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Nayna Bandyopadhyay

2026-05-06T16:36:42Z

Associatedin21: added basic page first draft

{{Short description|Indian actress and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nayna Bandyopadhyay
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| office1 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Chowrangee Assembly constituency|Chowrangee]]
| term_start1 = 2014
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Sikha Chowdhury
| successor1 =
| term_start2 = 2001
| term_end2 = 2006
| constituency2 = [[Bowbazar Assembly constituency|Bowbazar]]
| predecessor2 = [[Ajit Pandey]]
| successor2 = [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] (2001–present)<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=বিধানসভায় একাই লড়ে যাবেন, বোঝালেন শমীক |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/ব-ধ-নসভ-য়-এক-ই-লড়-য-ব-ন-ব-ঝ-ল-ন-শম-ক-1.73217 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox person
| embed = yes
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1968|08|24}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-09-17 |title=Nayna sets agenda: 65 days for films, 300 to work for people |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/nayna-sets-agenda-65-days-for-films-300-to-work-for-people/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Jalpaiguri]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| birth_name =
| education = ISC
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Politician}}
| yearsactive = 1986–present
| spouse = {{marriage| [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]|1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=দল সুদীপের পাশেই, নয়নাকে আশ্বাস মমতার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/mamata-bandyopadhyay-assures-nayna-bandyopadhyay-about-sudip-bandyopadhyay-1.550029 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Nayna Bandyopadhyay''' (née '''Das'''; born 24 August 1968) is an Indian actress and politician who is known for her work in Bengali cinema and television.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-02-17 |title=Tapas marries Nayana in tele-serial |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/tapas-marries-nayana-in-tele-serial/articleshow/1285481.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=ভয় পাচ্ছি না, স্ত্রীকে জানালেন সুদীপ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/not-in-fear-sudip-bandyopadhyay-assures-nayana-1.544899 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> She is the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Chowrangee Assembly constituency]] since 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |last=খান |first=আর্যভট্ট |title=ক্ষণে ক্ষণে রং বদল, চৌরঙ্গি বিজয় সবুজের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/tmc-wins-chowringhee-assembly-in-bypoll-election-1.69877 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Election Candidate List 2021: BJP Candidates List 2021 & Congress Candidates list 2021 {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/candidates |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> as an [[Trinamool Congress]] candidate.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata uttar (West Bengal) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Winner, Runner-Up, Live Counting on Election Commission of India ECI at eciresults.nic.in |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/kolkata-uttar-lok-sabha-election-results/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She was the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Bowbazar Assembly constituency]] since 2001 till 2006, as a candidate from the same political party.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=১৬'তে অলক্ষে সোমেন-সুদীপ লড়াই, ২১-এ গড় বাঁচাতে পারবেন নয়না? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-elections/story/tmc-chowrangi-candidate-nayna-bandyopadhyay-political-graph-275183-2021-04-26 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>

When she was in [[tenth grade]], she made her debut opposite [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] in ''[[Pathbhola]]'' (1986) directed by [[Tarun Majumdar]]' who changed her name into ''Nayana''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-18 |title=টলিউডের কাজল'নয়না'র প্রেমে পড়েন সুদীপ, উড়ে যায় বয়সের বাধা - Nayna Das-Sudip Bandyopadhyays untold marriage story |url=https://www.thewall.in/cinema/nayna-das-sudip-bandyopadhyays-untold-marriage-story/tid/160818 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=TheWall |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Tarun Majumdar Death: অঝোরে কাঁদছেন সন্ধ্যা রায়, হাহাকার, কত দিন ওঁর মুখটা দেখতে পাইনি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/sandhya-roy-shares-her-memories-with-her-husband-late-director-tarun-majumdar-dgtl/cid/1354477 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-03-23 |title=Actors have to show political wisdom, say celebs |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/actors-have-to-show-political-wisdom-say-celebs/articleshow/4302460.cms?frmapp=yes&from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She subsequently appeared in Bengali films such as ''Surer Akashe'' (1988), ''[[Aamar Tumi]]'' (1989), ''Prem Pratigya'' (1989), ''Tufan'' (1989), ''Anurag'' (1990), ''Balidan'' (1990), ''Pati Param Guru'' (1991), ''Shaitan'' (1992), ''Ghar Sansar'' (1993). She rose to wider fame and popularity for her role as Sita in [[Anup Sengupta]]'s commercial hit ''Sinthir Sindur'' (1996).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reader.magzter.com/reader/cdm5hzfuncl191o36hu8c441987714464055/419877#page/10|title=তারকা তৈরীর কান্ডারী|year=2020|website=reader.magzter.com|publisher=Anandalok|language=Bn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011220515/https://reader.magzter.com/reader/cdm5hzfuncl191o36hu8c441987714464055/419877#page/10|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=9 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> In most of her films including ''Sinthir Sindur'', she starred opposite [[Tapas Paul]]. Her political career hit the crux when she defeated [[Somen Mitra]] in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Mainak |date=2021-03-18 |title=কলকাতায় প্রার্থী নির্বাচনে ভারসাম্যে জোর বিজেপির, চৌরঙ্গীতে অস্বস্তিতে দল |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/kolkata-bjp-list-mix-of-bengali-and-non-bengali-faces-31616070803636.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318131154/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/kolkata-bjp-list-mix-of-bengali-and-non-bengali-faces-31616070803636.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2021 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
Bandyopadhyay made her debut opposite [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] in [[Tarun Majumdar]]'s ''[[Pathbhola]]'' (1986) when she was in [[tenth grade]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=স্মৃতির সরণিতে তরুণ মজুমদার |url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=42&nID=386804&nPID=20220813 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bartamanpatrika.com |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509123502/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=42&nID=386804&nPID=20220813 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=প্রতিবেদন |first=নিজস্ব |title=Bengal Polls: ৩ কোটির বেশি সম্পত্তি, তিন জায়গায় জমি, বহুমূল্য গাড়ি... হলফনামায় জানালেন নয়না |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-tmc-candidate-nayna-bandyopadhyay-owns-property-worth-crore-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1278275 |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> She acted the role of Rani. Her name was recommended by [[Haranath Chakraborty]] after Satabdi Roy refused the role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Haranath |date=2022-03-24 |title=বাংলা ছবির ইতিহাসের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়ে থেকে যাবে হাসিখুশি মিঠুর নাম |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/haranath-chakraborty-remembering-bengali-actor-abhishek-chatterjee-after-his-death-31648097544211.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327024527/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/haranath-chakraborty-remembering-bengali-actor-abhishek-chatterjee-after-his-death-31648097544211.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 March 2022 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-14 |title=নির্মম রাজনীতির শিকার! তরুণ মজুমদারের ছবিতে ডাক, তবু বাদ পড়লেন শতাব্দী - Cruel Politics of Cinema! SHATABDI Roy Loses Role Despite Tarun Majumdar’s Offer |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/cruel-politics-of-cinema-shatabdi-roy-loses-role-despite-tarun-majumdars-offer/tid/172941 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=TheWall |language=bn}}</ref> She then collaborated with Biresh Chatterjee in his romantic drama film ''Surer Akashe'' (1988). The film stars [[Tapas Paul]] and [[Debashree Roy]] in the lead. She played sister to Paul's character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=সুরের আকাশে (১৯৮৮) |url=https://banglacinema100.com/movie-details/TjNkMFdXUmlXakZEWkVvdmJtUlBaRkJPYXk4clFUMDk= |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=banglacinema100.com}}</ref> The film became a major financial grosser at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ডেস্ক |first=বিনোদন |date=2024-02-18 |title=তাপস পাল: শেষটা ভালো হয়নি নায়কের |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/tollywood/u2nv59tu8z |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref> She once again collaborated with Biresh Chatterjee in his multistarer film ''Tufan'' (1989).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title='যত বার দেখি মা গো তোমায় আমি', লতার সেই অপাপবিদ্ধ মায়ের গানে আজও সমৃদ্ধ বাংলা {{!}} The wall |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/lata-mangeshkar-iconic-mother-song-in-bengali/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> The plot revolves around three estranged brothers played by Tapas Paul, [[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjeet]] and [[Abhishek Chatterjee]].

In 1996, Banerjee starred opposite [[Tapas Paul]] in [[Anup Sengupta]]'s drama film ''Sinthir Sindur''.

She featured in [[Raja Sen]]'s ''[[Desh (film)|Desh]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-03-27 |title=Desh director still being threatened |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/desh-director-still-being-threatened/articleshow/5003097.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It also features [[Jaya Bachchan]] and [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]].

== Political career ==
She was a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bowbazar Assembly constituency]] since 2001 till 2006, as a candidate from the same political party.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-17 |title=Trinamool Congress announces candidates for Assembly by-polls |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trinamool-congress-announces-candidates-for-assembly-by-polls/articleshow/40342146.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In 2004, she was suspended as she made a comment in opposition to [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=চৌরঙ্গিতে প্রার্থী নয়না, বসিরহাটে দীপেন্দু |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/tmc-pitches-naina-das-and-dipendu-biswas-as-candidates-in-by-elections/articleshow/40351048.cms |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref> She defeated her strong Congress contender [[Somen Mitra]] by winning the [[Chowrangee Assembly constituency]] in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NAYNA BANDYOPADHYAY |url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2013bye/candidate.php?candidate_id=58 |work=myneta.info |access-date=30 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NAYNA BANDYOPADHYAY |url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=817 |work=myneta.info |access-date=30 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-12 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Chowrangee profile: Nayna Bandyopadhyay won seat for TMC in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-chowrangee-profile-nayna-bandyopadhyay-won-seat-for-tmc-in-2016-9262831.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> She retained her seat by winning the [[Chowrangee Assembly constituency|Chowrangee constituency]] again in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NAYNA BANDYOPADHYAY |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1995 |work=myneta.info |access-date=30 October 2025 }}</ref>

In April 2023, Bandyopadhyay was seen sharing conversation with the West Bengal [[Chief minister (India)|CM]] Mamata Banerjee. Reportedly, she attempted to touch the feet of the CM, but the latter disapproved her in doing so.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=নয়নাকে লেখা মমতার চিঠির কপি হোর্ডিংয়ে ঝুলছিল, টেনে খোলাল তৃণমূল {{!}} Mamata Banerjees Letter Was Hoarded By Nayana Banerjee, Taken Down On Party Order |url=https://www.thewall.in/news/mamata-banerjees-letter-was-hoarded-by-nayana-banerjee-taken-down-on-party-order/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> The former then burst into tears.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=Nayna Bandyopadhyay: ইফতার পার্টিতে হঠাৎ কান্নায় ভেঙে পড়েছিলেন বিধায়ক, কেন? {{!}} Zee 24 Ghanta {{!}} 24 Ghanta, Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/videos/the-mla-suddenly-burst-into-tears-at-the-iftar-party-why_467604.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Zee24Ghanta.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Nayana Banerjee: পুরসভার ইফতার অনুষ্ঠানে চোখে জল নয়না বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/district/naina-banerjee-s-in-tears-in-iftar-function-970311 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref> It was rumoured that she was denounced by the CM as the latter believed that her performance was not satisfactory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=মমতার ‘বকুনি’ খেয়ে মঞ্চেই কেঁদে ফেললেন বিধায়ক নয়না |url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/home?cid=13&id=449114 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bartamanpatrika.com |language=en}}</ref> Bandyopadhyay later uploaded a photo of a letter written by the CM, on her official Facebook page.<ref>{{Cite web |title=চিঠি দিয়ে 'বকাবকি'-র কথা অস্বীকার মমতার! 'মারতেও পারেন...', বললেন নয়না |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/nayna-bandyopadhyay-dismiss-the-rumor-of-mamata-banerjee-scolding-her-in-kmc-iftar-party/articleshow/99469842.cms |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=‘তোকে ভর্ৎসনা করিনি’, নয়নাকে বেনজির চিঠি মুখ্যমন্ত্রী মমতার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-wrote-a-letter-to-nayna-bandyopadhyay-dgtl/cid/1422237 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> The letter was then made into giant hoardings.

== Filmography ==
=== Feature films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Note
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1986
|''[[Pathbhola]]''
|Rani
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lost guru, guardian: Bengali actors on veteran director Tarun Majumdar's death |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/lost-guru-guardian-bengali-actors-on-veteran-director-tarun-majumdars-death/cid/1873129 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1988
|''Surer Akashe''
|Rinku
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surer Akashe |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MTc3Mw== |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1989
|Amar Tumi
|
|
|
|-
|''Prem Pratigya''
|
|
|
|-
|''Tufan''
|Soma
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1990
|''Anurag''
|
|
|
|-
|''Balidan''
|
|
|
|-
|''Shesh Aghat''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shesh Aghat (1990) |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MTg1Nw== |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
|''Akanksha''
|
|
|
|-
|''Pati Param Guru''
|Pameli
|
|
|-
|1992
|''Shaitan''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitan (1992) |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MTkzMg== |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=Bengali Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|''Ghar Sansar''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''Miss Maitreyi''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Maitreyi |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MjA2NQ== |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
|''Sinthir Sindur''
|Sita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinthir Sindur |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MjA3Nw== |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
|1997
|''Matribhumi''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matribhumi (1997) |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MjExMQ== |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998
|''[[Banglar Badhu]]''
|Purnima
|
|
|-
|''Hingsa''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hingsa |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=MjE1MA== |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>
|-
|Matir Manush
|
|
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Desh (film)|Desh]]''
|Shila Chatterjee
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|''[[Alo (film)|Alo]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''Zehad''
|
|
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Bandhu (2007 film)|Bandhu]]''
|
|
|
|}

=== TV series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Note
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|''Bharat Premkatha''
|Gunakeshi
|
|
|
|-
|''Chowdhury Pharmaceuticals''
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|''Ek Shunyo Ek''
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|''Alokito Ek Indu''
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=- KEY characters |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/key-characters/cid/1263473 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Shanai''
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=- DEVI AND DYNASTY |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/devi-and-dynasty/cid/1267891 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1393416}}
*[http://www.wbassembly.gov.in/MLA_WhosWho.aspx Nayna Bandyopadhyay – WB Assembly profile]
*[https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/nayna-bandyopadhyay-1 Nayna Bandyopadhyay – PRS profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandyopadhyay, Nayna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali television]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

Raipur City South Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T06:56:07Z

Associatedin21: place!

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Raipur Nagar Dakshin
| mla = [[Sunil Kumar Soni]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2024]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:260006}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 51
| map_image = Raipur City South Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Raipur City South Legislative Assembly constituency''' officially, '''Raipur Nagar Dakshin''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |access-date= 3 February 2021}}</ref> The seat was formed in 2008 after the dissolution of [[Raipur Town Assembly constituency|Raipur Town]] constituency. It is part of [[Raipur district|Raipur]] district. Former Minister of [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh Government]] [[Brijmohan Agrawal]] has been the Member of Vidhansabha from 2008 to 2024. He has won four times from this seat only. [[Sunil Kumar Soni|Sunil Soni]] became MLA from this seat after [[2024 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2024 by-election]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{Center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist see '''[[Raipur Town Assembly constituency|Raipur Town]]'''''}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Chhattisgarh Election Result 2023: Full list of winners from BJP and Congress">{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-winners-list-bjp-congress-bhupesh-baghel-live-updates-11701451241747.html|title=Chhattisgarh Election Result 2023: Full list of winners from BJP and Congress|last1=mint|date=3 December 2023|access-date=10 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210105307/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-winners-list-bjp-congress-bhupesh-baghel-live-updates-11701451241747.html|archive-date=10 December 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Result 2023: Full list of winners">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471258-2023-12-03|title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Result 2023: Full list of winners|last1=India Today|date=3 December 2023|access-date=10 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210105315/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471258-2023-12-03|archive-date=10 December 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2024]][[By-election|^]]
|[[Sunil Kumar Soni]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2024 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2024 by-election]]: Raipur City South<ref name="Raipur City South Assembly Constituency By Poll Result 2024">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Raipur City South Assembly Constituency By Poll Result 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S2651.htm |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125121239/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S2651.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sunil Kumar Soni]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=89,220|percentage=65.03|change={{decrease}}4.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Akash Sharma|party=Indian National Congress|votes=43,053|percentage=31.38|change={{increase}}4.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=1,147|percentage=0.84|change={{increase}}0.38}}
{{Election box majority||votes=46,167|percentage=33.65|change={{decrease}}9.13}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,37,195|percentage=50.50|change={{decrease}}9.98}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{decrease}}4.45
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raipur City South}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 109,263
|percentage = 69.48
|change = +16.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mahant Ramsundar Das
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 41,544
|percentage = 26.42
|change = -14.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pradeep Kumar Sahu
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 1,612
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 729
|percentage = 0.46
|change = -0.57
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 67,719
|percentage = 43.06
|change = +31.17
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,57,263
|percentage = 60.48
|change = -1.18
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|swing = +16.48
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raipur City South<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Brijmohan Agrawal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 77,589
|percentage = 52.70
|change = -6.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kanhaiya Agrawal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 60,093
|percentage = 40.81
|change = +6.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Umesh Das Manikpuri
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,514
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Munna Bisen
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 1,363
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,521
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,496
|percentage = 11.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 147,228
|percentage = 61.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = -6.55
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raipur City South<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 31 December 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Brijmohan Agrawal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 81,429
|percentage = 60.2
|change = +2.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kiranmayee Nayak]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=46,630|percentage=34.5|change=-1.42}}
{{Election box majority
|votes=
|percentage=
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=
|percentage=
|change=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|swing = +0.95
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raipur City South<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 31 December 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Brijmohan Agrawal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 65,686
|percentage = 57.91
|change=NA
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=[[Yogesh Tiwari]]
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes=40,747
|percentage=35.92
|change=NA
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes=
|percentage=
|change=NA
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=
|percentage=
|change=NA
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Raipur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.21|81.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Raipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Raipur]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

2016 World Twenty20 final

2026-05-02T12:22:14Z

Associatedin21: added a data

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
| title = 2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final
| image =File:2016 World Twenty20 final cover.jpg
| event = [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]]
| team1 = [[England cricket team|England]]
| team1flag = {{flagicon|ENG|size=50px}}
| team1score = 155/9
| team1overs = 20 overs
| team2 = [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]]
| team2flag = {{flagicon|WIN|size=50px}}
| team2score = 161/6
| team2overs = 19.4 overs
| rain =
| details = West Indies won by 4 wickets
| date = 3 April 2016
| stadium = [[Eden Gardens]]
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Marlon Samuels]] (WI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| attendance = 66,000<ref>Jason Le Miere (3 April 2016). ([http://www.ibtimes.com/video-world-t20-final-2016-highlights-score-west-indies-beat-england-sensational-2347591 "VIDEO World T20 Final 2016: Highlights, Score; West Indies Beat England In Sensational Final Over"] – ''[[International Business Times]]''. Retrieved 4 April 2016.</ref>
| television = [[Nine Network]]
| previous = [[2014 World Twenty20 final|2014]]
| next = [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup final|2021]]
|caption=Match programme cover|imagesize=}}

The '''2016 World Twenty20 final''' was played at the [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata]] on 3 April 2016 to determine the winners of the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]] between England and the West Indies.<ref>{{cite web|title=World T20, Final: England vs West Indies at Kolkata, Apr 3, 2016|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951373.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref> The West Indies won the match by 4 wickets, thus becoming the first team to win the [[ICC World Twenty20]] twice.<ref name="2nd">{{cite web
|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/994611.html
|title=Brathwaite sixes take WI to thrilling title win
|author=
|date=3 April 2016
|publisher=ESPNcricinfo
|access-date=3 April 2016
}}</ref> Also, [[Daren Sammy]] became only the second West Indies captain after [[Clive Lloyd]] (winning captain of [[Cricket World Cup]] in [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]] and [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]) to win multiple ICC events as captain. The match recorded the highest attendance ever (66,000) for an [[ICC World T20]] Finals until [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup final|2022]].

