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M. R. Pallavi

2026-05-07T20:20:13Z

AuroraMackellar: created a stub.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''M. R. Pallavi''' (born 1990) is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu. She is a Member of the Legislative Assembly from [[Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Community in Chennai district representing the [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Thiru-Vi-Ka-Nagar Election Result 2026 Live: TVK's M.R. Pallavi defeats DMK's K.S. Ravichandran with 22333 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/thiru-vi-ka-nagar-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-tamil-nadu-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-tnaelb-2905891-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Pallavi became an MLA for the first time winning her debut in the 2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from Thiru-Vi-Ka-Nagar Assembly constituency representing the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam. She defeated K. S. Ravichandran of the DMK, and won by a margin of 22,333 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Thiru-Vi-Ka-Nagar Assembly Election Results 2026 Live Updates: TVK's Pallavi wins by 22,333 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/thiru-vi-ka-nagar-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-dmks-k-s-ravichandran-aiadmks-a-porkodi-and-tvks-m-r-pallavi-are-contesting-for-this-seat-among-others/liveblog/130703751.cms |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pallavi, M.R.}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]

Occupation of Istanbul

2026-04-30T18:17:53Z

AuroraMackellar: adding article.

{{short description|Allied occupation of the city after WWI}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Occupation of Istanbul
| partof = the [[partition of the Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Turkish War of Independence]]
| image = Occupation of Constantinople 2.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Louis Franchet d'Espèrey]] marching in [[Beyoğlu]], 8 February 1919
| date = 12 November 1918 – 4 October 1923 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=12|year1=1918|month2=10|day2=4|year2=1923}})
| place = [[Istanbul]]
| territory = Recognition of [[Turkey]] with [[Treaty of Lausanne]]
| result = Allied [[military occupation]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|British Empire}}
* {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Raj|British India]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/constantinople-occupied-by-british-and-indian-troo/query/Sophia |title=Constantinople occupied by British and Indian troops |date= 30–31 October 1918 |publisher=British Pathé |access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
{{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}
* {{flagdeco|France|1830}} [[French West Africa]]
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}} {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece|state}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| combatant3 = {{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Turkish National Movement]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[George Milne, 1st Baron Milne|George Milne]] {{flagicon|French Third Republic}} [[Louis Franchet d'Esperey]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Carlo Sforza]]<ref name=archivioCarab>{{cite web|title=Missioni all'estero:1918–1923. In Turchia: da Costantinopoli all'Anatolia.|url=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Arma/Oggi/Missioni/1855+-+1935/1918+-+1923/|publisher=Arma dei Carabinieri|access-date=8 November 2012|language=it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506081256/http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Arma/Oggi/Missioni/1855+-+1935/1918+-+1923/|archive-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> {{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece|state}} {{ill|Efthimios Kanellopoulos|de|Efthymios Kanellopoulos|el|Ευθύμιος Κανελλόπουλος}} (1918–1921) 
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece|state}} [[Charalambos Simopoulos]] (1921–1923)
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ali Sait Akbaytogan|Ali Sait Pasha]]¹
| commander3 = {{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Selâhattin Âdil|Selâhattin Âdil Pasha]]2
| strength1 = '''Land forces on 13 November 1918''':<ref>Hülya Toker'' Mütareke döneminde İstanbul Rumları'', Genelkurmay Basımevi, 2006, {{ISBN|9754093555}}, p. 29. {{in lang|tr}}</ref> 2,616 [[British people|British]], 540 [[French people|French]], 470 [[Italian people|Italian]] (Total: 3,626 soldiers) 
'''Land forces by 5 November 1919:'''<ref>Zekeriya Türkmen, (2002), ''İstanbul'un işgali ve İşgal Dönemindeki Uygulamalar (13 Kasım 1918 – 16 Mart 1920)'', Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, XVIII (53): pp. 338–39. {{in lang|tr}}</ref> 
{{flagicon|UKGBI}}: 27,419 soldiers (27 [[artillery batteries]], 160 [[machine gun]]s) 
{{flagicon|French Third Republic}}: 19,069 soldiers (30 [[cannon]]s, 91 [[machine gun]]s) 
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}}: 3,992 soldiers 
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece|state}}: 795 soldiers (160 [[machine gun]]s) 
'''Total:''' ~51,300 soldiers (411 [[machine gun]]s, 57 [[artillery]] pieces) 
'''Naval forces:''' 
13 November 1918: 50<ref>Paul G. Halpern: ''The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919–1929'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011, {{ISBN|1409427560}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=UKAHL3NpgEsC&pg=PA3 p. 3].</ref>–61<ref>Metin Ataç: ''İstiklal Harbi'nde Bahriyemiz'', Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, 2003, {{ISBN|9754092397}}, p. 20. {{in lang|tr}}</ref> [[warship]]s 
15 November 1918: 167 [[warship]]s+[[auxiliary ship]]s<ref>Mustafa Budak: ''İdealden gerçeğe: Misâk-ı Millî'den Lozan'a dış politika'', Küre Yayınları, 2002, p. 21. {{in lang|tr}}</ref><ref>Ertan Eğribel, Ufuk Özcan: ''Türk sosyologları ve eserleri'', Kitabevi, 2010, {{ISBN|6054208624}}, p. 352. {{in lang|tr}}</ref>
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes = 1: Commander of the [[XXV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XXV Corps]] and the Constantinople's Guard (6 October 1919 – 16 March 1920<ref name="Genalkurmay51">T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, ''Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri'', Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1972, p. 51.</ref>) 2: Commander of the Istanbul Command (10 December 1922 – 29 September 1923<ref name="Genelkurmay118">T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, ''Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri'', Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 118. {{in lang|tr}}</ref>)
}}
{{Campaignbox Theaters of the Turkish War of Independence}}
The '''occupation of Istanbul''' (12 November 1918 – 4 October 1923), the capital of the [[Ottoman Empire]], by [[United Kingdom|British]], [[France|French]], [[Italy|Italian]], and [[Greece|Greek]] forces, took place in accordance with the [[Armistice of Mudros]], which ended Ottoman participation in the [[First World War]]. The first French troops entered the city on 12 November 1918, followed by British troops the next day. The Italian troops landed in [[Galata]] on 7 February 1919.<ref name=archivioCarab/>

Allied troops occupied zones based on the existing divisions of [[Istanbul]] (Constantinople) and set up an Allied military administration early in December 1918. The occupation had two stages: the initial phase in accordance with the Armistice gave way in 1920 to a more formal arrangement on the eve of the signing of the [[Treaty of Sèvres]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Hellenic Resources |date=September 25, 1997 |title=The Peace Treaty of Sèvres |url=http://www.hri.org/docs/sevres/ |access-date=December 20, 2023 |website=Hellenic Resources Network |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101110718/http://www.hri.org/docs/sevres/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ultimately, the [[Treaty of Lausanne]], signed on 24 July 1923, led to the end of the occupation. The last troops of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] departed from the city on 4 October 1923, and the first troops of the [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|Ankara government]], commanded by [[Şükrü Naili Gökberk|Şükrü Naili Pasha]] (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the ''Liberation Day'' of Istanbul ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''İstanbul'un Kurtuluşu'') and is commemorated every year on its anniversary.<ref name=liberation-of-istanbul>{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/6-ekim-istanbulun-kurtulusu-2039060/|title=6 Ekim İstanbul'un Kurtuluşu|publisher=[[Sözcü]]|date=6 October 2017}}</ref>

1918 was the first time the city had changed hands since the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453. Along with the [[occupation of Smyrna]], it spurred the establishment of the [[Turkish National Movement]], leading to the [[Turkish War of Independence]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkey|title=Turkey|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

==Background==

=== Demographics ===
[[File:Greek aviators in Constaninople 1918.jpg|thumb|300px|Greek aviators at the [[San Stefano]] airfield, after the Mudros armistice]]

The Ottomans estimated that the population of Istanbul in 1920 was between 800,000 and 1,200,000 inhabitants, having collected [[Demographic statistics|population statistics]] from various [[Religious organization|religious bodies]]. The uncertainty in the figure reflects the uncounted population of war refugees and disagreements as to the boundaries of the city. Half or less were [[Muslim]], with the rest being largely [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]], [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]], and [[Jew]]ish; there had been a substantial Western European population before the war.<ref>Clarence Richard Johnson, ''Constantinople To-day; Or, The Pathfinder Survey of Constantinople; a Study in Oriental Social Life'', Clarence Johnson, ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1922) pp. 164''ff.''</ref>

===Legal basis===
The [[Armistice of Mudros]] of 30 October 1918, which ended Ottoman involvement in World {{nowrap|War I}}, mentions the occupation of the [[Bosporus fort]] and the [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command|Dardanelles fort]]. That day, Admiral [[Somerset Gough-Calthorpe]], the British signatory, stated the [[Triple Entente]]'s position that they had no intention to dismantle the government or to place it under [[military occupation]] by "occupying Constantinople".<ref>Criss, Bilge, ''Constantinople under Allied Occupation 1918–1923'', (1999) p. 1.</ref> This verbal promise and lack of mention of the occupation of Istanbul in the armistice proper did not change the realities for the Ottoman Empire.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} Calthorpe put the British position as "No kind of favour whatsoever to any Turk and to hold out no hope for them".<ref>Simsir BDOA, 1:6.</ref> The Ottoman side returned to the capital with a personal letter from Calthorpe, intended for [[Rauf Orbay]], in which he promised on behalf of the British government that only British and French troops would be used in the occupation of the Straits fortifications. A small number of Ottoman troops could be allowed to stay on in the occupied areas as a symbol of sovereignty.<ref>Yakn Tarihimiz, Vol. 2, p. 49.</ref>

=== Calculations ===
Unlike Berlin, Vienna, or Sofia, Constantinople was to be the only Central Powers capital to be occupied. [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] ordered the city occupied. Motivations included anti-Communism (securing a life line of support for the [[White movement|White Russians]]), settling the score of the [[Gallipoli campaign]], and weakening the morale of Islamist movements in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Criss |first=Nuri Bilge |date=5 August 2015 |title=Occupation during and after the War (Ottoman Empire) |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/occupation-during-and-after-the-war-ottoman-empire/ |website=International Encyclopedia of the First World War}}</ref>

==Military administration==
[[File:Averof painting 1919 Bosporus.jpg|thumb|280px|The armored cruiser [[Greek armored cruiser Georgios Averof|Averof]] of the Greek Navy in the [[Bosphorus]], 1919]]
[[File:Occupation of Istanbul - British troops in Galata.png|thumb|280px|British occupation forces at the port of [[Karaköy]], in front of the coastal tram line. The [[Art Nouveau]] style building in the background is the Turkish Maritime Lines (Türkiye Denizcilik İşletmeleri) headquarters.<ref name="tdi">{{cite web|url=http://www.tdi.gov.tr/index.php?s=index|title=index | Arama sonuçları | Türkiye Denizcilik İşletmeleri A.Ş.|website=tdi.gov.tr|access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref>]]

The Allies began to occupy Ottoman territory soon after the Armistice of Mudros; on 12 November 1918, a French brigade entered Istanbul. The first British troops entered the city on the following day. Early in December 1918, Allied troops occupied sections of Istanbul and set up an Allied military administration. The Military Command of the Allied Forces of Occupation dispensed the following services: passport control, police), inter-Allied tribunals and courts martial (1920), and prisons.<ref name=":0" />

On 7 February 1919, an Italian battalion with 19 officers and 740 soldiers landed at the [[Galata]] pier; one day later they were joined by 283 [[Carabinieri]], commanded by Colonel Balduino Caprini. The Carabinieri assumed police tasks.<ref name=archivioCarab/>

On 10 February 1919, the commission divided the city into three zones for police matters: Stambul (the old city) was assigned to the French, [[Beyoğlu|Pera]]-Galata to the British and [[Kadıköy]] and [[Üsküdar|Scutari]] to the Italians.<ref name=archivioCarab/> French had one prison in [[Kumkapı]] and the British had five: [[Galata Tower]], Arabian Han, Sansarian Han, Hotel Kroecker and Shahin Pasha Hotel.<ref name=":0" /> [[High Commissioner]] Admiral Somerset Gough-Calthorpe was assigned as the military adviser to Istanbul.

=== Establishing authority ===
{{further|Malta exiles}}
The British rounded up a number of members of the old establishment and interned them in [[Malta]], awaiting their trial for alleged crimes during World {{nowrap|War I}}. Calthorpe included only Turkish members of the Government of [[Ahmet Tevfik Pasha]] and the military/political personalities. He wanted to send a message that a military occupation was in effect and failure to comply would end with harsh punishment. His position was not shared with other partners. The French Government's response to those accused was "distinction to disadvantage of Muslim-Turks while Bulgarian, Austrian and German offenders were as yet neither arrested nor molested".<ref name="ReferenceA">Public Record Office, Foreign Office, 371/4172/28138</ref> However, the government and the Sultan understood the message. In February 1919, Allies were informed that the Ottoman Empire was in compliance with its full apparatus to the occupation forces. Any source of conflict (including [[Armenian question]]s) would be investigated by a commission, to which neutral governments could attach two legal superintendents.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Calthorpe's correspondence to Foreign Office was "The action undertaken for the arrests was very satisfactory, and has, I think, intimidated the [[Committee of Union and Progress]] of Constantinople".<ref>Public Record Office, Foreign Office, 371/4172/23004</ref>

===Ottoman courts-martial===
{{Main|Istanbul trials of 1919–1920}}
[[File:SultanahmetMitingi.jpg|thumb|280px|Istanbul, 23 May 1919: [[Sultanahmet demonstrations]] against the [[Occupation of Smyrna]] by the Kingdom of Greece]]
Calthorpe's message was fully noted by the Sultan. There was an eastern tradition of presenting gifts to the authority during serious conflicts, sometimes "falling of heads". There was no higher goal than preserving the integrity of the Ottoman Institution. If Calthorpe's anger could be calmed down by foisting the blame on a few members of the Committee of Union and Progress, the Ottoman Empire could thereby receive more lenient treatment at the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris peace conference]].<ref>Vahakn N. Dadrian, "The Documentation of the World {{nowrap|War I}} Armenian Massacres in the Proceedings of the Turkish Military Tribunal", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'' 23 (1991): 554; idem, "The Turkish Military Tribunal's Prosecution of the Authors of the Armenian Genocide: Four Major Court-Martial Series", ''[[Holocaust and Genocide Studies]]'', 11 (1997): 31.</ref> The trials began in Istanbul on 28 April 1919. The prosecution presented "forty-two authenticated documents substantiating the charges therein, many bearing dates, identification of senders of the cipher telegrams and letters, and names of recipients."<ref>Dadrian, "The Turkish Military Tribunal's Prosecution", p. 45.</ref> On 22 July, the court-martial found several defendants guilty of subverting constitutionalism by force and found them responsible for massacres.<ref>The verdict is reproduced in Akçam, Armenien und der Völkermord, pp. 353–64.</ref> During its whole existence from 28 April 1919, to 29 March 1920, Ottoman trials were performed very poorly and with increasing inefficiency, as presumed guilty people were already intended as a sacrifice to save the Empire. However, as an occupation authority, the historical rightfulness of the Allies was at stake. Calthorpe wrote to London: "proving to be a farce and injurious to our own prestige and to that of the Turkish government".<ref>Public Record Office, Foreign Office, 371/4174/118377</ref> The Allies considered Ottoman trials as a travesty of justice, so Ottoman justice had to be replaced with [[Western world|Western]] justice by moving the trials to Malta as "International" trials. The "International" trials declined to use any evidence developed by the Ottoman tribunals. When the International trials were staged, Calthorpe was replaced by [[John de Robeck]]. De Robeck said regarding the trials "that its findings cannot be held of any account at all."<ref>Public Record Office, Foreign Office, 371/4174/136069</ref> All of the [[Malta exiles]] were released.

=== A new movement ===
{{further|Turkish national movement}}
[[File:Occupation of Constantinople 3.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Allied occupation troops marching along the [[Istiklal Avenue|Grande Rue de Péra]]]]
Calthorpe was alarmed when he learned that the victor of [[Battle of Gallipoli|Gallipoli]] had become the inspector general for Anatolia, and [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal]]'s behavior during this period did nothing to improve matters. Calthorpe urged that Kemal be recalled. Thanks to friends and sympathizers of Kemal in government circles, a 'compromise' was developed whereby the power of the inspector general was curbed, at least on paper. "Inspector General" became a title that had no power to command. On 23 June 1919, Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe began to understand Kemal and his role in the [[establishment of the Turkish national movement]]. He sent a report about Kemal to the Foreign Office. His remarks were downplayed by George Kidson of the Eastern Department. Captain Hurst (British army) in [[Samsun]] warned Calthorpe one more time about the Turkish national movement, but his units were replaced with a [[brigade of Gurkhas]].
[[File:HMS M 1 in Constantinople.jpg|210px|thumb|right|{{HMS|M1|1917|2}} in Istanbul.]]
Calthorpe was assigned to another position on 5 August 1919, and left Istanbul.
[[File:Dead of a Turkish soldier Sehzadebasi raid.jpg|210px|right|thumb|Death of a Turkish soldier during [[Şehzadebaşı raid|a British raid against Mızıka watchhouse]] at Şehzadebaşı on 16 March 1920]]

===John de Robeck, August 1919–1922===
{{See also|John de Robeck}}

In August 1919 de Robeck replaced Calthorpe with the title of "Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, and High Commissioner at Constantinople". He was responsible for activities regarding Russia and Turkey (Ottoman Empire-Turkish national movement).

De Robeck was very worried by the defiant mood of the Ottoman parliament. When 1920 arrived, he was concerned by reports that substantial stocks of arms were reaching [[Turkish National Movement]], some from French and Italian sources. In one of his letters to London, he asked: "Against whom would these sources be employed?"

In London, the [[Conference of London (February 1920)]] took place; it featured discussions about settling the treaty terms to be offered in San Remo. De Robeck reminded participants that Anatolia was moving into a resistance stage. There were arguments of "National Pact" ([[Misak-ı Milli]]) circulating, and if these were solidified, it would take a longer time and more resources to handle the case ([[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]]). He tried to persuade the leaders to take quick action to control the Sultan and pressure the rebels from both directions. This request posed awkward problems at the highest level: promises for [[Nation state|national sovereignty]] were on the table and the United States was fast withdrawing into isolation.

==Treaty of Sèvres==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}

===Ottoman parliament of 1920===
{{See also|Khilafat Movement|Conference of London (February 1920)}}

The newly elected Ottoman parliament in Istanbul did not recognize the occupation they developed a [[Misak-ı Millî|National Pact]] (Misak-ı Milli). They adopted six principles, which called for [[self-determination]], the security of Istanbul, the opening of the Straits, and the abolition of the capitulations. While in Istanbul self-determination and protection of the Ottoman Empire were voiced, the Khilafat Movement in India tried to influence the British government to protect the [[Ottoman Caliphate|caliphate]] of the Ottoman Empire, and though it was primarily a Muslim religious movement, the Khilafat struggle was becoming a part of the wider [[Indian independence movement]]. Both movements (Misak-ı Milli and the Khilafat Movement) shared similar notions on ideology; at the Conference of London (February 1920) Allies concentrated on these issues.

The Ottoman Empire lost World {{nowrap|War I}}, but Misak-ı Milli with the local Khilafat Movement was still fighting the Allies.

===Solidification of the partition, February 1920===
{{See also|Conference of London (February 1920)|San Remo conference}}
The plans for partitioning of the Ottoman Empire needed to be solidified. At the [[Conference of London (1920)|Conference of London]] on 4 March 1920, the Triple Entente decided to implement its previous (secret) agreements and form what would be the [[Treaty of Sèvres]]. In doing so, all forms of resistance originating from the Ottoman Empire (rebellions, Sultan, etc.) were to be dismantled. The Allies' military forces in Istanbul ordered that the necessary actions be taken; while the political side increased efforts to put the Treaty of Sèvres into writing.

Negotiations for the Treaty of Sèvres presumed a Greek, French-Armenian, Wilsonian Armenia and Italian occupation region being Christian administrations, as opposed to the prior Muslim administration of the Ottoman Empire. Muslim citizens of the Ottoman Empire perceived this plan as depriving them of sovereignty. British intelligence registered the Turkish national movement as a movement of the Muslim citizens of Anatolia. The Muslim unrest in Anatolia brought two arguments to the British government regarding the new establishments: the Muslim administration was not safe for Christians; that the Treaty of Sèvres was the only way that Christians could be safe. Enforcing the Treaty of Sèvres could not happen without repressing Kemal's national movement.

The British claimed that if the Allies could not control [[Anatolia]] at that time, they could at least control Istanbul. The plan was to begin with methodically dismantling organizations within Istanbul and to then slowly advance into Anatolia. The British foreign department was asked to devise a plan to ease this path, and developed the same plan that they had used during the [[Arab revolt]]. The aim was to break down authority by separating the Sultan from his government, and working different [[Millet (Ottoman Empire)|millets]] against each other, such as the Christian millet against the Muslim millet, to use the minimum force to achieve their goals.

==Military occupation of Istanbul==

===Dissolution of parliament, March 1920===
{{See also|Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)}}
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}

The Telegram House was occupied by Allied troops on 14 March. On the morning of 16 March, British forces, including the [[British Indian Army]], began to occupy the key buildings and arrest nationalist politicians and journalists. A British Indian Army operation, the [[Şehzadebaşı raid]], resulted in 5 [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|Ottoman Army]] soldiers from the [[10th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|10th Infantry Division]] being killed when troops raided their barracks. On 18 March, the Ottoman parliamentarians came together in a last meeting. A black cloth covered the pulpit of the Parliament as reminder of its absent members and the Parliament sent a letter of protest to the Allies, declaring the arrest of five of its members as unacceptable.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Sina|last=Aksin|title=Turkey, from Empire to Revolutionary Republic: The Emergence of the Turkish Nation from 1789 to Present
|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8147-0722-7}}{{page needed|date=November 2024}}</ref>
[[File:French Senegalese Tirailleurs during Military Drill on Sultanahmet Square in 1919.jpg|thumb|306x306px|[[Senegalese Tirailleurs|French Senegalese Tirailleurs]] during Military Drill on [[Sultanahmet Square]] in 1919]]
The dissolution of the Ottoman Parliament left the Sultan as the sole legal authority of the Empire; in line with British aims to isolate the Sultan. Beginning with 18 March, the Sultan followed the directives of the British [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]], saying, "There would be no one left to blame for what will be coming soon"; the Sultan revealed his own version of the declaration of dissolution on 11 April, after approximately 150 Turkish politicians accused of [[war crime]]s were interned in Malta. The dissolution of the parliament was followed by the raid and closing of the journal ''Yeni Gün'' (''New Day''). ''Yeni Gün'' was owned by [[Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu]], an influential journalist, and was the main media organ in Turkey publishing Turkish news to global audiences.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===Official declaration, 16 March 1920===
On 16 March 1920, the third day of hostilities, the Allied forces declared the occupation:
{{Blockquote|In an effort to prevent the spread of Turkish nationalism, General Sir George Milne and an Allied force occupied İstanbul.
* The Allies gave assurances that they had no intention of taking over the government.
* The Allies sought to keep the Straits open and to protect the Armenians.
* The Allies persuaded the Ottoman government to denounce the Turkish nationalists and sent many into exile.
* The Sultan had established a [[Damad Ferid]] government.<ref>League of Nations Archives, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland Center for the Study of Global Change,</ref>}}

==Enforcing the peace treaty==

===Pressure on the insurgency, April–June 1920===
The British argued that the insurgency of the Turkish National Movement should be suppressed by local forces in Anatolia, with the help of British training and arms. In response to a formal British request, the Istanbul government appointed an Anatolian general inspector [[Süleyman Şefik Pasha]] and a new Security Army, [[Kuva-i Inzibatiye]], to enforce central government control with British support. The British also supported local [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] groups in the Anatolian heartland (officially called 'independent armies') with money and arms.

Despite this, combined attempts by British and local forces proved unsuccessful in quelling the nationalist movement. A clash outside [[İzmit]] quickly escalated, with British forces opening fire on the nationalists, and bombing them from the air. Although the attack forced the nationalists to retreat, the weakness of the British position had been made apparent. The British commander, General [[George Milne, 1st Baron Milne|George Milne]], asked for reinforcements of at least twenty-seven divisions. The British were unwilling to agree to a deployment of this size, as it could have political consequences that were beyond the British government's capacity to handle.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Some [[Circassian people|Circassian]] exiles, who had emigrated to the Empire after the [[Circassian genocide]] may have supported the British—notably [[Ahmet Anzavur]], who led the Kuva-i Inzibatiye and ravaged the countryside.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=K Gajendra|title=Occupation case studies: Algeria and Turkey|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FA07Ak01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040202042907/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FA07Ak01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2 February 2004|newspaper=Asia Times|date=7 January 2004}}</ref> Others, such as Hüseyin Rauf Orbay, who was of [[Ubykh people|Ubykh]] descent, remained loyal to Kemal, and was exiled to Malta in 1920 when British forces took the city.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Xlibris Corporation| isbn = 978-1-4653-1699-8| last = Natho| first = Kadir I.| title = Circassian History| date = 2009}}{{page needed|date=November 2024}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} The British were quick to accept the fact that the nationalistic movement, which had solidified during World {{nowrap|War I}}, could not be faced without the deployment of reliable and well-trained forces. On 25 June the Kuva-i Inzibatiye was dismantled on the advice of the British, as they were becoming a liability.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===Presentation of the treaty to the Sultan, June 1920===
{{See also|Treaty of Sèvres}}
The treaty terms were presented to the Sultan in the middle of June. The treaty was harsher than the Ottomans expected; because of the military pressure placed on the insurgency from April to June 1920, the Allies did not expect that there would be any serious opposition.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Concurrently, Kemal had set up a rival government in [[Ankara]], the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]]. On 18 October, the government of [[Damat Ferid Pasha]] was replaced by a provisional ministry under [[Ahmed Tevfik Pasha]] as [[Grand Vizier]], who announced the intention to convoke the Senate for the purpose of ratification of the Treaty, provided that national unity be achieved. This required seeking cooperation with Kemal. The latter expressed disdain to the Treaty and started a military assault. As a result, the Turkish Government issued a note to the Entente that the ratification of the Treaty was impossible at that time.<ref>''Current History'', Vol. 13, New York Times Co., 1921, "Dividing the Former Turkish Empire" [https://books.google.com/books?id=jbcqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA443 pp. 441–44] (retrieved 26 October 2010)</ref>

==End of occupation==
[[File:Liberation of Istanbul on October 6, 1923.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Turkish troops enter Istanbul on 6 October 1923.]]

The success of the Turkish National Movement against the French and Greeks was followed by their forces threatening the Allied forces at [[Çanakkale|Chanak]]. The British decided to resist any attempt to penetrate the neutral zone of the Straits. Kemal was persuaded by the French to order his forces to avoid any incident at Chanak. Nevertheless, the [[Chanak Crisis]] nearly resulted in hostilities, these being avoided on 11 October 1922, when the [[Armistice of Mudanya]] was signed, bringing the [[Turkish War of Independence]] to an end.<ref>{{cite book |first=Harry J. |last=Psomiades |title=The Eastern Question, the Last Phase: a study in Greek-Turkish diplomacy |publisher=Pella |location=New York |year=2000 |pages=27–38 |isbn=0-918618-79-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=A. L. |last=Macfie |title=The Chanak affair (September–October 1922) |journal=Balkan Studies |volume=20 |issue=2 |year=1979 |pages=309–41 }}</ref> The handling of this crisis caused the collapse of [[David Lloyd George]]'s [[United Kingdom coalition government (1916–1922)|Ministry]] on 19 October 1922.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Darwin |first=J. G. |title=The Chanak Crisis and the British Cabinet |journal=History |date=Feb 1980 |volume=65 |issue=213 |pages=32–48 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-229X.1980.tb02082.x }}</ref>

Following the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922), the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara abolished the [[Sultanate]] on 1 November 1922, and the last [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Sultan]], [[Mehmed VI]], was expelled from the city. Leaving aboard the British warship [[HMS Malaya|HMS ''Malaya'']] on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]], on 16 May 1926.

Negotiations for a new peace treaty with Turkey began at the [[Lausanne Conference of 1922–23|Conference of Lausanne]] on 20 November 1922 and reopened after a break on 23 April 1923. This led to the signing of the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] on 24 July 1923. Under the terms of the treaty, Allied forces started evacuating Istanbul on 23 August 1923 and completed the task on 4 October 1923 – British, Italian, and French troops departing ''[[pari passu]]''.<ref name=liberation-of-istanbul/>{{better source needed|date=October 2022}}
[[File:1923 10 06 Milli Ordu Kadikoy.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Turkish troops enter Kadıköy on 6 October 1923.]]
Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by [[Şükrü Naili Gökberk|Şükrü Naili Pasha]] (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the ''Liberation Day'' of Istanbul ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''İstanbul'un Kurtuluşu'') and is commemorated every year on its anniversary.<ref name=liberation-of-istanbul/> On 29 October 1923, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the establishment of the [[Turkey|Turkish Republic]], with Ankara as its capital. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the Republic's first [[President of Turkey|President]].
[[File:General Charles Harington Harington with Commander Selahattin Adil in İstanbul.jpg|thumb|General [[Charles Harington (British Army officer, born 1872)|Charles Harington]] with Commander [[Selâhattin Âdil|Selahattin Adil]] in İstanbul]]

==List of Allied High Commissioners==
{{Flag|United Kingdom}}:
* November 1918 – 1919: Admiral [[Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe]], also Commander-in-Chief, [[Mediterranean Fleet]]
* August 1919 – 1920: Admiral [[John de Robeck]], also Commander-in-Chief, [[Mediterranean Fleet]]
* 1920 – 22 October 1923: [[Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th Baronet|Sir Horace Rumbold]] (later [[List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire|British ambassador]])
{{Flag|France}}:
* November 1918 – January 1919: General [[Louis Franchet d'Esperey]]
* 30 January 1919 – December 1920: Albert {{Not a typo|Defrance}}
* 1921 – 22 October 1923: General [[Maurice Pellé]]
{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}:
* November 1918 – January 1919: [[Carlo Sforza]]
* September 1920 – 22 October 1923: {{ill|Camillo Garroni|it|Camillo Garroni Carbonara}}
{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece}}:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.protothema.gr/stories/article/1231214/to-shedio-gia-katalipsi-tis-konstadinoupolis-apo-ton-elliniko-strato-to-1922-kai-giati-den-ulopoiithike/|title=Κωνσταντινούπολη: Το σχέδιο κατάληψής της από τον Ελληνικό Στρατό το 1922 και γιατί δεν υλοποιήθηκε|first=Michalis|last=Stoukas|newspaper=[[Proto Thema]]|date=9 April 2022|language=el}}</ref>
* 1918–1921: {{ill|Efthimios Kanellopoulos|el|Ευθύμιος Κανελλόπουλος}}
* 1921–1923: [[Charalambos Simopoulos]]
{{flag|United States}}:
* August 1919–October 1923: Admiral [[Mark Lambert Bristol]]
{{flag|Japan}}:
* April 1921–October 1923: [[Sadatsuchi Uchida]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Criss |first=Nur Bilge |date=August 15, 2015 |title=Occupation during and after the War (Ottoman Empire) |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/occupation-during-and-after-the-war-ottoman-empire/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-1089400 |access-date=August 29, 2025 |website=International Encyclopedia of the First World War}}</ref>{{Refn|It has been argued that the United States and Japan had more of a symbolic presence in Istanbul and were there more as observers than occupiers.|group=Note}}

==See also==
* [[Occupation of Smyrna]]
* [[Partition of the Ottoman Empire]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* Ferudun Ata: ''The Relocation Trials in Occupied Istanbul'', 2018, Manzara Verlag, Offenbach am Main, {{ISBN|9783939795926}}.
* {{cite book |series=[[History of the Great War]] based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=The Occupation of Constantinople 1918–1923 |year=2010 |others=draft provisional history 1944, unpublished |last=Edmonds |first=J. E. |publisher=Naval and Military Press |location=Uckfield |edition=pbk. |isbn=978-1-84574-879-1|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
| last = Uluç
| first = Gürkan
| title = Understanding the Armenian Question: Malta Tribunal (1919–1921)
| place = Offenbach am Main
| publisher = Manzara Verlag
| year = 2024
| page = 304
| isbn = 9783911130004}}
* {{cite journal |first=Gökçen |last=Beyinli |date=2019 |title=At Liberty under Occupation but Bound Hand and Foot in the Republic: Istanbul Women, Corruption and Moral Decay after the First World War (1918–1923) |journal=International Journal of Regional and Local History |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=94–109 |doi=10.1080/20514530.2019.1673536|s2cid=211452302 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Erdağ |last=Göknar |date=2014 |title=Reading Occupied Istanbul: Turkish Subject-Formation from Historical Trauma to Literary Trope |journal=Culture, Theory and Critique |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=321–41 |doi=10.1080/14735784.2014.882792|s2cid=145516457 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Daniel-Joseph |last=MacArthur-Seal |date=2017 |title=Intoxication and Imperialism: Nightlife in Occupied Istanbul, 1918–23 |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=299–313 |doi=10.1215/1089201x-4132917}}
* {{cite journal |first=Daniel-Joseph |last=MacArthur-Seal |date=2018 |title=Resurrecting legal extraterritoriality in occupied Istanbul, 1918–1923 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=769–87 |doi=10.1080/00263206.2018.1462162|s2cid=150066434 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Daniel-Joseph |last=MacArthur-Seal |date=2022 |title=States of drunkenness: bar-life in Istanbul between empire, occupation, and republic, 1918–1923 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=271–83 |doi=10.1080/00263206.2021.2007082|s2cid=245157187 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Amy |last=Mills |date=2017 |title=The Cultural Geopolitics of Ethnic Nationalism: Turkish Urbanism in Occupied Istanbul (1918–1923) |journal=Annals of the American Association of Geographers |volume=107 |issue=5 |pages=1179–93 |doi=10.1080/24694452.2017.1298433|bibcode=2017AAAG..107.1179M |s2cid=152272634 }}
* Bilge Criss, Nur (1999). "Constantinople under Allied Occupation 1918–1923", Brill, {{ISBN|90-04-11259-6}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=SpofCsEZ0lkC (limited preview)].
* {{cite journal |first=Pınar |last=Şenışık |date=2018 |title=The allied occupation of İstanbul and the construction of Turkish national identity in the early twentieth century |journal=Nationalities Papers |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=501–13 |doi=10.1080/00905992.2017.1369018|s2cid=158927256 |hdl=11376/3300 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last=Saylan |first=G. F. |date=2014 |title=İstanbul'un Resmen İşgali |trans-title=The Official Occupation of Istanbul |journal=Öneri Dergisi |volume=11 |issue=41 |pages=17–40 |doi=10.14783/od.v11i41.5000011263 |doi-broken-date=14 September 2025 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/maruoneri/issue/17902/187845}}
* {{cite journal |last=Yavuz |first=R. |title=The View and the Attitude of Allies High Commissioners Toward Istanbul During the Declaration of National Pact |journal= Tarih ve Günce 1 |date=2017 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=281–304 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tarihvegunce/issue/30668/331741}}

{{refend}}

* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Turkish War of Independence}}

{{coord missing|Turkey}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Occupation Of Istanbul}}
[[Category:1910s in Istanbul]]
[[Category:1920s in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Constantinople]]
[[Category:Military occupation]]
[[Category:Military history of Istanbul]]
[[Category:1918 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1919 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1920 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1921 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1922 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1923 in Turkey]]
[[Category:British military occupations]]
[[Category:French military occupations]]
[[Category:Mass murders in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Turkish War of Independence]]
[[Category:Battles of World War I involving Greece|Istanbul]]
[[Category:Battles of World War I involving Italy]]

The Crooked Timber of New India

2026-04-28T16:00:57Z

AuroraMackellar: Article

{{Short description|2023 book}}
{{Italic title}}'''''The Crooked Timber of New India: Essays on a Republic in Crisis''''' is a book by [[Parakala Prabhakar]] which was published on May 5, 2023 by [[Speaking Tiger Books]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prabhākar |first=Parakāla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQ_uzwEACAAJ |title=The Crooked Timber of New India Essays on a Republic in Crisis |date=2023-05-05 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-93-5447-413-2 |language=en}}</ref> It is mainly focused on the current state of the Indian republic. The title is derived from a quotation from philosopher [[Immanuel Kant]]: "'''Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made'''," from his 1784 essay "[[Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose]].

== Critical reception ==
[[Pulapre Balakrishnan]] of [[The Hindu]] wrote "Parakala Prabhakar's book on the state of democracy in India is useful but ignores some pointers",<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balakrishnan |first=Pulapre |date=2023-06-08 |title=Review of The Crooked Timber of New India — Essays on a Republic in Crisis: India after 2014 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/india-democracy-politics-prime-minister-modi/article66937166.ece |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Avijit Pathak of [[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] wrote "I have no hesitation in saying that this book ought to be read by all those who dare to speak truth to power.".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Avijit |date=May 21, 2023 |title='The Crooked Timber of New India' by Parakala Prabhakar speaks truth to power |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/book-reviews/the-crooked-timber-of-new-india-by-parakala-prabhakar-speaks-truth-to-power-509720# |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> The book is also reviewed by Bibek Debroy of [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Debroy |first=Bibek |date=July 14, 2023 |title=Here's a flawed diagnosis |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/heres-a-flawed-diagnosis-parakala-prabhakar-knows-about-the-indemnity-clause-moderna-and-pfizer-insisted-on/cid/1951941 |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> and Safwat Zargar of [[Scroll.in]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zargar |first=Safwat |date=2023-07-09 |title='The Crooked Timber of New India': A timely commentary on India's pivot towards illiberal democracy |url=https://scroll.in/article/1052098/the-crooked-timber-of-new-india-a-timely-commentary-on-indias-pivot-towards-illiberal-democracy |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about politics of India]]

Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao

2026-04-24T18:33:18Z

AuroraMackellar: starting a bio

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[List of roads and buildings ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Minister of Roads & Buildings]]<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/14-new-faces-in-25-member-ap-cabinet-to-take-charge-today/article65309015.ece/</ref> [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 11 April 2022
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| governor = * [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
* [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| predecessor = [[Malagundla Sankaranarayana]]
| successor = [[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]
| office1 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 2014
| predecessor1 = Venkata Krishnam Raju Sriraja Vatsavayi
| successor1 = [[Yanamala Divya]]
| constituency1 = [[Tuni (Assembly constituency)|Tuni]]
| term_end1 = 2024
}}
'''Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao''', commonly known as Raja, is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]] of [[Tuni (Assembly constituency)|Tuni]] in [[East Godavari District]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/tuni.html|title=Tuni Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Tuni, Andhra Pradesh|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
He is from the [[YSR Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myneta.info/andhra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=4196|title=Ramalingeswara Rao Dadisetti (Dadisetti Raja)(Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party):Constituency- TUNI(EAST GODAVARI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|last=ADR|website=www.myneta.info|access-date=2018-10-07}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao was born on 22 March 1976 to Sri Dadisetti Sankara Rao and Smt Satyanarayanamma in [[Tuni]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. They are traditionally a family of gold merchants.
Rao graduated in Tuni.
At the age of 32, he decided to enter politics full-time and joined the YSR Congress Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ysrcongress.com/en/leader_cat/MLAs/|title=MLAs|website=www.ysrcongress.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102010516/http://www.ysrcongress.com/en/leader_cat/MLAs|archive-date=2014-11-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He is married to Smt Lakshmi Chaitanya and has one son and one daughter.

== Politics ==

Ramalingeswara Rao contested MLA elections for the first time in 2014 and won with a majority of 19,500 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myneta.info/andhra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=4196|title=Ramalingeswara Rao Dadisetti (Dadisetti Raja)(Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party):Constituency- TUNI(EAST GODAVARI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|last=ADR|website=www.myneta.info|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
He is currently a member of the committee on public accounts in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Tuni In 2019. Now he is Minister of A.P. cabinet.

== References ==

{{Reflist|

<ref>{{Citation|last=NTV Telugu|title=Tuni MLA Dadisetti Raja {{!}}{{!}} Special Ground Report {{!}}{{!}} MLA Graph {{!}}{{!}} NTV|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnruG4LW5xo|access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/ramalingeswara-rao-dadisetti-dadisetti-raja/|title=Ramalingeswara Rao Dadisetti (Dadisetti Raja) MLA of TUNI Andhra Pradesh contact address & email|website=nocorruption.in|language=en|access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Dadisetti Ramalingeswara}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]

Davanagere North Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:25:40Z

AuroraMackellar: starting article.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Davanagere North
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 106
| map_image = 106-Davanagere North constituency.svg
| mla = [[S. S. Mallikarjun]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[S. A. Ravindranath]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Davanagere district|Davanagere]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Davangere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davangere]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:241278}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Davanagere North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Davanagere district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[S. A. Ravindranath]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[S. S. Mallikarjun]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[S. A. Ravindranath]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[S. S. Mallikarjun]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Davanagere North <ref name="List of winners from Davanagere area constituencies. INC wins 6 seats, BJP gets only 1">{{cite news |last1=Hindustan Times |title=List of winners from Davanagere area constituencies. INC wins 6 seats, BJP gets only 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-election-2023-results-live-jagalur-harapanahalli-harihar-davanagere-mayakonda-channagiri-honnali-101683892532070.html |access-date=14 May 2023 |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514042639/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-election-2023-results-live-jagalur-harapanahalli-harihar-davanagere-mayakonda-channagiri-honnali-101683892532070.html |archive-date=14 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. S. Mallikarjun]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 94,019 |percentage = 56.00% |change = {{increase}}9.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lokikere Nagaraj |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 69,547 |percentage = 41.42% |change = {{decrease}}7.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar. B |party = Uttama Prajaakeeya Party |votes = 1,143 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 919 |percentage = 0.55% |change = {{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,472 |percentage = 14.58% |change = {{increase}}11.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 167,980 |percentage = 69.62% |change = {{increase}}4.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 167,891}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 241,278 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}7.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Davanagere North <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka election results 2018: Full list of constituency wise winners and losers from BJP, Congress, JD(S) in Karnataka assembly elections">{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-2018-full-list-of-winners-losers-from-bjp-congress-jds/1167608/|title=Karnataka election results 2018: Full list of constituency wise winners and losers from BJP, Congress, JD(S) in Karnataka assembly elections|last1=Financialexpress|date=16 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104174553/https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-2018-full-list-of-winners-losers-from-bjp-congress-jds/1167608/|archivedate=4 January 2023|language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. A. Ravindranath]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 76,540 |percentage = 48.65% |change = {{increase}}23.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. S. Mallikarjun |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 72,469 |percentage = 46.06% |change = {{decrease}}27.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ananda. M |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,381 |percentage = 3.42% |change = {{increase}}0.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,070 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,071 |percentage = 2.59% |change = {{decrease}}44.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 157,382 |percentage = 65.47% |change = {{increase}}0.65 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 157,327}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,405 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.58 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}24.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Davanagere North <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. S. Mallikarjun]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 88,101 |percentage = 73.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. A. Ravindranath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 30,821 |percentage = 25.60% |change = {{decrease}}46.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagadish. B. S |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 6,764 |percentage = 5.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Ganesha Dasakariyappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,537 |percentage = 2.94% |change = {{decrease}}17.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Gnana Prakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,131 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Jabi |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,003 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 57,280 |percentage = 47.57% |change = {{decrease}}3.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,827 |percentage = 64.82% |change = {{increase}}8.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,410}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,005 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.70 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Davanagere North <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. A. Ravindranath]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 75,798 |percentage = 72.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. M. Satish |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,888 |percentage = 20.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammadali. J |party = Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes = 2,151 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Kotresh Kanchikere |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,277 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhan Khan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,219 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 728 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 53,910 |percentage = 51.29% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 105,293 |percentage = 56.04% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 105,098}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,905 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Davanagere district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|14.48|75.92|display=title}}

[[Category:Davanagere district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Davangere]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bhabini Mahato

2026-04-19T16:33:36Z

AuroraMackellar: creating page

{{Short description|Bengali freedom fighter and activist (1925–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| image = Freedom Fighter and participated in Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) Bhabini Mahato.jpg
| native_name = ভাবিনী মাহাতো
| native_name_lang = Bengali
| birth_date = c. 1925
| birth_place = Majhihira, [[Purulia]], British India
| death_date = 24 June 2014
| death_place = [[Manbazar]], West Bengal
| occupation = Bengali freedom fighter and activist
| children = 3
}}

'''Bhabini Mahato''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: ভাবিনী মাহাতো, c. 1925–24 June 2014) was a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] freedom fighter and activist who participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Soumen |title=Bhabini Mahato |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?27149 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Government of India}}</ref> and the [[Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ইশতিয়াক |first=আহমাদ |date=2023-02-21 |title=এক পলাশ রাঙা অধ্যায় |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/literature/history-tradition/history/news-453416 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=The Daily Star Bangla |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104020838/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/literature/history-tradition/history/news-453416 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Mahato was born about 1925 in Majhihira village, [[Purulia]], [[West Bengal]], British India to a [[Kurmi]] family.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sainath |first=P. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IneeEAAAQBAJ&dq=Bhabani+Mahato&pg=PT134 |title=The Last Heroes: Foot Soldiers of Indian Freedom |date=2022-11-30 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-827-7 |language=en |chapter=Bhabani Mahato: feeding the revolution in Puruliya}}</ref> She was married to Baidyanath Mahato when aged eight or nine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Three decades after she married, her husband Baidyanath married her younger sister Urmila as his second wife. Each sister had three children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sainath |first=P |date=2022-04-18 |title=When Bhabani Mahato fed the revolution |url=https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/articles/when-bhabani-mahato-fed-the-revolution/ |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=People's Archive of Rural India |language=en}}</ref>

During the Quit India Movement, her husband Baidyanath was imprisoned for 13 months in Bhagalpur camp jail.<ref name=":1" /> Mahato cooked and fed fugitive revolutionaries hiding in Purulia's jungles<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sainath |first=P |date=2024-08-30 |title=The humble heroism of Bhabani Mahato passes |url=https://ruralindiaonline.org/bn/articles/the-humble-heroism-of-bhabani-mahato-passes/ |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=People's Archive of Rural India |language=bn}}</ref> and collected funds for the cause.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Niranjan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYtAAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhabani+Mahato |title=Role of Women in the Freedom Movement in Bengal, 1919-1947: Midnapore, Bankura, and Purulia District |date=1988 |publisher=Tamralipta Prakashani |isbn=978-0-8364-2428-7 |pages=310 |language=en}}</ref>

After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]], Mahato participated in the Bengali Language Movement, which demanded the establishment of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as one of the [[official language]]s. She was arrested after a march to Dalhousie, [[Kolkata]] in 1956 and spent 11 days in jail.<ref name=":0" />

In 1972, Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], on behalf of the [[Government of India]], awarded her a [[Tamrapatra]].<ref name=":0" />

Mahato died in 2014 in [[Manbazar]], West Bengal.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Bengali Language Movement in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahato, Bhabini}}
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Purulia district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:Bengali activists]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]

Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:12:31Z

AuroraMackellar: creating new page

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhopal
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Madhya Pradesh/Bhopal.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1952
| electors = 23,39,411<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |title=Press Note |author= |date=25 May 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Alok Sharma (Indian politician)|Alok Sharma]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Berasia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Berasia]] [[Bhopal Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhopal Uttar]] [[Narela (Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Narela]] [[Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim]] [[Bhopal Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhopal Madhya]] [[Govindpura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Govindpura]] [[Huzur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Huzur]] [[Sehore (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sehore]]
}}
'''Bhopal''' is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. This constituency presently covers the entire [[Bhopal district]] and part of [[Sehore district]].

