Additionally, it plays a key role in disaster management and relief efforts, especially in a state prone to natural disasters.

'''Public Services''': Gujarat provides a range of public services to its residents, including healthcare, education, public transportation, and social welfare programs. These services aim to improve the quality of life and well-being of the state's citizens.

'''Elections''': Gujarat conducts regular elections at various levels of government, including local, state, and national elections. The Election Commission of Gujarat oversees the electoral process, ensuring the integrity and fairness of elections, a fundamental aspect of democratic governance.

=== Structure ===
{| class="infobox" style="width:22em; float:RIGHT"
|+[[Administration in Gujarat|Administrative Division in Details]]
![[Divisions of Gujarat|Divisions]]
|5
|-
![[List of districts of Gujarat|Districts]]
|33
|-
![[List of cities in Gujarat by population|Cities and towns]]
|?
|-
! [[Taluks of Gujarat|Taluks (Blocks]])
|248
|-
![[Lists of villages in Gujarat|Villages]]
|?
|-
![[Panchayati raj|Panchayats]]
|14,273
|-
!Police Districts
|?
|-
!Police Stations
|?
|}
{{Administrative structure of Gujarat}}

===Divisions and Districts===
{{Further|Divisions of Gujarat|List of districts of Gujarat}}

There are 38 districts in Bihar, grouped into 9 divisions —[[Patna Division|Patna]], [[Tirhut Division|Tirhut]], [[Saran Division|Saran]], [[Darbhanga Division|Darbhanga]], [[Kosi Division|Kosi]], [[Purnia Division|Purnia]], [[Bhagalpur Division|Bhagalpur]], [[Munger Division|Munger]] and [[Magadh Division|Magadh]] —are as listed below.
[[File:Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png|thumb|280x280px|Districts of Gujarat, 2013]]
{|
|
* '''[[Central Gujarat]]'''
** [[Ahmedabad District|Ahmedabad]]
** [[Vadodara District|Vadodara]]
** [[Anand District|Anand]]
** [[Chhota Udaipur District|Chhota Udaipur]]
** [[Dahod District|Dahod]]
** [[Kheda District|Kheda]]
** [[Mahisagar District|Mahisagar]]
** [[Panchmahal District|Panchmahal]]
|
* '''[[North Gujarat]]'''
** [[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
** [[Aravalli District|Aravalli]]
** [[Banaskantha District|Banaskantha]]
** [[Mehsana District|Mehsana]]
** [[Patan District|Patan]]
** [[Sabarkantha District|Sabarkantha]]
|
* '''[[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] - [[Kutch]]'''
** [[Rajkot District|Rajkot]]
** [[Amreli District|Amreli]]
** [[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]]
** [[Botad District|Botad]]
** [[Devbhoomi Dwarka District|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
** [[Gir Somnath District|Gir Somnath]]
** [[Jamnagar District|Jamnagar]]
** [[Junagadh District|Junagadh]]
** [[Morbi District|Morbi]]
** [[Porbandar District|Porbandar]]
** [[Surendranagar District|Surendranagar]]
** [[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|
* '''[[South Gujarat]]'''
** [[Surat District|Surat]]
** [[Bharuch District|Bharuch]]
** [[Dang District, India|Dang]]
** [[Narmada District|Narmada]]
** [[Navsari District|Navsari]]
** [[Tapi District|Tapi]]
** [[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|}

===Taluks (Blocks)===
{{Main|Taluks of Gujarat}}
The Indian state of [[Gujarat]] is divided into 248 [[Taluks]].
===Urban Local Government===
{{Further|List of urban local bodies in Gujarat}}

==== Municipal Bodies ====
Gujarat is the fifth most urbanized state in [[India]], with 43.9% of its population living in urban areas as of the 2011 census, which is higher than the national average of 31.16%. The urban population in Gujarat has been growing rapidly and was estimated to be around 23 million in 2020. Gujarat has 247 Statutory Towns and 118 Census Towns, according to the 2011 census.

=== Municipal acts ===
There are three municipal acts in effect in Gujarat;
{| class="wikitable"
!Name of Act
!Area of Effect
|-
|Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949
|All Municipal Corporations in Gujarat
|-
|Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963
|All Municipalities in Gujarat
|-
|Gujarat Panchayats Act, 1993
|All Gram Panchayats and Taluka Panchayats in Gujarat
|}
Section 3 of Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, and Section 3 of Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963 create the following categories of urban areas based on their population.
{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!Population Criteria
!Type of Local Body
|-
|City
|Population more than 1,00,000
|[[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|Municipality
|Population of 20,000 or more, but less than 1,00,000
|[[Municipality]]
|-
|Notified Area
|Population of less than 20,000
|[[Notified area committee|Notified Area Committee]]
|}
Furthermore, depending on the population size, the Acts prescribe the minimum and maximum number of councillors/wards allowed within each type of local government.
{| class="wikitable"
!Minimum and Maximum number of Councillors Allowed in Municipalities in Gujarat
|-
|'''''Municipal Corporations'''''
|-
|Above 40 lakhs
|-
|Above 20 lakhs but not more than 40 lakhs
|-
|Above 10 lakhs but not more than 20 lakhs
|-
|Above 5 lakhs but not more than 10 lakhs
|-
|Above 3 lakhs but not more than 5 lakhs
|-
|Above 2 lakhs but not more than 3 lakhs
|-
|Above 1 lakh but not more than 2 lakhs
|-
|Above 50,000 but not more than 1 lakh
|-
|Above 25,000 but not more than 50,000
|-
|'''''Municipalities'''''
|-
|Population of 50,000 or more
|-
|Population of 25,000 or more but less than 50,000
|-
|Population of less than 25,000
|}
The Act mentions the following key positions as well as committees for ULBs:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Elected Officials'''
|'''Administrative Officials'''
|'''Committees'''
|-
|Councillor, Chief Councillor, Deputy Chief Councillor
|Municipal Commissioner, Controller of Municipal Finances and Accounts, Municipal Internal Auditor, Chief Municipal Engineer, Municipal Architect and Town Planner, Chief Municipal Health Officer, Municipal Law Officer, Municipal Secretary, three Additional Municipal commissioners

Such number of Joint Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Chief Municipal Engineers as the Empowered Standing Committee may, from time to time, determine,
|Empowered Standing Committee, Joint Committee, Municipal Accounts Committee, Subject Committee, Ward Committee, Wards Committee
|}

== Government ==
{{Main|Government of Gujarat}}

Like other [[States and territories of India|states in India]], the head of state of Gujarat is the [[Governor]], appointed by the [[President of India]] on the advice of the [[Government of India|central government]]. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The [[Chief Minister]] is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. [[Gandhinagar]] is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Gujarat.

The [[Gujarat High Court]], located in [[Ahmedabad]], has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Gujarat is [[bicameral]]. The [[Legislative]] houses are the [[Gujarat Vidhan Sabha]] ([[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]) and Gujarat Vidhan Parishad (Gujarat Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.

=== Legislature ===
{{main||Gujarat Legislative Assembly}}
=== Judiciary ===
{{See also|Judiciary of India}}

==== High court ====
{{See also|High courts of India}}
====City Courts====
{{Empty section}}

==See also==
*[[Administration in India]]
*[[Government of Gujarat]]
*[[Divisions of Gujarat]]
*[[Districts of Gujarat]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gujarat.nic.in/ Official government website]
* [https://nregastrep.nic.in/netnrega/homestciti.aspx?state_code=11&state_name=GUJARAT&lflag=eng Administrative divisions of Gujarat]
{{Government of India by state or territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Administration In Gujarat}}
[[Category:Government of Gujarat]]

AJH

2023-09-08T09:57:26Z

Australianartandculture: Published a captivating publication.

'''AJH''' may refer to:

* Aeroaljarafe (ICAO airline code <code>AJH</code>); see [[List of airline codes (A)]]
* [[Ajhai railway station]] (station code <code>AJH</code>) in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
* AJH Films, a British film studio founded by [[Alex Holder]]
* ''[[American Journal of Hypertension]]''

==See also==
{{canned search|ajh|aj-h|a-jh|a-j-h}}
* {{srt}}
* [[AJHS (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

Aishwarya Chavan

2023-09-08T09:54:33Z

Australianartandculture: Finished writing a new contribution.

'''Aishwarya Rajesh Chavan''' (18 October 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aishwarya Rajesh Chavan Profile |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/aishwarya-rajesh-chavan-profile-1693 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Hockey India |language=en}}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] field hockey player and member of [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women hockey team]]. She hails from Madhya Pradesh. She plays for Railway Sports Promotion Board in the domestic hockey tournaments. She plays as a forward.

== Hockey career ==
Aishwarya was part of the Madhya Pradesh team which won the 13th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2023 in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=The Bridge |title=Madhya Pradesh crowned senior women's national hockey champions |url=https://thebridge.in/hockey/madhya-pradesh-champions-senior-national-women-40027 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh women's team scripts history, wins maiden national hockey title |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-womens-team-scripts-history-wins-maiden-national-hockey-title/articleshow/98260246.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She scored the final goal in the final where they defeated Maharashtra 5–1.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chavan, Aishwarya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian female field hockey players]]

Chandan Kushwaha

2023-07-13T19:10:55Z

Australianartandculture: Just published a comprehensive article.

{{Short description|Indian Police Services officer}}
'''Chandan Kumar Kushwaha'''<ref name=prabhat/> is an [[Indian Police Services]] officer, serving in [[Bihar]]. He has previously served as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Supritendent of Police]] (SP) for Bihar's capital city [[Patna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-bihar-ips-men-show-caused-for-checking-mobile-phone-at-cm-meeting/story-32KupnlbkK8TA7iui8QYAL.html|title=Three Bihar IPS men show caused for checking mobile phone at CM meeting|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003712/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-bihar-ips-men-show-caused-for-checking-mobile-phone-at-cm-meeting/story-32KupnlbkK8TA7iui8QYAL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kushwaha was later transferred to [[Banka district]] as Supritendent of Police.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/rights-glare-on-sp/cid/1348880|title=Rights glare on SP|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180111/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/rights-glare-on-sp/cid/1348880|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/44-ips-officers-shifted-in-state/articleshow/59853217.cms|title=44 IPS officers shifted in Bihar|website=Times of India|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180111/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/44-ips-officers-shifted-in-state/articleshow/59853217.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Before being appointed as city SP of Patna, he was serving as SP for the [[Rohtas district]]. He was later shifted to Patna, replacing [[Shivdeep Lande]] as police superintendent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-chandan-kushwah-became-city-sp-of-patna-4892018-NOR.html|title=चंदन कुशवाहा पटना सेंट्रल के सिटी एसपी बने, लांडे रोहतास के एसपी होंगे|website=bhaskar.com|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803031951/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-chandan-kushwah-became-city-sp-of-patna-4892018-NOR.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, he was raised to the post of [[Home Guard (India)|Commandant of Home Guards]], as a result of which he was recalled from Banka. As per reports, in his sixteen-month service as the head of police force of Banka, he took stringent measures for reducing the level of crime in the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/banka-people-gave-farewell-to-sp-18765462.html|title=आज बांका छोड़ेंगे एसपी चंदन, उदास हुआ मन|website=jagran|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180112/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/banka-people-gave-farewell-to-sp-18765462.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-crowd-chose-to-torch-my-vehicle-bihar-minister/|title=The crowd chose to torch my vehicle: Bihar minister|website=Indian express|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=28 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728180057/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-crowd-chose-to-torch-my-vehicle-bihar-minister/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/contract-killer-with-gujarat-link-held-police-tap-conversations-between-dons/cid/1540815|title=Contract killer with Gujarat link held - Police tap conversations between dons|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113841/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/contract-killer-with-gujarat-link-held-police-tap-conversations-between-dons/cid/1540815|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also served as city SP for [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/27-ieds-recovered-ahead-of-nitish-s-visit-to-gaya/story-oPRv575CJmpHHJzXN0CfoI.html|title=27 IEDs recovered ahead of Nitish's visit to Gaya|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113844/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/27-ieds-recovered-ahead-of-nitish-s-visit-to-gaya/story-oPRv575CJmpHHJzXN0CfoI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kushwaha was investigation incharge of several high profile cases like [[2013 Bodh Gaya bombings|2013 Bodhagaya serial blasts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-worship-prayer-after-the-temple-was-opened-for-pilgrims-10547923.html|title=पूजा-अर्चना के बाद मंदिर को श्रद्धालुओं के लिए खोला गया|website=Dainik Jagran|accessdate=9 July 2023|language=Hindi|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710090742/https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-worship-prayer-after-the-temple-was-opened-for-pilgrims-10547923.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[2016 Bihar school examination scandal|2016 Bihar Toppers Scam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bihar-toppers-scam-rank-holder-in-science-stream-arrested-116080400512_1.html|title=Bihar Toppers scam: Rank holder in science stream arrested|website=Business Standard|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=21 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821143710/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bihar-toppers-scam-rank-holder-in-science-stream-arrested-116080400512_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandan Kushwaha
| order = [[Indian Police Service]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Chandan Kushwaha.jpg
| imagesize =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Commandant Home Guards (Bihar)<br/>[[File:Superintendent of Police.png|25px]] former Supritendent of Police, Banka<br/>[[File:Superintendent of Police.png|25px]]former SP [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]<br />[[File:Superintendent of Police.png|25px]]former city SP [[Patna]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| Political party =
}}

==Career==
As city SP of Banka, Kushwaha took various measures to control the crime; he prepared list of some of the top criminals, who were wanted in many offences. A total of nine such convicts, who were guilty of offences like [[Bank robbery]] and other dreaded crime were identified. Kushwaha submitted the list to incumbent [[District Magistrate]] with proposal of applying "Criminal Control Act" against those offenders.<ref name=prabhat>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/banka/1094018|website=prabhatkhabar.com|title=एसपी ने विभिन्न कांडों में संलिप्त अपराधियों की कुंडली तैयार कर डीएम को सौंपा प्रस्ताव|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180111/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/banka/1094018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, while he was serving as SP of Patna, he took the charge of operation which was launched in order to save forty people from drowning in river [[Ganga]]. The victims were travelling on boats from Sabalpur Diara to Patna and the boat in which they were travelling contained more pessengers than its capacity. As per statement given to media by Kushwaha, his team was successful in saving ten people in this incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-38623558|title=पटना: नौका हादसे में मरने वालों की संख्या 23 हुई|website=BBC|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=28 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728175021/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-38623558|url-status=live}}</ref> He also motivated his subordinate police officials to keep a tab on all the incidents which were happening around them, when he was serving as SP of Banka, in order to consistently vigil the situation for tackling of crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/banka/story-new-sp-takes-charge-in-banka-district-1229134.html|website=livehindustan|title=बांका जिले में नए एसपी ने संभाली कमान, पुराने को दी गई विदायी - Hindustan|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180127/https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/banka/story-new-sp-takes-charge-in-banka-district-1229134.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

As SP of Banka, Kushwaha also took step to keep the police department free from corruption. After airing of a sting operation conducted by a news channel, which revealed the connivance between some of the police officers and Sand Mafias of the region, he suspended some of the tainted officials and sent recommendation to higher authorities to release one of them from service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/3-cops-suspended-in-banka-after-video-shows-police-mafia-connivance/articleshow/64616186.cms|title=3 cops suspended in Banka after video shows police-mafia connivance|website=Times of India|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924172353/https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/3-cops-suspended-in-banka-after-video-shows-police-mafia-connivance/articleshow/64616186.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, Kushwaha was successful in arresting forty five students of Iqbal hostel, Patna, who were involved in [[eve teasing]] of a girl at Kali Ghat near Darbhanga house in Patna. As per media reports, the students belonging to Iqbal hostel of Patna were eve teasing a girl in front of her family, which was returning after worshipping goddess Kali near Kali Ghat. When two people who were present there, stopped them from doing so, they thrashed them and moved towards [[Patna Medical College Hospital]] (PMCH) while beating them. When some of the junior doctors of PMCH intervened to protect the victim, a mob of students from Iqbal hostel arrived there later and threw bomb on hospital's staff zone. In this bombing incident, two hospital staff were injured. On being informed, Kushwaha arrived and conducted search and seizure operation to arrest forty five convicts. The law and order was subsequently restored after deployment of police force in the disturbed area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-flirting-opposing-the-bombing-of-the-students-was-a-fiercely-violence-13576319.html|title=पटना : सरेआम की छेड़खानी, पब्लिक ने किया विरोध तो फेंके बम|website=jagran|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226191040/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-flirting-opposing-the-bombing-of-the-students-was-a-fiercely-violence-13576319.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/police-arrests-fifty-five-student-of-patna-university-from-iqbal-hostel-865644.html|title=बमबाजी के बाद पुलिस ने मारी रेड तो हॉस्टल से मिले चाकू, बम और हॉकी स्टिक|website=News18|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709175920/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/police-arrests-fifty-five-student-of-patna-university-from-iqbal-hostel-865644.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, Patna Police under him took action against Bihar state president of [[Samajwadi Party]], Ramchandar Prasad Yadav for fraudulently grabbing money from a person in name of offering him ticket of the party for contesting in elections. In the same year, when Kushwaha was serving as Deputy Commissioner of Police, an arrest notice was also issued against [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] [[Member of Legislative Assembly]], Surendra Yadav in a case of extortion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2015/10/151004_police_to_arrest_bihar_sp_chief_dil|title=टिकट बेचने के आरोप, गिरफ़्तारी के लिए छापे|website=BBC|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106085753/http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2015/10/151004_police_to_arrest_bihar_sp_chief_dil|url-status=live}}</ref> Kushwaha also solved the "Banka Middleman case" in which a dealer of land, Sanjay Bhatt took bribe from a women in Rajaun police station area of Banka, impersonating himself as one of the relative of SP Chandan Kushwaha. In this incident, the Sub Inspector of Rajaun police station was also involved implicitly. After the victims moved to him to lodge a complaint, Kushwaha took immediate action by ordering arrest of all the culprits as SP of Banka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/banka/1204455|website=prabhatkhabar.com|title=भागलपुर के उर्दू बाजार का बिचौलिया संजय भट्ट गिरफ्तार - Prabhat Khabar|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180622/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/banka/1204455|url-status=live}}</ref> Kushwaha was also officer in-charge of extortion case related to Bihar's minister Khurshid Alam. In this incident, minister was intimidated by unidentified goons and an extortion amount of ten lakh rupee was also demanded from him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/crime/story/bihar-minister-extortion-money-unknown-miscreant-fir-lodged-450637-2017-06-11|title=बिहारः मंत्री से मांगी 10 लाख की रंगदारी, बम से उड़ाने की धमकी|website=Aajtak|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=2023-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180623/https://www.aajtak.in/crime/story/bihar-minister-extortion-money-unknown-miscreant-fir-lodged-450637-2017-06-11|url-status=live}}</ref>

As Rohtas SP in 2014, Kushwaha led a team to conduct a raid near Badhaiahbagh, around 15 km south of Sasaram to unearth the illegal stone quarrying activities being conducted therein. The team seized detonators and other explosives and arrested some of the mafias involved in it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/ammo-haul-in-quarry-belt/cid/316682|website=The Telegraph|title=Ammo haul in quarry belt|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113902/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/ammo-haul-in-quarry-belt/cid/316682|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Patna Police under him also conducted a raid near Mehndiganj, Patna with the help of Bihar State's Drug control authority to arrest the owners of a spurious drug factory, that was operating there for long.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/cops-unearth-fake-medicine-factory/cid/1379011|title=Cops unearth fake-medicine factory|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113846/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/cops-unearth-fake-medicine-factory/cid/1379011|url-status=live}}</ref> Kushwaha was also one of the member of Special Investigation Team, which was probing "[[2016 Bihar school examination scandal|Bihar's Topper Scam]]", in which the accused named Bachha Rai was found guilty of taking money for enhancement of marks in Higher Secondary level school examination of the state education board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/toppers-wrote-papers-at-night/articleshow/53547164.cms|title=Toppers wrote papers at night'|website=Times of India|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809182116/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Toppers-wrote-papers-at-night/articleshow/53547164.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/schools-of-scandal-we-left-papers-blank-in-exam-hall-wrote-at-night/|title=Schools of scandal: ‘We left papers blank in exam hall, wrote at night’|website=Indian express|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808192658/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/schools-of-scandal-we-left-papers-blank-in-exam-hall-wrote-at-night/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, [[Pappu Yadav]], a former legislator from [[Purnia]] called a bandh (strike) over alleged beating and death of a student named Siku Raj by [[Border Security Force]] personnels and state police officials. The [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)|Jan Adhikar Party]] workers turned violent at many places and Yadav himself led a mob of over hundred people accompanied by former union minister [[Nagmani]] to surround Dak Bangla Square in Patna. In order to control the angry mob Kushwaha detained Yadav and Nagmani along with their supporters for twenty four hours until the situation became normal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pappu-yadav-detained-while-enforcing-bihar-bandh/articleshow/48035611.cms|title=Pappu Yadav detained while enforcing bandh |website=Economic Times|accessdate=9 July 2023}}</ref> He was also a part of "Operation Viswas", an operation of Patna Police launched to arrest habitual criminals in domain of various organised crime within twenty four hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-MAT-latest-patan-news-121006-3245420-NOR.html|title=
24 घंटे में एनआरआई सहित 34 अपराधियों की गिरफ्तारी|website=Bhaskar|accessdate=9 July 2023}}</ref>
===Arrest of Anant Singh===
In 2015, in connection with a criminal case, [[Janata Dal (United)]] [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] [[Anant Singh]] was arrested; during his arrest, he was giving interview to media outlets at the entrance of Secretariat in Patna. In the meantime, Kushwaha arrived as city SP and asked Singh to avoid talking to media. However, Singh continued to do so, in response to this, Kushwaha grabbed him forcefully and tried to drag him inside the Police Station. Singh also became adamant and both men started pushing and shoving each other in presence of Police force and media. After arrival of Senior Supritendent of Police Vikas Vaibhav, the situation was controlled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/news/bihar/article1-story-484419.html|website=livehindustan.com|title=गिरफ्तारी के बाद थाने में जदयू विधायक अनंत सिंह व सिटी एसपी भिड़े|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190441/https://www.livehindustan.com/news/bihar/article1-story-484419.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-ssp-transferred-following-arrest-of-alleged-anant-singh-gang-members-5031594-PHO.html|title=बिहारः जेडीयू MLA अनंत सिंह पर SSP ने लगाया हत्या-अपहरण का आरोप|website=Bhaskar|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=3 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103030308/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-ssp-transferred-following-arrest-of-alleged-anant-singh-gang-members-5031594-PHO.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After arrest of Anant Singh, who was arrested for a kidnapping case, a team of Patna police led by ASP Vivekananda and Kushwaha also arrested Kartik Singh, one of the aide of Singh from [[The Mall, Patna|Central Mall]] located in Frazer road, Patna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/nawada-kartik-singh-arrested-from-central-mall-patna-12525291.html|title=बाहुबली विधायक अनंत सिंह का करीबी कार्तिक सिंह गिरफ्तार|website=Jagran|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114095748/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/nawada-kartik-singh-arrested-from-central-mall-patna-12525291.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/492063|website=prabhatkhabar.com|title=पटना सेंट्रल मॉल में छापा अनंत सिंह का करीबी कार्तिकेय गिरफ्तार|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190847/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/492063|url-status=live}}</ref> As per media reports, after arrest of MLA Anant Singh, his supporters and private bodyguards arrived at Police Station; while supporters started chanting slogans against Singh's arrest and against Patna police, the bodyguards confronted police and protested against arrest. Reportedly, Kushwaha gave them stringent warning and allowed Police to use lathis to disperse the supporters of Singh.<ref>{{cite web
|website=prabhatkhabar.com
|title=कसा शिकंजा: विधायक अनंत सिंह गिरफ्तार, 14 दिनों की न्यायिक हिरासत में भेजे गये
|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/489092
|accessdate=8 July 2023
|archive-date=8 July 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190441/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/489092
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

===Bihar Liquor Prohibition===
In 2017, after [[Government of Bihar]] brought prohibition law against consumption of alcohol, Kushwaha was engaged in stringent implementation of the dry law in his domain of Banka district. He took resort to speedy trial and swift action to solve the cases of liquor consumption expeditiously.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/02/liquor-ban-in-bihar-8-people-get-5-years-in-jail-just-21-days-after-being-held-for-drinking-1716969.html|title=Liquor ban in Bihar: 8 people get 5 years in jail just 21 days after being held for drinking|website=new indian express|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429142925/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/02/liquor-ban-in-bihar-8-people-get-5-years-in-jail-just-21-days-after-being-held-for-drinking-1716969.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/8-get-5-years-ri-for-liquor-offences/cid/1370131|title=8 get 5 years' RI for liquor offences|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=9 July 2023}}</ref>

===Anti Naxalite operation===
In 2015, Rohtas police conducted an Anti [[Naxalite]] operation in Kaimur hills with the help of [[Central Reserve Police Force]], when Kushwaha was Supritendent of Police for Rohtas. In this operation, four Naxalites, who belonged to "Ajay Rajbhar faction" were arrested. In a press statement, Kushwaha also revealed to the media that police has recovered 3.15 bore rifles, 13 single-barrel guns, a pistol, 80 cartridges of .315 bore and 12 bore, two sacks of gunpowder and 55 batteries used in making improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in this operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/joint-raid-nets-rebels-firearms-seized-two-day-operation-to-track-red-faction/cid/1543093|title=Joint raid nets rebels, firearms seized - Two-day operation to track red faction|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113825/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/joint-raid-nets-rebels-firearms-seized-two-day-operation-to-track-red-faction/cid/1543093|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-BHAG-naxalite-caught-in-camoor-ghati-4871962-NOR.html|title=कैमूर घाटी में नक्सली ठिकाना ध्वस्त, अत्याधुनिक हथियारों का जखीरा बरामद|website=Bhaskar|accessdate=8 July 2023|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805133555/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-BHAG-naxalite-caught-in-camoor-ghati-4871962-NOR.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===2013 Bodhgaya serial blasts===
Kushwaha was serving as city SP for Gaya, when in 2013, [[2013 Bodh Gaya bombings|Bodhagaya serial blasts]] happened. Though no group assumed the responsibility of this terrorist incident, in which two monks were wounded and holy shrines of Budhhism, located in Bodhagaya were targeted by small explosive devices, investigation unveiled that the attack were a response to violence against Mulslims in neighbouring [[Myanmar]] by [[Buddhism|Budhhist]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/nmecMRyytQhOtwQ0pYjI2L/Bombers-targeted-giant-Buddha-idol-in-Bodh-Gaya-police.html|title=Bombers targeted giant Buddha idol in Bodh Gaya: police|website=livemint|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313190332/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nmecMRyytQhOtwQ0pYjI2L/Bombers-targeted-giant-Buddha-idol-in-Bodh-Gaya-police.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Kushwaha and District Development Officer Giridhar Dyal released the CCTV footage of the incident, in a bid to help [[National Investigation Agency]] study the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bodh-gaya-serial-blasts-cctv-footage-released/article4894716.ece|title=Bodh Gaya serial blasts: CCTV footage released|website=The Hindu|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=15 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115005742/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bodh-gaya-serial-blasts-cctv-footage-released/article4894716.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, on the basis of footage, Police was successful in arresting Vinod Mistri, a person suspect of blasts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bodh-gaya-blasts-1-held-hunt-on-for-2-seen-on-cctv-camera/story-SAzlvhcxGZRjFjPzF9nasJ.html|title=Bodh Gaya blasts: 1 held, hunt on for 2 seen on CCTV camera|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709183407/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bodh-gaya-blasts-1-held-hunt-on-for-2-seen-on-cctv-camera/story-SAzlvhcxGZRjFjPzF9nasJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more suspects were arrested later from Patna in connection with the incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/bodhgaya-mahabodhi-temple-blasts-suspects-detained-169633-2013-07-08|title=One arrested, five detained for serial blasts in Bodhgaya|website=India Today|accessdate=9 July 2023|archive-date=2023-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709183418/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/bodhgaya-mahabodhi-temple-blasts-suspects-detained-169633-2013-07-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bijaya Kumar Maurya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]

Sitaram Yechuri

2023-05-29T10:13:34Z

Australianartandculture: Contributed new content.