==Background==
Prior to the tournament, there were concerns that some of the West Indies players may withdraw from the tournament with a dispute over pay,<ref name="contract">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/971003.html |title=Contract crisis threatens West Indies on eve of World Twenty20 |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=9 February 2016 }}</ref> with a possibility of a second-string team being sent.<ref name="second">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/971153.html |title=WI players given four days to accept terms |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=10 February 2016 }}</ref> West Indies captain [[Darren Sammy]] had exchanged letters with the [[West Indies Cricket Board]] (WICB) expressing his concerns regarding the payment players were due to receive for taking part in the tournament.<ref name="letters">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/971165.html |title=The exchange of letters that show the deep rifts in West Indies cricket |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="strike">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/971531.html |title='Players never said they would strike' – Darren Sammy |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Sammy went on to say that "...we want to play and will represent the West Indies to the best of our abilities".<ref name="play">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/971647.html |title=West Indies players want to play World T20 – Sammy |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Before this match England and the West Indies had played each other in two [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] finals – the final of the [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979 World Cup]] at Lord's and the final of the [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy Final|2004 Champions Trophy final]] at the Oval – both of which the West Indies won. This was also the first final between two previous champions – England won the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010 World T20]] for their first ICC world championship while the West Indies won the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012 World T20]].

Both teams were drawn into Super 10s Group 1 alongside Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. They played each other in their opening game on 16 March at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] in Mumbai, with the West Indies winning by six wickets with 11 balls to spare. West Indian opener [[Chris Gayle]] scored an [[Not out (cricket)|unbeaten]] 100 runs off 47 balls, including 11 [[Boundary (cricket)|sixes]], becoming the first player to hit two T20 International centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/983733.html|title=Gayle's 47-ball ton wipes out England|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=16 March 2016 |access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref>

Immediately before the men's final, the West Indies won the [[2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20|women's tournament]] with an [[2016 ICC Womens World Twenty20 Final|eight-wicket victory]] over three-time defending champions Australia, also at Eden Gardens, which gave them the chance to be the first to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20 on the same day.

==Road to the Final==
{{main|2016 ICC World Twenty20}}

===England===
Despite having been the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010 World T20]] champions, England had not advanced past the group stage of the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|previous year's World Cup]] and had included only one member of their 2010 champion squad – Irish-born batsman and captain [[Eoin Morgan]]. Despite selecting a relatively inexperienced team, England did include players who had World Cup experience and had won [[The Ashes|Ashes]] series. They were also in the midst of a limited overs overhaul that eventually brought them victory in the [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019 World Cup]] on home soil, with members who eventually played in both tournaments including batsmen [[Joe Root]] and [[Jason Roy]], all-rounder [[Ben Stokes]], wicketkeeper [[Jos Buttler]], fast bowler [[Liam Plunkett]] and leg-spinner [[Adil Rashid]].

After their loss to the West Indies, England beat South Africa with the highest successful run chase (229) in World T20 history before beating Afghanistan and then Sri Lanka to reach the semifinal. In the semifinal they came up against unbeaten New Zealand in Delhi. New Zealand made a strong start to be 89 for 1 after 10 overs, before tight bowling by Stokes and [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] kept them to 153. Opener Roy scored 78 off 44, a Man of the Match performance, to lead England to a seven-wicket victory with 17 balls remaining.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/992821.html|title=Roy's 78 sets up England charge to final|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref>

===West Indies===
Despite subpar performances in Test and ODI cricket, the West Indies entered the tournament ranked second in the ICC T20I rankings. Several members of the squad had extensive Twenty20 experience, and most had been part of the 2012 title-winning team. Off-spinner [[Sunil Narine]] and all-rounder [[Kieron Pollard]] were notable exceptions, but the Windies still fielded power-hitting all-rounders [[Chris Gayle]], [[Andre Russell]] and [[Marlon Samuels]] in addition to captain [[Darren Sammy]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/978769.html|title=T20 specialists give weakened West Indies hope|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref>

After prevailing against England, they defeated Sri Lanka in a rematch of the 2012 final and then South Africa. They suffered an upset loss to Afghanistan in their final group match, but with first place in the group already secured. In the semifinal they came up against the hosts India in Mumbai, and India batted first with [[Virat Kohli]]'s unbeaten 89 off 47 propelling India to 192/2 in their 20 overs. In reply, Gayle was bowled for just 5 and Samuels was dismissed soon after to leave the West Indies in trouble at 19/2. However, power hitting saw the West Indies home, with Russell's six off Kohli with two balls to spare clinching a win by seven wickets. Late replacement [[Lendl Simmons]] led the chase, surviving being caught twice off [[no-ball]]s to score an unbeaten 82 off 51 balls and earn Man of the Match.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Twenty20 2016: West Indies stun India to reach final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/35936474#:~:text=West%20Indies%20will%20meet%20England,Chris%20Gayle%20fell%20for%20five.|work=BBC|date=31 March 2016 |access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref>

==Match details==
===Match officials ===

'''Source:<ref>{{cite web |access-date=1 April 2016 |title=ICC announces umpire and match referee appointments for finals of ICC World Twenty20 India 2016 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/icc-announces-umpire-and-match-referee-appointments-for-finals-of-icc-world-twenty20-india-2016 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref>'''

* On-field umpires: [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
* TV umpire: [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
* Reserve umpire: [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
* Match referee: [[Ranjan Madugalle]] (SL)

===Match summary ===
The West Indies started well with Badree bowling Roy for a duck with just the second ball and fellow opener [[Alex Hales]] being caught off [[Andre Russell]] in the second over. Morgan was caught at slip by Gayle off Badree to leave England at 3/23 after 4.4 overs. Root helped England climb back into the game with 54 off 36, but he was caught playing an uncharacteristic paddle sweep off [[Carlos Brathwaite]]. [[Dwayne Bravo]] then took two wickets in three balls dropping England from 110/4 to 111/7. Batting deep, England managed to finish at 155/9 after their 20 overs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/994611.html|title=WI grab title after Brathwaite 6, 6, 6, 6|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>

Root was a surprising choice to bowl the second over of the West Indian innings but immediately dismissed both Gayle and fellow opener [[Johnson Charles]]. [[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]] subsequently had Simmons out LBW for a golden duck leaving the West Indies 11/3 in the third over. A partnership of 75 between Bravo and Samuels kept the West Indies in the game and they were still in with a chance with 45 runs needed from the last four overs. Tight bowling left them nineteen runs behind going into the final over, but Brathwaite hit four consecutive sixes off the first four balls from [[Ben Stokes]] to seal the win.<ref name=":0" />

Only three West Indian batsmen reached double figures: Samuels, Brathwaite and Bravo. Samuels finished with an unbeaten 85 off 66, the highest score in World Twenty20 final history. Brathwaite broke the record for the most runs by a single batsman in the final over of a successful chase (Brathwaite's 24 beating [[Michael Hussey]]'s 22 for Australia off Pakistan's [[Saeed Ajmal]] in the 2010 semifinals in St. Lucia). Samuels earned Man of the Match for his 85 not out for his second World Twenty20 final Man of the Match and his second final half century.

Victory meant that the West Indies had won their fourth ICC world championship after the 1975 and 1979 World Cups and the 2012 World Twenty20. They also became the first to win two men's World Twenty20s and the first to win both the women's and men's tournaments on the same day.

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = {{anchor|match35}} 3 April
| time = 19:00
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 155/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Joe Root]] 54 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| team2 = {{Cr|WIN}}
| score2 = 161/6 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Marlon Samuels]] 85[[Not out|*]] (66)
| wickets2 = [[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Marlon Samuels]] (WI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951373.html Scorecard]
| result = West Indies won by 4 wickets
}}

==Scorecard==

'''Source:<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 April 2016 |title=2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2015-16-901359/england-vs-west-indies-final-951373/full-scorecard |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>'''

;1st innings
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{cr|ENG}} batting}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jason Roy]] |status=b [[Samuel Badree|Badree]]|runs=0|balls=2|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Alex Hales]] |status=c [[Samuel Badree|Badree]] b [[Andre Russell|Russell]]|runs=1|balls=3|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=33.33}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Joe Root]] |status=c [[Sulieman Benn|Benn]] b [[Carlos Brathwaite|Brathwaite]]|runs=54|balls=36|4s=7|6s=0|strike_rate=150.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Eoin Morgan]] * |status=c [[Chris Gayle|Gayle]] b [[Samuel Badree|Badree]]|runs=5|balls=12|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=41.66}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jos Buttler]] † |status=c [[Dwayne Bravo|Bravo]] b [[Carlos Brathwaite|Brathwaite]]|runs=36|balls=22|4s=1|6s=3|strike_rate=163.63}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ben Stokes]] |status=c [[Lendl Simmons|Simmons]] b [[Dwayne Bravo|Bravo]]|runs=13|balls=8|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=162.50}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Moeen Ali]] |status=c †[[Denesh Ramdin|Ramdin]] b [[Dwayne Bravo|Bravo]]|runs=0|balls=2|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] |status= not out|runs=12|balls=13|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=92.30}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]] |status=c [[Johnson Charles|Charles]] b [[Carlos Brathwaite|Brathwaite]]|runs=21|balls=14|4s=1|6s=2|strike_rate=150.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Liam Plunkett]] |status=c [[Samuel Badree|Badree]] b [[Dwayne Bravo|Bravo]]|runs=4|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Adil Rashid]] |status= not out|runs=4|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}

{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(lb 4, w 1)|runs=5|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(9 wickets; 20 overs)|runs='''155''' |balls=|4s=12|6s=5|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

Fall of wickets: 1/0 (Roy, 0.2 ov), 2/8 (Hales, 1.5 ov), 3/23 (Morgan, 4.4 ov), 4/84 (Buttler, 11.2 ov), 5/110 (Stokes, 13.4 ov), 6/110 (Ali, 13.6 ov), 7/111 (Root, 14.1 ov), 8/136 (Willey, 17.3 ov), 9/142 (Plunkett, 18.3 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{cr|WIN}} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Samuel Badree]]|overs=4|maiden=1|runs=16|wickets=2|econ=4.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Andre Russell]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=21|wickets=1|econ=5.25|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Sulieman Benn]]|overs=3|maiden=0|runs=40|wickets=0|econ=13.33|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Dwayne Bravo]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=37|wickets=3|econ=9.25|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Carlos Brathwaite]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=23|wickets=3|econ=5.75|wides=1|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Daren Sammy]] *|overs=1|maiden=0|runs=14|wickets=0|econ=14.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

;2nd innings
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{cr|WIN}} batting}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Johnson Charles]] |status=c [[Ben Stokes|Stokes]] b [[Joe Root|Root]]|runs=1|balls=7|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=14.28}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Chris Gayle]] |status=c [[Ben Stokes|Stokes]] b [[Joe Root|Root]]|runs=4|balls=2|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=200.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Marlon Samuels]] |status= not out|runs=85|balls=66|4s=9|6s=2|strike_rate=128.78}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Lendl Simmons]] |status=lbw b [[David Willey (cricketer)|Willey]] |runs=0|balls=1|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Dwayne Bravo]] |status=c [[Joe Root|Root]] b [[Adil Rashid|Rashid]]|runs=25|balls=27|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=92.59}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Andre Russell]] |status=c [[Ben Stokes|Stokes]] b [[David Willey (cricketer)|Willey]]|runs=1|balls=3|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=33.33}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Daren Sammy]] * |status=c [[Alex Hales|Hales]] b [[David Willey (cricketer)|Willey]]|runs=2|balls=2|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Carlos Brathwaite]] |status= not out|runs=34|balls=10|4s=1|6s=4|strike_rate=340.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Denesh Ramdin]] † |status=did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Samuel Badree]] |status=did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Sulieman Benn]] |status=did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}

{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(lb 3, w 6)|runs=9|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(6 wickets; 19.4 overs)|runs='''161''' |balls=|4s=12|6s=7|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

Fall of wickets: 1/1 (Charles, 1.1 ov), 2/5 (Gayle, 1.3 ov), 3/11 (Simmons, 2.3 ov), 4/86 (Bravo, 13.6 ov), 5/104 (Russell, 15.1 ov), 6/107 (Sammy, 15.3 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{cr|ENG}} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]] |overs=4|maiden=0|runs=20|wickets=3|econ=5.00|wides=2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Joe Root]] |overs=1|maiden=0|runs=9|wickets=2|econ=9.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] |overs=4|maiden=0|runs=36|wickets=0|econ=9.00|wides=1|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Liam Plunkett]] |overs=4|maiden=0|runs=29|wickets=0|econ=7.25|wides=1|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Adil Rashid]] |overs=4|maiden=0|runs=23|wickets=1|econ=5.75|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ben Stokes]] |overs=2.4|maiden=0|runs=41|wickets=0|econ=15.37|wides=2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Key'''
* <nowiki>*</nowiki> – [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
* {{dagger}} – [[Wicket-keeper]]
* c ''Fielder'' – Indicates that the batsman was dismissed by a catch by the named [[Fielding (cricket)|fielder]]
* b ''Bowler'' – Indicates which [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] gains credit for the dismissal

==Aftermath==
At the presentation ceremony, man of the match [[Marlon Samuels]] dedicated his award to [[Shane Warne]], saying "I answer with the bat, not the mic".<ref name="Shane">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/994907.html |title='This is for Shane Warne' – Samuels |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> This was in response to an ongoing war-of-words between the two players that dates back to an altercation at the [[2012–13 Big Bash League season|2013–14 Big Bash League]].<ref name="BBL">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/20947051 |title=Shane Warne defends Big Bash bust-up with Marlon Samuels |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> West Indies captain Darren Sammy criticised the WICB during the presentation speech, saying "I'm yet to hear from our own cricket board (during the tournament). That is very disappointing".<ref name="WICB">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/35953998 |title=World Twenty20 2016: West Indies captain Darren Sammy hits back at critics |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="disappointed">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/994925.html |title=Emotional Sammy disappointed by lack of WICB support |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> England captain Eoin Morgan said that "we let ourselves down with the bat and probably fell about 40 short"<ref name="Morgan40">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/35955518 |title=World Twenty20: West Indies beat England to claim second title |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> and defended [[Ben Stokes]] bowling in the final over saying "it's not his fault".<ref name="Stokes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/35954795 |title=World Twenty20 final: Ben Stokes not to blame for England defeat – Morgan |access-date=4 April 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref>

Following the conclusion of the match, the ICC named its World Twenty20 team of the tournament. This included two players from the West Indies team ([[Andre Russell]] and [[Samuel Badree]]) and four players from the England team ([[Jason Roy]], [[Joe Root]], [[Jos Buttler]] and [[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]]).<ref name="XI">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/35960120 |title=World Twenty20 2016: Four England players in team of tournament |access-date=5 April 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> In [[Saint Lucia]], the Beauséjour Stadium was renamed the [[Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium]], following the West Indies win.<ref name="stadium">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/995351.html |title=St Lucia renames stadium in honour of Darren Sammy |access-date=6 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

On 25 April, the ICC reprimanded some of the West Indies players for their comments at the post-match interviews saying that "certain comments and actions were inappropriate, disrespectful and brought the event into disrepute".<ref name="reprimanded">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/1003487.html |title=West Indies players reprimanded for World T20 outbursts |access-date=25 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{ICC World Twenty20}}
{{International cricket in 2015–16}}

[[Category:Men's T20 World Cup finals]]
[[Category:2016 World Twenty20]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Cricket in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Barbados–United Kingdom sports relations]]
[[Category:Jamaica–United Kingdom sports relations]]
[[Category:Saint Lucia–United Kingdom sports relations]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom sports relations]]
[[Category:England in international cricket]]
[[Category:West Indies in international cricket]]

Kochouseph Chittilappilly

2026-05-02T05:56:52Z

Associatedin21: made a article more to come...