==Assembly Segments==
Like most other Lok Sabha seats in MP and Chhattisgarh, with few seats like Durg (which has nine assembly segments under it) being exceptions, Bhopal Lok Sabha seat has 8 assembly seats as its segments.
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|149
|[[Berasia Assembly constituency|Berasia]] (SC)
| rowspan="7" |[[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
|Vishnu Khatri
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|150
|[[Bhopal Uttar Assembly constituency|Bhopal Uttar]]
|Atif Arif Aqueel
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|151
|[[Narela, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Narela]]
|[[Vishvas Sarang]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|152
|[[Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim Assembly constituency|Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim]]
|Bhagwandas Sabnani
|-
|153
|[[Bhopal Madhya Assembly constituency|Bhopal Madhya]]
|Arif Masood
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|154
|[[Govindpura Assembly constituency|Govindpura]]
|[[Krishna Gaur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|155
|[[Huzur Assembly constituency|Huzur]]
|Rameshwar Sharma
|-
|159
|[[Sehore Assembly constituency|Sehore]]
|[[Sehore district|Sehore]]
|Sudesh Rai
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|Saidullah Razmi
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Chatur Narain Malviya
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Maimoona Sultan]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Jagannathrao Joshi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Arif Beg]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[K. N. Pradhan]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|rowspan=4|[[Sushil Chandra Varma]]
| rowspan="10" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="10" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Uma Bharti]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=2|[[Kailash Chandra Joshi|Kailash Joshi]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Alok Sanjar]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Pragya Thakur]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Alok Sharma (Indian politician)|Alok Sharma]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhopal Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/bhopal-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bhopal">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bhopal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1219.htm |access-date=2 October 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002162032/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1219.htm |archive-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Alok Sharma (Indian politician)|Alok Sharma]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=981,109
|percentage=65.48
|change={{increase}}3.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Arun Shrivastava
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes=4,79,610
|percentage=32.01
|change={{decrease}}3.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bhanu Pratap Singh
|votes = 13,305
|percentage = 0.89
|change = {{increase}}0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 6,621
|percentage = 0.44
|change = {{increase}}0.05
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =5,01,499
|percentage =33.47
|change ={{increase}}7.56
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =14,98,285
|percentage =64.06
|change ={{decrease}}1.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}3.94
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]<ref name="Lok Sabha elections results 2019: Here is the full list of winners constituency-wise">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Lok Sabha elections results 2019: Here is the full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-5741562/ |accessdate=18 September 2022 |date=22 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918103330/https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-5741562/ |archivedate=18 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ac=24|title=Constituency wise detailed result|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate=[[Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur]] |votes=8,66,482 |percentage=61.54 |change=-1.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Digvijaya Singh]]|votes=5,01,660|percentage=35.63|change=+5.24}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=5,430|percentage=0.39|change=-0.06}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes= 3,64,822
|percentage= 25.91
|change= -6.89
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes=14,08,669
|percentage=65.74
|change=+7.99
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -1.65
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Alok Sanjar]]
|votes = 7,14,178
|percentage = 63.19
|change = +12.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. C. Sharma]]
|votes = 3,43,482
|percentage = 30.39
|change = -10.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Rachna Dhingra
|votes = 21,298
|percentage = 1.88
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sunil Borse
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 10,152
|percentage = 0.90
|change = -1.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shailendra Kumar Shaili
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 7,643
|percentage = 0.68
|change = "N/A"
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 5,181
|percentage = 0.46
|change = "N/A"
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,70,696
|percentage = 32.80
|change = +22.91
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,30,182
|percentage = 57.75
|change = +12.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +12.24
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kailash Chandra Joshi]]
|votes = 3,35,678
|percentage = 50.95
|change = -14.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Surendra Singh Thakur
|votes = 2,70,521
|percentage = 41.06
|change = +11.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate =Ashok Narayan Singh
|votes = 18,649
|percentage = 2.83
|change = +0.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Munawar Khan Kausar
|votes = 8,615
|percentage = 1.31
|change = +0.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Brajendra Chaturvedi
|votes = 3,570
|percentage = 0.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 65,157
|percentage = 9.89
|change = -25.75
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,58,840
|percentage = 45.07
|change = -1.39
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = -14.46
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kailash Joshi]]
|votes = 5,61,563
|percentage = 65.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sajith Ali Banbhan
|votes = 2,55,558
|percentage = 29.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = G. S. Chawala
|votes = 16,712
|percentage = 1.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Brij Basi Lal Sharma
|votes = 7,965
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,06,005
|percentage = 35.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,58,463
|percentage = 46.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Uma Bharti|Sadhvi Uma Sri Bharti]]
|votes = 5,37,905
|percentage = 55.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Suresh Pachouri]]
|votes = 3,69,041
|percentage = 37.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate =Shrawan Gourav
|votes = 19,710
|percentage = 2.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Phool Singh
|votes = 18,617
|percentage = 1.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Aslam Sher Khan
|votes = 6,044
|percentage = 0.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,68,864
|percentage = 17.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =9,76,493
|percentage = 61.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushil Chandra Varma|Dr. Sushil Chandra Varma]]
|votes = 4,94,481
|percentage = 57.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Arif Beg|Arif Baig]]
|votes = 3,00,549
|percentage = 34.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manoj Shrivastava
|votes = 54,526
|percentage = 4.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shailendra Kumar
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 15,423
|percentage= 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,93,932
|percentage = 22.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,60,917
|percentage = 58.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushil Chandra Varma|Dr. Sushil Chandra Varma]]
|votes = 3,53,427
|percentage = 49.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kailash Agnihotri
|votes = 2,02,533
|percentage = 28.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramesh Saxena
|votes = 52,865
|percentage = 7.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)
|candidate = Lalit Srivastava
|votes = 46,146
|percentage = 6.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rafiq Aslam Qureshi
|votes = 8,605
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,50,894
|percentage = 21.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,17,295
|percentage = 49.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushil Chandra Varma|Dr. Sushil Chandra Varma]]
|votes = 3,08,946
|percentage = 53.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]]
|votes = 2,06,738
|percentage = 35.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Agnivesh|Swami Agniwesh]]
|votes = 26,716
|percentage = 4.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,02,208
|percentage = 17.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,76,232
|percentage = 49.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushil Chandra Varma|Dr. Sushil Chandra Varma]]
|votes = 2,81,169
|percentage = 46.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K. N. Pradhan]]
|votes = 1,77,515
|percentage = 29.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = A. Rauf Khan
|votes = 97,886
|percentage = 16.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,03,654
|percentage = 17.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,04,911
|percentage = 53.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: [[Bhopal]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K. N. Pradhan]]
|votes = 2,40,717
|percentage = 61.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Laxminarayan Sharma]]
|votes = 1,12,053
|percentage = 28.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Goswami Gajanan Puri
|votes = 5,705
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gulkhan Alam
|votes = 4,710
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shiv Kumar Sahni
|votes = 4,386
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,28,664
|percentage = 32.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,89,943
|percentage = 48.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bhopal district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/madhya_pradesh/bhopal/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Bhopal lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{City of Bhopal}}

{{coord|23.2667|77.4|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhopal (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Bhopal district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhopal]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Chaturi Nand

2026-04-19T02:34:32Z

AuroraMackellar: starting a pg.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chaturi Nand
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| office1 = Member of the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 3 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| predecessor1 = Kismat Lal Nand
| constituency1 = [[Saraipali Assembly constituency|Saraipali]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|11|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Saraipali|Singhanpur]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| mother =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University]]
| profession =
| source =
}}
'''Chaturi Nand''' (born 1980) is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. She is an MLA from [[Saraipali Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Mahasamund district]]. She won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite news | date=2023-12-03 |title=Saraipali Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Chaturi Nand Wins From Saraipali |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/saraipali-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-jcc-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-news-1647374 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaturi Nand, INC Candidate from Saraipali Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://beta.news18.com/elections/chhattisgarh/chaturi-nand-assembly-candidate-s26aed2008a039e2023c002/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=beta.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Nand is from Barihapali village,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saraipali Chhattisgarh MLA-CHATURI NAND |url=https://sarkarihelpline.com/portfolio/saraipali-chhattisgarh-mla-chaturi-nand/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Sarkari Helpline |language=en}}</ref> [[Saraipali]] post, Mahasamund district, Chhattisgarh. She completed her B.S.C. in 2002, MA. Hindi in 2008 and B.Ed. in 2019 at [[Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaturi Nand(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SARAIPALI (SC)(MAHASAMUND) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=1207 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Nand won from Saraipali Assembly constituency representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. She polled 100,503 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Sarla Kosariya of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 41,888 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saraipali (SC) assembly election results 2023: Saraipali (SC) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh/saraipali-sc-assembly-result-26039 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saraipali Constituency Election Results 2023: Saraipali Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh/constituency-show/saraipali |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaturi Nand , Cong Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Chaturi Nand , Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/chaturi-nand-50039-2 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nand, Chaturi}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mahasamund district]]
[[Category:Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University alumni]]

Rajendra Prasad Singh (linguist)

2026-04-18T12:10:38Z

AuroraMackellar: adding biography

{{Short description|Indian linguistic scholar and author (born 1965)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|1=Academics|date=July 2025}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=July 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Rajendra Prasad Singh
| image = File:DrRajendraPrasadSingh.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = image during speech in 2016
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|11|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = Arang village, [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]], Bihar
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* [[Linguist]]
* Historian
* author
}}
| education = PhD ([[Banaras Hindu University]])
| alma_mater =
| main_interests = Indian languages, Subaltern studies, Civilizational history, Hindi literature
| notable_works = [[#Literature|See here]]
}}
'''Rajendra Prasad Singh''' (born 5 November 1965) is a historian, linguist, professor, author and activist known for his critical analysis of Indian history and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nawal Kishore |date=2023-11-08 |title=केवल कुशवाहा/कोइरी जाति के नहीं थे सम्राट अशोक : राजेंद्र प्रसाद सिंह |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2023/11/news-samtrat-ashok-koery-rajendra-prasad-singh/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Forward Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bindu |first=Kumar |date=2018-09-08 |title=Rajendra Prasad Singh: Challenging the dwij perspective of history |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2018/09/rajendra-prasad-singh-challenging-the-dwij-perspective-of-history/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Forward Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Hareram |date=2018-08-05 |title=साहित्य के नये प्रतिमानों के प्रस्तावक राजेन्द्र प्रसाद सिंह |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2018/08/dr-rajendra-prasad-singh-who-has-proposed-new-benchmarks-for-literature-hindi/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Forward Press |language=en-US}}</ref> He has been a professor at [[Shanti Prasad Jain College]] since 1996 and was promoted to be the Head of Department of Hindi in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद बनाए गए एसपी जैन कॉलेज के हिन्दी विभागाध्यक्ष |trans-title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad was made the Head of Hindi Department of SP Jain College |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sasaram/story-dr-rajendra-prasad-appointed-head-of-hindi-department-of-sp-jain-college-9427071.html |work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]}}</ref> His writings has been published in [[Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad]].

== Early life and career ==
Dr. Singh was born on November 5, 1965, to Budh Ram Singh. He completed his schooling in his hometown. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Hindi and later completed his Master of Arts. In 1994, he received his doctorate in Hindi language from [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh |url=https://www.spjainsasaram.co.in/naacsp/profileview.php?id=BJ0008895 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.spjainsasaram.co.in}}</ref>

He began his career as a lecturer at [[Veer Kunwar Singh University]] and, over time, advanced to the position of editor. Eventually, he became a professor at Shanti Prasad Jain Mahavidyalaya, Sasaram, Bihar. He was honored with the Dr. George Grierson Award by the Bihar government for his significant contributions to the field of language studies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=Biography Of Dr Rajendra Prasad Singh {{!}} Bahujan Sahitya » Bahujansahitya |url=https://bahujansahitya.com/biography-of-dr-rajendra-prasad-singh/#:~:text=Dr%20Rajendra%20Prasad%20Singh%20historian,his%20schooling%20in%20his%20hometown. |access-date=2024-12-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=हिंदी भाषा में स्त्री-विमर्श : राजेंद्र प्रसाद सिंह |url=https://vagartha.bharatiyabhashaparishad.org/rajendra-prasad-singh/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=वागर्थ |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Literature ==
He has written plenty of books on language, literature & history from an Indian subaltern lens. His first and following many works/books on linguistics were published by [[Rajkamal Prakashan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh |url=https://rajkamalprakashan.com/author/rajendra-prasad-singh?srsltid=AfmBOopTdekTHDSmNEHRFU92XjOLbp5jEeRfvYemxPTnGdpHGajaF2ad |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=rajkamalprakashan.com}}</ref>

Singh's books include:

===Linguistics and literature===
*''Bhasha Ka Samaj Shastra (2003)'' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Rajendra Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMyTVK_Wb5QC |title=Bhasha Ka Samajshastra |date=26 August 2004 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-267-0811-6 |language=hi}}</ref>
*''Bharat Mein Naag Parivar Ki Bhashayen''
*''Hindi Ki Lambi Kavitaon Ka Aalochana Paksh''
*''Kavyatara''
*''Kavyarasnidhi''
*''Bhramargeet''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Rajendra Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-AxEQAAQBAJ |title=Bhramar Geet : Saundaryashastriya Anushilan |date=2024-08-01 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-93603-84-5 |language=en}}</ref>
*''Hindi Sahitya Ka Subaltern Itihaas''
*''Hindi Sahitya Prasangvash''
*''Aadhunik Bhojpuri Ke Dalit Kavi Aur Kavya''
*''Bhojpuri Ke Aadhunik Bhasha Shastra''
*''Kahani Ke Sau Saal''
*''Sahitya Mein Loktantra Ki Awaaz''
*''OBC Sahitya Vimarsh''
*''Hindi Ka Asmitamoolak Sahitya''
*''Dalit Sahitya Ka Itihaas Bhugol''
*''Bhasha, Sahitya Aur Itihaas Ka Punarpadh''
*''Bhojpuri-Hindi-English Lok Shabdkosh''
*''Pachanve Bhashaon Ka Samekit Paryay Shabdkosh''
*''Bhojpuri Bhasha, Vyakaran Aur Rachna''
*''Bhojpuri Vyakaran, Shabdkosh Aur Anuvaad Ke Samay''
*''Bhojpuri Ke Bhasha Shastra''
*''OBC Sahitya Ke Vividh Aayaam''

===Books on history===
* ''Itihas Ka Muayana''
* ''Buddh Sabhyata Ki Khoj''
* ''Buddh Itihas Ki Jhalak''
* ''Samrat Asoka Ka Sahi Itihas''
* ''Chhipaye Raidas Bahar Aaye''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rajendra Prasad}}
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Bhojpuri-language writers]]
[[Category:Sociolinguists]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Bihar]]
[[Category:Scholars from Bihar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian linguists]]

Naveen Kumar (kabaddi)

2026-04-17T03:54:44Z

AuroraMackellar: created a biography.

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Naveen Kumar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Naveen Kumar playing a [[Pro Kabaddi League|PKL]] match for Haryana Steelers
| headercolor =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| fullname = Naveen Kumar Goyat
| nickname = Naveen Express
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|2|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = Sultanpur, [[Haryana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| education = [[Kurukshetra University]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Kabaddi]] Player
| years_active = 2018–present
| employer =
| agent =
| height = 5 feet 10 inches<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportzcraazy.com/naveen-kumar-kabaddi/ |title=Naveen Kumar Profile Statistics, Raid Points & Team |date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
| weight = 76 kg<ref name="auto2"/>
| spouse =
| life_partner =
| other_interests =
| website =
| country = India
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| position = Raider
| event =
| league = [[Pro Kabaddi League]]
| league_type =
| club = [[Haryana Steelers| Haryana Steelers]] (2025–present)
| team = [[India national kabaddi team|Indian national kabaddi team]]
| turnedpro =
| coach =
| retired =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| highestranking =
| show-medals =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Men's [[kabaddi]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|Team}}
}}

'''Naveen Kumar Goyat''' (born 14 February 2000) is an Indian professional [[kabaddi]] player who plays for the [[India national kabaddi team|Indian national kabaddi team]] and [[Haryana Steelers]] in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]]. His speedy raiding and consistency makes him one of the best raiders in the league.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TOP 5 Raiders of Prokabaddi Season 7 2019 |url=http://www.kabaddiadda.com/articles/top-5-raiders-prokabaddi-season-7-2019 |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Kabaddi Adda |language=en}}</ref> He was part of the Indian Kabaddi team<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2023 |title=Full list of Indian athletes for Asian Games 2023 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/asian-games-2023-full-list-of-634-indian-athletes-who-will-take-part-in-hangzhou-event-13042652.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> that won the gold medal at the [[2022 Asian Games]]. India defeated [[Iran national kabaddi team|Iran]] 33-29 in a controversial final.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2023 |title=India win men's kabaddi gold after controversial final against Iran involving one hour stoppage |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/38588943/asian-games-2022-india-win-gold-controversial-final-iran-involving-one-hour-stoppage |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games 2023, Day 14 Live Updates: India win men's kabaddi Gold after controversial finish |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/day-14-live-updates-medals-archery-india-vs-afghanistan-cricket-kabaddi-satwik-chirag-finals-2445671-2023-10-07 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Naveen was born in Bhaini Jattan (Kungar)village in [[Bhiwani district]], [[Haryana]], on 14 February 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2022 |title=Biography of Naveen Kumar Goyat kabaddi – Kabaddian |url=https://kabaddian.com/biography-of-naveen-kumar-goyat/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> His father (Sansar Goyat) is a Roadways Bus driver; and he was introduced to the sport by his grandfather.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Srijanee D. |date=3 October 2019 |title=Haryana roadways driver's son Naveen makes waves in kabaddi |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/haryana-roadways-drivers-son-naveen-makes-waves-in-kabaddi/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> He completed his education at [[Kurukshetra University]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Who is Naveen Kumar? Know everything about the express raider |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/kabaddi/features/pro-kabaddi-naveen-kumar-profile-career-statistics |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> He is the youngest person playing in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="kabaddiakhada.com">{{Cite web |date=25 September 2023 |title=Naveen Kumar Goyat - Kabaddi Player - Dabang Delhi kc |url=https://kabaddiakhada.com/naveen-kumar-goyat-kabaddi-player/ |access-date=28 September 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Pro Kabaddi League career ==

=== Season 6 ===
Naveen made his debut in 2018, [[2018–19 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 6]] of the Pro Kabaddi League for the club [[Dabang Delhi]]. He finished the season as the team's top scorer with 177 points and helped it to the playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naveen Kumar Profile, Age, Career Stats, Biography, Pro Kabaddi 2019 Season 7 Team |url=https://www.news18.com/pro-kabaddi-2019/dabang-delhi-kc/naveen-kumar-2296/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=News18}}</ref>

=== Season 7 ===
He performed consistently in [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 7]] and won the ''[[Most valuable player]]'' Award (MVP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2019 |title=A record-breaking season lands Naveen Kumar the Season 7 MVP title |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/a-record-breaking-season-lands-naveen-kumar-the-season-7-mvp-title |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=vivo Pro Kabaddi League |language=en}}</ref> The team emerged runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Dabang Delhi beat Bengaluru Bulls to enter PKL final |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/dabang-delhi-beat-bengaluru-bulls-to-enter-pkl-final-768978.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2019 |title=Pro Kabaddi 2019: Bengal Warriors derail 'Naveen Express' to win maiden title; beat Dabang Delhi 39-34 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-2019-bengal-warriors-derail-naveen-express-to-win-maiden-title-beat-dabang-delhi-39-34-7524051.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2021 |title=2019 finale defeat still hurts: Reigning MVP Naveen Kumar says Dabang Delhi motivated to go all the way in PKL 8 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/2019-finale-defeat-still-hurts-reigning-mvp-naveen-kumar-says-dabang-delhi-motivated-to-go-all-the-way-in-pkl-8-101639905354806.html |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> His performance placed him as one of the league's best raiders, scoring 300 points in a single season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Pro Kabaddi: Naveen upbeat over Dabang's home-phase engagements |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-league/pro-kabaddi-naveen-upbeat-over-dabangs-home-phase-engagements/articleshow/70869032.cms |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Naveen Kumar profile – Age, Raid Points, Tackles, Position, Team, Records, Profile – vivo Pro Kabaddi |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/players/naveen-kumar-profile-2296 |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=vivo Pro Kabaddi League |language=en}}</ref> He scored ''Super 10s'' (more than 10 points in a single game) in 22 of the 23 matches he played.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKL Auctions 2021: Who are the New Young Players? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pkl-auctions-2021-who-are-new-young-players-nyp-naveen-kumar-nitesh-kumar-rohit-gulia-surinder-singh-pro-kabaddi-league-news/article36155252.ece |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anish |date=18 October 2019 |title=Consistent performer: Why Naveen Kumar may be the next big Pro Kabaddi star |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/consistent-performer-why-naveen-kumar-may-be-the-next-big-pro-kabaddi-star-119101800915_1.html |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> He also got the nickname '''Naveen Express''<nowiki/>' for his speedy raids and consistency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2022 |title=Kabaddi's latest superstar who still loves a seista under the jaamun tree |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/long-read-naveen-kumar-goyat-kabaddis-latest-superstar-pkl-7712655/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 8 ===
Naveen played in the first few matches of the [[2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League season|tournament]] and the team won initial games.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2021 |title=PKL: Naveen shines in Dabang Delhi's win over Bengal Warriors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-league/pkl-naveen-shines-in-dabang-delhis-win-over-bengal-warriors/articleshow/88573408.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Pro Kabaddi League: Naveen Kumar helps Dabang Delhi beat U Mumba; Bulls defeat Thalaivas |url=https://zeenews.india.com/other-sports/pro-kabaddi-league-naveen-kumar-helps-dabang-delhi-beat-u-mumba-bulls-defeat-thalaivas-2422387.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Kabaddi PKL 8 Highlights: Naveen Kumar scores 18 points, Dabang Delhi defeats UP Yoddha 37–33 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league/vivo-pro-kabaddi-league-up-yoddha-vs-dabang-delhi-live-score-pkl-8-commentary-streaming-result/article38188810.ece |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2022 |title=PKL 8: Naveen Kumar Helps Dabang Delhi Edge Past Telugu Titans 36–35 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/pkl-8-naveen-kumar-helps-dabang-delhi-edge-past-telugu-titans-36-35-4626974.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He also became the fastest player to reach 600 points in the history of the league.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Pro Kabaddi League Match 7 Highlights: Naveen leads Dabang Delhi to 31–27 win over U Mumba |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/pro-kabaddi-7-live-score-u-mumba-vs-dabang-delhi-live-score-1891875-2021-12-24 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top three fastest players to reach 600 raid points in Pro Kabaddi League |url=https://khelnow.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league-top-three-fastest-players-to-600-raid-points/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Khel Now |language=en-US}}</ref> However, he had to walk out in the middle due to an injury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi are playing well despite Naveen's absence, says Pawan Sehrawat |url=https://khelnow.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league-8-pawan-sehrawat-on-dabang-delhi-press-conference/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Khel Now |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=From teen prodigy to MVP: Relentless Naveen Kumar's meteoric rise |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/33098294/from-teen-prodigy-mvp-naveen-kumars-meteoric-rise |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2022 |title=Dabang Delhi KC aim comeback, Bengal Warriors take on U Mumba |url=https://theprint.in/sport/dabang-delhi-kc-aim-comeback-bengal-warriors-take-on-u-mumba/803442/ |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2022 |title=Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) 2021, Day 22 Highlights: Bengaluru Bulls Decimate Dabang Delhi KC 61–22; UP, Haryana Game Ends in a Tie |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/pro-kabaddi-league-2021-match-today-live-score-live-streaming-updates-and-telecast-online-pkl-latest-news-haryana-steelers-up-yoddha-dabang-delhi-kc-bengaluru-bulls-livenews-4649519.html |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He returned in the latter stage of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=Trending news: Dabang Delhi KC to hit the mat today against U Mumba with Naveen Express |url=https://hindustannewshub.com/sports/dabang-delhi-kc-to-hit-the-mat-today-against-u-mumba-with-naveen-express/ |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=Hindustan News Hub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Kabaddi PKL 8 Highlights: Dabang Delhi ties with Bengaluru Bulls; Pawan and Naveen pick up Super 10s |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league/dabang-delhi-vs-bengaluru-bulls-live-score-naveen-kumar-pawan-sehrawat-vivo-pro-kabaddi-league-pkl-8-commentary-streaming-result/article38376799.ece |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2022 |title=Naveen Kumar helps Dabang Delhi beat Tamil Thalaivas 32–31 in Pro Kabaddi League |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-league/naveen-kumar-helps-dabang-delhi-beat-tamil-thalaivas-32-31-in-pro-kabaddi-league/articleshow/89531938.cms |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Dabang Delhi won the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasudevan |first=Shyam |title=Dabang Delhi wins PKL8, beats Patna Pirates 37–36 in final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league/dabang-delhi-beats-patna-pirates-lifts-maiden-title-pro-kabaddi-league-pkl-8-final/article38439324.ece |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> Naveen won the ''Most Valuable Player'' Award as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=vivo Pro Kabaddi League: Naveen, Pawan take home top honours of the season |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/pro-kabaddi-league-season-8-awards |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=vivo Pro Kabaddi League |language=en}}</ref>

== International career ==
Naveen Kumar plays for the [[India national kabaddi team|Indian national kabaddi team]]. He was a part of the national team at the [[2019 South Asian Games|13th South-Asian Games]], where he played an important role in helping the team win the tournament. He scored a Super 10 in the final against Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=13th South Asian Games: Naveen Kumar shines as Indian Kabaddi Team crush Sri Lanka to win gold medal – Movie News |url=https://www.moviebreakingnews.com/2019/12/13th-south-asian-games-naveen-kumar-shines-as-indian-kabaddi-team-crush-sri-lanka-to-win-gold-medal/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Kabaddi teams bag gold in South Asian Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/kabaddi-indian-teams-win-gold-medals-south-asian-games-kathmandu-beat-sri-lanka-nepal/article30252152.ece |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In the Asian Kabaddi Championships 2023 in Busan, he is the key player of a team. Naveen performed well in this tournament and helped [[India]] take a gold medal.<ref name="kabaddiakhada.com"/> He was selected for the Asian Games 2023, which were hosted by China.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parkar |first=Ubaid |date=28 September 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023: Pawan Sehrawat, Naveen Kumar headline Indian men’s kabaddi team - full squad |work=Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-national-kabaddi-team-asian-games-2023-squad-list |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{InterSportStats|3000577945|Naveen Goyat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Naveen}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League players]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players from Haryana]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Thiruvananthapuram–Hazrat Nizamuddin Express (Via Alappuzha)

2026-04-15T07:53:16Z

AuroraMackellar: Stub

{{short description|Passenger train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Thiruvananthapuram Central–Hazrat Nizamuddin Superfast Express
| image= Thiruvananthapuram Hazrat Nizamuddin Express Trainboard.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|03|05}}
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Thiruvananthapuram Central}} (TVC)
| stops = 27
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|3149|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 48 hours 00 minutes as 22633, 51 hours 05 minutes as 22634
| frequency = Weekly
| class =AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 22633 / 22634
| speed = {{convert|61|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:Kerala Samparkkranti Express Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 22633 / 22634 '''Thiruvananthapuram Central–Hazrat Nizamuddin Super fast Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[Southern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Thiruvananthapuram Central}} and {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} in India.

It operates as train number 22633 from Thiruvananthapuram Central to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 22634 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]] & Delhi.<ref>[http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1882&did=1394001158169BBF82EABA45EB4B08147EDFFB80C8607.web103], ''Western Railways'', 5 March 2014</ref>

==Coaches==

The 22633 / 22634 Thiruvananthapuram Central–Hazrat Nizamuddin Express have 1 AC 2 tier, 6 AC 3 tier, 10 Sleeper class 3 tier, 4 General Unreserved and 2 EOG (Seating cum Luggage Rake) coaches. It does not carry a [[pantry car]].<ref>[http://www.konkanrailway.com/press/details/617], ''Konkan Railway'', 31 March 2017</ref>

As it is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==

22633/ Thiruvananthapuram Central–Hazrat Nizamuddin Superfast Express covers the distance of {{convert|3149|km|0|abbr=on}} in 48 hours (110 km/h) and in 51 hours 05 mins as 22634/Hazrat Nizamuddin–Thiruvananthapuram Central Superfast Express (58 km/h).<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/list-of-trains-affected-due-to-gujjar-agitation-in-rajasthan-765150], ''ndtv.com'', 22 May 2015</ref>

==Routeing==

The 22633 / 22634 Thiruvananthapuram Central–Hazrat Nizamuddin Express runs from Thiruvananthapuram Central via
{{stnlnk|Kollam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Alappuzha}}, {{stnlnk|Ernakulam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Shoranur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Mangalore Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Madgaon Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Panvel}}, {{stnlnk|Vasai Road}}, {{stnlnk|Surat}}, {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Kota Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}} to Hazrat Nizamuddin.

==Traction==

earlier was run with [[WDP-3A]]. Both trains are hauled by an Electric Loco from Thiruvananthapuram to {{stnlnk|Nizamuddin}}, both trains are hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed,]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive until Hazrat Nizamuddin and vice versa.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/thiruvananthapuram-central-hazrat-nizamuddin-sf-express-22633/22081/59/748 22633 Thiruvananthapuram Hazrat Nizamuddin Superfast Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/hazrat-nizamuddin-thiruvananthapuram-central-sf-express-22634/22084/748/59 22634 Hazrat Nizamuddin Thiruvananthapuram Superfast Express] at India Rail Info

{{Express trains running through Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiruvananthapuram Central-Hazrat Nizamuddin Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Goa]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2014]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]

Bidar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:09Z

AuroraMackellar: creating new article

{{short description|Vidhan Sabha constituency in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bidar
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 50
| map_image = 50-Bidar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Rahim Khan (politician)|Rahim Khan]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| preceded_by = [[Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli]]
| district = [[Bidar district|Bidar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:228035}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| reservation = None
}}

'''Bidar Assembly constituency''' is one of the seats in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is a segment of [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Shafiuddin || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan="2" | Maqsood Ali Khan
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || C. Gurupadappa || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Manikrao. R. Phuleker || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Veershetty Moglappa Kusnoor || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1982 elections in India#Karnataka|1982 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 08/04/1982}} || M. Kamal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Narayan Rao Manhalli || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Mohd Laiquddin Mohd. Burhanuddin || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Narayan Rao || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Syed Zulfekar Hashmi || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Ramesh Kumar Pande || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Bandeppa Kashempur]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli|Dr. Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 elections in India#Karnataka|2009 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 04/02/2009}} || [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli|Dr. Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli]] || {{Full party name with color|Karnataka Janata Paksha}}
|-
| [[2016 elections in India#Karnataka|2016 By-election]] {{efn|Died on 17/11/2015}} || rowspan="3" | [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,165 |percentage = 46.03% |change = {{decrease}}6.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suryakanth Nagamarpalli |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 58,385 |percentage = 38.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ishwar Singh Thakur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,779 |percentage = 11.83% |change = {{decrease}}32.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gulam Ali |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 2,032 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 543 |percentage = 0.36% |change = {{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,780 |percentage = 7.17% |change = {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,421 |percentage = 65.96% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 150,277}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228,035 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 73,270 |percentage = 52.10% |change = {{decrease}}3.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suryakanth Nagamarpalli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,025 |percentage = 44.82% |change = {{increase}}6.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Muniyappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,384 |percentage = 0.98% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 690 |percentage = 0.49% |change = {{increase}}0.04 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,245 |percentage = 7.29% |change = {{decrease}}10.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 140,934 |percentage = 64.99% |change = {{increase}}3.77 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,623}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 216,853 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2016 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2016 elections in India#Karnataka|2016 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 70,138 |percentage = 56.05% |change = {{increase}}23.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prakash Khanore |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,417 |percentage = 37.89% |change = {{increase}}33.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Md. Ayaz Khan |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,421 |percentage = 3.53% |change = {{increase}}1.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Madna Vaijinath |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,519 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 565 |percentage = 0.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,721 |percentage = 18.16% |change = {{increase}}16.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 125,751 |percentage = 61.22% |change = {{increase}}1.75 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,134}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,392 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Karnataka Janata Paksha |swing = {{increase}}21.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli|Dr. Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli]] |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 50,718 |percentage = 34.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,147 |percentage = 32.73% |change = {{decrease}}7.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Kumar Pande |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,888 |percentage = 4.00% |change = {{decrease}}25.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Amar Avinash Yerolkar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,420 |percentage = 1.65% |change = {{decrease}}19.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandari |party = Pyramid Party of India |votes = 1,485 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,571 |percentage = 1.75% |change = {{decrease}}9.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,144 |percentage = 59.47% |change = {{increase}}6.18 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 147,091}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 190,262 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.26 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Karnataka Janata Paksha |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 elections in India#Karnataka|2009 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,595 |percentage = 40.02% |change = {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suryakanth Nagamarpalli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,781 |percentage = 29.09% |change = {{increase}}5.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Khashpur |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,276 |percentage = 21.51% |change = {{increase}}20.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Julfikar Hashni |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,919 |percentage = 3.96% |change = {{decrease}}30.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Basav |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 920 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sridhar Bangle |party = Independent politician |votes = 644 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,814 |percentage = 10.93% |change = {{increase}}7.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 99,156 |percentage = 53.29% |change = {{increase}}5.31 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 98,929}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 186,058 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.45 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli|Dr. Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,557 |percentage = 37.83% |change = {{increase}}34.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rahim Khan (Indian politician)|Rahim Khan]] |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 30,627 |percentage = 34.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raghunathrao Malkapure |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,561 |percentage = 23.18% |change = {{increase}}14.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Swamy Manhalli |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,097 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajshri Shirikanth Swamy |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,086 |percentage = 1.22% |change = {{decrease}}3.52 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,930 |percentage = 3.30% |change = {{decrease}}16.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,880 |percentage = 47.98% |change = {{decrease}}13.72 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,700}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,232 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}15.91 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}11.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bandeppa Kashempur]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 67,019 |percentage = 49.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Zulfekar Hashmi |party = Independent politician |votes = 39,784 |percentage = 29.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Revansiddappa Jalade |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,212 |percentage = 8.26% |change = {{decrease}}25.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amruth Rao Chimkod |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,440 |percentage = 4.74% |change = {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rafat Mateen |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,343 |percentage = 3.20% |change = {{decrease}}29.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivraj Patil Atiwal |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,270 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Kumar Gadgi |party = Janata Party |votes = 928 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Swamy Manhalli |party = Independent politician |votes = 829 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,235 |percentage = 20.06% |change = {{increase}}18.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,922 |percentage = 61.70% |change = {{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 135,741}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 220,278 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.91 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}15.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Kumar Pande |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,270 |percentage = 33.80% |change = {{increase}}15.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bandeppa Kashempur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,180 |percentage = 32.20% |change = {{increase}}26.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Zulfekar Hashmi |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 41,699 |percentage = 31.84% |change = {{increase}}5.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. F. Shaheen Patel |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,415 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,090 |percentage = 1.60% |change = {{decrease}}2.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,818 |percentage = 66.04% |change = {{increase}}8.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 130,979}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,839 |percentage = 2.85% |change = {{increase}}0.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 204,135 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bahujan Samaj Party |swing = {{increase}}7.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Zulfekar Hashmi |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 25,433 |percentage = 26.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amruth Rao Chimkod |party = Janata Dal |votes = 21,881 |percentage = 22.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Rao Manhalli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,818 |percentage = 18.33% |change = {{decrease}}13.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shant Kumar Chanda |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,893 |percentage = 11.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maichal Joseph |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,285 |percentage = 8.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd Laiquddin Mohd. Burhanuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,114 |percentage = 5.26% |change = {{decrease}}24.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Afsar Khan Gadgi |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,241 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahfooz Ali |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,202 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malshetty Basappa |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 1,080 |percentage = 1.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,552 |percentage = 3.65% |change = {{increase}}1.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 99,168 |percentage = 57.98% |change = {{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,200}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,968 |percentage = 1.98% |change = {{decrease}}5.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,049 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.64 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bahujan Samaj Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Rao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 24,922 |percentage = 31.80% |change = {{decrease}}7.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd Laiquddin Mohd. Burhanuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,330 |percentage = 29.77% |change = {{decrease}}15.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amruth Rao |party = Janata Party |votes = 8,464 |percentage = 10.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Babu |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,069 |percentage = 7.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaijinath Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,480 |percentage = 5.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangram |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 2,877 |percentage = 3.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shambhuling |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,588 |percentage = 3.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivsharnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,754 |percentage = 2.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Khayum |party = Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes = 951 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,592 |percentage = 2.03% |change = {{decrease}}3.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 84,352 |percentage = 56.04% |change = {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,372}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,980 |percentage = 7.09% |change = {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 150,514 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.89 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd Laiquddin Mohd. Burhanuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,206 |percentage = 45.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Rao Manhalli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 22,049 |percentage = 39.58% |change = {{decrease}}9.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. Hafeez Chanda |party = Janata Party |votes = 7,580 |percentage = 13.61% |change = {{increase}}8.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Sagar Saidappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 501 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,157 |percentage = 5.67% |change = {{decrease}}5.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,610 |percentage = 48.48% |change = {{decrease}}12.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,710}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 900 |percentage = 1.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,774 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.86 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Rao Manhalli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,756 |percentage = 48.88% |change = {{increase}}15.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohsin Kamal |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,602 |percentage = 38.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Narayan Rao Narasappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,823 |percentage = 4.97% |change = {{decrease}}3.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharanappa Mallappa Allapur |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 2.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Sagar Saidappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,486 |percentage = 2.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaik Syed |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,383 |percentage = 2.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,154 |percentage = 10.84% |change = {{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,869 |percentage = 61.38% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,779}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,090 |percentage = 1.88% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,277 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1982 elections in India#Karnataka|1982 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Kamal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,766 |percentage = 44.47% |change = {{increase}}32.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. R. Manhally |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 13,381 |percentage = 33.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. R. Belur |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,529 |percentage = 8.83% |change = {{decrease}}17.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Sagar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,709 |percentage = 6.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Qureshi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,836 |percentage = 4.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Rudrappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 456 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,385 |percentage = 10.97% |change = {{decrease}}20.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 39,955}}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}12.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veershetty Moglappa Kusnoor |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 29,809 |percentage = 57.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kashinath Gurappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,515 |percentage = 25.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd Laiquddin Mohd. Burhanuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,128 |percentage = 11.77% |change = {{decrease}}29.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Brijpal Singh Gajrajisingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,188 |percentage = 4.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayanandrao Ekambar Lalojee |party = Independent politician |votes = 430 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,294 |percentage = 31.29% |change = {{increase}}25.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,360 |percentage = 64.71% |change = {{increase}}10.04 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,070}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,290 |percentage = 2.42% |change = {{increase}}2.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,466 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.09 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}16.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Manikrao. R. Phuleker |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,562 |percentage = 41.08% |change = {{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Madivalappa Kheny |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,253 |percentage = 35.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. A. Nabi Syed Sameb |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 6,862 |percentage = 17.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. David |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,184 |percentage = 2.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Zhareppa Tukkappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 799 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Z. K. Mazhar Ali Khan |party = Independent politician |votes = 439 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,309 |percentage = 5.73% |change = {{decrease}}9.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,325 |percentage = 54.67% |change = {{decrease}}10.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,319}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,596 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.60 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing = {{decrease}}16.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = C. Gurupadappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 21,514 |percentage = 57.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. Khan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,880 |percentage = 42.47% |change = {{decrease}}25.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,634 |percentage = 15.07% |change = {{decrease}}23.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,115 |percentage = 64.99% |change = {{increase}}22.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,394}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,186 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.42 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Maqsood Ali Khan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,277 |percentage = 67.85% |change = {{increase}}17.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. V. Bidap |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 6,161 |percentage = 29.28% |change = {{increase}}10.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivram Marothi |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 605 |percentage = 2.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,116 |percentage = 38.57% |change = {{increase}}18.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 21,981 |percentage = 42.15% |change = {{increase}}16.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 21,043}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,145 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}17.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Maqsood Ali Khan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,314 |percentage = 50.79% |change = {{decrease}}12.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangnath Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,758 |percentage = 30.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veerapakshappa |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,360 |percentage = 18.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,556 |percentage = 20.56% |change = {{decrease}}22.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 12,432 |percentage = 26.06% |change = {{decrease}}5.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 12,432}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,709 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}5.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bidar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shafiuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,192 |percentage = 62.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veerashetti |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 3,248 |percentage = 20.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangnath Sheti |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 2,782 |percentage = 17.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,944 |percentage = 42.81% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 16,222 |percentage = 31.98% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 16,222}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,725 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|17.91|77.50|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bidar district]]
[[Category:Bidar]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-12T10:57:34Z

AuroraMackellar: adding a article.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nizamabad (Rural)
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (18-Nizamabad Rural highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]]
| electors = 1,94,625
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 18
| loksabha_cons = [[Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency|Nizamabad]]
}}

'''Nizamabad (Rural) Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one among two constituencies in the city of [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] with a population of 3,22,781.<ref name="Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency profile">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1=Telangana |title=Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency profile |url=https://telanganatoday.com/nizamabad-rural-assembly-constituency-profile |access-date=15 January 2020 |date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324102328/https://telanganatoday.com/nizamabad-rural-assembly-constituency-profile |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> It is part of [[Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is currently representing the constituency.