#REDIRECT [[Sitaram Yechury]]

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

2023-01-13T16:50:16Z

Australianartandculture: Just published an informative work.

#REDIRECT [[Periyar]]

{{Redirect category shell|1=
{{R from move}}
{{R from longer title}}
}}

RLV-TD

2022-12-24T09:37:23Z

Australianartandculture: Wrote an inspiring article.

{{short description|Reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator}}
{{Merge to|RLV Technology Demonstration Programme|discuss=Talk:RLV-TD#Request for merger with RLV Technology Programme}}
{{Infobox rocket
|name = RLV-TD
|image = RLV-TD HEX01, TDV being hoisted.jpg
|caption = Technology Development Vehicle (TDV) for RLV Technology Demonstration Programme at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
|function = Technology demonstration vehicle
|manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
|country-origin = India
|height = ~{{convert|16|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="MVD">{{Cite web|title = Modeling &Control of Launch Vehicles|url = http://www.sc.iitb.ac.in/~pdsc2014/MVD_talk.pdf|website = www.sc.iitb.ac.in}}</ref>
|alt-height = Length: {{convert|6.5|m|abbr=on}} (Orbiter)
|diameter = {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="MVD"/>
|mass = 12 tonnes (Orbiter 1.75 tonnes)<ref name="Presentation">{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/T25O2kOeVcOL2vRfml0baK/Isros-small-steps-towards-developing-its-own-reusable-rocke.html |title=Tuesday, December 22, Isro's small steps towards developing its own reusable rocket [Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)] program |work=LIVE MINT, IN |access-date=2015-12-23 }}</ref>
|alt-mass =
|stages = 2<ref name="MVD"/>
|status = Testing prototypes<ref name="FinalTouches2015">{{cite news |title=Navigation satellite system by March|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/navigation-satellite-system-by-march/article7821248.ece}}</ref>
|first = 01:30 UTC, 23 May 2016 <ref name='HEXlaunched'>{{cite news |title=India's First-Ever Indigenous Space Shuttle RLV-TD Launched Successfully|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-all-set-to-launch-its-own-space-shuttle-today-1408943}}</ref>
|sites = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
}}
'''RLV-TD''' or '''Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator''' is India's first [[uncrewed spacecraft|uncrewed]] flying [[testbed]] developed for the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)'s [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme|Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstration Programme]] started in 2012. It is a scaled down [[prototype]] of an eventual [[two-stage-to-orbit]] (TSTO) [[reusable launch vehicle]].

The RLV-TD successfully completed its first atmospheric [[test flight]] on 23 May 2016, which lasted for 770 seconds and reached a maximum altitude of {{convert|65|km}}. It was designed to evaluate various technologies, and development of the final version is expected to take 10 to 15 years.<ref name="ISRO successfully launches Indias first ever indigenous space shuttle">{{cite news|title=ISRO successfully launches Indias first ever indigenous space shuttle|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-successfully-launches-indias-first-ever-indigenous-space-shuttle/articleshow/52393846.cms}}</ref>
Landing experiment (RLV-LEX) from a height of 4.5 kms was successfully completed on 2 April 2023.<ref name="isro.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission (RLV LEX) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Reusable_launch_vehicle_autonomous_landing_mission.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
The fully developed RLV is expected to take off vertically like a [[rocket]], deploy a [[satellite]] in [[orbit]], return to Earth, and land on a [[runway]].<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch">{{cite news|title=India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch|publisher=spaceflightnow.com|access-date=24 May 2016|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/05/23/india-flies-winged-space-plane-on-experimental-suborbital-launch/}}</ref>

==Development history==
RLV-TD was developed by [[ISRO]] under the [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme]]. The Technology Demonstration Programme consists of development of [[hypersonic speed|hypersonic]] [[rocket]] with [[air-breathing engine]]s and the [[reusable launch vehicle]].<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested">{{cite news|title=India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully}}</ref><ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/> The RLV-TD is being designed and built at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Its navigational equipment was supplied by the ISRO Inertial Systems Unit in Thiruvananthapuram and ISRO's Satellite Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. The RLV-TD's landing gear is supplied by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

===Engines===
In January 2006, ISRO completed the design, development and tests of [[Scramjet]] ([[Ramjet|supersonic ramjet]]) at its [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. During the ground tests, stable supersonic combustion with an inlet [[Mach number]] 6 was demonstrated for 7 seconds.

On 3 March 2010, ISRO successfully conducted the [[flight test]] of its new sounding rocket ATV-D01 from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]]. ATV-D01 weighed 3 tonnes at lift-off and was the heaviest sounding rocket ever developed by ISRO at the time. It was mounted with a passive [[Scramjet]] engine. The [[rocket]] flew for 7 seconds, achieved [[Mach number]] 6 + 0.5 and dynamic pressure 80 + 35 [[kPa]].<ref name="Flight testing of advanced sounding rocket">{{cite news|title=Flight testing of advanced sounding rocket|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-mar-2010/successful-flight-testing-of-advanced-sounding-rocket}}</ref>

===Reusable launch vehicle===
[[File:RLV-TD HEX01 at First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SDSC SHAR) before launch 03.jpg|thumb|253x253px|RLV-TD HEX01|left]]
In January 2012, the design of [[ISRO]]'s [[reusable launch vehicle]] was approved by the "National Review Committee" and clearance was granted to build the vehicle. The vehicle was named "Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator" (RLV-TD).<ref name="Launch vehicle approved">{{cite news|title=Launch vehicle approved|publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-isro-s-design-of-reusable-launch-vehicle-approved-1633779}}</ref> ISRO aims to bring down the cost of [[payload]] delivery to [[low Earth orbit]] by 80% from existing $20,000/kg to $4,000/kg.<ref name="Make In India Gets Wings With Successful Launch Of Swadeshi Space Shuttle">{{cite news|title=Make In India Gets Wings With Successful Launch Of Swadeshi Space Shuttle|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/make-in-india-gets-wings-with-successful-launch-of-swadeshi-space-shuttle/856065}}</ref><ref name="India Just Launched A Mini Space Shuttle">{{cite news| title=India Just Launched A Mini Space Shuttle|publisher=sciencealert.com|access-date=24 May 2016| url=http://www.sciencealert.com/india-just-launched-a-mini-space-shuttle}}</ref><ref name="Breakthrough in Supersonic combustion technology">{{cite news|title=Breakthrough in Supersonic combustion technology|publisher=[[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/2006/79-press-release-articles/631-isro-supersonic-combustion-tech}}</ref>

The RLV-TD was developed with an objective to test various aspects such as [[hypersonic flight]], [[autoland]], powered [[cruise flight]], hypersonic flight using the [[air-breathing engine]] [[propulsion]] and "Hypersonic Experiment". A series of four RLV-TD test flights are planned by ISRO:<ref name="Launch vehicle approved"/><ref name="Demonstration program">{{cite news|title=Demonstration program|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/technology-development-programmes/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstration-program-rlv-td}}</ref><ref name="Low cost access">{{cite news|title=Low cost access|publisher=bharat-rakshak.com|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/media/33219-5/IMG_0024.JPG}}</ref> HEX (Hypersonic Flight Experiment), LEX (Landing Experiment), REX (Return Flight Experiment), and SPEX (Scramjet Propulsion Experiment).

A team of 750 engineers at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, [[National Aeronautical Laboratory]], and [[Indian Institute of Science]] worked on the design and development of RLV-TD and the associated rocket. RLV-TD underwent 120 hours of [[wind tunnel]], 5,000 hours of [[computational fluid dynamics]] and 1,100 runs of [[flight simulation]] tests. RLV-TD has mass of 1.75 tonnes, [[wingspan]] of 3.6 meters and overall length of 6.5 meters (excluding the rocket). The vehicle had 600 heat-resistant tiles on its undercarriage and it features [[delta wing]]s and angled [[Vertical stabilizer|tail fins]].<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/><ref name="ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle What Happened And What Next">{{cite news|title=ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle What Happened And What Next|publisher=thewire.in|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://thewire.in/2016/05/24/isros-reusable-launch-vehicle-what-happened-and-what-next-38312/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525122822/http://thewire.in/2016/05/24/isros-reusable-launch-vehicle-what-happened-and-what-next-38312/|archive-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> Total cost of the project was {{INRConvert|95|c|1|no|to=USD|year=2016}}.<ref name="VSSC to find new skies">{{cite news|title=VSSC to find new skies|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/VSSC-to-find-new-skies-through-RLV-TD-launch/2016/05/18/article3438189.ece}}</ref><ref name="India's own space shuttle launched successfully">{{cite news|title=India's own space shuttle launched successfully|publisher=[[The Hindustan Times]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-s-very-own-space-shuttle-launched-successfully-by-isro/story-53k4Yr6sdfxzj7BS9vEUSO.html}}</ref> Future planned developments include testing an air-breathing propulsion system, which aims to capitalise on the oxygen in the atmosphere instead of liquefied oxygen while in flight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/56310/indian-space-research-organization-rlv-air-breathing-propulsion-system/|title=ISRO to Test Rocket That Uses Oxygen Directly from the Atmosphere to Fuel Itself|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref>

==Hypersonic Flight Experiment==
[[File:Launch of RLV-TD HEX01 from First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SDSC SHAR) 03.jpg|thumb|250x250px|HEX01 maiden launch from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad]] on 23 May 2016]]
{{main|Hypersonic Flight Experiment}}
The [[Hypersonic Flight Experiment]] (HEX), first of the five test flights was conducted on 23 May 2016. The [[sub-orbital spaceflight|Sub-orbital]] test flight was launched at 07:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (01:30 [[GMT]]) from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]] ({{convert|80|km}} north of [[Chennai]]). The test flight lasted for 773.6 seconds,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yadav|first1=Sandeep|last2=Jayakumar|first2=M.|last3=Nizin|first3=Aziya|last4=Kesavabrahmaji|first4=K.|last5=Shyam Mohan|first5=N.|title=Final Phase Flight Performance and Touchdown Time Assessment of TDV in RLV-TD HEX-01 Mission|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-017-0403-9|journal=Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C|language=en|volume=98|issue=6|pages=679–688|doi=10.1007/s40032-017-0403-9|s2cid=115904439|issn=2250-0553}}</ref> reached maximum altitude of {{convert|65|km}}, [[atmospheric entry]] speed of Mach 5 and covered a distance of {{convert|450|km}} [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]], steered itself to an on-target splashdown to land ([[ditching|ditch]]) at a designated spot in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Not designed to float, the vehicle disintegrated on impact with water and was not recovered.<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested"/>

RLV-TD was launched mounted on top of a [[Single-stage-to-orbit|single stage]] [[solid fuel]] [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] (HS9 booster), derived from [[strap-on booster]]s flown on India's [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]. Once the booster consumed its [[solid fuel|solid]] [[propellant]] in 91 seconds, the RLV-TD separated and peaked to a sub-orbital altitude of about {{convert|65|km}}. The [[heat shield]], [[Guidance system|guidance]], [[navigation]] and [[Aircraft flight control system|control]] [[algorithm]]s were tested by accurately steering the vehicle during the [[hypersonic speed]] [[Descent (aeronautics)|descent]] phase. During this phase, the test vehicle was programmed to pitch its nose up, exposing silica tiles on its underside and [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] nose cap to the [[airflow]] into the thick lower layers of the atmosphere. The RLV-TD's [[thermal protection system]] enabled the vehicle to endure high temperatures of descent through the atmosphere.

All stages of the test flight were tracked by ground station at the launch site and a shipborne terminal. All the mission objectives were met and technologies like [[Proximity operations|autonomous navigation]], [[Guidance system|guidance]] and [[Aircraft flight control system|control]], reusable [[thermal protection system]] and descent mission management were successfully validated.<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested"/><ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/>

== Landing experiment ==
{{Main|RLV-LEX}}
On 2 April 2023, ISRO successfully conducted the [[Landing Experiment (LEX)|Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission]] (RLV-LEX) at the [[Chitradurga Aeronautical Test Range|Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga]], Karnataka. The RLV took off at 07:10 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] by a [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter of the [[Indian Air Force]] as an underslung load and flew to an altitude of 4.5 km. Once the predetermined parameters were attained the RLV was released in mid-air at a down range of 4.6 km. The release of RLV was autonomous after which it performed approach and landing maneuvers using the Integrated Navigation Guidance & Control system and completed an autonomous landing on the ATR airstrip at 07:40 IST.<ref name="isro.gov.in"/>

==Future developments==
In other experiments, ISRO intends to carry out an orbital re-entry experiment ('''OREX''') and a Scramjet Propulsion Experiment ('''SPEX''') using a reusable carrier vehicle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/like-space-x-isro-too-working-on-reusable-rocket-stages/articleshow/62825904.cms|title=Like Space X, Isro too working on reusable rocket stages - Times of India |work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ISRO to test reusable launch vehicle soon |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/aug/10/isro-to-test-reusable-launch-vehicle-soon-1855699.html |access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref> ISRO Chief K. Sivan stated that the agency had many experiments planned for the RLV-TD, but would only focus on them from 2019, as it was occupied with other missions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isro plans orbital re-entry test for re-usable vehicle - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-plans-orbital-re-entry-test-for-re-usable-vehicle/articleshow/63863869.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 June 2018}}</ref>

==Timeline==
* '''HEX''' ([[Hypersonic Flight Experiment]]): Completed on 23 May 2016.<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD), Successfully Flight Tested]. 23 May 2016. ISRO.</ref>
* '''LEX''' ([[RLV-LEX|Landing Experiment]]): Completed on 2 April 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2019/jan/p201911802.pdf|title=Department of Space presentation on 18 Jan 2019|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="AstrotalkUK">{{Cite web |title=Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S Somanath and R Umamaheshwaran |url=https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/ |access-date=October 30, 2019 |publisher=AstrotalkUK}}</ref>
* '''OREX''' (Orbital Return Flight Experiment): [[TBA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|title=Message from Chairman's desk - ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-03|quote=We have commenced the next phase of Reusable Launch Vehicle technology development towards an Orbital Recovery Experiment.}}</ref>
* '''SPEX''' (Scramjet Propulsion Experiment): [[TBA]]

==See also==

* ''[[Gaganyaan]]'', a planned crewed orbital spacecraft by India
*[[Avatar (spacecraft)]]
{{Portal bar|India|Spaceflight|Technology|Space}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==

*[https://www.isro.gov.in/technology-development-programmes/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstration-program-rlv-td Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstration Program (RLV-TD)]
*[https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/rlv-td RLV-TD HEX01]

{{Reusable launch systems}}
{{Indian space programme}}

[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Indian Space Research Organisation]]
[[Category:Science and technology in India]]

Kanwal Singh Bakshi

2022-11-13T16:13:57Z

Australianartandculture: Name as used in article and reliable sources

#REDIRECT [[Kanwaljit Singh Bakshi]]

{{R from move}}

News 18

2022-06-28T04:14:31Z

Australianartandculture: better target

#REDIRECT [[Network18 Group#Digital and publishing divisions]]

Historical rankings of prime ministers of India

2022-01-12T21:22:39Z

Australianartandculture: Authored a new article.

#REDIRECT[[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership]]

Manoj Sharma

2021-05-29T03:55:33Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox musical artist
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'''Manoj Sagathavalli Srinivas''' also known as '''Manoj Sharma''' is a South Indian playback singer and voice over artist who predominantly works in Kannada film industry. He had worked with musicians such as Arjun Janya and other popular music directors. Sharma is currently working as the voice of Viacom 18 colors Kannada cinema channel.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet the multi-faceted singer and voice-over artist Manoj Sharma - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/meet-the-multi-faceted-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma/articleshow/82576204.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet Versatile Singer and Voice-Over Artist, Manoj Sharma|url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/meet-versatile-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma-1518822.html|date=5 February 2020|website=LatestLY}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Nischith NNischith N. / Updated:|last1=Sep 15|last2=2017|first3=17:29|last3=Ist|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Bengaluru: Medico student turns Sandalwood singer|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/bengaluru-medico-student-turns-sandalwood-singer/articleshow/60515625.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Kannada|last1=Times|access-date=2021-05-28|title=The Voice Of Trust In Singing: Manoj Sharma|url=https://kannadatimes.com/voice-trust-singing-manoj-sharma/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Instagram|manoj_sharmaah}}
*{{Facebook|ssmanoj1996}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11355140}}

Manoj Sharma

2021-05-28T15:36:38Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox musical artist
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| name = Manoj Sharma
| honorific_suffix =
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| birth_place = India
| origin =
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| occupation = Playback singer and voice over artist
| instrument =
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| associated_acts = Arjun Janya
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'''Manoj Sagathavalli Srinivas''' also known as '''Manoj Sharma''' is a South Indian playback singer and voice over artist who predominantly works in Kannada film industry. He had worked with musicians such as Arjun Janya and other popular music directors. Sharma is currently working as the voice of Viacom 18 colors Kannada cinema channel.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet the multi-faceted singer and voice-over artist Manoj Sharma - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/meet-the-multi-faceted-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma/articleshow/82576204.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet Versatile Singer and Voice-Over Artist, Manoj Sharma|url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/meet-versatile-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma-1518822.html|date=5 February 2020|website=LatestLY}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Nischith NNischith N. / Updated:|last1=Sep 15|last2=2017|first3=17:29|last3=Ist|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Bengaluru: Medico student turns Sandalwood singer|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/bengaluru-medico-student-turns-sandalwood-singer/articleshow/60515625.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Kannada|last1=Times|access-date=2021-05-28|title=The Voice Of Trust In Singing: Manoj Sharma|url=https://kannadatimes.com/voice-trust-singing-manoj-sharma/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Instagram|manoj_sharmaah}}
*{{Facebook|ssmanoj1996}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11355140}}

Manoj Sharma

2021-05-28T15:35:13Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox musical artist | honorific_prefix = | name = Manoj Sharma | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_upright = | image_size = | land..."

{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Manoj Sharma
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = 
| alias =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = India
| origin =
| genre =
| occupation = Playback singer and voice over artist
| instrument =
| years_active = 
| label =
| associated_acts = Arjun Janya
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}
'''Manoj Sagathavalli Srinivas''' also known as '''Manoj Sharma''' is a South Indian playback singer and voice over artist who predominantly works in Kannada film industry. He had worked with musicians such as Arjun Janya and other popular music directors. Sharma is currently working as the voice of Viacom 18 colors Kannada cinema channel.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet the multi-faceted singer and voice-over artist Manoj Sharma - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/meet-the-multi-faceted-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma/articleshow/82576204.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Meet Versatile Singer and Voice-Over Artist, Manoj Sharma|url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/meet-versatile-singer-and-voice-over-artist-manoj-sharma-1518822.html|date=5 February 2020|website=LatestLY}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Nischith NNischith N. / Updated:|last1=Sep 15|last2=2017|first3=17:29|last3=Ist|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Bengaluru: Medico student turns Sandalwood singer|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/bengaluru-medico-student-turns-sandalwood-singer/articleshow/60515625.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Instagram|manoj_sharmaah}}
*{{Facebook|ssmanoj1996}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11355140}}

Template:Infobox cricketer/national side

2021-04-21T12:51:50Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{#if:{{{country<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} |{{#if:{{{female|}}} |{{#switch: {{{country}}} | England = England | Irela..."

{{#if:{{{country<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}
|{{#if:{{{female|}}}
|{{#switch: {{{country}}}
| England = [[England women's cricket team|England]]
| Ireland = [[Ireland women's cricket team|Ireland]]
| West Indies = [[West Indies women's cricket team|West Indies]]
| Young England = [[Young England women's cricket team|Young England]]
| International XI = [[International XI women's cricket team|International XI]]
| #default= [[{{{country}}} women's national cricket team|{{{country}}}]]
}}
|{{#switch: {{{country}}}
| England = [[England cricket team|England]]
| Ireland = [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]]
| West Indies = [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]]
| Jersey = [[Jersey cricket team|Jersey]]
| Guernsey = [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
| Isle of Man = [[Isle of Man cricket team|Isle of Man]]
| East Africa = [[East Africa cricket team|East Africa]]
| West Africa = [[West Africa cricket team|West Africa]]
| Africa XI = [[Africa XI cricket team|Africa XI]]
| Asia XI = [[List of Asian XI ODI cricketers|Asia XI]]
| World XI = [[World XI (cricket)|World XI]]
| #default= [[{{{country}}} national cricket team|{{{country}}}]]
}}
}}
}}<noinclude>
{{documentation|content=
This subtemplate is used to generate the national side team link for {{tl|infobox cricketer}}, it should not be used directly.
}}</noinclude>

Template:SindhPA

2021-04-21T12:50:40Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{#switch:{{uc:{{{1|}}}}} | PPP = 98 | PTI = 30 | MQM = 21 | GDA = 14 | TLP = 3 | MMA = 1 | VACANCY = {{#invoke:string|replace|<small>(1 vacant)</small>|%(0 vacant%)||plain=fa..."

{{#switch:{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}
| PPP = 98
| PTI = 30
| MQM = 21
| GDA = 14
| TLP = 3
| MMA = 1
| VACANCY = {{#invoke:string|replace|<small>(1 vacant)</small>|%(0 vacant%)||plain=false}}
}}<noinclude>{{documentation|content=
This data template provides the number of seats held by each political party in the [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh]].

== Usage ==
* {{tld|SindhPA|Party Abbreviation}} → Number of seats

== Examples ==
* {{tld|SindhPA|PPP}} → {{SindhPA|PPP}}
* {{tld|SindhPA|PTI}} → {{SindhPA|PTI}}
* {{tld|SindhPA|MQM}} → {{SindhPA|MQM}}

== See also ==
* {{tl|PakNA}}
* {{tl|PakKP}}
* {{tl|PakSen}}
* {{tl|PunjabPA}}

[[Category:Pakistan templates]]
}}</noinclude>

Template:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan/meta/color

2021-04-21T12:49:51Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "<nowiki>#006400</nowiki>"

Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan

2021-04-21T12:48:29Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Short description|Far-right Islamist party in Pakistan}} {{Infobox political party | name = Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan | native_name = کالعدم تحریک لبیک پا..."

{{Short description|Far-right Islamist party in Pakistan}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan
| native_name = کالعدم تحریک لبیک پاکستان
| native_name_lang = ur
| predecessor = Khadim Hussain Rizvi
| abbreviation = TLP
| colorcode = {{Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan/meta/color}}
| logo = Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan logo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| leader1_title = Ameer
| leader1_name = [[Saad Hussain Rizvi]]
| founder = [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]]
| founded = 1 August 2015
| banned = 15 April 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Imran Gabol {{!}} Shakeel Qarar {{!}} Imtiaz|date=2021-04-14|title=Government has decided to ban TLP, says interior minister|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618186|access-date=2021-04-14|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Govt decides to ban TLP under anti-terror law|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/345260-govt-decides-to-ban-tlp-under-terror-law|access-date=2021-04-14|website=www.geo.tv|language=en}}</ref>
| headquarters = Lahore
| youth_wing =
| membership_year = 2017
| membership =
| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[Islamism]]
|[[Persecution of Ahmadis|Anti-Ahmadi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430925|title='We will not bow to extremists': Govt hits back after vicious campaign targets Atif Mian|last=Dawn.com|date=4 September 2018}}</ref>}}
| position = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/14/pakistan-to-ban-far-right-religious-party-after-violent-protest|title=Pakistan ‘to ban’ far-right religious party after deadly protests|first=Asad|last=Hashim|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref name="eaf"/><ref name="bljz">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/indepth/features/tehreek-labbaik-campaigns-blasphemy-180705154014562.html|title=Tehreek-e-Labbaik: New far right campaigns against 'blasphemy'|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>
| national =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] (specifically, [[Barelvi]])
| seats1_title = [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Sindh Assembly]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|{{SindhPA|TLP}}|168|{{Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan/meta/color}}}}
| colors =
| website = {{URL|http://tlyp.org.pk}}
| symbol = Crane <br />[[Image:Crane Machine Symbol.svg|100px]]
| flag =
| country = Pakistan
| footnotes =
| seats2_title = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|342|#004000}}
}}
'''Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan''' ''({{Lang-ur|تحریک لبیک پاکستان|lit="I am present Pakistan" movement}}; abbr. '''TLP''')'' is a [[far-right]] Islamist political party in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/27/pakistani-law-minister-quits-zahid-hamid|title=Pakistani law minister quits after weeks of anti-blasphemy protests|last=Abbas|first=Nosheen|last2=Rasmussen|first2=Sune Engel|date=27 November 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="eaf">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/|title=Democracy between military might and the ultra-right in Pakistan|last=Yousaf|first=Farooq|date=27 December 2017|website=East Asia Forum|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref> The party was founded by [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nation.com.pk/04-Nov-2017/tehreek-labik-to-hold-islamabad-long-march | title=Tehreek Labik to hold Islamabad long march | website=nation.com.pk | access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan was banned on 15 April 2021 by the [[Government of Pakistan]] under the Anti-Terrorism Act 1997 Rule 11.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TLP banned: What does it mean?|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/345461-tlp-banned-what-does-it-mean|access-date=2021-04-15|website=www.geo.tv|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan to ban radical Islamist party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP)|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-to-ban-radical-islamist-party-tehreek-e-labbaik-pakistan-tlp20210414215741/|access-date=2021-04-15|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> It is the organiser of the ongoing [[2020–2021 Pakistani protests|2021 Pakistani protests]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashim|first=Asad|title=Pakistan temporarily blocks social media over potential protests|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/16/pakistan-temporarily-blocks-social-media-amid-anti-france-rallies|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

The TLP is known for its countrywide street power and massive protests in opposition to any change to [[Blasphemy law in Pakistan|Pakistan's blasphemy law]].<ref name="bljz"/> The party came into existence, and subsequently rose to fame, after the hanging of [[Mumtaz Qadri]], a convicted murderer, which the political party states was unjustifiable. It demands that [[Sharia law]] be established as the fundamental law in [[Pakistan]], through a gradual legal and political process.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://labbaik.pk/ | title=Tehreek E Labaik Pakistan | website=labbaik.pk | access-date=10 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110185110/http://labbaik.pk/ | archive-date=2017-11-10 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of the party's members belong to the [[Barelvi]] school of Islamic thought.