{{Short description|Indian businessman and activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kochouseph Chittilappilly
| image = Kochouseph Chittilappilly DS.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1950}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wonderla.com/board-of-directors/mr-kochouseph-chittilappilly.html |title=Mr. Kochouseph Chittilappilly | Wonderla Amusement Parks & Resort }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Parappur]], [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Travancore–Cochin|State of Travancore–Cochin]], [[Dominion of India]] (present day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Businessperson]]|[[Writer]]}}
| known_for = {{Bulleted_list|[[Business]]|[[Philanthropy]]|[[Humanism]]}}
| children = 2 (including Arun Chittilappilly)
| parents =
| awards = {{bulleted_list|Rashtriya Samman by the [[Government of India]]|Millennium Businessman of Kerala|Tourism Man of the Year 2000|[[Manorama News]] Newsmaker of the Year 2011<ref name="V Guard MD selected as 'Newsmaker of the Year 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/v-guard-md-selected-as-newsmaker-of-the-year-2011-567889 | title=V Guard MD selected as 'Newsmaker of the Year 2011 | publisher=NDTV | date=9 January 2012 | accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref>|TMA Manager of the Year 2000|ATTOI Tourism Man of the Year 2011}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.kochousephchittilappilly.com|Official Website}}
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Christ College, Irinjalakuda]]|[[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]]}}
| education = [[Master of Science]] ([[Physics]])
| years_active =
| spouse = Sheela Chittilappilly
}}

'''Kochouseph Thomas Chittilappilly''' (born 1950) is an Indian [[business magnate]], writer, [[investor]] and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman and [[Chief Executive Officer]] of [[V-Guard Industries]], a chain of amusement parks called [[Wonderla]], a real estate apartment construction venture {{URL|https://www.veegaland.com/|Veegaland Homes}} and a wellness park & event hub named {{URL|https://www.chittilappillysquare.com/|Chittilappilly Square}}. ''K. Chittilappilly Foundation'', a non profit organization founded by him, is engaged in charitable and philanthropic activities.<ref name="Amazon profile">{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&text=Kochouseph+Chittilappilly&search-alias=books&field-author=Kochouseph+Chittilappilly&sort=relevancerank | title=Amazon profile | publisher=Amazon | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things">{{cite web | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-22/news/29569008_1_v-guard-industries-kidneys-kochouseph-chittilappilly | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530071602/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-22/news/29569008_1_v-guard-industries-kidneys-kochouseph-chittilappilly | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 May 2011 | title=Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things | publisher=Economic Times | date=22 May 2011 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=BW>{{cite web|title=Kochouseph Thomas Chittilappilly|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=33404075&ticker=VGRD:IN|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131105174907/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=33404075&ticker=VGRD:IN|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2013|publisher=[[Business Week]]}}</ref><ref name="Businessman donates kidney to truck driver, sets off chain reaction">{{cite web | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/businessman-donates-kidney-to-truck-driver-sets-off-chain-reaction/739139/ | title=Businessman donates kidney to truck driver, sets off chain reaction | date=19 January 2011 | accessdate=8 October 2015 | author=Shaju Philip | newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="Against the current : UNUSUAL ENTREPRENEURS—INNOVATORS">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/20081208-against-the-current-738385-2008-11-27 | title=Against the current : UNUSUAL ENTREPRENEURS—INNOVATORS | date=28 Nov 2008 | author=M.G. Radhakrishnan | newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref name="Founder's profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.vguard.in/about-us/founder-profile | title=Founder's profile | publisher=V Guard | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref>

Chittilappilly is a recipient of the ''Rashtriya Samman'' award from the [[Government of India]] for being among the highest taxpayers and the ''Newsmaker of the Year 2011'' award from [[Malayala Manorama]].

As the chairman of the Stray Dog Free movement, he has advocated for government action to address the "menace" of [[stray dog]]s in his home state of [[Kerala]], and has criticized legislation forbidding the killing of stray dogs.<ref name="The Hindu" /> As of January 2023, he is a part of the Twenty20 party and serves as an advisory member. In 2022, he was honoured with [[Kerala Awards|Kerala Sree Award]], third highest civilian award given by the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala declares 1st-ever Padma-inspired awards; MT gets highest honour |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/nov/01/kerala-declares-1st-ever-padma-inspired-awards-mt-gets-highest-honour-2513604.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The New Indian Express|date=November 2022 }}</ref><ref name="K Chittilappilly Foundation">{{cite web | url=http://kcfoundation.in/about-us.php | title=K Chittilappilly Foundation | publisher=K Chittilappilly Foundation | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg profile">{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=33404075&ticker=VGRD:IN | title=Bloomberg profile | publisher=Bloomberg | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref>

==Biography==

Kochouseph Chittilappilly was born to C. O. Thomas of the Chittilappilly house in [[Parappur]], a suburb of [[Thrissur]] in the erstwhile [[Travancore–Cochin|State of Travancore–Cochin]] (present day [[Kerala]]) in December 1950.<ref name="Leaders of Kerala profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.leadersofkerala.com/documents/Biography/43_43.pdf | title=Leaders of Kerala profile | publisher=Leaders of Kerala | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072607/http://www.leadersofkerala.com/documents/Biography/43_43.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> His early schooling was at the local church school after which he graduated from [[Christ College, Irinjalakuda]] and followed it with a master's degree in Physics from [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]] in 1970.<ref name="Leaders of Kerala profile" /> His career kickstarted in 1973 at Telics, a [[Thiruvananthapuram]] based electronics company manufacturing voltage stabilizers and emergency lamps, in the capacity of a supervisor where he worked for three years.<ref name="BW" />

In 1977, he founded [[V-Guard Industries]], a small electronics manufacturing unit for the production of voltage stabilizers with a capital of {{INR}}100,000.<ref name="Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things" /> The company which had 2 employees at its modest manufacturing facility in [[Thrissur]] at inception, grew over the years to become the largest selling stabilizer brand in India.<ref name="Stabilising Effect">{{cite web | url=https://www.valueresearchonline.com/story/h2_storyView.asp?str=26062 | title=Stabilising Effect | publisher=Value Research Online | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> The company claims to have 500 distributors, 3000 dealers, 20,000 retailers and a network of service centers across India<ref name="V-Guard Story">{{cite web | url=http://www.vguard.in/about-us/story | title=V-Guard Story | publisher=V-Guard | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> supporting a product range composed of Pumps and Motors, Electric and Solar Water Heaters, Wiring Cables, UPS, and Ceiling Fans.<ref name="Leaders of Kerala profile" /> The company has an Indian market share of 20 percent in UPS segment, 15 percent in pumps, 12 percent in water heaters and 7 percent in wiring cables segments.<ref name="Stabilising Effect" />

Chittilapilly is reported to have introduced a new business model by total product outsourcing coupled with in-house quality control when his factories were shut down following a workers' strike in the 1980s.<ref name="Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things" /> Later, diversifying the business, he started the first water theme park in the state of Kerala under the name, ''Veegaland'', in 2000.<ref name="Leaders of Kerala profile" /> Another park on a larger scale, [[Wonderla]], was subsequently started in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="Leaders of Kerala profile" /> Veegaland has since been renamed as Wonderla Kochi, in an effort to establish the name as a brand.<ref name="Dakshin Personality of the Month">{{cite web | url=http://www.dakshinroutes.com/Tour-Packages/kochouseph-chittilappilly.aspx | title=Dakshin Personality of the Month | publisher=Dakshin Routes | date=2015 | accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Wonderla Kochi">{{cite web | url=http://www.wonderla.com/kochi-amusement-park/ | title=Wonderla Kochi | publisher=Wonderla Kochi | date=2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> Veegaland Developers is another venture by Kochouseph Chittillappilly that is in to construction of ready to occupy flats and apartments in [[Kochi]].

Chittilapilly is married to Sheela and the couple has two sons Arun Chittilappilly and Mithun Chittilappilly. Sheela is the Managing Director of [[V-Star Creations]], a group company. Arun heads the amusement park business, [[Wonderla]] and Mithun is the incumbent Managing Director of [[V-Guard Industries]].<ref name="Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things" />

==Writing career==
Chittilappilly published his first book, ''Practical Wisdom'', in 2005, which is an account of practical management techniques he derived from his personal experiences.<ref name=BW /><ref name="Practical Wisdom">{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Practical-Wisdom-Kochouseph-Chittilappilly/dp/B007E4Y8NA | title=Practical Wisdom | publisher=DC Books | author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly | year=2005 | asin=B007E4Y8NA}}</ref> Two more books in the same series followed, Practical Wisdom 1: In Real Life and Management (2010)<ref name="Practical Wisdom 1: In Real Life and Management">{{cite book | title=Practical Wisdom 1: In Real Life and Management | publisher=Viva Books | author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly | year=2010 | pages=250 | isbn=978-8130923987}}</ref> and Practical Wisdom 2: In Real Life and Management (2012).<ref name="Practical Wisdom 2: In Real Life and Management">{{cite book | title=Practical Wisdom 2: In Real Life and Management | publisher=Viva Books | author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly | year=2012 | pages=144 | isbn= 978-8130921198}}</ref> His autobiographical books ''Ormakilivathil'' (2011), a commentary on social life in Kerala in the 1950s, and ''Ormakalilekku Oru Yathra'' (2015), wherein he shares the story of the making of a business man and his personal philosophy of life, are combined and translated into English as ''A Journey Towards Hope''. He narrates the inspiring story of how he donated his kidney and became ''<nowiki/>'''rich' at heart in his book ''The Gift'' (2016).

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |url=https://www.vivabooksindia.com/book/practical-wisdom-1 |title=Practical Wisdom |publisher=DC Books |author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly |year=2005 |asin=B007E4Y8NA}}
* {{cite book |url=https://www.vivabooksindia.com/ |title=Practical Wisdom 1: In Real Life and Management |title-link= |publisher=Viva Books |author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly |year=2010 |pages=250 |isbn=978-8130923987}}
* {{cite book |url=https://www.amazon.com/Ormakkilivathil-Kochouseph-Chittilappilly/dp/B007E5GXFU/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1439303527&sr=1-4 |title=Ormakkilivathil |publisher=DC Books |author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly |year=2011 |isbn=978-8126431243}}
* {{cite book |url=https://www.vivabooksindia.com/book/practical-wisdom-2 |title=Practical Wisdom 2: In Real Life and Management |publisher=Viva Books |author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly |year=2012 |pages=144 |isbn=978-8130921198}}
* {{cite book | url=https://secure.mathrubhumi.com/books/biography/bookdetails/2839/ormakalilekku-oru-yathra | title= Ormakalilekku Oru Yathra | publisher=Mathrubhumi Books | author=Kochouseph Chittilappilly | year=2015 | pages=230 | isbn = 9788182665194 }}
* Kochouseph Chittilappilly (2016). ''[https://rupapublications.co.in/books/the-gift/ The Gift].'' Rupa Publications''.'' p. 195

==Philanthropic and humanitarian activities==
[[File:ORGAN DONATION APPRECIATION FUNCTION.jpg|thumb]]
K. Chittilapilly Foundation, founded by Kochouseph Chittilapilly, is a non-profit organization and serves as the conduit for his philanthropic activities.<ref name="Chittilappilly Foundation declares organ donation awards">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Chittilappilly-Foundation-declares-organ-donation-awards/articleshow/18455431.cms | title=Chittilappilly Foundation declares organ donation awards | publisher=Times of India | date=12 February 2013 | accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref> The foundation, based in Kakkanadu, Kochi, also oversees the activities of Thomas Chittilapilly Trust, another charitable venture of Chittilapilly which is named after his father and runs two institutions, an old age home where elderly people are housed and provided with sustenance and medical care, and ''Shantimandiram'', a home for destitute children where they are provided with shelter, education, and food. The institutions are managed by the Sisters of Nirmala Province, a province of catholic nuns located at [[Kolazhy]] in [[Thrissur]]. It has also instituted an organ donation award for recognizing people who come forward for organ donation and to promote organ donation among people. The foundation offers awards for those who voluntarily donate their own organs or to families who donate the organs of their [[brain death|brain-dead]] relatives; the awards carry cash components ranging from {{INR}}100,000 to {{INR}}500,000, totaling {{INR}}3.7 million every year.<ref name="Chittilappilly Foundation declares organ donation awards" />

In 2011, Chittilapilly donated one of his kidneys to a stranger, a truck driver, and started an organ donor chain - where one of the family members of the recipient had to donate an organ thereby forming a donor chain.<ref name="Kochouseph Chittilappilly: Founder of V-Guard Industries does 'unconventional' things" /> As a part of the program, Chittilapilly donated one of his kidneys to a truck driver, becoming the first depositor with the [[Kidney Federation of India]] (KFI) and is now closely associated with the movement.<ref name="Businessman donates kidney to truck driver, sets off chain reaction" /> The K. Chittilapilly Foundation joined hands with [[Mathrubhumi]] for the 'Ente Veedu' project that aims to build homes for the homeless. As part of the Rs 40 crore project, 1000 deserving families will be presented with houses.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chittilappilly-Mathrubhumi "Ente Veedu" project: A mission to build 1,000 houses for homeless. |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chittilappilly-mathrubhumi-ente-veedu-project-a-mission-to-build-1-000-houses-for-homeless-1.7474007 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=29 April 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023}}</ref>

==Stray Dog Free movement==
{{Main|Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala}}
Chittilappilly is the chairman of the Stray Dog Free movement, which advocates action against the risks allegedly posed by [[stray dog]]s in Kerala, including the amendment of legislation forbidding the killing of these dogs.<ref name="NDTV.com">{{cite web | title=Kerala's Leading Businessman Goes on Hunger Strike Against Street Dogs | website=NDTV.com | date=2015-10-26 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/keralas-leading-businessman-goes-on-hunger-strike-against-street-dogs-1236253 | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref> The movement has pointed to the danger of [[rabies]] and referred to stray dogs as a "menace".<ref name="Express"/> Chittilappilly has staged hunger strikes to protest this legislation, and what he claims is governmental failure to address this issue.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web | title=A day's strike to tackle stray menace | website=The Hindu | date=2015-10-20 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/a-days-strike-to-tackle-stray-menace/article7782645.ece | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref><ref name="Times">{{cite web | title=Chittilappilly to stage hunger strike in T'puram | website=The Times of India | date=2016-02-07 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Chittilappilly-to-stage-hunger-strike-in-Tpuram/articleshow/50886686.cms | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref> He has stated that the government's actions amount to valuing stray dogs over human lives and property.<ref name="Basheer">{{cite web | last=Basheer | first=KPM | title=A dogged drive against stray dogs | website=The Hindu Business Line | date=2015-10-20 | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/a-dogged-drive-against-stray-dogs/article7784837.ece | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref> He has encouraged citizens to pressure the government to amend these laws, and to kill stray dogs themselves despite the accompanying 50-[[rupee]] fine.<ref name="Express">{{cite web| title=Chittilappilly Stages Fast Against Stray Dog Menace | website=The New Indian Express | date=2016-03-05 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Chittilappilly-Stages-Fast-Against-Stray-Dog-Menace/2016/02/21/article3288358.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222095214/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Chittilappilly-Stages-Fast-Against-Stray-Dog-Menace/2016/02/21/article3288358.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 February 2016 | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref><ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web | title=Chittilappilly launches hunger strike over stray dog menace | website=Mathrubhumi | date=2016-02-21 | url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chittilappilly-launches-hunger-strike-over-stray-dog-menace-english-news-1.879873 | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref> Chittilappilly has been arrested under statutes preventing cruelty to animals after tying four stray dogs in front of a police station.<ref name="Times Booked">{{cite web | title=Chittilappilly booked for cruelty against strays | website=The Times of India | date=2015-10-20 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Chittilappilly-booked-for-cruelty-against-strays/articleshow/49462105.cms | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref>

The movement is related to governmental plans to cull stray dogs which have prompted an international campaign to "Boycott Kerala Tourism".<ref name="NDTV.com"/><ref name="Mohan 2015">{{cite web | last=Mohan | first=Neethu | title=Stray dogs culling: Boycott Kerala campaign gains momentum | website=www.oneindia.com | date=2015-07-14 | url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/stray-dogs-culling-boycott-kerala-campaign-gains-momentum-1806273.html | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref><ref name="BBC 2015">{{cite web| title=How far will India's dog-lovers go to save strays? | website=BBC News | date=2015-08-10 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-33822511 | accessdate=2016-03-05}}</ref> Opponents of the Stray Dog Free movement have argued that [[Rabies vaccine#Other animals|vaccination]] and [[spay/neuter]] campaigns are a more effective and humane method of controlling the stray dog population. Members of the Stray Dog Free movement have alleged that opposition is being funded by [[rabies vaccine]] manufacturers.<ref name="Ajeesh">{{cite news |work=Prokerala | last=Ajeesh | first=A. | title=NGOs opposing culling of stray dogs financed by anti-rabies vaccine lobby: Collector Biju Prabhakar |date=2016-02-20}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Chittilapilly is a recipient of ''Rashtriya Samman'' from the [[Government of India]] for being the highest taxpayer in India.<ref name="BW" /><ref name=" Dakshin Personality of the Month" /> He was selected as the ''[[Malayala Manorama]] Newsmaker of the Year (Manorama News) 2011'', the year he became an organ donor, the award reaching him in 2012.<ref name="V Guard MD selected as 'Newsmaker of the Year 2011" /> He is also a recipient of awards such as ''Millennium Businessman of Kerala'' from Business [[Deepika]],<ref name="BW" /> ''Tourism Man of the Year 2000'' from Destination Kerala,<ref name="BW" /> ''Manager of the Year 2000'' from the Travancore Management Association and ''Tourism Man of the Year 2011'' from the Association of Tourism Trade Organisations, India (ATTOI).<ref name="Dakshin Personality of the Month" /> He was conferred the [[Kerala Awards|Kerala Sree]] award instituted by Government of Kerala in 2022.

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Davis Chiramel]]
* [[Uma Preman]]
* [[Kidney Federation of India]]
* [[V-Guard Industries Ltd|V-Guard Industries]]
* [[Wonderla]]
* [[Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kochouseph Chittilappilly}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ9TvTkuOcE Promotional documentary about Chittilappily on YouTube]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chittilappilly, Kochouseph}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:St. Thomas College, Thrissur, alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Thrissur]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Cruelty to animals]]
[[Category:Kerala Sree Award Winners]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]

INS Mulki (1983)

2026-05-02T04:01:47Z

Associatedin21:

{{Short description| Retired Mahe-class minesweeper of the Indian Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}{{other ships|INS Mulki}}{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image =
|image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header =
|country = India
|flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name = INS Mulki (M 87)
|namesake = [[Mulki, India|Mulki]]
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|builder = [[Leningrad]], USSR
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|commissioned = 16 May 1983
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|decommissioned = 2003
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|homeport = [[Kochi, India|Kochi]]
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|status = Decommissioned
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}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header =
|header_caption =
|class = [[Mahé-class minesweeper]]
|type =
|tonnage =
|displacement = 100 tons full load
|length = 26  m
|beam = 5.5 m
|height =
|draught = 1.5 m
|draft =
|depth =
|hold_depth =
|decks =
|deck_clearance =
|ramps =
|ice_class =
|power =
|propulsion = Two diesel engines with 600 hp sustained and 2 shafts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Mahe.html |title=Mahé {Yevgenya} Class |website=Bharat Rakshak |access-date=2010-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331031448/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Mahe.html |archive-date=31 March 2009 }}</ref>
|sail_plan =
|speed = {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}
|range = {{convert|300|nmi|km|1}} at {{convert|10|kn|km/h|0}}
|endurance =
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|complement = 10
|crew = 25
|time_to_activate =
|sensors = MG-7 sonar
|EW =
|armament = 2 x 25mm/80 twin guns
|armour =
|armor =
|aircraft =
|aircraft_facilities =
|notes = *Primarily used for:
**Inshore mine sweeping
**Harbor defense
**Coastal patrolling
}}
}}

The '''INS ''Mulki''''' was a [[Mahé class minesweeper|Mahé class minesweeper]] in the [[Indian Navy]], named after [[Mulki, India]], a port on the [[Malabar Coast]], southwest India. She remained in service until decommissioned in 2003.