==Mandals==
[[File:East view of Nizamabad.jpg|thumb|300px|The eastern side of Nizamabad city comprises Gangastan Phase 1,2 and 3 and Chandrashekar Colony belonging to Nizamabad Rural.]]
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Nizamabad mandal|Nizamabad Rural]]
|-
| [[Jakranpally]]
|-
| Mopal
|-
| Indalwai
|-
| [[Sirkonda]]
|-
| [[Dichpalle]]
|-
| [[Dharpalle]]
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly Dichpally==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State]]
|-
| [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| D. Srinivas Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Balreddy Anthareddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Mandava M. J. Thomas Chowdary
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Mandava Venkateshwara Rao]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Gaddam Ganga Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2008 by-election
| Akula Lalitha
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly Nizamabad (Rural)==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Mandava Venkateshwara Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Bajireddy Goverdhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Nizamabad Rural (Assembly constituency)<ref name="2023 Telangana Assembly Election Result - Nizamabad Rural">{{cite news |title=2023 Telangana Assembly Election Result - Nizamabad Rural |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2918.htm |access-date=5 July 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705180127/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2918.htm |archive-date=5 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="Nizamabad (Rural) Constituency Election Results 2018 - 2023: Nizamabad (Rural">{{cite news |title=Nizamabad (Rural) Constituency Election Results 2018 - 2023: Nizamabad (Rural |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/nizamabad-rural |access-date=5 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705180133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/nizamabad-rural |archive-date=5 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=[[Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy]]
|votes=78,378
|percentage=40.19
|change={{increase}}6.47}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Bajireddy Goverdhan]]|votes=56,415|percentage=28.93|change={{decrease}}21.93}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dinesh Kumar Kulachari|votes=49,723|percentage=25.50|change={{increase}}15.98}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Mattamla Shekhar|votes=2,293|percentage=1.18|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=2,268|percentage=1.16|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=21,963|percentage=11.26|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,95,018|percentage=76.96|change=}}{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nizamabad Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate=[[Bajireddy Goverdhan]]
|votes=87,976
|percentage=50.86
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy]]|votes=58,330|percentage=33.72|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Anand Reddy Gaddam|votes=16,467|percentage=9.52|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=2,203|percentage=1.27|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=29,646|percentage=17.4|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,72,969|percentage=79.15|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser =Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Nizamabad (Rural) (Assembly constituency)<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702033910/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=18 Nizamabad (Rural) Results]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Bajireddy Goverdhan]]
| votes = 70,010
| percentage = 46.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[D. Srinivas (politician)|D. Srinivas]]
| votes = 51,560
| percentage =30.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Anand Reddy Gaddam
| votes = 25,579
| percentage = 25.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Pitla Rama Krishna
| votes = 1,696
| percentage = 1.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 26,547
| percentage = 15.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,67,906
| percentage =74.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Nizamabad (Urban) (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}

{{coord|18.690|78.12|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Nizamabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]

Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!

2026-04-09T03:44:06Z

AuroraMackellar: New

{{short description|Indian fantasy television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka Season 2!.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| developer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| based_on =
| writer = [[Mrinal Jha]] Divy Nidhi Sharma (Dialogues, Shayari & Lyrics) Aparajita Sharma (Dialogues)
| story = [[Mrinal Jha]]
| screenplay = Shubham Sharma Bhavya Balantrapu Aditi Powar
| director = Atif Khan
| creative_director = Muskan Bajaj
| starring = [[Vikram Singh Chauhan]] [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]]
| theme_music_composer = [[Tapas Relia]]
| open_theme = ''Kahaani Humari Fasana Humara''
| composer = Sanjeev Shrivastav
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 218
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] Karishma Jain
| cinematography = Nidhin Valard
| animator = Flying Toads Entertainment Pvt. Ltd
| location = Film City, [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]
| editor = Shashank H.Singh
| camera = [[Multi camera]]
| runtime = 20-24 minutes
| company = [[4 Lions Films]]
| network = [[Star Plus]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2019|10|14}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2020|11|14}}
}}

'''''Yehh Jaadu Hai Jinn Ka!''''' ({{Translation}}''This Magic Is of the Jinn!'') (international title: '''''A Magical Love Story''''') is an Indian [[fantasy]] drama television series that aired from 14 October 2019 to 14 November 2020 on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kulfi-kumar-bajewalas-time-slot-to-change-due-to-low-trps-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-to-replace-the-show/articleshow/71280052.cms|title=Kulfi Kumar Bajewala's time slot to change due to low TRPs; Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka to replace the show|website=Times Of India|date=24 September 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111042335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kulfi-kumar-bajewalas-time-slot-to-change-due-to-low-trps-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-to-replace-the-show/articleshow/71280052.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Produced by [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] and Karishma Jain, it starred [[Vikram Singh Chauhan]] and [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-raaz-mahal/articleshow/70417697.cms|title=Vikram Singh Chauhan to play the lead in Gul Khan's 'Yeh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-30|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215142637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-raaz-mahal/articleshow/70417697.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> as leads.

==Plot==
Aman Khan and Roshni Ahmed are poles apart, different paths but one destination. Their lives are connected in the most extraordinary way, through fate and magic.

Aman Khan is a [[Nawab]] who is cursed by the Dark Shadow of a [[Djinn]]. Roshni, the daughter of a [[Tawaif]], is an Ayaana (A girl with the heart of an angel). Aman's family wants him to marry an Ayaana, they arrange his marriage with a girl named Ada, whom they are mistaken to be an Ayaana. During every test that they conduct to find out who is Ayaana, Roshni and Ada are both present at the same place. This leads to a case of mistaken identities making Ada the Ayaana who passes the tests when, in reality, it is Roshni who did. Parveen's (Aman's mother) life falls in danger because of the Jinn's magic and can be protected only if Aman marries an Ayaana thus revealing that Ada is not an Ayaana. Salma (Roshni's adoptive mother) pretends to be sick, forcing Roshni to marry Aman for money. Aman misunderstands Roshni to be a woman with ill intentions who will do anything for money. He detests her and gives her a cheque for marrying him. Aman and Roshni marry.

Roshni feels a connection with Aman but is hurt by his rude behaviour towards her owing to the misunderstanding that occurred. Later she falls in love with Aman, but he continues to dislike and insult her. Because of some misconceptions, Aman throws her out of his house and his life. Aman's brother, Kabir Khan, makes his entry. He tries to kill Aman, but to save Aman, Roshni takes the arrows herself and dies. Aman realizes his deep love for Roshni after her death and is left heartbroken and guilty for always misunderstanding her.

Kabir brings Roshni back to life but keeps her under his control, aiming to separate her from Aman. He erases all her memories with Aman. Kabir's hold on Roshni is destroyed when Aman stabs her with a magical dagger. Then Roshni regains her memory. Parveen is revealed to be evil who wants to use her sons to become the queen of jinns. Parveen kills Kabir but cannot kill Aman. Aman unintentionally touches a mighty sword and becomes 'Jinnat ka Badshah', the new most potent in the dark world. Aman and Roshni enjoy their life together.

Aliya, Aman's ex-girlfriend, returns with a baby and tries to separate Aman and Roshni. The baby is revealed to be Kabir's, and Aliya is revealed to be an Evil ayaana. Parveen tries to sacrifice the baby to regain her lost powers, but Aman saves the child with Roshni's help. Roshni tries to expose Aliya but fails. Aliya attacks Parveen resulting in Parveen going into a coma. Aman, believing it is Roshni's fault throw her out of the house.

===1 year later===

Roshni opens a bakery while Aman is worried about Parveen's decreased health conditions. Despite their differences, Aman and Roshni again become close. Kabir returns. Aman gets stabbed while saving Roshni and becomes physically and emotionally weak. His genuine feelings for Roshni come out. In that intoxicated form only, they consummate their marriage after a year. Kabir makes Aman and Roshni break the Laal Chand, which annoys the Red Moon Princess, Laila. Laila had a twin sister Chandni who is good. Kabir joins hands with Laila and helps her seek revenge against Aman and Roshni. Chandni helps Aman by giving clues that Roshni is pregnant with twins which Roshni don't know. Chandni saves Aman's family from Laila's evil intentions. Later, Roshni stabs Laila to death. Before dying, Laila curses Roshni that she will die before the next moonrise. Aman races against time and succeeds in saving Roshni but temporarily.

===(Season 2)===

The red moon soldier attacks Roshni, and she loses one of her unborn child and Aman. But the family thinks that the loss is of two babies. However, Roshni fights destiny and brings back Aman. She meets Aman's maternal cousin, Rehan Khan, a jinn, to help her in this war. After a failed attempt, she strikes a deal with Kala Jinn to give her firstborn child instead of Aman's life.
Roshni hides this from Aman and the family till she finds a solution. Soon Roshni find that she is pregnant with twins and one baby is alive and another baby dies in a red moon soldier attack.

Here Rubina's niece Shayari appears. While Rehan, Aman's maternal cousin, finds trouble being targeted by a Jinn Shikari, unaware that it was his girlfriend, Natasha. He suspected Shayari, who was later revealed to be another Jinn Shikari but not a danger for Rehan. Rehan wanted to find his brother and decided to get engaged with Natasha. He accidentally gets engaged with Shayari, who became furious after this but agreed to help them after Aman requested her. To save her child, Roshni decided to surrogate it to a girl with Rubina, But Roshni changes her decision as Kala Jinn threatens her to kill Aman if she breaks her promise. Aman captures Kala Jinn for their child's safety. Roshni helps Aman do the task but later releases Kala Jinn from captivity to keep her promise. Aman finds this out and tricks Roshni to make her reveal the truth. After learning the truth, Aman was heartbroken. Roshni leaves Junaid Manzil to make him feel better, but he brings Roshni back.

Meanwhile, Rehan takes an arrow on his chest to save Shayari, saving her life from the deadly attack. Later on, Shayari's truth is revealed, and a furious Rehan breaks their engagement.

Ayana, the ancient warrior princess, comes to help Roshni save her child. She helps them trick Kala Jinn by giving a fake child while Roshni safely delivers her baby in the Ayanaa Corner. After learning this, Kala Jinn imprisoned Roshni and Armaan (Aman and Roshni's baby) in a cave. Aman was successful in saving Roshni and Armaan, but Kala Jinn found out. Aman agreed to Kala Jinn that they would find his actual name to save Armaan. Kala Jinn told them they could find his name after completing the three tasks.

Rehan and Shayari also decide to help the khans and go on a mission to find Kaala Jinn's name. Kaala Jinn, to defeat the Khans, sends Aman and Roshni's first child (who was killed by the red moon's arrow) as the third challenge. However, the Khans win over the baby's spirit (lovingly called baby rooh) with their unconditional love for it. After receiving the three clues, Aman and Roshni find the name when Rehan and Shayari discovered that whoever takes Kala Jinn's name dies immediately. Kala Jinn comes to the mansion and asks them to tell them his name. Roshni bursts out his name to save her child, shocking everyone, but her first child's spirit held her. Kala Jinn does not accept failure and challenges them to fight him. It is revealed that Armaan, being the son of Jinnad Ke Badshah and Ayaana, will end Kaala Jinn. Roshni, Aman, Rehan, and Shayari go on a quest to end Kala Jinn, and Armaan finally kills the danger that troubled his family for many years. This quest brought Rehan and Shayari closer and reinforced their trust in each other.

Later, after several other incidents, it is revealed that Rubina "Tabeezi", was an Ayaana earlier and wants her Angelic-heart back from Roshni and that Natasha was involved with her. It is also revealed that Roshni is Rubina's elder brother, Mansoor Ahmed Choudhary's daughter, and is the original owner of Junaid Manzil and Rubina's niece.

Roshni was devastated to learn this and promised to give her heart to Rubina but made her promise that she wouldn't hurt her family before The Night of the Golden Sun. But Rubina continued trying to hurt her and her family. Meanwhile, Rehan and Shayari try to help the family by searching for the Ilm-e-Jinn book, which would solve their doubts. To get answers, Rehan has to concentrate on his doubts, but all he can concentrate is on Shayari. This makes Rehan realize that he's madly in love with her. On the other hand, Roshni decides not to give her heart to Rubina and refuses to keep her promise, making Rubina furious.

Roshni again becomes pregnant. On the other hand, Rehan and Shayari are kidnapped and held captive, and Shayari is suffocated. Rehan breaks down on seeing this. Later they manage to remain alive. Rehan is unable to confess his love, but Shayari understands.

On the night of the Golden Sun, Rubina traps the entire Khan family in danger. Rehan and Shayari save them using their powers. Aman and Roshni lose their powers but are protected by Armaan's powers. Finally, with the help of the magical ring given by Roshni's mother's soul to her, they defeat Rubina, and she is taken away by two other Ayaanas from Ayaana Kumbh.

While the Khan family celebrates with joy that now all the problems from their lives are gone, they can live happily. Shayari confesses her feelings for Rehan, and they hug each other. Aman asks Roshni where the angelic heart went. Roshni asks him not to think about it as now problems are over, and they can lead a simple and happy life forever. The Angelic-heart is revealed to be with Aman and Roshni's child, who is inside her womb.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Vikram Singh Chauhan]] as Aman Junaid Khan: Parveen and Junaid's younger son; Kabir, Sara and Saima's brother; Farah's half-brother; Rehan, Farhan and Mahira’s cousin; Roshni's husband; Armaan and Ayan's father (2019–2020)
** Aayan Aman Khan: Aman and Roshni's son; Armaan 's twin brother (2020)
*** Shaurya Shah as Child Aman Khan (2019; 2020)
* [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]] as Roshni Aman Khan: Mansoor's daughter; Salma's adopted daughter; Shayari's sister; Aman's wife; Armaan and Ayan's mother (2019–2020)

===Recurring===
* [[Smita Bansal]] as Parveen Khan: Former Sifrati Jinn; Nasreen's sister; Junaid's first wife; Kabir, Aman, Sara and Saima's mother; Aamir, Armaan and Ayan's grandmother (2019–2020)
* [[Sushant Singh]] as Junaid Khan: Anjum's son; Baby's brother; Parveen and Rubina's husband; Kabir, Aman, Sara, Saima and Farah's father; Aamir, Armaan and Ayan's grandfather (2019–2020)
* [[Garima Vikrant Singh]] as Salma Janesaar: A [[Tawaif]]; Roshni's adoptive mother (2019–2020)
* Jaswinder Gardner as Rubina Khan "Tabeezi" : An ex-Ayaana; Khan family's ex-helper; Junaid's second wife; Farah's mother; Kabir, Aman, Sara and Saima's step-mother (2019–2020)
* [[Arhaan Behll]] as Kabir Khan: Sifriti Jinn; later Zehraal; Parveen and Junaid's elder son; Aman, Sara and Saima's brother; Farah's half-brother; Rehan, Farhan and Mahima's cousin; Aliya's husband; Aamir's father (2019–2020)
* [[Shehzada Dhami]] as Rehan Khan: Nasreen's elder son; Farhan and Mahira's brother; Kabir, Aman, Sara and Saima's cousin; Shayari's love interest (2020)
* [[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]] as Shayari Choudhary: Roshni's sister; Rehan's love interest and secretary (2020)
* Vaibhavi Kapoor as Sara Khan: Parveen and Junaid's elder daughter; Kabir, Aman and Saima's sister; Farah's half-sister; Rehan, Farhan and Mahima's cousin (2019–2020)
* Gouri Agarwal as Saima Khan: Parveen and Junaid's younger daughter; Kabir, Aman and Sara's sister; Farah's half-sister; Rehan, Farhan and Mahima's cousin; Aftab's wife (2019–2020)
* [[Saloni Daini]] as Farah Khan: Rubina and Junaid's daughter; Kabir, Aman, Sara and Saima's half-sister (2019–2020)
* Richa Bhattacharya as Anjum Khan: Junaid and Baby's mother; Kabir, Aman, Sara, Saima, Imran and Farah's grandmother; Aamir, Armaan and Ayan's great-grandmother (2019–2020)
* Seema Azmi as Baby Khan: Anjum's daughter; Junaid's sister; Imran's mother, Kabir, Aman, Sara, Saima and Farah's aunt (2019–2020)
* Ayansh Mishra as Mr. Chotu: Soha's son; Khan family's adopted child (2019–2020)
* Aamir S Khan as Imran: Baby's son, Anjum's grandson, Kabir, Aman, Sara, Saima and Farah's cousin (2020)
* [[Ashita Dhawan]] as Nasreen Khan: Sifrati Jinn; Parveen's sister; Rehan, Farhan and Mahira's mother (2020)
* Prabhat Choudhary as Farhan Khan: Nasreen's younger son; Rehan and Mahira's brother (2020)
* Solanki Sharma as Mahira Khan: Nasreen's daughter; Rehan and Farhan's sister (2020)
* Himani Sahani as Natasha: Jinn Shikari; Rehan's evil girlfriend (2020)
* Sanjana Singh as Ada Rizvi: Aman's former fiancée (2019)
* Massheuddin Qureshi as Mr. Rizvi: Ada's father (2019)
* Unknown as Mrs. Rizvi: Ada's mother (2019)
* Rupesh Kataria as Sameer: Roshni's former fiancé; Huma's husband (2019)
* [[Surbhi Jyoti]] as
** Laila: Chandni's twin sister; Red Moon Princess (2020)
** Chandni: Laila's twin sister; Red Moon Princess (2020)
* [[Rajshri Rani]] as Huma: Sameer's wife (2019)
* [[Sreejita De]] as Aliya Khan: [[Demoness|Haiwana]]; Aman's ex-girlfriend; Kabir's wife; Aamir's mother (2020)
* Krishvi Bhanushali as Aamir Khan: Aliya and Kabir's son (2020)
* Saloni Chauhan as Raakh Jinn: Kabir's helper (2019)
* Zubeida Verma as ChunBun: Spider Jinn (2020)
* Pranav Kumar as Jaadugar Jinn: A magician (2020)
* Shefali Mahida as Aman's sword (2020)
* Shraddha Tiwari as Shola Jinn: A dragon (2020)
* Simran Arora as Jalpari Jinn (2020)
* Subhan Khan as Jhumru: laal Jinn (2020)
* [[Ankita Mayank Sharma]] as Mrs. Choudhary (2020)

==Production==
===Development===
The show was launched at [[Pataudi Palace]], becoming the first television show to be launched at the Pataudi Palace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/videos/yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-show-launched-at-pataudi-palace-1087057|title=Yeh Jaadu Hai Jinn Ka: Show launched at Pataudi Palace|website=Abp Live|date=6 October 2019|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021162719/https://www.abplive.in/videos/yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-show-launched-at-pataudi-palace-1087057|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-becomes-first-ever-television-show-launched-pataudi-palace|title=Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka becomes first-ever television show launched at Pataudi Palace|website=Box Office India|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925130545/https://boxofficeindia.co.in/yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-becomes-first-ever-television-show-launched-pataudi-palace|url-status=dead}}</ref> It initially was titled as ''Raaz Mahal'' but later changed its title to ''Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-raaz-mahal/articleshow/70417697.cms|title=Vikram Singh Chauhan to play the lead in Gul Khan's 'Raaz mahal'|website=Times of India|date=28 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215142637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-raaz-mahal/articleshow/70417697.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It was originally planned to be a weekend show. However, it was later aired through weekdays.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/gul-khans-raaz-mahal-likely-to-go-on-air-in-july-on-star-plus/|title=Gul Khan's Raaz Mahal likely to go on-air in July on Star Plus|website=Eastern Eye|date=21 June 2019|access-date=2019-12-29|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719140043/https://www.easterneye.biz/gul-khans-raaz-mahal-likely-to-go-on-air-in-july-on-star-plus/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Saloni Daini]], who played Farah Khan narrated the first few episodes and was the voiceover artist for the promos of the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saloni-daini-aka-gangu-bai-to-make-her-comeback-on-the-small-screen-turns-narrator-for-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka/articleshow/71505970.cms|title=Saloni Daini aka Gangu Bai to make her comeback on the small screen; turns narrator for Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka'|website=Times Of India|date=9 October 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719215233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saloni-daini-aka-gangu-bai-to-make-her-comeback-on-the-small-screen-turns-narrator-for-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka/articleshow/71505970.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2020, the series received extension till December 2020 but went off air in November 2020 due to low ratings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka gets extension till December|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-gets-extension-till-december-1337226|website=ABP News|date=11 September 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719135126/https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-gets-extension-till-december-1337226|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Casting===
Actress [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]] was selected to play Roshni Ahmed's character.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/telly-talk/aditi-sharma-on-her-small-screen-comeback-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-comparison-with-hema-malini-more/43998|title=Aditi Sharma on her small screen comeback, Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka, comparison with Hema Malini & more|website=Times Now News|access-date=10 December 2019|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014111802/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/telly-talk/aditi-sharma-on-her-small-screen-comeback-yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka-comparison-with-hema-malini-more/43998|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Leenesh Mattoo]] was first approached to play Aman Junaid Khan opposite Sharma, but was replaced by [[Vikram Singh Chauhan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/raaz-mahal-not-ishqbaaaz-actor-leenesh-mattoo-but-vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-lead-in-gul-khans-show-on-star-plus-1042426|title=Raaz Mahal: NOT 'Ishqbaaaz' Actor Leenesh Mattoo But Vikram Singh Chauhan To Play LEAD In Gul Khan's Show?|website=Abp Live|date=28 July 2019|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924111749/https://www.abplive.in/television/raaz-mahal-not-ishqbaaaz-actor-leenesh-mattoo-but-vikram-singh-chauhan-to-play-lead-in-gul-khans-show-on-star-plus-1042426|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2019, [[Arhaan Behll]] joined the cast as Kabir Junaid Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/arhaan-behll-to-be-seen-in-a-new-show-now-1116887/amp|title=Arhaan Behll to be seen in a new show now|website=Abp Live|date=December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-14|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719215242/https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/arhaan-behll-to-be-seen-in-a-new-show-now-1116887/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2020, [[Surbhi Jyoti]] was cast as the Red moon princess Laila/Chandni for few episodes cameo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/first-look-of-surbhi-jyoti-as-the-moon-princess-in-yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-in-pics/articleshow/74534505.cms|title=First look of Surbhi Jyoti as the moon princess in 'Yeh Jaadu Hai Jinn Ka'; in pics|website=Times Of India|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030170710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/first-look-of-surbhi-jyoti-as-the-moon-princess-in-yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-in-pics/articleshow/74534505.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2020, [[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]] and [[Shehzada Dhami]] were cast as Shayari Choudhary and Rehan Ahmed Khan, respectively.

After the shootings of television shows resumed after lockdown in late June 2020, several actors of the show such as - [[Smita Bansal]], [[Arhaan Behll]], [[Saloni Daini]], Aamir Salim Khan and child actor Ayansh Mishra had to exit the show as limited crew and cast members were allowed on shootings as per government guidelines.

===Broadcast===
The production and airing of the show was halted indefinitely in late March 2020 due to the [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] outbreak in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Television Industry in a Slump With the Lockdown|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/television-industry-experiencing-slowdown-with-the-lockdown|website=[[The Quint]]|date=12 May 2020|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612101235/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/television-industry-experiencing-slowdown-with-the-lockdown|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of the outbreak, the filming of television series and films was halted on 19 March 2020 and expected to resume on 1 April 2020 but could not and the series was last broadcast on 27 March 2020 when the remaining episodes were aired.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus outbreak: Film and television shootings to stop till March 31|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/coronavirus-outbreak-film-and-television-shootings-to-stop-till-march-31-1655773-2020-03-15|website=India Today|date=15 March 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609125115/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/coronavirus-outbreak-film-and-television-shootings-to-stop-till-march-31-1655773-2020-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 impact: TV industry braces for loss as production stalled|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-impact-tv-industry-braces-for-loss-as-production-stalled-11584938268645.html|website=Live Mint|date=23 March 2020|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612101236/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-impact-tv-industry-braces-for-loss-as-production-stalled-11584938268645.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Entertainment industry welcomes Maharashtra govt's move to resume filming projects|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/entertainment-industry-welcomes-maharashtra-govts-move-to-resume-filming-projects/1851923|website=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612101237/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/entertainment-industry-welcomes-maharashtra-govts-move-to-resume-filming-projects/1851923|url-status=live}}</ref> The filming of the series resumed after more than three months in early July and the broadcast resumed on 27 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vikram Singh Chauhan is back to work|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/vikram-singh-chauhan-is-back-to-work-109272|website=The Tribune|access-date=18 July 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207155203/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/vikram-singh-chauhan-is-back-to-work-109272|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yeh Jaadu Hai Jinn Ka: Vikram Singh Chauhan and Aditi Sharma are excited for fresh episodes to air|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-vikram-singh-chauhan-aditi-sharma-excited-fresh-episodes-air/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=26 July 2020|access-date=14 August 2020|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815165422/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/yeh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-vikram-singh-chauhan-aditi-sharma-excited-fresh-episodes-air/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Cancellation ===
After the ratings dropped, post the shootings and broadcasting of television shows resumed in India during July 2020 after COVID-19 lockdown, the producer decided to off-air the show in November 2020 cancelling its extension.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka to go off air in November|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yehh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-to-go-off-air-in-november/articleshow/78480415.cms|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101104100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yehh-jaadu-hai-jinn-ka-to-go-off-air-in-november/articleshow/78480415.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka Original Sound Track
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sanjeev Srivastava
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 29 November 2019
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 17:05
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Star India]]
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka 's soundtrack is written by Divy Nidhi Sharma and composed by Sanjeev Srivastava. "Kahani Hamari Fasana Hamara", the show's theme song is sung by Pamela Jain and Bhaven Dhanak.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Artist
| headline = Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka: Tracklisting
| title1 = Kahani Hamari Fasana Hamara
| note1 = Male
| extra1 = Bhaven Dhanak
| length1 = 5:03
| title2 = Kahani Hamari Fasana Hamara
| note2 = Female
| extra2 = Pamela Jain
| length2 = 5:03
| title3 = Kahani Hamari Fasana Hamara
| note3 = Duet
| extra3 = Bhaven Dhanak Pamela Jain
| length3 = 3:24
| title4 = Kahani Hamari Fasana Hamara
| note4 = Sad Version
| extra4 = Bhaven Dhanak Pamela Jain
| length4 = 3:21
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt11180176}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka/s-2361 Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104091722/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/yehh-jadu-hai-jinn-ka/s-2361 |date=4 November 2019 }} on [[Hotstar]]

{{SP Shows}}

[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Television series by 4 Lions Films]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural television series]]
[[Category:Television shows about genies]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

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2026-04-05T10:37:27Z

AuroraMackellar: starting new data

{{Short description|Indian multinational conglomerate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CKA Birla Group
| logo = CKA Birla Group.svg
| image =
| former_name = CK Birla Group
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| founder = Seth Shiv Narayan Birla
| location = Birla Tower, [[Barakhamba Road]], [[New Delhi]], India
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1862}}<ref name=journey>{{cite web|url=http://www.ckbirlagroup.com/our-journey.php |title=Our Journey CK Birla Group |website=Ckbirlagroup.com |accessdate=8 February 2015| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150116122617/http://www.ckbirlagroup.com/our-journey.php| archivedate= 16 January 2015 | url-status= live}}</ref>
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[C. K. Birla]] (Chairman) Amita Birla (Co-chairman)
| products =
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{USD|3 billion|link=yes}}<ref name=RevEmp>{{Cite web |last=Talukdar |first=Prashun |date=2024-07-31 |title=Birlasoft shares fall 5% today after Q1 FY25 results; check key details |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/birlasoft-shares-fall-5-today-after-q1-fy25-results-check-key-details-439591-2024-07-31 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2024
| num_employees = 35,000+<ref name="RevEmp"/>
| subsid = {{hlist|[[Birlasoft]] BirlaNu (formerly HIL Limited) [[Orient Electric]] [[CK Birla Healthcare]] GMMCO Limited Orient Cement [[Orient Paper & Industries]] [[Avtec]] Neosym Industry [[NBC Bearings]]}}
| owner = [[C. K. Birla]], Amita Birla<ref>{{cite web |title=Birla Family Tree: The journey of the Birla legacy from Shiv Narain Birla to Ananya and Vedant Birla |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-birla-family-tree-the-journey-of-the-birla-legacy-from-shiv-narain-to-nirvan-and-vedant-birla-3409662 |website=The Financial Express |language=en |date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.ckabirlagroup.com/|ckabirlagroup.com}}
}}
'''CKA Birla Group''' (previously CK Birla Group)<ref>{{cite web |title=CK Birla Group rebrands as The CKA Birla Group |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ck-birla-group-rebrands-as-the-cka-birla-group/article69540864.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=5 May 2025}}</ref> is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[New Delhi]]. The group has been historically led by industrialists [[Braj Mohan Birla]] and [[Ganga Prasad Birla]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Edgar Thorpe |title=The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011 |date=September 2011 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |isbn=978-81-317-5640-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHaYRoLuKBgC&dq=CK+Birla+Group&pg=SL4-PA50}}</ref> It has a presence in technology, automotive, home and building, healthcare, and education sectors,<ref name="0:1">{{cite web |title=Group Profile |url=http://ckbirlagroup.com/group-profile.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920231345/http://www.ckbirlagroup.com/group-profile.htm |archivedate=20 September 2014 |accessdate=25 April 2018 |publisher=CK Birla Group}}</ref> with entities such as [[Orient Electric]], BirlaNu (formerly HIL Limited), National Engineering Industries (manufacturer of [[NBC Bearings]]), [[Birlasoft]], [[Gmmco Ltd|GMMCO]], and [[Orient Paper Mills|Orient Paper & Industries]].<ref name="0:1"/> The group is currently headed by its chairman, [[C. K. Birla]], and co-chairman Amita Birla, both of whom are members of the [[Birla family]].<ref name=Marwariheritage>{{cite book |author1=D. K. Taknet |author1-link=D. K. Taknet |title=The Marwari Heritage |date=2016 |publisher=IntegralDMS |isbn=9781942322061 |page=409 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXS2DAAAQBAJ&dq=Chandra+Kant+Birla&pg=PA409}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aneja |first1=Tanya |title=Nykaa, Westlife Foodworld, Biocon: Should you invest in stocks of these 7 women-led companies |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/stocks/story/nykaa-westlife-foodworld-biocon-should-you-invest-in-stocks-of-these-7-women-led-companies-372610-2023-03-08 |publisher=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>

In the automotive sector, the group has been associated with manufacturing partnerships including a joint venture with [[Groupe PSA]] (later [[Stellantis]]) related to [[Citroën India|Citroën]]’s operations in India.<ref name="cit1">{{cite news |title=French car maker PSA Group reenters India, sets up JV with CK Birla Group |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/french-car-maker-psa-group-reenters-india-sets-up-jv-with-ck-birla-group/45573/1 |work=Forbes India |publisher=Network18 Media & Investments Ltd. |date=25 January 2017 |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="cit2">{{cite news |title=Groupe PSA to launch Citroën cars in India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/groupe-psa-to-launch-citron-cars-in-india/article26379079.ece |work=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>

In 2023, CKA Birla Group was listed among the [[International Sponsors of War]] by the Ukrainian [[National Agency on Corruption Prevention]] due to its business with [[Russia]] during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name="NV">{{cite news |date=19 May 2023 |editor-last=Shcherbak |editor-first=Alla |title=Ukraine declares India's firm Birla Group international sponsor of war |url=https://english.nv.ua/business/india-s-birla-group-added-to-list-of-sponsors-of-ukraine-war-50325769.html |access-date=3 October 2024 |work=[[The New Voice of Ukraine]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=CK Birla Group - International sponsor of war War and Sanctions |url=https://sanctions.nazk.gov.ua/en/boycott/29/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824215742/https://sanctions.nazk.gov.ua/en/boycott/29/ |archive-date=2023-08-24 |access-date=2024-10-03 }}</ref>

As of 2024, it includes over 35,000 employees, 52 manufacturing facilities, and operations across five continents. In the fiscal year 2023, the company reported a total revenue of approximately US$3 billion.<ref name="RevEmp"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 Aug 2024 |title=Birlasoft slips after Q1 PAT drops 16% QoQ to Rs 150 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market-news/birlasoft-slips-after-q1-pat-drops-16-qoq-to-rs-150-cr-124073100945_1.html |access-date=24 Aug 2024 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

== History ==

CKA Birla Group was founded by Seth Shiv Narayan Birla in 1862. In 1939, the group established [[Orient Paper Mills|Orient Paper]] in [[Brajarajnagar]], [[Odisha]], which went on to become India's largest paper company. In 1946, [[NBC Bearings|National Engineering Industries]] (NEI) was founded, followed by the acquisition of Neosym, previously known as Indian Smelting & Refining Company, in 1947.

In 1948, Braj Mohan Birla started the operations of [[Hindustan Motors]], an automotive company that he founded in [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutt |first1=Ishita Ayan |title=What next for CK Birla after Hindustan Motors? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/what-next-for-ck-birla-after-hindustan-motors-114061101349_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=June 11, 2014}}</ref> Known for producing the [[Hindustan Ambassador|Ambassador car]], widely used as a taxicab and government limousine, Hindustan Motors held the position of India's largest car manufacturer until the rise of [[Maruti Udyog]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Sunny |title=Can Peugeot bring back life to CK Birla Group's Hindustan Motors? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/can-peugeot-bring-back-life-to-ck-birla-group-s-hindustan-motors/story-6GxJmAHW75uLdRnH1iInUN.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=February 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hindustan Motors domestic sales dip 20.8% in Oct |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hindustan-motors-domestic-sales-dip-20-8-in-oct-113110500724_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=November 5, 2013}}</ref>

Under [[Ganga Prasad Birla]]'s leadership, the group ventured into project management by acquiring the three-million-tonne [[Ajaokuta Steel Mill|Ajaokuta steel project]] from the [[Nigerian government]], which was facing operational challenges at the time. It undertook the modernization of integrated steel plants owned by the state-operated [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] in [[Durgapur]] and [[Rourkela]].<ref>{{cite news |title=GP Birla dies at 87 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/gp-birla-dies-at-87-110030700014_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=January 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="rediff.com">{{cite news |title=GP Birla dies at 87 |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/gp-birla-dies/20100308.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=March 8, 2010}}</ref>

Subsequent acquisitions included Orient Fans (1954) and HIL (1956).<ref name=journey/> In the 1990s, the C K Birla Group had a 50:50 joint venture with [[General Motors]], which ended in 1999 when GM acquired 86%, and Holden took 14% of the Indian production facilities.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Louis F. Fourie |title=On a Global Mission: The Automobiles of General Motors International Volume 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XLODQAAQBAJ&dq=CK+Birla+Group&pg=PA1130 |publisher=[[Friesen Press]] |date=2016 |pages=1130|isbn=978-1-4602-9690-5 }}</ref>

It expanded in cement (Orient Cement, 1982)<ref>{{cite news |title=Orient Cement looks at acquisitions |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/orient-cement-looks-acquisitions-2128756 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=May 17, 2015}}</ref> and information technology (Birlasoft, 1995).<ref name=EnablePath/> Institutions like [[Birla Science Museum|Birla Science Centre]] and BM Birla Heart Research Centre were founded in 1985 and 1989, respectively.<ref name="rediff.com"/> AVTEC, an automotive component manufacturer, was formed in 2005.<ref name=Avtec/> The group acquired [[Switzerland]]-based ASSAG in 2013<ref>{{cite news |title=Avtec ties up with Switzerland's Assag |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/avtec-ties-up-with-switzerlands-assag/articleshow/14432388.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=June 27, 2012}}</ref> and EnablePath in 2014 by Birlasoft.<ref name=EnablePath>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Bhawan |title=Birlasoft acquires US-based CRM solutions provider EnablePath |url=https://www.vccircle.com/birlasoft-acquires-us-based-crm-solutions-provider-enablepath |publisher=[[VCCircle]] |date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

In 2017 group entities have been associated with manufacturing joint ventures linked to [[Groupe PSA]] (later [[Stellantis]]) for powertrain production and vehicle manufacturing in India, supporting [[Citroën India|Citroën]]’s operations in the country.<ref name="cit1" /><ref name="cit2" />

In 2018, HIL acquired [[Germany]]-based Parador Holdings GmbH, a manufacturer of flooring products for $96.5 million in July 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mamgain |first1=Pramugdha |title=CK Birla unit acquires Parador |url=https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/ck-birla-parador-ajmera-avendus-idfc-101891/ |publisher=[[DealStreetAsia]] |date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713122604/https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/ck-birla-parador-ajmera-avendus-idfc-101891/ |archive-date=13 July 2018 }}</ref> In 2020, [[NBC Bearings|National Engineering Industries]] (NEI) acquired [[Slovakia]]-based Kinex Bearings through its European subsidiary.<ref name=NEI>{{cite news |title=CK Birla group firm NEI acquires Slovakia-based Kinex Bearings |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/ck-birla-group-firm-nei-acquires-slovakia-based-kinex-bearings/articleshow/73269752.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=January 15, 2020}}</ref> During the same period, HIL divested its thermal insulation business to Imerys SA for US$11.26 million ({{INR}}80 crore).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kapur |first1=Narinder |title=France's Imerys To Buy CK Birla Group Firm's Thermal Insulation Unit |url=https://www.vccircle.com/france-s-imerys-to-buy-ck-birla-group-firm-s-thermal-insulation-unit |publisher=[[VCCircle]] |date=January 17, 2020}}</ref> In 2022, HIL acquired Fast Build Blocks, an Odisha-based building materials company for {{INR}}65 crore.<ref>{{cite news |title=CK Birla group arm HIL buys Fast Build Blocks for Rs 65 cr |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ck-birla-group-arm-hil-buys-fast-build-blocks-for-rs-65-cr/articleshow/93218469.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=July 29, 2022}}</ref>

In 2024, Hyderabad Industries Limited (HIL) was rebranded as BirlaNu Limited as part of a restructuring of the group’s building products business.<ref>{{cite news |title=CK Birla Group firm HIL rebranded BirlaNu to invest ₹1,300 crore for more growth |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/ck-birla-group-firm-hil-rebranded-birlanu-to-invest-1300-crore-for-more-growth/article69408040.ece |work=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=30 January 2024 |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=HIL Limited rebrands as BirlaNu, announces $150 mn global expansion plan |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/hil-limited-rebranding-birlanu-150-mn-global-expansion-plan-125032500455_1.html |work=Business Standard |publisher=Business Standard Ltd. |date=25 March 2025 |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> Through 2024–2026, the group continued operations across its core sectors, including automotive components, software services through Birlasoft, industrial products, building materials, and consumer electricals, while maintaining international manufacturing and distribution operations.

== Companies ==
=== Birlasoft ===
In 1995, the CKA Birla Group started its [[information technology]] company Birlasoft.<ref name=EnablePath/> In 2019, Birlasoft and [[KPIT Technologies]] underwent a merger and demerger. The IT services arm of KPIT Technologies merged with Birlasoft in January 2019. Birlasoft operates in IT services, while KPIT Technologies focuses on automotive engineering.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alawadhi |first1=Neha |title=Birlasoft working on stabilising structure after merger with KPIT |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/birlasoft-working-on-stabilising-structure-after-merger-with-kpit-119082401168_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=August 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendonca |first1=Jochelle |title=KPIT, Birlasoft to merge and split into two publicly-traded companies |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/kpit-birlasoft-to-merge-and-split-into-two-publicly-traded-companies/articleshow/62705366.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>

=== BirlaNu (formerly HIL Limited) ===
HIL Limited (now BirlaNu), formerly Hyderabad Industries Limited, is the owner of brands such as Charminar ([[asbestos]] based cement sheets), Birla Aerocon (AAC Blocks), and Charminar Fortune (Asbestos free roofing sheets).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Vipul |title=This CK Birla Group of stock fixes record date for the purpose of 450% dividend |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/this-ck-birla-group-of-stock-fixes-record-date-for-the-purpose-of-450-dividend-11655475083707.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=June 17, 2022}}</ref> The company operates in the construction materials, machinery, industrial supplies, components, and logistics network domains.<ref name=HIL>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=V. Rishi |title=HIL eyes $1b revenues as it transforms to an integrated green building materials company |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hil-eyes-1b-revenues-as-it-transforms-to-an-integrated-green-building-materials-company/article35817094.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |date=August 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=HIL pins hope on Parador acquisition, domestic expansions to increase revenue |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/midcap-mania-hil-pins-hope-on-parador-acquisition-domestic-expansions-to-increase-revenue-2714511.htm |publisher=[[CNBC TV18]] |date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> HIL Limited operates in India and [[Germany]]. BirlaNu (HIL Limited) has been at the centre of many controversies<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-12 |title=In Jharkhand’s Asbestos Clean-up, Victim Compensation Remains Elusive {{!}} NewsClick |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Jharkhand-Asbestos-Clean-up-Victim-Compensation-Remains-Elusive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128225820/https://www.newsclick.in/Jharkhand-Asbestos-Clean-up-Victim-Compensation-Remains-Elusive |archive-date=28 November 2023 |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=NewsClick |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Daigle |first=byKaty |title=Abandoned asbestos mines still a hazard in India |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-abandoned-asbestos-hazard-india.html |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Alok |date=2014-03-13 |title=Hill of death |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/environment/hill-of-death-43739 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Forgotten asbestos mine sickens Indian villagers |url=https://www.onlineathens.com/story/news/nation-world/2014/12/22/forgotten-asbestos-mine-sickens-indian-villagers/15507303007/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=Online Athens |language=en-US}}</ref> over the years related to its use of asbestos in its key offering - Charminar. Despite the known ill effects and carcinogenic properties of asbestos, Asbestos sheets are still the largest offering of the organisation.