==History==
Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan was formed on 1 August 2015 by Allama [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]] and banned by the Government of Pakistan on 15th April 2021.

The TLP was allotted the crane as its election symbol in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Iftikhar A.|date=2017-10-01|title=Election symbol allotted to Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1361164|access-date=2021-04-14|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

==Khatm e Nabuwat Bill controversy==
{{Main|2017 Faizabad sit-in}}

In October 2017, the [[government of Pakistan]] controversially changed the language in its 2017 elections bill. The Islamic Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan and its leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi strongly opposed the new language, and demanded the resignation of Pakistan's [[Minister for Law and Justice (Pakistan)|Minister for Law and Justice]] [[Zahid Hamid]], who had changed the law.

TLP held a large protest against the controversial amendment, stopping traffic at the [[Faizabad Interchange]] at first, which then led to further protests across the country. The party led a three-week [[sit-in]] protest that paralyzed the entire country including Pakistan's capital, [[Islamabad]]. At least six protesters were killed and 200 were injured when police unsuccessfully tried to disperse the sit-in, the protest had already spread out nationwide.<ref name=":0" />

Minister Zahid Hamid had to finally resign.

== Acquittal and release of Asia Bibi ==
{{Further|Asia Bibi blasphemy case}}
Following the acquittal of [[Asia Bibi]] (formally, Asia Noreen), a [[Pakistani Christian]] who was charged with blasphemy and kept in solitary confinement for eight years until found innocent on 31 October 2018,<ref name="Aqeel2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/october/asia-bibi-free-pakistan-blasphemy-death-supreme-court.html|title=Pakistan Frees Asia Bibi from Blasphemy Death Sentence|date=31 October 2018|publisher=Christianity Today|language=en|access-date=31 October 2018|author=Asif Aqeel}}</ref> Tehreek-e-Labbaik party members held protests across Pakistan that included "blocking roads but not damaging the infrastructure".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/pakistan-thousands-protest-blasphemy-acquittal-ignore-pm-call-181101140852399.html|title=Pakistan: Thousands protest blasphemy acquittal, ignore PM's call|author=Asad Hashim|date=1 November 2018|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="DW2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/asia-bibis-blasphemy-verdict-islamists-protest-across-pakistan/a-46101210|title=Asia Bibi′s blasphemy verdict: Islamists protest across Pakistan|date=31 October 2018|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en|access-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> Muhammad Afzal Qadri, a TLP co-founder, also called for the death of the three Supreme Court justices involved in hearing Bibi's appeal, stating "The Chief Justice and two others deserve to be killed ... Either their security guards, their drivers, or their chefs should kill them."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistani-islamists-are-on-the-boil-over-acquittal-of-asia-bibi/articleshow/66463406.cms|title=Pakistani Islamists are on the boil over acquittal of Asia Bibi|author=Omer Farooq Khan |date=1 November 2018|publisher=[[Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>

On 2 November 2018, the [[Government of Pakistan]] under the administration of [[Imran Khan]] and the Tehreek-e-Labbaik political party, which encouraged the protests against Asia Bibi, came into an agreement that barred Asia Bibi from leaving the country, in addition to releasing Tehreek-e-Labbaik protesters who were under arrest.<ref name="N182018">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/hardliners-to-call-off-protests-over-acquittal-of-asia-bibi-after-pm-imran-khans-govt-bars-her-from-leaving-pakistan-1928561.html|title=Asia Bibi Barred From Leaving Pakistan as Imran Khan Govt Strikes Deal With Islamist Protesters|date=2 November 2018|publisher=[[News 18]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Farmer2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/02/christian-woman-cleared-blasphemy-barred-leaving-pakistan/|title=Christian woman cleared of blasphemy barred from leaving Pakistan|date=2 November 2018|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="RP2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.gov.pk/02-11-2018/successful-negotiations-between-tehreek-e-labbaik-and-govt|title=Govt & Tehreek-e-Labbaik reach agreement to end protests|date=2 November 2018|publisher=Radio Pakistan|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="AhmadMasood2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/02/world/asia/pakistan-blasphemy-asia-bibi.html|title=Pakistan Makes Concessions to Protesters in Blasphemy Case|date=2 November 2018|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> The deal includes expediting a motion in the court to place Asia Noreen on Pakistan's [[No Fly List#No fly lists in other countries|no fly list]], known officially as the [[Exit Control List]] (ECL).<ref name="Farmer2018"/> Due to pressure from Tehreek-e-Labbaik, Pakistani authorities hadn't released Asia Noreen until the "Supreme Court makes a final review of its verdict" as "Ghulam Mustafa, the lawyer representing a provincial cleric in Punjab who had filed the initial blasphemy charges against Bibi, petitioned the Supreme Court requesting that the judges review her acquittal."<ref name="Karim2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/asia-bibi-christian-pakistan-blasphemy-barred-from-leaving-acquittal/|title=Pakistan delays release of Christian woman after blasphemy acquittal|date=2 November 2018|publisher=[[CBN News]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>

This agreement between the Government of Pakistan and Tehreek-e-Labbaik has led to "allegations [that] the government was capitulating to extremists".<ref name="2018BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46080067|title=Asia Bibi: Deal to end Pakistan protests over blasphemy case|date=2 November 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> Pakistani Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry responded to these allegations, saying that "We had two options: either to use force, and when you use force people can be killed. That is not something a state should do... We tried negotiations and (in) negotiations you take something and you leave something."<ref name="2018BBC"/> Asia Noreen's lawyer Saif-ul-Mulook called the agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the Islamists "painful", stating that "They cannot even implement an order of the country's highest court".<ref name="Mulook2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46082324|title=Asia Bibi: Lawyer flees Pakistan in fear of his life
|date=3 November 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> Feeling that his life was threatened, Mulook fled to Europe in order "to stay alive as I still have to fight the legal battle for Asia Bibi."<ref name="Mulook2018"/> British Pakistani Christian Association chairman Wilson Chowdhry stated that “I am not surprised that Imran Khan's regime has caved in to extremists”.<ref name="Stubley2018">{{cite web|author=Peter Stubley|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/asia-bibi-pakistan-government-deal-islamist-extremist-protests-blasphemy-supreme-court-a8616011.html|title=Asia Bibi: Pakistan government stops Christian woman leaving country after 'caving in' to hardline Islamists|date=3 November 2018|publisher=[[The Independent]]|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018|quote=Under the terms of the deal made on Friday night, prime minister Imran Khan’s administration said it would begin legal proceedings to place Asia Bibi on the “exit control list” (ECL). ... “I am not surprised that Imran Khan’s regime has caved in to extremists,” said Wilson Chowdhry, chair of the British Pakistani Christian Association.}}</ref> [[Jemima Goldsmith]], an ex-wife of [[Imran Khan]], similarly "said that Pakistan's government caved in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving the country", opining "Not the Naya Pakistan we'd hoped for. 3 days after a defiant & brave speech defending the judiciary, Pakistan's gov caves in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving Pak, after she was acquitted of blasphemy- effectively signing her death warrant."<ref name="Goldsmith2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/389575-jemima-says-pakistans-govt-caves-in-to-extremist-demands-to-bar-asia-bibi-from-leaving|title=Jemima says Pakistan’s govt caves in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving|date=4 November 2018|publisher=[[The International News]]|language=en|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

On 7 November 2018, Asia Bibi was released from New Jail for Women in [[Multan]], flown to [[PAF Base Nur Khan]], from whence she then departed the country on a charter plane, to the [[Netherlands]].<ref name="Zulqernain2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/asia-bibi-released-from-jail-to-be-shifted-to-the-netherlands-report/1417421|date=7 November 2018|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|title=Asia Bibi released from jail, to be shifted to the Netherlands|language=en|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> Hafiz Shahbaz Attari of the Islamist political party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP), upon hearing the news, said that TLP members would gather in [[Islamabad]] and [[Rawalpindi]] to try and prevent the departure of Asia Bibi to the Netherlands.<ref name="Zulqernain2018"/>

==Party leaders' arrest==
On 23 November 2018, after approval of Federal Cabinet, provincial police carried out an operation and arrested the Chief of TLP along with some 50 members of his party to defunct the TLP's call for a public rally in [[Liaqat National Bagh|Rawalpindi's Liaquat Bagh]] planned for November 25, 2018, following which protests spread out and situation deteriorated. [[Fawad Chaudhry|Pakistan's Federal Minister for Information and Broadcasting]] confirms the arrest as a protective custody.<ref>{{cite news|title= TLP Chief Khadim Hussain Rizvi taken into 'protective custody', information minister announces|url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1447217 |access-date=24 November 2018|work= Reporters - Dawn (newspaper) |date=23 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mian Abrar |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/11/23/crackdown-against-tlp-begins-several-arrested/ |title= Khadim Rizvi among other TLP leaders arrested |publisher=Pakistan Today|date= 23 November 2018 |access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref>Along with media blackout, TLP faced social media and websites bans during the crack down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1443541|title=Khadim Hussain Rizvi's Twitter account suspended|last=Dawn.com|date=2018-11-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref> The TLP leaders Khadim Hussain Rizvi, Pir Afzal Qadri, Inayat Haq Shah, Hafiz Farooqul Hassan were booked on charges of sedition and terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=2018-12-01|title=TLP leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi booked under sedition, terrorism charges: information minister|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1448807|access-date=2021-04-14|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

On 12 April 2021, Allama Khadim Hussain Rizvi’s son, Hafiz Saad Hussain Rizvi was arrested by police while he was coming back from a funeral prayer prior to a planned protest by the party on 20th April, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police detain TLP chief Saad Hussain Rizvi over protest plan {{!}} SAMAA|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/lahore-police-arrest-tlp-chief-saad-hussain-rizvi/|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Samaa TV|language=en-US}}</ref> The planned protest's motive was to pressure the [[Government of Pakistan]] to deport the French ambassador in Pakistan over the controversy of cartoons of Mohammad. Over the 3 days long protest in the country, French embassy asked it's citizens to temporarily leave the country. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-15|title=French embassy advises citizens to leave Pakistan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210415-french-embassy-advises-citizens-to-leave-pakistan|access-date=2021-04-15|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref>

On 14 April 2021, the party was banned, which came after [[2021 Pakistani protests|violent protests]] that caused the deaths of 2 policemen and left 340 injured, in retaliation to the arrest of the new ameer. The interior minister stated that the Punjab government had requested for the ban and the summary after being approved from the federal cabinet resulted in the ban on TLP under the [[Anti-Terrorism Act 1997]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Imran Gabol {{!}} Shakeel Qarar {{!}} Imtiaz|date=2021-04-14|title=Government has decided to ban TLP under anti-terror law, says interior minister|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618186|access-date=2021-04-14|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

During protests on 18 April 2021 outside the TLP office in Saddar area of Lahore near [[Multan Road]], a police team tried removing the members, leading to clashes and eleven police officers being injured. Protesters also attacked the police station in Nawan Kot, taking 11 policemen as hostages and torturing them. They were released on the next day after talks with the federal government. The protesters also stole an oil tanker.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Jahangeer Akram|date=2021-04-19|title=Two TLP supporters killed in clash with Lahore police|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/two-tlp-supporters-killed-in-clash-with-lahore-police/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Samaa TV|language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==

=== Extrajudicial killings ===

In March of 2019, a third year student at Bahawalpur's Government Sadiq Egerton College, Khateeb Hussain, stabbed associate professor Khalid Hameed in a fatal encounter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1470814|title=Bahawalpur student stabs professor to death over 'anti-Islam' remarks|first=Mohammad Imran ||last=AFP|date=March 20, 2019|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref> Khateeb Hussain was in contact with Zafar Gillani, a lawyer and senior member of the TLP prior to the murder, and obtained approval for the act over [[Whatsapp]]. The supposed motive for the killing was blasphemous and insulting rhetoric towards Islam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/tlp-leader-arrested-for-forcing-student-to-murder-professor-in-bahawalpur/|title=TLP leader arrested for ‘forcing student to murder professor’ in Bahawalpur|date=March 28, 2019|website=Daily Pakistan Global}}</ref><ref>https://tlyp.org.pk/news/index.php/0302202091/</ref>

In 2018, Sareer Ahmed, the principal of Islamia College in [[Charsadda]], was murdered by a 17-year old student who he had reprimanded for missing a number of classes. According to reports circulating on media channels, the student accused the professor of engaging in "blasphemy" for reprimanding him for skipping class to attend rallies held by the TLP. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-blasphemy-idUSKBN1FB2PG|title=Pakistani principal shot dead by student over blasphemy dispute|first=Saad|last=Sayeed|date=January 23, 2018|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> However, it could not be verified whether the professor has engaged in blasphemy or not. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1384652|title=Principal shot dead by student in Charsadda|first=Faiz|last=Muhammad|date=January 23, 2018|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

=== Support for blasphemy-related attacks outside Pakistan ===
In 2018, when the Dutch politician [[Geert Wilders]] announced that he is planning to hold a contest to draw caricatures of the [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]], there were large protests in Pakistan against it. It was in this context that TLP leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi declared in front of media that he would order nuclear bomb strikes on the Netherlands to destroy the entire country and "wipe them off the map" just for the cartoons of a few Dutch citizens if he was given the chance to or if he became Pakistan's leader.<ref>{{Cite web |work=EurAsian Times |date=2018-07-10 |title=Why is Pakistan Threatening Nuclear Attack on Holland of all the Places?|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/pakistan-nuclear-attack-holland/ |access-date=2020-11-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is quoted to have said at a press conference in Karachi "If they give me the atom bomb I would remove Holland from the face of the earth before they can hold a competition of caricatures… I will wipe them off the face of this earth."<ref>{{Cite news |author=Shailaja Neelakantan |title=Pakistan: Give me atom bomb, I'll wipe out Holland: Pakistan's rising Islamist politician Khadim Hussain Rizvi |newspaper=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/give-me-atom-bomb-ill-wipe-out-holland-pakistans-rising-islamist-politician-khadim-hussain-rizvi/articleshow/64930191.cms |access-date=2020-11-01 |language=en}}</ref> Eventually Geert Wilders cancelled his proposed cartoon contest citing fears of security risks.

In late October 2020, just after the [[Murder of Samuel Paty|killing of French schoolteacher Samuel Paty]] in a suburb of [[Paris]] by an 18-year old Chechen refugee, TLP published an article on their official website where they commended the killing, labelling the killer as a "[[Shahid|Shaheed]]" and "[[Mujahideen|Mujahid]]" as well as posting a photo of the bloodied severed head of Samuel Paty in the same article on which the killer initially posted to Twitter just after the killing. The post was deleted by Twitter soon afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 October 2020|title=Mujahid Abdullah Beheaded Samuel Paty for Blasphemy|url=https://tlyp.org.pk/en/mujahid-abdullah-beheaded-samuel-paty-for-blasphemy/|access-date=1 November 2020|website=Tehreek-e-Labbaik}}</ref>

=== Political influence ===

TLP has notably held protests against actions by the government deemed unjust and against the teachings of Islam.

In 2018, world renowned Princeton economist, [[Atif Mian]] was initially chosen as a member of an [[Economic Advisory Council (Pakistan)|Economic Advisory Council]] formed by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] to provide assistance on issues of economics and finance.<ref name=ref1>{{citation|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430355|date=September 1, 2018|title=PM Khan forms 18-member Economic Advisory Council}}</ref> Since his appointment, the government faced criticism from groups opposed to government representation for religious minorities, prominently by the TLP under the guidance of Rizvi. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/364299-imran-khan-govt-in-the-ye-of-the-storm|title=Atif R. Mian's appointment: Moment of truth for Imran Khan|work=The News|date=5 September 2018}}</ref> because of Atif's affiliation with the [[Ahmadiyya]] faith.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430925|title='We will not bow to extremists': Govt hits back after vicious campaign targets Atif Mian|date=4 September 2018|work=Dawn}}</ref> He was removed from the Economic Advisory Council on 7 September 2018<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhry |first1=Dawn.com |title=Under pressure govt backtracks on Atif Mian's appointment; removes economist from advisory council |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1431495 |access-date=7 September 2018 |work=DAWN.COM |date=7 September 2018}}</ref> and afterwards council members [[Asim Ijaz Khwaja]] and [[Imran Rasul]] resigned in protest.<ref>{{cite news |title=EAC loses one more Ivy League professor after Atif Mian |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/365268-after-atif-mian-eac-loses-one-more-ivy-league-professor |access-date=7 September 2018 |work=The News |date=7 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Asim Ijaz Khawaja, leading international economist quits Pakistan EAC as protest |url=https://timesofislamabad.com/07-Sep-2018/dr-asim-ijaz-khawaja-leading-international-economist-quits-pakistan-eac-as-protest |access-date=8 September 2018 |work=Times of Islamabad |date=7 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1798271/1-imran-rasul-resigns-eac-protest-atif-mians-removal/|title=Imran Rasul resigns from EAC in solidarity with Atif Mian|date=8 September 2018|publisher=The Express Tribune}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Barelvi political parties]]
[[Category:Sunni Islamic movements]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Islamist groups]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2015]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Blasphemy law in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan]]
[[Category:Banned Islamist parties]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Pakistan]]

Imran Khan

2021-04-21T12:47:25Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = His Excellency | name = Imran Khan | honorific-suffix = {{small|HI Pride of Performance|..."

{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| name = Imran Khan
| honorific-suffix = {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI]] [[Pride of Performance|PP]]}}
| native_name = {{small|{{Nastaliq|عمران خان}}}}
| native_name_lang = Urdu
| image = File:-UNGA (48784380531) (cropped).jpg
| office = 22nd [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
| president = [[Mamnoon Hussain]]<br />[[Arif Alvi]]
| term_start = 18 August 2018
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Nasirul Mulk]] ([[Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan|Acting]])
| successor =
| office1 = Chairman of the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| deputy1 = [[Shah Mehmood Qureshi]]
| term_start1 = 25 April 1996
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Position established
| successor1 =
| office2 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 13 August 2018
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Obaidullah Shadikhel]]
| successor2 =
| constituency2 = [[NA-95 (Mianwali-I)]]
| majority2 = 113,523 (44.89%)
| term_start3 = 19 June 2013
| term_end3 = 31 May 2018
| predecessor3 = [[Hanif Abbasi]]
| successor3 = [[Sheikh Rashid Shafique]]
| constituency3 = [[Constituency NA-56|NA-56 (Rawalpindi-VII)]]
| majority3 = 13,268 (8.28%)
| term_start4 = 10 October 2002
| term_end4 = 3 November 2007
| predecessor4 = Constituency established
| successor4 = Nawabzada Malik Amad Khan
| constituency4 = [[Constituency NA-71|NA-71 (Mianwali-I)]]
| majority4 = 6,204 (4.49%)
| office5 = Chancellor of the [[University of Bradford]]
| term_start5 = 7 December 2005
| term_end5 = 7 December 2014
| predecessor5 = [[Betty Lockwood, Baroness Lockwood|The Baroness Lockwood]]
| successor5 = [[Kate Swann]]
| birth_name = Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1952|10|5}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[West Punjab]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
| residence = [[Islamabad]], [[Islamabad Capital Territory]], [[Pakistan]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| parents = Ikramullah Khan Niazi (father)

Shaukat Khanum (mother)
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jemima Goldsmith]]|1995|2004|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|[[Reham Khan]]|2015|2015|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|[[Bushra Bibi]]|2018}}
| partner = Emma Sergeant (1982–1986)<br>Sita White (1987–1991){{sfn|Hutchins|Midgley|2015}}{{sfn|Morgan|2012}}<br>[[Kristiane Backer]] (1992–1994)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/former-german-mtv-host-promotes-islam-with-new-autobiography/a-4461534|title=Former German MTV host promotes Islam with new autobiography | DW | 07.07.2009|website=DW.COM}}</ref>
| children = 3
| education = [[Keble College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| net_worth = {{PKRConvert|1.4|b}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1339843 |title=Sharif, Imran's net worth sees decline - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=16 June 2017 |accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref>
| awards = [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (1992)<br>[[Pride of Performance]] (1983)
| signature = Imran Khan signature.svg
| nickname = Kaptaan<ref>[https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/449844-Kaptaan-Khans-slog-from-sports-icon-to-Pakistans-likely-new-leader. "Kaptaan Khan's slog from sports icon to Pakistan's likely new leader"], Dunya News. Retrieved on 3 August 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/imran-khan-forever-the-kaptaan/article24520284.ece "Imran Khan: Forever the Kaptaan"], The Hindu. Retrieved on 3 August 2018</ref>
| website = {{url|pmo.gov.pk|Official website}}
| module = {{Infobox cricketer
|embed = yes
|country = Pakistan
|height = 1.88 m<ref>Tim McGirk (15 April 1995), [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/imrans-dangerous-new-game-1615722.html "IMRAN'S DANGEROUS NEW GAME"], ''[[The Independent]]''. 27 August 2018.</ref>
|batting = Right-handed batsman
|bowling = Right-arm fast
|role = [[All-rounder]]
|international = true
|testdebutdate = 3 June
|testdebutyear = 1971
|testdebutagainst = England
|testcap = 88
|lasttestdate = 2 January
|lasttestyear = 1992
|lasttestagainst = Sri Lanka
|odidebutdate = 31 August
|odidebutyear = 1974
|odidebutagainst = England
|odicap = 175
|lastodidate = 25 March
|lastodiyear = 1992
|lastodiagainst = England
|odishirt =
|columns = 4
|column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
|matches1 = 88
|runs1 = 3,807
|bat avg1 = 37.69
|100s/50s1 = 6/18
|top score1 = 136
|deliveries1 = 19,458
|wickets1 = 362
|bowl avg1 = 22.81
|fivefor1 = 23
|tenfor1 = 6
|best bowling1 = 8/58
|catches/stumpings1 = 28/–
|column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
|matches2 = 175
|runs2 = 3,709
|bat avg2 = 33.41
|100s/50s2 = 1/19
|top score2 = 102[[not out|*]]
|deliveries2 = 7,461
|wickets2 = 182
|bowl avg2 = 26.61
|fivefor2 = 1
|tenfor2 = 0
|best bowling2 = 6/14
|catches/stumpings2 = 36/–
|column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
|matches3 = 382
|runs3 = 17,771
|bat avg3 = 36.79
|100s/50s3 = 30/93
|top score3 = 170
|deliveries3 = 65,224
|wickets3 = 1287
|bowl avg3 = 22.32
|fivefor3 = 70
|tenfor3 = 13
|best bowling3 = 8/34
|catches/stumpings3 = 117/–
|column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
|matches4 = 425
|runs4 = 10,100
|bat avg4 = 33.22
|100s/50s4 = 5/66
|top score4 = 114[[not out|*]]
|deliveries4 = 19,122
|wickets4 = 507
|bowl avg4 = 22.31
|fivefor4 = 6
|tenfor4 = 0
|best bowling4 = 6/14
|catches/stumpings4 = 84/–
|date = 5 November
|year = 2014
|source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/40560.html ESPNCricinfo}}
| termstart2 = 13 August 2018
| height =
}}
'''Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi''' ({{lang-ur|عمران احمد خان نیازی}}) (born 5 October 1952)<ref>{{cite news|title=#HappyBirthdayIK: PTI Chairman Imran Khan turns 62|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1136414/happybirthdayik-pti-chairman-imran-khan-turns-62|accessdate=14 August 2016|work=DAWN.COM|publisher=Dawn|date=5 October 2014|ref=Dawn/DOB|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407065014/https://www.dawn.com/news/1136414/happybirthdayik-pti-chairman-imran-khan-turns-62|archivedate=7 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> is a [[Pakistan]]i politician. He is the 22nd and current [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. Before entering politics Khan was a cricketer and played for international [[cricket]] for two decades in the late 20th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/40560.html |title=Imran Khan |accessdate=2009-10-06 |last= |first= |format= |work= |publisher=ESPN |pages= |quote= }}</ref>

Khan became a [[politician]] in the mid-1990s. Currently, besides running his own [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|political party]], Khan is also a [[charity (practice)|charity]] worker and cricket commentator. He made his political party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in 1996. He made a cancer hospital, Shaukat Khanum, in memory of his mother who also died of cancer.