== Service==
{{Expand section|date=May 2010}}


The INS Mulki was in service from 1983 to 2003.<ref>{{Cite thesis |degree=Bachelor |last=Likhita |first=Karanam |date=May 2018 |title=Maritime & Marine Museum and Library |publisher=National Institute of Technology Rourkela |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331968769 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mahé-class minesweeper}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulki, INS}}
[[Category:Mahé-class minesweepers]]

Bidar Bakht

2026-04-30T02:38:09Z

Associatedin21: added a post

{{Short description|Mughal prince (1670–1707)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bidar Bakht {{Nastaliq|بیدار بخت}}
| title = [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] [[Mirza (noble)|Mirza]]<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/595548/past-present-emperors-new-names Mughal title ''Mirza''], the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers.</ref>
| image = Shahzada Bidar Bakht.jpg
| caption = Prince Bidar Bakht holding a matchlock {{circa|1705}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1670|8|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Agra Subah|Subah of Agra]], Mughal Empire (present-day [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1707|6|20|1670|8|4|df=yes}}
| succession = [[Malwa Subah|Subahdar of Malwa]]
| reign = 3 August 1704 – April 1706
| reg-type = [[Mughal emperor|Padishah]]
| regent = [[Aurangzeb]]
| succession1 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Gujarat Subah|Gujrat]]
| reign1 = 1706–1707
| reg-type1 = [[Mughal emperor|Padishah]]
| regent1 = [[Aurangzeb]]
| death_place = Jajau, near [[Agra]], Subah of Agra, Mughal Empire (present-day India)
| full name = Muhammad Bidar Bakht
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]]
| father = [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]]
| mother = [[Jahanzeb Banu Begum]]
| religion = [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Muslim]])
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]
| spouses = {{marriage|Shams-un-Nissa Begum|1686}}
| issue = {{ubl|Muhammad Firuz Bakht
| Bidar Dil
| Dindar Dil
| Said Bakht
| Hayatullah
| Bakht Afzun Banu Begum
| Bakht un-Nissa Begum}}
| burial_place = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[Delhi]]
}}

'''Muhammad Bidar Bakht''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مُحمّد بیدار بخت}}}}; 4 August 1670 – 20 June 1707) was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince. His father, [[Muhammad Azam Shah]], briefly reigned as [[Mughal emperor]] in 1707. Bidar was noted for being a gallant, skillful and successful general and was regarded as the most able Mughal prince of his time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Richards|first=J.F.|title=Mughal empire|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521566032|edition=Transferred to digital print.|page=272}}</ref> He was the favourite grandson of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=Sarkar1933/>

From the age of seventeen, Bidar held senior military and administrative positions. One of his first actions involved storming [[Sinsini|Fort Sinsani]], which was carried after fierce fighting and heavy losses. At nineteen, he led a Mughal force which defeated an invading Maratha army and pursued it for ten days. He was appointed viceroy of Aurangabad and then of Malwa alongside it. He constantly had to suppress uprisings and beat off incursions from neighbouring states. In 1707 Emperor Aurangzeb died and Bidar's father succeeded him; Bidar and his father were killed at the [[Battle of Jajau]] against Bidar's uncle [[Bahadur Shah I]].

==Early life==
Muhammad Bidar Bakht was born on 4 August 1670 in [[Agra]] to Prince Muhammad Azam and his wife, Jahanzeb "Jani" Banu Begum. He was named Bidar Bakht by [[Mughal emperor|Emperor]] Aurangzeb, his paternal grandfather.<ref>{{cite book |last=Commissariat |first=Mānekshāh Sorābshāh |title=A History of Gujarat: Mughal period, from 1573 to 1758 |year=1957 |publisher=Longmans |location=Bombay |oclc=452623680 |page=214}}</ref> Bidar's mother was a Mughal princess and the daughter of Crown Prince [[Dara Shikoh]], the deceased eldest son and heir-apparent of the previous emperor, [[Shah Jahan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Waldemar |title=The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=812080225X |page=122 |edition=1st Indian ed., repr.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Sell |editor-first1=Jonathan P. A. |title=Metaphor and Diaspora in Contemporary Writing |year=2012 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK |isbn=9780230358454 |page=62}}</ref> Aurangzeb showed marks of exceptional love to Azam and Jahanzeb and to Prince Bidar Bakht, lavishing gifts on all three.<ref name=Sarkar1933>{{cite book |first=Sir Jadunath |last=Sarkar |title=Studies in Aurangzib's reign: (being Studies in Mughal India, first series) |year=1933 |publisher=Orient Longman |oclc=81717298 |location=Calcutta |pages=43, 53, 56}}</ref> Bidar Bakht was his grandfather's favourite grandson.<ref>{{cite book |first=Sir Jadunath |last=Sarkar |title=History of Aurangzib: Mainly based on Persian Sources |volume=3 |publisher=Orient Longman |oclc=452587536 |location=New Delhi |year=1924 |page=31}}</ref>

===Marriage===
At the age of sixteen, Bidar Bakht married Shams-un-Nissa Begum (surnamed Puti Begum), the daughter of Qamr-ud-din (titled Mukhtar Khan) on 3{{spaces}}December 1686. She belonged to the Ben-i-Mukhtar family which enjoyed great respect among [[Muslims]]. Bidar had always showed affection and favour to Shams-un-Nisa, who seems to have been proud and imperious. Shams-un-Nisa gave birth to Bidar's son, Shahzada Firuz Bakht on 23{{spaces}}August 1695.<ref name="k112">{{cite book | last=Chatterjee | first=Ramananda | title=The Modern Review | publisher=Modern Review Office | date=1909 | page=319}}</ref>

==Military commander==
[[File:Aurangzeb.png|thumb|220px|Emperor Aurangazeb]]

In 1688, the Emperor sent the 17-year-old Prince Bidar Bakht to assume supreme command in the Jat War. Bishan Singh Kachhawa, the new [[Raja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]] ([[Jaipur]]), was appointed as commandant of Muttra with a special charge to root out the ''[[Jats]]''. Bidar Bakht infused vigour into the Mughal operations. Bidar Bakht managed to conquer many forts including Tarkand, Navalkhand, Khelna, as well as Sinsani.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rukat I Alamgiri (Letters of Aurangzeb)|last=Bilimoria|first=Jamshid|publisher=Forgotten Books|year=1908|isbn=978-1-331-44738-2|pages=81}}</ref> The Prince laid siege to Fort Sinsani where his troops underwent hardships from the scarcity of provisions and water. They fired a mine, stormed the breach and captured the fort after three hours of obstinate fighting, losing 900 men to 1,500 Jat casualties. The Jat leaders Churaman and Fateh Singh were able to escape. Although Imperial forces were able to win 52 Jat Forts including the strongholds like Khair, Jawar, Sonkh, Sogar, etc. and kill thousands of them they found themselves "at sea with the Jats". The imperial army was called in 1696 from Agra Province. The Jat War remained proved to be a failure.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Jats-Their Role in Mughal Empire|last=Dwivedi|first=Dr Girish Chandra}}</ref>

Bidar Bakht received a royal order, that he should reduce Sorseeny, and return again to the presence. He invested the place for three or four months, and Zorawar Singh, finding his treasure exhausted, delivered himself up. The prince carried him with him to the [[Deccan]], where [[Aurangzeb]] caused him to be blown from the mouth of a cannon.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tracts, Political, Geographical, and Commercial on the Dominions of Ava, and the North Western Parts of Hindostaun}}</ref>{{Full|date=July 2025}}

===Defeat of Rajaram===
In 1699 the Emperor sent urgent orders to Bidar Bakht to pursue and defeat the hostile force of Chhatrapati [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]] at [[Surat]], in the imperial territory. Bidar Bakht was {{convert|20|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Miraj]], on his way to [[Panhala]]; he immediately turned aside and leaving his family and baggage in Miraj, rapidly advanced on the enemy. Bidar Bakht came upon the Marathas {{convert|20|mi|km|abbr=on}} beyond the fort of Parenda. Rajaram stopped in safety {{convert|8|mi|km|abbr=on}} further east, while he sent back his generals under [[Dhanaji Jadhav]] to check the Prince's advance. After a bloody fight the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] were broken and driven towards [[Ahmednagar]] on 13 or 14{{spaces}} November. Two days later, the Prince was joined by Chin Qalich Khan at Barsi, {{convert|20|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of Parenda, and resuming the pursuit of Ausa on 22 or 23 November.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sir Jadunath Sarkar|title=History of Aurangzib: The closing years, 1689–1707|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.513883|year=1924|publisher=M.C. Sarkar & Sons|location=Bombay|oclc=704062695|pages=132, 133}}</ref>

==Viceroyalty==

===Malwa: 1704–1706===
[[File:Ajit Singh.jpg|thumb|220px|Ajit Singh]]

Bidar was appointed [[Viceroy]] of [[Malwa]] on 3{{spaces}}August 1704 by Aurangzeb. The Prince had proved himself a brave and skilful general. He was already the viceroy of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] and kept that position with his new appointment. He had to shift from Malwa to [[Khandesh]] or vice versa as the situation demanded, regarding the tribute which reached [[Agra]] from the northern provinces and had to put down the local uprisings of the Bhils and [[Kolis]]. These risings were caused by the [[Maratha]] invasion of the previous year. The Bhils also caused disturbances on the north-western frontier, building the fort Gagron. After the danger of another invasion by Nima had disappeared, the Prince went to Malwa to escort the tribute. There he fell ill during December 1703 and January 1705. He appointed [[Jai Singh II]] of [[Amber (state)|Amber]], his trusted assistant, to escort the tribute and to act as his deputy in Malwa.<ref name=Sinh>{{cite book |last=Sinh |first=Raghubir |title=Malwa in Transition or A Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698–1765 |year=1993 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788120607507 |pages=34–37}}</ref> The Emperor objected to this appointment, ordering the Prince to recall Jai Singh. He appointed Khan Alam instead and ordered that no [[Rajput]] was to be appointed as a provincial governor or garrison commander. Bidar Bakht was ordered to go to Sansani, a fort near [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], which had recently been taken by the ''[[Jats]]'' and to recapture it. The Prince intend to comply but due to his illness and other engagements in Malwa, did not. During the 1705 rainy season, the Prince stayed in Malwa. During the closing months of 1705, his responsibilities were lightened. The provinces of Aurangabad and Khandesh were taken from his charge and entrusted to his father, Prince Azam, who was now on his way back from [[Gujarat]].<ref name=Sinh />

[[File:Prince Bedar Bakht Grandson of Aurangzeb and the Governor of Western Deccan enjoying music.jpg|thumb|250px|Prince Bedar Bakht and the Governor of Western Deccan enjoying music]]

Bidar Bakht continued on active service against the Marathas. He travelled to Malwa in November 1705 to investigate complaints against some of the assistants of Jai Singh. Bidar then went to [[Dhar]] to meet his father, angering the Emperor for not having returned to [[Burhanpur]] to hunt for the Marathas. The Prince had to move down to Nolai ([[Badnagar]]) to meet the Maratha forces sent by Parsu Maratha, to help Gopal Singh Chandrawat once again in his revolt. The province of Gujarat was invaded by the Marathas and the Emperor summarily ordered Bidar Bakht to start for Gujarat immediately. The Prince left Malwa in April 1706.<ref name=Sinh />

===Gujarat: 1706–1707===

On arrival in Gujarat Bidar was put in charge of the province, replacing his father, pending the arrival of the new governor, Ibrahim Khan from [[Kashmir]], who died on the way. Malwa and Khandesh were placed under Khan-i-Alam and Najabat Khan respectively. In 1706 a Maratha incursion into Gujarat was followed by a crushing defeat of the Mughal army at [[Ratanpur]], which encouraged all of the enemies of the empire. Ajit Singh raised an army in rebellion for the third time. Durgadas again fled the Mughal camp and began to act in concert with him, causing uprisings in Therad and other places. Bidar sent a force against Durgadas who fled to the broken Koli country, south of [[Surat]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sir Jadunath Sarkar|title=History of Aurangzib: The closing years, 1689–1707|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.513883|oclc=704062695|year=1924|location=Bombay|publisher=M.C. Sarkar & Sons|page=291}}</ref>

== Death of Aurangzeb : 1707 ==
On the 3rd of March 1707 emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir died at his military camp in Ahmadnagar. Prince Bidar Bakht was informed about the death of the emperor by his father Azam Shah who was proclaimed as the new Mughal emperor. On hearing the news of his grandfather's demise Bidar Bakht was overwhelmed with grief. It was reported that the death of the late emperor dwelt long upon the mind of the prince who would frequently weep recollecting the late emperor whom he dearly loved.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A translation of the memoirs of Eradut Khan. A Nobleman of Hindostan|last=Erdaut|first=Khan|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781139505932|location=United Kingdom}}</ref>

==Death==
Bidar Bakht was killed on 20{{spaces}}June 1707, during the [[Battle of Jajau]], part of the succession struggle on the death of Emperor Aurangzeb. His father, who had become emperor on the death of Aurangzeb on 17{{spaces}}March, was also killed during the battle.<ref>{{cite book |last=Commissariat |first=Mānekshāh Sorābshāh |title=A History of Gujarat: Mughal period, from 1573 to 1758 |year=1957 |publisher=Longmans |location=Bombay |oclc=452623680 |pages=215}}</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''Bidar Bakht'''
| 2 = 2. [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal Emperor]]
| 3 = 3. [[Jahanzeb Banu Begum]]
| 4 = 4. [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor]]
| 5 = 5. [[Dilras Banu Begum]]
| 6 = 6. [[Dara Shikoh]]
| 7 = 7. [[Nadira Banu]]
| 8 = 8. [[Shah Jahan|Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor]] (= 12)
| 9 = 9. [[Mumtaz Mahal|Arjumand Banu Begum]] (= 13)
|10 = 10. [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi]]
|11 = 11. Nauras Banu Begum
|12 = 12. [[Shah Jahan|Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor]] (= 8)
|13 = 13. [[Mumtaz Mahal|Arjumand Banu Begum]] (= 9)
|14 = 14. [[Parviz (Mughal prince)|''Shahzada'' Parviz]]
|15 = 15. Iffat Jahan Banu
|16 = 16. [[Jahangir|Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]] (= 9, 24)
|17 = 17. [[Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani]] (= 25.)
|18 = 18. [[Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg]] (= 26)
|19 = 19. Diwanji Begum (= 27)
|20 = 20. [[Rustam Mirza Safavi|Mirza Rustam Safavi]]
|21 =
|22 = 22. Mirza Muhammad Sharif
|23 =
|24 = 24. [[Jahangir|Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]] (= 16, 28)
|25 = 25. [[Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani]] (= 17)
|26 = 26. [[Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg]] (= 18)
|27 = Diwanji Begum (= 19)
|28 = 28. [[Jahangir|Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]] (= 16, 24)
|29 = 29. [[Sahib-i-Jamal]]
|30 = 30. [[Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)|Murad Mirza]]
|31 =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bakht, Bidar}}
[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:1707 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:People killed in action]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Malwa]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]

Ardeshar Khabardar

2026-04-27T17:54:41Z

Associatedin21: added page

{{Short description|Parsi Gujarati poet (1881–1953) who wrote under the pen name Adal}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox writer
| name=Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar
| image=Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar.jpg
| caption =
| pseudonym = Adal
| birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1881|11|6}}
| birth_place=[[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1953|7|30|1881|11|6}}
| death_place= [[Madras]], India
| occupation= poet
| period=
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality=Indian
| notableworks= * ''Kavyarasika'' (1901)
* ''Rasachandrika'' (1929, 1941)
| signature=
}}

'''Ardeshar Faramji Khabardar''', also spelled '''Ardeshir Pharamji Khabardar''', was a [[Parsi]] poet from India. He wrote mainly in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] but also in [[English language|English]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. He wrote under the pen name '''Adal'''. Living in [[Bombay]] and [[Madras]], he wrote in different styles of poetry and published around forty books. He also wrote [[sonnet]]s about his religion, Zoroastrianism.