=== Orient Electric ===
{{main|Orient Electric}}
Orient Electric, previously known as Calcutta Electrical Manufacturing Company, was acquired by Orient Paper in 1954.<ref name=journey/> The company operates in two segments, [[Consumer Durables|Electrical Consumer Durables]] (ECD) and Lighting and [[Switchgear]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Orient Electric expects good growth from fans, coolers as summer approaches |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orient-electric-expects-good-growth-from-fans-coolers-as-summer-approaches-123022800827_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=March 1, 2023}}</ref> It is one of the largest manufacturers of fans in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Orient Electricals is Orient Electric now; name change aimed at new business consolidation plan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/durables/orient-electricals-is-orient-electric-now-name-change-aimed-at-new-business-consolidation-plan/articleshow/33829776.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kiran Bagade |first1=Hrithik |title=Orient fans eyes 25% market share in South India |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/orient-fans-eyes-25-market-share-south-india-667883.html |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> The company operates manufacturing facilities in [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]], [[Noida]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Kolkata]], and has a presence in the North and Western markets in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Babu |first1=Gireesh |title=Orient Electric plans to set up manufacturing facility in South |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orient-electric-plans-to-set-up-manufacturing-facility-in-south-116101701007_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=October 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rakshit |first1=Avishek |title=Orient Electric plans exports to US, Europe and other destinations |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orient-electric-plans-exports-to-us-europe-and-other-destinations-118082300029_1.html |date=August 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823031633/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orient-electric-plans-exports-to-us-europe-and-other-destinations-118082300029_1.html |archive-date=23 August 2018 |access-date=11 January 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== CK Birla Healthcare ===
The company operates two CK Birla Hospital locations in [[Delhi NCR]], one in [[Punjabi Bagh]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Panda |first1=Sushmita |title=Delhi's CK Birla Hospital introduces fully active robot for minimally invasive knee replacement surgery |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/healthcare/medicaldevices/delhis-ck-birla-hospital-introduces-fully-active-robot-for-minimally-invasive-knee-replacement-surgery/2976798/ |publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=February 9, 2023}}</ref> and the other in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]].<ref>{{cite news |title=सी के बिड़ला हास्पिटल फार वुमेन की 1,000 करोड़ रुपये के निवेश से 14 नये अस्पताल खोलने की योजना |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/ck-birla-hospital-for-women-plans-to-open-14-new-hospitals-with-an-investment-of-rs-1000-crore-/articleshow/70628284.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=August 11, 2019 |language=Hindi}}</ref> The company operates fertility clinics under the name Birla Fertility & IVF, specializing in [[In vitro fertilisation|in-vitro fertilization]] (IVF), [[egg freezing]], and [[fertility testing]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Sohini |title=CK Birla Group eyes over 100 fertility clinics in three to four years |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ck-birla-group-eyes-over-100-fertility-clinics-in-in-three-four-years-122102701402_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=October 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230813171810/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ck-birla-group-eyes-over-100-fertility-clinics-in-in-three-four-years-122102701402_1.html#selection-899.27-899.38 |archive-date=August 13, 2023}}</ref>

=== GMMCO Limited ===
GMMCO was established in 1967 through the acquisition of Blackwood Hodge Equipment, the then distributor of [[Terex]] products, by the CKA Birla Group. It is primarily engaged in the sale and overall support of construction machines, mining equipment, and engine power systems for industrial, governmental, marine, coal mining and oil and gas applications.<ref name="0:3"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Gmmco Sells and Supports Cat 320D "One Machine. Endless Possibilities" |url=https://www.nbmcw.com/equipment-machinery/construction-equipments/earthmoving-equipment/gmmco-sells-and-supports-cat-320d-qone-machine-endless-possibilitiesq.html |publisher=NBM&CW.com |date=July 2013}}</ref> In 1986, it became the Indian dealer for the American heavy-duty machinery manufacturer [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar Inc]].<ref name="0:3">{{cite news |title=Partners in Success |url=https://www.constructionworld.in/energy-infrastructure/oil-and-gas/Partners-in-Success/2790 |publisher=Construction World |date=April 1, 201}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Chennai]] and has offices, workshops and repair facilities in 14 Indian states. In January 2014, it acquired [[Bucyrus-Erie|Bucyrus India]], a division of Caterpillar Inc., for an undisclosed sum. GMMCO has also partnered with companies such as [[Perkins Engines|Perkins]], [[JLG Industries|JLG]] and [[Schneider Electric]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Powering India’s Growth with Cat Equipments - About Gmmco |url=https://www.gmmco.in/about |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=www.gmmco.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Anuradha |title=CK Birla Group firm acquires a part of Caterpillar's mining product distribution business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/ck-birla-group-firm-acquires-part-caterpillars-mining-product |publisher=[[VCCircle]] |date=January 7, 2014}}</ref> It has also partnered with German company Hauhinco to form Gmmco Technology Services (GTS) in 2022, which focusses on mining planning and engineering solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gmmco {{!}} CKA Birla Group |url=https://www.ckabirlagroup.com/gmmco.php |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=www.ckabirlagroup.com}}</ref>

=== National Engineering Industries ===
National Engineering Industries (NEI) was founded in 1946<ref>{{cite news |title=NBC breakthrough in fuel efficient bearings |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302024628/https://www.motownindia.com/News/National_News/719/News |publisher=Motown India |date=December 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.motownindia.com/News/National_News/719/News |archive-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> and is engaged in the manufacturing of [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearings]] for the automotive, railway, industrial, and aerospace industries.<ref name=NEI/> It sells bearings under the brand name [[NBC Bearings]] and exports them to over 20 countries, including the [[United States]], [[Germany]], [[Brazil]], [[Japan]], and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=kapur |first1=Narinder |title=CK Birla Group firm National Engineering strikes twin acquisitions |url=https://www.vccircle.com/ck-birla-group-firm-national-engineering-strikes-twin-acquisitions |publisher=[[VCCircle]] |date=January 16, 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, NEI completed the acquisition of Kinex Bearings, a Slovakia-based company.<ref name=NEI/>

The company has a rubber division called NEI Rubber, which operates under the National Engineering Industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Corporate Briefs 11-05-2005 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/corporate-briefs-11-05-2005/cid/960267 |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=November 5, 2005}}</ref>

=== Orient Paper & Industries ===
{{main|Orient Paper Mills}}
Orient Paper & Industries is a manufacturer of writing, printing, industrial, and specialty papers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Vipul |title=Birla group stock Orient Paper hit fresh 52-week-high after Q4 revenue up 35% |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/birla-group-stock-orient-paper-hit-fresh-52-week-high-after-q4-revenue-up-35-11684409271750.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=May 18, 2023}}</ref> The company was incorporated in 1939. It started as a paper maker and later expanded into cement and fans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jauharri |first1=Ujjval |title=Triple play will fan Orient's growth |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-triple-play-will-fan-orient-s-growth-1218798 |publisher=[[DNA India]] |date=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Orient to expand paper capacity, sell cement biz |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-empires-the-birlas/gp-ck-birla-group/orient-paper-industries-ltd/orient-to-expand-paper-capacity-sell-cement-biz/articleshow/908151.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=December 9, 2003}}</ref> In 2011, Orient Paper spun off its cement business, resulting in the establishment of Orient Cement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Narayanan |first1=R Y |title=Orient Paper to demerge cement biz |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/Orient-Paper-to-demerge-cement-biz/article20310834.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |date=July 27, 2011}}</ref> Subsequently, in 2016, the company demerged its electrical appliances division, resulting in the establishment of Orient Electric.<ref>{{cite news |title=Orient Paper to demerge electrical appliances division |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/AAo3sENcpRxuSxLjUmhziN/Orient-Paper-to-demerge-electrical-appliances-division.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=September 22, 2016}}</ref>

=== Avtec ===
Founded in 2005,<ref name=Avtec>{{cite news |title=HM hives off auto parts biz into JV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/hm-hives-off-auto-parts-biz-into-jv/articleshow/1026436.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=February 20, 2005}}</ref> Avtec is a manufacturer of powertrain and precision-engineered products, supplying high-precision components to automotive, off-highway, agriculture, and railway industries. Its manufacturing units are situated in [[Hosur]], [[Chennai]], and [[Pithampur]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh Dhanjal |first1=Swaraj |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Reghu |title=Warburg set to exit Avtec, sell 30% stake to CK Birla Group |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/WVLtOmMAaY09o07VbvBt5I/Warburg-set-to-exit-Avtec-sell-30-stake-to-CK-Birla-Group.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=April 19, 2018}}</ref>

=== Neosym Industry ===
Neosym Industry Limited is a metal manufacturing company established in 1932 as The Indian Smelting and Refining Company Limited. It was acquired by the CKA Birla Group in 1947.<ref name=journey/> It produces grey and SG iron castings for automotive, agriculture, earthmoving, and engineering industries. Its manufacturing unit, located in [[Pune]], India, has a production capacity of 70,800 metric tons per annum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neosym Industry Limited |url=https://www.careratings.com/upload/CompanyFiles/PR/Neosym%20Industry%20Limited-04-05-2018.pdf |publisher=Careratings |date=April 5, 2018}}</ref>

===Former companies===
=== Orient Cement ===
Orient Cement had manufacturing facilities in [[Devapur, Kasipet|Devapur]] ([[Telangana]]), [[Yadgir]] ([[Karnataka]]), and [[Nashirabad]] ([[Maharashtra]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=CK Birla Group to expand ops in Telangana |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ck-birla-group-to-expand-ops-in-telangana-114071900582_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=July 20, 2014}}</ref> With a total cement production capacity of 3.4 million tpa, the company marketed its products under the brands Orient, Majbooti, and Birla Excel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orient Cement |url=https://cement.industry-report.net/orient-cement/ |publisher=Industry Report |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref> Founded in 1979, Orient Cement was originally part of Orient Paper & Industries. It commenced cement production in 1982 at Devapur in the [[Adilabad district]] of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fatima |first1=Masrath |title=Telangana: Foundation laid for expansion of Orient cement company in Mancherial |url=https://www.siasat.com/telangana-foundation-laid-for-expansion-of-orient-cement-company-in-mancherial-2584657/ |publisher=[[Siasat]] |date=8 May 2023}}</ref> In 2024, the CKA Birla Group sold Orient Cement to [[Ambuja Cements]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETRealty.com |title=CCI approves Ambuja Cements' acquisition of Orient Cement - ET RealEstate |url=https://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/cement/cci-approves-ambuja-cements-acquisition-of-orient-cement/119162731 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=ETRealty.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
The CKA Birla Group engaged in philanthropic activities in science, technology, art, culture, and heritage preservation, and development of rural and underprivileged communities in India.<ref name=Marwariheritage/>

The company runs various hospital trusts, including the B.M. Birla Heart Research Centre (Specialty hospital) and the Calcutta Medical Research Institute in Kolkata (Multispeciality hospital),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ukil |first1=Amit |title=Speciality clinics for trade hub |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/speciality-clinics-for-trade-hub/cid/837112 |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=December 18, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Sampurna |title=Hospital chain on expansion spree |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hospital-chain-on-expansion-spree/articleshow/72628542.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=December 15, 2019}}</ref> Rukmani Birla Hospital in Jaipur,<ref>{{cite news |title=CK Birla group up Rs 270 crore investment in healthcare |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/ck-birla-group-up-rs-270-crore-investment-in-healthcare/articleshow/37005703.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=June 22, 2014}}</ref> and education institutes like [[BIT Mesra]] in Ranchi, Rukmani Birla Modern High School in Jaipur, and Modern High School for Girls and Modern High School International in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |title=The CK Birla Group |url=https://www.bitmesra.ac.in/Show_Content_Section?cid=1&pid=137 |publisher=[[BIT Mesra]] |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="rediff.com"/><ref name="0:2">{{cite web |title=CK Birla Group Trusts |url=https://www.ckbirlagroup.com/modernschool.php}}</ref>

It has set up institutions like the G P Birla Archaeological Astronomical and Scientific Research Institute (GPBAASRI), [[Birla Science Museum|BM Birla Science Centre]], [[B. M. Birla Science Museum]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Birla Institute of Scientific Research]] and BM Birla Planetarium in Jaipur. Ganga Prasad Birla constructed temples in [[Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Amlai]], and [[Bhopal]], and contributed to the restoration of historically and religiously significant sites. The Birla temples in [[Brajarajnagar]], [[Odisha]] were founded by [[Braj Mohan Birla]].<ref name=Marwariheritage/><ref name="rediff.com"/><ref>{{cite book |author1=Marta Kudelska |author2=Dorota Kamińska-Jones |author3=Agnieszka Staszczyk |title=The Temple Road Towards a Great India Birla Mandirs as a Strategy for Reconstructing Nation and Tradition |date=30 November 2019 |publisher=Jagiellonian University Press |isbn=9788323399865 |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bQwEAAAQBAJ&dq=CK+Birla+Group+temples&pg=PA72}}</ref>

In April 2020, CK Birla Group and its promoters jointly committed ₹35 crores to support the [[Government of India]]'s [[COVID-19]] efforts, directing ₹25 crores to the [[PM CARES Fund]] and allocating the remaining funds for state government initiatives in equipment procurement.<ref>{{cite news |title=CK Birla Group commits Rs 35 crore to PM-CARES Fund |url=https://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/allied-industries/ck-birla-group-commits-rs-35-crore-to-pm-cares-fund/74985920 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=April 4, 2020}}</ref>

== Awards ==
In 2006, the Government of India conferred the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian honor, upon [[Ganga Prasad Birla]], the company's former chairman, in recognition of his contributions to social work.<ref name="rediff.com"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Simple man with a sharp mind |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/simple-man-with-a-sharp-mind/cid/535919 |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=July 3, 2010}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

* In 2023, [[NBC Bearings]], a CKA Birla Group' company filled the gap in Russia's bearing imports after Western manufacturers ceased sales following Russia's full-scale [[invasion of Ukraine]]. This halted operations at key tank factories like [[Uralvagonzavod]] and [[Omsktransmash]]. To overcome the shortfall, the company stepped in and accounted for 38.4% of Russia's imports, totaling $12.3 million from April 2022 to March 2023. The Ukrainian government's [[National Agency on Corruption Prevention]] included the company on its "War & Sanctions" portal as [[International Sponsors of War]], specifically naming key management figures: Rohit Saboo, Sanjiv Taparia, Gaurav Chaturvedi, Shailesh Patni and Rajan Jain.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Padmanabhan |first1=Keshav |date=May 22, 2023 |title='War sponsors': Indian entity among 26 blacklisted by Ukraine for 'abetting Russian aggression' |url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/war-sponsors-indian-entity-among-26-blacklisted-by-ukraine-for-abetting-russian-aggression/1588486/ |publisher=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Companies|India}}

[[Category:CK Birla Group| ]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1857]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1857]]

Abhijit Roy (politician)

2026-04-03T14:14:54Z

AuroraMackellar: creating new page

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}

'''Abhijit Roy''' (born 1969)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Abhijit Roy(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- MAYURESWAR(BIRBHUM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=589 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a two time member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. He won the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Mayureswar Assembly constituency]] in Birbhum district representing the All India Trinamool Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/abhijit-roy-mayureswar-candidate-s25a290c001/|title=Abhijit Roy | West Bengal Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|website=News18}}</ref> He retained the seat in 2021.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mayureswar Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Abhijit Roy Of TMC Wins. |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/mayureswar-election-result-2021-live-updates-mayureswar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697013.html |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Roy is from Mayureswar, [[Birbhum district]], West Bengal. He is the son of Lakshmikanta Roy. He completed his BCom in 1988 at [[Rampurhat College]] which is affiliated with [[Burdwan University]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Roy won from Mayureswar Assembly constituency representing the [[Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress]] in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 89,210 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Arup Bag of the Communist Party of India, by a margin of 38,770 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayureswar Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/mayureswar-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Mayureswar Election Result 2021 LIVE: How to check Mayureswar assembly (Vidhan Sabha) election winners, losers, vote margin, news updates - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/mayureswar-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-mayureswar-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9131851.htm |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He retained the seat for the Trinamool Congress winning the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Mayureswar Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Mayureswar Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-mayureswar-constituency-290.html |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Abhijit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Nirmala Ramachandran

2026-03-15T03:01:06Z

AuroraMackellar: adding a article

{{Short description|Indian dancer (1936–2011)}}
{{Given name hatnote|Nirmala|Ramachandran|lang=Tamil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nirmala Ramachandran
| birth_name = Nirmala Viswanathan
| alias =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|02|09}}
| birth_place = [[Mylapore]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2011|02|23|1936|02|09}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| father = Viswanathan
| mother = Sivakamu
| spouse = S. Ramachandran
| children = 2
| occupation = [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer, dance teacher
| known for =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2004)
}}
'''Nirmala Ramachandran''' is a [[Bharathanatyam]] dancer from [[Mylapore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. In 2004, she received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Government of India, for her contributions in the field of Bharatanatyam.

==Biography==
Nirmala Viswanathan was born on 9 February 1936, at [[Mylapore]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Epitome of grace |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/Epitome-of-grace/article14943238.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 March 2011 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Mylapore">{{cite news | title=MYLAPORE TIMES - Obit: Nirmala Ramachandran |url=https://www.mylaporetimes.com/2011/02/obit-nirmala-ramachandran/ |work=MYLAPORE TIMES |date=25 February 2011}}</ref> Nirmala's father Vishwanathan, a businessman, was descended from [[Needamangalam]] in [[Thanjavur district]].<ref name="Mylapore"/> Her mother, Sivakamu, was a lover of music and dance. Sivakamu's connection with dancer [[Mylapore Gowri Ammal]], who was a regular visitor to their home in Mylapore and later Egmore, brought her closer to Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam.<ref name="Mylapore"/> Nirmala came to be known as Nirmala Ramachandran after she married Ramachandran, an [[Air India]] officer posted abroad.<ref name="Hindu"/>

Nirmala did her initial Bharatanatyam training under [[Mylapore Gowri Ammal]] and Pandanallur Chokkalingam Pillai.<ref name="Mylapore"/> She had her arangettam (first public stage performance) in 1947, when she was 11 years.<ref name="Hindu"/> She continued her studies and trained under T. Jayamma and T. Murthamma of the Dhanammal school from 1955 to 1963.<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Nirmala_Ramachandran.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520190051/https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Nirmala_Ramachandran.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-20 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nirmala, who was also interested in [[Carnatic music]], did her [[Bachelor of Arts]] in Carnatic music from the [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai|Queen Mary's College]] in Chennai under [[University of Madras]], in 1956, and did her advanced training under [[K. V. Narayanaswamy]] and [[T. Muktha]].<ref name="Hindu"/><ref name="Mylapore"/>

===Personal life and death===
In 1958 she married S. Ramachandran, an Air India officer.<ref name="Mylapore"/> The couple have two sons, Dr. Ram Gopalakrishnan and Siddhartha Ramachandran.<ref name="Mylapore"/> She died on 23 February 2011, at [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Mylapore"/>

==Career==
Nirmala got the opportunity to participate in a dance program by the famous dancer [[Balasaraswati]], but neither Sarangapani Iyengar nor her guru Chokkalingam Pillai were in favor of it.<ref name="Mylapore"/> This later led to a rift with Chokkalingam Pillai and his Panthanallur dance style. It was [[E. Krishna Iyer]] who facilitated his return to the Panthanallur dance style by providing him with the opportunity to study dance under Thiruvalaputhur Swaminath Pillai.<ref name="Mylapore"/> She performed a full length concert once at the [[Madras Music Academy]] on 28 December 1954.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2011-03-17 |title=Kamala, the queen |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Kamala-the-queen/article14950869.ece |access-date=2025-07-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Nirmala, who had to live in various countries with her husband Ramachandran, continued her artistic career and spread the art of Bharatanatyam in those countries as well through her performances, lectures, and classes.<ref name="Hindu"/> She had performed in various venues worldwide including the India festival in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1987-88.<ref name="Hindu"/>

Nirmala Ramachandran, who is also a Bharatanatyam teacher, has trained many dancers at her institution, Nirmala Niketan.<ref name="SNA" />

==Awards and honors==
In 2001 Nirmala received Certificate of Merit award from the [[Madras Music Academy]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2004, she received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Bharatanatyam.<ref name="SNA" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirmala, Ramachandran}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]

Aamish

2026-03-11T12:34:52Z

AuroraMackellar: creating entry

{{Short description|Indian DJ and producer (born 1991)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aamish
| image =
| other_names = DJ Aamish
| birth_name = Varun Khullar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|2|9}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| occupation = DJ, music producer
| years_active = 2014–present
| awards = Limca Book of records – India's First DJ with Disability
| website = https://www.djaamish.com/
}}

'''Aamish''' is an [[Disc jockey|Indian DJ]] and [[Music Producer|music producer]] who is also known as '''Varun Khullar''' (born 9 February 1991). He is the first and only [[differently-abled|disabled]] DJ from India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-07|title=Meet DJ Aamish: Beating the odds from behind the console|url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-in/features/dj-aamish-varun-khullar-microsoft-surface-book-2/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Microsoft Stories India|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Aamish was born in [[Delhi]] on 9 February 1991, to engineer couple Amit Khullar and Shashi Khullar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Varun Khullar: The DJ Who Works His Wheels Well|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/varun-khullar-the-dj-who-works-his-wheels-well/315735|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> He completed his schooling from ITL Public School Dwarka, [[New Delhi]] and graduated from [[Delhi University]], Delhi in [[Bachelor of Arts]] (Foreign Trade and International Practices). {{citation needed|date = October 2025}} Varun met with an accident and was paralysed while he was pursuing his master's degree in mass communication from [[Amity University, Noida]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-21|title=Spinning on wheels: Varun Khullar, India's first differently abled DJ, was rescued by music|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/spinning-on-wheels-varun-khullar-india-s-first-disabled-dj-was-rescued-by-music/story-6j2sIwacwB9UbWFi8AscXI.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Musical career ==
Varun Khullar, a.k.a Aamish, began his [[Musical composition|musical]] career in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Conversation With Varun Khullar, India's First Differently-Abled DJ Who Overcame All Odds to Pursue His Dream|url=https://www.inclusiveindia.in/article/meet-varun-khullar-a-k-a-dj-aamish-underground-india-s-first-differently-abled-dj/294_12598076|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.inclusiveindia.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-16|title=The story of India's First Differently-Abled DJ, Varun Khullar will leave you speechless|url=https://www.mensxp.com/culture/people/40214-india-s-first-differently-abled-dj-varun-khullar-is-creating-history-with-his-determination.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.mensxp.com|language=en-IN}}</ref> In 2014, Varun had an accident but he didn't let his dream die. He learned music from books and did that for two years. He joined ILM Academy in [[Gurgaon]] in 2016. In 2017, he joined Kitty Su, Delhi as a DJ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kitty|url=https://www.kittysu.com/resident-dj-details/9|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.kittysu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=24 Hours In Life Of Varun Khullar: Rocking It At Kitty Su, Music Keeps Him Going {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/india-news-24-hours-in-life-of-varun-khullar-rocking-it-at-kitty-su-music-keeps-him-going/302403|access-date=2021-08-05|website=magazine.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> He has performed at TimeOut 72 event in [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhanawat|first=Akshay|date=2017-10-10|title=India's First Differently-Abled DJ To Perform At TimeOut 72 music festival|url=https://themusicessentials.com/news/indias-first-differently-abled-dj-perform-first-music-festival-time-72/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=T.H.E – Music Essentials|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Discography ==

=== Singles ===
* Interstellar
* Interstellar – Aleksandr Kashnikov Remix
* [[Buddhabrot|Bhuddhabrot]]
* Dimensions of Space
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aamish|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/40gYsDG6nfXqHVn5xd1nzI|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Spotify|language=en}}</ref>

== Achievements ==
In 2017 – Epic Wards

In 2018 – Bharat Prerna Awards<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|title=Varun Khullar|url=https://www.amplemissiion.com/varun-khullar/|access-date=2021-08-06|website=Ample Missiion|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018 – [[TED (conference)|tedxahlconintlschool]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Believe in Yourself {{!}} Varun Khullar {{!}} TEDxAhlconIntlSchool|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzOVWaHaQs8|language=en|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref>

in 2019 – Limca Book of Records{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.djaamish.com Official Website]
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Yashwantrao Chavan

2026-03-06T03:56:04Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{short description|Indian politician (1913-1984)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yashwantrao Chavan
| image = Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Chavan on a 2010 [[postage stamp]] of India
| order = 5th
| office = Deputy Prime Minister of India
| primeminister = [[Charan Singh|Chaudhary Charan Singh]]
| term_start = 28 July 1979
| term_end = 14 January 1980
| predecessor = Chaudhary Charan Singh [[Jagjivan Ram]]
| successor = [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister2 = Chaudhary Charan Singh
| term_start2 = 28 July 1979
| term_end2 = 14 January 1980
| predecessor2 = [[Hirubhai M. Patel]]
| successor2 = [[Zail Singh]]
| primeminister3 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start3 = 14 November 1966
| term_end3 = 27 June 1970
| predecessor3 = [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
| successor3 = Indira Gandhi
| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]]
| primeminister4 = Indira Gandhi
| term_start4 = 10 October 1974
| term_end4 = 24 March 1977
| predecessor4 = [[Sardar Swaran Singh]]
| successor4 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| office5 = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]
| primeminister5 = Indira Gandhi
| term_start5 = 27 June 1970
| term_end5 = 10 October 1974
| predecessor5 = Indira Gandhi
| successor5 = [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]
| office6 = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Union Minister of Defence]]
| primeminister6 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] Gulzarilal Nanda (Interim) [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] Gulzarilal Nanda (Interim) Indira Gandhi
| term_start6 = 14 November 1962
| term_end6 = 13 November 1966
| predecessor6 = Jawaharlal Nehru
| successor6 = Sardar Swaran Singh
| office7 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|1st Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| term_start7 = 1 May 1960
| term_end7 = 14 November 1962
| predecessor7 = ''Office established'' (Himself for Bombay State)
| successor7 = [[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
| office8 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|3rd Chief Minister of Bombay State]]
| term_start8 = 1 November 1956
| term_end8 = 30 April 1960
| predecessor8 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| successor8 = ''Office abolished'' {{bulletlist|[[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]] (Gujarat)|''Himself'' (Maharashtra)}}
| birth_name = Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|03|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sangli district|Deorashtre]], [[Sangli State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1984|11|25|1913|03|12}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 1977; 1981–1984)
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress (Urs)|Indian National Congress (Urs)]] (1977) [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|Indian National Congress (Socialist)]] (1978–1981)
| spouse = {{marriage|Venutai Chavan|1942|}}
| alma_mater = ILS Law College, [[University of Mumbai]]
| resting_place = Yashwantrao Chavan Samadhi, [[Karad]]
| website = www.yashwantraochavan.in
}}
[[File:Y B Chavan.jpg|200px|thumb|Chavan with his family.]]
'''Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan''' ({{IPA|mr|jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ}}; 12 March 1913 {{endash}} 25 November 1984) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as 5th [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] in the short-lived [[Charan Singh ministry]] in 1979. He served as the last [[Chief Minister]] of [[Bombay State]] and the first of [[Maharashtra]] after the latter was created by the division of Bombay State. His also held significant ministerial post was as the 8th [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] from 1970 to 1971 and from 1971 to 1974.

He was a strong Congress leader, co-operative leader, social activist and writer. He was popularly known as ''Leader of Common People''. He advocated social democracy in his speeches and articles and was instrumental in establishing co-operatives in Maharashtra for the betterment of the farmers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-24 |title=YB Chavan was Centre's troubleshooter: Pranab |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/yb-chavan-was-centre-s-troubleshooter-pranab/story-cZTWEkmYHsaGWUZrUpDxjN.html |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Early life==
Yashwantrao Chavan was born in a [[Kshatriya]]-[[Maratha]]<ref name="PradhanGodbole1999">{{cite book|author1=R. D. Pradhan|author2=Madhav Godbole|title=Debacle to Revival: Y.B. Chavan as Defence Minister, 1962-65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vDvpB_sqB0C&pg=PR9|year=1999|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1477-5|page=95}}</ref><ref>Jadhav, V., 2006. Elite politics and Maharashtra's Employment Guarantee Scheme. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.5157-5162.</ref> family on 12 March 1913 in the village of Devrashtre in [[Satara District]] (now in [[Sangli]] District) of [[Maharashtra]], India. He had three siblings. Chavan lost his father in his early childhood and was brought up by his uncle and mother. His mother taught him about self-dependency and patriotism. From childhood, he was fascinated by the freedom struggle of India.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

Chavan was an active participant in the struggle for independence of India. As a schoolboy in [[Karad]] in 1930, he was fined for his participation in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation Movement]] led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. In 1932, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison for hoisting the Indian flag in Satara. During this period, he came in contact with Swami Ramanand Bharti, [[Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale]], Gaurihar (Appasaheb) Sihasane, V. S. Page and Govind Kruparam Wani. Their friendship lasted forever.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020|reason=Your explanation here}}

After completing his high school education from Tilak High school Karad in 1934, he joined the [[Rajaram College]], [[Kolhapur]]. In 1938, after obtaining his B.A. degree in history and [[political science]] (awarded by [[Bombay University]]) he joined [[ILS Law College|Law College]] of [[Pune]]. After obtaining his law degree ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] awarded by Bombay University) in 1941, he started practice as a criminal lawyer at Karad. In 1942, he married Venutai at [[Phaltan]] in Satara district, in a match arranged by their families.

During his college years, Chavan was involved in many social activities and was closely associated with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] and its leaders, such as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Sardar Patel]] and [[Keshavrao Jedhe]]. In 1940, he became President of Satara District Congress.
Chavan was one of the delegates at the Bombay session of the [[All India Congress Committee|A.I.C.C.]] in 1942 that gave the call for [[Quit India]]. He went "underground" before being arrested for his participation in the movement.<ref name="DossalMaloni1999">{{cite book|author1=Mariam Dossal|author2=Ruby Maloni|title=State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7f0JEWk6HMC&pg=PA11|year=1999|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-855-2|page=88}}</ref> He spent around two years in jail, and was released only in 1944.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatalkar |first1=VG |last2=Ray |first2=NR |title=Dictionary of National Biography: Supplement (Vol. 1). |date=1986 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.100392/2015.100392.Dictionary-Of-National-Biography-Supplement-Vol-1a-d1986_djvu.txt |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Offices held in the State Government of Bombay===
In 1946, Yashwantrao was first elected as Member of Legislative Assembly of the [[Bombay State]] from the [[Sangli district|South Satara]] constituency. In the same year he was appointed parliamentary secretary to the Home Minister of Bombay State. In the next government of [[Morarji Desai]] he was appointed Minister of Civil Supplies, Social Welfare and Forests. In 1953 he was a signatory to the [[Nagpur Pact]] that assured equitable development of all regions of what is now the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The 1950s witnessed the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] (United Maharashtra Movement) leading struggle for United Maharashtra with Bombay (now Mumbai) as its capital. Chavan never joined the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] (United Maharashtra Movement) and in fact called Prime Minister Nehru, who opposed formation of language based state reorganization, as "Greater than Maharashtra".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Purandare|first1=Vaibhav|title=Bal Thackeray & the rise of the Shiv Sena|date=2012|publisher=Roli Books|isbn=9788174369581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JS1hBAAAQBAJ&q=maratha&pg=PT22|access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>

In the 1957 Assembly elections Yashwantrao Chavan was elected from the [[Karad]] constituency. This time he was elected as Leader of Congress Legislative Party, and became Chief Minister of the bilingual [[Bombay state]]. The election saw the Congress party losing badly in the Marathi speaking areas to the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti. However, he was able to persuade Nehru to agree to form Maharashtra and therefore he is regarded as the chief architect in the formation of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking state of Maharashtra.

On 1 May 1960, Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127120245/http://www.legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=2012-01-27|title=MAHARASHTRA LEGISLATURE, MUMBAI|access-date=2023-09-03}}</ref> From 1957 to 1960 he also served on the All India Congress Working Committee.

Chavan's vision for Maharashtra for the development envisaged the equal development of both the industrial and agricultural sectors across all the regions of the state. He sought to realize this vision through the [[Cooperative movement in India|co-operative movement]]. Legislation regarding democratic decentralized bodies and the Agricultural Land Ceiling Act were passed during his tenure as Chief Minister.{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=March 2017}}

===Roles in Central Government===

After the resignation of [[Krishna Menon]] as Defense Minister in 1962 in the wake of India-China Border Conflict, Yashwantrao was given that portfolio by Prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>Pradhan, R. D. (1999). Debacle to Revival: YB Chavan as Defence Minister, 1962-65. Orient Blackswan, 11.</ref> He handled the delicate post-war situation firmly and took several decisions to empower the armed forces and negotiated, along with Pandit Nehru, with China to end the hostilities. He also held the Defense portfolio in the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] Government during the Indo-Pakistan War of September 1965.

In the by-elections in 1962, Chavan was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament from the [[Nashik]] parliamentary constituency. On 14 November 1966, he was appointed Home Minister of India by Prime minister, [[Indira Gandhi]].
Yeshwantrao came in for criticism at the time of the first congress split in 1969. He had stuck to his earlier commitment to vote for the official Congress candidate, [[Sanjeeva Reddy]] in the presidential elections and in
doing so, had invited the ire of Mrs. Indira Gandhi, but later be shifted his ground and supported her. In doing so, he exposed himself to the charge of duplicity and of being a fence-sitter. According to Hatalkar, it might be said in his favour that he had nothing in common with the [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Syndicate faction]] of the Congress party but was fully in rapport with Mrs. Gandhi's views, if not her methods, that his prime anxiety was to maintain the unity of
the Congress, but that when he found that the split was inevitable, he did not succumb to the blandishments held out before him by some members of the Syndicate.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last1=Hatalkar|first1=V.G. |editor-last1=Ray|editor-first1=N.R.|title=DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY (Supplement) Volume I (A-D)|date=1986|publisher=N. R. Ray Director, Institute of Historical Studies|location=Calcutta|pages=245342|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.100392/2015.100392.Dictionary-Of-National-Biography-Supplement-Vol-1a-d1986_djvu.txt|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref>

On 26 June 1970, she appointed him the Finance Minister of India. During his term, Indian economy went into recession for the first time since 1966 and real GDP growth fell by 0.55% in 1972.

He was appointed as the Foreign Minister on 11 October 1974. In June 1975, an [[The Emergency (India)|Internal State of Emergency]] was declared in India by the [[Indira Gandhi]] Government. This period saw a severe crackdown on leaders and parties opposed to Mrs. Gandhi's rule. Yashwantrao remained in her Government during this period. In the subsequent general elections 1977, the Congress was routed with the party leader and Prime minister, [[Indira Gandhi]] herself losing her parliamentary seat. Therefore, in the new Parliament, Chavan was elected the Congress Party Parliamentary leader. As Congress now the biggest opposition party, he became the Leader of opposition.

==Split in Congress==
The annual session of the Congress party was held in Bengaluru at the end of 1978. On this occasion, the party suffered a split, and two separate political parties emerged, namely [[Congress (Indira)]] and [[Congress (Urs)]]. While the former was led by [[Indira Gandhi]], the latter was led by [[Devaraj Urs]], powerful [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Mysore]]. The other important leaders who joined the Congress Urs were [[Dev Kant Baruah]], [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]], [[Sharad Pawar]], [[A.K. Antony]], [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]], [[Priyaranjan Das Munshi]] and Yashwantrao Chavan. On the other side, Indira Gandhi's new party included leaders like [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], [[Umashankar Dikshit]], [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]], Kamruddin Ali Ahmad, [[Antulay|Abdul Rehman Antulay]] and [[Gulabrao Patil]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

Yashwantrao Chavan's political career suffered a major setback following his decision to move away from Indira Gandhi. Devaraj Urs himself soon joined the [[Janata Party]], following which the Congress(Urs) was renamed the [[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]. Yeshwantrao was appointed as Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India in the short-lived cabinet of Prime Minister [[Charan Singh]] in 1979.

In the general elections of January 1980, Congress (I) won a majority in Parliament and came to power under the leadership of Indira Gandhi. In this election, Yashwantrao Chavan was the only candidate elected from Maharashtra as MP on a Congress(S) ticket. In 1981, Yashwantrao was allowed to return to the Indira-led Congress after a six-month wait. Critics at that time commented that the "Fence-sitter has come home to roost".<ref name="auto"/>

In 1982, he was appointed the Chairman of the [[Eighth Finance Commission|8th Finance Commission]] of India. He died in 1984.

==Public office positions held==
Chavan held many important positions during a long and distinguished career. These included:

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]|years=1960–1962}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]|years=1962–1966}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sardar Swaran Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1966–1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]|years=1970–1974}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]}}}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sardar Swaran Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1974–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Charan Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]|years=1979–1980}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Jagjivan Ram]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Hirubhai M. Patel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1979–1980}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Zail Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[J.M. Shelat]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman, Finance Commission]]|years=1984-84}}
{{s-aft|after=[[N.K.P. Salve]]}}
{{s-end}}

==Death and legacy==
Chavan held all the senior portfolios in the Indian government such as Finance Defence, Home, and External Affairs. His last position was as deputy prime minister in the short lived Charan singh government. He brought important changes in all fields where he held power, he also played crucial role in rebuilding Indian army back after 1962 Sino India War. After his appointment as Defence Minister, he rapidly expanded and modernized military and restored it's dignity which directly helped India in 1971 war.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debacle to Resurgence Y.B. Chavan Defence Minister (1962-66): Buy Debacle to Resurgence Y.B. Chavan Defence Minister (1962-66) by Pradhan R.D. at Low Price in India|url=https://www.flipkart.com/debacle-resurgence-y-b-chavan-defence-minister-1962-66/p/itmdgbx8fvhky9t2|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Flipkart.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India's Defence and Foreign Policy: Role of Yashwantraoji Chavan Dated: March 25, 2012 - Indian Council of World Affairs (Government of India)|url=https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=2&ls_id=2244&lid=1671|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.icwa.in}}</ref> He also played crucial role in 1965 India Pakistan War.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pradhan|first=R. D.|title='I hate these Pakistanis'|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/i-hate-these-pakistanis/20150922.htm|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pradhan|first=R. D.|url=https://www.amazon.in/1965-War-Minister-India-Pakistan-Ministers-ebook/dp/B01N3AIMKJ|title=1965 War: The Inside Story (Defence Minister Y.B. Chavan's Diary of India-Pakistan War): Defence Ministers Diary of the India-Pakistan War|date=2017-02-02|editor-last=Pradhan|editor-first=R.}}</ref> Yashwantrao Chavan died of a heart attack on 25 November 1984 in Delhi. He was 71. He was cremated in [[Karad]] with full state honours on 27 November and his ''Samadhi'' (resting place) is situated at [[Pritisangam|Krishna-Koyna Pritisangam]].

* Yashwantrao Chavan holds the record of being the only Maharashtrian leader who held the 4 most important portfolios in the Union government. They are Home, External Affairs, Defence and Finance.
* When Yashwantrao was appointed Federal Defence minister following the China war in 1962, a popular saying arose in Maharashtra- "हिमालयाच्या हाकेला धावला सह्याद्री" ("Himalayachya Hakela Dhavla Sahyadri"), translated in English, Sahyadri (the mountain range that separates [[Konkan]] from the [[Deccan Plateau]]) came rushing on the call (for help) by the Himalaya.
* During the 1960s and early 70s when Yashwantrao was at the peak of his power and influence, he was called Pratishivaji or New Shivaji.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Kulkarni|editor-first1=A.R. |editor-last2=Wagle|editor-first2=N.K.|last1=Sirsikar|first1=V.M.|title=State intervention and popular response : western India in the nineteenth century|date=1999|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Mumbai|isbn=81-7154-835-0|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7f0JEWk6HMC&q=congress+%22sugar+lobby%22+maharashtra&pg=PR7}}</ref>

===Yashwantrao Chavan Pratishtan (Foundation)===

*In 1985, soon after his death, Yashwantrao Chavan Pratishtan (Foundation) was established in Bombay.
*In 2010, The Pratishtan instituted a corpus at the [[Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] (MP-IDSA) for the conduct of an annual Y B Chavan Memorial lecture. Yashwantrao was the founding President of MP-IDSA.<ref name="Lecture">{{cite web|title=Inaugural Y.B. Chavan Memorial Lecture |url=http://www.idsa.in/event/InauguralYBChavanMemorialLecture|publisher=IDSA|access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref> The inaugural lecture in 2010 was delivered by Prof. [[Sunil Khilnani]]. Prof. [[Kanti Bajpai]], and Ambassador [[Kanwal Sibal]] delivered the 2011 and 2012 lectures respectively<ref name="Lectures">{{cite web|title= Past Y B Chavan Memorial Lectures|url=http://www.idsa.in/YBChavanMemorialLecture|publisher=IDSA|access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref>

===Places named after Yashwantrao Chavan===
*In 1980, Ujjani Back water named [[Ujjani Dam|Yashwant Sagar]] on Bhima River village Ujjani in Solapur district.
*In 1984, an engineering college named [[Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering]] was established in [[Nagpur]].
*In 1989, an open university named '[[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]]' was established at Nasik in Maharashtra.
*Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's renowned 'Science College' in Satara was christened as [http://www.ycis.ac.in/index.html Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103101556/http://www.ycis.ac.in/index.html |date=3 November 2021 }} in 1986.
*The expressway between Pune and Mumbai is named after him as are the auditoriums in the Kothrud suburb of Pune, at Nariman Point in Mumbai and the Town Hall in [[Karad]].
*Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial hospital in Sant Tukaram Nagar area of [[Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation|Pimpri]] is named after him.
*[[Shivaji University]], [[Kolhapur]] has established 'Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development'.
* In 2009, the [[Mumbai Pune Expressway]], India's first Express-Way, was named Yashwantrao Chavan Mumbai-Pune Express-Way.
* In 1985, a manmade sanctuary was declared near Devrashtre village, was named as Yashwantrao Chavan Sagreshwar Wildlife Sanctuary

===Literature===
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}

Yashwantrao Chavan took a keen interest in literature. He established the Marathi Sahitya Mandal and supported the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan(Conference). He was very closely associated with many poets, editors and several Marathi and Hindi writers. He initiated compilation of [[Marathi Vishwakosh]] (a Marathi language encyclopedia). For this, he nominated [[Lakshman Shastri Joshi]] as a chairman. He had planned to write his autobiography in three parts. The first part covers his early years in Satara district. Since his native place is situated on the banks of Krishna River he named the first volume as '''Krishna Kath'''. His years as the Chief Minister of the bilingual Bombay state and later as that of the newly formed Maharashtra state were spent in Bombay and so the proposed name for the second volume was "Sagar Tir". Later in 1962 he was appointed Defence Minister of India by Nehru. From then he was in Delhi until his death in 1984; so he had proposed the name "Yamuna Kath" for his third volume. He was able to complete and publish only the first volume.

=== In popular culture ===
''Yashwantrao Chavan Bakhar Eka Vaadalaachi'', a 2014 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language biographical film by [[Jabbar Patel]] covers his role as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra. [[Ashok Lokhande]] portrayed the titular role of Chavan.<ref>{{Citation|title=Yashwantrao Chavan - Bakhar Eka Vadalachi Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Yashwantrao Chavan - Bakhar Eka Vadalachi by Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/yashwantrao-chavan-bakhar-eka-vadalachi/movie-review/32021777.cms|access-date=2021-04-29}}</ref>

He was portrayed by [[Vijay Kashyap]] in the Indian historical drama web series ''[[Rocket Boys]]'' (2022–), which chronicles the lives of scientists Homi J. Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai and highlights Chavan's political support for India's scientific advancements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rocket Boys (TV Series 2022– ) - Full cast & crew - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13868972/fullcredits/ |access-date=2025-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rocket Boys review: A stirring tale of India’s scientific renaissance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/rocket-boys-review-a-stirring-tale-of-india-s-scientific-renaissance-101644486574076.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=2022-02-04 |access-date=2025-04-22 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rocket Boys review: SonyLiv finally delivers a great successor to Scam 1992 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/rocket-boys-review-jim-sarbh-soars-with-an-exceptional-cast-sonyliv-finally-delivers-a-great-successor-to-scam-1992-101643973533533.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |date=4 February 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ministry of Finance (India)}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Defence Ministers of India}}
{{Chief Ministers of Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chavan, Yashwantrao}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition (India)]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1960–1962]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Satara district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
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[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Bombay State MLAs 1957–1960]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (U) politicians]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]

Chaitanya Krishna

2026-03-05T09:50:20Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Inline-sources|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chaitanya Krishna
| birth_place = India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2009–present
}}

'''Chaitanya Krishna''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema]].

== Career ==
After finishing his engineering from Sagi Rama Krishna Raju Engineering College (Bhimavaram), he worked in a MNC as a software engineer. His love towards [[acting]] made him quit his job and then he participated in the first edition of [[Dhee Ultimate Dance Show]]. He soon secured his first lead role in ''[[Ninnu Kalisaka]]'' in 2009 and since then has acted in several Telugu films. He is known for his roles in ''[[Sneha Geetham]]'' (2010), ''[[Ala Modalaindi]]'' (2011), ''[[Rowthiram]]'' (2011), and ''[[Kaalicharan]]'' (2013). One of his short films, ''Peek-a-boo'' (2014), directed by [[Srinu Pandranki]], was selected to be featured in [[Cannes]] "Short Film Corner" 2014.