On [[Pakistani general election, 2018|July 26, 2018]], Khan was elected Prime Minister despite many people accusing Khan's campaign of [[rigging]] the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44965868|title=Pakistan election: Imran Khan claims victory amid rigging claims|publisher=BBC|date=27 July 2018|accessdate=27 July 2018}}</ref> Khan took oath as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] on 18 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/354676-imran-khan-to-take-oath-as-pm-of-pakistan-on-august-18|title=Imran Khan to take oath as PM of Pakistan on August 18|publisher=The News International|date=13 August 2018|accessdate=14 August 2018}}</ref>

==Cricket career==
Khan started his career as a first-class cricketer in Lahore in 1968. During his studies at the [[University of Oxford]], he also played for their Blue's Cricket team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.vn/20131004013646/http://web.archive.org/web/20070929104812/http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt1999wk5/News/the_interview:_anything_he_khan't_do%3F|title="THE INTERVIEW: ANYTHING HE KHAN'T DO?"|publisher=}}</ref>
In 1971, he played his first international test match for Pakistan against England.<ref name=sk>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/cricket/imran-khan-debut-in-international-cricket|title=Imran Khan's debut in International cricket|first=Akshaj|last=Kuchibhotla|publisher=}}</ref> In 1974, he played his first One-day international against England.<ref name=sk/>

Khan also became the second fastest all-rounder to reach the mark of 3000 runs and 300 wickets. He also has the second best batting average in test cricket at position 6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/221606.html|title=Best averages by batting position|date=11 October 2005|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

Khan became the captain of Pakistan side in 1982, becoming one of the most successful captains with 91 wins in tests and ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004215755/http://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/S/sports.htm|title=OPF|date=4 October 2007|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{sports-bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Imran}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Current national leaders]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricketers]]
[[Category:Pakistani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Pakistan]]

Murder of Samuel Paty

2021-04-21T12:45:17Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{short description|Islamist terror attack in France, 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{EngvarB|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox civilian attack | title =..."

{{short description|Islamist terror attack in France, 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Murder of Samuel Paty
| partof = [[Islamic terrorism in Europe]]
| image = 2020-10-21 12-05-53 rassemblement-Belfort.jpg
| caption = Memorial to Paty at demonstration outside the [[Town hall|Hôtel de ville]] of [[Belfort]], 21 October 2020
| location = [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], Yvelines, France
| date = {{start date|df=yes|2020|10|16}}
| time = 17:00
| timezone = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| type = [[Decapitation]]
| fatalities = 2 (including the perpetrator)
| victim =
| weapon = Cleaver
| perpetrator = Abdoullakh Anzorov
| motive = [[Jihadism]], [[Islamic extremism]]
}}
The '''murder of Samuel Paty''' ({{IPA-fr|samɥɛl pati}}), a French [[Secondary education in France#Collège|middle-school]] teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], a suburb of [[Paris]]. Paty was killed and [[Decapitation|beheaded]] by an [[Islamist terrorist]].

Paty had, in a class on [[freedom of expression]], shown his students ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]''<nowiki/>'s 2012 [[Charlie Hebdo#2012 cartoons depicting Muhammad|cartoons]] depicting the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Reuters Paone2">{{cite web|author=Anthony Paone|date=16 October 2020|title=For a teacher in France, a civics class was followed by a gruesome death|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/france-security-school-parents-idINKBN27201Z|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017220940/https://www.reuters.com/article/france-security-school-parents-idINKBN27201Z|archive-date=17 October 2020|access-date=17 October 2020|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref name="AP News22">{{cite web|author=Elaine Ganley|date=17 October 2020|title=French leader decries terrorist beheading of teacher|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-teacher-decapitated-eragny-f1ecd575344d171ff8fc8c33c5320f0c|access-date=17 October 2020|work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="auto11">{{cite web|author=Kim Willsher|date=17 October 2020|title=Teacher decapitated in Paris named as Samuel Paty, 47|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/teacher-decapitated-in-paris-named-as-samuel-paty-47|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017221709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/teacher-decapitated-in-paris-named-as-samuel-paty-47|archive-date=17 October 2020|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> One of the cartoons portrayed Muhammad naked with his genitals exposed.<ref name="Wall Street Journal">{{cite news|title=Demonstrations Pay Homage to French Teacher Beheaded After Lesson on Charlie Hebdo|publisher=[[Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-officials-identify-chechen-man-as-suspect-in-teacher-beheading-11602938009|quote=According to a copy of the lesson plan described by Mr. Ricard, Mr. Paty showed the class two cartoons. One depicted a man on his hands and knees, with his genitals exposed and a star covering part of his backside. The cartoon’s caption read: “Muhammad, a star is born,” Mr. Ricard said.}}</ref> The cartoons having been protested by many Muslims in the past, Paty preemptively permitted his students to avert their eyes or leave the room while they were displayed.<ref name="offensive-cartoons2">{{cite web|year=2020|title=French Teacher's Killer Contacted Parent Angry Over Prophet Caricatures: Report|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/french-teacher-samuel-patys-killer-contacted-parent-angry-over-prophet-caricatures-report-2313131|access-date=1 November 2020}} Some muslim reactions to cartoons.</ref>

The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an 18-year-old Russian Muslim refugee of [[Chechens|Chechen]] ethnicity, killed and beheaded Paty with a cleaver, and was shot and killed by the police minutes later. A social media campaign against Paty was linked to his subsequent murder.<ref name=":022">{{Cite news|date=22 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Seven charged over Samuel Paty's killing|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54632353|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref>

Ten people have been charged with assisting the killer, including an imam, a parent of a student, and two students at Paty's school.<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":19" />

[[President of France|French president]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack", and that "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech". The murder was one of several [[List of terrorist incidents in France#21st century|attacks in France]] in recent years and the second terrorist attack in France during the [[January 2015 Île-de-France attacks#2020 trial|2020 trial]], at which alleged accomplices to the [[January 2015 Île-de-France attacks]] were to be arraigned for terrorism targeting the cartoons' publishers.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=22 October 2020|title=France teacher's killer had 'contact' with jihadist in Syria|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201022-france-teacher-s-killer-had-contact-with-jihadist-in-syria|access-date=10 November 2020|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> The Paty incident sparked debate in French society and [[Politics of France|politics]]. Many Muslims expressed offence at the cartoons, which were also the subject of the previous [[Charlie Hebdo shooting]].<ref name="Protests2">{{cite web|year=2020|title=Muslim-majority countries protest, condemn France over Muhammad cartoons|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-protests-mideast-asia-1.5778227|access-date=1 November 2020}} Muslim countries protest.</ref> The president of the [[French Council of the Muslim Faith]] condemned the murder, as did [[imam]]s of several [[mosque]]s.<ref name="LM-2020-10-19" /> Several Muslim-majority countries, including Turkey, Iran, Jordan and Kuwait and leaders as well as the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] denounced the attack and condemned the publication of the cartoons.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=26 October 2020|title=France urges end to boycott of French goods as Macron defends Muhammad cartoons|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/26/france-islamic-end-boycott-french-goods-macron-muhammad-cartoons|access-date=2 November 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The response of the French government was criticized by many Muslims,<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim groups urge Macron end 'divisive rhetoric, reject hatred'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/1/muslim-group-calls-on-macron-to-end-assault-on-islam-muslims}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France's Emmanuel Macron seeks to calm tensions with Muslims|url=https://www.dw.com/en/frances-emmanuel-macron-seeks-to-calm-tensions-with-muslims/a-55461749|quote=[Macron's] comments prompted a wave of protests and criticism from the Muslim world. }}</ref> including [[President of Turkey|Turkish president]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]; some of whom called for a boycott of French goods.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|date=25 October 2020|title=France recalls Turkey envoy after Erdogan says Macron needs 'mental check'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54678826|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{see also|Islamic terrorism#France}}

=== Victim ===
Samuel Paty ({{IPA-fr|samɥɛl pati}}) was born on 18 September 1973 in [[Moulins, Allier]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Societe/Samuel-Paty-martyr-de-la-Republique-1709586|title=Samuel Paty, martyr de la République|first=Paris|last=Match|website=parismatch.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/justice-faits-divers/samuel-paty-la-ville-natale-de-l-enseignant-lui-rend-hommage-7800910440|title=Samuel Paty : la ville natale de l'enseignant lui rend hommage|website=RTL.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdjan|first=Tahrim|date=18 October 2020|title=Onthoofde docent Samuel Paty (1973–2020) zocht juist altijd de nuance op|url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b11393cd|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Het Parool|language=nl-NL}}</ref> He attended Théodore de Banville High School,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/allier/moulins/samuel-paty-moulins-hommage-eleves-son-ancien-lycee-1890312.html|title=Samuel Paty : à Moulins, l'hommage des élèves de son ancien lycée|website=France 3 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes}}</ref> [[Lumière University Lyon 2]] and the [[IUFM]], [[Lyon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/le-professeur-decapite-etait-un-ancien-etudiant-de-l-universite-lumiere-lyon-2/|title=Le professeur décapité était un ancien étudiant de l'Université Lumière Lyon 2|first=Oriane|last=Mollaret|date=17 October 2020|website=www.lyoncapitale.fr}}</ref> Paty was a [[Secondary education in France#Collège|middle-school]] teacher of history, geography, and [[civics]] who taught for five years at the Collège Bois-d'Aulne, in [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], France, a suburb {{convert|30|km|mi}} north-west of central Paris.<ref name="auto32">{{Cite web|title=France terror attack: Teacher decapitated in Paris suburb named as Samuel Paty|url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-terror-attack-47-year-old-decapitated-in-paris-suburb-named-as-teacher-samuel-paty-12105885|publisher=Sky News}}</ref><ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54581827|title=France teacher attack: Suspect 'asked pupils to point Samuel Paty out'|date=17 October 2020|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> He lived ten minutes away from the middle school, in the small town of [[Éragny, Val-d'Oise]].<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|url=https://alkhaleejtoday.co/international/5123512/Conflans-attack-who-was-Samuel-Paty-the-martyr-professor.html|title=Conflans attack: who was Samuel Paty, the martyr professor|date=18 October 2020|website=AlKhaleej Today}}</ref> He was married and had a five-year-old son.<ref name="auto9"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Teacher decapitated in Paris for showing cartoon of a nude Prophet Mohammad is pictured |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/breaking-teacher-decapitated-paris-showing-22860451 |access-date=17 October 2020 |work=Mirror |date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/17/french-police-arrest-9-18-year-old-chechen-decapitates-teacher/|title=Social media bosses summoned by French government after terrorist beheads teacher|first1=James|last1=Crisp|first2=Anna|last2=Pujol-Mazzini|date=17 October 2020|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

=== Perpetrator ===
The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, was an 18-year-old Russian immigrant of [[Chechens|Chechen]] ethnic descent, born in [[Moscow]], Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Societe/Prof-d-histoire-decapite-l-assaillant-etait-un-Russe-tchetchene-de-18-ans-ne-a-Moscou-1707848|title=Prof d'histoire décapité: l'assaillant, Abdoullakh Anzorov, était un Russe tchétchène de 18 ans|first=Paris|last=Match|website=Paris Match}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alkhaleejtoday.co/international/5120090/the-18-year-old-killer-who-was-shot-was-a-refugee.html|title=the 18-year-old killer, who was shot, was a refugee|website=Al Khaleej Today}}</ref> [[Chechnya]] is a Muslim-majority [[Republics of Russia|republic]] and [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of the [[Russian Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/suspect-in-french-teachers-beheading-was-chechen-teen-police-say|title=Suspect in French teacher's beheading was Chechen teen, police say|date=17 October 2020|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

Anzorov came to France with refugee status 12 years earlier as a six-year-old boy.<ref name="auto32" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/10/17/france-beheading-suspect-had-no-links-with-russia|title=France beheading suspect had no links with Russia|website=ewn.co.za}}</ref> He lived in the La Madeleine district of the [[Normandy]] town of [[Évreux]], about 100 km (62 miles) from the murder scene, and had no apparent connection with the teacher or the school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3105972/france-beheading-suspect-posted-claim-responsibility-and-photo|title=French teacher's attacker 'posted photo of severed head on Twitter'|date=18 October 2020|website=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref name="auto7" />

The Anzorov family came from the village of [[Shalazhi]] in Chechnya. Abdoullakh's father Abuezid moved first to Moscow, and then to Paris. Anzorov's half-sister joined [[ISIS]] in Syria in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/parents-hate-campaign-led-to-beheading-of-french-teacher-ltt3xfqw0|title=Parent's hate campaign 'led to beheading of French teacher'|first=Peter Conradi|last=Paris|work=The Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-terror-attack-france-samuel-paty-teacher-death-rallies-b1129855.html|title=France mourns decapitated teacher at rallies|date=18 October 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> In March 2020, the family had received refugee status and 10-year residency cards in France.<ref name="auto32"/><ref name="auto11"/> Abdoullakh was not noticed by security agencies, though he had previously been in court on minor misdemeanour charges.<ref>{{Cite news|last=WELT|date=17 October 2020|title=Paris: Täter lebte als Flüchtling in Frankreich|work=DIE WELT|url=https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article218069086/Paris-Taeter-lebte-als-Fluechtling-in-Frankreich.html|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto7" />

Before the attack, he was in communication with two unidentified jihadists in Syria, including a Russian-speaking one, located through their IP addresses at [[Idlib]], Syria, the last rebel stronghold of the country, under the control of the [[Tahrir al-Sham|Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham]] organization,<ref name="fig syrie">{{cite web|title=Professeur décapité : le meurtrier était en contact avec un djihadiste russophone en Syrie|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/professeur-decapite-le-meurtrier-en-contact-avec-un-djihadiste-russophone-en-syrie-20201022|author=Agence-France-Presse|website=lefigaro.fr|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> which denied responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/22/le-hayat-tahrir-al-sham-parrain-syrien-d-anzorov_1803231|title=Le Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, parrain syrien d'Anzorov ?|first=Luc|last=Mathieu|date=22 October 2020|website=Libération.fr}}</ref> He claimed responsibility for the attack just after it in an audio message in Russian in which he says he is ready to be a "''[[shahid]]''" (martyr) and that he had "avenged the prophet" upon Samuel Paty who had "shown him in an insulting manner". In a video broadcast on [[Instagram]], among others, he referred to the Islamic State.<ref>{{cite web|title=L'assassin était en contact avec un djihadiste russe|url=https://www.lematin.ch/story/lassassin-etait-en-contact-avec-un-djihadiste-russe-251586103574|website=lematin.ch|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":9"/> He said: "Brothers, pray that Allah accepts me as a martyr".<ref name=":9" />

Abdullakh Anzorov's family say they do not understand his action. His father, a night worker, "seems to have lost control of his teenager." Abdullakh Anzorov recently showed signs of radicalization. He had posted on 30 August on his [[Twitter]] account created on 8 June, "a photomontage depicting the beheading of a man". This account had been reported to the platform {{ill|PHAROS|fr}}, without resulting in targeting.<ref>https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/20/des-echanges-entre-l-un-des-peres-de-famille-et-le-terroriste_1803001</ref> On 13 September 2020, he made a Twitter thread denouncing "the infidelity of the Saudi state, of its leaders, as well as all those who support them", a belief which he based on "its participation in the founding of idols worshiped [sic] outside of Allah", referring to the [[United Nations|UN]], [[UNESCO]], [[WTO]], [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] and the [[Arab League]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oussama|date=19 October 2020|title=Attaque de Conflans: l'assaillant qui a décapité le professeur Samuel Paty aurait tweeté contre l'Arabie saoudite|url=https://www.alnas.fr/actualite/buzz/attaque-de-conflans-lassaillant-qui-a-decapite-le-professeur-samuel-paty-aurait-tweete-contre-larabie-saoudite/|access-date=19 November 2020|website=alNas.fr|language=fr}}</ref> While he was already showing signs of radicalization, Anzorov had made two requests for training from the {{ill|National Council for Private Security Activities|fr|Conseil national des activités privées de sécurité}} which had been refused "because of his involvement in acts of violence". Investigators do not know if these requests had been made to be able to access sensitive sites.<ref>https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/28/attentat-de-conflans-les-ambitions-ratees-d-anzorov-dans-la-securite-privee_1803744</ref>

Anzorov's body was repatriated from France in December 2020 and he was buried in his hometown in the [[Urus-Martanovsky District]] in Chechnya. The funeral was attended by about 200 people, some of whom shouted "[[Allahu Akbar]]."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=The Moscow|date=2020-12-07|title=Chechen Who Beheaded French Teacher Buried on Home Soil – Reports|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/12/07/chechen-who-beheaded-french-teacher-buried-on-home-soil-reports-a72252|access-date=2020-12-10|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== Events leading up to the murder ===
[[File:Charlie Hebdo Tout est pardonné.jpg|thumb|right|upright|One of the [[Charlie Hebdo]] drawings of [[Muhammad]] shown by Samuel Paty to his students.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-10-25|title=Breaking: Video that Motivated Muslim 'Refugee' in France to Behead Teacher Samuel Paty Revealed (Watch)|url=https://rairfoundation.com/breaking-video-that-motivated-muslim-refugee-in-france-to-behead-teacher-samuel-paty-revealed-watch/}}</ref>]]

Paty taught a moral and [[civic education]] course in early October 2020 on [[freedom of expression]], in accord with the French national curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Onishi|first1=Norimitsu|last2=Méheut|first2=Constant|date=17 October 2020|title=Suspect Stalked French School Before Beheading Teacher, Officials Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/17/world/europe/france-beheading-teacher-paris-suburb.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> He showed some of his teenage students a caricature of [[Muhammad]] from the satirical magazine ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' during a class discussion about freedom of speech.<ref name="Reuters Paone2"/><ref name="AP News22"/><ref name="auto11"/> Before showing the caricature, Paty had invited Muslim students to leave the classroom if they wished.<ref name="auto11"/> According to one student, he had previously shown these cartoons as part of the discussion every year since the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] in 2015.<ref name="auto102">{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Thousands rally in France in defiance and solidarity after teacher's beheading|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20201018-france-to-rally-in-solidarity-of-beheaded-teacher-in-paris-suburb|publisher=France 24}}</ref> In the largest Sunni sects of Islam, any depiction of Muhammad is considered [[blasphemous]].<ref name="Reuters Paone2"/>

According to some sources, Paty showed two cartoons to his students, one of which portrayed Muhammad naked<ref name="auto7" /> with his genitals exposed,<ref name="Wall Street Journal"/> although accounts differ on precisely what was presented in the classroom.<ref name="LeMonde2">{{Cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Attentat de Conflans : hommage national à l'enseignant assassiné et point sur l'enquête, au lendemain du drame|language=fr|work=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/10/17/attentat-de-conflans-un-hommage-national-sera-rendu-a-l-enseignant-assassine-vendredi-annonce-l-elysee_6056408_3224.html|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

Brahim Chnina,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinbuch|first=Yaron|date=20 October 2020|title=Suspect in French teacher beheading messaged parent who wanted to fire him|url=https://nypost.com/2020/10/20/suspect-in-french-teacher-beheading-messaged-parent-who-wanted-to-fire-him/|access-date=22 October 2020|website=New York Post|language=en-US}}</ref> a female student's father, accused Paty of disseminating [[pornography]] to students and filed a criminal complaint with the police.<ref name="times">{{cite news|title=Beheaded French teacher was threatened online for showing Mohammed cartoons|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/beheaded-french-teacher-was-threatened-online-for-showing-mohammed-cartoons/|quote=Ricard said the school received threats after the class in early October, which featured the controversial caricatures — one of the prophet naked — with the girl's father accusing Paty of disseminating “pornography”. The girl and her father lodged a criminal complaint against the teacher, who in turn filed a complaint of defamation, said Ricard.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 October 2020|title=Teacher decapitated in Paris named as Samuel Paty, 47|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/teacher-decapitated-in-paris-named-as-samuel-paty-47}}</ref> Paty responded by filing a complaint of defamation.<ref name="times" /> Chnina claimed on [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]] that Paty had displayed an image of Muhammad nude; he named Paty, and gave the school's address.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Enthauptung eines Lehrers: Eine Hinrichtung mit Ansage|language=de|work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/enthauptung-eines-lehrers-eine-hinrichtung-mit-ansage-17007774.html|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=French encouraged to take part in 'national cohesion' rallies following killing of teacher Samuel Paty|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/18/french-encouraged-take-part-national-cohesion-rallies-following/|work=The Daily Telegraph|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> He encouraged other parents to join him in action and mobilise against the teacher, whom he described as a thug.<ref name="auto11"/><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Causeur.fr|last2=Oukili|first2=Hala|date=1 October 2020|title=Samuel Paty, récit de la chasse à l'homme d'un hussard noir|url=https://www.causeur.fr/samuel-paty-caricatures-eragny-terrorisme-185333|access-date=17 October 2020|website=Causeur|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 October 2020|title='We are not afraid': France rallies after beheading of teacher|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/10/19/world/france-beheading-teacher/|website=Japan Times}}</ref>

The ''Grande Mosque de [[Pantin]]'' published a video on its Facebook page a week before the murder. {{ill|Abdelhakim Sefrioui|fr}}, the imam of the mosque, a member of the {{lang|fr|Conseil des imams de France}}, and an [[Islamist militants|Islamist militant]] known to French anti-terrorism police,<ref name="auto102"/><ref name="FT20-102">{{cite web|last1=Mallet|first1=Victor|title=Islamist killing prompts French crackdown on militants|url=https://www.ft.com/content/acb1b83a-ea73-45a6-b6c8-8f2635acddbc|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Financial Times}}</ref> accompanied the parent in his protest against the teacher in front of the school for showing the caricatures and demanding to meet the school's principal.<ref name="souest">{{Cite news|date=22 October 2020|title=Assassinat de Samuel Paty : que sait-on des sept suspects, dont deux mineurs, mis en examen ?|language=fr|publisher=Sud Ouest|url=https://www.sudouest.fr/2020/10/22/assassinat-de-samuel-paty-que-sait-on-des-sept-suspects-dont-deux-mineurs-mis-en-examen-7991588-6093.php|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> Sefrioui called the teacher a "thug" in a video (French: [[wikt:voyou|''voyou'']]<ref name=souest />), while denouncing the administration of the college. He demanded the teacher's exclusion from high school with the rectorate. The term "thug" had been repeatedly used by the parent Brahim Chnina earlier. The videos were taken down in the hours after the murder.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=Professeur décapité : Gérald Darmanin annonce la fermeture de la mosquée de Pantin|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/paris-ile-de-france/seine-saint-denis/professeur-decapite-gerald-darmanin-annonce-fermeture-mosquee-pantin-1886206.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=France 3 Paris Ile-de-France|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Chnina also filed a complaint with the school, and encouraged people to protest at the school.<ref name="auto7" /> A meeting was held between the head teacher, the teacher, and an official from the education authority.<ref name="auto11"/> Chnina additionally filed a legal complaint about Paty's lesson, leading the teacher to go to the local police station accompanied by the principal.<ref name="auto11"/> Paty told investigators he could not understand the complaint because Chnina's daughter was not in class on the day Paty showed the cartoon.<ref name="auto11"/>
In March 2021, Chnina's daughter, known as "Z", admitted she had been suspended from school due to truancy since the day prior to Paty showing the cartoons, and, as such, she had not been in the classroom that day. Instead, she made up the cartoon story to appease her father. According to the Paty family lawyers, however, Brahim Chnina was aware that his daughter had been expelled before the cartoon incident.<ref name="BBC Mar 21">{{cite news |title=Samuel Paty: French schoolgirl admits lying about murdered teacher |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56325254 |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=BBC |date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Mar 21">{{cite news |title=Samuel Paty murder: how a teenager's lie sparked a tragic chain of events |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/08/samuel-paty-how-a-teenagers-lie-sparked-a-tragic-chain-of-events |work=the Guardian |date=8 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Murder ==
On 16 October 2020, a week and a half after Paty's freedom-of-speech class, Anzorov, having been driven to Paty's school by an alleged accomplice, waited outside the gates and asked a number of students to point out the teacher.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Terror in the Republic: the beheading of Samuel Paty|url=https://spectator.us/terror-republic-beheading-samuel-paty/|website=Spectator USA}}</ref><ref name="auto7" /> He paid two students, aged 14 and 15, around €300 to identify Paty; the two then waited with Anzorov for two hours until they sighted Paty leaving.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|date=21 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Students 'paid €300' to identify Samuel Paty|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54625270|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> A Friday, it was the last schoolday before a two-week holiday.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2 November 2020|title=France's schools reopen with national homage to slain teacher Samuel Paty|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201102-france-s-schools-reopen-with-national-homage-to-slain-teacher|access-date=10 November 2020|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Anzorov had told them he intended to "hit" and "humiliate" Paty; according to France's chief terrorism prosecutor, [[Jean-François Ricard]], in order to "make him apologise for the cartoon of the Prophet Muhammad".<ref name=":12" />

Anzorov then followed Paty as he left the school.<ref name=":02" /><ref name="auto7" /> Using a knife {{convert|30|cm|in}} long, Anzorov killed Paty and beheaded him in a street near the school where Paty taught, at approximately 5:00 p.m.<ref name="auto7" /><ref name="auto11"/><ref name="auto22">{{Cite web|title=Conflans attack: A teacher at 'the very heart' of his profession|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/conflans-attack-teacher-very-heart-123428441.html|publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref> In addition to decapitating Paty, Anzorov inflicted a number of wounds to his head, abdomen, and upper limbs.<ref name="auto11" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Guenfoud|first=Ibtissem|date=16 October 2020|title=Suspect dead, 9 in custody following beheading of teacher in Paris suburb|url=https://abc7news.com/7079793/|website=ABC7 San Francisco}}</ref> Witnesses told police they heard the killer shout "''Allahu Akbar''" (the ''[[Takbir]]'') during the attack.<ref name="auto32"/><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Chazan|first1=David|last2=Jalil|first2=Jannat|last3=Samuel|first3=Henry|date=16 October 2020|title=Teacher beheaded in Paris suburb after showing cartoons of Prophet Mohammed to class|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/16/man-dies-stabbed-paris-suburb-police-shoot-attacker/|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

Minutes after the murder, an account named @Tchetchene_270 ({{Lang-fr|Chechen 270|links=no}}), identified by prosecutor Jean-François Ricard as belonging to Abdoullakh Anzorov, posted on Twitter an image of Paty's severed head. The photo was accompanied by the message: "[[Basmala|In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful]], ... to [[Emmanuel Macron|Macron]], leader of the [[infidel]]s, I executed one of your hellhounds who dared to belittle Muhammad, calm his fellow human beings before a harsh punishment is inflicted on you."<ref name="auto11" /><ref name="LeMonde2"/><ref name="auto42">{{Cite web|last=Chiarello|first=Sybille de La Hamaide, Thierry|date=17 October 2020|title=Teenager asked pupils to identify French teacher before beheading him|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-idUSKBN2720BE|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=French authorities detain 11 in connection with teacher's beheading|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/france-teacher-beheading-9-arrests/|website=Politico}}</ref> The image was seen by many of Paty's students.<ref name=":9"/>