==Life==
[[File:Ardeshar Khabardar young.jpg|thumb|Khabardar|left|upright=0.7]]
Ardeshar was born in a [[Parsi]] family in [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] on 6 November 1881. He had primary education in Daman and secondary education from New Bharda High School, Bombay. He started a motorcycle accessories business in Madras in 1909. He presided over [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] in 1941. He died in Madras on 30 July 1953.<ref name=gsp>{{cite web|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Khabardar.html|work=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|title=Ardeshar Khabardar|access-date=18 August 2014|language =Gujarati}}</ref><ref name="Trivedī1987">{{cite book|author=Jeṭhālāla Nārāyaṇa Trivedī|title=Love Poems & Lyrics from Gujarati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnJjAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Gurjar Grantha Ratna Karyalaya|page=181}}</ref>

==Works==
[[File:Ghazal by Ardeshar Khabardar.jpg|200px|thumb|Ilmamakka No Haji, a [[ghazal]] written by Khabardar from the book "Gujarat Ni Ghazalo" (1943) edited by [[Krishnalal Jhaveri]] (p.82)]]
He wrote under several pen names, chiefly under '''Adal'''. His other pen names are Motalal, Khojo Bhagat, Kshemanand Bhatt, Narkesarirao, Shabhunath, Shridhar, Sheshadri, Lakha Bhagat, Valkalrai Thatthakhor, and Hunnarsinh Mehta. He wrote around forty books in Gujarati and two in English.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="KhabaradāraMaster1990">{{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|author2=Dharmendra M. Master|title=The Migrating Bird|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan on behalf of A.F. Khabardar Birth-Centenary Publications}}</ref>

His Gujarati poem, ''Jya Jya Vase Ek Gujarati, Tya Tya Sadakal Gujarat'' (Wherever a Gujarati resides, there forever is Gujarat), depicts Gujarati ethnic pride and is widely popular in Gujarat.<ref name="Williams1984">{{cite book|author=Raymond Brady Williams|title=A New Face of Hinduism: The Swaminarayan Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHI7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA170|access-date=18 August 2014|year=1984|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-27473-9|pages=170–}}</ref>

He wrote in modern Gujarati instead of Parsi Gujarati. His first work was the poetry collection ''Kavyarasika'', which followed the style of [[Dalpatram]], in 1901. ''Vilasika'', published in 1905, followed the style of [[Narsinhrao Divetia]]. ''Prakashika'' (1908) is styled as the works of [[Kalapi]] and [[Kant]]. ''Bharat no Tankar'' (1909) and ''Rashtrika'' (1940) are collections of patriotic songs. He parodied and satirised ''Gujarat no Tapasvi'' and ''Brahmadiksha'' of [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi|Nanalal]] as ''Prabhat no Tapasvi'' and ''Kutkutdiksha'' (1920) under the pen name Motalal. ''Sandeshika'' (1925) includes patriotic songs. His ''Kalika'' (1926) is a love song in [[blank verse]] style. ''Bhajanika'' (1928), ''Darshanika'' (1931), and ''Kalyanika'' (1940) are collections of devotional songs. ''Rasachandrika'' (1929, 1941) is a collection of ''rasa'' songs in the style of Nanalal and [[Botadkar]]. ''Shriji Iranshah no Pawado'' depicts the history of [[Zorostrianism]] and ''Gandhi Bapu no Pawado'' praises [[Mahatma Gandhi]]; both are poetry in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[powada]] style. ''Gandhi Bapu'' (1948) also has thirty-one songs dedicated to Gandhi. His last collection, ''Kirtanika'', had seventy-five [[bhakti movement|kirtan]] songs. He also published ''Malabari na Kavyaratno'', an interpretation of poems of [[Behramji Malabari]] in 1913.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Trivedī1987"/><ref name="Sivasankari1998">{{cite book|author=Sivasankari|title=Knit India through literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PVjAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Eastwest Books|page=296|isbn=9788186852118}}</ref><ref name="Brock1995">{{cite book|author=Peter Brock|title=Mahatma Gandhi as a Linguistic Nationalist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSYcAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=South Asia Publications|isbn=978-0-945921-30-1|pages=33–34}}</ref><ref name="Das1995">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=A history of Indian literature, 1911–1956: struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cehjAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7901-798-2}}</ref><ref name="N.Lal1974">{{cite book|author1=Shastri, P. N.|author2=P. Lal|title=The Writers Workshop Handbook of Gujarati Literature: A-F|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IacuAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Writers Workshop|page=37}}</ref>

His only English-language poetry collection, ''The Silken Tassel'' (1918), had fifty-nine poems. He wrote ''New Light on the Gathas of Holy Zarathushtra'' and ''Zarathushtra: 101 [[Sonnet]]s,'' depicting the life and teaching of [[Zoroaster]].<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Reddy2012">{{cite book|author=Sheshalatha Reddy|title=Mapping the Nation: An Anthology of Indian Poetry in English, 1870–1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_spgWetf9rIC&pg=PA263|year=2012|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-0-85728-441-9|pages=263–}}</ref><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA384|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|page=384}}</ref>

He started writing a play titled ''Manuraj'' or ''Vishwanatika'' styled on [[Goethe's Faust|Goethe's ''Faust'']] and Nanalal's [[free verse]] in 1936 but never completed or published.<ref name=gsp/>

==Publications==
===Gujarati===
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કાવ્યરસિકા |trans-title=Kavyarasika |date=1901}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:વિલાસિકા |trans-title=Vilasika |date=1905}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:પ્રકાશિકા |trans-title=Prakashika |date=1908}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ભારતનો ટંકાર |trans-title=Bharat no Tankar |date=1909}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:સંદેશિકા |trans-title=Sandeshika |date=1925}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કાલિકા |trans-title=Kalika |date=1926}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ભજનિકા |trans-title=Bhajanika |date=1928}}
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=રાસચંદ્રિકા |trans-title=Rasachandrika |date=1929}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:દર્શનિકા |trans-title=Darshanika |date=1931}}
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=રાષ્ટ્રિકા |trans-title=Rashtrika |date=1940}}
* {{cite wikisource |wslanguage=gu |title=કલ્યાણિકા |trans-title=Kalyanika |date=1940}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:નંદનિકા |trans-title=Nandanika |date=1944}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:ગાંધીબાપુ |trans-title=Gandhi Bapu |date=1948}}
* {{cite book |script-title=gu:કીર્તનિકા |trans-title=Kirtanika |date=}}

===English===
* {{cite wikisource|author=Ardeshir F. Khabardar |title=The Silken Tassel |year=1918 |publisher=Theosophical Pub. House}}
* {{cite book|title=Zarathushtra, the first prophet of the world: 101 sonnets|author= Ardeshir F. Khabardar|year= 1950|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1053625W/Zarathushtra_the_first_prophet_of_the_world}}
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|title=The Rest House of the Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan}}
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharamājī Khabaradāra|title=Leaf & Flower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan}}
* {{cite book|author1=Aradeśara Pharāmajī Khabaradāra|title=The Migrating Bird|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNlAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Ajit Prakashan on behalf of A.F. Khabardar Birth-Centenary Publications}}

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikisource author-inline}}
* {{GujLit author}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khabardar, Ardeshar}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:People from Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from British India]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]

Emblem of Andhra Pradesh

2026-04-27T14:05:51Z

Associatedin21: Starting Basic Data Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian state seal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
| name = Emblem of Andhra Pradesh
| image = Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg
| image_width = 200
| image_caption =
| lesser =
| lesser_width =
| lesser_caption =
| armiger = The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| year_adopted = 14 November 2018
| crest = The [[National Emblem of India]]
| torse = [[Dharmachakra|Dhamma Chakka]]
| shield = Purna Ghataka and Dhamma Chakka
| supporters =
| compartment =
| motto = ''సత్యమేవ జయతే'' (translates to ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]''; ''Truth Alone Triumphs'' from ''[[Mundaka Upanishad]]'')
| orders =
| other_elements =
| earlier_versions = [[File:Emblem of Andhra Pradesh before 2014.svg|150px]]
| use =
}}

The '''Emblem of Andhra Pradesh''' serves as the [[List of Indian state emblems|official state emblem]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | date=2018-11-14 | url=https://gad.ap.gov.in/about/general/14112018gad_p2-4.pdf | title=Andhra Pradesh State Emblem Government Order 14-11-18 | publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh | access-date=2023-01-11 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2019-05-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529142622/https://gad.ap.gov.in/about/general/14112018gad_p2-4.pdf }}</ref>

==History==
In 1956, after the formation of the [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]], colloquially referred to as United Andhra Pradesh, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] embraced a ''[[Kalasha|Poorna Ghataka]]'', a ceremonial metal vessel characterized by its broad base and narrow neck which serves as a sacred ornament adorning the ''[[Amaravati Stupa]]'' along with an Ashoka Chakra and the four lion heads as its official emblem on the occasion of the 2,500th [[Buddha's Birthday]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-07 |title=Is it ghatam or kumbham? |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/is-it-ghatam-or-kumbham/article7736232.ece |access-date=2023-01-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It depicts a sun radiant charged with a treasure vase, placed within an ornamented circular frame. In the base, the crest of the Republic of India and the motto of India ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]'' in Devanagari are shown. ''Government of Andhra Pradesh'', the name of the state, is repeated in [[Telugu script|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaAndhraP.htm|title=ANDHRA PRADESH|website=www.hubert-herald.nl}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Kalasha carving.jpg|Poorna Kalasam
File:31.2. Pilaster-Swing Chakra-2nd century CE-Limestone-Amravati-Andhra Pradesh-Sculpture Gallery-Indian Museum-Kolkata-A2-A25076.jpg|Dharma Chakra
</gallery>

==Current design==
The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] finalized its new emblem for official use on 14 November 2018, four years after the [[Telangana movement|state bifurcation]] in 2014. The [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|led government]] issued a notification announcing the adoption of a new state emblem inspired by the Amravati School of Art.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Andhra Pradesh Finalises Its State Emblem Four Years After Bifurcation |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-finalises-its-state-emblem-four-years-after-bifurcation-3429623/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AP Govt New Logo- Andhra Pradesh State Emblem 2018 |url=http://www.ap7am.com/lv-302202-ap-govt-new-logo-andhra-pradesh-state-emblem-2018 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=ap7am.com |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109130904/https://www.ap7am.com/lv-302202-ap-govt-new-logo-andhra-pradesh-state-emblem-2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The emblem features ''Dhamma Chakka'', the wheel of law which is embellished with a ring of ''[[Triratna]]'', a symbol representing the [[Refuge in Buddhism|three jewels]] of [[Buddhism]]. The wheel is decorated with pinnate leaves and precious stones. The hub of the ''Dhamma Chakka'' is adorned with three circles of decorative beads, arranged in ascending order of numbers: 48 in the inner circle, 118 in the middle circle and 148 in the outer circle. At the center lies the ''Purna Ghataka'', also known as the vase of plenty which is embellished with a four banded garland on its main body, along with medallions and tassels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Gets A State Emblem With Dharma Chakka |url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/andhra-pradesh-gets-a-state-emblem-with-dhamma-chakka-1947646 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> There is a braid around the thin neck and a flaring mouth,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-15 |title=Andhra gets new official state emblem, inspired by Amaravati art |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/andhra-gets-new-official-state-emblem-inspired-amaravati-art-91577 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> surrounding with text in Telugu, [[English language|English]] and Hindi. The official release also stated that the emblem should never be reduced to a size of less than 24 mm in height.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra govt reveals Amaravati art-inspired state emblem {{!}} newkerala.com |url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/read/68919/andhra-govt-reveals-amaravati-art-inspired-state-emblem.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=www.newkerala.com}}</ref> Soorisetty Anjineyulu, a drawing master from [[Nellore]] is the creator of the emblem, which was selected from among 300 emblems that were submitted.

===Usage===
The multi coloured version of the emblem is authorized for use by the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]], the [[Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers|Council of Ministers]], the Chief Secretary, Secretaries, the Advocate General, all Heads of Departments (HoDs), District Collectors and District Magistrates. Conversely, the blue coloured version of the emblem is reserved for use by all District HoDs and [[Andhra Pradesh Secretariat|Secretariat]] mid level officers or their equivalents in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-15 |title=Andhra Pradesh Emblem inspired by ‘Dhamma Chakka’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/Nov/15/andhra-pradesh-emblem-inspired-by-dhamma-chakka-1898515.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, purnaghata, 100 dc ca.jpg|Purna Ghataka from Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh.
File:British Museum Asia 14.jpg|Relief detail on [[Amaravati Stupa]] with the symbol of Puna Ghataka.
File:A sculpture depicting the Dharma chakra in the museum of Amaravathi.jpg|Sculpture depicting the Dharma Chakra in the Museum of Amaravathi
</gallery>

==Government banner==
The Government of Andhra Pradesh can be represented by a banner displaying the emblem of the state on a white field.
<gallery>
File:Flag of United Andhra Pradesh.svg|Banner from 1956 to 2018
File:Government Banner of Andhra Pradesh.svg|Banner since 2018
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[National Emblem of India]]
* [[List of Indian state emblems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian state emblems}}

[[Category:Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian state seals|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian coats of arms|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with the dharmachakra|Andhra Pradesh]]

Mahesh Verma

2026-04-24T14:10:06Z

Associatedin21: added new data with sources

{{Short description|Indian prosthodontist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahesh Verma
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Shri]] ([[Medical Doctor|Dr.]])
| image = Mahesh Verma 2014 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Verma in 2014
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Prosthodontist
| yearsactive =
| office = Vice Chancellor of GGSIPU
| term_start = 1 August 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Anil Kumar Tyagi]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] [[Government of Delhi|Delhi State]] Award [[FICCI]] Health Personality of the Year Rotary Vashishat Sewa Samman Dr. P. N. Behl Foundation Award Dr. B. C. Shroff Oration Award Commonwealth Dental Association Oration Award
}}

'''Mahesh Verma''' is an Indian [[prosthodontist]] and the former Director and Principal of [[Maulana Azad Medical College|Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences]]. Currently, he is the Vice Chancellor of [[Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University]]. The [[Government of India]] awarded him, in 2014, with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of medicine,<ref name="Padma 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |title=Padma 2014 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101141/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Drug Today">{{cite web | url=http://www.drugtodayonline.com/nation/810-dr-mahesh-verma-turns-first-padma-shri-from-dental-science.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141106072501/http://www.drugtodayonline.com/nation/810-dr-mahesh-verma-turns-first-padma-shri-from-dental-science.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 November 2014 | title=Drug Today | publisher=Drug Today | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014 }}</ref>

==Biography==
Verma graduated with a degree in dentistry (BDS) from the [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram]] and secured his master's degree (MDS) from the same institution, specializing in [[prosthodontics]].<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund">{{cite web | url=http://www.gcdfund.org/sdl-bio/professor-mahesh-verma-india-1 | title=Global Child Dental Fund | publisher=Global Child Dental Fund | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107093532/http://www.gcdfund.org/sdl-bio/professor-mahesh-verma-india-1 | archive-date=7 November 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ND TV">{{cite web | url=http://doctor.ndtv.com/expert/ndtv/expertid/70/prof_mahesh_verma.html | title=ND TV | publisher=ND TV | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> He joined the Institute of Dental Sciences of [[Maulana Azad Medical College]] and became the Head of the institute in 1995.<ref name="ND TV" /> He also underwent advanced training in prosthodontics at the [[State University of New York]], Buffalo<ref name="ND TV" /> and later earned an MBA from the Faculty of Management Studies (FMS), [[University of Delhi]].<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> He is the incumbent Director-Principal of Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS), the dental wing of [[Maulana Azad Medical College]], New Delhi.<ref name="MAMC">{{cite web | url=http://www.mamc.ac.in/dental-structure.htm | title=MAMC | publisher=MAMC | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref>

Verma helped to develop MAIDS<ref name="Maids">{{cite web | url=http://www.maids.ac.in/home.html | title=Maids | publisher=Maids | date=2014 | access-date=7 November 2014}}</ref> from a dental school of meagre proportions into a Centre of Excellence<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="ND TV" /><ref name="News Track India">{{cite web | url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2014/4/27/30-Prof-Dr-Mahesh-Verma-Receives-Padma-Award.html | title=News Track India | publisher=News Track India | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> with a daily count of over 1200 inpatients.<ref name="Drug Today" /> An [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] - Marketing and Development Research Associates (MDRA) survey of premier Indian dental schools placed MAIDS as the best dental school in India.<ref name="Best Dental School">{{cite web | url=http://www.careerindia.com/news/2013/08/05/top-15-best-dental-colleges-in-india-by-outlook-mdra-survey-006009.html | title=Best Dental School | publisher=Career India | date=30 June 2014 | access-date=7 November 2014}}</ref> MAIDS have either stood first<ref name="SDC Lucknow">{{cite web | url=http://www.sdclucknow.com/page.php?&PageID=167 | title=SDC Lucknow | publisher=SDC Lucknow | date=2014 | access-date=7 November 2014 | archive-date=22 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522114924/http://www.sdclucknow.com/page.php?&PageID=167 | url-status=dead }}</ref> or has been placed at the top in a few other surveys.<ref name="Outlook">{{cite web | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Top-Medical--Dental-Colleges-/281300 | title=Outlook | publisher=Outlook | date=2014 | access-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Mingle Box">{{cite web | url=http://www.minglebox.com/top-dental-colleges-in-india | title=Mingle Box | publisher=Mingle Box | date=2014 | access-date=7 November 2014 | archive-date=6 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706142154/http://www.minglebox.com/top-dental-colleges-in-india | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

A [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) fellow,<ref name="ND TV" /> Verma teaches healthcare management at the FMS, Delhi University.<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> He is involved in WHO social and community projects as well as institutional projects of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR), [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> One of his projects is the development of indigenous dental implants involving [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology]] and the CSIR, funded by the [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]].<ref name="News Track India" />
*

==Positions==
Verma has been involved in professional and academic organizations. He is the President of the Delhi unit of the [[Indian Dental Association]].<ref name="ND TV" /><ref name="News Track India" /><ref name="IDA">{{cite web | url=http://www.ida.org.in/DentistDirectory/IDAofficebearer.aspx | title=IDA | publisher=IDA | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014 | archive-date=7 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107112232/http://www.ida.org.in/DentistDirectory/IDAofficebearer.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> the India and Sri Lanka chapter of the [[International College of Dentists]] and the Indian Academy of Restorative Dentistry (IARD).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="Indian Academy of Restorative Dentistry">{{cite web | url=http://www.dentistindia.com/iard/officebearers.asp | title=Indian Academy of Restorative Dentistry | publisher=Indian Academy of Restorative Dentistry | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> He was the vice president of the [[Dental Council of India]],<ref name="Interview">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLnAJ7rBne0 | title=Interview | publisher=YouTube | date=3 March 2013 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> former president of the Indian Prosthodontic Society<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="ND TV" /><ref name="IPS">{{cite web | url=http://www.ipsonline.in/abt_past.asp | title=IPS | publisher=IPS | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014 | archive-date=7 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107083022/http://www.ipsonline.in/abt_past.asp | url-status=dead }}</ref> and the former Vice President of the Indian Academy of Dental Educationists<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> and the Indian Society for Dental Research (ISDR)<ref name="ISDR">{{cite web | url=http://www.isdrindia.com/officebearers.html | title=ISDR | publisher=ISDR | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014 | archive-date=4 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304192506/http://www.isdrindia.com/officebearers.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

He also holds the position of the registrar of the Delhi Dental Council.<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="ND TV" /> He serves as honorary advisor to the Armed Forces Dental Services, [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] and as international advisor to the [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow]] (UK).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" />

Verma has been the organizing secretary of two events, the World Congress on Prosthodontics, held in 1995 at Delhi and the conference of the Commonwealth Dental Association and Indian Dental Association at Delhi in 2000.<ref name="ND TV" /> He was also the chairman of the event ''FDI 2014''<ref name="Interview - Dental Tribune">{{cite web | url=http://www.dental-tribune.com/epaper/issue/id/2681 | title=Interview - Dental Tribune | publisher=Dental Tribune | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> He has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of American Dental Association (Indian Edition) and the Journal of British Dental Association (Indian Edition).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> He is the Executive Editor of the India and Sri Lanka sections of the Journal of International College of Dentists and the editor of ''Dentistry'', a [[Springer Publishing|Springer]] publication.<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> He also serves as the clinical director of the American Academy of Implant Dentistry (AAID).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" />

==Awards and recognitions==
[[File:Padma Shri India IIIe Klasse.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Padma Shri India]]
Verma received the State Award from the [[Government of Delhi]] in 2001,<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="ND TV" /> the [[B. C. Roy Award]] in 2007,<ref name="Drug Today" /><ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /><ref name="ND TV" /><ref name="News Track India" /> and the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]] in 2014, when he was included in the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] honours. He was the ''Health Personality of the Year'' for 2012, an honour from the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI).<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" /> He is also a recipient of ''Rotary Vashishat Sewa Samman'' in 2002,<ref name="ND TV" /> ''Dr. P. N. Behl Foundation Award'' of the Delhi Medical Association in 2006, ''Dr. B. C. Shroff Oration Award'' of the Indian Prosthodontic Society Annual Conference in 2007, Commendation by the Vice Chief of Army Staff in 2009 and Commonwealth Dental Association Oration Award in 2010.<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" />

He has been designated a fellow of several organizations, including the American College Of Dentists, the [[International College of Dentists]], the Pierre Fauchard Academy,<ref name="ND TV" /> the American Academy of Implant Dentistry, the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf | title=List of Fellows - NAMS | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> the International Medical Sciences Academy, the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]], the [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow]] and the [[Royal College of Surgeons]], Faculty of General Dentistry Practice.<ref name="Global Child Dental Fund" />

{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.ijss-sn.com/volume-1-issue-2---july---september-2013.html | title=Foreward [sic] Letter by Dr. Mahesh Verma | publisher=International Journal of Scientific Study | date=July 2013 | access-date=6 November 2014 | author=Mahesh Verma | volume=1 | issue=2}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.dental-tribune.com/epaper/issue/id/2681 | title=Interview - Dental Tribune | publisher=Dental Tribune | date=2014 | access-date=6 November 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/bbv/exclusive/3-as-availability-affordability-and-assurance-must-for-improving-healthcare-in-india_878235.html | title=Zee News Interview | publisher=Zee News | date=21 September 2013 | access-date=6 November 2014}}
* Singh, Paramjit; Arora, Vimal (2005). ''[https://www.jaypeedigital.com/book/9788180614187 Military Dentistry: Terrain, Trends and Training]''. jaypee. {{ISBN|978-81-8061-418-7}}.