==Filmography==
===Films===
*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of films and roles
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Ninnu Kalisaka]]'' || Chandu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''[[Sneha Geetham]]'' || Krishna ||
|-
| ''Adi Nuvve'' || Ravi ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[Rowthiram]]'' || Guna || [[Tamil film]]
|-
| ''[[Ala Modalaindi]]'' || Deepak ||
|-
|''Thokkalo Love Story''
|Kamesh
| rowspan="2" |Short film
|-
|''Vesham''
|Raju
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Vennela 1 1/2]]'' || Krishna Krishna ||
|-
|''i Square''
|Chaitu
|Short film
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Kaalicharan]]'' || Kaalicharan ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2014 || ''[[Chandamama Kathalu]]'' || Raghu ||
|-
| ''[[Drushyam]]'' || Rajesh ||
|-
| ''[[Chakkiligintha]]'' || Rahul ||
|-
|''Peek-a-boo''
|
|Short film
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2015 || ''[[Ladies & Gentlemen (2015 film)|Ladies & Gentlemen]]''|| Krishna Murthy ||
|-
| ''[[Krishnamma Kalipindi Iddarini]]''|| Krishna's collage mate ||
|-
| ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]''|| Lakshmi's brother ||
|-
| ''[[Bhale manchi roju|Bhale Manchi Roju]]''|| Surya ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''|| Vijaya Krishna ||
|-
| ''[[Speedunnodu]]''|| Madhan ||
|-
| ''[[Garam (film)|Garam]]''|| Ravi ||
|-
| ''[[Premam (2016 film)|Premam]]'' || Siva ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Katamarayudu]]'' || Katamarayudu's brother ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]'' || Rohit ||
|-
| ''[[Bluff Master (2019 film)|Bluff Master]]'' || Nandu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|| ''[[George Reddy (film)|George Reddy]]''
||Kaushik ||
|-
|| ''[[Sarileru Neekevvaru]]''
||Journalist ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Johaar]]'' || Vijay Varma
|
|-
| ''[[Anaganaga O Athidhi]]'' || Sreenivas
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| ''[[Check (film)|Check]]''
| Chess Player
|
|-
| ''[[Vakeel Saab]]''
| Satyadev's friend
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Amigos (film)|Amigos]]'' || Sathi's doppelgänger ||
|-
|''[[Mangalavaaram]]''
|Zamindaar
|
|-
|2025
|[[Game Changer (film)|''Game Changer'']]
|
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Nawab Cafe]]''
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Network !! Notes
|-
| 2018 || ''Ee Office Lo''|| Sidhu || [[Viu (streaming service)|Viu]]||
|-
|2022
|''[[Gaalivaana|Gaalivana]]''
|Marthand
|[[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Gaalivaana Season 1 Review: An interesting plot let down by subpar narration |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/gaalivaana/gaalivaana-season-1/seasonreview/90817618.cms |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Vyooham (TV series)|''Vyooham'']]
|Micheal
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|-
|2023{{Ndash}}present
|''[[Save the Tigers]]''
|Vikram
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=6399091}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, Chaitanya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]

Denison barb

2026-02-28T01:11:52Z

AuroraMackellar: fix lead for consistency and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Dawkinsia denisonii specimen Natural History Museum University of Pisa (cropped).jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Ali, A. |author2=Raghavan, R. |author3=Dahanukar, N. |date=2015 |title=''Sahyadria denisonii'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T169662A70082469 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T169662A70082469.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Dawkinsia denisonii
| authority = ([[Francis Day|F. Day]], 1865)
| synonyms ={{Specieslist
|Labeo denisonii|F. Day, 1865
|Barbus denisonii|(F. Day, 1865)
|Crossocheilus denisonii|(F. Day, 1865)
|Puntius denisonii|(F. Day, 1865)
|Sahyadria denisonii|(F. Day, 1865)
}}
}}
[[File:Pdenisonii.jpg|thumb|250px|right]][[File:Cyprinidae Sahyadria denisonii 1.2.jpg|thumb]]

The '''Denison barb''', '''Denison's barb''', '''Miss Kerala''', '''red-line torpedo barb''', or '''roseline shark''' ('''''Dawkinsia denisonii''''') is an endangered [[species]] of [[cyprinid]] [[fish]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the fast-flowing hill streams and rivers of the [[Western Ghats]] in [[India]].<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase species |genus= Dawkinsia |species= denisonii |month = October |year = 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Raghavan, R.|author2= Philip, S.|author3= Ali, A. |author4= Dahanukar, N. |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |url=http://www.threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2013/November/o367326xi134932-4938.pdf|title=''Sahyadria'', a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230040/http://www.threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2013/November/o367326xi134932-4938.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2013|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=5|issue=15|pages=4932-4938}}</ref> It is commonly seen in the [[aquarium]] trade; pet collection caused it to become endangered and is its single major threat.<ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021" /><ref name=seriouslyfish>{{cite web|website=Seriously Fish|url=http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/puntius-denisonii/ |title=''Sahyadria denisonii''|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Sajan, S |year=2017 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Life-History-traits-Endangered-barb/dp/3330042125 |title=Life History traits of an Endangered barb |publisher=LAMBERT Academic Publishing |isbn=978-3-330-04212-4 }}</ref>

==Physical characteristics==
[[File:Barbus denisonii Day 143.jpg|thumb]]
The fish is characterized by a torpedo-shaped body with silver scales, a red line running from their snout, through the eye, back towards the middle of the body; and below the red line, a black line that runs the length of the fish to the tail. As they mature, a distinctive green/blue marking on top of the head develops. This species reputedly reaches a length of {{convert|15|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|TL]],<ref name=fishbase/> but typically will only reach {{convert|9|-|11|cm|in}}.<ref name=seriouslyfish/> They are active shoaling fishes.<ref name=seriouslyfish/>

The species was described by [[Francis Day]] and named after Sir [[William Denison]].<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28497236| journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | year=1865| title=On the fishes of Cochin, on the Malabar Coast of India. Part II. Anacanthini| pages=286–318 |author=Day, F.| volume=1865 }}</ref>

==Habitat and threats==
Denison barb is endemic to the [[Achankovil]], [[Pamba River|Pamba]] and [[Chaliyar River|Chaliyar]] rivers. Specifically, they are found in four locations — Cheenkannipuzha (a major tributary of Valapattanam River), the Achankovil river, the Chaliyar river and near [[Mundakayam]] town.<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news | last=Mathew | first=Dennis Marcus | title='Miss Kerala' gets a protective shield | newspaper=The Hindu | date=1 February 2010 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoMiss-Keralarsquo-gets-a-protective-shield/article15976367.ece | access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> The [[species]] has an estimated range of {{convert|8805|km2|abbr=on}}. ''S. denisonii'' is a [[benthopelagic]] species that is gregarious and [[shoals]] are known to occur in rocky pools with thick vegetation along their banks. They thrive in a [[subtropical]] climate in water with a 6.8–7.8 [[pH]], a water hardness of 5–25 [[dGH]] and a temperature range of {{convert|65|to|79|F|C|abbr=on}}.

As reported by [[Practical Fishkeeping]] in January 2009, new research by team of scientists from India suggests that the species is being [[over-exploited]] for the aquarium trade, potentially placing it at risk of extinction.<ref>Practical Fishkeeping (11 January 2009), Kerala government bans fishing for this species.{{cite web |url=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=1905 |title=Kerala government bans fishing for ''Puntius denisonii'' |website= Practical Fishkeeping |access-date=2010-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605090314/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=1905 |archive-date=2011-06-05}}</ref> In spite of being listed as [[endangered]] by local assessment reports<ref>Molur, S. and Walker, S., Report of the workshop on 'Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Fresh Water Fishes of India', Zoo Outreach Organization and NBFGR, Lucknow, 1998,p. 156.</ref> the fish had been promoted as an 'export item' by several government agencies. The population structure, age, growth, mortality and harvest intensity in the [[Valapattanam River]] was studied and suggests that the species is being over-exploited.<ref name=Sajan2015>{{cite journal|author=SAJAN, S.|author2=T.V. ANNA MERCY |author3=V. MALIKA |name-list-style=and |journal=Asian Fisheries Science |volume=28|issue=3|year=2015|pages=130-142|title=Age, Growth and Population Dynamics of an Endangered Fish ''Sahyadria denisonii'' (Day 1865) from the Western Ghats Hotspot of India|url=http://www.asianfisheriessociety.org/publication/abstract.php?id=1082}}</ref>

The fish was most likely collected and exported out of India in 1996. In 1997, it won the third prize at 'Aquarama 1997' (world exhibition on Ornamental fish) under the 'New Species Category'.<ref>{{cite journal|title='Damsel in distress'‐ The tale of Miss Kerala, ''Puntius denisonii'' (Day), an endemic and endangered cyprinid of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot (South India)|date=
January 2009|journal=Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |volume=19|issue=1|pages=67-74 |doi=10.1002/aqc.963|author1=Rajeev Raghavan|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> By 2007–08 it constituted about 60–65% of the total live ornamental fish exported from India which was worth US$1.54 million. Though the Government of Kerala banned the fishing and export of the endangered barb, it is yet to be listed under the National Wildlife Protection Act. The golden form of this Denison barb is extinct from the wild but few Aquarium hobbyists have it in their collection.

==In the aquarium==
This fish is a relatively new addition to the fish keeping hobby. The Denison's barb is a schooling fish that is usually kept in groups. It tends to be peaceful but some have been known to be slightly aggressive around food, especially if kept in less space than they require. They eat [[Glycera (genus)|bloodworms]], [[shrimp]], meat, fish flake and some vegetation. A similar fish, ''[[Dawkinsia chalakkudiensis]]'' is sometimes confused with this fish, but it is a larger, less colourful and a more aggressive species.

==Breeding==
Over the years many efforts have been made to breed this rapidly depleting species in captivity, initially with limited success. In 2009, success came from the work carried out at the Fisheries College, Kerala by Bony Joseph. Breeding efforts have also been carried out by [[Chester Zoo]] and two amateur fish-lovers from [[Chennai]] (India), Venkatesh and Murali.<ref name="hindu.com"/> These efforts may pave the way for standardizing the process and would be a major boost to conservation and the ornamental fish trade in India. Large numbers are now being bred in captivity at commercial facilities.<ref name=seriouslyfish/><ref>{{cite journal|author=T. V. Anna Mercy|author2= S. Sajan|author3= V. Malika |year=2015 |url=http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/view/29182 |title=Captive breeding and developmental biology of ''Sahyadria denisonii'' (Day 1865) (Cyprinidae), an endangered fish of the Western Ghats, India|journal=Indian Journal of Fisheries |volume=62|issue=2}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web
|author = Clarke, Matt
|title = The Red lined torpedo, ''Puntius denisonii'' (with details on an imposter species ''P. chalakudiensis'')
|work = Practical Fishkeeping
|url = http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/show_article.php?article_id=137
|access-date = 19 April 2004
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040529222209/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/show_article.php?article_id=137
|archive-date = 29 May 2004
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Puntius denisonii}}
*[https://archive.today/20130123042140/http://www.fishesninverts.com/blog/index.php?p=168 ''Puntius denisonii'' breeding - Photos of Puntius denisonii's epic journey from egg to hatchling, from www.fishesninverts.com]
*[http://www.fishbase.org/Photos/ThumbnailsSummary.php?ID=24148 Photos at Fishbase]
*[http://indianaquariumhobbyist.com/community/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=6785&highlight=denisonii Madan Subramanian at Bangalore, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210105607/http://indianaquariumhobbyist.com/community/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=6785&highlight=denisonii |date=10 February 2010 }}
*[http://www.fishforums.com/forum/profile-article-discussions/15354-puntius-denisonii-progress.html ''Puntius denisonii'' fish profile and detailed photos on fishforums.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228202614/http://www.fishforums.com/forum/profile-article-discussions/15354-puntius-denisonii-progress.html |date=28 December 2007 }}
*[http://www.iucnredlist.org/news/threatened-freshwater-fish-fall-through-net-of-mismanaged-aquarium-pet-trade Threatened freshwater fish fall through net of mismanaged aquarium pet trade] ([[IUCN]])

{{Taxonbar|from=Q247277 |from2=Q28149684 }}

[[Category:Sahyadria]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1865]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Francis Day]]
[[Category:Species that are or were threatened by the pet trade]]

Dara

2026-02-23T15:23:07Z

AuroraMackellar: fix page per standard format and added references

{{Short description|Name in various languages}}
{{other uses}}
{{mcn|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox given name
| name = Dara
| image=
| imagesize=
| caption=
| pronunciation=
| gender = both
| meaning = various
| region =
| origin = various
| related names = [[Darius (given name)|Darius]], Dora, Bojidar, Bozhidar, Bojidara
| footnotes =
}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
'''Dara''' are several [[given name]]s used for both men and women in different languages.

== Etymology ==
Dara are several different [[homonymous]] names with different [[etymological]] origins.

*In [[Hebrew]], Dara means "compassion" or "pearl of wisdom".{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
*In [[Bulgaria]], [[North Macedonia]] and [[Serbia]], Dara means "gift", or "to give a gift", its meaning directly derives from ''dar'' "gift".
*In [[Ibibio language|Ibibio]], Dara is a derivative of "joy", and it means "rejoice".
*In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], Dara is a feminine given name meaning "girl", "young woman", or "virgin".
*In [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], Dara is a short form of the name Oluwadara or Oluwadarasimi, given to a male or female child meaning "God's Good". Oluwa means "God" and Dara means "is good".
*Dara is an [[anglicisation (linguistics)|anglicisation]] of the [[Irish language]] given name [[Dáire]], which is likely derived from {{lang|ga|doire}} "oak wood".{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} Despite traditionally being masculine, it is sometimes used as a unisex name. Alternative spellings include [[Daire]] or [[Darragh]]. It also occurs as a [[surname]], possibly a version of the surname {{lang|ga|Mac Dubhdara}}.
*In [[Javanese language|Javanese]], Dara means "dove" or "pigeon".
*Because of the diacritic mark in [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], Dara is also a short form of Oluwaṣindara, which means "wonder (God still does wonder)".
*In [[Gokana language|Gokana]], "Dara" mean to "carry".
*In [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], Dara is a feminine given name meaning "special, one of a kind".
*In [[Khmer language|Khmer]], [[Thai language|Thai]], and [[Lao language|Lao]], Dara is a unisex name meaning "star".
*In [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Parsis|Parsi]] communities, {{transliteration|fa|Dara}} ({{langx|fa|دارا}}) is a variant of the masculine given name [[Darius (given name)|Darius]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/darius-index|title=Darius (Encyclopædia Iranica)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gandhi |first1=Maneka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSdCL2ZfflIC&q=dara++meaning+name&pg=PA108 |title=The Complete Book of Muslim and ParsiNames |last2=Husain |first2=Ozair |year=2004 |isbn=9780143031840}}</ref> In contemporary Persian, it means "rich", "well-off" and "well-to-do".
*In [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], Dara means "leader".
*In [[Swahili language|Swahili]], Dara means "the beautiful one".
*The word "Odara" derives from the Brazilian indigenous Ioruba word ''dara'', meaning "gorgeous."
*In [[Urdu]], Dara is a masculine given name meaning "possessor" or "sovereign" and "halo (of the moon)".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muslimkidnames.com/name/Dara|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093914/http://www.muslimkidnames.com/name/Dara|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 4, 2016|title=Islamic Name Dara Meanings in Urdu - Muslim Boy Names}}</ref> It can also mean "sovereign" or "lord", a meaning shared with the Sikh language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernindianbabynames.com/meaning_of_sikh_boy_name_dara.htm|title=Meaning of Sikh Boy Name Dara|access-date=2016-01-08|archive-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004082439/http://www.modernindianbabynames.com/meaning_of_sikh_boy_name_dara.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Urdu, Dara is a short form of [[Dariush|Darius]].
*In African-American culture, the name Dara is of Bermudian origin, also meaning "beautiful".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meaning-of-names.com/african-american-names/dara.asp|title=Names - Meaning of Dara}}</ref>

== People ==
* [[Sandara Park|Dara]], (born Sandara Park, 1984), South Korean singer, actress and TV presenter, member of K-pop girl group 2NE1
* [[Dara Alizadeh]] (born 1993), Bermudian and American rower who represents Bermuda
* [[Dara Bashir]] (born 1960), Pakistani former first-class cricketer
* [[Dara Birnbaum]] (1946–2025), American video and installation artist
* [[Dara Brown]] (born 1964/1965), news anchor and senior producer for MSNBC.com
* [[Dara Bubamara]], Serbian singer
* [[Dara Calleary]], Irish politician
* [[Dara Dotiwalla]] (1933–2019), Indian cricket umpire
* [[Dara Fitzpatrick]], Irish helicopter pilot
* [[Dara Gallagher]], Irish Gaelic footballer
* [[Dara Greig]] (born 2000), American-born Canadian ice hockey player
* [[Dara Moskowitz Grumdahl]], American magazine feature writer
* [[Dara Hayes]], birth name of the Australian DJ Tigerlily
* [[Dara Horn]], American novelist
* [[Dara Howell]] (born 1994), Canadian freestyle skier
* [[Dara Huang]] (born 1982/1983), British-American architect
* [[Dara Jingga]], one of the Malay Dharmasraya princess who was intended to be betrothed to Javanese King Kertanegara of Singasari
* [[Dara Khosrowshahi]], [[Iranian Americans|Iranian-American]] businessman, CEO of [[Uber]]
* [[Dara Kovačević]] (born 1983), former Serbian basketball player
* [[Dara Maclean]] (born 1986), American contemporary Christian singer and songwriter
* [[Dara Mohammed]] (born 1987), Iraqi football player of Kurdish ethnicity
* [[Dara Murphy]], Irish politician
* [[Dara Nusserwanji Khurody]] (1906–1983), Indian dairy entrepreneur
* [[Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia]] (1883–1969), Indian geologist
* [[Dara Ó Briain]], Irish comedian and TV presenter
* [[Dara Ó Cinnéide]] (born 1975), Irish former Gaelic footballer
* [[Dara Ó Conaola]] (born 1945), Irish writer
* [[Dara O'Shea]], Irish Association Football player
* [[Dara Rasmi]], princess of Chiang Mai
* [[Dara Reneé]], American actress
* [[Dara Rolins]], Slovak recording artist
* [[Dara Shikoh]], Indian prince
* [[Dara Singh]], Indian professional wrestler
* [[Dara Singh (Bajrang Dal)]], serial killer
* [[Dara Strolovitch]], American political scientist
* [[Dara Torre]], American politician
* [[Dara Torres]], American swimmer
* [[Dara Tucker]], American singer, songwriter, social commentator and satirist
* [[Dara (Bulgarian singer)]], a Bulgarian singer
* Dara (דרע) is a personage in [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles 2:6]], a descendant of Judah, son of Jacob.

== Fictional characters ==
* Sumerian God [[Enki]] was also known as "Dara-Mah" <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMGGBAAAQBAJ&q=Sumerian+Dara+Mah&pg=PT99|title=Celtic Tree Magic|isbn=9780738744063|last1=Forest|first1=Danu|date=8 October 2014}}</ref>
* Dara is a young elf from [[The Witcher (TV series)]].
* Dara is a Romani person from the Brazilian novel [[Explode Coração]]
* Dara is an elder from Caer Pelyn village from [[Fire Emblem: The Sacred Stones|Fire Emblem: Sacred Stones]]
* Dara Shirazi, the protagonist of the book ''The Electric Heir''.
* Dara is the Princess, and later the Queen, of the Courts of Chaos in [[The Chronicles of Amber]]

==See also==
*[[List of Irish-language given names]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Given names]]

Sreeja Akula

2026-02-22T00:59:33Z

AuroraMackellar: Article

{{Short description|Indian table-tennis player}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox table tennis player
| name = Sreeja Akula
| image = Sreeja Akula in 2022.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Akula in 2022
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1998|7|31}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], India<ref>{{cite web|title=Akula Sreeja, the new queen of Indian table tennis|url=https://telanganatoday.com/akula-sreeja-the-new-queen-of-indian-table-tennis|publisher=Telangana Today|last=Krishan Gundra|first=Shiva|date=25 April 2022|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425211153/https://telanganatoday.com/akula-sreeja-the-new-queen-of-indian-table-tennis|url-status=live}}</ref>
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| spouse =
| notable_works =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[table tennis]]}} [[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]] | [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]] }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Table Tennis Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2024 Asian Table Tennis Championships|2024 Astana]]|[[2024 Asian Table Tennis Championships#Events|Women's team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[South Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu–Pokhara]] | [[Table tennis at the 2019 South Asian Games|Women's doubles]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu–Pokhara]] | [[Table tennis at the 2019 South Asian Games|Women's team]] }}
| hrank = 22 (06 August 2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024_32_SEN_WS.html|title=ITTF Table Tennis World Ranking Women's Singles 2024 Week #32 - August 06|publisher=ITTF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807101932/https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024_32_SEN_WS.html |access-date=6 August 2024|archive-date=7 August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|crank=57 (15 July 2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025_29_SEN_WS.html|title=Women's singles rankings Week #29 - July 15th|website=ittf.com|access-date=15 July 2025}}</ref>
|playingstyle=Right-handed, shakehand grip
}}
'''Sreeja Akula''' (born 31 July 1998) is an Indian [[table tennis]] player. She is a two-time Indian national champion. She is currently ranked India number one in women's singles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=V. V. |date=2024-01-02 |title=Sreeja shifts focus to Paris Olympics after ranking first in women's singles for the fourth consecutive year |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/table-tennis/sreeja-akula-paris-2024-olympics-womens-singles-ttfi-ranking-fourth-consecutive-year/article67698301.ece |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305050221/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/table-tennis/sreeja-akula-paris-2024-olympics-womens-singles-ttfi-ranking-fourth-consecutive-year/article67698301.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Akula received the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2022.

At the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]], Akula won the gold medal in the [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|mixed doubles]] event with [[Sharath Kamal]]. In June 2024, she became the first Indian to win a singles title at the [[World Table Tennis (ITTF)#WTT Contenders|WTT Contender]] level by clinching the top spot at WTT Contender Lagos.

She also became the second ever Indian paddler to reach the Pre-Quarterfinals in the Olympics at the Paris Olympics 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics/story/paris-olympics-sreeja-akula-vs-jian-zeng-table-tennis-manika-batra-pre-quarters-2574378-2024-07-31 | title=Paris Olympics: Birthday girl Sreeja Akula follows Manika into pre-quarters | date=31 July 2024 }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
She studied in Rosary Convent High School,Abids.
Sreeja hails from Hyderabad. Both her father Praveen Kumar, a manager in a private insurance company, and elder sister Ravali are table tennis players.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tomar |first=Ajay |date=2024-02-18 |title=Telangana paddler Sreeja Akula has her eyes set on Paris Olympics after beating World No 2 |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/telangana-paddler-sreeja-akula-has-her-eyes-set-on-paris-olympics-after-beating-world-no-2/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The South First |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305050221/https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/telangana-paddler-sreeja-akula-has-her-eyes-set-on-paris-olympics-after-beating-world-no-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ravali played at the university level. Sreeja trained under coach Somnath Ghosh,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=V. V. |date=2024-01-02 |title=Sreeja shifts focus to Paris Olympics after ranking first in women's singles for the fourth consecutive year |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/table-tennis/sreeja-akula-paris-2024-olympics-womens-singles-ttfi-ranking-fourth-consecutive-year/article67698301.ece |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728120805/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-2024/interviews/sreeja-akula-paris-2024-olympics-womens-singles-ttfi-ranking-fourth-consecutive-year/article67698301.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> at his academy at [[Kukatpally]], Hyderabad. Before that she learnt the basics at St Paul's Academy in [[Basheerbagh|Basheer Bagh]] when she was nine years and continued the game at YMCA in [[Narayanguda]],<ref name=":0" /> She passed her intermediate (plus two) with 98.7 percent and then graduated in commerce. Telangana State Table Tennis Association (TSTTA) Secretary Nagendra Reddy was one of her first coaches.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Akula was the gold medalist in Women's Doubles and Women's Team events in [[Table tennis at the 2019 South Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-04-25 |title=Akula Sreeja, the new queen of Indian table tennis |url=https://telanganatoday.com/akula-sreeja-the-new-queen-of-indian-table-tennis |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=29 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729221437/https://telanganatoday.com/akula-sreeja-the-new-queen-of-indian-table-tennis |url-status=live }}</ref>

Akula won the women's singles and doubles table tennis titles at the 83rd Senior National and Inter-State Table Tennis Championships held in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thebridge.in/table-tennis/sharath-kamal-10th-national-title-sreeja-akula-1st-30965?infinitescroll=1 | title=Senior TT Championships: Sharath Kamal wins 10th national title, Sreeja Akula her first | date=25 April 2022 | access-date=27 July 2022 | archive-date=28 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728120803/https://thebridge.in/table-tennis/sharath-kamal-10th-national-title-sreeja-akula-1st-30965?infinitescroll=1 | url-status=live }}</ref> She was the runner-up in national Women's singles in the previous edition, losing to [[Manika Batra]]. She was also a part of the Indian team at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]] where she won gold medal in [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|mixed doubles]] event with [[Sharath Kamal]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-23 |title=Mental strength, variations and forearm conditioning on national TT champion Sreeja Akula's mind as she aims for Olympic qualification |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mental-strength-variations-and-forearm-conditioning-on-national-tt-champion-sreeja-akulas-mind-as-she-aims-for-olympic-qualification-9124577/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305050221/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mental-strength-variations-and-forearm-conditioning-on-national-tt-champion-sreeja-akulas-mind-as-she-aims-for-olympic-qualification-9124577/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2024, Sreeja won her maiden WTT singles career title at the WTT Feeder Corpus Christi in Texas.<ref name=":1" /> This was followed by her second singles career title at the WTT Feeder Beirut II in March 2024 where she beat Luxembourg's [[Sarah De Nutte]] 3-1 (6–11, 12–10, 11–5, 11–9) in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=24 March 2024 |title=WTT Feeder Beirut II 2024: Sreeja Akula wins singles title |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/wtt-feeder-beirut-ii-2024-table-tennis-india-results-winners |access-date=24 June 2024 |website=[[Olympics]] |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728121303/https://olympics.com/en/news/wtt-feeder-beirut-ii-2024-table-tennis-india-results-winners |url-status=live }}</ref> Sreeja defeated WR2 Chinese paddler [[Wang Yidi]] in a group match at [[2024 World Team Table Tennis Championships – Women's team|2024 World Team Championships]], although her team narrowly lost the tie as 2–3. At the WTT Contender Lagos in June 2024, Akula became the first Indian to win a title at the Contender level. She achieved this feat by beating China's Ding Yijie with a 4–1 score in the ultimate clash. At the same event, she also won the women's doubles title alongside [[Archana Kamath]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-23 |title=Table Tennis: Sreeja Akula does the double: Wins singles and doubles WTT titles in Lagos |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/sreeja-akula-singles-doubles-win-wtt-contender-titles-9410607/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624044522/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/sreeja-akula-singles-doubles-win-wtt-contender-titles-9410607/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Singles Titles ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Final opponent
! Score
|-
|2024
|[[World Table Tennis (ITTF)|WTT]]
Contender Lagos
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [https://pingsunday.com/ding-yijie-double-ranking Ding Yijie]
|4–1
|-
|2024
|WTT Feeder Corpus Christi
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Lily Zhang]]
|3–0
|-
|2024
|WTT Feeder Beirut II
|{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Sarah De Nutte]]
|3–1
|}

== Awards ==
Akula received the Arjuna Award in 2022.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-11-16 |title=Arjuna Award a big motivation, says Hyderabad paddler Sreeja |url=https://telanganatoday.com/arjuna-award-a-big-motivation-says-hyderabad-paddler-sreeja |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Telangana Today |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130203551/https://telanganatoday.com/arjuna-award-a-big-motivation-says-hyderabad-paddler-sreeja |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-30 |title=Birmingham CWG star Sreeja Akula excited to be honoured with Arjuna award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/birmingham-cwg-star-sreeja-akula-excited-to-be-honoured-with-arjuna-award/articleshow/95875894.cms |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728121304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/birmingham-cwg-star-sreeja-akula-excited-to-be-honoured-with-arjuna-award/articleshow/95875894.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akula, Sreeja}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female table tennis players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Telangana]]
[[Category:Table tennis players at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic table tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Table tennis players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in table tennis]]
[[Category:Table tennis players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games table tennis players for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in table tennis]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Table Tennis Championships medalists]]

Harvinder Singh (archer)

2026-02-20T22:23:53Z

AuroraMackellar: Redirect page

{{Short description|Indian Archer and Paralympic Medalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Harvinder Singh
| image = Shri Harvinder Singh Archery medalist.jpg
| caption = Singh in 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|25 February 1991}}
| birth_place = [[Kaithal]], [[Haryana]], India
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[para archery]]}}[[File:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Archery at the Summer Paralympics|Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]
{{MedalGold|[[Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual recurve open|Individual recurve open]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual recurve open|Individual recurve open]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Asian Para Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Archery at the 2018 Asian Para Games|Individual recurve open W2/ST]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Doubles recurve]]}}
}}

'''Harvinder Singh''' (born 25 February 1991) is an Indian [[Paralympic Games|paralympic]] archer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/en/results/archery/athlete-profile-n1669852-singh-harvinder.htm |title=SINGH Harvinder |work=Tokyo 2020 Paralympics |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904132434/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/en/results/archery/athlete-profile-n1669852-singh-harvinder.htm |archive-date=4 September 2021 |quote=Date of Birth: 25 Feb 1991 / Place of birth: KAITHAL}}</ref> He is a double Paralympic medalist having won the gold at [[2024 Paralympics|2024 Paris]] and the bronze at [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]] in the men's singles [[recurve bow|recurve]] [[archery]] event.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Harvinder Singh wins bronze, India's first ever archery medal at Paralympics |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/harvinder-singh-wins-bronze-indias-first-ever-archery-medal-at-paralympics/cid/1829231 |access-date=12 October 2022 |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=India |date=3 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> His medals were the first [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] gold and bronze archery medals for India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Paralympics: Harvinder Singh wins bronze, India's first-ever medal in archery |url=https://thebridge.in/tokyo-2020-paralympics/harvinder-singh-bronze-medal-tokyo-paralympics-archery-24941 |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=The Bridge - Home of Indian Sports |date=3 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Paralympics: Harvinder Singh wins bronze, India's first archery medal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/tokyo-paralympics-harvinder-singh-wins-bronze-indias-first-archery-medal-7487348/ |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=The Indian Express |date=3 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2025, Harvinder Singh was honored with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Award Winners 2025 Full List: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/social/padma-awards-2025-arijit-singh-ajith-kumar-shekhar-kapur-and-late-pankaj-udhas-honored-for-excellence |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Singh was born in [[Kaithal]], Haryana. He is supported by sports NGO, [[Olympic Gold Quest]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Para Archery {{!}} OGQ |url=https://ogq.org/paralympics-archery.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=ogq.org |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901175346/https://ogq.org/paralympics-archery.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh won the gold medal at the [[2018 Asian Para Games]] and the bronze medal at the [[2020 Summer Paralympics|Tokyo 2020 Paralympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Paralympics, archery: India's Harvinder Singh wins bronze with thrilling win in a shootoff |url=https://scroll.in/field/1004530/tokyo-paralympics-archery-indias-harvinder-singh-wins-bronze-with-thrilling-win-in-a-shootoff |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=Scroll.in |date=3 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> At the [[2022 Asian Para Games]], he was a part of the team that won the bronze medal.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://extranet.worldarchery.sport/biographies/PrintBiography.php?WaId=25154 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204142545/https://extranet.worldarchery.sport/biographies/PrintBiography.php?WaId=25154 | archive-date=2021-12-04}}</ref>

At the Para Archery World Ranking event in 2024, he won a bronze medal at [[Czech Republic]]. At the [[Oceania Archery Confederation|World Archery Oceania Para Grand Prix]], he won a bronze at [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvinder Singh {{!}} World Archery |url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/profile/25154/harvinder-singh/results |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.worldarchery.sport |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards ==
* [[Padma Shri]] (2025)<ref name="Padma awards 2025 Live updates: Winners to be announced today">{{cite news |last1= |title=Padma awards 2025 Live updates: Winners to be announced today |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/padma-awards-2025-live-updates-recipients/article69139742.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125142641/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/padma-awards-2025-live-updates-recipients/article69139742.ece |archive-date=25 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[India at the 2020 Summer Paralympics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{World Archery|25154/harvinder-singh}}
* {{IPC|harvinder-singh}}
* [https://www.hindigrab.in/2021/09/harvinder-singh-biography-in-hindi.html Archer Harvinder Singh Biography in Hindi]

{{Paralympic medalists for India}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harvinder}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male archers]]
[[Category:Paralympic archers for India]]
[[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2020 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:People from Kaithal]]
[[Category:Paralympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2018 Asian Para Games]]

{{India-archery-bio-stub}}
{{India-Paralympic-medalist-stub}}

Indian Airlines Flight 503

2026-02-19T22:46:54Z

AuroraMackellar: created data

{{Short description|1998 air crash}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| date = {{start date|1998|07|30|df=y}}
| summary = Uncommanded pitch-up and stall due to horizontal stabiliser failure caused by improper maintenance
| site = Near [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| total_fatalities = 9
| image = Sevenair Dornier Do-228 CS-AYT at Portimão Airport 11-10-2019 (1).jpg
| caption = A Dornier 228 similar to the one involved in the accident
| passengers = 3
| crew = 3
| fatalities = 6
| survivors = 0
| aircraft_type = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]] [[Dornier 228]]
| operator = [[Indian Airlines]]
| IATA = IC503
| ICAO = IAC503
| callsign = INDAIR 503
| tail_number = VT-EJW
| origin = [[Agatti Airport]], [[Agatti]], [[Lakshadweep]]
| stopover = [[INS Garuda|Willingdon Island Airport]], [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]
| destination = [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]
| total_injuries = 6 (on ground)
| ground_fatalities = 3
| ground_injuries = 6
}}

'''Indian Airlines Flight 503''' was a scheduled flight operated by [[Indian Airlines]] between [[Agatti Island|Agatti]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]], with a stopover in [[Kochi]]. On 30 July 1998, the [[Dornier 228]] aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from Kochi killing all six people onboard and three people on the ground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chronology of Air crashes in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chronology-of-air-crashes-in-india/story-N06bRyojimihRzdi4upoAM.html |access-date=3 June 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 May 2003 |language=en |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194726/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chronology-of-air-crashes-in-india/story-N06bRyojimihRzdi4upoAM.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Aircraft ==
The aircraft involved was a 13-year-old Dornier 228, manufactured in 1986 by [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] on licence from [[Dornier Flugzeugwerke|Dornier]], registered as VT-EJW. The aircraft had previously operated for [[Vayudoot]], however was transferred to Indian Airlines in 1993 to operate the Agatti-Kochi-Thiruvananthapuram route. It had an [[airworthiness]] certificate valid until 1999.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book |title=STATEMENT BY MINISTER Accident of an Indian Airlines Dornier Aircraft at Kochi on 30th July, 1998 |date=3 August 1998 |publisher=Rajya Sabha, Parliament of India |location=New Delhi |pages=132–151 |url=https://rsdebate.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/128891/1/PD_184_03081998_34_p132_p151_9.pdf |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Rediff On The NeT: Nine killed as IA plane crashes into naval workshop |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/jul/30plane.htm |access-date=3 June 2023 |work=m.rediff.com |date=30 July 1998 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194729/https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/jul/30plane.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dornier Do228 production list |url=https://rzjets.net/aircraft/?page=2&typeid=93 |website=rzjets.net |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604030339/https://rzjets.net/aircraft/?page=2&typeid=93 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Flight information ==
The flight originated in [[Agatti Airport|Agatti]], [[Lakshadweep]] and was headed for [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]] after a stopover at Kochi as Indian Airlines flight 503.<ref name="auto"/> Kochi had a [[INS Garuda|naval airport]] where the [[Airports Authority of India]] operated a [[Joint-use airport|civil enclave]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Debates: Made a statement regarding the accident of Indian Airlines Dornier Aircraft at Cochin on 30 July, 1998 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/439708/ |website=Indian Kanoon |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref>

The flight was commanded by [[Captain]] Shiv Raj Singh with Captain Manish Sharma as [[First officer (aviation)|co-pilot]]. The captain had 5,000 hours of [[flight time]] on the Dornier while the co-pilot had over 2,000 hours. The only other crew member on board the aircraft was the [[Purser|flight purser]], Sajid. There were only three passengers on board the sixteen-seater aircraft, none of whom survived. Three people on the ground were also killed, while six others suffered injuries.<ref name="auto2"/> The passengers, crew and victims on the ground were all admitted to [[INHS Sanjivani]] for treatment.<ref name="auto"/>

The aircraft took off from runway 17 of the airport at 11:04am local time. After reaching about 400 feet (122 metres) in its [[Climb (aeronautics)|initial climb]], it pitched up steeply and entered a [[Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall]] before banking right, entering an uncontrolled descent and crashing into a workshop building near the naval [[hangar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Major air crashes in India in two decades |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/may/22/major-air-crashes-in-india-in-two-decades-158593.html |access-date=3 June 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=22 May 2010 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404175243/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/may/22/major-air-crashes-in-india-in-two-decades-158593.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Belcastro |first1=Christine |last2=Newman |first2=Richard |title=Aircraft Loss of Control: Problem Analysis for the Development and Validation of Technology Solutions |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160007744/downloads/20160007744.pdf |website=NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220015605/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160007744/downloads/20160007744.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The aircraft burst into flames on impact and was destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |title=DORNIER 228, VT-EJW, KOCHI AERODROME, INDIA, 30-JUL-1998 |url=https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/adb/adb/ADBview.asp?REF=19980730B |website=www.fire.tc.faa.gov |publisher=CSRTG Aircraft Accident Database |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194727/https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/adb/adb/ADBview.asp?REF=19980730B |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Airport crash tender|Crash tenders]] responded swiftly and four of the victims, alive but critically injured, were moved to a hospital within 15 minutes of the crash.<ref name="auto2"/>

== Investigation ==
The [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] ordered an investigation into the accident and a three-member Committee of Inquiry headed by [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] P. Raj Kumar was constituted under the [[Aircraft Act|Aircraft Rules, 1937]].<ref name="dgca">{{Cite web |date=1998-11-14 |title=Report of the Committee of Inquiry investigating the accident involving Indian Airlines Dornier aircraft VTEJW at Kochi on 30th July, 1998 |url=https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?dynamicPage=dynamicPdf/bYFEgy8NuBORHIF9+4khlQ==&mainAccidentReports/500005/0/viewApplicationDtlsReq |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.dgca.gov.in |publisher=Directorate General of Civil Aviation}}</ref> The Committee in its report made 49 findings and 7 recommendations and stated that "poor aircraft maintenance practices at Short Haul Operations Department had contributed to the accident".<ref>{{cite web |title=FINDINGS OF THE COMMITTEE ON DORNIER AIRCRAFT CRASH |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/releases98/lyr99/l0699/r140699.html |website=archive.pib.gov.in |publisher=Press Information Bureau |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194725/https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/releases98/lyr99/l0699/r140699.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It found that the aircraft had pitched up uncontrollably after takeoff and that this was the result of a "sudden uncommanded downward movement of the [[Stabilizer (aeronautics)|Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer]] leading edge. This was due to partial detachment of its [[actuator]] forward bearing support fitting due to non-installation of required hi-lok fasteners."<ref>{{cite web |title=UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:5087 |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/458692/1/7559.pdf |publisher=Lok Sabha, Parliament of India |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194728/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/458692/1/7559.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=CIVIL AVIATION AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 1998 |url=http://164.100.60.133/aircraft/accrep-ind.htm |publisher=Directorate General of Civil Aviation |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205172902/http://164.100.60.133/aircraft/accrep-ind.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, the aircraft "stalled, fell to its right and crashed."<ref name="auto1"/>

Indian Airlines paid {{INR}}76.87 lakh ({{Lakh|76.87}}, roughly [[United States dollar|US$]]195,000) as compensation to the victims and received {{INR}}5 crore ({{Crore|5}}, US$1.27 million) from its insurers towards loss of the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |title=UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:4329 |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/444269/1/57767.pdf |publisher=Lok Sabha, Parliament of India |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1998}}
{{Air India}}
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 in India]]
[[Category:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:July 1998 in India]]
[[Category:History of Kochi]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Dornier 228]]

Chillakur

2026-02-15T09:46:35Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chillakur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Out Growth]]/[[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14.1333|N|79.8667|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 524412
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chillakur''' is a village and partly [[Out Growth|out growth]] of [[Gudur]] in [[Nellore district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Gudur revenue division]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Guntur District Mandals|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=19 January 2015|pages=234|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Urban Agglomerations and their Constituent Units - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/AP/Chapter_I.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=14 August 2015|page=24}}</ref>

==Geography==
Chillakur is located at {{coord|14.1333|N|79.8667|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Chillakur.html Falling Rain Genomics.Chillakur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 14 meters (49 feet).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nellore district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nellore district]]

Neil Nitin Mukesh

2026-02-13T04:14:10Z

AuroraMackellar: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1982)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Neil Nitin Mukesh
| image = Neil Nitin Mukesh at the premiere of Hisaab Barabar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mukesh in 2025
| birth_name = Neil Nitin Mukesh Chand Mathur
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|01|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| father = [[Nitin Mukesh]]
| relatives = [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] (grandfather)
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1988–1989 2007–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Rukmini Sahay|2017}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/photos-inside-neil-nitin-mukeshs-wedding/20170210.htm|title=PHOTOS: Inside Neil Nitin Mukesh's wedding |date=10 February 2017 |access-date=6 February 2019 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174700/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/photos-inside-neil-nitin-mukeshs-wedding/20170210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
| children = 1
}}

'''Neil Nitin Mukesh Chand Mathur''' (born 15 January 1982) is an Indian actor and producer known for his work in [[Hindi films]]. He is the son of playback singer [[Nitin Mukesh]] and grandson of singer [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]. He debuted as a child artist in ''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]'' (1988) and ''[[Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii]]'' (1989), and would go on to make his full-fledged debut playing the title role in ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]'' (2007). Since then, he has starred in ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'' (2009), ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' (2015), ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017), and ''[[Saaho]]'' (2019). He made his [[Tamil film]] debut with ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014) and [[Telugu film]] debut with [[Kavacham (2018 film)|''Kavacham'']] (2018).

== Early life and background ==
Neil was born as Neil Nitin Mukesh Chand Mathur on 15 January 1982 in [[Bombay]] (presently Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite news |title=He didn't get GOT but here's a Neil Nitin Mukesh primer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/he-didn-t-get-got-but-here-s-a-neil-nitin-mukesh-primer/story-n5tiD6FVILPhFNEZ0RzYkJ.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204091619/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/he-didn-t-get-got-but-here-s-a-neil-nitin-mukesh-primer/story-n5tiD6FVILPhFNEZ0RzYkJ.html |archive-date=4 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Neil Nitin Mukesh: Check out ten best family moments of Golmaal Again star |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-happy-birthday-neil-nitin-mukesh-check-out-ten-best-family-moments-of-golmaal-again-star-499113 |work=[[India TV]] |date=15 January 2019 |access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> He is the son of playback singer [[Nitin Mukesh]], and grandson of veteran singer [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]].<ref name=TOIBREAK>{{cite web|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh's Bollywood break|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Neil-Nitin-Mukeshs-Bollywood-break/etarticleshow/2355564.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033931/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-11/news-interviews/27971743_1_actor-neil-nitin-mukesh-actors-dream-lover-boy|url-status=live|archive-date=28 September 2013|author=Naval Shetye, Aakanksha|date=11 September 2007|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> His paternal grandmother was a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Shrimali Brahmins|Shrimali Brahmin]] while his paternal grandfather was a [[Mathur (name)|Mathur]] [[Kayastha]] from [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIsBeVv1qDE&t=884 |title=Exclusive : Neil Nitin Mukesh & Nitin Mukesh In Conversation With Karan Thapar |publisher=[[India Today]] |website=[[YouTube]] |date=23 October 2016}}</ref> He was named by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] after the American astronaut [[Neil Armstrong]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.mid-day.com/photos/specials/celebs-named-after-famous-people/neil-combined/ | title=Celebs named after famous people | work=[[Mid-Day]] | access-date=21 February 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As a child, he appeared in ''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]'' (1988) and ''[[Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii]]'' (1989) as the younger versions of [[Rishi Kapoor]] and [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] respectively.