Minutes later, Anzorov was confronted by police about {{Convert|600|m|yd|abbr=}} from the scene in [[Éragny, Val-d'Oise|Éragny]], near [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], and the police tried to arrest him.<ref name="auto42" /><ref name="auto32" /><ref name="auto22" /> Anzorov shot at the police with an [[air rifle]] and tried to stab them with a knife.<ref name="auto102"/> The police in response shot him nine times, killing him.<ref name="auto11" /><ref name="auto102" /> On Anzorov's phone they found a text claiming responsibility, and a photograph of Paty's body.<ref name="auto32" /><ref name="auto42" />

== French government response ==
[[File:Charlie Hebdo, No. 1057, 19 September 2012, page 16 - Muhammad cartoons.jpg|thumb|''Charlie Hebdo'', No. 1057, page 16, showing [[Charlie Hebdo#2012 cartoons depicting Muhammad|cartoons]] republished in response to violent Islamist [[Reactions to Innocence of Muslims|reactions to ''Innocence of Muslims'']] in 2012, which included the [[2012 Benghazi attack]] and the lynching of the [[US Ambassador to Libya]], [[J. Christopher Stevens]]. In 2015, the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] perpetrated the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] in retaliation, killing the magazine's cartoonists [[Charb]], [[Cabu]], [[Philippe Honoré (cartoonist)|Honoré]], [[Tignous]] and [[Georges Wolinski|Wolinski]].]]
President Macron visited the school where Paty had worked, and said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack".<ref name="AP News22"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=France: Teacher beheaded in Paris; Macron calls it 'Islamist terrorist attack'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/france-teacher-beheaded-killed-macron-islamist-terror-attack-6758335/|access-date=18 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=1 October 2020|title=Macron speaks of 'existential' fight against terrorism after teacher killed in France|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/16/french-police-shoot-man-dead-after-knife-attack-near-paris-school|access-date=18 October 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He also said: "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech".<ref>{{Cite web|title='Our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech': French president Macron over beheading of teacher|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/world/our-compatriot-was-killed-for-teaching-children-freedom-of-speech-french-president-macron-over-beheading-of-teacher|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> French [[Education Minister of France|Education Minister]] [[Jean-Michel Blanquer]] called the killing an "attack on the French nation as a whole".<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=Police detain nine people over beheading of French teacher in Paris suburb|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20201017-nine-people-detained-over-beheading-of-french-teacher-in-paris-suburb|access-date=17 October 2020|publisher=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Jean-Rémi Girard, president of the secondary school teaching union, said teachers were "devastated" but would not be cowed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=1 October 2020|title=French teachers vow to 'teach difficult subjects' after colleague's murder|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/we-will-still-teach-difficult-subjects-french-teachers-defiant-after-of-colleague|access-date=18 October 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> France's anti-terrorist prosecutor said the teacher had been "assassinated for teaching," and the attack was an assault on the principle of freedom of expression.<ref name="auto11" />

Sixteen people<ref name="BBC Fatwa2">{{cite news|date=20 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Pupil's father 'exchanged texts with killer'|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54613565}}</ref> were later taken into custody for investigation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Rallies held to support beheaded Samuel Paty|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54589241|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="auto7" /><ref name="auto62">{{Cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Suspect in teacher's beheading in France was Chechen teen|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-shootings-chechnya-paris-western-europe-e91953f5c9fa0a4d52e51327d11a47fb|website=AP News}}</ref> They included Anzorov's grandparents, parents, and 17-year-old brother.<ref name="auto7" /><ref name="auto62" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 18-year-old killer, who was shot, was a refugee {{!}} En24 World|url=https://www.en24news.com/2020/10/the-18-year-old-killer-who-was-shot-was-a-refugee.html|access-date=18 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=French police arrest nine after teacher beheaded in street|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/crime-pmn/french-police-arrest-nine-after-teacher-beheaded-in-street|access-date=17 October 2020|website=National Post|quote=Four relatives of the attacker, including a minor, were detained}}</ref> Also arrested were Sefrioui,<ref name="auto102" /><ref name="FT20-102"/> Brahim Chnina, the father of a girl in Paty's class,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beheaded France Teacher had been Target of Threats Since Father of Schoolgirl Posted on Social Media|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/beheaded-france-teacher-had-been-target-of-threats-since-father-of-schoolgirl-posted-on-social-media-2977034.html|website=News18}}</ref><ref name="FT Chnina2">{{cite news|date=20 October 2020|title=Social media groups under fire in France over Islamist killing|work=www.ft.com|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b2af266c-5a84-4ddd-8d49-ab41f29a7b06}}</ref> who is suspected of issuing a ''[[fatwa]]'' against Paty, and four students<ref name="BBC Fatwa2" /> who are suspected of taking money from the killer in exchange for identifying the teacher.<ref name="BBC Court2">{{cite news|date=21 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Seven people to attend court over Samuel Paty's death|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54625270}}</ref>

French police announced that there were more than 80 messages on social media from French people supporting the attacker.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Professeur décapité : que sait-on des onze personnes en garde à vue ?|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/terrorisme/enseignant-decapite-dans-les-yvelines/professeur-decapite-qui-sont-les-onze-personnes-en-garde-a-vue_4146801.html|access-date=18 October 2020|website=France Info|language=fr}}</ref> The French [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]], [[Gérald Darmanin]], ordered that the ''Grande Mosque de [[Pantin]]'' was to be closed for six months.<ref name=":42"/> The mosque, which has about 1,500 worshippers situated just north of Paris, was ordered closed for having published videos inciting violence against Samuel Paty. Its imam, Sefrioui, is under investigation and remains under arrest. The mosque removed the posts after the murder and expressed "regret" over publishing the videos, and published instead an announcement condemning the "savagery" of teacher's killing.<ref name="WP-2020-10-21">{{Cite news|last=McAuley|first=James|title=France mourns teacher Samuel Paty as government mobilizes against Muslim groups|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/samuel-paty-teacher-beheading/2020/10/21/b94fe7fe-123e-11eb-a258-614acf2b906d_story.html|access-date=2020-12-12|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

Two days after the murder, a defence council ordered the deportation of 231 foreign citizens which were known to security services in the [[Fiche S]] register. Of those, 180 were in prison and the rest were to be arrested.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mort de Samuel Paty : des opérations de police en cours et une cinquantaine d'associations contrôlées, annonce le ministre de l'Intérieur Gérald Darmanin|url=https://www.lindependant.fr/2020/10/19/mort-de-samuel-paty-des-operations-de-police-en-cours-et-une-cinquantaine-dassociations-controlees-annonce-le-ministre-de-linterieur-gerald-darmanin-9149359.php|access-date=19 October 2020|website=lindependant.fr|language=fr}}</ref> The interior minister Gérald Darmanin demanded dissolution of two Islamic NGOs: [[Collective Against Islamophobia in France]] (CCIF) and [[Barakacity]], which he described as "enemies" of the state. Both NGOs have been accused{{By whom|date=November 2020}} of taking part in a social media campaign against the teacher, launched by the father of one of his pupils.<ref>{{cite web|title=France beheading: Minister wants to dissolve Islamic NGOs after murder of teacher Samuel Paty|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/19/france-beheading-minister-wants-to-dissolve-islamic-ngos-after-murder-of-teacher-samuel-pa|access-date=19 October 2020|website=Euronews}}</ref> The CCIF denied participating in such a harassment campaign.<ref name="WP-2020-10-21"/> According to the prosecutor Jean-François Ricard, speaking on 21 October, there was a "direct causal link" between the hate campaign and Anzorov's murder of Paty.<ref name=":022"/>

On 21 October a national memorial for Paty, prepared in consultation with his family,<ref>{{Cite web|title=France to bid farewell to murdered history teacher on Wednesday|url=https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/europe/france-to-bid-farewell-to-murdered-history-teacher-on-wednesday.html|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Republic World}}</ref> was held at the [[Sorbonne]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 October 2020|title=France teacher attack: Students 'paid €300' to identify Samuel Paty|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54625270|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="ParisMatchSorbonne2">{{cite magazine|last1=Lechevallier|first1=Anne-Sophie|display-authors=etal|date=21 October 2020|title=L'hommage national à Samuel Paty en images|trans-title=The national tribute to Paty in images|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Societe/Suivez-l-hommage-national-a-Samuel-Paty-en-images-et-en-direct-1708440|magazine=[[Paris Match]]|language=fr}}</ref> President Macron awarded the {{lang|fr|[[Légion d'honneur]]}} posthumously to Paty.<ref name="ParisMatchSorbonne2" /><ref name="GuardianSorbonne2">{{cite journal|last1=Henley|first1=Jon|date=21 October 2020|title=Samuel Paty posthumously awarded French Légion d'honneur: Two teenage pupils charged with complicity in terrorist murder as slain teacher given France's highest civilian award|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/21/samuel-paty-attack-two-pupils-among-seven-facing-terror-charges|journal=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Texts read at the ceremony included [[Jean Jaurès]]'s ''Lettre aux instituteurs et institutrices'' ({{literal translation|letter to the teachers}}).<ref name="ParisMatchSorbonne2" /><ref name="LibérationSorbonne2">{{cite magazine|last1=Auffray|first1=Alain|date=22 October 2020|title=Hommage de Macron à Samuel Paty: 'Nous continuerons, professeur'|trans-title=Tribute of Macron to Paty: 'We will continue professor'|url=https://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2020/10/22/hommage-de-macron-a-samuel-paty-nous-continuerons-professeur_1803133|magazine=[[Libération]]|language=fr}}</ref> In an address of around 15 minutes, Macron described Paty as "a quiet hero" and stated that "we will not give up cartoons".<ref name=":9"/><ref name="GuardianSorbonne2" /><ref name="LibérationSorbonne2" /> Macron also announced that the "Sheikh Yassin Collective" founded by Sefrioui to support [[Hamas]] would be dissolved, as having been "directly implicated" in the murder.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|date=21 October 2020|title=France honours beheaded teacher as judge questions suspects|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201021-france-honours-beheaded-teacher-as-judge-questions-suspects|access-date=10 November 2020|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> The government was reported to be preparing to dissolve a further fifty organizations connected with radical Islam.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":9"/>

On 23 October, the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] published an introduction to Jaurès's letter, linking to a digitized version of its entire content.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sandras|first=Agnès|date=23 October 2020|title=La lettre 'aux Instituteurs et Institutrices' de Jean Jaurès (1888)|trans-title=The letter 'to the teachers' by Jean Jaurès (1888)|url=https://histoirebnf.hypotheses.org/10211|publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]|language=fr}}</ref> ''[[La Dépêche du Midi|La Dépêche]]'', the newspaper in which the letter had originally been published in 1888, republished the text a few days later.<ref name="DépêcheLetter2">{{cite magazine|last1=Marcelle|first1=Sébastien|date=2 November 2020|title=Laïcité à l'école: la "Lettre aux instituteurs et institutrices" de Jean Jaurès avait été publiée dans La Dépêche en 1888|trans-title=Secularity at school: the "Letter to the teachers" by Jean Jaurès was published in ''La Dépêche'' in 1888|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2020/10/25/laicite-a-lecole-la-lettre-aux-instituteurs-et-institutrices-de-jean-jaures-avait-ete-publiee-dans-la-depeche-en-1888-9162912.php|magazine=[[La Dépêche du Midi|La Dépêche]]|language=fr}}</ref> Meanwhile, minister Blanquer had selected the letter to be read in schools when pupils would return there after a two-week holiday (Paty had been murdered at the start of that holiday shortly after lessons had finished).<ref name="DépêcheLetter2" /> The fact that only bowdlerized versions of Jaurès's letter had been distributed to the schools was criticised, for example in an article published in ''[[Libération]]'', which prompted the minister to make the entire letter available, just in time for the commemorations for Paty which were held in schools all over France at 11:00 on Monday 2 November.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=York|first1=Joanna|date=2 November 2020|title=12 million French students remember teacher Samuel Paty|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/12-million-French-students-remember-teacher-Samuel-Paty-today-in-tribute|magazine=[[The Connexion]]}}</ref><ref name="LibérationLetter2">{{cite magazine|last1=Souchay|first1=Grégoire|date=2 November 2020|title=Hommage à Samuel Paty: l'étrange tripatouillage de la lettre de Jean Jaurès|trans-title=Tribute to Paty: strange shenanigans with Jean Jaurès's letter|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/11/01/hommage-a-samuel-paty-l-etrange-tripatouillage-de-la-lettre-de-jean-jaures_1804167|magazine=[[Libération]]|language=fr}}</ref> That Monday was the first schoolday since the attack and the [[Prime Minister of France]], [[Jean Castex]], attended the commemoration at Paty's school, the Collège Bois-d'Aulne, which itself did not open to its pupils until the following day.<ref name=":7" /> During the commemorative ceremony on 2 November across France, more than 400 incidents of threats and interruptions were recorded; several youths were arrested.<ref name=":19" />

=== Prosecutions ===
By 22 October seven people had been charged, of which five were in police custody (the two schoolchildren were legal minors).<ref name=":022"/> Three of Anzorov's friends were charged with abetting in the crime: two accused of "complicity in a terrorist murder" and another of "terrorist association".<ref name=":022"/> One of the pair accused of complicity was alleged to have assisted Anzorov in acquiring a weapon, while the other drove him to the scene of the crime.<ref name=":022"/> A 48-year-old parent of a student at Paty's school, named as "Brahim C", was accused of communicating by text message with Anzorov and of organising the campaign of hate against Paty; he had made videos insulting the teacher and demanding his suspension.<ref name=":022"/> The imam Abdelhakim Sefrioui, who also appeared in videos castigating Paty, was himself in custody, and Gérald Darmanin told radio station [[Europe 1]] that Brahim C and Sefrioui had issued a ''[[fatwa]]'' condemning Paty.<ref name=":022"/>

By 6 November, ten people were being prosecuted, including another 18-year-old of Chechen origin, a French 18-year-old, and a 17-year-old girl, all charged with "criminal terrorist conspiracy" having been arrested in eastern France, far from either Paris or Evreux.<ref name=":19">{{Cite news|date=6 November 2020|title=Three teens charged in French teacher's beheading|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201106-three-teens-charged-in-french-teacher-s-beheading|access-date=19 November 2020|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref>

In [[Pontoise]], an Algerian man was convicted of glorifying terrorism and sentenced to six months in custody for calling the murderer a martyr; he was to be deported at the end of the sentence and banned from France for a decade.<ref name=":19" /> Three people between the ages of 15 and 17 were arrested and charged on Friday, 6 November with "supporting terrorism", having made threats during the national commemorations of Paty's life that Monday.<ref name=":19" /> Further prosecutions were planned in around a dozen of the more serious incidents of over 400 interruptions of the commemoration that took place on the same day according to the education minister [[Jean-Michel Blanquer]].<ref name=":19" />

The schoolgirl has been charged with [[Defamation|slander]]. Her father, Brahim Chnina is under investigation for complicity of the murder.<ref name="BBC Mar 21" /><ref name="Guardian Mar 21" />

=== Law against Islamist extremism ===
After the murder of Paty, a bill was put forward to fight Islamist extremism and separatism to fight the roots of jihadist violence. It was approved by the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] in February 2021.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-16|title=French MPs approve bill to combat Islamist extremism|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210216-french-mps-approve-bill-to-combat-islamist-extremism|access-date=2021-02-17|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref>

A new crime was introduced, which makes it unlawful to threaten a public servant in order to gain an exception or special treatment which carries a penalty of up to five years in prison. The legislation expands the powers of authorities to close places of worship and religious organisations when they promote "hate or violence". The law requires religious funds from abroad exceeding €10,000 to be declared and the relevant accounts to be certified, so as to regulate the donations from countries such as Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Millions of euros in funding had previously reached France from countries such as Turkey, Morocco and Saudi Arabia.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8" />

It provides stricter rules for allowing home-schooling in order to prevent parents taking children out of school in order to let them pursue their education in underground Islamist institutions. Doctors performing [[virginity test]]s would be subject to fines or prison sentences. These changes were prompted by a number of cases of Muslim men trying to have their marriages annulled by accusing their spouse of having had sex before marriage.<ref name=":8" /> Authorities will have to refuse residency documents to applicants who practise [[polygamy]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|last=WELT|date=2020-12-09|title=Islamismus in Frankreich: Neue Gesetze verbieten "Jungfräulichkeits-Atteste"|work=DIE WELT|url=https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article222139560/Islamismus-in-Frankreich-Neue-Gesetze-verbieten-Jungfraeulichkeits-Atteste.html|access-date=2021-02-17}}</ref> Forced marriages, thought to affect around 200,000 women in France, were likewise to be combated with greater scrunity from registrars.<ref name=":8" />

== Other reactions ==
[[File:Rassemblement collège conflans 17 10 20 - fleurs 1.jpg|thumb|Flower arrangement in honor of Samuel Paty in front of the Bois-d'Aulne college, in [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]]]]
[[File:Hôtel de ville de Lille - drapeaux et affiche "Je suis enseignant" (Samuel Paty).jpg|thumb|''Je suis enseignant'' sign outside the [[Hôtel de ville de Lille]]]]
The [[hashtag]]s {{em|#Je Suis Prof}} and {{em|#Je Suis Enseignant}}, both meaning "I am a teacher", were launched in support of the victim and in support of freedom of expression.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2020|title="Je suis prof": après l'horreur, une vague d'hommages au professeur assassiné dans les Yvelines|url=https://actu.orange.fr/france/je-suis-prof-apres-l-horreur-une-vague-d-hommages-au-professeur-assassine-dans-les-yvelines-magic-CNT000001ubIyX.html|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Orange Actualités|language=fr}}</ref> The name alludes to the hashtag [[Je suis Charlie|#JeSuisCharlie]], launched as a token of solidarity in the aftermath of the 2015 Islamist attack on the satirical magazine ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'', which had published cartoons depicting Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=France terror attack: Beheading of teacher heightens debate about Islamist terrorism and freedom of speech|url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-terror-attack-beheading-of-teacher-heightens-debate-about-islamist-terrorism-and-freedom-of-speech-12106578|access-date=18 October 2020|publisher=Sky News|language=en}}</ref> ''Charlie Hebdo'' issued a statement expressing its "horror and revolt" and extending its support to the family and friends of Paty.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=Decapitated professor – The satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo expresses its feeling...|url=https://alkhaleejtoday.co/international/5120782/Decapitated-professor-%E2%80%93-The-satirical-magazine-Charlie-Hebdo-expresses-its-feeling.html|access-date=18 October 2020|website=AlKhaleej Today|language=ar}}</ref> ''Charlie Hebdo'' caricatures were displayed on regional authority buildings ({{Lang-fr|Hôtels de région|links=no}}) in [[Toulouse]] and [[Montpellier]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Montpellier : 6 unes de Charlie Hebdo sur la façade de l'hôtel de Région|url=https://www.lindependant.fr/2020/10/21/montpellier-6-unes-de-charlie-hebdo-sur-la-facade-de-lhotel-de-region-9154692.php|access-date=21 October 2020|website=lindependant.fr|language=fr}}</ref> Rallies in protest against the murder, and criticising the government's ineffective response to [[radical Islam]], took place in [[Place de la République]] in Paris, and in other cities across France.<ref>{{Cite news|last=France-Presse Agence|date=1 October 2020|title=French encouraged to take part in 'national cohesion' rallies following killing of teacher Samuel Paty|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/18/french-encouraged-take-part-national-cohesion-rallies-following/|access-date=18 October 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-terror-attack-thousands-gather-in-paris-to-honour-murdered-teacher-12107538|title=France terror attack: Thousands gather in Paris to honour murdered teacher|publisher=Sky News}}</ref> The demonstrators held various placards with statements such as "Je suis Samuel" and "Schools in mourning" written on them.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Henley|first=Jon|date=1 October 2020|title=Thousands rally across France in tribute to murdered schoolteacher|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/18/thousands-rally-across-france-in-tribute-to-dead-schoolteacher|access-date=19 October 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The demonstrators also chanted "Freedom of expression, freedom to teach", or sang "[[La Marseillaise]]," the French national anthem.<ref name=":0" /> Politicians, academics, and envoys joined the demonstrations across France.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title='We are not afraid': France rallies after teacher beheaded|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/19/we-are-not-afraid-france-rallies-after-teacher-beheaded|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> In [[Lyon]] around 12,000 joined the demonstrations, in [[Toulouse]] approximately 5,000 turned out, and hundreds more assembled in [[Nice]].<ref name=":1" />

The [[French Council of the Muslim Faith]] (CFCM), the main interlocutor of the public authorities on Islam, condemned the assassination and on Thursday, 22 October provided the Imams of France with a text that they could use as inspiration for their Friday prayers in response to the attack. In it, CFCM noted that "The horrible assassination ... reminds us of the scourges that sadly mark our reality: that of the eruption in our country of radicalism, violence and terrorism claiming to be Islam, claiming victims of all ages, all conditions and all convictions." "No, we Muslims are not persecuted in France," the authors continued. "We are sometimes targets of anti-Muslim acts, but others are also victims of hostile acts. In the face of these provocations, we must remain decent, serene and clear-sighted."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attentat à Conflans : Le CFCM propose un prêche aux imams de France|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/2891475-20201022-attentat-conflans-cfcm-propose-preche-imams-france|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|language=fr|website=20 Minutes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mansouri|first1=Fethi|last2=Barton|first2=Greg|title=For French Muslims, every terror attack brings questions about their loyalty to the republic|url=http://theconversation.com/for-french-muslims-every-terror-attack-brings-questions-about-their-loyalty-to-the-republic-149151|date= 30 October 2020|access-date=7 November 2020|website=The Conversation|language=en}}</ref> On 1 November, the CFCM organized a meeting to discuss the training of religious executives and a plan to fight radicalization.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CFCM : plan anti-radicalisation et formation des imams au programme après Conflans|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/cfcm-plan-anti-radicalisation-et-formation-des-imams-au-programme-apres-conflans-24-10-2020-8404774.php|date=24 October 2020|access-date=7 November 2020|website=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Le culte musulman veut avancer sur la formation des imams et la prévention de la radicalisation|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/religions/le-culte-musulman-veut-avancer-sur-la-formation-des-imams-et-la-prevention-de-la-radicalisation-7036854|date=1 November 2020|website=Ouest France|language=fr}}</ref> Various avenues are studied, in particular "carrying out theological work on the misguided concepts of the Muslim religion" and "carrying out collegial work on the Friday sermon in order to disseminate a strong word from religious executives carried by imams".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le culte musulman s'est réuni sur la formation des imams et la prévention de la radicalisation|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/le-culte-musulman-s-est-reuni-sur-la-formation-des-imams-et-la-prevention-de-la-radicalisation_AD-202011010163.html|date=1 November 2020|access-date=7 November 2020|website=BFMTV|language=fr}}</ref> Other Muslims in France accused the government of a "heavy-handed clampdown" on their communities in the aftermath of the murder.<ref name=":14" />

Many Muslims and religious leaders in France condemned the act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paris Beheading: Muslims in France condemn teacher's killing|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/world/paris-beheading-muslims-in-france-condemn-teachers-killing|date=18 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref name="LM-2020-10-19"/> In a tweet, {{Interlanguage link|Chems-Eddine Hafiz|lt=|fr||WD=}}, rector of the [[Grand Mosque of Paris]], called on the imams of his federation to dedicate their preaching the following Friday to the memory of Samuel Paty and to the fight against Islamist terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 October 2020|title=Enseignant décapité : le recteur de la Grande mosquée de Paris demande aux imams de consacrer le prêche de vendredi à Samuel Paty|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/terrorisme/enseignant-decapite-dans-les-yvelines/enseignant-decapite-le-recteur-de-la-grande-mosquee-de-paris-demande-aux-imams-de-consacrer-le-preche-de-vendredi-a-samuel-paty_4148323.html|access-date=7 November 2020|website=Franceinfo|language=fr-FR}}</ref> According to [[Europe 1]], "almost everywhere in France", imams respond to the rector's call, paying homage to the murdered history teacher.<ref>{{Cite web|title=L'hommage à Samuel Paty dans les mosquées : "L'islam se désavoue de ces fanatiques"|url=https://www.europe1.fr/societe/professeur-decapite-une-semaine-apres-lhommage-a-samuel-paty-dans-les-mosquees-4000763|access-date=7 November 2020|website=Europe 1|language=fr}}</ref> In a press release, the Rhône Mosques Council ({{Lang-fr|Conseil des Mosquées du Rhône|links=no}}) condemned "blind hatred" and "murderous madness" and affirms that the religion of which the terrorist "proclaims himself does not recognize itself in him". The signatories of the press release, who come from around thirty mosques, declare that they are committed "to strengthening the study of the ideological foundations of extremist thought and the fight against those who feed it, feed it and finance it". The website ''{{Interlanguage link|Saphirnews|lt=|fr||WD=}}'' published a joint statement of 30 imams calling on "Muslim youth to go to qualified imams and theologians, in their spiritual quest, so as not to fall into [[obscurantism]]".<ref name="LM-2020-10-19">{{Cite news|date=19 October 2020|title=Après l'attentat de Conflans, de nombreux imams condamnent l'assassinat de Samuel Paty|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/10/19/apres-l-attentat-de-conflans-de-nombreux-imams-condamnent-l-assassinat-de-samuel-paty_6056566_3224.html|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref>