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Mahesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Indian dentists]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Prasanna B. Varale

2026-04-23T06:13:15Z

Associatedin21: new!

{{Short description|Judge of the Supreme Court of India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prasanna Bhalachandra Varale
| image = Justice P. B. Varale.jpg
| office = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start = 25 January 2024
| term_end =
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]]
| office1 = 32nd Chief Justice of [[Karnataka High Court]]
| term_start1 = 15 October 2022
| term_end1 = 24 January 2024
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator1 = [[Uday Umesh Lalit]]
| office2 = Judge of the [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start2 = 18 July 2008
| term_end2 = 14 October 2022
| appointer2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| nominator2 = [[K. G. Balakrishnan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|6|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nipani, Mysore State]], India
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ritu Raj Awasthi]]
| successor1 = [[P. S. Dinesh Kumar]]
}}

'''Prasanna Bhalachandra Varale''' (born June 23, 1962) is a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]. He has previously served as chief justice of [[Karnataka High Court]] and as judge of the [[Bombay High Court]].

==Early life==
Varale was born on June 23, 1962, at [[Nipani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE AND JUDGES |url=https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/profiles-sitting-judges.php |website=High Court of Karnataka Official Website |access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref> He graduated in arts and law from [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]].

== Career ==
He enrolled as an advocate in 1985. He was appointed as an additional judge of the [[Bombay High Court]] on 18 July 2008, and made permanent on 15 July 2011. He was elevated to chief justice of the [[Karnataka High Court]] on 15 October 2022. He was elevated as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 25 January 2024. With his elevation, the Supreme Court had 3 serving judges from the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] community for the first time in its history (the other two judges being [[B. R. Gavai|BR Gavai]] and [[C. T. Ravikumar|CT Ravikumar]]).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Utkarsh |date=24 January 2024 |title=In a first, Supreme Court to have 3 Dalit judges as Centre clears name |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-a-first-supreme-court-to-have-3-dalit-judges-as-centre-clears-name-101706111879561.html |access-date=7 July 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-justice-pb-varale-chief-justice-karnataka-high-court|title=[BREAKING] Supreme Court Collegium recommends elevation of Justice PB Varale as Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court|website=Bar & Bench|date=30 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-30}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varale, Prasanna B.}}
[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Belagavi district]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur

2026-04-21T20:37:22Z

Associatedin21:

{{short description|Catholic parish church in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = St. Anthony's Forane Church
| fullname = Saint Anthony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church
| other name = Ollūr Malakapally
| image = St.ANTONY'S CHURCH, OLLUR.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Front view of the St. Antony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church
| coordinates = {{coord|10.484|76.235|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Ollur, Thrissur, Kerala]], India
| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| sui iuris church = [[Syro-Malabar Church]]
| consecrated date = 1718
| functional status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| website = {{url|www.ollurshrine.org/ollur/index.htm}}
| founded date = {{start date and age|1718}}
| architecture =
| architect =
| general_contractor =
| groundbreaking =
| construction_cost =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
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| materials = Sand, gravel, cement, mortar, steel
| archdiocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur|Thrissur]]
| archbishop = [[Andrews Thazhath]]
| nrhp =
| added =
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}}
The '''St. Antony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church''' is located at [[Ollur, Thrissur]] city in [[Kerala]], India. The church belongs to [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]]. According to rough figures there are around 4,000 [[Christians|Christian]] families in the parish. Because of the huge presence of [[Christians|Christian]] people in [[Ollur]], with its religious, educational, medical, social-service, and secular organisations and institution, [[Ollur]] has been called as ''Chinna Roma'' (Small Rome). The church is constructed on a hill-top which is the highest location in the area. The church is surrounded by a huge protective compound wall called Elephant Wall (''Aana Mathil'').
When [[Thrissur]] Vicariate Apostolic was erected in 1887, [[Ollur]] was the richest, most populous, and influential parish, so much that the Vicar of the [[Ollur]] parish were included in [[Adolph Medlycott]]'s four-member diocesan apex council. St. Anthony's Forane Church has 18 churches under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.bispage.net/trichurarchdioces.org/viewChurchesbyForane.asp?id=9
|title=Churches by Forane
|publisher=Trichur Archdiocese
|access-date=2010-02-23}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Ollur Church100.jpg|thumb|left| A 1938 photo of St. Anthony's Forane Church, [[Ollur]], photo published in the [[Cochin]] Government Royal War Efforts Souvenir]]

Previously, the [[Ollur]] Christian population went to Mass in Puzuvial church. One day one of the women of the Chiramel family missed Mass in Puzuvial church. Disappointed, she told this to her son and asked him to construct a church in [[Ollur]]. After this, land donated by Malaekal Karthakal was used for building a new church in [[Ollur]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.corporationofthrissur.org/pages/MainTemp.asp?id=7&val1=2&PLK=1
|title=Industries in Ollur
|publisher=Thrissur Corporation
|access-date=2010-02-15}}</ref> According to church records, in 1718 a temporary church was constructed and the first Mass was conducted.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.smcim.org/ollur/history.htm
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080924110111/http://www.smcim.org/ollur/history.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2008-09-24
|title=History
|publisher=St.Anthony's Forane Church
|access-date=2010-02-15}}</ref>

The church was blessed on 13 June 1722, by the Mar Antony Pimentel, ''Metropolitan and Gate of All India'' or known as [[Kodungallur]] Bishop with [[Johann Ernst Hanxleden]] famously known as Arnos Paathiri. In 1790, [[Tipu Sultan]] set fire to church but only the facade was burnt. In 1972, Mar [[Joseph Kundukulam]], the first [[Archbishop of Thrissur]], banned the ''[[Kolam Thullal|Thullal]]'' (popularly known as ''devil dancing'').<ref name="Festival in Chinna Roma, Page 26">{{cite web
|url=http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/173791/Thrissur/18-October-2013#page/26/1
|title=Festival in Chinna Roma, Page 26
|publisher=Mathrubhumi.com
|access-date=2013-10-18}}</ref> Beatified people [[Euphrasia Eluvathingal]], [[Maria Theresa Chiramel]] and [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]] have visited and stayed in the church.<ref name="Festival in Chinna Roma, Page 26"/> India's first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] visited the church on 24 November 1951. Vicar Monsignor Paul Kakkassery welcomed Nehru by handing over a large candle lighted.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==Festivals==
[[Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur]], the Archangel, is the most important festival of [[Ollur]] church falling on 23 and 24 October of each year. The festival was started in 1837. Another festival is in honor of Saint Sebastian in the month of January and is the second major festival in the parish. Also, [[Ollur]] parish celebrates around 73 feasts and festivals in the calendar year.<ref name="google">{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B6MulelO0S3fYWYwM2JmMWUtNzhlYS00ZWQ4LTlhOWEtYjU3N2IzODI3YTc3/edit?usp=drive_web&hl=en&pli=1 | title=Chronology | access-date=2014-06-06}}</ref>

==Art and architecture==

[[File:Ollur Church Inside.JPG|thumb|left| An inside view of the St. Anthony's Forane Church, [[Ollur]]]]
If there is any church in [[Kerala]] which can be compared with [[Sistine Chapel]] in the [[Vatican City]], that is St. Anthony's Forane Church in [[Ollur]]. Every inch of space in the church is decorated, under both western and indigenous influences, with the highest achievements of the painter, the sculptor, the ceramics worker, the carpenter, the goldsmith, the bronze artisan, or the architect - using every media known or imaginable like gold, silver, iron, bronze, wood, ivory, stone - including laterite, granite, and precious stones.

A unique feature of the church is the number and variety of the angel images in the church. There are more than five thousand images of angels in the church, in fresco, mural, wood, plaster, stone, metal and ivory. The paintings of the church cover an area of thousands of square feet and are considered one of the most beautiful ones in entire [[Kerala]].<ref>For detailed articles and photos cf. The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India 1973 alias The3 Thomapedia 2000, Ed. George Menachery. The Indian Church History Classics Volo. I; "The Nazraneys", Ed. George Menachery. Also Cf. St. Antony Octingenary Volume, Ed. George Menachery, 1996</ref><ref>Christian Presence in Indian Art and Architecture in Indian Christians and Nation Building, Alwaye 2005 Ed. Ponnumuthan, Aerath & Menachery</ref>

===Belfry===
[[File:St. Antony's Forane Church Ollur, Kerala.jpg|thumb|Altar of St. Antony's Forane Church, Ollur, Kerala]]
The seven storey [[Belfry (architecture)|belfry]] or [[bell tower]] ({{convert|125|feet|disp=sqbr}}) of the church is said to be the tallest structure in [[South India]] when it was constructed.<ref>For photos and details cf. Cf. St. Antony Octingenary Volume, Ed. George Menachery, 1996</ref> The huge three bells in the bell tower were imported from [[Marseille]] in France (1883–1892) in 19th century and is one of biggest bells in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.smcim.org/church/ollur/article/124
|title=Parish History
|publisher=SMCIM
|access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.smcim.org/church/ollur/article/759
|title=Metal Work
|publisher=SMCIM
|access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.nazraney.com/journal6.htm
|title=The Great Church of Ollur and the Angel Raphael - A Photo Feature
|publisher=Nazraney
|access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref> The bells are inscribed with the pictures of [[Jesus]], [[Saint Joseph]], [[Mary (mother of Jesus)]], [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.menachery.org/pdf/sapthati-book.pdf
|title=Menachery: Proud of Ollur, Page 195
|publisher=Menachery.org
|access-date=2013-10-18}}</ref> [[Raphael (archangel)]] and [[Tobias]]. '''Owned by Ollur church''' is written in the bells in [[Syriac language]] and [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.menachery.org/pdf/sapthati-book.pdf
|title=Menachery: Proud of Ollur, Page 195
|publisher=Menachery.org
|access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>

==Liberation struggle==
[[File:Ollur Church.jpg|thumb|The plaque inside the St. Anthony's Forane Church for the memorial of [[Liberation Struggle (Kerala)|Liberation Struggle]]]]
In 1959 [[Catholic]]s took to the streets of [[Kerala]] to protest against the first [[Communist]] Government in the state headed by [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]. The rebellion was caused by a state legislation that would have potentially taken over [[Catholic]] education facilities under government control. This was known as ''Vimochana Samaram'' or [[Liberation Struggle]]. In the same year, on 23 July, [[Kerala Police]] fired at the St. Anthony's Forane Church on the part of [[Liberation Struggle]]. A memorial had been erected at the church courtyard then. The memorial says, ''[[Communist]] Government fired bullets to the Church here''. The struggle of 1959 had led to the dismissal of the first democratically elect [[Communist]] Government in the world.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.smcim.smonline.org/ollur/
|title = About the Parish
|publisher = St. Antony's Forane Church, Ollur
|access-date = 2012-08-02
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20110111110742/http://www.smcim.smonline.org/ollur/
|archive-date = 2011-01-11
}}</ref>

==Churches under Ollur Forane==

Churches under OLLUR FORANE
# Ollur, St. Antony’s Forane Church.
# Ammadom, St. Antony Church
# Kodannur, St.Antony Church
# Marathakkara, Mary Immaculate Church
# Padavarad St. Thomas Church
# Palakkal, St. Mathew Church
# Pallissery, St. Mary Church
# Perinchery, Sacred Heart Church
# Pootharackal, St. Rocky’s Church
# Pulakkatukara, Our lady of Carmel Church.
# Thaikkatussery, St. Paul Church
# Thalore, Infant Jesus Church
# Vallachira, St. Thomas Church
# Venginissery, St. Mary Church
# Chiyyaram, Vijayamatha Church
# Angel Nagar Mary Matha Church
# Konikkara, Fathima Natha Church
# Avinissery, St. Joseph Church
# Anchery, St Mary’s Church (ST)
# Chiyyaram(Galilee Church) (ST)
# Panamkulam, St Francis Assisi Church (ST) Arattupuzha

==Institutions under the parish==
[[File:Old chapel in Ollur Church1.jpg|thumb|Church dedicated for the dead and cemetery in the compound of St Antony's Forane Church, [[Ollur]]]]

*Holy Angels English Medium High School, [[Ollur]]
*[[St. Raphael's Convent Girls High School]], Ollur
*St.Mary's School, Chiyyaram, [[Ollur]]
*St.Joseph's High School Anakkallu, [[Ollur]]<ref name="ReferenceA">Cf. St. Antony Octingenary Volume, Ed. George Menachery, 1996</ref>

==Catholic Organizations Ollur Forane Church==
# Catechism
# Catechism P.T.A.
# St. Vincent De Paul Society
# Franciscan Sabha
# Mathruvedi
# Catholic Congress (A.K.C.C.)
# Legion of Mary (Men)
# Legion of Mary (Women)
# Kerala Labour Movement ( K.L.M.)
# K.C.Y.M (Men)
# K.C.Y.M (Women)
# Seniour C.L.C.
# Juniour C.L.C.
# Jesus Youth
# Church Choir Group
# Church Prayer Group
# KCBC Madhya Virudha Samithi
# ABA (Altar Boys Association)
# Sevana Sangham
# Yesunadham (Parish Bulletin)

===Religious houses in the parish===
*St. Mary's Convent
*Our Lady Fathima Matha Convent
*St. Vincent De Paul Convent
*F.C.C. Convent
*Galilee Retreat Centre
*Malabar Missionary Brothers Home
*John Haw Convent
*Sadhu Samrakshana Sangham

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur}}
{{Thrissur topics}}
{{Churches of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anthonys Forane Church}}
[[Category:Catholic pilgrimage sites]]
[[Category:Churches in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur]]
[[Category:1718 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1718]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings]]

2024–25 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League

2026-04-18T09:12:06Z

Associatedin21: added a stub

{{Short description|1st season of the Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024–25]]
| dates = 10 May – 14 June 2025
| winners = [[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-06-13 |title=Magic Made Soccer clinches Maharashtra State Mens Football League Title: An Unbeaten Run to Glory |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/magic-made-soccer-clinches-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league-title-an-unbeaten-run-to-glory/ |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref>
| promoted = [[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=WIFA |first=Media |date=2025-06-15 |title=Magic Made Soccer Crowned Champions of Inaugural Maharashtra State Men’s Football League! |url=https://wifa.in/magic-made-soccer-crowned-champions-of-inaugural-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=[[Western India Football Association]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
| relegated =
| matches = 56
| total goals = 270
| league topscorer =
| best goalkeeper =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring = Ratnagiri Pioneers 0-15 [[MYJ–GMSC]]
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =
| nextseason = [[2026 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League|2026]]
| updated = 14 June 2025
}}

The '''2024–25 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League (MSSMFL)''' was the inaugural season of the top-tier [[Indian State Leagues|state-level]] [[Association football|football]] league in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]], representing a new fifth tier of the [[Indian football league system]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-08 |title=WIFA all set for Maharashtra State Senior Men’s Football League 2024-25 |url=https://wifa.in/wifa-all-set-for-maharashtra-state-senior-mens-football-league-2024-25/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=[[Western India Football Association]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-05-08 |title=Maharashtra football set for new era with launch of Maharashtra State Men's Football League |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/maharashtra-football-set-for-new-era-with-launch-of-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Venues==
The season started at Sinhgad Sports Complex in [[Lonavala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-05-12 |title=Early Leaders emerge as Maharashtra State Men's Football League kicks off with a bang |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/early-leaders-emerge-as-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league-kicks-off-with-a-bang/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref> Hotfut [[Bavdhan]] and NMSA [[Vashi]] were added in June as the new venues.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-06-02 |title=Snigmay FC and NMSA deliver 8-Goal thriller to kick off MSMFL Phase 2 |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/snigmay-fc-and-nmsa-deliver-8-goal-thriller-to-kick-off-msmfl-phase-2/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-06-06 |title=Pune sides surge as MSMFL Phase 2 kicks off. |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/magic-made-extends-unbeaten-run-pune-sides-surge-as-msmfl-phase-2-kicks-off/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-06-11 |title=MSMFL enters Penultimate round with Magic Made Soccer just one win away from title. |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/msmfl-enters-penultimate-round-with-magic-made-soccer-just-one-win-away-from-title/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Format==
The league will follow a double [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format with 56 matches, offering a platform for football clubs from Maharashtra to enter [[I-League 3]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-05-31 |title=MSMFL: Phase 1 Sets the Stage for Fierce Phase 2 Battles |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/msmfl-phase-1-sets-the-stage-for-fierce-phase-2-battles/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=2025-05-15 |title=MSMFL: Early trends, twists, and turns emerge after action-packed start |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/msmfl-early-trends-twists-and-turns-emerge-after-action-packed-start/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Clubs ==
{{Location map+|Maharashtra|places={{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=18.5204 |long=73.8567 |label_size=90 |mark=Blue pog.svg |label=Pune |position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=19.0760 |long=72.8777 |label_size=90 |mark=Blue pog.svg |label=Mumbai |position=bottom}}