Neil was educated at [[HR College]] in [[Mumbai]], where he graduated with a [[Commerce|bachelor's degree in commerce]]<ref name=TOILOVE>{{cite web|title=I am in Love: Neil Nitin Mukesh Chand
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-16/news-interviews/27752079_1_tera-kya-hoga-johnny-johnny-gaddar-madhur-bhandarkar-s-jail|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411033900/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-16/news-interviews/27752079_1_tera-kya-hoga-johnny-johnny-gaddar-madhur-bhandarkar-s-jail|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|author=Mulchandani, Amrita|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 June 2008|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> at his father's insistence. He then decided to pursue a career in acting, despite being born into a family of singers.<ref name=TOIBREAK /> In an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]'', the actor said "singing is my hobby, but acting is my passion. A passion that even my grand-dad harboured. So, while my father continued his legacy and became a singer, I pursued his other passion. I am living his dream".<ref name=TOIBREAK /> Neil trained at a four-month workshop at the Kishore Namit Kapoor Acting Institute, and received training from actor [[Anupam Kher]].<ref name=TOILOVE/>

=== 2007–2010: Debut and breakthrough ===
Mukesh debuted in [[Sriram Raghavan]]'s 2007 thriller ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]''. His portrayal of a crook received positive reviews from critics and earned him a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |date=29 September 2007 |title=Johnny Gaddaar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/johnny-gaddaar/movie-review/2412928.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715162228/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Johnny-Gaddaar/movie-review/2412928.cms |archive-date=15 July 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] described Neil as a "complete natural": "The youngster carries off the part with dexterity. There's just one word to describe his performance – superb!"<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Gaddaar|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54369|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 September 2007|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=12 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512043841/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54369|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, despite critical acclaim, the film failed to do well at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dil Dosti, Johnny Gaddaar open poorly|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/01box.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=1 October 2007|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706195913/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/01box.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

His first 2009 film was the science-fiction thriller ''[[Aa Dekhen Zara]]''. Co-starring with [[Bipasha Basu]], he played a struggling photographer who inherits a camera (whose photos predict the future) from his scientist grandfather. The film was a critical and commercial failure.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dashavtaar Opens to a Poor Response|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=887&nCat=box_office_report|publisher=Box Office India|date=18 April 2009|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=30 July 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730140901/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=887&nCat=box_office_report|url-status=live}}</ref> His performance received mixed reviews from critics; while [[Nikhat Kazmi]] described him as charming and effortless,<ref>{{cite web|title=Aa Dekhen Zara|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Aa-Dekhen-Zara/movie-review/4320123.cms|author=Kazmi, Nikhat|work=The Times of India|date=26 March 2009|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006221426/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Aa-Dekhen-Zara/movie-review/4320123.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Raja Sen of [[Rediff.com]] said he "seems to have cleverly picked another character that doesn't require him to act much beyond the fish-out-of-water routine".<ref>{{cite web|title=Shot in the dark|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/27review-aa-dekhen-zara.htm|author=Sen, Raja|work=Rediff.com|date=27 March 2009|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=7 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407095745/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/27review-aa-dekhen-zara.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Katrina, Neil and Kabir on the sets of New York.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|alt=Katrina, Neil and Kabir|Mukesh with [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] on the sets of ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'', 2009]]

His breakthrough came with [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s drama thriller [[New York (2009 film)|''New York'']] with [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Irrfan Khan]]. Exploring the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|9/11]], the film was a critical and commercial success, earning over {{INRConvert|610|m}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2009|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ==|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131907/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ%3D%3D|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> His performance was praised by critics, earning him a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 February 2011|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180943/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Subhash K Jha wrote: "Neil as the sophomore with stars and stripes in his eyes is fully convincing credible and supportive of the two central performances."<ref>{{cite news|title='New York', a remarkable effort|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms|author=K Jha, Subhash|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015114559/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-27/news-interviews/28160851_1_cinema-katrina-manisha-koirala|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

His final film of the year was [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]'s ''[[Jail (2009 film)|Jail]]'', a drama revolving around the cruel reality faced by prisoners in Indian jails. The film's aesthetically shot nude scene (demonstrating the torture Mukesh's character received in jail) and a masturbation scene sparked controversy;<ref>{{cite web|title=Nude scene in 'Jail' won't offend moms: Neil Mukesh|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/211009-neil-nitin-mukesh-jail-interview.htm|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=21 October 2009|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=16 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116083301/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/211009-neil-nitin-mukesh-jail-interview.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> as a result, the latter scene was shortened.<ref name=MJC>{{cite web|title=Neil Mukesh's masturbation scene in Jail shortened|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/281009-neil-mukesh-masturbation.htm|author=K Jha, Subhash|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=28 October 2009|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=14 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214112807/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/281009-neil-mukesh-masturbation.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Mukesh remarked, "My nude or masturbation scenes are not for titillation. It's a very practical need in the script. My character is in jail without sex for 2-1/2 years. What does he do? He naturally seeks pleasure by himself."<ref name=MJC /> A commercial failure,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranbir-Katrina jodi strikes gold at Box Office|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-16/india/28102188_1_box-office-hits-new-star|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411033418/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-16/india/28102188_1_box-office-hits-new-star|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|author=Kazmi, Nikhat|date=16 November 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> the film and his performance were praised by critics.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jail: Movie Review|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-11-06/news/27647588_1_madhur-bhandarkar-manoj-bajpai-central-jail|author=Malani, Gaurav|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=6 November 2009|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521050215/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-11-06/news/27647588_1_madhur-bhandarkar-manoj-bajpai-central-jail|url-status=dead}}</ref> Taran Adarsh wrote: "Not only does Neil Nitin Mukesh deliver his finest performance to date, but the performance would easily rank amongst the finest this year. He conveys the pathos and helplessness that this character demands with amazing understanding. He deserves all praise for his extra-ordinary portrayal."<ref>{{cite web|title=Jail|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/531744|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 November 2009|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521070238/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/531744|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2010, Mukesh featured in [[Pradeep Sarkar]]'s action drama ''[[Lafangey Parindey]]'' alongside [[Deepika Padukone]]. While the film received mixed reviews, his portrayal of a fighter was appreciated by critics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Lafangey Parindey is complete paisa vasool|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-lafangey-parindey-is-complete-paisa-vasool_1426261|author=Guha, Aniruddha|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=20 August 2010|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304012205/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-lafangey-parindey-is-complete-paisa-vasool_1426261|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Sify]]'s Sonia Chopra, Neil's "underplayed acting style complements the character's sketch perfectly".<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review: Lafangey Parindey|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lafangey-parindey-review-an-immersing-sensitive-story-review-bollywood-14954008.html|author=Chopra, Sonia|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-date=28 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028081421/http://www.sify.com/movies/lafangey-parindey-review-an-immersing-sensitive-story-review-bollywood-14954008.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Blessy Chettiar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' noted: "He looks great in every frame and carries off [the character's] rugged demeanour with panache."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Lafangey Parindey is a tribute to Mumbai's spirit|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_quick-review-lafangey-parindey-showcases-mumbai-s-spirit_1426099|author=Chettiar, Blessy|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=20 August 2010|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=20 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120234147/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_quick-review-lafangey-parindey-showcases-mumbai-s-spirit_1426099|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Lafangey Parindey'' was a moderate commercial success, with a worldwide revenue of {{INRConvert|310|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2010|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA==|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> Neil then starred in [[Sudhir Mishra]]'s dramatic thriller ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Johnny]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Failures keep you grounded: Neil Nitin Mukesh|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/failures-keep-you-grounded-neil-nitin-mukesh-71451|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=9 December 2010|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref>

He was also been a brand ambassador to the clothing brand Oxemberg in April 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/neil-nitin-chosen-as-brand-ambassador-for-oxemberg-suitings/|title=Neil Nitin chosen as brand ambassador for Oxemberg suitings|date=1 April 2010|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902102700/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/neil-nitin-chosen-as-brand-ambassador-for-oxemberg-suitings/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2011–present: Later career ===
The following year Mukesh starred in [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]'s ''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]'', a black comedy-drama (based on [[Ruskin Bond]]'s short story ''Susanna's Seven Husbands'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka's guide to losing your beloved in 7 ways!|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/priyankas-guide-to-losing-your-beloved-in-7-ways-/750167/0|work=The Indian Express|date=15 February 2011|access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref> featuring [[Priyanka Chopra]] as a woman who murders her seven husbands in an unending quest for love. The actor was cast as Chopra's first husband, Major Edwin Rodriques, an arrogant, jealous and possessive army officer who lost a leg in Punjab's [[Operation Blue Star]] in 1984. The film premiered at the [[61st Berlin Film Festival]];<ref>{{cite web|title=7 Khoon Maaf premieres at Berlin Film Fest|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-saat-khoon-maaf-at-belin-film-festival/20110218.htm|author=Chhabra, Aseem|work=Rediff.com|date=18 February 2011|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508015657/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-saat-khoon-maaf-at-belin-film-festival/20110218.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> it was a commercial failure, receiving mixed reviews from critics, but Mukesh's performance was praised. Nikhat Kazmi wrote that he "excelled as the brute."<ref>{{cite web|title=7 Khoon Maaf movie review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/7-Khoon-Maaf/movie-review/7516327.cms|author=Kazmi, Nikhat|work=The Times of India|date=17 February 2011|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-date=21 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121105953/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/7-Khoon-Maaf/movie-review/7516327.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, Mukesh starred in [[Abbas–Mustan]]'s ''[[Players (2012 film)|Players]]'' as part of an ensemble cast including [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Sonam Kapoor]], Bipasha Basu and [[Bobby Deol]]. The film was a [[remake]] of the 2003 [[Hollywood film|Hollywood]] [[heist film|heist thriller]] ''[[The Italian Job (2003 film)|The Italian Job]]'';<ref>{{cite web|title=Players different from the original movie: Bipasha|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Players-different-from-the-original-movie-Bipasha/Article1-787772.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 December 2011|access-date=22 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020154427/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Players-different-from-the-original-movie-Bipasha/Article1-787772.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> it was also a commercial failure,<ref>{{cite web|title=Agneepath Bumper Opening But Collections Fall Quickly|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3971&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|date=21 January 2012|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702204732/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3971&nCat=|archive-date=2 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> receiving mixed to negative reviews from critics (as did Mukesh's performance). Subhash K Jha said he "brings a mean menacing tone to the villainy."<ref>{{cite web|title=Subhash K. Jha speaks about Players|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2957|author=K Jha, Subhash|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=7 January 2012|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714013658/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2957|url-status=dead}}</ref> And according to Rediff.com's Sukanya Verma, Mukesh "mistakes sinister for superficial, resulting in a truly phony performance."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Players is lacklustre and unimaginative|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-players-is-lacklustre-and-unimaginative/20120106.htm|author=Verma, Sukanya|work=Rediff.com|date=6 January 2012|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175720/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-players-is-lacklustre-and-unimaginative/20120106.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, Mukesh worked in three films, though all were commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don't make mistake of writing me off: Neil Nitin Mukesh|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/don-t-make-mistake-of-writing-me-off-neil-nitin-mukesh_149747.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=14 July 2014|date=25 January 2014|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715004339/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/don-t-make-mistake-of-writing-me-off-neil-nitin-mukesh_149747.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His first release was [[Bejoy Nambiar]]'s action-drama ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]'', in which he played a [[gangster]] whose boss controls the Asian community in 1970's London. The actor said his character's dual personality appealed to him: "Here was this hardcore, extremely violent gangster and on the other hand, my director wanted me to show the emotional and romantic side to him too."<ref>{{cite news|title=David: star and style|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130131/jsp/entertainment/story_16501604.jsp|author=Roy, Priyanka|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=31 January 2013|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153644/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130131/jsp/entertainment/story_16501604.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews, but Mukesh's performance was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh's David gets mixed reviews|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-s-David-gets-mixed-reviews/Article1-1004928.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 February 2013|access-date=22 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021062228/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-s-David-gets-mixed-reviews/Article1-1004928.aspx|archive-date=21 October 2014}}</ref> Writing for ''The Times of India'', Madhureeta Mukherjee described it as "restrained and powerful"<ref>{{cite web|title=David|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/David/movie-review/18271538.cms|author=Mukherjee, Madhureeta|work=The Times of India|date=1 February 2013|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=8 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208112315/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/David/movie-review/18271538.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[CNN-IBN]]'s [[Rajeev Masand]] said that Mukesh is "nicely understated".<ref>{{cite web|title='David' Review: Much to appreciate but formidable length mars its chances|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/david-review-much-to-appreciate-but-formidable-length-script-holes-are-its-weak-points/370271-47-84.html|author=Masand, Rajeev|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=2 February 2013|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203210943/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/david-review-much-to-appreciate-but-formidable-length-script-holes-are-its-weak-points/370271-47-84.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He next appeared opposite [[Sonal Chauhan]] in [[Eros International]]'s horror film ''[[3G (film)|3G]]''. Filmed in Fiji, the film told the story of how the duo face supernatural occurrences when they buy a [[3G]]-enabled phone.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Garima|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh, Sonal Chauhan promote 3G|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-Sonal-Chauhan-promote-3G/articleshow/18793072.cms|access-date=14 July 2014|work=The Times of India|date=3 March 2013|archive-date=13 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093341/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-Sonal-Chauhan-promote-3G/articleshow/18793072.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was not well received by critics.<ref>{{cite news|title='3G – A Killer Connection' Critics Review: A Big 'NO'|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/0393g-a-killer-connection039-critics-review-a-big-no-446567|access-date=14 July 2014|work=International Business Times|date=15 March 2013|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003612/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/0393g-a-killer-connection039-critics-review-a-big-no-446567|url-status=live}}</ref> In a review for Rediff.com, Ankur Pathak said that Mukesh is "aggressively over the top" and added that his "body language is consistently uncomfortable."<ref>{{cite web|last=Pathak|first=Ankur|title=Review: 3G only offers cheap thrills|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-3g-only-offers-cheap-thrills/20130315.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=14 July 2014|date=15 March 2013|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015834/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-3g-only-offers-cheap-thrills/20130315.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He also appeared in [[Susi Ganeshan]]'s crime thriller ''[[Shortcut Romeo]]'' with [[Ameesha Patel]] and [[Puja Gupta]]. The picture ran into trouble when it got a limited release by its producers, and emerged as a major commercial failure.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|title=Neil-Ameesha, Mithun-Suniel starrers sabotaged?|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5155|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 June 2013|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022225646/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5155|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office Earnings 28/06/13 – 04/07/13 (Nett Collections in Ind Rs)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054334/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|archive-date=21 September 2013 |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> On his performance, Madhureeta Mukherjee of ''The Times of India'' said: "Neil performs well as always, he looks good (he needs to tone down his physicality for such roles) and proves that actors like him need better scripts to justify their true potential."<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Madhureeta|title=Shortcut Romeo|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Shortcut-Romeo/movie-review/20662707.cms|access-date=14 July 2014|work=The Times of India|date=20 June 2013}}</ref>
{{update section|date=September 2017}}
Mukesh has completed work on two films – Prerna Wadhwan's romantic drama ''Ishqeria'', which will see him star opposite [[Richa Chadda]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Parkar|first=Shaheen|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh starrer 'Ishqeria' delayed yet again|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/neil-nitin-mukesh-starrer-ishqeria-delayed-yet-again/15048010|access-date=14 July 2014|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=25 January 2014|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715010229/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/neil-nitin-mukesh-starrer-ishqeria-delayed-yet-again/15048010|url-status=live}}</ref> and Manish Vatsalya's ''Dussehra'', where Mukesh will feature as an encounter specialist with [[Tena Desae]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh an encounter specialist in 'Dussehra'|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/neil-nitin-mukesh-an-encounter-specialist-in-dussehra_130781.html|publisher=Zee News|date=26 March 2013|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715004213/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/neil-nitin-mukesh-an-encounter-specialist-in-dussehra_130781.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He debuted in [[Tamil cinema]] with [[AR Murugadoss]]'s ''[[Kaththi]]''. He also acted in [[Sooraj R. Barjatya]]'s 2015 family drama ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' with [[Salman Khan]] and [[Sonam Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Johnny Gaddar' inspired my look in 'Kaththi': Neil Nitin Mukesh|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/johnny-gaddar-inspired-my-look-in-kaththi-neil-nitin-mukesh_158297.html|publisher=Zee News|date=14 July 2014|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715004341/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/johnny-gaddar-inspired-my-look-in-kaththi-neil-nitin-mukesh_158297.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He also made a guest appearance in ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''.

In November 2018, he turned producer with ''[[Bypass Road (film)|Bypass Road]]'', a thriller-drama film directed by his brother Naman Nitin Mukesh and written by himself.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/neil-nitin-mukeshs-debut-production-venture-bypass-road-gets-an-auspicious-start/articleshow/65844346.cms|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh's debut production venture 'Bypass Road' gets an auspicious start|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917183356/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/neil-nitin-mukeshs-debut-production-venture-bypass-road-gets-an-auspicious-start/articleshow/65844346.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/aug/12/neil-nitin-mukesh-thriller-bypass-road-to-release-in-november-2017925.html|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh thriller 'Bypass Road' to release in November|website=The New Indian Express|date=12 August 2019 |access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924085242/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/aug/12/neil-nitin-mukesh-thriller-bypass-road-to-release-in-november-2017925.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, he appeared in ''[[Saaho]]'', a multilingual film directed by [[Sujeeth]], playing an antagonist Jai aka Ashok Chakravarty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/saaho-interesting-facts-about-the-prabhas-and-shraddha-kapoor-starrer/-mandira-bedi-and-neil-nitin-mukesh-in-negative-roles/photostory/60526112.cms|title=Mandira Bedi and Neil Nitin Mukesh in negative roles – Saaho: Interesting facts about the Prabhas and Shraddha Kapoor starrer – The Times of India|date=15 September 2017|website=The Times of India|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831035306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/saaho-interesting-facts-about-the-prabhas-and-shraddha-kapoor-starrer/-mandira-bedi-and-neil-nitin-mukesh-in-negative-roles/photostory/60526112.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2024, he acted in [[Ashwni Dhir]]'s ''[[Hisaab Barabar]]'', a social drama, and Ashok K. Mishra's ''Backfire''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=R Madhavan and Neil Nitin Mukesh starrer Hisaab Barabar to premiere at 55th IFFI on Nov 26, 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/r-madhavan-neil-nitin-mukesh-starrere-hisaab-barabar-premiere-55th-iffi-nov-26-2024/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=14 November 2024 |access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref>

In 2025, he appeared in the TV series ''[[Hai Junoon!]]'', as well as the film ''[[Ek Chatur Naar]]''.<ref name="TOI_HaiJunoon"/>

== Personal life ==
In 2017, Mukesh married Rukmini Sahay.

In April 2018, Neil Nitin Mukesh announced via Instagram that the couple were expecting their first child. A daughter, Nurvi Neil Mukesh, was born on 20 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-neil-nitin-mukesh-welcomes-daughter-nurvi-neil-mukesh-home-see-pics-2666758|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh welcomes daughter Nurvi Neil Mukesh home, See pics|first=DNA Web|last=Team|date=23 September 2018|website=DNA India}}</ref>

== Other ventures ==

=== Social activism ===
In 2009, Mukesh started an NGO to support and help needy women by providing them with food, shelter and vocational training to support themselves. The philanthropic project was named for his grandmother, Saral Devi Mathur. The actor said: "I have read about women getting oppressed, exploited by men and other family members. They get sold like commodities and are driven into prostitution. I'm always pained to hear all this and at the back of my mind I had thought that I would start an organisation to support such women."<ref>{{cite news|title=Neil champions the cause of women|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_neil-champions-the-cause-of-women_1326383|newspaper=DNA India|access-date=19 September 2012|archive-date=25 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225183001/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_neil-champions-the-cause-of-women_1326383|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, he joined with [[Volkswagen]] in support of an environmental campaign called "Think Blue", an initiative increasing awareness of [[water scarcity]] and other pressing ecological issues.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neil supports environment awareness campaign|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/videos/entertainment/20/neil-supports-environment-awareness-campaign/9419|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=19 September 2012}}</ref>

=== Award ceremony participation ===
Mukesh participated in the Hiru Golden Film Awards 2016 in [[Sri Lanka]] as a special guest, along with Bollywood actors such as [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Jackie Shroff]], and actresses [[Sridevi]], [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Karishma Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hirugoldenfilmawards.lk/|title=Hiru Golden Film Awards|access-date=5 September 2016|publisher=hirugoldenfilmawards.hirutv.lk|archive-date=20 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220065436/http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2011/10/09/lux-beauty-ambassadors-over-the-years|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]''
| Young Vikram
|Child artist
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii]]''
| Young Ravi Verma
|Child artist
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge]]''
|{{n/a}}
|Assistant director
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]''
| Vikram / Johnny G
|Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
| ''[[Aa Dekhen Zara]]''
| Ray Acharya
|
|-
| ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]''
| Omar Aijaz
| Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Jail (2009 film)|Jail]]''
| Parag Dixit
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
| ''[[Lafangey Parindey]]''
| Nandan Kamthekar
|
|-
| ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Johnny]]''
| Parvez
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]''
| Major Edwin Rodriques
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Players (2011 film)|Players]]''
| Spider
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
| ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]''
| David and his son
|
|-
| ''[[3G (2013 film)|3G]]''
| Sam
|
|-
| ''[[Shortcut Romeo]]''
| Sooraj
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Kaththi]]''
| Chirag
| Tamil film; Nominated{{Dash}}[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Actor in a Negative Role – Tamil]]
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]''
| Yuvraj Ajay Singh
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
| Wazir
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Indu Sarkar]]''
| [[Sanjay Gandhi]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-to-play-Sanjay-Gandhi-in-Madhur-Bhandarkars-next/articleshow/55582057.cms|title=Neil Nitin Mukesh to play Sanjay Gandhi in Madhur Bhandarkar's next|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 November 2016|archive-date=23 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123200456/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Neil-Nitin-Mukesh-to-play-Sanjay-Gandhi-in-Madhur-Bhandarkars-next/articleshow/55582057.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Golmaal Again]]''
| Nikhil
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
| ''[[Ishqeria]]''
| Raghav
|
|-
| ''[[Dassehra (film)|Dassehra]]''
| Rudra Pratap Singh
|
|-
| ''[[Kavacham (2018 film)|Kavacham]]''
|Vikramaditya
| [[Telugu film]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
| ''[[Saaho]]''
|Jai / Ashok Chakravarthy
|Simultaneously shot in Telugu
|-
|''[[Bypass Road (film)|Bypass Road]]''
| Vikram Kapoor
| Also producer
|-
|2024
|''[[Hisaab Barabar]]''
|Micky Mehta
|<ref>{{cite news |title=R Madhavan and Neil Nitin Mukesh starrere Hisaab Barabar to premiere at 55th IFFI on Nov 26, 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/r-madhavan-neil-nitin-mukesh-starrere-hisaab-barabar-premiere-55th-iffi-nov-26-2024/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=14 November 2024 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| ''[[Ek Chatur Naar]]''
| Abhishek Verma
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Ek Chatur Naar trailer: Divya Khossla and Neil Nitin Mukesh try to outsmart each other in quirky thriller. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ek-chatur-naar-trailer-divya-khossla-and-neil-nitin-mukesh-try-to-outsmart-each-other-in-quirky-thriller-watch-101756109207163.html |work=Hindustan Times |agency=ANI |date=25 August 2025 |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2026
| {{pending film|Khalifa}}
|
|[[Malayalam film]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neil Nitin Mukesh debuts Malayalam film industry with ‘Khalifa’; Prithviraj Sukumaran welcomes the actor with new poster |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neil-nitin-mukesh-debuts-malayalam-film-industry-with-khalifa-prithviraj-sukumaran-welcomes-the-actor-with-new-poster/articleshow/126543904.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=15 January 2026 |access-date=15 January 2026}}</ref>
|}

Television
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
! colspan="3" |Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2025
| colspan="3" |[[Hai Junoon!|''Hai Junoon!'']]
|Gagan Ahuja
|<ref name="TOI_HaiJunoon">{{Cite news |title=Neil Nitin Mukesh and Jacqueline Fernandez's 'Hai Junoon' announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/neil-nitin-mukesh-and-jacqueline-fernandezs-hai-junoon-announced/articleshow/120388907.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=17 April 2025 |access-date=18 October 2025}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Result
|-
|rowspan="06"|2008
!scope="row"|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Star Debut of the Year – Male]]
| rowspan="06"|''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|Special Award (Critics)
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Male Debut|Most Promising Newcomer – Male]]
|rowspan="1" {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Stardust Awards]]
|[[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Male|Superstar of Tomorrow – Male]]
|rowspan="1" {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards]]
|[[Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
|rowspan="1" {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| rowspan="1"|''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012
!scope="row"|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| rowspan="1" |''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|2015
!scope="row"|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Negative Role
| rowspan="1" |''[[Kaththi]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2017
!scope="row"|[[IIFA Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Villain]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Wazir (film)|''Wazir'']]
|{{nom}}
|-
|2020
! scope="row" |[[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]
|Favorite Supporting Actor – Male
|''[[Saaho]]''
|{{won}}
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
* [[List of Indian film actors]]
{{-}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1778703}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukesh, Neil Nitin}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati actors]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards Telugu winners]]

Roy (singer)

2026-02-10T03:23:42Z

AuroraMackellar: adding new stub.

{{short description|Indian singer and music director (born 1992)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=June 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Roy
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place = [[Haridwar]], India
| origin =
| genre = [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Indi-pop]]
| occupations = Singer, Music Producer, Music Director, Sound Engineer, Mix-Master Engineer.
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] [[Zee Music Company]]
| years_active = 2016–present
| website =
}}

'''Roy''' is an Indian singer, [[Audio engineer|sound engineer]], and [[music director]].<ref name="opinionpost">{{cite web|url=http://www.opinionpost.in/will-reign-over-the-hearts-of-pitun-bunty-babli-6234-2/|title=दिलों पर राज करेगा पीटूं का 'बंटी-बबली'|website=Opinion Post|date=16 September 2016 |accessdate=2018-04-21}}</ref>

== Career ==
Roy collaborated with the Lyricist and director, Sheel, and released his debut single "Bunty Bubbly", a fusion of Hindi and Haryanvi in February 2017 with [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|T-Series]].<ref name="punjabijagran">{{cite web|url=http://epaper.punjabijagran.com/1353647/Ludhiana/LUDHIANA:-Punjabi-jagran-News-:-12th-September-2017#page/13/1|website=epaper.punjabijagran.com|title=Jagran Prakashan Ltd Ludhiana, Tue, 12 Sep 17|accessdate=2018-04-21}}</ref>

Later in the same year, Roy released his second single "Roothe yaar". This song was directed by director Sheel and was released on [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

In 2018, the single "Raanjhnaa" was released, featuring a music video both written and directed by Sheel.<ref name="punjabijagran" /> The song was released by T-Series on 18 April 2018.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Label
!Ref
|-
|2023
|Haye Ve Haye
|
|
|-
|2023
|Haye Ni
|
|
|-
|2023
|Gunaah
|
|
|-
|2023
|Bandaa Title Track (from "''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]")''
|Zee5
|
|-
|2022
|Akhiyaan
|
|
|-
|2022
|Us
|
|
|-
|2022
|Maahi Sohna
|
|
|-
|2022
|Admirer
|
|
|-
|2022
|Background Score for ''[[Mister Mummy]]''
|
|
|-
|2022
|Bachchhan Paandey Instrumental for ''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]''
|
|
|-
|2022
|Kaali Teri Gutt (from "''[[Phone Bhoot]]")''
|
|
|-
|2018
|Raanjhnaa
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|<ref name="radioandmusic">{{cite web |title=Roy's 'Raanjhnaa' is an eternal love tale |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180418-roys-raanjhnaa-eternal-love-tale |accessdate=2018-04-21 |website=Radioandmusic.com}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Roothe Yaar
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|<ref name="newznew">{{cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Singer Roy reached Ludhiana for the promotion of his debut Punjabi song – Ruthey Yaar |url=http://newznew.com/singer-roy-reached-ludhiana-for-the-promotion-of-his-debut-punjabi-song-ruthey-yaar/ |accessdate=2018-04-21 |website=NewZNew}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Bunty Bubbly
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy}}

[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Indian record producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2026-01-28T14:57:46Z

AuroraMackellar: brief expand formatting per standard format and added references

{{Short description|One of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
| image = Nobel Prize.png
| alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.
| awarded_for = Discoveries in physiology or medicine that led to benefit for humankind
| location = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| presenter = [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]]
| reward = 11 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]] (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=The Nobel Prize |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| year = {{Start date and age|1901}}
| holder = [[Mary E. Brunkow]], [[Fred Ramsdell]], and [[Shimon Sakaguchi]] (2025)
| holder_label = Most recent recipients
| website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/|nobelprize.org/medicine}}
| previous = [[Template:2024 Nobel Prize winners|2024]]
| main = [[Template:2025 Nobel Prize winners|2025]]
| next = [[Template:2026 Nobel Prize winners|2026]]
}}

The '''Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine'''{{Efn|{{langx|sv|text=Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin}}}} is awarded yearly by the [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute|Nobel Assembly]] at the [[Karolinska Institute]] for outstanding discoveries in [[physiology]] or [[medicine]]. It is one of the five [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Prizes]] prizes that, in accordance with [[Alfred Nobel]]'s 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], Medicine or Physiology, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. A sixth prize, for [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economic Sciences]], was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) in memory of Alfred Nobel.

The Nobel Prize is presented annually on the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, 10 December. As of 2024, 116 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded to 232 [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine| laureates]], 218 men and 14 women. The first one was awarded in 1901 to the German physiologist, [[Emil von Behring]], for his work on [[blood plasma|serum]] therapy and the development of a [[vaccine]] against [[diphtheria]]. The first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, [[Gerty Cori]], received it in 1947 for her role in elucidating the [[metabolism]] of [[glucose]], important in many aspects of medicine, including treatment of [[diabetes]]. The most recent Nobel prize was announced by the Nobel Assembly at [[Karolinska Institute|Karolinska Institutet]] on 6 October 2025, and has been awarded to Americans [[Mary E. Brunkow]] and [[Fred Ramsdell]], and Japanese scientist [[Shimon Sakaguchi]], for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance and regulatory T cells.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/press-release/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

The prize consists of [[Nobel Prize medal|a medal]] along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award. The [[obverse|front side]] of the medal displays the same profile of [[Alfred Nobel]] depicted on the medals for Physics, Chemistry, and Literature; the reverse side is unique to this medal.

Some awards have been controversial. This includes one to [[António Egas Moniz]] in 1949 for the [[lobotomy|prefrontal lobotomy]], bestowed despite protests from the medical establishment. Other controversies resulted from disagreements over who was included in the award. The 1952 prize to [[Selman Waksman]] was litigated in court, and half the patent rights were awarded to his co-discoverer [[Albert Schatz (scientist)|Albert Schatz]] who was not recognised by the prize. Nobel prizes cannot be awarded [[Posthumous award|posthumously]]. Also, no more than three recipients can receive a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, a limitation that is sometimes discussed because of an increasing trend for larger teams to conduct important scientific projects.

== Background ==
[[File:AlfredNobel adjusted.jpg|thumb|Nobel was interested in experimental physiology and set up his own laboratories.]]{{Main|Nobel Prize}}
[[Alfred Nobel]] was born on 21 October 1833 in [[Stockholm]], Sweden, into a family of engineers.<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 5</ref> He was a chemist, engineer and inventor who amassed a fortune during his lifetime, most of it from his 355 inventions, of which [[dynamite]] is the most famous.<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 11</ref> He was interested in experimental physiology and set up his own labs in France and Italy to conduct experiments in blood transfusions. Keeping abreast of scientific findings, he was generous in his donations to [[Ivan Pavlov]]'s laboratory in Russia and was optimistic about the progress resulting from scientific discoveries made in laboratories.<ref name="Feldman237-238">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], pp. 237–238</ref>


In 1888, Nobel was surprised to read his own obituary, titled "The Merchant of death Is Dead", in a French newspaper. As it happened, it was Nobel's brother [[Ludvig Nobel|Ludvig]] who had died, but Nobel, unhappy with the content of the obituary and concerned that his legacy would reflect poorly on him, was inspired to change his will.<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine | first = Frederic | last = Golden | title = The Worst and the Brightest | date = 16 October 2000 | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,998209,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071103153942/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,998209,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 November 2007 | access-date =9 April 2010}}</ref> In his last will, Nobel requested that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[peace]], [[physiology]] or medicine, and literature.<ref name="BBCHistory">{{cite web |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml |title = History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896) |magazine=[[BBC History]] |access-date = 15 January 2010 |archive-date = 2 September 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130902104414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml |url-status = live }}</ref> Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died in 1896 at the age of 63.<ref>{{cite book |last = Sohlman |first = Ragnar |title = The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes |year = 1983 |publisher = The Nobel Foundation |edition = First |isbn = 978-0-370-30990-3 |author-link = Ragnar Sohlman |page = 13}}</ref> Because his will was contested, it was not approved by the [[Parliament of Norway|Storting]] (Norwegian Parliament) until 26 April 1897.<ref name="Levinovitz13">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 13</ref>

After Nobel's death, the [[Nobel Foundation]] was set up to manage the assets of the bequest.<ref name="nobelfoundation">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/index.html |title = The Nobel Foundation |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 22 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060701202001/http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/index.html |archive-date = 1 July 2006}}</ref> In 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created [[statute]]s were promulgated by Swedish King [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]].<ref name="thelocal1">AFP, [http://www.thelocal.se/14776/20091005/ "Alfred Nobel's last will and testament"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009110708/http://www.thelocal.se/14776/20091005/ |date=9 October 2009 }}, ''[[The Local]]''(5 October 2009): accessed 20 January 2010.</ref><ref name="Levinovitz14">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 26</ref> According to Nobel's will, the [[Karolinska Institute]] in Sweden, a medical school and research centre, is responsible for the Prize in Physiology or Medicine.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.infoplease.com/spot/nobel-prize-history.html |title = Nobel Prize History |publisher = Infoplease.com |date = 13 October 1999 |access-date = 15 January 2010 |archive-date = 26 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130426043912/http://www.infoplease.com/spot/nobel-prize-history.html |url-status = live }}</ref>   Today, the prize is commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine.<ref name="Levinovitz112">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 112</ref>

== Nomination and selection ==
[[File:MedicineNobelBack.jpg|thumb|The reverse side of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]]

It was important to Nobel that the prize be awarded for a "discovery" and that it be of "greatest benefit on mankind".<ref name="Lindsten">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/lindsten-ringertz-rev/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1901–2000 |last = Lindsten |first = Jan |author2 = Nils Ringertz |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 11 July 2010 |archive-date = 3 December 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081203130152/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/lindsten-ringertz-rev/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Per the provisions of the will, only select persons are eligible to nominate individuals for the award. These include members of academies around the world, professors of medicine in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Finland, as well as professors of selected universities and research institutions in other countries. Past Nobel laureates may also nominate.<ref>{{cite book |last = Foundation Books National Council of Science |title = Nobel Prize Winners in Pictures |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_K2RaFgFPCUC |year = 2005 |publisher = Foundation Books |isbn = 978-81-7596-245-3 |page = viii |access-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-date = 20 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200620115338/https://books.google.com/books?id=_K2RaFgFPCUC |url-status = live }}</ref> Until 1977, all professors of Karolinska Institute together decided on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. That year, changes in Swedish law forced the institute to make public any documents pertaining to the Nobel Prize, and it was considered necessary to establish a legally independent body for the Prize work. Therefore, the Nobel Assembly was constituted, consisting of 50 professors at Karolinska Institute. It elects the [[Nobel Committee]] with five members who evaluate the nominees, the Secretary who is in charge of the organisation, and each year ten adjunct members to assist in the evaluation of candidates. In 1968, a provision was added that no more than three persons may share a Nobel prize.<ref name="Levinovitz17">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 17</ref>

True to its mandate, the committee has chosen researchers working in the basic sciences over those who have made [[applied science]] contributions. [[Harvey Cushing]], a pioneering American [[neurosurgeon]] who identified [[Cushing's syndrome]], was not awarded the prize, nor was [[Sigmund Freud]], as his [[psychoanalysis]] lacks hypotheses that can be experimentally confirmed.<ref name="Feldman238">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], p. 238</ref> The public expected [[Jonas Salk]] or [[Albert Sabin]] to receive the prize for their development of the [[polio vaccine]]s, but instead the award went to [[John Enders]], [[Thomas Huckle Weller|Thomas Weller]], and [[Frederick Robbins]] whose basic discovery that the polio virus could reproduce in monkey cells in laboratory preparations made the vaccines possible.<ref name="bishop">{{cite book |last = Bishop |first = J. Michael |title = How to Win the Nobel Prize: An Unexpected Life in Science |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jJqgBtk58akC |year = 2004 |publisher = Harvard University Press |isbn = 978-0-674-01625-5 |pages = 23–24 |access-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200608161624/https://books.google.com/books?id=jJqgBtk58akC |url-status = live }}</ref>

Through the 1930s, there were frequent prize laureates in classical [[physiology]], but after that, the field began fragmenting into specialities. The last classical physiology laureates were [[John Eccles (neurophysiologist)|John Eccles]], [[Alan Hodgkin]], and [[Andrew Huxley]] in 1963 for their findings regarding "unitary electrical events in the central and peripheral nervous system."<ref name="Feldman239">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], p. 239</ref>

== Prizes ==
A Medicine or Physiology Nobel Prize laureate earns a [[gold medal]], a diploma bearing a [[citation]], and a sum of money.<ref>{{cite web |author = Tom Rivers |date = 10 December 2009 |url = https://www.voanews.com/a/article-2009-nobel-laureates-receive-their-honors-78989292/368898.html |title = 2009 Nobel Laureates Receive Their Honors |publisher = Voice of America |access-date = 15 January 2010 |archive-date = 4 October 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004132331/http://www.voanews.com/content/article-2009-nobel-laureates-receive-their-honors-78989292/368898.html |url-status = live }}</ref> These are awarded during the prize ceremony at the [[Stockholm Concert Hall]].

=== Medals ===
{{Main|Nobel Prize medal#Physiology and Medicine}}
[[File:Nobel prize medal for medicine, Sweden, 1945, to Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) who discovered Penicillin. On display at the National Museum of Scotland.jpg|thumb|[[Alexander Fleming]]'s 1945 [[Nobel Prize medal]] for Physiology or Medicine on display at the [[National Museum of Scotland]], Edinburgh.]]

The Physiology or Medicine medal has a portrait of [[Alfred Nobel]] in left profile on the [[obverse and reverse|obverse]].<ref name='NobelUnique'>{{cite web|title=A unique gold medal|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s|archive-date=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref> The medal was designed by [[Erik Lindberg]].<ref name='NobelUnique'/> The reverse of the medal depicts the 'Genius of Medicine holding an open book in her lap, collecting the water pouring out from a rock in order to quench a sick girl's thirst'.<ref name='NobelMedicine'>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize medal in physiology or medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152940/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archive-date=16 April 2023|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref> It is inscribed "{{lang|la|Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes}}" ("It is beneficial to have improved (human) life through discovered arts") an adaptation of "{{lang|la|inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes}}" from line 663 from book 6 of the ''[[Aeneid]]'' by the Roman poet [[Virgil]].<ref name='NobelMedicine'/> A plate below the figures is inscribed with the name of the recipient. The text "REG. UNIVERSITAS MED. CHIR. CAROL." denoting the [[Karolinska Institute]] is also inscribed on the reverse.<ref name='NobelMedicine'/>

Between 1902 and 2010 the Nobel Prize medals were struck by the [[Myntverket]], the Swedish royal [[Mint (facility)|mint]], located in [[Eskilstuna]]. In 2011 the medals were made by the Det Norske Myntverket in [[Kongsberg]]. The medals have been made by Svenska Medalj in [[Eskilstuna]] since 2012.<ref name='NobelUnique'/>

=== Diplomas ===
Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the [[King of Sweden]]. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate who receives it. In the case of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, that is the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute. Well-known artists and calligraphers from Sweden are commissioned to create it.<ref name="nobelprize5">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/ |title = The Nobel Prize Diplomas |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 15 January 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060701201519/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/ |archive-date = 1 July 2006}}</ref> The diploma contains a picture and text which states the name of the laureate and a citation as to why they received the prize.<ref name="nobelprize5" />

=== Award money ===
At the awards ceremony, the laureate is given a document indicating the award sum. The amount of the cash award may differ from year to year, based on the funding available from the [[Nobel Foundation]]. For example, in 2009 the total cash awarded was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million),<ref name="nobelprize2">{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but in 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/06/11/world/europe/nobel-prize-cut/index.html|title=Nobel prize amounts to be cut 20% in 2012|publisher=CNN|date=11 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709002611/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|archive-date=9 July 2012}}</ref> If there are two laureates in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients, but if there are three, the awarding committee may opt to divide the grant equally, or award half to one recipient and a quarter to each of the two others.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|title=Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2009|access-date=15 January 2010|location=London|first=Ian|last=Sample|archive-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060257/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ian|last=Sample|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel |title=Three share Nobel prize for physics |work=The Guardian |date=7 October 2008 |access-date=10 February 2010 |location=London |archive-date=1 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601140728/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Landes|url=http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|title=Americans claim Nobel economics prize|work=Thelocal.se|date=12 October 2009|access-date=15 January 2010|archive-date=20 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105624/http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/press.html |title=The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics |publisher=Nobel Foundation |date=6 October 2009 |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-date=19 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119013135/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/press.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Ceremony and banquet ===
The awards are bestowed at a gala ceremony followed by a banquet.<ref name="local">{{cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/ |title=Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala |date=10 December 2009 |work=The Local |access-date=22 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215055502/http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/ |archive-date=15 December 2009 }}</ref> The Nobel Banquet is an extravagant affair with the menu, planned months ahead of time, kept secret until the day of the event. The Nobel Foundation chooses the menu after tasting and testing selections submitted by selected chefs of international repute. Currently, it is a three-course dinner, although it was originally six courses in 1901. Each Nobel Prize laureate may bring up to 16 guests. Sweden's royal family attends, and typically the Prime Minister and other members of the government attend as well as representatives of the Nobel family.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860 |title = Nobel Laureates dinner banquet tomorrow at Stokholm [sic] City Hall |date = 9 December 2009 |work = DNA |access-date = 18 June 2010 |archive-date = 21 January 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030656/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860 |url-status = live }}</ref>

== Laureates ==
{{Main list|List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
}}
[[File:Emil von Behring sitzend.jpg|thumb|right|[[Emil von Behring]] received the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.<ref name="Feldman242">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], p. 242</ref>]]

The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1901 to the German physiologist [[Emil Adolf von Behring]].<ref name="Feldman242">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], p. 242</ref> Behring's discovery of [[serum therapy]] in the development of the diphtheria and tetanus vaccines put "in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 Emil von Behring |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 1 July 2010 |archive-date = 16 July 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070716232500/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Behring">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/behring/index.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080513155541/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/behring/index.html |archive-date = 13 May 2008 |title = Emil von Behring: The Founder of Serum Therapy |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 1 July 2010}}</ref> In 1902, the award went to [[Ronald Ross]] for his work on malaria, "by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 Ronald Ross |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 20 June 2010 |archive-date = 8 July 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708162756/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref> He identified the mosquito as the transmitter of malaria, and worked tirelessly on measures to prevent malaria worldwide.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url = https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510100/Sir-Ronald-Ross |title = Sir Ronald Ross |encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date = 20 June 2010 |archive-date = 15 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100715111654/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510100/Sir-Ronald-Ross |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 Ronald Ross |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 21 June 2010 |archive-date = 29 April 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120429234011/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html |url-status = live }}</ref> The 1903 prize was awarded to [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]], the first Faroese laureate, "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially [[lupus vulgaris]], with [[phototherapy|concentrated light radiation]], whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 1 July 2010 |archive-date = 8 July 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192441/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/press.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen – Award Ceremony Speech |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 1 July 2010 |archive-date = 16 October 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101016133338/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/press.html |url-status = live }}</ref> He died within a year after receiving the prize at the age of 43.<ref name="finsen">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/finsen-bio.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen – Biography |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 21 June 2010 |archive-date = 2 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170602002958/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/finsen-bio.html |url-status = live }}</ref> [[Ivan Pavlov]], whose work Nobel admired and supported, received the prize in 1904 for his work on the physiology of [[digestion]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 Ivan Pavlov |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 16 June 2010 |archive-date = 8 July 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708163017/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

[[File:Lorenz and Tinbergen1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nikolaas Tinbergen]] (left) and [[Konrad Lorenz]] (right) were awarded (with [[Karl von Frisch]]) for their discoveries concerning animal behaviour.<ref name="nobel-1973">{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 |access-date=28 July 2007 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192529/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Subsequently, those selecting the recipients have exercised wide latitude in determining what falls under the umbrella of Physiology or Medicine. The awarding of the prize in 1973 to [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]], [[Konrad Lorenz]], and [[Karl von Frisch]] for their observations of animal behavioural patterns could be considered a prize in the [[behavioural sciences]] rather than medicine or physiology.<ref name="Levinovitz112" /> Tinbergen expressed surprise in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech at "the unconventional decision of the Nobel Foundation to award this year's prize 'for Physiology or Medicine' to three men who had until recently been regarded as 'mere animal watchers'".<ref name="Tinbergen">{{cite journal |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/tinbergen-lecture.pdf |title = Ethology and Stress Diseases |last = Tinbergen |first = Nikolaas |journal = Science |date = 12 December 1973 |volume = 185 |issue = 4145 |pages = 20–7 |publisher = Nobel Foundation |doi = 10.1126/science.185.4145.20 |pmid = 4836081 |access-date = 16 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327093737/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/tinbergen-lecture.pdf |archive-date = 27 March 2009 |url-status = dead}}</ref>

[[File:Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg|upright|thumb|In 1947, [[Gerty Cori]] was the first woman to be awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicine.]]

Laureates have been awarded the Nobel Prize in a wide range of fields that relate to physiology or medicine. Prizes have recognized significant discoveries in areas as diverse as [[signal transduction]] through [[G protein|G proteins]], [[neurobiology]], and [[intermediary metabolism]]. As of 2025, a total of 116 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded to 232 individuals since 1901.<ref name="nervesignaling">{{cite web |title=Nobel Prizes in Nerve Signaling |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/nerve_signaling.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619102046/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/nerve_signaling.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |access-date=16 June 2010 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Awarders |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/lindsten-ringertz-rev/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203130152/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/lindsten-ringertz-rev/index.html |archive-date=3 December 2008 |access-date=21 November 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

Thirteen women have received the prize: [[Gerty Cori]] (1947), [[Rosalyn Yalow]] (1977), [[Barbara McClintock]] (1983), [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1986), [[Gertrude B. Elion]] (1988), [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] (1995), [[Linda B. Buck]] (2004), [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] (2008), [[Elizabeth H. Blackburn]] (2009), [[Carol W. Greider]] (2009), [[May-Britt Moser]] (2014), [[Tu Youyou]] (2015), [[Katalin Karikó]] (2023) and [[Mary E. Brunkow]] (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fuller-Wright |first=Liz |title=Princeton alumna Mary Brunkow *91 receives Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2025/10/06/princeton-alumna-mary-brunkow-91-receives-nobel-prize-physiology-or-medicine |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> Only one woman, Barbara McClintock, has received an unshared prize in this category, for the discovery of genetic [[transposon|transposition]].<ref name="factsmedprize">{{cite web |title=Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/shortfacts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725010741/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/shortfacts.html |archive-date=25 July 2010 |access-date=19 June 2010 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref><ref name="McClintock">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/mcclintock.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 Barbara McClintock |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 21 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100608225942/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/mcclintock.html |archive-date = 8 June 2010 |url-status = dead}}</ref>

[[Mario Capecchi]], [[Martin Evans]], and [[Oliver Smithies]] were awarded the prize in 2007 for the discovery of a [[gene targeting]] procedure (a type of [[genetic recombination]]) for introducing [[homologous recombination]] in mice, employing [[embryonic stem cell]]s through the development of the [[knockout mouse]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/inwinnerdex.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 20 June 2010 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Hansson">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/adv.html |title = The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Advanced Information |last = Hansson |first = Göran K |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 26 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101016091331/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/adv.html |archive-date = 16 October 2010}}</ref> In 2009, the Nobel Prize was awarded to [[Elizabeth Blackburn]], [[Carol W. Greider]] and [[Jack W. Szostak]] of the United States for discovering the process by which [[chromosome]]s are protected by [[telomere]]s (regions of repetitive [[DNA]] at the ends of chromosomes) and the enzyme [[telomerase]].<ref name="Wade">{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/06/science/06nobel.html |title = 3 Americans Share Nobel for Medicine |last = Wade |first = Nicholas |date = 5 October 2009 |newspaper = The New York Times |access-date = 22 June 2010 |archive-date = 19 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100619055249/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/06/science/06nobel.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

Rita Levi-Montalcini, an Italian [[neurology|neurologist]], who together with colleague [[Stanley Cohen (doctor)|Stanley Cohen]] and Lucas Pu, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of [[nerve growth factor]] (NGF), was the first Nobel laureate to reach the 100th birthday.<ref name="prizefacts">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html |title=Nobel Prize Facts |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202025710/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html |archive-date=2 February 2007 }}</ref>

Through 2025, the prize has been awarded to a single individual 40 times, shared by two laureates 35 times, and shared by three laureates 41 times (the maximum allowed).