The attack on Paty polarised French people and politicians alike and led to a public debate on how Islam should be integrated or assimilated into French secular society. One theme of the debate concerned the education of imams which in part come from abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Balmer|first=Rudolf|date=26 October 2020|title=Debatte über Islamismus in Frankreich: Ins Wespennest der Laizität|language=de|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|url=https://taz.de/!5720820/|access-date=1 November 2020|issn=0931-9085}}</ref> The terrorist attack also highlighted the problems France faced with integrating [[Immigration to France|foreigners into the French society]] in a country which was becoming increasingly [[Ethnic diversity|racially and ethnically diverse]] and the political establishment formed a consensus that two or three generations of "newcomers" had struggled to integrate.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Onishi|first1=Norimitsu|last2=Méheut|first2=Constant|date=27 October 2020|title=A Teacher, His Killer and the Failure of French Integration|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/26/world/europe/france-beheading-teacher.html|access-date=29 October 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> An opinion poll carried out by [[Institut français d'opinion publique]] (Ifop) found that 87% of the respondents considered the secularist society in France ({{lang-fr|link=no|[[Laïcité]]}}) was under threat and 79% agreed that Islamism had declared war on France and the French Republic. The poll found that 89% of the respondents thought the threat of terrorism was high, 38% of which said it was very high. This was a significant increase when compared with the data of the previous month, though the statistic had exceeded the 50% mark during the spate of Islamist attacks in France during 2015.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Le regard des Français sur la menace terroriste et l'islamisme|url=https://www.ifop.com/publication/le-regard-des-francais-sur-la-menace-terroriste-et-lislamisme/|date=22 October 2020|access-date=28 October 2020|website=IFOP|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Hommage Samuel Paty Saint-Denis 17 octobre 2020.jpg|Tribute to Paty, in front of the town hall in [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Seine-Saint-Denis]]
File:2020-10-18 14-58-10 rassemblement-Belfort.jpg|Gathering at the [[Place de la République]], in [[Belfort]], paying tribute to Paty
File:Rassemblement Samuel Paty le 18 oct 2020 Place de la République Paris un imam.jpg|[[Islam in France|French Muslims]] in attendance at tribute for Paty, in [[Place de la République]]
File:Rassemblement Samuel Paty le 18 oct 2020 Place de la République Paris.jpg|Gathering in homage to Samuel Paty, at [[Place de la République]] in Paris
File:Rassemblement interreligieux Samuel Paty Strasbourg 22 octobre 2020.jpg|Interfaith gathering at [[Strasbourg Cathedral]]
</gallery>

=== Turkey; Erdoğan–Macron dispute ===
[[File:Meeting between the leaders of Russia, Turkey, Germany and France (cropped, Macron and Erdogan).jpg|thumb|[[Emmanuel Macron]], right, and [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] in Istanbul in 2018]]
The position taken by Macron was condemned in the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] by the dominant [[AK Party]], the [[Nationalist Movement Party]], the secular opposition [[Republican People's Party (Turkey)|Republican People's Party]] and the [[Iyi Party]], though the opposition [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] did not sign the joint declaration condemning Macron's words.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 October 2020|title=Turkish parliament condemns remarks by France's Macron in cartoon row|language=en|website=Reuters|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN27C2HP|access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref>

Following actions and statements of French President Macron such as describing Islam as a religion "in crisis" worldwide, [[President of Turkey|Turkish President]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] questioned Macron's mental health<ref>{{Cite news|title=France reacts after Erdogan questions Macron's mental health|language=en|website=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/france-reacts-erdogan-questions-macrons-mental-health-73808092|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> and called for a boycott of French goods.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Caroline Alexander|first=Zainab Fattah|date=27 October 2020|title=Muslim world faces divide after Erdogan takes on France for its crackdown on radical Islam|language=en-US|website=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/world/muslim-world-faces-divide-after-erdogan-takes-on-france-for-its-crackdown-on-radical-islam/531449/|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite news|date=26 October 2020|title=Turkey's Erdogan urges French goods boycott amid Islam row|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54692485|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Erdoğan claimed Muslims in France were "subjected to a lynch campaign similar to that against Jews in Europe before World War II", and that "European leaders should tell the French president to stop his hate campaign".<ref name=":15" /> Erdoğan also attacked Macron personally, saying "Macron needs treatment on a mental level" and asked: "What's the problem of the individual called Macron with Islam and with the Muslims?" <ref name=":13" /> He continued: "What else can be said to a head of state who does not understand freedom of belief and who behaves in this way to millions of people living in his country who are members of a different faith?"<ref name=":13" />

In response to Erdoğan's remarks, France recalled its ambassador to Turkey, and a presidential spokesperson said: "President Erdogan's comments are unacceptable. Excess and rudeness are not a method. We demand that Erdogan change the course of his policy because it is dangerous in every respect."<ref name=":13" /> In support of Macron, German government spokesman [[Steffen Seibert]] said of Erdoğan's behaviour: "They are defamatory comments that are completely unacceptable, particularly against the backdrop of the horrific murder of the French teacher Samuel Paty by an Islamist fanatic", while the [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]], [[Heiko Maas]], said Erdoğan's insulting language was "a particular low point".<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" /> The [[Prime Minister of Italy]], [[Giuseppe Conte]], wrote that "personal insults do not help the positive agenda that the EU wants to pursue with Turkey", and the [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]], [[Mark Rutte]], said his country "stands firmly with France and for the [[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union|collective values of the European Union]]".<ref name=":13" /> The [[President of the European Commission]], [[Ursula von der Leyen]], was also supportive of Macron's position.<ref name=":11" />

Responding to Erdoğan's insults, Macron published on Twitter a message in English, French, and Arabic, saying: "Our history is one of a battle against tyranny and fanaticisms. We will continue, … we respect all differences in a spirit of peace. We will never accept hate speech and we defend reasonable debate. We will continue. We hold ourselves always on the side of human dignity and universal values".<ref name=":11" />

''Charlie Hebdo'', responding to Erdoğan's position, published a cartoon mocking the Turkish president on its front page on 27 October. [[Fahrettin Altun]], Erdoğan's press secretary, said on Twitter that "We condemn this most disgusting effort by this publication to spread its cultural racism and hatred".<ref name=":14" />

===Other countries===
After President Macron defended the publication of cartoons in a tribute to Paty, there were calls in some Muslim countries to boycott French products.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Salem|first1=Mostafa|last2=Bairin|first2=Pierre|last3=Liakos|first3=Chris|last4=Schmidt|first4=Nadine|last5=Dean|first5=Sarah|date=27 October 2020|title=Calls to boycott French products grow in Muslim world after Macron backs Mohammed cartoons|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/26/europe/france-boycott-muslim-countries-macron-intl/index.html|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1076452 |title=UN strongly condemns knife attack inside Nice church which left three dead |date=29 October 2020 |website=UN News |publisher=[[United Nations]] }}</ref> Egyptian President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 October 2020|title=Egypt says freedom of expression 'stops' when Muslims offended|website=Reuters UK|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/france-security-boycott-egypt-int-idUSKBN27D18K|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> the Malaysian government,<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 October 2020|title=Malaysia condemns 'provocative acts', defamation of Islam as anger over French cartoon mounts|language=en|website=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-condemns-provocative-acts-defamation-of-islam-as-anger-over-french-cartoon|access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> and the Foreign Ministry of [[Morocco]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kasraoui|first=Safaa|date=25 October 2020|title=Morocco Condemns Cartoons Insulting Islam, Prophet Muhammad|language=en-US|website=Morocco World News|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323690/morocco-condemns-cartoons-insulting-islam-prophet-muhammad/|access-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> said that freedom of expression does not apply to insulting Islam or Muslims, and [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] said that Macron was promoting [[Islamophobia in France|Islamophobia]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hashim|first=Asad|title=Pakistan says Macron 'encourages Islamophobia', summons envoy|language=en|website=www.aljazeera.com|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/26/pakistan-accuses-macron-of-encouraging|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> Some French goods were removed from shops in Jordan, Kuwait, and Qatar,<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=27 October 2020|title=Muslim backlash against Macron gathers pace after police raids|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/27/muslim-backlash-against-macron-gathers-pace-after-police-raids|access-date=10 November 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite news|date=25 October 2020|title=France urges Arab nations to prevent boycotts over Macron's cartoons defence|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54683738|access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> and hundreds of travel agencies in Kuwait suspended booking flights to France.<ref name=":11" /> Protests were also held in Bangladesh, Iraq, and Libya against Macron and his defense of the caricatures.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":18" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Alam|first=Julhas|title=Thousands in Bangladesh protest against French cartoons|language=en|website=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-summons-french-diplomat-macrons-remarks-73850026|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)|Egyptian Foreign Ministry]], the Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)|Saudi Arabia Foreign Ministry]], and the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the murder,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Egypt expresses 'utmost condemnation' of beheading of French teacher in Paris suburb – Politics – Egypt|language=en|website=Ahram Online|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/388585/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-expresses-utmost-condemnation-of-beheading-o.aspx|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Press Statement on personal attacks in unacceptable language on French President Emmanuel Macron|website=www.mea.gov.in|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33150/Press_Statement_on_personal_attacks_in_unacceptable_language_on_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 October 2020|title=Condolences from Turkey to Samuel Paty's relatives from October 17|url=https://thecanadian.news/2020/10/26/condolences-from-turkey-to-samuel-patys-relatives-from-october-17/|access-date=21 November 2020|website=The Canadian|language=en-US}}</ref> with the Indian ministry also condemning personal attacks against Macron.<ref name=":5" />[[File:French product boycott poster (macron defaced).jpg|thumb|Poster in Bangladesh advocating a boycott of French goods and showing the ''[[Flag of France|tricolore]]'' and the image of Emmanuel Macron defaced]]

{{flagicon|Canada}} '''Canada''': [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Justin Trudeau]] said that freedom of expression has limits, citing the example of [[shouting fire in a crowded theater]]. Trudeau's remarks were criticized in Canada and in France. Trudeau subsequently clarified his position to reaffirm the importance of defending freedom of expression.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news|date=6 November 2020|title=Trudeau and Macron speak after cartoon remark controversy|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-54774813|access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref>

{{flagicon|Iran}} '''Iran''': The French delegation was summoned to protest France's permission of "hatred against Islam under the guise of support for freedom of expression".<ref name=":6" /> Clerics at the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] holy city of [[Qom]] denounced Macron and the ''Charlie Hebdo'' cartoons, calling for economic sanctions against France from Iran and the wider Islamic world.<ref name=":14" />

{{flagicon|Qatar}} '''Qatar''': A week of French cultural events at [[Qatar University]] was postponed on account of what described as "deliberate attack on Islam and its symbols".<ref name=":11" />

{{flagicon|Russia}} '''Russia''': [[Ramzan Kadyrov]], [[Head of the Chechen Republic|Head]] of the [[Chechen Republic]], one of the [[federal subjects of Russia]], criticized Macron's position on free speech.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=27 October 2020|title=Chechen leader says Macron stance on cartoons inspires terrorists|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-security-boycott-chechnya-idUKKBN27C28T|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> He wrote: "You are forcing people into terrorism, pushing people towards it, not leaving them any choice, creating the conditions for the growth of extremism in young people's heads. You can boldly call yourself the leader and inspiration of terrorism in your country".<ref name=":16" /> Kadyrov, once a rebel in the [[First Chechen War]], had recently supported Russia in the military suppression of the Islamist [[insurgency in the North Caucasus]] and sought to minimize the significance of the killer's place of birth by pointing to his upbringing in France.<ref name=":16" /> He wrote on Instagram that showing cartoons of Muhammad was not to be labelled free speech.<ref name=":16" />

{{flagicon|Tunisia}} '''Tunisia''': An independent member of the [[Assembly of the Representatives of the People]] of Tunisia, {{Interlanguage link|Rached Khiari|lt=|fr||WD=}}, who was initially elected on a religious right-wing platform with {{Interlanguage link|Coalition de la dignité|lt=al-Karama|fr||WD=}}, justified the attack on Facebook.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=Tunisian MP probed for allegedly glorifying beheading of French teacher|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tunisian-mp-probed-for-allegedly-glorifying-beheading-of-french-teacher/a-55314597|date=18 October 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}}</ref> The public prosecution service in Tunisia opened an investigation into his comments; the spokesman of the {{Interlanguage link|Droit tunisien#Tribunaux de première instance|lt=Court of First Instance|fr||WD=}} in Tunis and deputy public prosecutor said the comments were classifiable as a crime of terrorism, as [[anti-terrorism legislation]] punishes the glorification or praise of terrorist attacks with a sentence of up to five years in prison.<ref name=":17" />

=== International organisations ===
; {{flagicon|European Union}} '''European Union''': Leaders of the 27 member states of the [[European Union]] released a joint statement condemning the attack on Samuel Paty and the [[2020 Nice stabbing]] encouraging dialogue and understanding between societies and religions. They called the attacks an assault on their values.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paaske|first=Claus|date=30 October 2020|title=EU's stats og regeringschefer fordømmer terrorangreb i Frankrig|url=https://politiken.dk/nyhedsbreve/mine/nyhedsbreve_politiken_morgen/art7977727/EUs-stats-og-regeringschefer-ford%C3%B8mmer-terrorangreb-i-Frankrig|access-date=1 November 2020|website=Politiken|language=da-DK}}</ref>

; Muslim World League : Sheikh [[Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa]], Secretary General of the [[Muslim World League]], said "acts of violence and terrorism [were] crimes in all religions," suggesting further that such situations might be avoided by "refrain[ing] from stirring hatred by insulting religion." He made an appeal against the unnecessary incitement of violence through the circulation of incendiary literature.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Saudi Arabia leads Arab and Muslim world in condemning terrorist murder of French teacher|language=en|website=Arab News|url=https://arab.news/r3vfb|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>

; {{flagicon|Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}} '''Organisation of Islamic Cooperation''' : The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] said that although it denounced "all acts of terror in the name of religion", it would continue to oppose the "continued publication" of "blasphemous cartoons".<ref name=":11" /> It added that it was the "suggestions of certain French leaders … that risk submerging French–Muslim relations".<ref name=":11" />

; United Nations Alliance of Civilizations : In a press statement released on 17 October 2020, [[Miguel Ángel Moratinos]], High Representative of the [[United Nations Alliance of Civilizations]] (UNAOC), strongly condemned the decapitation of the French school teacher in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine on the previous day. He reiterates being committed to stand against divisive policies and extremist ideologies and offers condolences to the family of the victim and to the Government and people of France.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saad|first1=Nihal|date=17 October 2020|title=Press Statement on Decapitating a French Teacher in a Paris Suburb|agency=[[United Nations Alliance of Civilizations]]|url=https://www.unaoc.org/2020/10/press-statement-on-the-decapitation-of-a-french-teacher-in-a-paris-suburb/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=18 October 2020|title=UNAOC decries beheading of French teacher: The UNAOC chief stressed that togetherness, peace and tolerance are rooted in religions across the faith spectrum|agency=Asian Lite News|url=https://asianlite.com/news/world-news/unaoc-decries-beheading-of-french-teacher/}}</ref>

== Media coverage ==
According to researcher Liam Duffy, anglophone media reporting in Britain and the United States received criticism in France for misrepresenting the attack and presenting France as the villain. Of the two most influential newspapers on the left, ''[[The New York Times]] ''and ''[[The Washington Post]]'', neither used the term ''[[jihadism]]'' in their reports according to expert {{ill|Hugo Micheron|fr}}. In other American reporting, information on the problems caused by Islamic extremism was largely absent while there were numerous warnings of rising nationalism and a French "crackdown on Islam". The criticism did not encompass ''[[Financial Times|The Financial Times]]'', which instead was praised for having interviewed teachers in France.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Why is the Anglo media portraying France as the villain?|url=https://unherd.com/2020/10/why-is-the-anglo-media-portaying-france-as-the-villain/|access-date=2020-12-12|website=UnHerd|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{external media
| width = 210px
| float = left
| video1 = [https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/oct/18/thousands-gather-in-paris-in-memory-of-murdered-teacher-samuel-paty-video-report "Thousands gather in Paris in memory of murdered teacher Samuel Paty – video report"], ''The Guardian'', 18 October 2020
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paty, Samuel}}
[[Category:2020 murders in France]]
[[Category:2020s in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in France]]
[[Category:History of Yvelines]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in France]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2020]]
[[Category:Islamism-related beheadings]]
[[Category:Murder in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:October 2020 crimes]]
[[Category:October 2020 events in France]]
[[Category:Stabbing attacks in 2020]]
[[Category:Stabbing attacks in France]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in France in 2020]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks]]

Template:Infobox/Columns

2021-04-21T12:44:02Z

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Template:Infobox civil conflict

2021-04-21T12:43:24Z

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Anti-French protest in Pakistan

2021-04-21T12:42:29Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{short description|Series of protests and strikes in Pakistan}} {{Infobox civil conflict |title=2021 Pakistani protests |arrests=2000+<ref name="tribune"/> |howmany4= |casual..."

{{short description|Series of protests and strikes in Pakistan}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
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[[Maulana Fazl-ur-Rehman]]

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}}
The '''2021 Pakistani protests''' was a series of protests and [[strike action|strikes]] in [[Pakistan]] from 11 - 20 April 2021. Mass protests first erupted after a series of calls for nationwide rallies and [[picketing]] against the [[government of Pakistan|government]] of [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] and his cabinet, orchestrated by far-right party [[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|Tehreek-e-Labaik Pakistan]] (TLP) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Hashim|first=Asad|title=Pakistan temporarily blocks social media over potential protests|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/16/pakistan-temporarily-blocks-social-media-amid-anti-france-rallies|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-17|title=Islamist party Tehreek-e-Labbaik fuels anti-France violence in Pakistan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210417-islamist-party-tehrik-e-labbaik-fuels-anti-france-violence-in-pakistan|access-date=2021-04-18|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> The primary motive was against France's view on [[freedom of speech]] and [[radical Islam]], concerning a blasphemous [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|caricature]] published there and the events surrounding the [[murder of Samuel Paty]], a French middle school teacher. The demonstrators demanded boycott of French goods and the expulsion of the French ambassador<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Pakistan PM Imran Khan asks Western govts to outlaw disrespect for Prophet on lines of Holocaust|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/apr/17/pakistan-pm-imran-khan-asks-western-govts-to-outlaw-disrespect-for-prophet-on-lines-of-holocaust-2291255.html|access-date=2021-04-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=Islamist party vows to continue fight to expel French ambassador from Pakistan|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/18/tlp-vows-to-continue-fight-to-expel-french-ambassador-from-pakistan|access-date=2021-04-20|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=Islamist party vows to continue fight to expel French ambassador from Pakistan|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/18/tlp-vows-to-continue-fight-to-expel-french-ambassador-from-pakistan|access-date=2021-04-20|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

The protests intensified across [[Pakistan]] after the party's leader [[Saad Hussain Rizvi]] was arrested on 12 April 2021.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|author=|date=12 April 2021|title=تحریک لبیک کے سربراہ سعد رضوی کی گرفتاری: اسلام آباد، پنڈی میں مظاہروں کے مقامات پر انٹرنیٹ بند، گوجرانوالہ میں مظاہرین سے نمٹنے کے لیے پولیس کبڈی ٹیم میدان میں|publisher=bbc.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/pakistan-56718427|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="samaa">{{cite news|author=|date=13 April 2021|title=TLP protesters block major Pakistan roads, highways|publisher=samaa.tv|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/protest-causes-massive-traffic-jam-in-karachi/|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="dawn">{{cite news|author=|date=13 April 2021|title=Police constable beaten to death in Lahore as TLP protests against Rizvi's detention continue for 2nd day|publisher=dawn.com|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618005|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> It ended on 20 April 2021 after Rizvi was discharged and when the expulsion of the French envoy was being discussed in the parliament.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" />

== Background ==
In October 2020, a teacher was [[Murder of Samuel Paty|beheaded by an Islamist terrorist]] near [[Paris]] reportedly for displaying a cartoon of [[Muhammad]]. [[French President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] defended [[freedom of expression]] and the rights to publish such cartoons, after which widespread protests took place in Pakistan, with calls to [[boycott]] French products and sever diplomatic ties with France. In November 2020, activists of the [[far-right]] [[Islamist]] [[Political party|party]] Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) blocked an entrance to [[Islamabad]] and demanded the expulsion of French [[ambassador]] from Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protests in Pakistan after Islamist leader's arrest {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.04.2021|work=DW.COM|url=https://www.dw.com/en/protests-in-pakistan-after-islamist-leaders-arrest/a-57175939|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 April 2021|title=France urges citizens to leave Pakistan amid anti-French protests|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56760224|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> The protests were called off on 16 November 2020 after the [[Government of Pakistan]] reached an agreement with TLP by seeking more time to discuss the matter in [[Parliament of Pakistan|parliament]].<ref name="dawncop">{{cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Cop killed, 40 others injured in Lahore as TLP protests against Rizvi's detention continue for 2nd day|language=en|work=DAWN.COM|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618005|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>

== Events ==
After [[President of France|French President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] took a hardened stance against radical Islamists, the founder of the TLP, [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]] called on Pakistan to cut diplomatic relations with France, He asked his followers to protest in the streets of Pakistan's capital, [[Islamabad]]. A few days later, he died due to COVID-19, and the protests became more militant under the aegis of his son, [[Saad Hussain Rizvi]] <ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhattacherjee|first=Kallol|date=2021-04-17|title=Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan {{!}} The rally of the radical clerics|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/tehreek-e-labbaik-pakistan-the-rally-of-the-radical-clerics/article34345842.ece|access-date=2021-04-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands take to streets in Pakistan in anti-government protest|date=December 13, 2020|agency=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ea8e1a05-9d9a-4183-91bd-5075da408c89}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Pakistanis Are Daring to Criticize Their Military|agency=Foreign Policy|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/22/why-pakistanis-daring-criticize-their-military-pakistan-protests-imran-khan-pdm/}}</ref>

On 11 April 2021, Saad Rizvi released a video message asking TLP activists to launch protests across Pakistan if the government did not expel the French ambassador from the country by 20 April. On 12 April, after Rizvi was arrested in [[Lahore]] charged under Pakistan's Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997 (ATA), which further angered protesters, causing widespread unrest.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=2021-04-15|title=Government bans TLP under anti-terrorism law|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618391|access-date=2021-04-18|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> Protests broke out across the country, with TLP activists blocking transport routes and cutting off cities including Lahore, [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]] , [[Islamabad]], [[Peshawar]] and [[Gujranwala]] from each other.<ref name="dawn2">{{cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Two killed as violence erupts after TLP chief’s arrest|language=en|work=DAWN.COM|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1617910/two-killed-as-violence-erupts-after-tlp-chiefs-arrest|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan: Deadly anti-French protests escalate {{!}} DW {{!}} 13.04.2021|work=DW.COM|url=https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-deadly-anti-french-protests-escalate/a-57187657|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> The protests turned violent with reports of stone pelting; at least two people were killed in the riots on 12 April. In addition, TLP claimed that two protesters were shot dead in [[Faisalabad]] and [[Karachi]].<ref name="dawn2" /> Later, a TLP spokesperson said that at least four people were killed, hundreds were injured and thousands were arrested by the police.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Deadly Clashes After Islamist Hardliners Take Police Hostage In Pakistan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pakistan-deadly-clashes-after-islamist-group-tlp-takes-police-hostage-in-lahore-2416519|access-date=2021-04-19|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

On 13 April, one police officer was beaten to death by the [[Riot|rioting]] mob in Lahore, while 40 others were injured. TLP spokesperson Tayyab Rizvi claimed that the number of TLP workers "[[Martyr|martyred]]" in the protests by the second day had increased to 12.<ref name="dawncop2">{{cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Cop killed, 40 others injured in Lahore as TLP protests against Rizvi's detention continue for 2nd day|language=en|work=DAWN.COM|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1618005|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> A spokesperson of Punjab Police confirmed that two cops were killed by the protesters who used clubs, bricks and firearms to attack them.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan news: Pakistan deploys paramilitary forces to quell deadly Islamist protests {{!}} World News - Times of India|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-deploys-paramilitary-forces-to-quell-deadly-islamist-protests/articleshow/82066025.cms|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> Paramilitary forces were brought in to assist the local police across various cities including Lahore, Gujranwala, [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]], [[Rawalpindi]] and [[Bahawalpur]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan’s paramilitary forces deployed after 4 killed in violent protests|language=en|work=gulfnews.com|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistans-paramilitary-forces-deployed-after-4-killed-in-violent-protests-1.78492066|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> On Sunday, TLP members has taken six security personnel hostage at its headquarters in Lahore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clashes in Pakistan after TLP takes several police hostage|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/18/clashes-in-pakistan-after-tlp-takes-several-police-hostage|access-date=2021-04-18|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

The Pakistan government banned the TLP on 15th April, accusing them of terrorism as their protestors had engaged in street violence and attacked public law enforcers. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Banned party TLP's chief Saad Rizvi placed on fourth schedule, assets frozen|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/345893-banned-party-tlp-chief-saad-rizvi-placed-on-fourth-schedule-assets-frozen|access-date=2021-04-18|website=www.geo.tv|language=en}}</ref> However, the ban does not enable the Pakistani government to entirely dissolve the political party, for which it needs a mandate for the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Pakistani Supreme Court]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Pakistan has banned TLP. What will happen next? {{!}} SAMAA|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/pakistan-has-banned-tlp-what-will-happen-next/|access-date=2021-04-18|website=Samaa TV|language=en-US}}</ref> Pakistan temporarily banned [[social media]] for four hours on April 16th in an attempt to curb the protests, as the TLP has wide social media penetration.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan blocks social media platforms amid protest crackdown {{!}} DW {{!}} 16.04.2021|work=DW.COM|url=https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-blocks-social-media-platforms-amid-protest-crackdown/a-57222243|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>Later, it banned coverage of the TLP by local media. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-16|title=Pakistan briefly blocks social media amid anti-France rally|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-media-social-media-coronavirus-pandemic-lahore-e9b0c60872d826c34dc2441ca032332b|access-date=2021-04-18|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> On the same day, the Pakistani government released an alleged statement by Saad Rizvi, asking protestors to stand down and peacefully disperse. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Castronuovo|first=Celine|date=2021-04-16|title=Social media temporarily blocked in Pakistan amid anti-France protests|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/548654-social-media-temporarily-blocked-in-pakistan-amid-anti-france-protests|access-date=2021-04-18|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref> But several demonstrators expressed their disbelief in the statement, insisting on seeing or hearing it coming from Rizvi himself. <ref name=":6" /> TLP activists in Britain staged a protest near the Pakistan High Commission in [[London]] on 16th April, but were later dispersed by the local police.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-16|title=Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan protests outside Pak mission in London|url=https://www.siasat.com/tehreek-i-labbaik-pakistan-protests-outside-pak-mission-in-london-2124891/|access-date=2021-04-18|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> On April 18th, the Pakistani police claimed that the TLP had taken six security personnel hostage, including a senior police officer and two paramilitary soldiers.<ref name=":7" />