{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=18.7258 |long=73.4267 |label_size=90 |mark=Green pog.svg |label=Sinhgad Complex |position=right}}


{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=17.6599 |long=75.9064 |label_size=90 |label=[[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]] |position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=18.5236 |long=73.1360 |label_size=90 |label=[[Milan SB Foundation|Milan SBF]] |position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=19.02 |long=73.02 |label_size=90 |label=[[Navi Mumbai Sports Association|Navi Mumbai]] |position=right}}
{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |lat=16.9902 |long=73.3120 |label_size=90 |label=[[Ratnagiri Pioneers FC|Ratnagiri Pioneers]] |position=bottom}}


{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=16.5 |long=81 |label_size=90 |label='''[[Pune]] teams:''' 
[[AIYFA Skyhawks FC|AIYFA Skyhawks]] 
[[Snigmay FC|Snigmay]]}}


{{Location map~ |Maharashtra |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=18 |long=81 |label_size=90 |label='''[[Mumbai]] teams:''' 
[[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]] 
[[MYJ–GMSC]]}}|caption=Location of MSSMFL teams|width=400}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Clubs
!City
|-
|[[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Mumbai]]
|-
|[[Mighty Young Joe–Goalorious Mothers SC|MYJ–GM]]
|-
|Navi Mumbai SA
|[[Thane]]
|-
|AIYFA Skyhawks
|rowspan="2"|[[Pune]]
|-
|Snigmay Pune
|-
|Milan SB Foundation
|[[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|-
|Ratnagiri Pioneers
|[[Ratnagiri]]
|-
|[[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]]
|[[Solapur]]
|}

== League table ==
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source= [https://theawayend.co/wifa-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league/ The Away End] [https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/maharashtra-state-mens-football-league/89/ Football Counter]

|team2=MYJ|team5=SKY|team1=MMS|team3=OFC|team7=MIL|team4=NAV|team8=RAT|team6=SNI

|result1=CHA

|win_MMS=11 |draw_MMS=3 |loss_MMS= |gf_MMS=54 |ga_MMS=4 

|win_MYJ=10 |draw_MYJ=2 |loss_MYJ=2 |gf_MYJ=48 |ga_MYJ=6 

|win_OFC=9 |draw_OFC=2 |loss_OFC=3 |gf_OFC=54 |ga_OFC=9 
|win_SKY=5 |draw_SKY=4 |loss_SKY=5 |gf_SKY=35 |ga_SKY=19 

|win_SNI=5 |draw_SNI=3 |loss_SNI=6 |gf_SNI=36 |ga_SNI=32 
|win_NAV=6 |draw_NAV=2 |loss_NAV=6 |gf_NAV=34 |ga_NAV=25 

|win_MIL= |draw_MIL=2 |loss_MIL=12 |gf_MIL=5 |ga_MIL=67 

|win_RAT= |draw_RAT=2 |loss_RAT=12 |gf_RAT=4 |ga_RAT=108 

|name_SKY=AIYFA Skyhawks
|name_MYJ=[[MYJ–GMSC]][[2025–26 I-League 2|IL2]]
|name_MMS=[[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]]
|name_OFC=[[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]]
|name_MIL=Milan SB Foundation
|name_NAV=Navi Mumbai SA
|name_RAT=Ratnagiri Pioneers
|name_SNI=Snigmay Pune

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored

|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_CHA=green1
|text_CHA=Champions
}}</onlyinclude>

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main|source= [https://theawayend.co/wifa-maharashtra-state-mens-football-league/ The Away End]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header= 1st leg / 2nd leg

|team2=MYJ|team4=SKY|team1=MMS|team3=OFC|team7=MIL|team6=NAV|team8=RAT|team5=SNI

|name_SKY=AIYFA Skyhawks
|name_MYJ=[[MYJ–GMSC]]
|name_MMS=[[Mumbay FC|Magic Made Soccer]]
|name_OFC=[[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]]
|name_MIL=Milan SB Foundation
|name_NAV=Navi Mumbai SA
|name_RAT=Ratnagiri Pioneers
|name_SNI=Snigmay Pune


|match_SKY_MYJ= 1-1
|match_SKY_MMS= 0-5
|match_SKY_OFC= 0-2
|match_SKY_MIL= 8-0
|match_SKY_NAV= 2-2
|match_SKY_RAT= 8-0
|match_SKY_SNI= 1–1


|match_MYJ_SKY= 2-0
|match_MYJ_MMS= 0-1
|match_MYJ_OFC= 1-0
|match_MYJ_MIL= 9-1
|match_MYJ_NAV= 3-0
|match_MYJ_RAT= 9-0
|match_MYJ_SNI= 2–1


|match_MMS_SKY= 1-0
|match_MMS_MYJ= 0-0
|match_MMS_OFC= 2-2
|match_MMS_MIL= 5-0
|match_MMS_NAV= 1-0
|match_MMS_RAT= 8-0
|match_MMS_SNI= 1–0


|match_OFC_SKY= 0-1
|match_OFC_MYJ= 2-0
|match_OFC_MMS= 1-1
|match_OFC_MIL= 11-0
|match_OFC_NAV= 2-0
|match_OFC_RAT= 9-1
|match_OFC_SNI= 0–1


|match_MIL_SKY= 0-4
|match_MIL_MYJ= 0-3
|match_MIL_MMS= 0-6
|match_MIL_OFC= 0-7
|match_MIL_NAV= 0-3
|match_MIL_RAT= 1-1
|match_MIL_SNI= 3–5


|match_NAV_SKY= 3-2
|match_NAV_MYJ= 0-2
|match_NAV_MMS= 1-5
|match_NAV_OFC= 0-1
|match_NAV_MIL= 3-0
|match_NAV_RAT= 8-1
|match_NAV_SNI= 4–4


|match_RAT_SKY= 0-6
|match_RAT_MYJ= 0-15
|match_RAT_MMS= 0-13
|match_RAT_OFC= 0-11
|match_RAT_MIL= 0-0
|match_RAT_NAV= 0-4
|match_RAT_SNI= 0–10


|match_SNI_SKY= 2-2
|match_SNI_MYJ= 0-1
|match_SNI_MMS= 0-5
|match_SNI_OFC= 2-6
|match_SNI_MIL= 2-0
|match_SNI_NAV= 2-6
|match_SNI_RAT= 6-1
}}

==See also==
* [[2024–25 Mumbai Premier League]]
* [[2024–25 Mumbai Super League]]
* [[2024–25 in Indian football]]
* [[2024–25 I-League 3]]
* [[2024–25 Indian State Leagues]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Football in Maharashtra}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League}}
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football leagues]]

Jaya Prakash Nagar metro station

2026-04-18T07:33:56Z

Associatedin21: made basic pg more to come...

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station and upcoming interchange for Orange Line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Jaya Prakash Nagar
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Green|line2=Orange}}
| other_name = Jaya Prakash Nagara, JP Nagar, JP Nagara, Sarakki
| style = Namma Metro
| image = J. P. Nagar metro station, Bangalore (2024) 06.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Kanakapura Rd, Gangadhar Nagar, JP Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078
| coordinates = {{coord|12.907299|77.573133|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Orange|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}}} [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}} 
{{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Orange}}}} '''''(TBC)'''''
| depth =
| levels = 2 ''(current)''
| tracks = 2 ''(current)''
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}}} {{start date and age|2017|June|18|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Staffed
| code = JPN
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| architect = {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}}} JMC Projects
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line1=Green |left1=Banashankari |right1= Yelachenahalli |line2=Orange |left2=Kadirenahalli Cross |to-left2=Kempapura |right2=JP Nagar 5th Phase |to-right2=JP Nagar 4th Phase|note-mid2=''(Planned)''}}
| route_map = {{BMR Green Line}} {{BMR Orange Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Jaya Prakash Nagar''' is an elevated metro station on the north–south corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] serving the [[Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore|J. P. Nagar]] area of [[Bengaluru]], India. It was opened to the public on 18 June 2017, as a part of the Phase 1 network.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/nagasandra-puttenahalli-metro-line-to-open-by-may-end-says-george/articleshow/58484491.cms |title=Nagasandra-Puttenahalli Metro line to open by May-end, says KJ George |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2017-05-03 |accessdate=2017-07-02}}</ref>

This metro station is proposed to be an interchange for the upcoming, proposed [[Orange Line (Namma Metro)|Orange Line]].

== Station layout ==
=== {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} Station Layout ===
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Jaya Prakash Nagar track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = yes
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Banashankari}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Yelachenahalli}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Yelachenahalli}}
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Banashankari}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

=== {{rcb|Namma Metro|Orange|croute}} Station Layout (TBC) ===
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Jaya Prakash Nagar track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Orange}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = yes
| map = vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P#''' to {{stl|Namma Metro|JP Nagar 5th Phase}} **
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa
\PLT-\PLT-\PLT-\~~ ~~ ~~'''P#''' to {{stl|Namma Metro|Kadirenahalli Cross}} **
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms '''** Under Construction'''</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" table
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''G'''
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" valign="top" |Street level
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" valign="top" |Exit/Entrance
|-
| valign="top" |'''L1'''
| valign="top" |Mezzanine
| valign="top" |Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
| rowspan="4" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" |'''Platform #''' '''Eastbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|JP Nagar 4th Phase}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|JP Nagar 5th Phase}}
|-
|'''Platform #''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Kempapura}} '''Next Station:''' [[Kadirenahalli Cross metro station|Kadirenahalli Cross]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" align="center" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" |
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |
|-
|}

== Gallery ==
Some of this metro station pictures are shown below:-
<gallery class="center" mode="packed-hover" heights="125" widths="200">
File:Jaya Prakash Nagar Metro Station.jpg|Station Board
File:J. P. Nagar metro station, Bangalore (2024) 06.jpg|Front Entrance (2024)
File:J. P. Nagar metro station, Bangalore (2024) 01.jpg|Station Building
File:Interiors of J. P. Nagar metro station (2024) 03.jpg|Concourse of this metro station (2024)
</gallery>

==Connections==
JP Nagar metro station does not connect the Green Line to any other lines currently. However, it is proposed to be a connecting station between the Green Line and the upcoming Orange Line, which has received approvals from the state and central governments. Construction towards the interchange has not yet commenced, and the station remains a non-connecting one as of April 2026.

==Entry/exits==
Entry/exits are situated on the Kanakapura road, one on the outer ring road side and the other on the JP nagar sixth phase side.
{{Empty section|date=June 2024}}

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
}}
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bangalore}}
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Namma Metro|green line=yes|orange line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bengaluru]]

{{Karnataka-railstation-stub}}

Nandu (Malayalam actor)

2026-04-18T01:35:07Z

Associatedin21: added basic article from scratch

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{for multi|the Telugu film dubbed in Tamil as Nandhu|Athadu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name = Nandalal Krishnamurthy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/nandalal-krishnamurthy-on-a-career-high/1177716/|title = Nandalal Krishnamurthy on a career high - Indian Express}}</ref>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1986{{En dash}}present
| children = 2
}}
'''Nandalal Krishnamoorthy''', better known by his stage name '''Nandu''', is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Malayalam]] films. He has worked in the industry for more than 30 years and is acclaimed for his performance in [[Mohanlal]]'s ''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]'', directed by [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Actor Nandu gets busy|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/actor-nandu-gets-busy/69510/story.htm|publisher=nowrunning.com|access-date=2013-05-12|date=29 April 2013|archive-date=6 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506040947/http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/actor-nandu-gets-busy/69510/story.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was also seen in many [[Priyadarsan|Priyadarshan]] films. He received [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor]], for ''Spirit''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-09-05 |title=Accent on characters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/accent-on-characters/article3862691.ece |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nandu was born in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], to Krishnamoorthy, a table tennis coach at [[National Institute of Sports]] and Sukumari, a singer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manam Pole Mangalyam|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkV9Z0xpcdE|publisher=jaihindtv|access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> He lost his mother 60 days after he was born, and was brought up by his uncle and aunt. His father never remarried, and died later. His first film was ''Sarvakalasala'' (1986), directed by [[Venu Nagavally]]. During his early career, most of his roles were of college background.

Nandu is married to Kavitha Nandalal, since 1997. They have a daughter, Nandita (b. 1999) and a son, Krishan (b. 2013).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/193436 |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614001214/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/193436 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/life-style/success/26910?page=0,0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075809/http://www.mangalam.com/life-style/success/26910?page=0,0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
He started his career with the Mohanlal starring film ''[[Sarvakalasala]]'' in 1986. Although he has been in the film industry for the last 20 years, he recently has been acclaimed for his performance in the Mohanlal-starring film ''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]'', directed by Ranjith, although he had played good roles in the past.

==Filmography==

===Malayalam===
==== 1980s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Oru Madapravinte Katha]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1986 || ''[[Sarvakalashala]]'' || Jose Abraham ||
|-
|| ''[[Yuvajanotsavam]]'' || Prince ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Ayitham]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1989 || ''[[Swagatham (1989 film)|Swagatham]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Charithram]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Adikkurippu]]'' || Dentist's assistant ||
|}

==== 1990s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Aye Auto]]'' || Lonappan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1991 || ''[[Kilukkam]]'' || Pillai's relative ||
|-
|| ''[[Kizhakkunarum Pakshi]]'' || Anandhu's Friend ||
|-
|| ''[[Abhimanyu (1991 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1992 || ''[[Aham (film)|Aham]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kamaladalam]]'' || Student at Kala Mandiram||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1993 || ''[[Aayirappara]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Gandharvam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Butterflies (1993 film)|Butterflies]]'' || Pavithran ||
|-
|| ''[[Mithunam (1993 film)|Mithunam]]'' || Raghu ||
|-
|| ''[[Chenkol]]'' || Ratheesh ||
|-
|| ''[[Kalippattam]]'' || Remanan ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1994 || ''[[Thenmavin Kombath]]'' || Thimmayan ||
|-
|| ''[[Sainyam]]'' || Salesman ||
|-
|| ''[[Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kashmeeram]]'' || Sanjay ||
|-
|| ''[[Minnaram]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Vishnu'' || Moythootti ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1995 || ''[[Mazhavilkoodaram]]'' || Subair ||
|-
|| ''[[Nirnayam (1995 film)|Nirnayam]]'' || Rajan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1996 || ''KL.7/95 Eranakulam North'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''Ishtamaanu Nooruvattam'' || ||
|-
|| ''Mookkilla Raajyathu Murimookkan Raajaavu'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''Ishtadaanam'' || Aniruddhan ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1998 || ''[[Pranayavarnangal]]'' || Victor's friend ||
|-
|| ''British Market'' || Annan Soman ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaikudunna Nilavu]]'' || Kichamani's friend ||
|-
|| ''[[Kottaram Veettile Apputtan]]'' || News reporter ||
|-
|| ''[[Sundarakilladi]]'' || Pradeep ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1999 || ''[[Prem Poojari]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Auto Brothers'' || ||
|-
|| ''Indulekha'' || ||
|-
|| ''Varnachirakukal'' || ||
|-
|| ''Rishivamsham'' || ||
|}

==== 2000s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2000 || ''[[Snehapoorvam Anna]]'' || College Student ||
|-
|| ''[[Pilots (film)|Pilots]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''India Gate'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Indriyam]]'' || Prof. Joseph Erumeli ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2001 || ''Romance'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Achaneyanenikkishtam]]'' || Kariyachan ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2003 || ''[[Kalari Vikraman]]'' || || Unreleased film
|-
|| ''[[Kilichundan Mampazham]]'' || Postman Rafeeq ||
|-
|| ''[[Balettan]]'' || Sukumaran ||
|-
|| ''[[Ammakilikkoodu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2004 || ''[[Thekkekkara Superfast]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Govindankutty Thirakkilanu'' || Ramanan ||
|-
|| ''[[Wanted (2004 film)|Wanted]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Vettam]]'' || Rajeevan ||
|-
|| ''[[Vamanapuram Bus Route]]'' || Kuttappan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2005 || ''The Campus'' || 'Romance' Chacko ||
|-
|| ''Moksham'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kochi Rajavu]]'' || ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Naalu Pennungal]]'' || Narayanan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2008 || ''[[Vilapangalkkappuram]]'' || Madhavankutty ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Pennum Randaanum]]'' || Advocate's relative ||
|-
|| ''[[Thirakkatha]]'' || Krishnamoorthy ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2009 || ''[[Kancheepurathe Kalyanam]]'' || Jacob Koshy ||
|-
|| ''[[Seetha Kalyanam (2009 film)|Seetha Kalyanam]]'' || Shanmugham||
|-
|| ''[[Boomi Malayalam]]'' || ||
|}