=== Time factor and death ===
[[File:RMSt.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ralph M. Steinman]] was an inadvertent posthumous recipient of the Prize.]]

Because of the length of time that may pass before the significance of a discovery becomes apparent, some prizes are awarded many years after the initial discovery. [[Barbara McClintock]] made her discoveries in 1944, before the structure of the DNA molecule was known; she was not awarded the prize until 1983. Similarly, in 1916 [[Peyton Rous]] discovered the role of tumor viruses in chickens, but was not awarded the prize until 50 years later, in 1966.<ref name="Levinovitz114">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 114</ref>

Nobel laureate [[Carol Greider]]'s research leading to the prize was conducted over 20 years before. She noted that the passage of time is an advantage in the medical sciences, as it may take many years for the significance of a discovery to become apparent.<ref name="Dreifus">{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes |title = On Winning a Nobel Prize in Science |last = Dreifus |first = Claudia |date = 12 October 2009 |newspaper = The New York Times |access-date = 22 June 2010 |archive-date = 13 January 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120113163315/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes |url-status = live }}</ref> 

In 2011, Canadian immunologist [[Ralph M. Steinman]] was awarded the prize; however, unbeknownst to the committee, he had died three days before the announcement. The committee decided that since the prize was awarded "in good faith," it would be allowed to stand.

=== Controversial inclusions and exclusions ===
{{Main|Nobel Prize controversies}}

Some of the awards have been controversial. The person who was deserving of the 1923 prize for the discovery of [[insulin]] as a central hormone for controlling diabetes (awarded only a year after its discovery)<ref name="Judson291">{{cite book |last = Judson |first = Horace |title = The great betrayal: fraud in science |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Dhz_u1hgDmoC |year = 2004 |publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn = 978-0-15-100877-3 |page = 291 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> has been heatedly debated. It was shared between [[Frederick Banting]] and [[John Macleod (physiologist)|John Macleod]]; this infuriated Banting who regarded Macleod's involvement as minimal. Macleod was the department head at the [[University of Toronto]] but otherwise was not directly involved in the findings. Banting thought his laboratory partner [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]], who had shared in the laboratory work of discovery, should have shared the prize with him as well. In fairness, he decided to give half of his prize money to Best. Macleod on his part felt the biochemist [[James Collip]], who joined the laboratory team later, deserved to be included in the award and shared his prize money with him.<ref name="Judson291"/> Some maintain that [[Nicolae Paulescu]], a Romanian professor of physiology at the [[Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest]], was the first to isolate insulin, in 1916, although his pancrein was an impure aqueous extract unfit for human treatment similar to the one used previously by [[Israel Kleiner (biochemist)|Israel Kleiner]].<ref name="J. Nutrition 92">{{cite journal |url = http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/reprint/92/4/507.pdf |author = The American Institute of Nutrition |title = Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Nutrition |journal = Journal of Nutrition |volume = 92 |year = 1967 |page = 509 |access-date = 14 June 2012 |archive-date = 10 July 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200710113225/https://jn/article-abstract/92/4/507/4778409?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="nrjs">{{Cite journal |last = Paulesco |first = N. C. |journal = Archives Internationales de Physiologie |title = Recherche sur le rôle du pancréas dans l'assimilation nutritive. |volume = 17 |pages = 85–103 |date = 31 August 1921}}</ref><ref name="nrps">{{Cite journal |last = Lestradet |first = H. |journal = Diabetes & Metabolism |title = Le 75e anniversaire de la découverte de l'insuline |volume = 23 |issue = 1 |page = 112 |year = 1997 |url = http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/79613 |access-date = 1 September 2011 |archive-date = 11 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151011134251/http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/79613 |url-status = live }}</ref> When Banting published the paper that brought him the Nobel,<ref name="nrks">{{Cite journal |vauthors = Banting FG, Best CH |journal = Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine |title = The internal secretion of pancreas |volume = 7 |pages = 251–266 |year = 1922 |url = http://www.biology.buffalo.edu/courses/bio130/medler/banting.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100623223114/http://www.biology.buffalo.edu/courses/bio130/medler/banting.pdf |archive-date = 23 June 2010}}</ref> Paulescu already held a patent for his discovery (10 April 1922, patent no. 6254 (8322) "Pancreina şi procedeul fabricaţiei ei"/"Pancrein and the process of making it", from the Romanian Ministry of Industry and Trade).<ref name="nrms">{{Cite journal |last = Murray |first = Ian |journal = Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |title = Paulesco and the Isolation of Insulin|volume= 26|issue= 2 |pages= 150–157 |year = 1971 |pmid = 4930788 |doi = 10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.2.150}}</ref><ref name="nrns">{{Cite journal |last = Murray |first = Ian |journal = Scottish Medical Journal |title = The search for insulin |volume = 14 |issue = 8 |pages = 286–293 |year = 1969|pmid= 4897848|doi = 10.1177/003693306901400807 |s2cid = 44831000 }}</ref><ref name="nrqs">{{cite book |last=Pavel |first=I. |title=The Priority of N.C. Paulescu in the Discovery of Insulin |publisher=Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania |location=Bucharest |year=1976 |trans-title=Prioritatea lui N.C. Paulescu în descoperirea insulinei |oclc=4667283 |asin=B0000EH6G0}}</ref>

The Spanish neurophysiologist Fernando de Castro (1896–1967) was the first to describe arterial [[chemoreceptors]] and circumscribe them to the carotid body for the respiratory reflexes in 1926–1928. For many experts, this direct disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal deserved to share the Nobel Prize 1938 with the awarded Corneille Heymans, but at that time Spain was immersed in the Spanish Civil War and it seems that the Nobel Board even doubted if he was alive or not, being at the front since almost the beginning of the conflict. Heymans himself recognised the merits of De Castro for the Nobel Prize in different occasions, including a famous talk in Montevideo (Uruguay).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gonzalez |first1=Constancio |last2=Conde |first2=Silvia V. |last3=Gallego-Martín |first3=Teresa |last4=Olea |first4=Elena |last5=Gonzalez-Obeso |first5=Elvira |last6=Ramirez |first6=Maria |last7=Yubero |first7=Sara |last8=Agapito |first8=Maria T. |last9=Gomez-Niñno |first9=Angela |last10=Obeso |first10=Ana |last11=Rigual |first11=Ricardo |last12=Rocher |first12=Asunción |title=Fernando de Castro and the discovery of the arterial chemoreceptors |journal=Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |date=12 May 2014 |volume=8 |pages=25 |doi=10.3389/fnana.2014.00025 |pmid=24860435 |pmc=4026738 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:Montagnier-Barré-Sinoussi-zur Hausen-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-1.jpg|thumb|Scandal and controversy resulted from the 2008 award to [[Harald zur Hausen]] for the discovery of [[Human papillomavirus infection|HPV]], and to [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] and [[Luc Montagnier]] for discovering [[Human immunodeficiency virus|HIV]].]]

In 1949, despite protests from the medical establishment, the Portuguese neurologist [[António Egas Moniz]] received the Physiology or Medicine Prize for his development of the [[prefrontal leucotomy]], which he promoted by declaring the procedure's success just 10 days postoperative. Due largely to the publicity surrounding the award, it was prescribed without regard for modern [[medical ethics]]. Favourable results were reported by such publications as ''[[The New York Times]]''. It is estimated that around 40,000 lobotomies were performed in the United States before the procedure's popularity faded.<ref>{{cite book |title = The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness |last = El-Hai |first = Jack |year = 2005 |publisher = Wiley |isbn = 978-0-471-23292-6 |page = [https://archive.org/details/lobotomistmaveri0000elha/page/14 14] |url = https://archive.org/details/lobotomistmaveri0000elha/page/14 }}</ref> [[Rosemary Kennedy]], the sister of [[John F. Kennedy]], was subjected to the procedure by [[Joseph Kennedy|their father]]; it incapacitated her to the extent that she needed to be institutionalised for the rest of her life.<ref name="Feldman287">[[#Feldman|Feldman]], p. 287</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Day |first = Elizabeth |url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jan/13/neuroscience.medicalscience |title = He was bad, so they put an ice pick in his brain... |newspaper = The Guardian |access-date = 31 March 2010 |date = 12 January 2008 |archive-date = 20 October 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020075415/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jan/13/neuroscience.medicalscience |url-status = live }}</ref>

The 1952 prize, awarded solely to [[Selman Waksman]] for his discovery of [[streptomycin]], omitted the recognition some felt due to his co-discoverer [[Albert Schatz (scientist)|Albert Schatz]].<ref name="pharmj">{{cite journal|last=Ainsworth |first=Steve |title=Streptomycin: arrogance and anger |journal=The Pharmaceutical Journal |volume=276 |year=2006 |pages=237–238 |url=http://www.pharmj.com/pdf/articles/pj_20060225_streptomycin.pdf |access-date=22 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621142735/http://www.pharmj.com/pdf/articles/pj_20060225_streptomycin.pdf |archive-date=21 June 2007 }}</ref><ref name="Wainwright">Wainwright, Milton ''"A Response to William Kingston, "Streptomycin, Schatz versus Waksman, and the balance of Credit for Discovery""'', Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences – Volume 60, Number 2, April 2005, pp. 218–220, Oxford University Press.</ref> There was litigation brought by Schatz against Waksman over the details and credit of the streptomycin discovery; Schatz was awarded a substantial settlement, and, together with Waksman, Schatz was to be officially recognised as a co-discoverer of streptomycin as concerned patent rights. He is not a Nobel Prize laureate.<ref name="pharmj" />

The 1962 Prize awarded to [[James D. Watson]], [[Francis Crick]], and [[Maurice Wilkins]]—for their work on [[DNA]] structure and properties—did not recognise contributing work from others, such as [[Alec Stokes]] and [[Herbert Wilson]]. In addition, [[Erwin Chargaff]], [[Oswald Avery]], and [[Rosalind Franklin]] (whose key DNA [[x-ray crystallography]] work was the most detailed yet least acknowledged among the three)<ref name="franklin">{{cite web |url = https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/kr |title = The Rosalind Franklin Papers |last = U.S. National Library of Medicine |work = The DNA Riddle: King's College, London, 1951–1953 |publisher = USA.gov |access-date = 19 June 2010 |archive-date = 18 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100618060720/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KR/Views/Exhibit/narrative/dna.html |url-status = live }}</ref>{{page needed |date = March 2015}} contributed directly to the ability of Watson and Crick to solve the structure of the DNA molecule. Avery died in 1955, Franklin died in 1958 and [[Nobel Prize#Posthumous nominations|posthumous nominations]] for the Nobel Prize are not permitted. Files of Nobel Prize nominations show Franklin was not nominated when she was alive.<ref name="Fredholm">{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html |title = The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA – The Double Helix |last = Fredholm |first = Lotta |date = 30 September 2003 |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 16 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100619185453/http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html |archive-date = 19 June 2010 |url-status = dead}}</ref> As a result of Watson's misrepresentations of Franklin and her role in the discovery of the double helix in his book ''[[The Double Helix]]'', Franklin has come to be portrayed as a classic victim of sexism in science.<ref name="Holt">{{Cite magazine |url = http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/10/28/021028crbo_books |title = Photo Finish: Rosalind Franklin and the great DNA race. |magazine = The New Yorker |last = Holt |first = Jim |date = 28 October 2002 |access-date = 19 June 2010 |archive-date = 3 November 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101103024725/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/10/28/021028crbo_books |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title = The double helix and the 'wronged heroine' |author = Brenda Maddox |journal = Nature |volume = 421 |pages = 407–408 |date = 23 January 2003 |pmid = 12540909 |doi = 10.1038/nature01399 |issue = 6921 |bibcode = 2003Natur.421..407M |s2cid = 4428347 |doi-access = free }}</ref> Chargaff, for his part, was not quiet about his exclusion from the prize, bitterly writing to other scientists about his disillusionment regarding the field of molecular biology.<ref name="nytimesnobel">{{cite news |title = No Nobel Prize for Whining |author = Judson, Horace |date = 20 October 2003 |url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C02E4DE123EF933A15753C1A9659C8B63 |newspaper = The New York Times |access-date = 23 June 2010 |archive-date = 22 January 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090122060851/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C02E4DE123EF933A15753C1A9659C8B63 |url-status = live }}</ref>

The 2008 award went to [[Harald zur Hausen]] in recognition of his discovery that [[Human papillomavirus infection|human papillomavirus]] (HPV) can cause [[cervical cancer]], and to [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] and [[Luc Montagnier]] for discovering the [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier |publisher = Nobel Foundation |access-date = 20 June 2010 |archive-date = 9 August 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180809235758/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Whether [[Robert Gallo]] or Luc Montagnier deserved more credit for the discovery of the virus that causes AIDS has been a matter of [[Robert Gallo#HIV/AIDS research|considerable controversy]]. As it was, Gallo was left out and not awarded a prize.<ref name="science nobel">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cohen J, Enserink M |title = Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. HIV, HPV researchers honoured, but one scientist is left out |journal = Science |volume = 322 |issue = 5899 |pages = 174–5 |date = October 2008 |pmid=18845715 |doi = 10.1126/science.322.5899.174|s2cid = 206582472 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last = Enserink |first = Martin |author2 = Jon Cohen |date = 6 October 2008 |title = Nobel Prize Surprise |journal = Science Now |url = http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2008/10/06-01.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101212065201/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2008/10/06-01.html |archive-date = 12 December 2010}}</ref> Additionally, there was a scandal when it was learned that Harald zur Hausen was being investigated for having a financial interest in vaccines for the cervical cancer that HPV can cause. [[AstraZeneca]], which had a stake in two lucrative HPV vaccines could benefit financially from the prize, had agreed to sponsor Nobel Media and Nobel Web. According to Times Online, two senior figures in the selection process that chose zur Hausen also had strong links with AstraZeneca.<ref name="AstraZeneca">{{cite news |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article5367941.ece |title = AstraZeneca row as corruption claims engulf Nobel prize |last = Charter |first = David |date = 19 December 2008 |work = [[The Sunday Times]] |location = London |access-date = 22 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081219181143/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article5367941.ece |archive-date = 19 December 2008}}</ref>

=== Limits on number of awardees ===
The provision that restricts the maximum number of nominees to three for any one prize, introduced in 1968, has caused considerable controversy.<ref name="Levinovitz17" /><ref name="Levinovitz61">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 61</ref> From the 1950s onward, there has been an increasing trend to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to more than one person. There were 59 people who received the prize in the first 50 years of the last century, while 113 individuals received it between 1951 and 2000. This increase could be attributed to the rise of the international scientific community after World War II, resulting in more persons being responsible for the discovery, and nominated for, a particular prize. Also, current biomedical research is more often carried out by teams rather than by scientists working alone, making it unlikely that any one scientist, or even a few, is primarily responsible for a discovery;<ref name="bishop" /> this has meant that a prize nomination that would have to include more than three contributors is automatically excluded from consideration.<ref name="Levinovitz114" /> Also, deserving contributors may not be nominated at all because the restriction results in a cut-off point of three nominees per prize, leading to controversial exclusions.<ref name="Lindsten" />

== Years without awards ==
There have been nine years in which the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was not awarded (1915–1918, 1921, 1925, 1940–1942). Most of these occurred during either [[World War I]] (1914–1918) or [[World War II]] (1939–1945).<ref name="prizefacts"/> In 1939, [[Nazi Germany]] forbade [[Gerhard Domagk]] from accepting his prize.<ref name="Levinovitz23">[[#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 23</ref> He was later able to receive the diploma and medal but not the money.<ref name="prizefacts" /><ref>{{cite book |last = Wilhelm |first = Peter |title = The Nobel Prize |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNnZKHxQpO4C |year = 1983 |publisher = Springwood Books |isbn = 978-0-86254-111-8 |page = 85 |access-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200608122245/https://books.google.com/books?id=CNnZKHxQpO4C |url-status = live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of medicine awards]]
* [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xnckeeTICn0C |last = Feldman |first = Burton |title = The Nobel prize: a history of genius, controversy, and prestige |publisher = Arcade Publishing |year = 2001 |isbn = 978-1-55970-592-9 |ref = Feldman |access-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-date = 26 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200926111502/https://books.google.com/books?id=xnckeeTICn0C |url-status = live }}
* {{cite book |last = Levinovitz |first = Agneta Wallin |title = The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QMSg5mRJiukC |editor = Nils Ringertz |year = 2001 |publisher = [[Imperial College Press]] and [[World Scientific|World Scientific Publishing]] |isbn = 978-981-02-4664-8 |ref = Levinovitz |access-date = 8 June 2020 |archive-date = 28 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200828070030/https://books.google.com/books?id=QMSg5mRJiukC |url-status = live }}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last = Doherty |first = Peter |title = The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize: Advice for Young Scientists |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VqFnARWKeKUC&q=Nobel+prize |year = 2008 |publisher = Columbia University Press |isbn = 978-0-231-13897-0}}
* {{cite book |last = Leroy |first = Francis |title = A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8DjwaFWE4fYC |year = 2003 |publisher = CRC Press |isbn = 978-0-8247-0876-4 |ref = Leroy}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rifkind|first1=David |last2=Freeman|first2= Geraldine L. |title = The Nobel Prize winning discoveries in infectious diseases |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=d3wdy3b9VUkC |year = 2005 |publisher = Academic Press |isbn = 978-0-12-369353-2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine}}
{{Scholia|award}}
* [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/ All Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine] at the Nobel Foundation.
* [http://nobelprize.org Official site of the Nobel Foundation.]
* Graphics: National Medicine Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/med.html by citizenship at the time of the award] and [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/mednat.html by country of birth]. From [[Jürgen Schmidhuber|J. Schmidhuber]] (2010), [https://web.archive.org/web/20140327012415/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century] at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634 arXiv:1009.2634v1]

{{Nobel Medicine}}
{{Nobel Prizes}}
{{Branches of biology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine| ]]
[[Category:Nobel Prize|*Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:Karolinska Institute]]
[[Category:Medicine awards]]

List of mayors of Bhopal

2026-01-23T00:37:27Z

AuroraMackellar: adjusted details additionally for consistency

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox Political post
|post = Mayor
|body = [[Bhopal Municipal Corporation]]
|insignia =
|insigniasize =
|insigniacaption =
|image =
|incumbent = [[Malti Rai]]
|incumbentsince = 8 July 2022
|style =
|reportsto = Chief Minister
|residence = [[Bhopal]], Madhya Pradesh, India
|appointer =
|termlength = 5 years or till next Election
|formation = 1983
|succession =
|inaugural =
|website = }}

The '''Mayor of Bhopal''' is the leader of the city of [[Bhopal]] in Madhya Pradesh state of India. The mayor is the head of the [[Bhopal Municipal Corporation]]. The mayor is supported by a commissioner with executive powers.<ref name="Mayor" >{{cite web |title=Should mayors be directly elected? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Should-mayors-be-directly-elected/article14583765.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=27 October 2021 |language=en-IN |date=23 August 2016}}</ref> [[Malti Rai]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]] became the city's tenth mayor in 2022.<ref name="Malti Rai">{{Cite web |title=Mayor Malti Rai Takes Oath Of Office {{!}} Bhopal News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/mayor-malti-rai-takes-oath-of-office/articleshow/93402160.cms |date=2022-08-07 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==List of mayors==
{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Incomplete list|date=October 2021}}

[[Category:Mayors of places in Madhya Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bhopal|*Mayors]]
[[Category:Lists of mayors of places in India|Bhopal]]

Rani Rashmoni Green University

2026-01-10T23:23:43Z

AuroraMackellar: brief refined intro based on references and cleaned formatting to improve readability

{{Short description|University in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Rani Rashmoni Green University
|native_name = '''রাণী রাসমণি সবুজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়'''
|image = Rani Rashmoni Green University Logo.png
|image_size =
| motto = {{lang|sa|sā vidyā yā vimuktaye}}
| mottoeng = That is education which liberates
|established = {{start date and age|2018}}
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]
|vice_chancellor = Amiya Kumar Panda<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Poulami |date=2024-12-07 |title=Presi, 5 other univs get permanent VCs after govt sends list to guv |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/government-appoints-permanent-vcs-in-west-bengal-universities-ending-prolonged-standoff/articleshowprint/116056328.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] Dec 7, 2024, 12.32 AM IST}}</ref>
|city = [[Tarakeswar]], [[Hooghly district]]
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|country = India
|postcode =
|affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|coordinates =
|website = {{url|https://www.rrgu.in/}}
}}

'''Rani Rashmoni Green University''' is a public state university in [[Tarakeswar]], [[Hooghly district]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news|title=WB Green varsity to be renamed as Rani Rashmoni Green University|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/wb-green-varsity-to-be-renamed-as-rani-rashmoni-green-university-329159}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Notification for five universities formal launch|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/notification-for-five-universities-formal-launch-in-bengal/cid/1802265|access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> It was established in 2018 under the ''West Bengal Green University Act 2017''.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Green University Act, 2017|url=https://banglaruchchashiksha.wb.gov.in//assets/readwrite/uploads/THE_WEST_BENGAL_GREEN_UNIVERSITY_ACT_2017.pdf|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124170428/https://banglaruchchashiksha.wb.gov.in//assets/readwrite/uploads/THE_WEST_BENGAL_GREEN_UNIVERSITY_ACT_2017.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Green University (Amendment) Act 2018|url=https://banglaruchchashiksha.wb.gov.in//assets/readwrite/uploads/The_West_bengal_Green_University_Act_2018.pdf|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124170725/https://banglaruchchashiksha.wb.gov.in//assets/readwrite/uploads/The_West_bengal_Green_University_Act_2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=রানি রাসমণির নামে হুগলিতে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/howrah-hoogly/new-university-in-the-name-of-rani-rashmoni-in-hooghly-1.956553}}</ref> This university offers various courses across science and arts disciplines and holds recognition from the University Grants Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Establishment of Rani Rashmoni Green University|url=http://rrgu.org/Upload/UGCApproval/UGC_Approval.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622130309/http://rrgu.org/Upload/UGCApproval/UGC_Approval.pdf|archive-date=22 June 2021|access-date=4 June 2021|website=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]}}</ref>

==Departments==
Faculty of Arts :
Bengali, English

Faculty of Science:
Chemistry, Environmental Science, Computer Science, Nutrition and Public Health.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.rrgu.org/}}

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Hooghly topics}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2020]]
[[Category:Hooghly district]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:State universities in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-university-stub}}

GangapurCity district

2026-01-06T13:11:24Z

AuroraMackellar: starting a place

{{one source|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gangapur City
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|District]] of [[Rajasthan]]
| image_map =
| map_caption = Dhundheshwar Waterfall
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bharatpur division|Bharatpur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 2023 (cancelled in December 2024)
| seat_type = Headquarters
| website = {{url|https://gangapurcity.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome|Gangapur City District}}
| seat = [[Gangapur City]]
| leader_name1 = Sujeet Shankar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Administration : Gangapur City District |url=https://gangapurcity.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome |date= 26 June 2024}}</ref>
| total_type = Total
| area_total_km2 = 2536
| population_total = 9,20,340
| population_density_km2 = 362.91
| population_urban = 1,53,038
| timezone1 = UTC+05:30 (IST)
| leader_name = Dr. Gaurav Saini, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Administration : Gangapur City District |url=https://gangapurcity.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome |date= 26 June 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_title = [[District magistrate|District Collector & Magistrate]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official {{!}} Spoken
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] and [[Dhundhari]]
}}

'''Gangapur City district''' was a [[District]] of [[Rajasthan]] state in northwest [[India]]. [[Gangapur City]] was the district headquarter of it. It was come under [[Bharatpur division|Bharatpur Division]].
The district was established in 2023 and cancelled in December 2024.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gangapur City district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion – Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|91.17}}
{{bar percent|[[Rajasthani Muslims|Islam]]|green|8.36}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}}
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, what is now Gangapur City district has a population of 920,340. Gangapur City has a sex ratio of 875 females per 1000 males. 153,038 (16.63%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 192,321 (20.90%) and 226,406 (24.60%) of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 – Sawai Madhopur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1066/download/3278/DH_2011_0810_PART_A_DCHB_SAWAI_MADHOPUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><ref name="districtcensus2">{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 – Karauli |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1064/download/3270/DH_2011_0809_PART_A_DCHB_KARAULI.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Gangapur City district (2011)<ref name="language" />
|label1 = [[Hindi]] & [[Rajasthani language| Rajasthani]] |value1 = 97.67 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 1.61 |color2 = green
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.72 |color3 = grey
|thumb=left}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 97.67% of the population spoke [[Hindi]] & [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] and 1.61% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Rajasthan|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== 2024 updates ==
On 30 December 2024, the [[Government of Rajasthan]] officially cancelled 9 new districts including: Anupgarh, Dudu, Gangapur City, Jaipur Rural, Jodhpur Rural, Kekri, Neem Ka Thana, Sanchore, and Shahpura along with also cancelled the 3 newly created divisions (Sambhags) including: Banswara, Pali, and Sikar.<ref>{{cite news |title=गहलोत के बनाए 9 जिले-3 संभाग भजनलाल ने खत्म किए:21 महीने पहले बने थे; सरकार ने कहा- उपयोगिता नहीं थी, कांग्रेस बोली- फिर बनाएंगे |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/rajasthan-new-district-merger-update-134198307.html |access-date=28 December 2024 |agency=Dainik Bhaskar |date=28 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=9 new districts cancelled in Rajasthan; Gehlot slams government's confused decision-making {{!}} WATCH |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/rajasthan-district-division-reorganization-1.10203100 |access-date=28 December 2024 |work=English.Mathrubhumi |agency=Mathrubhumi |date=28 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gangapur City]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Rajasthan}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Districts of Rajasthan]]

Ali Asgar Lobi

2026-01-03T20:46:26Z

AuroraMackellar: Article enhanced with better details

#REDIRECT [[Mohammad Ali Asghar Lobby]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Kakinada Town railway station

2026-01-02T17:43:22Z

AuroraMackellar: fixed issues

{{Short description|Railway Station in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kakinada Town
| type = [[Commuter rail|Commuter]], [[Inter-city rail|Inter-city]] and [[Regional rail]] station
| image = KAKINADA STATION MAIN ENTRANCE.jpg
| image_caption = Entrance of Kakinada City Junction train station
| address = Valemuri Vari Veedhi, Rama Rao Peta, [[Kakinada]], [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.9672919|N|82.2329441|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| line = {{plainlist|
* [[Howrah–Chennai main line]]
* [[Samalkot–Kakinada Port branch line]]
}}
| distance =
| platforms = 4
| tracks = 8 {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = CCT
| zone = {{abbrlink|SCoR|South Coast Railway zone}}
| division = {{abbrlink|Vijayawada|Vijayawada railway division}}
}}
| classification = Non-Suburban Grade-3 (NSG-3)
| opened = {{Start date|1893|df=y}}
| closed = 
| former =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| years =
| events =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=South Coast Railway zone|left=Sarpavaram|right=Kakinada Port|type=[[Vijayawada–Chennai section]] of [[Howrah–Chennai main line]]}}
| map_type = India#India Andhra Pradesh
| map_size = 275
| map_caption = Location of Kakinada Town railway station
| route_map = {{Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line}}
| style = Indian Railways
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Kakinada Town railway station''' (station code:CCT)<ref>{{cite web|title=Station Code Index|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2015-16/Station_Code(1).pdf|website=Portal of Indian Railways|access-date=31 May 2017|page=45|format=PDF}}</ref> is an [[Indian Railways]] station in [[Kakinada]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It lies on [[Samalkot–Kakinada Port branch line]] of [[Howrah–Chennai main line]] and is administered under [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Coast Railway zone]] (formerly [[South Central Railway zone]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=21 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |archivedate=28 January 2016 |page=7 |format=PDF |date=28 January 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Classification ==
In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Kakinada Town is categorized as a ''Non-Suburban Grade-3 (NSG-3)'' railway station.<ref name="station_categories">{{cite web |title=Stations – Category-wise (NEW) |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,358,748,2213 |website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–3 category station earns between {{₹|20}}–{{₹|100}} [[crore]] and handles {{Nowrap|5–10 million}} passengers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categorization of Railway Stations |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174916 |website=Press Information Bureau |access-date=20 May 2019 |date=21 March 2018}}</ref>

The station has been selected for the ''Adarsh Station Scheme'', a scheme for upgradation of stations by the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Adarsh Railway Station Scheme |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=160499 |website=Press Information Bureau |access-date=24 May 2019 |date=5 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Adarsh Stations |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1527591252494-ADARSH%20STATIONS.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

== Originating express trains ==
{{see also|Kakinada Port railway station|lt=Originating express trains at Kakinada Port}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Train No.
!Train Name
!Destination
!Departure
!Running
!Route
|-
|07033
|Kakinada Town–Mysuru Special Fare Festival Special
|Mysuru Jn
|09:00
|Mon
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Nidadavolu Jn., Bhimavaram Town, Gudivada Jn., Vijayawada Jn., Guntur Jn., Secundrabad Jn., Lingampalli., Raichur Jn., Guntakal Jn., KSR Bengaluru City Jn.
|-
|07109
|Kakinada Town–Kottayam Special Fare Sabarimala Special
|Kottayam
|13:00
|Mon
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Nidadavolu Jn.,, Vijayawada Jn., Ongole., Nellore., Tirupati., Katpadi Jn., Salem Jn., Palakkad Jn., Ernakulam Town.
|-
|17250
|Kakinada Town–Tirupati Express
|Tirupati
|15:15
|All Days
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Nidadavolu Jn., Tadepalligudem, Eluru, Vijayawada Jn., Tenali Jn., Ongole, Nellore, Sri Kalahasti, Renigunta Jn.
|-
|17210
|[[Seshadri Express]]
|[[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal|Bengaluru SMVT]]
|17:25
|All Days
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Nidadavolu Jn., Bhimavaram Town, Gudivada Jn., Vijayawada Jn., Tenali Jn., Ongole, Nellore, Gudur Jn., Renigunta Jn., Tirupati, Chittor, Katpadi Jn., Jolarpettai, Kuppam
|-
|12775
|[[Cocanada AC Express|Cocanada Express]]
|[[Lingampalli railway station|Lingampalli]]
|20:20
|Tue, Thu, Sun
|Rajamundry, Bhimavaram Town, Gudivada Jn., Rayanapadu, Warangal, Secunderabad Jn.
|-
|07445
|Kakinada Town–Lingampalli Special
|Lingampalli
|20:10
|Mon, Wed, Fri
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Bhimavaram Town, Gudivada Jn., Vijayawada Jn., Guntur Jn., Nalgonda, Charlapalli.
|-
|07447
|Kakinada Town–Charlapalli Special
|Charlapalli.
|20:10
|Sat
|Samalkot Jn., Rajamundry, Bhimavaram Town, Gudivada Jn., Rayanapadu, Kazipet Jn.
|}

== Station amenities ==

It is one of the 38 stations in the division to be equipped with [[Ticket machine|Automatic Ticket Vending Machines]] (ATVMs).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |first1=Special |title=SCR introduces mobile paper ticketing facility in 38 stations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/SCR-introduces-mobile-paper-ticketing-facility-in-38-stations/article17099376.ece |access-date=5 May 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=27 January 2017 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kakinada Port railway station]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{East Godavari district}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1893]]
[[Category:Railway stations in East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Transport in Kakinada]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Balbir Singh (Punjab politician)

2025-12-23T00:16:58Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Balbir Singh Seechewal]], another Punjabi politician by the same name.}}

{{infobox officeholder
|name = Balbir Singh
|birth_date = 1957
|birth_place = [[Patiala]], India
|party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|father = Piyara Singh
| office = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Patiala Rural Assembly constituency|Patiala Rural]]
| predecessor = [[Brahm Mohindra]]
| term_start = 16 March 2022
| term_end =
| office1 = [[Mann ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Punjab (India)|Government of Punjab]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[Mann ministry]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 2blankname1 = Departments
| 2namedata1 = {{unbulleted list| Health and Family Welfare|Medical Education and Research|Elections}}
|predecessor1 = [[Chetan Singh Jauramajra]]
|successor1 =
|term_start1 = 7 January 2023
|term_end1 =
|office2 = Acting [[AAP Punjab#Convener|Convener of Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab]]
|term_start2 = 21 March 2018
|term_end2 = 31 January 2019
|predecessor2 = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
|successor2 = Bhagwant Mann
|office3 = Co-convener of Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab
|predecessor3 = [[Aman Arora]]
|successor3 = Aman Arora
|term_start3 = 21 March 2018
|term_end3 = 31 January 2019
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University]], [[Chandigarh]]
}}
'''Balbir Singh''' is an Indian politician from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], who belongs to Aam Aadmi Party.<ref name=Balbir>[https://myneta.info/punjab2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=796 Balbir Singh, candidate id]</ref> He has taken the oath of cabinet minister of Punjab and given the portfolio of Health and Family Welfare, Medical Education and Research and Elections on 7 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Dr Balbir is Punjab's new Health Minister |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/dr-balbir-is-punjabs-new-health-minister-468481 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Before entering politics, he retired as Associate Professor and is presently working as an Eye Surgeon at Patiala. He did his [[MBBS]] from [[Punjab University, Chandigarh]] in the year of 1979.<ref name=Balbir/>

He also participated, at the young age, in [[Bihar Movement|JP Movement]] in 1974 and in [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]]. Before [[2014 Indian general election]] he joined Aam Aadmi Party.<ref name=Tribune>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/save-your-seat-aap-nominee-dares-capt-328680 Save your seat AAP nominee dares captain]</ref>

==Political career==
He served as the caretaker Convener of Aam Aadmi Party of Punjab<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/dr-balbir-to-run-state-aap-561022 Dr. Balbir Singh to run State AAP]</ref> after Party’s National Convener [[Arvind Kejriwal]]'s apology from [[Bikram Singh Majithia]]. After the apology, both the Convener and Co-Convener of Party, [[Bhagwant Mann]] and [[Aman Arora]] respectively, resigned from their posts. Upon this, Balbir Singh was appointed the Co-convener and caretaker Convener of Party’s Punjab unit.<ref name=Times>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/once-at-the-helm-aaps-co-convener-is-missing-from-action/articleshow/68542413.cms Once at helm AAP co-convener is missing from action]</ref>

In [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], Party announced him as candidate against [[Amarinder Singh]] from [[Patiala Rural Assembly constituency]] but he lost and stood at second place with more than 20,000 votes.<ref>[https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/punjab/patiala-rural/ Assembly election 2017, Punjab, Patiala Rural]</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Patiala Rural Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Privileges|Committee on Privileges]]<ref name="Committee on Privileges">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=28&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Local Bodies|Committee on Local Bodies]]<ref name="Committee on Local Bodies">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514033512/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Patiala Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Patiala Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2017}}

{{transcluded section|source=Patiala Rural Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Patiala Rural Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Balbir}}
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party candidates in the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]

{{AAP-politician-stub}}

Shivananda

2025-12-05T12:36:43Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{Short description|Hindu spiritual leader, disciple of Ramakrishna}}
{{For|the founder of the Divine Life Society|Sivananda Saraswati}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{religious text primary|date=May 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Swami Shivananda
| image = Tarak Maharaj.jpg
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_name = Tarak Nath Ghosal
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1854|12|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Barasat]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Company Rule in India|British India]] (now [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1934|2|20|1854|12|16|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Belur Math]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now West Bengal, India)
| order = [[Ramakrishna Mission]]
| guru = [[Sri Ramakrishna]]
| predecessor = [[Swami Brahmananda]]
| successor = [[Swami Akhandananda]]
| disciples = [[Swami Gambhirananda]] [[Swami Tapasyananda]] [[Swami Ranganathananda]] [[Swami Rudrananda]] [[Swami Tejasananda]] [[Kamala Nehru]] [[Swamy chidbhavanandha]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| signature =
}}

Swami '''Shivananda''' (1854–1934), born '''Tarak Nath Ghosal''', was a [[Hindu]] spiritual leader and a direct disciple of [[Ramakrishna]], who became the second president of the [[Ramakrishna Mission]]. His devotees refer to him as '''Mahapurush Maharaj''' (Great Soul). Shivananda and [[Subodhananda]] were the only direct disciples of Ramakrishna to be filmed. He was a Brahmajnani ("knower of Brahman or the Supreme Being").<ref>"M, The Apostle and Evangelist", by Swami Nityatmananda, Volume XV, Chapters 5, 10 and 11, publisher Sri Ma Trust, Chandigarh</ref>
Shivananda introduced the celebration of the birthdays of his brother-monks. He was known to have laid the foundation stone of Shri Ramakrishna Temple at Belur Math, which was designed by [[Vijnanananda]].

==Early life==
Shivananda was born in the village of [[Barasat]] in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]]. His father was Ramakanai Ghoshal, a pious [[Brahmin]] who had a substantial income as a lawyer. He was a follower of [[tantra]] in his personal life. He and his first wife Vamasundari Devi, the mother of Tarak, provided free board and lodging to twenty-five to thirty poor students.<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna1">{{cite book | title=The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.20990 | publisher=Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati | year=1943 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.20990/page/n327 291]}}</ref>
Ramakanai also knew Ramakrishna personally, as he used to visit Dakshineswar on matters of business.

After completing his school studies, Tarak took up a job with Mackinnon Mackenzie in Calcutta to help his father.

===Ramakrishna's influence===
[[File:Vivekananda Baranagar 1887.jpg|thumb|250px|Group photo taken on 30 January 1887 In [[Baranagar Math]], Kolkata. '''Standing''': (l–r) Swami Shivananda, [[Swami Ramakrishnananda]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], Randhuni, Debendranath Majumdar, [[Mahendranath Gupta]] (Shri M), [[Swami Trigunatitananda]], H.Mustafi '''Sitting''': (l–r) [[Swami Niranjanananda (Niranjan Maharaj)|Swami Niranjanananda]], [[Swami Saradananda]], Hutko Gopal, [[Swami Abhedananda]]]]
Tarak saw Ramakrishna for the first time at the house of [[Ram Chandra Datta|Ramchandra Dutta]] in May 1880. A few days later he went to [[Dakshineswar]] to visit [[Kali]] Temple; from then he began to practise intense prayer and meditation under Ramakrishna's guidance. He later wrote "I have not yet come to a final understanding whether he [Ramakrishna] was a man or a superman, a god or the God Himself, but I have known him to be a man of complete self-effacement, master of the highest renunciation, possessed of supreme wisdom, and the supreme incarnation of love."<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna1" />

===Marriage===
Tarak married in 1881–82. His father could not afford a dowry for the marriage of his sister, as was usual; Tarak therefore agreed to marry a daughter of the prospective bridegroom's family. Three years later his wife died and Tarak started living sometimes in a devotee's house and sometimes in lonely places, till the Baranagar Math was started.<ref name="Belurmath"/>

===Renunciation===
Tarak continued to visit Dakshineswar till Ramakrishna fell ill and was brought, first to the Shyampukur house and then later to the Cossipore Garden House. In Cossipore, Tarak joined with others including [[Narendranath Dutta]], later known as [[Swami Vivekananda]], to serve Ramakrishna.

After the death of Ramakrishna in 1886, the small group of direct disciples who decided to embrace [[Sannyasa|monastic life]] gathered round in a dilapidated house in Baranagar; Tarak was one of the first to settle there. Thus began the Baranagar monastery of the [[Ramakrishna Math]].

==Life of a Sannyasin (ascetic)==

===As a wandering monk===
During his itinerant period, Shivananda travelled throughout [[North India|northern]] [[India]]. He went to Almora, where he was acquainted with a local rich man, Lala Badrilal Shah, an admirer of Ramakrishna's disciples. During the latter part of 1893, Tarak also met E.T. Sturdy, an Englishman interested in [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|theosophy]], who later became an admirer and follower of Vivekananda after he met him in England.<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna">{{cite book | title=The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.20990 | publisher=Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati | year=1943 | location=Mayavati}}</ref>
He was inclined towards leading a contemplative life and went to the Himalayas several times. He also went to Amarnath in 1909 with [[Swami Turiyananda]].

===Establishment of Ramakrishna Math and Mission===
Tarak's itinerant life came to an end when Vivekananda returned to India in 1897. He went to [[Chennai|Madras]] to receive Vivekananda, and came back with him to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].
Vivekananda sent Shivananda to [[Ceylon]], now [[Sri Lanka]], to spread [[Vedanta]] there. There he held classes on [[Gita]] and the [[Raja Yoga]]. He returned to the newly established [[Ramakrishna Math]] or monastery in Belur in 1898.
In 1899 Shivananda, upon request from Vivekananda, helped in organising relief efforts when [[1899–1923 cholera pandemic|plague]] broke out in Calcutta. In 1900 he travelled with Vivekananda to Mayavati. There is a dormitory named, in his honour, [[Shivananda Dham]] in [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar]].
[[File:Seated on chairs Swami Shivananda, Swami Vivekananda, Swami Niranjananda and Swami Sadananda.png|thumb|Seated on chairs Swami Shivananda, Swami Vivekananda, Swami Niranjananda and Swami Sadananda.]]

===Advaita Ashrama, Benaras===
In 1902, just before Vivekananda's death, he went to [[Varanasi]] to start the Advaita Ashrama using the donation by Raja of Bhinga to Vivekananda. There he remained as head for seven years. Money was short, and they lived austerely.<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna" /> About this time, he translated Vivekananda's Chicago lectures into local Hindi. He continued to look after the affairs of the Ashrama till 1909.

===Office-bearer of Ramakrishna Mission===
In 1910, he was elected vice-president of Ramakrishna Mission. Shivananda was also one of the original trustees of [[Belur Math]]. In 1917 when [[Baburam Maharaj (Swami Premananda)]] fell ill and died, his duties of managing the affairs of the Math and Mission fell on Shivananda.
In 1922, after the death of [[Swami Brahmananda]], he became the second President of Ramakrishna Math and Mission. Like Brahmananda, he stressed meditation along with his daily work. He went to [[Dhaka]] and [[Mymensingh]] in what became [[East Bengal]], and initiated many spiritual seekers.<ref name="Belurmath"/>
In 1924 and 1927 he went on two long tours to the [[South India|South]], and established the Ramakrishna Math in [[Ootakamund]] and then later in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and [[Nagpur]]. In 1925, he went to [[Deoghar]] and opened a new building for the local chapter of Ramakrishna Mission.

===The title of Mahapurush===
Tarak was married in his teens but, with the consent of his young wife, he lived an absolutely [[Celibacy|celibate]] life.<ref name="Belurmath">{{cite web | url=http://belurmath.org/shivananda.htm | title=Swami Shivananda | publisher=Belur Math | work=Ramakrishna Math and Ramakriskna Mission | accessdate=19 December 2011}}</ref> and that's why after the foundation of Belur Math, he came to be known as 'Mahapurush Maharaj by [[Swami Vivekananda]]', 'Mahapurush' meaning 'A Great Man'.<ref name="Belurmath" />

==Last years==
From 1930 on, Shivananda's health broke down rapidly. In April 1933 he suffered a stroke and developed paralysis of one side. On 20 February 1934, a few days after Ramakrishna's birthday, Shivananda died. The small room adjacent to the Old Shrine at [[Belur Math]] became known as the 'Room of Shivananda'.<ref name="Belurmath"/>
[[File:Last photograph of swami shivananda.png|thumb|Last photograph of swami Shivananda]]

==Character and legacy==

===Work===
Under Shivananda's presidency, the Ramakrishna Mission slowly expanded in other locations. He established centres in Ootacamund, Nagpur and Bombay. Centres were also opened in various foreign locations. In 1915, he established a Ramakrishna mission centre in [[Almora]]. He [[Initiation|initiated]] many people after the death of Brahmananda.