== Aftermath and Reactions ==
France advised its citizens and French companies to temporarily leave Pakistan due to the violent protests' strong [[Francophobia|Francophobic]] nature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=France Advises Citizens To Leave Pakistan After Violent Protests|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/france-advises-citizens-to-leave-pakistan-after-violent-protests-2414605|access-date=2021-04-17|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Hashim|first1=Asad|title=France tells citizens to leave Pakistan ‘due to serious threats’|language=en|work=www.aljazeera.com|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/15/france-tells-citizens-to-leave-pakistan-due-to-serious-threats|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hashim|first1=Asad|title=France tells citizens to leave Pakistan ‘due to serious threats’|language=en|work=www.aljazeera.com|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/15/france-tells-citizens-to-leave-pakistan-due-to-serious-threats|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>However, several French nationals refused to leave the country, stating that the threats were from TLP radicals, but not from ordinary citizens.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-17|title='They said they'd protect me': French nationals refuse embassy call to leave Pak|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/they-said-they-d-protect-me-french-nationals-refuse-embassy-call-to-leave-pak-101618651418576.html|access-date=2021-04-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> An anonymous Pakistani diplomat speaking to the French newspaper, [[Le Figaro]], said that their country's [Pakistan's] international reputation was deteriorating due the actions of the TLP. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Paris appelle les Français à quitter le Pakistan|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/la-france-recommande-a-ses-ressortissants-de-quitter-temporairement-le-pakistan-20210415|access-date=2021-04-18|website=LEFIGARO|language=fr}}</ref> [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]] came out in support of TLP protesters and stated, "we will make [the government] accountable for every drop of the martyrs' blood."<ref>{{cite news|date=15 April 2021|title=Pakistan to ban religious party after deadly protests nationwide|language=en|work=Arab News|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1843131/world|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>

The Government has reportedly reached an agreement with TLP to end the protests and the government has agreed to table a resolution regarding the expulsion of the French ambassador in the national assembly.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=TLP calls off nationwide protests|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2295806/tlp-calls-off-nationwide-protests-as-na-debates-french-envoy-expulsion|access-date=2021-04-21|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> As part of the agreement, TLP chief Saad Hussain Rizvi had been released on the 20th of April, 2021.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=TLP chief Saad Rizvi reportedly released from custody|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2295790/tlp-chief-saad-rizvi-reportedly-released-from-custody|access-date=2021-04-21|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> TLP member [[Shafiq Amini]] requested all demonstrators to disperse and keep the peace. However, the government refused to lift the ban on the organisation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TLP calls off Lahore sit-in|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/823289-tlp-calls-off-lahore-sit-in-after-govt-puts-french-envoys-expulsion-to-vote-in-na|access-date=2021-04-21|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakistani protests, 2021}}
[[Category:2021 crimes in Pakistan]]
[[Category:2021 in Islam]]
[[Category:2021 protests]]
[[Category:2021 riots]]
[[Category:April 2021 crimes]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Ongoing protests]]
[[Category:Protests in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan]]

Animal Booster Nutrition

2021-04-13T13:10:24Z

Australianartandculture: More info

{{Infobox company
| name = Animal Booster Nutrition
| logo = Animal_Booster_Nutrition.png
| logo_caption =
| logo_alt =
| type = Privately held
| industry = Health, Wellness & Fitness
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = 2008
| founder = Anuj Choudhary
| defunct = 
| fate =
| hq_location_city = New Delhi
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = India
| key_people =
| products =
| owner = 
| num_employees = 201-500
| num_employees_year = 2021
| parent =
| website = {{url|www.animalboosternutrition.com}}
}}
'''Animal Booster Nutrition''' is a FSSAI approved consumer services company based in India. Specializes in health and nutrition related products, including vitamins, supplements, minerals, herbs, sports nutrition, diet, and energy products. It was founded by Anuj Choudhary in 2007 and was approved by The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).<ref>{{cite web|last1=ANI|accessdate=2021-04-03|title='Animal Booster Nutrition' Company creating landmark success in India|url=http://businessworld.in/article/-Animal-Booster-Nutrition-Company-creating-landmark-success-in-India/10-02-2021-376101|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-03|title=Animal Booster Nutrition: Fitness essential supplement for sportsperson|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-animal-booster-nutrition-fitness-essential-supplement-for-sportsperson-2869668|date=21 January 2021|website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-03|title=Foster your workout with finest supplements from Animal Booster Nutrition|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/foster-your-workout-with-finest-supplements-from-animal-booster-nutrition20200131115243/|website=ANI News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-03|title=Achieve the dream of fitness with Animal Booster Nutrition|url=https://www.apnnews.com/achieve-the-dream-of-fitness-with-animal-booster-nutrition/}}</ref> The company manufacture products that meet the guidelines set by The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and sell them through general trade stores as well as online on various e-commerce platforms.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-13|title=Animal Booster Nutrition: Fitness essential supplement for sportsperson|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-animal-booster-nutrition-fitness-essential-supplement-for-sportsperson-2869668|date=21 January 2021|website=DNA India}}</ref>

==History==
The company was founded by Anuj Choudhary in 2007 under "Make in India" concept with an idea to make maximum nutritional supplements available and affordable to the population of India as well as to help sportsperson meet the nutritional requirement to excel at international platforms.<ref>{{cite web|last1=ANI|accessdate=2021-04-13|title='Animal Booster Nutrition' Company creating landmark success in India|url=http://businessworld.in/article/-Animal-Booster-Nutrition-Company-creating-landmark-success-in-India/10-02-2021-376101|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

;Achievments
The company achieved ISO9001 production certification and also has GMP (Goods Manufacturing Practice) and HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) accreditation.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-13|title=Achieve the dream of fitness with Animal Booster Nutrition|url=https://www.apnnews.com/achieve-the-dream-of-fitness-with-animal-booster-nutrition/}}</ref>

==Products==
The company is known for providing products that include a range of dietary products which include vegetarian, raw dairy and gluten-free products.

*BCAA
*Carbohydrate
*Glucose
*Glutamine
*Fat Burner
*Whey Protein
*Weight gainer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|animalboosternutrition}}
*{{Facebook|animalboosternutritionofficalpage}}

[[Category:Companies established in 2007]]

Upasana Sankhwar

2021-04-13T12:48:10Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox person
| name = Upasana Sankhwar
| image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg
| alt = Upasana singh
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_place = Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2008-present
| notable_works =
}}

Upasana Sankhwar (born 21 February 1994) is an international model based in Milan, Italy. She is the winner of Miss Mermaid Asia 2018 and won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.<ref>[http://www.newspatrolling.com/upasana-sankhwar-an-uprising-international-beauty-sensation/ Upasana Sankhwar – An Uprising International Beauty Sensation], Newspatrolling.</ref>

==Early life==
Upasana was born and brought up in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India where she completed her early education. Her father is a police officer and mother is house wife. She completed graduation in B.Com and then took air hostess training in Lucknow.

==Career==
She started her modelling career after completing her graduation in 2018. Upasana participated in the Miss mermaid International and won Miss Mermaid Asia 2018. In 2019 she participated in Lady Universe held in Sofia, Bulgaria, and became the 1<sup>st</sup> runner-up.<ref>[https://ladyuniverse.net/2019/contestants/profiles/india/ India – Upasana Sankhwar], Ladyuniverse.</ref> She was also the fourth runner-up at Miss Asia world<ref>[http://wntm.org/ Miss Asia 2019 Upasana Sankhwar India], Wntm.</ref> and the second runner-up of Miss Top International held in Pescara, Italy the same year. In 2020, she won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.

==Awards==
*Hall of Fame Award by The City Hi Life Magazine
*The Crown World Top Next Model
*Miss top International
*World top next model India
*Miss summer international India in Cyprus
*Miss tourism Eurasia held in Antalya, Turkey
*World tourism ambassador Mumbai in Vietnam, Thailand
*Top Model Next Model South Asia
*Miss culture transmission

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|upasanasankhwar_official}}
*{{Facebook|Upasana.Official}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian models]]

Kathir News

2021-04-13T07:03:10Z

Australianartandculture: Logo

{{Infobox website
| name = ''Kathir News''
| logo = Kathir News Logo.png
| logo_caption =
| commercial = No
| type = News, fact check, journalism, analysis
| founder = SG Suryah and Pradeep Gunasekaran
| language = Tamil
| owner = Kathir Media Private Limited
| launched = April 14, 2018
| location = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| url = {{URL|https://kathir.news/}}
}}

'''Kathir News''' is a Tamil digital news platform that publish news and opinions on Tamil Nadu, regional and other parts of the country and provides objective and fact based analysis of current events. It was co-founded by SG Suryah and Pradeep Gunasekaran in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News – A New Ray In Tamil Digital Media|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/kathir-news-%25C3%25A2%25E2%2582%25AC-a-new-ray-in-tamil-digital-media/64257/1|website=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=“The Arrival of Digital Media has accelerated the way information reaches People” – Pradeep Gunasekaran|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-arrival-of-digital-media-has-accelerated-the-way-information-reaches-people--pradeep-gunasekaran-sc17-nu293-ta293-1144009-1.html|date=1 February 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

==History==
The platform was founded in 2018 by Pradeep Gunasekaran a tech guy and Suryah SG a lawyer after they thought of discovering something which would present analytical information rather than the sentimental and biased stuff.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Techie-turned-Journalist takes the plunge with ‘Kathir News’, a platform which provides objective and fact based analysis of current events|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/brandspot/pr-spot/techie-turned-journalist-takes-the-plunge-with-kathir-news-a-platform-which-provides-objective-and-fact-based-analysis-of-current-events-939148.html|date=14 January 2021|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The main purpose to launch Kathir News was to bring out the mainstream and fact-based news to the general public of Tamil Nadu. The portal publish articles, debates, podcast and interviews in various categories including politics, cinema, spirituality, lifestyle and defense and clocks around 4 Million hits a month. Kathir News also has an exclusive section that busts fake news quite often peddled by both mainstream and social media.<ref>{{cite web|first1=M. R.|last1=Subramani|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=A Tamil ‘Right Of Centre’ Website That Is Unmasking Biased, Fake News Providers|url=https://swarajyamag.com/politics/a-tamil-right-of-centre-website-that-is-unmasking-biased-fake-news-providers|website=Swarajyamag}}</ref> They launched a Digital Magazine in February 2021.<ref>{{cite web|first1=M. R.|last1=Subramani|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=A Tamil ‘Right Of Centre’ Website That Is Unmasking Biased, Fake News Providers|url=https://swarajyamag.com/politics/a-tamil-right-of-centre-website-that-is-unmasking-biased-fake-news-providers|website=Swarajyamag}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=BW Online|last1=Bureau|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News: This News Portal Is Changing The Tamil Media Scene|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Kathir-News-This-News-Portal-Is-Changing-The-Tamil-Media-Scene/29-12-2020-359151|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In June 2020, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam IT Cell Secretary, P Thiaga Rajan listed Kathir News as well as some other media outlets critical of the party and discredit them as "fake news websites". However, during an interview with the Business World, Suryah and Pradeep unfettered by it say that it turned out to be a free publicity for them.<ref>{{cite web|first1=BW Online|last1=Bureau|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News: This News Portal Is Changing The Tamil Media Scene|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Kathir-News-This-News-Portal-Is-Changing-The-Tamil-Media-Scene/29-12-2020-359151|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

The Party’s mouthpiece Kalaignar News dubbed the block of Kathir News on Twitter social media platform as a measure against Fake News, while Kathir News denied the same & refuted the allegation by calling it a "technical glitch".

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{URL|https://kathir.news/}}
*{{Facebook|KathirNews}}
*{{Twitter|KathirNews}}
*{{Youtube|c=UCNmIWRu5wzYmIsljoDlPn6Q}}

[[Category:News websites]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2018]]

Kathir News

2021-04-13T07:01:21Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox website
| name = ''Kathir News''
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| commercial = No
| type = News, fact check, journalism, analysis
| founder = SG Suryah and Pradeep Gunasekaran
| language = Tamil
| owner = Kathir Media Private Limited
| launched = April 14, 2018
| location = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| url = {{URL|https://kathir.news/}}
}}

'''Kathir News''' is a Tamil digital news platform that publish news and opinions on Tamil Nadu, regional and other parts of the country and provides objective and fact based analysis of current events. It was co-founded by SG Suryah and Pradeep Gunasekaran in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News – A New Ray In Tamil Digital Media|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/kathir-news-%25C3%25A2%25E2%2582%25AC-a-new-ray-in-tamil-digital-media/64257/1|website=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=“The Arrival of Digital Media has accelerated the way information reaches People” – Pradeep Gunasekaran|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-arrival-of-digital-media-has-accelerated-the-way-information-reaches-people--pradeep-gunasekaran-sc17-nu293-ta293-1144009-1.html|date=1 February 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

==History==
The platform was founded in 2018 by Pradeep Gunasekaran a tech guy and Suryah SG a lawyer after they thought of discovering something which would present analytical information rather than the sentimental and biased stuff.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Techie-turned-Journalist takes the plunge with ‘Kathir News’, a platform which provides objective and fact based analysis of current events|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/brandspot/pr-spot/techie-turned-journalist-takes-the-plunge-with-kathir-news-a-platform-which-provides-objective-and-fact-based-analysis-of-current-events-939148.html|date=14 January 2021|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The main purpose to launch Kathir News was to bring out the mainstream and fact-based news to the general public of Tamil Nadu. The portal publish articles, debates, podcast and interviews in various categories including politics, cinema, spirituality, lifestyle and defense and clocks around 4 Million hits a month. Kathir News also has an exclusive section that busts fake news quite often peddled by both mainstream and social media.<ref>{{cite web|first1=M. R.|last1=Subramani|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=A Tamil ‘Right Of Centre’ Website That Is Unmasking Biased, Fake News Providers|url=https://swarajyamag.com/politics/a-tamil-right-of-centre-website-that-is-unmasking-biased-fake-news-providers|website=Swarajyamag}}</ref> They launched a Digital Magazine in February 2021.<ref>{{cite web|first1=M. R.|last1=Subramani|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=A Tamil ‘Right Of Centre’ Website That Is Unmasking Biased, Fake News Providers|url=https://swarajyamag.com/politics/a-tamil-right-of-centre-website-that-is-unmasking-biased-fake-news-providers|website=Swarajyamag}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=BW Online|last1=Bureau|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News: This News Portal Is Changing The Tamil Media Scene|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Kathir-News-This-News-Portal-Is-Changing-The-Tamil-Media-Scene/29-12-2020-359151|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In June 2020, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam IT Cell Secretary, P Thiaga Rajan listed Kathir News as well as some other media outlets critical of the party and discredit them as "fake news websites". However, during an interview with the Business World, Suryah and Pradeep unfettered by it say that it turned out to be a free publicity for them.<ref>{{cite web|first1=BW Online|last1=Bureau|accessdate=2021-04-12|title=Kathir News: This News Portal Is Changing The Tamil Media Scene|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Kathir-News-This-News-Portal-Is-Changing-The-Tamil-Media-Scene/29-12-2020-359151|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

The Party’s mouthpiece Kalaignar News dubbed the block of Kathir News on Twitter social media platform as a measure against Fake News, while Kathir News denied the same & refuted the allegation by calling it a "technical glitch".

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{URL|https://kathir.news/}}
*{{Facebook|KathirNews}}
*{{Twitter|KathirNews}}
*{{Youtube|c=UCNmIWRu5wzYmIsljoDlPn6Q}}

[[Category:News websites]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2018]]

User:Australianartandculture/sandbox

2021-04-13T06:59:40Z

Australianartandculture: Blank

Kathir News

2021-04-13T06:59:31Z

Australianartandculture: Publish

User:Australianartandculture/sandbox

2021-04-12T19:20:13Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox website | name = ''Kathir News'' | logo = | logo_caption = | commercial = No | type = News, fact check, journalism, analysis | founder..."

Kapilakshi Malhotra

2021-04-11T18:26:40Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox person
| name = Kapilakshi Malhotra
| image = Kapilakshi_Malhotra.jpg
| alt = Kapilakshi Malhotra
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|10|15}}
| birth_place =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Prema Pipasi]]
| notable_works =
}}

'''Kapilakshi Malhotra''' is an Indian film actress from [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/kapilakshi-malhotra-is-an-enthralling-artist-with-an-interesting-journey/story-MLsSjpJNLsvkoefNiDpWlK.html Kapilakshi Malhotra is an enthralling artist with an interesting journey], Hindustan Times.</ref> She appeared in ''Prema Pipasi'' a [[Tollywood]] film which got released in the first quarter of 2021. Malhotra is currently working on a [[Netflix]] murder mystery, ''The Link'', produced by Mahesh Edara.<ref>[https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sizzling-kapilakshi-malhotra-s-upcoming-movie-the-link-on-netflix-in-2021-2874978 Sizzling Kapilakshi Malhotra's upcoming movie - The Link on Netflix in 2021], DNA INDIA.</ref>

==Early life and career==
Kapilakshi born and brought up in Jaipur in October 1996 and completed her graduation in Mass communication. After completing her graduation she moved to Hyderabad to pursue her career in the modeling industry and worked with several fashion designers as well as modeled for catalogue shoots. In 2019, she started giving auditions for films and got selected for a Tollywood film and made her debut in Murali Ramaswamy directed film ''Prema Pipasi''. Kapilakshi was a theatre artist before she was selected to play the lead role in ''Prema Pipasi''.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-04-11|title=Kapilakshi Malhotra is an enthralling artist with an interesting journey|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/kapilakshi-malhotra-is-an-enthralling-artist-with-an-interesting-journey/story-MLsSjpJNLsvkoefNiDpWlK.html|date=17 June 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|kapilakshimalhotra}}
*{{Facebook|kapilakshimalhotra01}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11345539}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian_models]]

Category:Articles with a promotional tone from April 2021

2021-04-11T12:06:09Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "__HIDDENCAT__"

__HIDDENCAT__

Category:All articles with a promotional tone

2021-04-11T12:05:49Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "__HIDDENCAT__"

__HIDDENCAT__

Category:Musicians from Bihar

2021-04-11T12:05:25Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{CatAutoTOC}}"

Ravi Tripathi

2021-04-11T12:05:17Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{advert|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Ravi K. Tripathi
| image = Ravi K Tripathi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| birth_date = 4 February
| birth_place = Pratapgarh,[[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-9663148.html|title=बड़े परदे पर थिरकेंगे सिंगर रवि|date=14 September 2012|publisher=Jagran}}</ref>
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer 
| alias =
| origin =
| genre = [[Bollywood]]
| years_active = 2006–present
| label = [[Times Music]], Fountain Music Company, WorldWide Records
| associated_acts = [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Ankit Tiwari]]
| website = {{URL|www.ravitripathi.com}}
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}

'''Ravi K. Tripathi''' (born on 4 February) is an Indian [[playback singer]], [[composer]] and [[music director]]. He competed on the television music reality show [[Indian Idol]] season 2 in 2006. Tripathi was the only Indian artist to have been invited to perform and represent India at the closing ceremony of [[Asian games 2010]], in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]].<ref name=TOI>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/I-enjoyed-singing-in-Chinese-Ravi-Tripathi/articleshow/19489351.cms?from=mdr |title=I enjoyed singing in Chinese: Ravi K. Tripathi |newspaper=Times of India|date=11 April 2013 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tzanelli|first=Rodanthi|date= 2016|title= Mobility, Modernity and the Slum: The Real and Virtual Journeys of 'Slumdog Millionaire'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R75mCgAAQBAJ&pg|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name=HT>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/jai-ho-to-mesmerise-audience-at-asian-games-in-china/story-2mn4CnK2Ve1I7KNvEG2FvI.html |title=Jai Ho to mesmerise audience at Asian Games in China |publisher=HT|date=14 November 2010 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=ET>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-14/news/27621184_1_indian-flavour-closing-ceremonies-operation-centre-ravi-k-tripathi|title=Indian flavour in Asian Games closing ceremony|newspaper=Economic Times|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1051214/asp/calcutta/story_5599015.asp|title=Ravi K. Tripathi, whom Sonu found below par, edged past Kshitij, thanks to the audience favour for the Mumbai man.|date=14 December 2005|newspaper=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-26304-10|title=मुख्य अतिथि पार्श्व गायक रवि त्रिपाठी ने कहा कि महोत्सव तो बहुत सारे होते हैं लेकिन महाकाल महोत्सव में लोक उत्सव होता है।|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-21391-10|title=रवि का अभिनय में भी दिखेगा जलवा|date=5 October 2012|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2005, Tripathi participated in the second season of Indian music reality show [[Indian Idol]] and was the top finalist. Tripathi hosted singing reality show Close Up Performer<ref name=NDTV/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20amey.htm|title=Swing to Chandni Chowk To China's music|publisher=|date=27 December 2008|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-indian-idol-2-the-first-look-9380|title=‘Indian Idol 2’:The first look|publisher=DNA India|date=11 November 2005|accessdate=}}</ref> on [[Doordarshan]] in 2008. His first solo album, Baatain, was released on 26 February 2009, by [[Times Music]] which received good response<ref name=BTN>{{cite web|url=http://m.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/mumbai/other-news/-/articleshow/6985407.cms|title=रवि झलकेंगे एशियाड क्लोजिंग सेरिमनी में|publisher=Nav Bharat Times | newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=25 November 2010}}</ref> and in the same year he debuted in Bollywood with the song India Se Aaya Tera Dost from [[Bollywood]] film [[Chandni Chowk to China]]. In 2010, Tripathi was invited to perform at the closing ceremony of [[2010 Asian Games|Asian Games]] held in Guangzhou, China and became the only Indian performer of note after actor [[Raj Kapoor]] to have entertained the Chinese audience. According to a report published by [[Hindustan Times]] In January and February, the Chinese government gave him a 15-show contract to take a 50-member troupe to China. His second album Sri Siddhivinayak Morya was released in the same year by Worldwide Records.<ref name=SSV>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/ravi-tripathi-releases-ganpati-album/|title=Ravi K. Tripathi releases Ganpati album|date=1 October 2010|publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> He has also lent his voice to some TV shows including [[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]].<ref name=HT1>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/china-hums-to-lucknow-singer-s-tune/story-GOX4IoEdiFlpbRfCoHXIzO.html |title=China hums to Lucknow singer's tune |publisher=हिन्दुस्तान टाईम्स|date=15 November 2010 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=NDTV>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lucknow-boy-to-sing-ar-rahmans-jai-ho-at-asian-games-closing-ceremony-439208?site=full|title=Lucknow boy to sing AR Rahman's 'Jai Ho' at Asian Games' closing ceremony|publisher=NDTV|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.com/news/india/spectacular-fireworks-end-16th-asian-games-353235.html|title=Spectacular fireworks end 16th Asian Games|publisher=IBN Live|date=27 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jammu-singer-gets-asiad-invite-with--proper-chinese-visa/1/120854.html|title=Jammu singer gets Asiad invite with ' proper' Chinese visa|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=23 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=Samay>{{cite web|url=http://www.samaylive.com/sports-news-in-hindi/104094/www.samaylive.com/cricket/world-cup-2011/international-team.html|title=एशियार्इ खेल में गूंजेगा ’जय हो...’ |publisher=Sahara Samay|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dainiktribuneonline.com/2010/11/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5/|title=अदभुत आतिशबाजी के साथ ग्वांग्झू ने कहा अलविदा|publisher=Dainik Tribune|date=28 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/eastward-ho-3/|title=Eastward Ho|publisher=Indian Express|date=24 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNMUM192494|title=Crooning for Asian Games closing ceremony|publisher=DNA India|date=11 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment/2010/11/101125_ravi_pkp.shtml|title=रवि त्रिपाठी ग्वांगजो एशियाई खेलों के समापन समारोह में गाना गाएंगे.|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=25 November 2010}}</ref>

In 2017, he composed and produced a song Main Bharat Bol Raha Hoon, which received 129 thousand views on YouTube in 3 weeks. The song was featured by Ravi K. Tripathi, [[Kailash Kher]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Mayuresh Pai]] and [[Anant Bhardwaj]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/india-news/geeta-phogat-pledges-to-have-two-children|title=यूपी के रहने वाले गायक रवि त्रिपाठी का अहम योगदान|date=10 July 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-ncr-geeta-phogat-will-be-role-models-of-population-control-campaign-16340414.html|title=इसमें पाश्र्व गायक शान, सुरेश वाडेकर, कैलाश खेर, अंकित तिवारी और रवि के त्रिपाठी समेत अन्य ने आवाज दी है।|date=10 July 2017|publisher=Jagran}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date=10 July 2017 |title= Main Bharat Bol Raha Hoon |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rSkSZVx7Jtg |time= 4:33|location=YouTube |publisher=Taxpayers Association of Bharat |ref=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/population-rise-at-root-of-india-s-troubles-says-advocacy-group-117071000927_1.html }}</ref>

===Albums ===
* Baatain<ref name=BTN />
* More Krishna
* Shri Sidhivinayak Morya<ref name=SSV/>
* Kinara
* Dhuan Dhuan
* Inkaar
* Radhe Radhe

===Television ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
!width=140| Show
!width=140| Role
!width=140| Channel
|-
|2006
|[[Indian Idol]] (season 2)
|Participant (Top 6 finalist)
|[[Sony TV]]
|-
|2008
|[[Doordarshan|Close-up Performer]]
|Host
|[[Doordarshan]]
|-
|}

=== Discography ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Film/Album !! Note
|-
| 2009 || "India se aya tera dost" || ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]'' ||singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/chandni-chowk-to-china-is-entertaining-ians-music-review_100135431.html|title=‘Chandni Chowk To China’ is entertaining|publisher=Thai Indian|date=27 December 2008|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|
|Red Affair
|Music director
|-
|2017
|
|Red Signal
|Music director and singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dabangdunia.co/news/entertainment/30682.html|title=‘रेड सिग्नल’ को कैलाश ने दी आवाज|publisher=Dabang Duniya|date=25 January 2016|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinenews.co.in/singer-kailash-kher-sings-for-hindi-film-red-signal%E2%80%8F/|title=Ravi K Tripathi makes debut as a music director|date=24 January 2016|publisher=cinenews.co.in}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|
|Laajwanti Online
|Music director
|-
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language
|-
| 2013 || Boji ayee hmaar angna|| Kishan (male lead) || [[Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-9663148.html|title=बड़े परदे पर थिरकेंगे सिंगर रवि|publisher=Dainik Jagran|date=14 September 2012|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=AU>{{cite web|url=http://amarujala.com//news/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-21391-10/|title=रवि का अभिनय में भी दिखेगा जलवा |publisher=Amar Ujala|date=5 October 2012|accessdate=}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and recognition==
*In November 2010, Tripathi was honoured by the overseas Indian community at the Hague, Holland.
*In November 2016, he was received Uttar Pradesh Ratan Award by [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] for his contribution in music industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar/kushinagar-festiwal-finished#.WX4uQPYSkas.whatsapp|title=गायक रवि त्रिपाठी आदि को उत्तर प्रदेश रत्न सम्मान से सम्मानित किया।|publisher=Amarujala|date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ravitripathi.com/?page_id=9 Print media news articles]
*[http://www.hungama.com/artist/ravi-tripathi/1593816/ Ravi K. Tripathi at Hungama.com]
*[https://itunes.apple.com/it/artist/ravi-tripathi/id290296733?l=en iTunes profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Ravi K.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bollywood playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Ravi Tripathi