===Quotes===
* ''It will not do to be restless. One has to get deeply absorbed in spiritual exercises; one must strengthen one's spiritual attitude in one's own mind. One may get a temporary enthusiasm by noticing someone else's spiritual fervour, but then one must remember that all such men had to pass through hard struggle''<ref name="Swami Shivananda, Prabuddha Bharat Article">Mahapurush Maharaj:Swami Shivananda, by Swami Atmajnanananda, Prabuddha Bharat, January 2009, pages 68–73</ref>
*''Behind work there should be meditation. Without meditation, work cannot be performed in a way which conduces to spiritual growth. Nor is work nicely performed without having a spiritual background''<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna" />

===Character===
Shivananda washed the soiled clothes of a sick inmate to his monastery in Benaras. He started a free nursery school for the poor children in Benaras.<ref name="Swami Shivananda, Prabuddha Bharat Article"/>
After Brahmananda died, Shivananda refused to proclaim himself as president of Ramakrishna Mission because he considered himself as merely a representative of Brahmananda.<ref name="The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna" /> He was in favour of disciplines in monastic life, and he himself practised them rigorously till he was physically unable to do.
[[File:Swami Shivananda.png|thumb|Swami Shivananda]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Related links==
* RKM: President's site – [http://www.rkmpresident.org/2nd_president.htm Swami Shivananda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310232904/http://www.rkmpresident.org/2nd_president.htm |date=10 March 2022 }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027165043/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1863/shiv.html |date=27 October 2009 |title=Shivananda, a short biography & teachings}}
* The saga of a Great Soul, Swami Shivananda – Swami Vividishananda {{ISBN|0-87481-584-3}}
* Mahapurush Maharaj as we saw him {{ISBN|0-87481-053-1}}
* God lived with them – Swami Chetanananda {{ISBN|0-916356-80-9}}
*[https://shriramakrishna.blogspot.com/2008/12/reminiscences-of-swami-shivananda.html Reminiscences of Swami Shivananda by Swami Shambhavananda]
*http://belurmath.org/shivananda.htm
*http://www.chennaimath.org/reminiscences-swami-shivananda-11715

{{Ramakrishna}}
{{Presidents of Ramakrishna Order}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivananda, Swami}}
[[Category:Presidents of the Ramakrishna Order]]
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu missionaries]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission]]

[[pt:Shivananda]]

Oinam Doren

2025-11-27T15:21:12Z

AuroraMackellar: adding entry

{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Oinam Doren
| birth_place = Manipur, India
| occupation = Filmmaker; documentary director
| known_for = ''Songs of Mashangva''; ''My Name is Eeooow''; ''Theatre of the Earth''
| awards = Best Ethnographic Film – 58th National Film Awards (for ''Songs of Mashangva'')
}}

'''Oinam Doren''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯗꯣꯔꯦꯟ}}) is an Indian filmmaker and National Award winner known for his films that explore music, culture, and traditions of [[Manipur]] and other [[northeastern India]]n states.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Northeast ka ladka to Perfect Guy - Filmmaker sets sights on Bollywood after winning major award|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/northeast-ka-ladka-to-perfect-guy-filmmaker-sets-sights-on-bollywood-after-winning-major-award/cid/749941}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Khonthaang Delhi felicitates National Film Award winner Oinam Doren - E-rang :: E-pao Movie Channel|url=https://e-pao.org/erang/Reviews/Khonthaang_Delhi_felicitates_National_Film_Award_winner_Oinam_Doren.php|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.org}}</ref>

== Career ==

Doren’s work is inspired by his interest in music. His early exposure to Western rock and pop influenced his artistic perspective, which later evolved after discovering folk music from Manipur.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A spring for documentary filmmaking in Northeast India|url=https://www.spf.org/en/spfnews/information/20201126.html}}</ref>

=== Songs of Mashangva ===

Doren directed the documentary [[Songs of Mashangva]], which won the Rajat Kamal plaque under the Best Ethnographic category at the [[58th National Film Awards]] 2011.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-05-19|title=Manipuri film &ldquoSongs of Mashangva&rdquo directed by Oinam Doren won the national awards for the best Ethnographic film. The film made in Manipuri, Tangkhul and English languages. --|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/manipuri-filmldquosongs-of-mashangvardquo-directed-by-oinam-doren-won-the-national-awards-for-the-best-ethnographic-film-the-film-made-in-manipuri-tangkhul-and-english-languages-/articleshow/8448457.cms|access-date=2025-11-05|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was selected for the 18th edition of the [[Lessinia Film Festival]] in the "Competition" category and was shown in [[Bosco Chiesanuova]], [[Italy]] in August 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film on Rewben set for Italy event : 12th aug12 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=5..120812.aug12|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> It follows folk musician [[Rewben Mashangva]] on a two-year tour across India and through remote villages of the [[Tangkhul people]] in Manipur. The film highlights the cultural exchange between Doren, a Meitei from the valley, and Rewben, a Tangkhul from the hills. Doren described the project as a transformative experience that deepened his understanding of rural communities and folk traditions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Nath|first=Dipanita|date=2017-06-14|title=Drama in Real Life|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/drama-in-real-theatre-of-the-earth-life-by-doren-oinam-afspa-4702841/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

=== My Name is Eeooow ===

Doren directed My Name is Eeooow, set in [[Kongthong village]], [[East Khasi Hills]], [[Meghalaya]]. The film was nominated for the 'Tangible Culture Prize' at the 15th RAI Film Festival at [[Watershed, Bristol|Watershed]] in [[Bristol]] (UK), in 2017. It shows the tradition of Jyngwrai Iawbei, in which children are given musical tunes as names. It features Khasi folk music and emphasizes the cultural heritage of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oinam Doren new film nominated for Tangible Culture Prize in UK 20170204|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2017.Oinam_Doren_new_film_nominated_for_Tangible_Culture_Prize_in_UK_20170204|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

His film won its second international award at the 23rd Film Festival della Lessinia, held in Bosco Chiesanuova, [[Italy]], from 19 to 27 August 2017. It received the Prize from the Curatorium Cimbricum Veronense, in memory of Piero Piazzola and Mario Pigozzi, for the best film by a young director.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oinam Doren wins award in Italy 20170904|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2017.Oinam_Doren_wins_award_in_Italy_20170904|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-04|title=Oinam Doren wins award in Italy {{!}} Manipur Times|url=https://manipurtimes.com/oinam-doren-wins-award-in-italy/|access-date=2025-11-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Theatre of the Earth ===
His film, Theatre of the Earth, won the Best Film: Cinema of Resistance award at the Signs Film Festival, held in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], from 26 to 30 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doren Theatre of the Earth wins in Kerala 20171004|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2017.Doren_Theatre_of_the_Earth_wins_in_Kerala_20171004|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Theatre of the Earth – Kolkata People's Film Festival|url=https://www.ourcinema.in/festival/film/theatre-of-the-earth/|access-date=2025-11-05|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Recognition ==

Doren served as the chairperson of the Non-Feature Film Jury at the [[International Film Festival of India]]. He is recognized for his contributions to [[Indian cinema]] and his focus on documenting and preserving cultural traditions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jury Members of Indian Panorama (Non- Feature Films) interact with media at IFFI 53|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1878226}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipur filmmaker invited as jury for 45th International Film Festival of India|url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-filmmaker-invited-as-jury-for-45th-international-film-festival-of-india|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.easternmirrornagaland.com|language=en}}</ref>

In November 2019, he was invited to the biennial [[Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival]] (YIDFF) for an in-depth discussion moderated by [[Tarun Bhartiya]], a documentary filmmaker and co-founder of the Northeast India AV Archive at [[St. Anthony’s College]], [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]].<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Meitei culture]]
* [[Oinam family]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doren, Oinam}}
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:People from Manipur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dor Rajputs

2025-11-18T22:49:13Z

AuroraMackellar: brief improved intro per sources and added references to improve readability

{{Short description|Clan of Rajputs in India}}
'''Dor Rajputs''' (also known as '''Doda or Doad''') are a [[Rajput clans|Rajput clan]] of [[India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) |volume=1 |first=Satish |last=Chandra |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-12411-064-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA27}}</ref>

In the late tenth century, the Dor Rajputs "seem to have extended their sway" over parts of Northern India, "ruling at first as feudatories of [[Tomara dynasty|Tomara kings]] of [[Delhi]]", they "became more powerful and made [[Aligarh|Koil]] as their stronghold". An 1876 account stated:

{{quote|The Hindu Dor Rajputs have but four villages, all of which are situated in the Hápur tahsil, while their Musalmán brethren in the same tract have 16. The Dors originally held the country from Koil to [[Meerut]], and under their leader Hardatta attained to considerable power. It was Hardatta that built the fort of Meerut, founded [[Hápur]], and relieved Baran by paying the ransom demanded by [[Mahmúd Ghaznavi]]. About the time of [[Prithiraj]] the power of the Dors began to wane. They were pressed by the [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meos]] on the one side, while the [[Gahlots]] expelled them from [[Dásna]] on the other.}}

An 1880 work noted that "Dor Rajputs have disappeared from [[Rajputána]] where they were once famous and included in the thirty-six royal races. ... They are still found in small numbers in the North-West Provinces". The city of [[Vadodara]] is reported to have previously been named Chandanavati for a time, "for Raja Chandan of the Dor Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jainas".<ref>Kenneth Pletcher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GdKcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places]'' (2010), p. 180.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajput, Dor}}
[[Category:Rajput clans]]

General Motors India

2025-10-05T23:07:05Z

AuroraMackellar:

{{short description|Subsidiary of General Motors}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = General Motors India Private Limited
| logo = File:General Motors logo.svg
| logo_size = 150
| foundation = 1993
| defunct = {{end date and age|2020}}
| location_city =
| location_country =
| location = [[Halol]], [[Gujarat]] (Registered Office) [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]] (Marketing Office)
| key_people = Sanjiv Gupta, President and [[Managing Director|MD]]
| num_employees = 4,000
| industry = [[Automotive]]
| products = [[A-segment|A-segment cars]], [[internal combustion engine]]s (for export only)
| parent = [[General Motors]] (93%) [[SAIC Motor|SAIC]] (7%)
| subsid = [[Opel India Private Limited]] [[Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited]]
| brands =
| revenue =
| net_income =
| homepage =
}}
'''General Motors India Private Limited''' was a [[subsidiary]] of [[General Motors]] for its operations in [[India]]. [[General Motors]] had 93% stake in this partnership and the remaining 7% was held by [[SAIC Motor|SAIC]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/GM-increases-stake-in-Indian-unit-to-93/articleshow/16844812.cms | work=The Times of India | title=GM increases stake in Indian unit to 93% - The Times of India}}</ref> It was the 5th largest automobile manufacturing company in India after [[Maruti Suzuki]], [[Hyundai Motor India Limited|Hyundai]], [[Tata Motors]] and [[Mahindra & Mahindra Limited|Mahindra]].<ref name="GM India">{{Cite web|url=https://business.mapsofindia.com/automobile/car-manufacturers/general-motors-india.html|title=General Motors India|website=business.mapsofindia.com|access-date=2023-03-15|language=en}}</ref> After 21 years of operations in India, General Motors ceased selling cars in India by the end of 2017 as a part of its global restructuring actions.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/general-motors-to-stop-selling-cars-in-india-but-not-pulling-out/story-u6MKLape1gKfpcfyt3q9nL.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518093500/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/general-motors-to-stop-selling-cars-in-india-but-not-pulling-out/story-u6MKLape1gKfpcfyt3q9nL.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 May 2017 | title=General Motors to stop selling cars in India
| date=28 May 2017}}</ref>

General Motors India's primary focus was to manufacture and export of small cars and automotive components. Its export markets included [[Mexico]] and a few other [[Latin America]]n countries until 2020. Its secondary focus was providing parts and related services for the GM vehicles that were sold in India.

==History==
[[General Motors]] started doing business in India in 1928, assembling Chevrolet cars, trucks and buses, but ceased its assembly operations in 1952. GM continued with tie-ups with [[Hindustan Motors]] to build [[Bedford Vehicles|Bedford trucks]], [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall cars]], [[Allison Transmission]]s and off-road equipment.

In 1994, GMIPL was formed as a joint venture, owned 50 percent by [[Hindustan Motors]] and 50 percent by General Motors, to produce and sell [[Opel]] branded vehicles. GM bought out the Hindustan Motors interest in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://business.mapsofindia.com/automobile/car-manufacturers/general-motors-india.html|title=General Motors (GM) India – history, plants, car models and more|website=business.mapsofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gm.com/corporate/about/global_operations/asia_pacific/indi.jsp|title=GM – Global Operations – India Private Limited}}</ref> GMIPL continued to produce Opel cars at the Halol facility until 2003, when it started production of [[Chevrolet]] vehicles at that location.

In 2000, GMIPL moved its headquarters to Gurgaon. In 2003, the company opened its technical center operations in Bangalore, which included research and development and vehicle engineering activities. The technical center operations were expanded to include purchasing and financial support services for General Motors operations located outside of India (2006), vehicle engine and transmission design and engineering (2007) and a vehicle design studio (2007).

GMIPL began construction of a second vehicle assembly plant in Talegaon in 2006, which began production of Chevrolet vehicles in September 2008.

In late 2009, General Motors announced that it would put its India operation into a 50–50 venture with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation of China, which is the partner of GM's main venture in China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/05/business/global/05gm.html |title=G.M. Expects Asia Deals to Raise $400 Million |date=5 December 2009 |author=Keith Bradsher |work=New York Times|access-date=27 April 2010 }}</ref>

In October 2012, [[General Motors]]-Chevrolet announced that it has increased stake in its Indian subsidiary to 93% by buying 43% from its Chinese partner [[SAIC Motor|SAIC]] for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="auto"/>

In December 2017, the company stopped selling Chevrolet vehicles in the Indian market, while the [[Chevrolet Beat|Beat]] continued to be manufactured at the Talegaon plant for exports. The Talegaon plant was closed on 24 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GM ends India operations; Talegaon plant future hangs in the balance|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/gm-ends-india-operations-talegaon-plant-future-hangs-in-the-balance-419512|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Autocar India}}</ref>

In January 2020, it was announced Chinese automobile manufacturer [[Great Wall Motors]] was set to acquire General Motors’ [[Talegaon]] manufacturing plant near [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/china-s-great-wall-to-acquire-general-motors-talegaon-plant-11579258947095.html | work=Mint of India | title=China's Great Wall Motors to acquire GM's Talegaon plant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-17|title=China's Great Wall agrees to buy General Motors' India plant|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-great-wall-motor-gm-idUSKBN1ZG0QB|access-date=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Great Wall Motor to buy Indian plant from GM|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Great-Wall-Motor-to-buy-Indian-plant-from-GM|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Nikkei Asian Review|language=en-GB}}</ref> The plant was expected to be sold by December 2020 but due to the [[2020 China–India skirmishes]], the Indian government has not yet approved the sale of the plant. This was the last GM plant in India after the sale of the [[Halol|Halol, Gujarat]] plant to [[SAIC Motor|SAIC]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Doval|first=Pankaj|date=December 21, 2020|title=China tensions trip General Motors unit sale|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/china-tensions-trip-general-motors-unit-sale/articleshow/79831214.cms|access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref> The deal collapsed in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/cars-uvs/gm-deal-to-sell-talegaon-plant-to-chinas-great-wall-motor-collapses/articleshow/92582366.cms|title=GM deal to sell Talegaon plant to China's Great Wall Motor collapses|first=Ketan|last=Thakkar|via=The Economic Times}}</ref> But instead, [[Hyundai Motor Company]] acquired Talegaon plant in 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/car/1104532.html|title=현대차, 인도공장 100만대 생산체제로… GM 탈레가온 공장 인수|first=우리|last=최|via=한겨레}}</ref>

==Manufacturing facilities==
GMIPL operated vehicle manufacturing plants in [[Halol]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Talegaon Dabhade]], [[Maharashtra]]. It maintained headquarters in [[Halol]] and [[Gurgaon]] and a large technical center in [[Bangalore]]. Its Halol and Talegaon Dabhade manufacturing plants had a combined production capacity of 225,000 vehicles annually. Between 2018 and 2020, this plant only produced the left-hand drive Beat hatchback and notchback for export markets,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chevrolet.co.in/content_data/AP/IN/en/GBPIN/001/BRANDSITE/GM-India-Confidence.html |title=GM India Confidence |access-date=17 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102082304/http://www.chevrolet.co.in/content_data/AP/IN/en/GBPIN/001/BRANDSITE/GM-India-Confidence.html |archive-date=2 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while the Halol plant was taken over by [[JSW MG Motor India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/mg-motor-inaugurates-first-india-facility-in-gujarat-to-roll-out-first-product-by-2019/|title=MG Motor inaugurates first India facility in Gujarat, to roll out first product by 2019|website=Overdrive|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref>

==Sales, service and marketing business==
Like most other automotive companies in India, GMIPL appoints independently owned dealers to sell, service and market vehicles that it produces. As of August 2008, managed the Chevrolet dealership network (including export dealers located in Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan) from its headquarters in Gurgaon, and regional zone offices in [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Chennai]].

GMIPL also sells parts and services to independent vehicle maintenance providers under the [[AC Delco]] brand.
GM India's sales declined to 6,079 units in May 2012, while the figure last year same month was 8,329 units.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article3479846.ece| title=GM India clocks 27% decline in sales | date=1 June 2012}}</ref>

==Emission regulation controversy==
In July 2013, GM India announced a recall of 114,000 units of the [[Chevrolet Tavera|Tavera]]. After the recall, an internal probe revealed that GM India were violating Indian testing norms. According to the internal probe, some GM India employees were putting tuned higher emission engines which had already failed tests. 25 employees were fired following the incident and GM India would also have to pay a ₹23 million ($358,000) fine.

== Models ==
[[File:Chevrolet Spark GT LS 2020.jpg|thumb|2020 Chevrolet Beat Facelift (Built but not sold in India)]]

=== Chevrolet ===

==== Discontinued ====
*[[Chevrolet Optra]] (2003–2012)
*[[Subaru Forester|Chevrolet Forester]] (2003–2007)
*[[Chevrolet Tavera]] (2004–2017)
*[[Chevrolet Aveo]] (2006–2012)
*[[Chevrolet Optra SRV]] (2006–2010)
*[[Chevrolet Aveo U-VA]] (2006–2012)
*[[Chevrolet Spark]] (2007–2017)
*[[Chevrolet Captiva]] (2008–2016)
*[[Chevrolet Cruze]] (2009–2017)
*[[Chevrolet Beat]] (2010–2020)
*[[Chevrolet Sail|Chevrolet Sail U-VA]] (2012–2017)
*[[Chevrolet Sail]] (2013–2017)
*[[Chevrolet Enjoy]] (2013–2017)
*[[Chevrolet TrailBlazer|Chevrolet Trailblazer]] (2015–2017)

===Opel===
====Discontinued====
*[[Opel Astra#Astra F|Opel Astra]] (1996–2003)
*[[Opel Corsa#Corsa B|Opel Corsa]] (2000–2006)
*[[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Opel Vectra]] (2003–2006)
*[[Opel Corsa#Corsa B|Opel Corsa Swing]] (2003–2006)
*[[Opel Corsa#Corsa B|Opel Corsa Sail]] (2003–2006)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20161011172417/https://gm.co.in/}} (archived, 11 Oct 2016)
* [https://www.chevrolet.co.in/ Chevrolet India]

{{Automotive industry in India}}
{{General Motors}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Companies based in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1928]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 1953]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 2020]]
[[Category:SAIC Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:General Motors joint ventures|India]]
[[Category:Former joint ventures]]
[[Category:Multinational joint-venture companies]]

Ganga Bhishen Agarwal

2025-07-13T22:19:33Z

AuroraMackellar: starting new pg.

{{Short description|Founder of Haldiram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
'''Ganga Bhishen Agarwal''' (1908–1985), also known as '''Haldiram Ji''', was an Indian entrepreneur from [[Bikaner|Bikaner, Rajasthan]]. He founded the [[Haldiram's|Haldiram Snacks Food]], a leading brand in Indian snack food industry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-14 |title=From Bikaner to Blackstone: The success story of humble Haldiram's |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/from-bikaner-to-blackstone-the-success-story-of-humble-haldirams/articleshow/110123349.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=Who is Ganga Bishan Agarwal, the man behind Haldiram’s success? Exploring the family legacy of this Indian brand |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-ganga-bishan-agarwal-the-man-behind-haldirams-success-exploring-the-family-legacy-of-this-indian-brand-3493706/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=How iconic Indian snack brand Haldiram's became a global investment target |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/how-iconic-indian-snack-brand-haldiram-s-became-a-global-investment-target-124052100775_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard | first=Vasudha | last=Mukherjee | date=21 May 2024 | accessdate=13 July 2025}}</ref>

==Early life and background==

Ganga Bhishen Agarwal was born in [[Bikaner|Bikaner, Rajasthan]]. His entrepreneurial journey began at a young age. He started working in his father’s bhujia shop, where he developed a keen interest in the snack food business. In 1937, he established his own small shop in [[Bikaner]], selling traditional Indian sweets and snacks, particularly [[Bikaneri bhujia|Bhujiya]]. His innovative approach to making bhujia, using [[Vigna aconitifolia|moth ki dal]] instead of [[Gram flour|besan]], and his focus on quality quickly made his products popular.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Richest 2019: Haldiram's Incredible Success Story |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2019/india039s-richest-2019-haldiram039s-incredible-success-story/56469/1 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}} " ''At the age of 12, when most children went to school and were busy copying notes off a dusty blackboard, Ganga Bhishen Agarwal spent his days in Bikaner inventing the ubiquitous snack we today know as Haldiram’s bhujia and reiterating the product to make it more irresistible to customers. The most important changes he made to the bhujia was making it out of moth ki dal rather than besan, which made it a delicacy overnight as moth is very popular and easily available in Rajasthan''."</ref>
==Career==

In the 1980s, Haldiram's opened outlets in Delhi, Nagpur, and Kolkata as part of its expansion into bigger markets. Eventually, the family firm divided into three separate companies, each run by a different Agarwal family branch: Haldiram's Bhujiawala in Kolkata, Haldiram's Prabhuji in Kolkata, and Haldiram's in Nagpur and Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shiv Kishan Agrawal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shiv-kishan-agrawal/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=Forbes |language=en}} "''The business was eventually divided among the patriarch's grandsons into three separate companies, operating out of Nagpur, Delhi and Kolkata''."</ref> By the 1990s, Haldiram's had made a big name for itself in India and started exporting its goods to other countries. With goods available in more than 80 countries, Haldiram serves snack lovers and the Indian diaspora globally.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-19 |title=Haldiram & Bikaji: Story of the brothers who control half of India's namkeen market - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/news/haldiram-ipo-bikaji-listing-agarwal-brothers-delhi-nagpur-kolkata-bikaner-15209031.htm |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Varnika |title=Meet man who used to sell bhujia, then built Rs 8330 crore company, his business is... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-used-to-sell-bhujia-now-runs-rs-8330-crore-company-he-is-from-3090081 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian Entrepreneurs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agarwal, Ganga Bishan}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Rajasthan]]

Nectar Sanjenbam

2025-07-09T20:46:27Z

AuroraMackellar: created new details.

{{Short description|Recipient of Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel]]
| name = Nectar Sanjenbam
| honorific_suffix = [[Kirti Chakra|KC]], [[Shaurya Chakra|SC]]
| image = Lt Col Nectar Sanjenbam.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Portrait of Col (then Lt Col) Sanjenbam
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| allegiance = {{Flag|India}}
| branch = {{Army|India}}
| rank = [[File:Colonel of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]]
| servicenumber = IC-61357M
| unit = [[Para (Special Forces)|21 PARA SF]]
| commands = [[Para (Special Forces)|21 PARA SF]]
| awards = [[File:Kirti Chakra ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Kirti Chakra]] [[File:Shaurya Chakra ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Shaurya Chakra]]
| alma_mater = [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]
| laterwork = [[File:Senior_Superintendent_of_Police.png|30px]] [[Senior Superintendent of Police|SSP (Combat)]] (2023-2024) [[Manipur Police]]
}}

[[Colonel]] '''Nectar Sanjenbam''', [[Kirti Chakra|KC]], [[Shaurya Chakra|SC]] is a decorated retired [[Indian Army]] officer with the [[Para (Special Forces)|21 PARA SF]]. He was also part of the Indian Army's counter-insurgency operation in [[Myanmar]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper= |title=Kirti Chakra for Lt Col Nectar Sanjenbam. Part of the Army's Myanmar cross-border strike. |url=https://m.economictimes.com/topic/Lt-Col-Nectar-Sanjenbam/amp}}</ref> He is one of the few recipients of both the Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra award. He also served as Special [[Senior superintendent of police]] (Combat) in [[Manipur Police]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Retired Army Officer Who Led Surgical Strike Has Manipur Task At Hand Now |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-violence-manipur-unrest-nectar-sanjenbam-colonel-retired-nectar-sanjenbam-retired-army-officer-who-led-surgical-strike-now-has-manipur-task-at-4354920/amp/1 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Nectar Sanjenbam trained at the National Defence Academy. He was commissioned in the Maratha Light Infantry and later joined the 21 Para SF, the elite special forces unit in India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gallantry awards for soldiers in Myanmar operations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gallantry-awards-for-soldiers-in-myanmar-op/lite/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Awards ==

'''[[Shaurya Chakra]]'''

On Republic Day 2005, Captain Sanjenbam in [[Manipur]] was awarded the Shaurya Chakra, India's third highest peacetime gallantry award, for outstanding gallantry in an operation on 8 October 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain Nectar Sanjenbam |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/601 |archive-url= |website=Gallery Awards Government}}</ref>

'''[[Kirti Chakra]]'''

On Independence Day 2015, [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Sanjenbam was awarded the Kirti Chakra, India's second highest peacetime gallantry award, for his gallantry on 9 June 2015 in [[2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar|Myanmar operation]]. [[Lieutenant colonel|Lt Col]] Nectar led his team in the most daring cross border operation in Myanmar and eliminated numerous insurgents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lt Col Nectar Sanjenbam |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3589 |website=Gallantry Awards Government}}</ref>

==Later career==
After his retirement from the army in 2023, as a colonel, he was appointed as a Special [[Superintendent of police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]] (Combat) in [[Manipur Police]] by [[Second N. Biren Singh ministry|N Biren Singh Government]] during the violence in Manipur. He was relieved of his duties as per govt order on 19 Nov 2024. <ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2023 |title=Who is Colonel (retired) Nectar Sanjenbam? After surgical strike, now entrusted to bring peace in Manipur. |url=https://hubnetwork.in/who-is-colonel-retired-nectar-sanjenbam-after-surgical-strike-now-entrusted-to-bring-peace-in-manipur/#:~:text=Who%20is%20Nectar%20Sanjenbam%3F,Chakra%2C%20the%20third%2Dhighest |work=Hubnet Work}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{Improve categories|date=August 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanjenbam, Nectar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kirti Chakra]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kunduru

2025-07-03T05:35:59Z

AuroraMackellar: created data.

'''Kunduru''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కుందూరు) is a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* [[Kunduru Jana Reddy]] (born 1982), Indian politician
* [[Kunduru Jayaveer Reddy]] (born 1980), Indian politician
* [[Kunduru Nagarjuna Reddy]] (born 1981), Indian politician
* [[Kunduru Raghuveer]] (born 1946), Indian politician

==See also==
* {{intitle|Kunduru}}

{{surnames}}

[[Category:Telugu-language surnames]]
[[Category:Toponymic surnames]]

Haridwar Junction railway station

2025-05-28T13:39:20Z

AuroraMackellar: quick update

{{Short description|Railway Station in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Haridwar Junction
| type = Railway station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Haridwar Junction Railway Station (Oct 18, 2011).jpg
| image_caption = Haridwar Junction Railway Station in 2011
| address = [[National Highway 58 (India)|NH 58]], [[Haridwar]], [[Haridwar district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| country = India
| map_type = India Uttarakhand
| coordinates = {{coord|29|56|54|N|78|9|19|E}}
| elevation = {{convert|294.00|m|ft}}
| line = [[Laksar–Dehradun line]]
| other =
| structure = On ground
| platform = 9 (4 terminal platforms)
| tracks = 13
| parking = Yes
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1886}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| acessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = HW
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Moradabad}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| status = Operating
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
}}
'''Haridwar railway station''' (Station code: HW), is one of the major railway stations in [[Haridwar district]], [[Uttarakhand]], India. It falls under the Moradabad division of the [[Northern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].

Haridwar was first connected with railways, via [[Laksar]], through branch line in 1886, when the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] line was extended through [[Roorkee]] to {{stnlnk|Saharanpur Junction}}, this was later extended to {{stnlnk|Dehradun}} in 1906.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_381.gif Trade and Communications] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', v. 21, p. 375.</ref>

==Overview==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
The station is situated on the [[Laksar–Dehradun line|Laksar–Dehradun railway line]] for connecting [[Delhi]], [[Howrah]] and the rest of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haridwar Railway Station Map/Atlas NR/Northern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/haridwar-hw/456 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> One of the main railheads of the [[Northern Railway zone]], Haridwar Junction railway station is connected by broad-gauge lines. The station is situated on the [[National Highway 58 (India)|NH 58]] in the Devpura locality of [[Haridwar]]. The nearby station of [[Rishikesh]] is connected to Haridwar on a branch line. Towards the west, the major railhead is at [[Saharanpur]] (76 km) and going north, the major railhead is at [[Dehradun]] (52 km).

==Location==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
The railway station is located on the south side of the town, within walking distance of most hotels. A tourist information centre is provided by the railway department to help travellers. Computerised reservation facility is offered. In front of the railway station is the [[Uttarakhand Transport Corporation|UTC]] Roadways Bus Station of [[Haridwar]] offering regular services to places in and around [[Haridwar]] such as [[Delhi]] and to all major destinations in [[North India]] including [[Mussoorie]], [[Meerut]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Kanpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bareilly]], [[Shimla]], [[Dehradun]], [[Badrinath]], [[Nainital]], [[Ranikhet]] and [[Uttarkashi]]. Nearest airport is [[Jolly Grant Airport]] located about (42 km) in [[Dehradun]]. The station is also one of the major rail-heads to the famous pilgrimage "Char-Dham" and other tourist stations.<ref name="Haridwar Reference 1" /> Haridwar is considered one of the seven holy cities of Hinduism in India and it is continuing to expand and thrive with spiritual centres, educational Institutions and has witnessed great demographic flow.

==Infrastructure and amenities==
[[File:Haridwar Railway Station.JPG|thumb|left|Haridwar Railway Station]]
Haridwar Railway Station has recently been renovated with a retiring room and waiting halls.<ref name="Haridwar Reference 1">{{cite news |last1=Devanjana |first1=Nag |title=Indian Railways upgrades Haridwar station! From renovated retiring room to waiting halls; know what’s new |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-railways-upgrades-haridwar-station-from-renovated-retiring-room-to-waiting-halls-know-whats-new/1440710/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |publisher=Financial Express |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> The station has also been provided with new escalators and lifts in order to facilitate passengers, especially senior citizens, disabled people, women, and child travellers. Additional facilities like pay and use toilet, a coach guidance system from platform 1 to platform 4 has been installed. Security system has been upgraded in the station with Indian Railways providing new Railway Protection Force (RPF) and GRP (Government Railway Police) stations which will serve as prompt emergency centre for security needs as well as for reporting crimes in addition to providing comfort and conveniences to the security forces. As Haridwar has large footfall throughout the year and hence CCTV surveillance has been upgraded which provides close watch and strengthens security at the station. Northern Railway zone has also been modernising works, including washable aprons for coach maintenance, improvements to parking and circulating area, provision of foot-over-bridges, providing second entry, façade lighting with provision of LED lighting, station building improvements with allied works like improvements to platform surface, PF shelters.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Official Website of the Northern Railway Zone]
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/456 India rail info: Map of Haridwar Junction railway station]

{{commons category|Haridwar railway station}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Moradabad railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1886]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Haridwar]]
[[Category:Transport in Haridwar]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian Railway A1 Category Stations]]

Talamadla

2025-05-20T09:27:29Z

AuroraMackellar: Created

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Talamadla
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = Talamadla
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.2264056|N|78.354355|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kamareddy district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Mandal Office
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 503102
| registration_plate =
| area_code = 08468
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Kamareddy
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Panchayat
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Mandal Office
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Talamadla''' is a village located in the taluk of [[Kamareddy]], mandal of Rajampet, district of Kamareddy, in the State of [[Telangana]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Kamareddy district}}
[[Category:Villages in Kamareddy district]]

Nagireddipally

2025-04-23T01:38:41Z

AuroraMackellar: created new info.

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{one source|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagireddipally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Nagireddipalli railway station name board.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4228288|N|78.9403185|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalgonda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 5
| area_total_km2 = 2000
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 17000
| population_as_of =
| population_rank = 9
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 508285
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08720
| registration_plate =TS
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhuvanagiri, Andhra Pradesh|Bhongiri]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bhuvanagiri, Andhra Pradesh|Bhongiri]]
| website = www.allmarriagehalls.com
| footnotes = Industrial area..
}}
'''Nagireddipally''' is a village in [[Nalgonda]] district of [[Telangana]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Nalgonda/Bhuvanagiri/Nagireddipally|title=Nagireddipally Village, Bhuvanagiri Mandal, Nalgonda District|publisher=|accessdate=1 October 2014}}</ref> It falls under [[Bhuvanagiri, Andhra Pradesh|Bhongir]] mandal.[[File:Nagireddypally.jpg|thumb|Nagireddypally is a village in Nalgonda district of Telangana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalgonda district]]

{{Nalgonda-geo-stub}}

Chandrajit

2025-04-22T23:59:45Z

AuroraMackellar: starting stub.

'''Chandrajit''' may refer to

*[[Chandrajit Bajaj]] (born 1958), Indian-born American computer scientist
*[[Chandrajit Banerjee]] (born 1962), Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry and member of various government advisory bodies
*[[Chandrajit Yadav]] (1937–2007), Indian politician

{{given name}}

[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

Iru Dhuruvam season 2

2025-04-04T19:12:31Z

AuroraMackellar: created new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television season
| image =
| caption =
| starring = {{ubl|
* [[Nandaa]]
* [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]]
* [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]]
* [[Linga (actor)|Linga]]
* Sai Priyanka Ruth
* Abdool Lee

}}
| num_episodes = 10
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|2|24|df=y}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Iru Dhuruvam 2''''' (இரு துருவம் 2) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] [[crime thriller]] [[streaming television]] series, written and directed by Arun Prakash, produced as an Original for [[SonyLIV]] under the banner of [[Applause Entertainment]] and Sign Of Life Productions.

It is a [[Sequel]] to the 2019 series [[Iru Dhuruvam (TV series)|Iru Dhuruvam]]. It stars [[Nandaa]], [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]], [[Linga (actor)|Linga]], Sai Priyanka Ruth and Abdool Lee. Music by Rudhraa Velu. The ten episode series premiered on [[SonyLIV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/sony-liv-unveils-trailer-of-iru-dhuruvam-2/Entertainment/news/2919310.html|title=SonyLiv Unveils Trailer of Iru Dhuruvam 2|publisher=www.uniindia.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> on 24 February 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/oct/12/iru-dhuruvam-renewed-for-a-season-2-to-go-on-floors-soon-27235.html|title=Iru Dhuruvam renewed for a season 2, to go on floors soon|publisher=www.cinemaexpress.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/iru-dhuruvam-2-release-date-star-cast-plot-trailer-more-updates|title=Iru Dhuruvam 2 Release Date|publisher=en.janbharattimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/nandha-durairaj-and-prasanna-starrer-iru-dhuruvam-2-set-for-its-ott-premiere-on-february-24/articleshow/98204932.cms|title=Nandha Durairaj and Prasanna starrer 'Iru Dhuruvam 2' set for its OTT premiere on February 24|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Nandaa]] as Viktor Selladurai
* [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] as Lankeswaran
* [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]] as Geetha
* [[Linga (actor)|Linga]]
* Sai Priyanka Ruth
* Abdool Lee as Kishore

==Production==
===Development===
The announcement of the renewal of the series for the second season was made in October 2021. The shooting of the series began in 2022. The series is produced by [[Sameer Nair]] under the production [[Applause Entertainment]], writer and director by Arun Prakash.Music by Rudhraa Velu.

===Release===
The first trailer was released on 19 February 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/tamil/iru-dhuruvam-2-trailer-nandaa-dorairaj-prasanna-venkatesan-abhirami-venkatachalam-linga-sai-priyanka-ruth-and-abdool-lee-starrer-iru-dhuruvam-2-official-trailer/videoshow/98086082.cms|title='Iru Dhuruvam 2' Official Trailer|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb episodes|11123072}}

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]

Hungary women's national goalball team

2025-03-23T02:01:07Z

AuroraMackellar: made the entry basic info

{{Short description|Hungarian national team, for the Paralympic sport of goalball}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

'''Hungary women's national goalball team''' is the women's national team of Hungary. [[Goalball]] is a [[team sport]] designed specifically for athletes with a [[visual impairment|vision impairment]]. The team has taken part in international competitions.

== IBSA World Games ==
{{main|IBSA World Games}}

=== 2011 Antalya ===

The team competed in the 2011 IBSA World Games from 1 to 10 April 2011, in [[Antalya]], Turkey, organised by the [[Turkish Blind Sports Federation]]. There were fifteen men's and fourteen women's teams. They placed sixth of seven teams in Group X, and were twelfth in the final standings.<ref name=IBSAresults>{{cite web |title= About goalball – Historical results |url=https://goalball.sport/results-and-rankings/historical-results/ |website=Goalball Sport |publisher=International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) |accessdate=4 May 2021}}</ref>

== Regional championships ==
{{main|Europe Goalball Championships}}
The team has competed in the [[:Category:Goalball in Europe|IBSA Europe]] goalball region.<ref>{{cite web |title=IBSA members |url=https://ibsasport.org/countries/ |website=International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) |accessdate=26 May 2021}}</ref>

Six teams took part in the 2010 IBSA European Championships Goalball Women B tournament held in [[Eskişehir]], Turkey in July. The team finished fourth.<ref name=europchamps2010b>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibsasport.org/sports/files/75-Results-Results-2010-IBSA-European-Championships-Goalball-Women-B-Turkey.pdf|title=Results 2010 IBSA European Championships Goalball Women B Turkey|publisher=International Blind Sports Association|location=Madrid, Spain|accessdate=17 February 2014|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827161706/http://www.ibsasport.org/sports/files/75-Results-Results-2010-IBSA-European-Championships-Goalball-Women-B-Turkey.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Competitive history ==

The table below contains individual game results for the team in international matches and competitions.

{| class="wikitable"
!Year!!Event!!Opponent!!Date!!Venue!!Team!!Team!!Winner!!Ref
|----
|2010||IBSA European Championships Goalball Women B||{{wgb|Spain}}||8 July||Eskişehir, Turkey||2||5|| {{wgb|Spain}} ||<ref name=europchamps2010b/>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Sports}}

* [[Hungary men's national goalball team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{National sports teams of Hungary|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Women's national sports teams of Hungary|Goalball women's]]
[[Category:National women's goalball teams]]
[[Category:Hungary at the Paralympics]]
[[Category:European national goalball teams]]
[[Category:Goalball in Europe]]

{{Goalball-stub}}

Laxmi Narsimha Temple, Nira Narsingpur

2025-03-12T03:45:26Z

AuroraMackellar: created a location

{{Short description|Temple in Maharashtra}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Shri Laxmi Narsimha Temple
| image = Narsimha temple of Nira Narsingpur.jpg
| alt = Temple located between the confluence of river Nira and Bhima.
| caption =
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|17|58|15.7|N|75|07|55.6|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| country = India
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| locale = [[Nira Narsingpur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Narasimha]]
| festivals= [[Narasimha Jayanti]]
| architecture = [[Peshwa]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1787
| creator = rebuilt by Raghunath Rao Vinchurkar
| temple_board =
| website =
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Shri Laxmi Narsimha Temple''' (popularly known as '''Nira Narasimha''') ({{langx|mr|श्री लक्ष्मी नृसिंह देवस्थान}}), is one of the oldest [[Hindu]] temples dedicated to [[Narasimha]], an [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]], located in [[Nira Narsingpur]], [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]. The temple is located at the confluence of [[Bhima river]] and [[Nira river]], at the south eastern tip of [[Pune district]], in [[Indapur]] taluka. Priests in the temple are [[Deshastha Madhva Brahmin]]s and temple is under their control. They belong to [[Uttaradi Math]] and rituals in the temple are followed as per Tantra Sara Sangraha of [[Madhvacharya]].

== Architecture and history ==
The temple is located at the [[ghat]] at confluence of [[Bhima river]] and [[Nira river]]. The construction of the ghat was completed in 1527. The current structure of the temple was built in 1787 with the help of Sardar Vitthal Shivdev Dani at a cost of about £45,000 (Rs. 4,50,000).<ref>{{cite web|title=Nira Narsingpur website|url=http://www.niranarsingpur.in/p/history.html#.WYO__1WGOpo|website=www.niranarsingpur.in}}</ref>

The temple has been built in [[Peshwa]] architectural style in black stone. It took approximately twenty years for the completion of the temple construction. There are three main doors facing towards East, North and West. The western door is fortified like [[Shaniwar Wada]] and has thirty three steps leading up to the temple. There are two [[murtis]] (icons) of [[Narasimha]] in the main temple, one is made of sand and the other of black stone. Original murti was replaced by a duplicate one due to the fear of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nira Narsingpur website: History|url=http://www.niranarsingpur.in/p/history.html#.WYO__1WGOpo|website=www.niranarsingpur.in}}</ref>

There is a big bell located near the west door. This bell was originally a church bell located at the Portuguese church of [[Vasai]]. In the year 1739, [[Baji Rao I|Bajirao Peshwa]]'s younger brother [[Chimaji Appa]] captured [[Vasai]] from the [[Portuguese Empire]] and took the four church bells to [[Pune]]. One of the bells was brought to the temple by Diwan Sadashiv Mankeshwar who was the inamdar of Tembhurni village.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press|isbn=1-932705-54-6|pages=685}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Solapur Gazetteer Report|url=http://solapur.gov.in/htmldocs/1977/places_Tembhurni.html|website=solapur.gov.in}}</ref>

There are several small temples located in the complex. They are of [[Laxmi]], [[Prahlad]], [[Ganesh]], [[Dattatreya]], [[Bhimashankar Temple|Bhimashankar]], [[Vitthal]] [[Rukmini]], [[Raghavendra Tirtha]], [[Shakambhari]], [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Kashi Vishweshwar]], [[Bhairava]] and [[Ramanathaswamy Temple|Rameshwar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nira Narsingpur website|url=http://www.niranarsingpur.in/p/history.html#.WYNQrYTyupo|website=www.niranarsingpur.in}}</ref>

== Festivals ==
[[Vaisakha]] Navratri is the biggest festival celebrated at the temple. The festival starts on the sixth day of the month of [[Vaisakha]] and ends on fourteenth day which is [[Narasimha]] Jayanti. A procession of Narasimha's [[paduka]] is taken out on the fifteenth day followed by [[Dahi Handi]] on the next day. The festival is marked by [[Pravachan]], [[Bhajan]], [[Kirtan]] and [[Indian classical music]] concerts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nira Narsingpur website|url=http://www.niranarsingpur.in/p/history.html#.WYNQrYTyupo|website=www.niranarsingpur.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Narasimha temples]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Pune district]]

Kothar Assembly constituency

2025-01-24T15:33:28Z

AuroraMackellar: created a article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Primary|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kothar
| type= SLA
| state = Jammu and Kashmir
| established = 1962
| abolished = 1972
| electors = 27,324
| mla = Mohammed Ashraf Khan
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Kothar Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Manohar Nath Kaul || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Mohammed Ashraf Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Kothar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,901 |percentage=70.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqubool Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,205 |percentage=29.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,696 |percentage=41.20% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,106 |percentage=80.51% |change= {{increase}}77.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,324 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Kothar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,026 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,026 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Kothar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Manohar Nath Kaul |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=23,229 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,229 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}