2021-04-11T12:03:35Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{advert|date=August April 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Ravi K. Tripathi
| image = Ravi K Tripathi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| birth_date = 4 February
| birth_place = Pratapgarh,[[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-9663148.html|title=बड़े परदे पर थिरकेंगे सिंगर रवि|date=14 September 2012|publisher=Jagran}}</ref>
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer 
| alias =
| origin =
| genre = [[Bollywood]]
| years_active = 2006–present
| label = [[Times Music]], Fountain Music Company, WorldWide Records
| associated_acts = [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Ankit Tiwari]]
| website = {{URL|www.ravitripathi.com}}
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}

'''Ravi K. Tripathi''' (born on 4 February) is an Indian [[playback singer]], [[composer]] and [[music director]]. He competed on the television music reality show [[Indian Idol]] season 2 in 2006. Tripathi was the only Indian artist to have been invited to perform and represent India at the closing ceremony of [[Asian games 2010]], in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]].<ref name=TOI>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/I-enjoyed-singing-in-Chinese-Ravi-Tripathi/articleshow/19489351.cms?from=mdr |title=I enjoyed singing in Chinese: Ravi K. Tripathi |newspaper=Times of India|date=11 April 2013 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tzanelli|first=Rodanthi|date= 2016|title= Mobility, Modernity and the Slum: The Real and Virtual Journeys of 'Slumdog Millionaire'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R75mCgAAQBAJ&pg|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name=HT>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/jai-ho-to-mesmerise-audience-at-asian-games-in-china/story-2mn4CnK2Ve1I7KNvEG2FvI.html |title=Jai Ho to mesmerise audience at Asian Games in China |publisher=HT|date=14 November 2010 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=ET>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-14/news/27621184_1_indian-flavour-closing-ceremonies-operation-centre-ravi-k-tripathi|title=Indian flavour in Asian Games closing ceremony|newspaper=Economic Times|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1051214/asp/calcutta/story_5599015.asp|title=Ravi K. Tripathi, whom Sonu found below par, edged past Kshitij, thanks to the audience favour for the Mumbai man.|date=14 December 2005|newspaper=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-26304-10|title=मुख्य अतिथि पार्श्व गायक रवि त्रिपाठी ने कहा कि महोत्सव तो बहुत सारे होते हैं लेकिन महाकाल महोत्सव में लोक उत्सव होता है।|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-21391-10|title=रवि का अभिनय में भी दिखेगा जलवा|date=5 October 2012|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2005, Tripathi participated in the second season of Indian music reality show [[Indian Idol]] and was the top finalist. Tripathi hosted singing reality show Close Up Performer<ref name=NDTV/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20amey.htm|title=Swing to Chandni Chowk To China's music|publisher=|date=27 December 2008|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-indian-idol-2-the-first-look-9380|title=‘Indian Idol 2’:The first look|publisher=DNA India|date=11 November 2005|accessdate=}}</ref> on [[Doordarshan]] in 2008. His first solo album, Baatain, was released on 26 February 2009, by [[Times Music]] which received good response<ref name=BTN>{{cite web|url=http://m.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/mumbai/other-news/-/articleshow/6985407.cms|title=रवि झलकेंगे एशियाड क्लोजिंग सेरिमनी में|publisher=Nav Bharat Times | newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=25 November 2010}}</ref> and in the same year he debuted in Bollywood with the song India Se Aaya Tera Dost from [[Bollywood]] film [[Chandni Chowk to China]]. In 2010, Tripathi was invited to perform at the closing ceremony of [[2010 Asian Games|Asian Games]] held in Guangzhou, China and became the only Indian performer of note after actor [[Raj Kapoor]] to have entertained the Chinese audience. According to a report published by [[Hindustan Times]] In January and February, the Chinese government gave him a 15-show contract to take a 50-member troupe to China. His second album Sri Siddhivinayak Morya was released in the same year by Worldwide Records.<ref name=SSV>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/ravi-tripathi-releases-ganpati-album/|title=Ravi K. Tripathi releases Ganpati album|date=1 October 2010|publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> He has also lent his voice to some TV shows including [[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]].<ref name=HT1>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/china-hums-to-lucknow-singer-s-tune/story-GOX4IoEdiFlpbRfCoHXIzO.html |title=China hums to Lucknow singer's tune |publisher=हिन्दुस्तान टाईम्स|date=15 November 2010 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=NDTV>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lucknow-boy-to-sing-ar-rahmans-jai-ho-at-asian-games-closing-ceremony-439208?site=full|title=Lucknow boy to sing AR Rahman's 'Jai Ho' at Asian Games' closing ceremony|publisher=NDTV|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.com/news/india/spectacular-fireworks-end-16th-asian-games-353235.html|title=Spectacular fireworks end 16th Asian Games|publisher=IBN Live|date=27 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jammu-singer-gets-asiad-invite-with--proper-chinese-visa/1/120854.html|title=Jammu singer gets Asiad invite with ' proper' Chinese visa|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=23 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=Samay>{{cite web|url=http://www.samaylive.com/sports-news-in-hindi/104094/www.samaylive.com/cricket/world-cup-2011/international-team.html|title=एशियार्इ खेल में गूंजेगा ’जय हो...’ |publisher=Sahara Samay|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dainiktribuneonline.com/2010/11/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5/|title=अदभुत आतिशबाजी के साथ ग्वांग्झू ने कहा अलविदा|publisher=Dainik Tribune|date=28 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/eastward-ho-3/|title=Eastward Ho|publisher=Indian Express|date=24 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNMUM192494|title=Crooning for Asian Games closing ceremony|publisher=DNA India|date=11 November 2010|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment/2010/11/101125_ravi_pkp.shtml|title=रवि त्रिपाठी ग्वांगजो एशियाई खेलों के समापन समारोह में गाना गाएंगे.|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=25 November 2010}}</ref>

In 2017, he composed and produced a song Main Bharat Bol Raha Hoon, which received 129 thousand views on YouTube in 3 weeks. The song was featured by Ravi K. Tripathi, [[Kailash Kher]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Mayuresh Pai]] and [[Anant Bhardwaj]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/india-news/geeta-phogat-pledges-to-have-two-children|title=यूपी के रहने वाले गायक रवि त्रिपाठी का अहम योगदान|date=10 July 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-ncr-geeta-phogat-will-be-role-models-of-population-control-campaign-16340414.html|title=इसमें पाश्र्व गायक शान, सुरेश वाडेकर, कैलाश खेर, अंकित तिवारी और रवि के त्रिपाठी समेत अन्य ने आवाज दी है।|date=10 July 2017|publisher=Jagran}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date=10 July 2017 |title= Main Bharat Bol Raha Hoon |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rSkSZVx7Jtg |time= 4:33|location=YouTube |publisher=Taxpayers Association of Bharat |ref=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/population-rise-at-root-of-india-s-troubles-says-advocacy-group-117071000927_1.html }}</ref>

===Albums ===
* Baatain<ref name=BTN />
* More Krishna
* Shri Sidhivinayak Morya<ref name=SSV/>
* Kinara
* Dhuan Dhuan
* Inkaar
* Radhe Radhe

===Television ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
!width=140| Show
!width=140| Role
!width=140| Channel
|-
|2006
|[[Indian Idol]] (season 2)
|Participant (Top 6 finalist)
|[[Sony TV]]
|-
|2008
|[[Doordarshan|Close-up Performer]]
|Host
|[[Doordarshan]]
|-
|}

=== Discography ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Film/Album !! Note
|-
| 2009 || "India se aya tera dost" || ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]'' ||singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/chandni-chowk-to-china-is-entertaining-ians-music-review_100135431.html|title=‘Chandni Chowk To China’ is entertaining|publisher=Thai Indian|date=27 December 2008|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|
|Red Affair
|Music director
|-
|2017
|
|Red Signal
|Music director and singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dabangdunia.co/news/entertainment/30682.html|title=‘रेड सिग्नल’ को कैलाश ने दी आवाज|publisher=Dabang Duniya|date=25 January 2016|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinenews.co.in/singer-kailash-kher-sings-for-hindi-film-red-signal%E2%80%8F/|title=Ravi K Tripathi makes debut as a music director|date=24 January 2016|publisher=cinenews.co.in}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|
|Laajwanti Online
|Music director
|-
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language
|-
| 2013 || Boji ayee hmaar angna|| Kishan (male lead) || [[Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-9663148.html|title=बड़े परदे पर थिरकेंगे सिंगर रवि|publisher=Dainik Jagran|date=14 September 2012|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=AU>{{cite web|url=http://amarujala.com//news/pratapgarh/Pratapgarh-21391-10/|title=रवि का अभिनय में भी दिखेगा जलवा |publisher=Amar Ujala|date=5 October 2012|accessdate=}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and recognition==
*In November 2010, Tripathi was honoured by the overseas Indian community at the Hague, Holland.
*In November 2016, he was received Uttar Pradesh Ratan Award by [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] for his contribution in music industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar/kushinagar-festiwal-finished#.WX4uQPYSkas.whatsapp|title=गायक रवि त्रिपाठी आदि को उत्तर प्रदेश रत्न सम्मान से सम्मानित किया।|publisher=Amarujala|date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ravitripathi.com/?page_id=9 Print media news articles]
*[http://www.hungama.com/artist/ravi-tripathi/1593816/ Ravi K. Tripathi at Hungama.com]
*[https://itunes.apple.com/it/artist/ravi-tripathi/id290296733?l=en iTunes profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Ravi K.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bollywood playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Upasana Singh

2021-04-06T19:11:22Z

Australianartandculture: Redirected page to Upasana Sankhwar

#REDIRECT [[Upasana Sankhwar]]

Upasana Sankhwar

2021-04-06T19:11:05Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Upasana Sankhwar | image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg | alt = Upasana singh | image_size = 200px | birth_name = <!-- only..."

{{Infobox person
| name = Upasana Sankhwar
| image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg
| alt = Upasana singh
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_place = Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2008-present
| notable_works =
}}

Upasana Sankhwar (born 21 February 1994) is an international model based in Milan, Italy. She is the winner of Miss Mermaid Asia 2018 and won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.<ref>[http://www.newspatrolling.com/upasana-sankhwar-an-uprising-international-beauty-sensation/ Upasana Sankhwar – An Uprising International Beauty Sensation], Newspatrolling.</ref>

==Early life==
Upasana was born and brought up in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India where she completed her early education. She completed graduation in B.Com.

==Career==
She started her modelling career after completing her graduation in 2018. Upasana participated in the Miss mermaid International and won Miss Mermaid Asia 2018. In 2019 she participated in Lady Universe held in Sofia, Bulgaria, and became the 1<sup>st</sup> runner-up.<ref>[https://ladyuniverse.net/2019/contestants/profiles/india/ India – Upasana Sankhwar], Ladyuniverse.</ref> She was also the fourth runner-up at Miss Asia world<ref>[http://wntm.org/ Miss Asia 2019 Upasana Sankhwar India], Wntm.</ref> and the second runner-up of Miss Top International held in Pescara, Italy the same year. In 2020, she won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.

==Awards==
*The Crown World Top Next Model
*Miss top International
*World top next model India
*Miss summer international India in Cyprus
*Miss tourism Eurasia held in Antalya, Turkey
*World tourism ambassador Mumbai in Vietnam, Thailand
*Top Model Next Model South Asia

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|upasanasankhwar_official}}
*{{Facebook|Upasana.Official}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian models]]

Upasana Singh

2021-04-06T19:08:01Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox person
| name = Upasana Sankhwar
| image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg
| alt = Upasana singh
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_place = Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2008-present
| notable_works =
}}

Upasana Sankhwar (born 21 February 1994) is an international model based in Milan, Italy. She is the winner of Miss Mermaid Asia 2018 and won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.<ref>[http://www.newspatrolling.com/upasana-sankhwar-an-uprising-international-beauty-sensation/ Upasana Sankhwar – An Uprising International Beauty Sensation], Newspatrolling.</ref>

==Early life==
Upasana was born and brought up in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India where she completed her early education. She completed graduation in B.Com.

==Career==
She started her modelling career after completing her graduation in 2018. Upasana participated in the Miss mermaid International and won Miss Mermaid Asia 2018. In 2019 she participated in Lady Universe held in Sofia, Bulgaria, and became the 1<sup>st</sup> runner-up.<ref>[https://ladyuniverse.net/2019/contestants/profiles/india/ India – Upasana Sankhwar], Ladyuniverse.</ref> She was also the fourth runner-up at Miss Asia world<ref>[http://wntm.org/ Miss Asia 2019 Upasana Sankhwar India], Wntm.</ref> and the second runner-up of Miss Top International held in Pescara, Italy the same year. In 2020, she won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.

==Awards==
*The Crown World Top Next Model
*Miss top International
*World top next model India
*Miss summer international India in Cyprus
*Miss tourism Eurasia held in Antalya, Turkey
*World tourism ambassador Mumbai in Vietnam, Thailand
*Top Model Next Model South Asia

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|upasanasankhwar_official}}
*{{Facebook|Upasana.Official}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian models]]

Upasana Singh

2021-04-06T19:07:32Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Upasana Sankhwar | image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg | alt = Upasana singh | image_size = 200px | birth_name = <!-- only..."

{{Infobox person
| name = Upasana Sankhwar
| image = Upasana_Sankhwar.jpg
| alt = Upasana singh
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_place = Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2008-present
| notable_works =
}}

Upasana Sankhwar (born 21 February 1994) is an international model based in Milan, Italy. She is the winner of Miss Mermaid Asia 2018 and won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.<ref>[http://www.newspatrolling.com/upasana-sankhwar-an-uprising-international-beauty-sensation/ Upasana Sankhwar – An Uprising International Beauty Sensation], Newspatrolling.</ref>

==Early life==
Upasana was born and brought up in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India where she completed her early education. She completed graduation in B.Com.

==Career==
She started her modelling career after completing her graduation in 2018. Upasana participated in the Miss mermaid International and won Miss Mermaid Asia 2018. In 2019 she participated in Lady Universe held in Sofia, Bulgaria, and became the 1<sup>st</sup> runner-up.<ref>[https://ladyuniverse.net/2019/contestants/profiles/india/ India – Upasana Sankhwar], Ladyuniverse.</ref> She was also the fourth runner-up at Miss Asia world<ref>[http://wntm.org/ Miss Asia 2019 Upasana Sankhwar India], Wntm.</ref> and the second runner-up of Miss Top International held in Pescara, Italy the same year. In 2020, she won the Hotstepper Model of the year 2020 award.

==Awards==
*The Crown World Top Next Model
*Miss top International
*World top next model India
*Miss summer international India in Cyprus
*Miss tourism Eurasia held in Antalya, Turkey
*World tourism ambassador Mumbai in Vietnam, Thailand
*Top Model Next Model South Asia

==References==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|upasanasankhwar_official}}
*{{Facebook|Upasana.Official}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian models]]

Kapilakshi Malhotra

2021-04-05T19:02:03Z

Australianartandculture: Category:Indian model -> Category:Indian models:

Kapilakshi Malhotra

2021-04-05T19:01:40Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Kapilakshi Malhotra | image = Kapilakshi_Malhotra.jpg | alt = Kapilakshi Malhotra | image_size = 200px | birth_name..."

Udit Kumar

2021-04-05T18:59:24Z

Australianartandculture:

{{Infobox person
| name = Udit Kumar
| image = Udit_Kumar.png
| alt = Udit Kumar
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|08|30}}
| birth_place =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Entrepreneur
| years_active =
| notable_works = UDIT MEDIA
}}

'''Udit Kumar''' (born 30 August 2000) is an Indian entrepreneur.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/301220/young-entrepreneur-udit-kumar-redefines-businesses-with-his-marketing.html Young entrepreneur Udit Kumar redefines businesses with his marketing strategies], Deccanchronicle.</ref>. He is the founder and CEO of UDIT MEDIA, a Patna-based digital marketing agency which has $100,000 annual revenue.<ref>[https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/young-entrepreneur-udit-kumar-redefines-businesses-with-his-marketing-strategies/64825/1 Young entrepreneur Udit Kumar redefines businesses with his marketing strategies], Forbes India.</ref> Udit has spent the majority of his childhood time studying the Internet.<ref>[https://www.dnaindia.com/technology/report-internet-has-revolutionised-the-world-around-us-says-digital-marketer-udit-kumar-2865121 Internet has revolutionised the world around us, says Digital Marketer Udit Kumar], DNA India.</ref><ref>[https://in.news.yahoo.com/udit-kumar-asia-youngest-sales-072801387.html Udit Kumar – Asia’s youngest Sales Funnel and Marketing Expert], Yahoo .</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/udit-kumar-seasonal-actors-must-have-alternative-earnings/articleshow/79815948.cms Udit Kumar : Seasonal actors must have alternative earnings], Indiaofindia.</ref>.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|uditsays}}
*{{Facebook|uditsays}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11795607}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

Udit Kumar

2021-04-05T18:53:35Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Udit Kumar | image = Udit_Kumar.png | alt = Udit Kumar | image_size = 200px | birth_name = <!-- only use if differen..."

{{Infobox person
| name = Udit Kumar
| image = Udit_Kumar.png
| alt = Udit Kumar
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|08|20}}
| birth_place =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Entrepreneur
| years_active =
| notable_works = UDIT MEDIA
}}

'''Udit Kumar''' (born 20 August 2000) is an Indian entrepreneur.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/301220/young-entrepreneur-udit-kumar-redefines-businesses-with-his-marketing.html Young entrepreneur Udit Kumar redefines businesses with his marketing strategies], Deccanchronicle.</ref>. He is the founder and CEO of UDIT MEDIA, a Patna-based digital marketing agency which has $100,000 annual revenue.<ref>[https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/young-entrepreneur-udit-kumar-redefines-businesses-with-his-marketing-strategies/64825/1 Young entrepreneur Udit Kumar redefines businesses with his marketing strategies], Forbes India.</ref> Udit has spent the majority of his childhood time studying the Internet.<ref>[https://www.dnaindia.com/technology/report-internet-has-revolutionised-the-world-around-us-says-digital-marketer-udit-kumar-2865121 Internet has revolutionised the world around us, says Digital Marketer Udit Kumar], DNA India.</ref><ref>[https://in.news.yahoo.com/udit-kumar-asia-youngest-sales-072801387.html Udit Kumar – Asia’s youngest Sales Funnel and Marketing Expert], Yahoo .</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/udit-kumar-seasonal-actors-must-have-alternative-earnings/articleshow/79815948.cms Udit Kumar : Seasonal actors must have alternative earnings], Indiaofindia.</ref>.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Instagram|uditsays}}
*{{Facebook|uditsays}}
*{{IMDb name|nm11795607}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University

2021-04-04T05:14:24Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox university | name = Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University | motto = | mottoeng = Rise fro..."

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University
| motto =
| mottoeng = Rise from Darkness to Light
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|1966|2|9}}
| chancellor = {{UP governor}}
| vice_chancellor = Dr. D. R. Singh
| city = [[Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Kalyanpur]], [[Kanpur]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| free_label =
| free =
| type = [[State university (India)|State University (Government)]]
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]
| nickname =
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| former_names = Kanpur University
| logo =
| image = Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University logo.png
| caption =

|coor={{Coord|26.4983|N|80.2658|E|type:edu_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}}
}}
[[image:CSJM University.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]]
'''Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University''' ('''CSJMU'''), formerly '''Kanpur University''', is a public state university located in [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is administered under the state legislature of the government of Uttar Pradesh.

==History==
Kanpur University was established in 1966 when [[Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University|Agra University]] split into Agra and Kanpur universities. [[Mayawati]], as chief minister, changed the name from Kanpur University to the current name, after the Maharaja of the Indian princely state of [[Kolhapur]] between 1884 and 1922, [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu IV of Kolhapur]], also known as Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj.

==Facilities==
[[File:Kanpur univ auditorium.JPG|thumb|Auditorium]]
The campus is spread across 264 acres. While the undergraduate and post-graduate programmes in Art, Science, Commerce, Law, Engineering and Medicine are offered in affiliated colleges and institutions, the residential wing of the campus includes faculties of Life Sciences, Business Management, Education and English.
There are separate hostel, academic and administrative blocks.

==Location==
The main university campus is situated on [[Grand Trunk Road]], 17 km from [[Kanpur Central railway station]], 4 km from [[Kalianpur railway station]] and 28 km from [[Kanpur Airport]].

==Administration and academic calendar==
The administration is the Chancellor, the Vice Chancellor and the members of the executive council, the court and the academic council of the university.

The Kulpati (Vice-Chancellor) is a whole-time salaried officer of the university and is appointed by the chancellor from amongst the names submitted to him by a committee constituted in accordance with the provisions above U.P. Universities Act 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanpuruniversity.org/vice_chancellor.htm|title=Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur|website=www.kanpuruniversity.org}}</ref>

The individual departments are under the direct supervision of their appointed directors, and each sub-department has its head.

The University starts its academic session in the month of July. Regular exams are started in the month of February and the results are announced in the second week of May.

==Departments and institutes==
*Deen Dayal Shodh Sansthan
*Department of Adult and Continuing Education and Extension
*Department of Education
*Department of English
*Department of Fine Arts and Painting
*Department of Library and Information Science
*Department of Master of Social Work (MSW)
*Department of Music
*Department of Physical Education
*Institute of Business Management
*Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology
*Institute of Journalism and Mass Communication
*Institute of Life Sciences
*Institute of Pharmacy
*[[University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kanpur University]]; formerly known as Institute of Engineering and Technology
*University Institute of Health Sciences
*Institute of Hotel Management
*University Placement Cell

==Notable alumni==
{{Main|:Category:Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University alumni}}

===Government and politics===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Ram Nath Kovind]], [[President of India]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Nath-Kovind|title=Ram Nath Kovind|date=4 April 2018|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]], [[Minister of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of Science and Technology]], [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] and [[Ministry of Earth Sciences|Earth Sciences]], attended [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]], graduated in 1979 with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
*[[Gopal Khanna]], 5th director of the [[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality]]
*[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]], MLA and former Cabinet Minister in [[Uttar Pradesh Government]]
*[[Ram Gopal Yadav]], MP
*[[Naresh Uttam Patel]], MLC and state president of [[Samajwadi Party]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]])
*[[Lalji Verma]], MLA<ref>https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4380</ref>
*[[Nafees Ahmad]], MLA
*[[Harvindar Kumar Sahani]], MLA
*[[Sarita Bhadauria]], MLA
*[[Adesh Kumar Gupta]], state president of [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] ([[Delhi]])
*[[Arvind Pratap]], MLC
*[[Sone Lal Patel]], founder of [[Apna Dal]]
*[[Subhashini Ali]], former MP and Polit Beuro member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*[[Annu Tandon]], former MP
*[[Premdas Katheria]], former MP
*[[Sushila Saroj]], former MP
*[[Ashok Kumar Doharey]], former MP
{{div col end}}

===Academics===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Renu Khator]], chancellor of the [[University of Houston System]] and president of the [[University of Houston]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cla.purdue.edu/alumni/OurAlumni/Profiles/Khator,_Renu.html|title=RENU KHATOR // Purdue College of Liberal Arts|last=Arts|first=College of Liberal|website=Purdue College of Liberal Arts|language=en|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref>
*[[Sarvagya Singh Katiyar]], former vice chancellor of Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, [[Padma Bhushan]] and [[Padma Shri]].
*[[Raj Kumar (professor)|Raj Kumar]], founder director of [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh]] and now vice chancellor of [[Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences]]
*[[Onkar Singh]], founder vice chancellor of [[Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology]]
*[[Rakesh Bhatnagar]], vice chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]]
*[[Ghanshyam Swarup]], Molecular biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
*[[Hargovind Bhargava]], Economist
{{div col end}}

===Others===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Mohammad Kaif]], cricketer (dropout)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/news/UP-ALAH-mohammad-kaif-birthday-special-story-5758507-PHO.html|title=इस ग्लैमरस लड़की का हसबैंड है ये क्रिकेटर, नहीं पूरा कर पाया ग्रैजुएशन|date=1 December 2017|website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>
*[[Anny Divya]], pilot, attended [[Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi]], graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Aviation
*[[Veena Sahasrabuddhe]], vocalist and composer of Hindustani classical music
*[[Rahul Mishra]], won the International Woolmark Prize in 2014 at Milan Fashion Week
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kanpuruniversity.org Official website]
*[https://careerklap.com/kanpur-university-result-csjmu-result/ Kanpur University Exam Results]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1966]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Kanpur University

2021-04-04T05:13:43Z

Australianartandculture: Redirected page to Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University

#REDIRECT [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]]

Nagaland

2021-04-04T05:13:11Z

Australianartandculture: Created page with "'''Nagaland''' is a northeastern state in the Republic of India. It has an area of {{convert|6,401|mi2}}. It is bigger than East Timor but smaller than Eswatini. I..."

'''Nagaland''' is a northeastern state in the [[Republic of India]]. It has an area of {{convert|6,401|mi2}}. It is bigger than [[East Timor]] but smaller than [[Eswatini]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North-east India]]n zone.

==Provincial symbols of Nagaland==
<gallery>
Image:Tragopan blythii01.jpg|Provincial bird of Nagaland
|Provincial animal of Nagaland
Image:Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg|Provincial tree of Nagaland
Image:Rhododendron-by-eiffel-public-domain-20040617.jpg|Provincial flower of Nagaland
</gallery>

{{commonscat}}

{{India}}

{{Asia-stub}}

[[Category:Nagaland| ]]