==== 2010s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2010 || ''[[Nilavu]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Advocate Lakshmanan – Ladies Only]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kutty Srank]]'' || Vishnu ||
|-
|| ''[[Body Guard (2010 film)|Body Guard]]'' || Ramankutty Master ||
|-
|| ''[[Drona 2010]]'' || Nelloor Harinarayanan Namboothiri ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2011 || ''[[China Town (2011 film)|China Town]]'' || Fr. Stephen ||
|-
|| ''[[Sankaranum Mohananum]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Priyappetta Nattukare]]'' || K P Scaria ||
|-
|| ''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'' || Bhaskaran Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]'' || Dr. Mahadevan Thampi ||
|-
|| ''[[Nadakame Ulakam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]'' || Kamalu ||
|-
|| ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=14 | 2012 || ''[[Masters (film)|Masters]]'' || Advocate Shaji Mathew ||
|-
|| ''[[Poppins]]'' || Film producer||
|-
|| ''[[Ozhimuri]]'' || Thanu Pillai's servant ||
|-
|| ''[[Hero (2012 film)|Hero]]'' || Sathyan ||
|-
|| ''[[916 (film)|916]]'' || Dr. Harikrishnan's aide ||
|-
|| ''[[Thiruvambadi Thampan]]'' || Rarichan ||
|-
|| ''[[Idiots (2012 film)|Idiots]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Parudeesa]]'' || Rubber tapper ||
|-
|| ''[[Namukku Parkkan]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Josettante Hero]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Trivandrum Lodge]]'' || Antony ||
|-
|| ''[[Mullassery Madhavan Kutty Nemom P. O.]]'' || Gulabdas ||
|-
|| ''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]'' || Maniyan ||
|-
|| ''[[Karmayodha]]'' || Baburaj ||
|-
| rowspan=21 | 2013 || ''[[Natholi Oru Cheriya Meenalla]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Nakhangal (2013 film)|Nakhangal]]'' || Manjila G Kumar ||
|-
|| ''[[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]'' || Philipose ||
|-
|| ''[[Good Bad & Ugly]]'' || Marthandan ||
|-
|| ''[[Housefull (2013 film)|Housefull]]'' || Pookunju ||
|-
|| ''97 Batch Maharajas'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Pattam Pole]]'' || Fr. Joy ||
|-
|| ''[[Vishudhan]]'' || Jose ||
|-
|| ''[[Kadal Kadannu Oru Maathukutty]]'' || Aanandhan and himself ||
|-
|| ''[[Kanyaka Talkies]]'' || JPK ||
|-
|| ''[[Immanuel (film)|Immanuel]]'' || Dr. Ramakrishnan ||
|-
|| ''[[Hotel California (2013 film)|Hotel California]]'' || Annan ||
|-
|| ''Kotharan Oru Malayala Cinema'' || ||
|-
|| ''Don't Worry Be Happy'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Up & Down: Mukalil Oralundu]]'' || Cheriyan ||
|-
|| ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]'' || Kunjachan ||
|-
|| ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]'' || Lakshmi's Father ||
|-
|| ''6 B Paradise'' || ||
|-
|| ''Namboothiri Yuvaavu @ 43'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Ezhamathe Varavu]]'' || Raman Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Ms. Lekha Tharoor Kanunnathu]]'' || Nandhagopalan ||
|-
| rowspan=12 | 2014 || ''[[Ettekaal Second]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[God's Own Country (2014 film)|God's Own Country]]'' || Vakkachan ||
|-
|| ''Thomson Villa'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[@Andheri]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Korean Padam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[The Dolphins (film)|The Dolphins]]'' || Plamootikada Valthsan ||
|-
|| ''Test Paper'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Medulla Oblongata (film)|Medulla Oblongata]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Ottamandaaram'' || Bharathan ||
|-
|| ''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri (film)|Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'' || Lal's father ||
|-
|| ''Color Balloon'' || Vaidhyar ||
|-
|| ''[[Aamayum Muyalum]]'' || Arcott Anthony Fernandez ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2015 || ''[[Mariyam Mukku]]'' || Mullan Joseph ||
|-
|| ''[[Utopiayile Rajavu]]'' || Nadar ||
|-
|| ''[[Rasam (film)|Rasam]]'' || Govindan Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Rasputin (2015 film)|Rasputin]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Thilothama'' || ||
|-
|| ''The Advocate'' || ||
|-
|| ''Thottaavaadi'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=5 |2016 || ''[[Buddhanum Chaplinum Chirikkunnu]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Monsoon Mangoes]]'' || D. Paulose ||
|-
|| ''[[Karinkunnam 6's]]'' || Ambootty ||
|-
|| ''Aalroopangal'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Pulimurugan]]'' || Divakaran (Forest Guard) ||
|-
| rowspan=14 | 2017 || ''[[Jomonte Suvisheshangal]]'' || Dr. Kuriakose ||
|-
|| ''[[Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol]]'' || Priya's father ||
|-
|| ''[[Sathya (2017 Malayalam film)|Sathya]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Vilakkumaram'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Sarvopari Palakkaran]]'' || Mani Swami ||
|-
|| ''[[History of Joy]]'' || Judge ||
|-
|| ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' || Ambiyettan ||
|-
|| ''Kadamkadha'' || ||
|-
|| ''Kuppivala'' || ||
|-
|| ''Pashu'' || ||
|-
|| ''Angu Doore Oru Deshathu'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Masterpiece (2017 film)|Masterpiece]]'' || Balan Master ||
|-
|| ''[[Vimaanam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Swayam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=13 | 2018 || ''[[Naam (2018 film)|Naam]]'' || John ||
|-
|| ''[[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]]'' || Adv. Kaaloor ||
|-
|| ''[[Street Lights (film)|Street Lights]]'' || Remya's Father ||
|-
|| ''Sukhamano Daveede'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Mazhayathu]]'' || Narayenettan ||
|-
|| ''Thanaha'' || ||
|-
|| ''Wonder Boys '' || ||
|-
|| ''Ilakal Pacha Pookkal Manja'' || ||
|-
|| ''Chandragiri'' || ||
|-
|| ''Aniyankunjum Thannaalaayathu'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Ranam (2018 film)|Ranam]]'' || Bhaskar ||
|-
|| ''[[Odiyan]]'' || Ezhuthachan ||
|-
|| ''[[My Story (film)|My Story]]'' || Joseph Silva ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2019 || ''[[Vaarikkuzhiyile Kolapathakam]]'' || Member Rocky ||
|-
|| ''Vaarthakal Ithuvare'' || Chakkappan ||
|-
|| ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'' || P. S. Peethambaran ||
|-
|| ''[[Ittymaani: Made in China]]'' || Roy Mathew ||
|-
|| ''[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]'' || Joy ||
|-
|| ''[[An International Local Story]]'' || Madhavan Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Athiran]]'' || Avirachan ||
|-
|| ''[[Pattabhiraman (film)|Pattabhiraman]]'' || Raman Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Porinju Mariam Jose]]'' || Alappattu Varghese ||
|-
|| ''[[Driving Licence (film)|Driving License]]'' || Driver Kunjali ||
|}

==== 2020s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Anveshanam]] '' || Alphonse ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2021 || ''Sahyadriyile Chuvanna Pookkal'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[One (2021 film)|One]]'' || Councillor Noorudheen ||
|-
|| ''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]'' || Kuthiravattath Nair ||
|-
|| ''Mickey '' || ||
|-
| rowspan=16 | 2022 || ''[[Lalitham Sundaram]]'' || Music Director Harikumar ||
|-
|| ''[[12th Man (film)|12th Man]]'' || Resort Manager Davis ||
|-
|| ''[[Twenty One Gms]]'' || Fr. Joseph ||
|-
|| ''[[Karnan Napoleon Bhagath Singh]]'' || KP ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of movie 'Karnan Napoleon Bhagat Singh' creating ripples on social media |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/01/23/trailer-karnan-napoleon-bhagat-singh.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Aaraattu (2022 film)|Aaraattu]]'' || Narayana Pillai ||
|-
|| ''[[Pathrosinte Padappukal]]'' || Priest ||
|-
|| ''[[Vaashi (2022 film)|Vaashi]]'' || Shivakumar ||
|-
|| ''[[Innale Vare]]'' || Aanandhan ||
|-
|| ''Run Kalyani'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaduva]]'' || SI Manmadhan ||
|-
|| ''[[Paappan]]'' || [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Raghavan ||
|-
|| ''King Fish'' || ||
|-
|| ''Varaal'' || Maadayi Madhavan ||
|-
|| ''[[The Teacher (2022 Indian film)|The Teacher]]'' || Police Inspector ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaapa]]'' || [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Arumanayagam ||
|-
| ''[[Kshanikam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2023 || ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' || Mathews ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anikha Surendran's Oh My Darling trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/12/anikha-surendrans-oh-my-darling-trailer-out-39895.html |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=12 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thrishanku]]'' || Chandrahasan Nair ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panjimittai song from Thrishanku is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/24/panjimittaisong-fromthrishankuis-out-43802.html |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=24 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|Dhoomam]]'' || Minister's PA ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title='No smoke without fire': Hombale Films unveil first look of 'Dhoomam' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/no-smoke-without-fire-hombale-films-unveil-first-look-of-dhoomam-1.8485610 |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Neru (film)|Neru]]'' || Public Prosecutor Sajan Varghese||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neru trailer: Mohanlal leads a legal battle |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/09/neru-trailer-mohanlal-leads-a-legal-battle-50246.html |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=9 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2024 || ''[[Anweshippin Kandethum]]'' || [[Head constable#India|Head Constable]] Uthup ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anweshippin Kandethum Movie Review : A slow-burn thriller with a surprising twist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/anweshippin-kandethum/movie-review/107585137.cms |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]'' || Neerali Pavithran||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-20 |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Jai Ganesh' to release in April 2024 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-jai-ganesh-to-release-in-april-2024/articleshow/106146919.cms |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hunt (2024 film)|Hunt]]'' || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavana Menon teams up with Kaapa director Shaji Kailas for a thriller titled Hunt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bhavana-menon-teams-up-with-kaapa-prithviraj-sukumaran-director-shaji-kailas-for-a-thriller-titled-hunt-2321146-2023-01-13 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=India Today |date=13 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kondal]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-08 |title=Kondal trailer: Antony Varghese lets his fists do the talking in this high-octane actioner set at sea |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/08/kondal-trailer-antony-varghese-lets-his-fists-do-the-talking-in-this-high-octane-actioner-set-at-sea |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Anand Sreebala]]'' || CI Benny ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-19 |title=It's a wrap for Arjun Ashokan and Aparna Das-starrer Anand Sreebala |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/19/its-a-wrap-for-arjun-ashokan-and-aparna-das-starrer-anand-sreebala |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2025 || ''[[Empuraan]]'' || P. S. Peethambran ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/l2-empuraan-malayalam-actor-nandu-shares-an-interesting-update-from-the-sets-of-mohanlal-prithviraj-film/ar-BB1mFWgq?ocid=BingNewsVerp |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[E Valayam]]'' || Anandhan ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-03 |title='ഈ വലയം' മേയ് 30-ന് പ്രദർശനത്തിനെത്തും |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/e-valayam-movie-kochi-shoot-wrap-1.10558011 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Police Day'' || DYSP Simon Idikkula ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam Film Police Day First Look Out: Ansiba Haasan Is Ready For The Battle |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-film-police-day-first-look-out-ansiba-haasan-is-ready-for-the-battle-8828845.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sumathi Valavu]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-02-13 |title=Arjun Ashokan-starrer Sumathi Valavu gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/13/arjun-ashokan-starrer-sumathi-valavu-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ithiri Neram]]'' || Rajan Kunnukuzhi ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-10-27 |title=Roshan Mathew-Zarin Shihab starrer Ithiri Neram gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Oct/27/roshan-mathew-zarin-shihab-starrer-ithiri-neram-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2026 || ''[[Masthishka Maranam]]'' || Hariharan ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-09 |title=Krishand’s Masthishka Maranam gets a release date, teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Feb/09/krishands-masthishka-maranam-gets-a-release-date-teaser-out |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| Ankam Attahasam}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-14 |title=Madhav Suresh-starrer Ankam Attahasam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Apr/14/madhav-suresh-starrer-ankam-attahasam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Other language films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Gardish]]'' || Disruptive passerby || rowspan=2 | Hindi ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]'' || Fisherman ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2003 || ''[[Lesa Lesa]]'' || Nandu || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' || Tejas Iyer || Hindi ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Hungama 2]]'' || Doctor || Hindi ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungama 2 Movie Review: But Where is the Comedy? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/hungama-2-movie-review-shilpa-shetty-meezan-jaaferi-pranitha-subhash-paresh-rawal-priyadarshan-4000004.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[The Door (2025 film)|The Door]]'' || Advocate A. S. Rathinam || Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-03-24 |title=Bhavana starrer The Door gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/24/bhavana-starrer-the-door-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As voice actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Dubbed for !! Character !! Notes
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Alone (2023 film)|Alone]]'' || Himself || Flat Chief Security || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alone Movie Review: A daring experiment that becomes a tiring experience |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/jan/26/alone-movie-review-a-daring-experiment-that-becomes-a-tiring-experience-39301.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=26 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Television ==
*''Sathyam Shivam Sundaram'' (Amrita TV)
*''Devimahathmyam'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
*''Sri Mahabhagavatham'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
*[[Swami Ayyappan (TV series)|''Swami Ayyapan'']] ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
*''Chandrodayam'' (DD Malayalam)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1459609|name=Nandu}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nandu}}
[[Category:Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

Pallahara Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:31:35Z

Associatedin21: details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Pallahara}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pallahara
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 59
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northern Division
| district = [[Angul district|Angul]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Ashok Mohanty]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 1,78,632{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Pallahara''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Angul district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=59|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310111609/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=59|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 March 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Pallahara (59) District : Angul |accessdate= 5 March 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes Pallahara block and 19 [[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Balipasi, Kuluma, Rengali, Susuba, Arkil, Gandamula, Bajrakote, Hanumanpur, Dalaka, Karnapal, Parabil, Burukuna, [[Kulei]], Deranga, Kakudia, Talapada, Biru, Hariharapur and Samal) of Kaniha block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp121.htm|title= 121 - Pallahara Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 10 March 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.64}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|43.12}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|34.59}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|37.96}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.20}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|36.82}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.64}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|74.94}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.97}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|39.68}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|34.65}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 17 elections were held. It was a 2 member constituency in 1951.

List of members elected from Pallahara constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Pallahara Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/pallahara.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 10 March 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pallahara Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Pallahara, Orissa |url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/pallahara.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pallahara Assembly Election Results 2024: Pallahara Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/pallahara-constituency-result-18059 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Ashok Mohanty]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019" />
|[[Mukesh Kumar Pal]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Mahesh Sahoo]]
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[Ravi Narayan Pani]]
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|[[Nrusingha Charan Sahu]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|[[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Bibhudhendra Pratap Das
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|[[Nrusingha Charan Sahu]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Bibhudhendra Pratap Das
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Dharanidhar Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Narayan Sahu
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Pabitra Mohan Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Orissa Jana Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|-
|[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Mrutyunjaya Pal
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Mahesh Chandra Subahusingh
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Baidhar Naik
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ashok Mohanty]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mukesh Kumar Pal]] by a margin of 1,333 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Pallahara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Mohanty]]
|votes = 71,560
|percentage = 48.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Mukesh Kumar Pal]]|votes=63,997|percentage=43.50|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Fakir Mohan Samal|votes=6,444|percentage=4.38|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,633|percentage=1.11|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,563|percentage=5.14|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,47,117|percentage=82.36|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mukesh Kumar Pal]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ashok Mohanty]] by a margin of 6,214 votes.<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Pallahara<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mukesh Kumar Pal]]
|votes = 59,350
|percentage = 43.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Mohanty]]
|votes = 53,136
|percentage = 38.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Subrat Garnayak
|votes = 12,266
|percentage = 8.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,234
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,214
|percentage = 4.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,37,640
|percentage = 80.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mahesh Sahoo]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ashok Mohanty]] by a margin of 5,294 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url= http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html |title= Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014 |work= leadtech.in |accessdate= 29 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html |archive-date= 18 August 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Pallahara<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Pallahara|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1859.htm?ac=59|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Pallahara (59)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=59|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201074844/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=59|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 December 2023|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mahesh Sahoo]]
|votes = 44,264
|percentage = 34.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Mohanty]]
|votes = 38,970
|percentage = 30.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Subodh Chandra Pani
|votes = 18,487
|percentage = 14.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1135
|percentage = 0.89
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,294
|percentage = 41.37
|change = 36.31
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,27,958
|percentage = 83.83
|change = 9.9
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,52,634
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Ravi Narayan Pani]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] by a margin of 5,467 votes.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=5467 |accessdate=5 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Pallahara<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ravi Narayan Pani]]
|votes = 40,980
|percentage = 37.96
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
|votes = 35,513
|percentage = 32.90
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bibhudhendra Pratap Das
|votes = 21,258
|percentage = 19.69
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,467
|percentage = 5.06{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,07,959
|percentage = 73.93
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Angul district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coord|21.43|85.20|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Angul district]]
[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Bharat Chhikara

2026-04-13T05:10:34Z

Associatedin21: added article

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
|name=Bharat Chhikara
|image=
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1985|10|10|df=yes}}
|birth_place=[[Kanonda]] ([[Bahadurgarh]]), [[Haryana]], India
|death_date=
|death_place=
|height=
|position=[[Field hockey#Positions|Midfielder]]
|currentclub=
|youthclubs1=
|youthyears1=
|clubs1=
|years1=
|caps(goals)1=
|clubs2=
|years2=
|caps(goals)2=
|clubs3=
|years3=
|caps(goals)3=
|nationalteam1=[[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
|nationalyears1=
|nationalcaps(goals)1=
|updated=25 July 2016
|medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{flagu|India}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]]|[[Field hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2010 Asian Games|Team]]}}
}}
'''Bharat Chhikara''' sometimes '''Chikara''' (born 10 October 1985) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who has played as a [[Field hockey#Positions|midfielder]] for the [[India men's national field hockey team|national team]]. He was part of the team that won the bronze medal at the [[2010 Asian Games]] and silver medal at the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Love for hockey keeps Bharat Chikara going|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Love-for-hockey-keeps-Bharat-Chikara-going/articleshow/22091759.cms|work=The Times of India|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref> Chhikara is an alumnus of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-10-14|title=Jamia alumni in hockey finals|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/jamia-alumni-in-hockey-finals/story-InxjaoZCGIxh1ImTueT5wK.html|access-date=2021-03-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Chhikara played in 2019 for the institutional side Indian Oil Corporation (IOC).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/bombay-gold-cup-fit-bharat-chhikara-still-a-hit-for-ioc/articleshow/68307493.cms |title=Bombay Gold Cup: Fit Bharat Chhikara still a hit for IOC |work=The Times of India |date=March 7, 2019 |last=Roy |first=Dhananjay |accessdate= 26 July 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiahockey.net/india-hockey-team/bharat/ Player profile at indiahockey.net]

{{India FH Squad 2010 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chikara, Bharat}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:2010 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]

Aga Khan

2026-04-12T16:28:04Z

Associatedin21:

{{short description|Islamic hereditary title}}
{{about|the hereditary title|the current incumbent|Aga Khan V|other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox monarchy
|royal_title = Prince Aga Khan
|realm = the Imamate of the [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari]] [[Isma'ilism|Ismāʿīli]] [[Shia Islam|Shias]]
|native_name = {{langx|fa|آقاخان}} {{langx|ar|آغا خان}}
|border = 
|coatofarms =
|coatofarms_article =
|type = other3
|his/her =
|image =
|caption =
|incumbent = [[Aga Khan V|Rahim al-Hussaini]]
|incumbentsince = 4 February 2025
|other = 
|first_monarch = [[Hasan Ali Shah]]
|last_monarch = 
|formation = 1817
|abolition = 
|residence = 
|appointer = 
|pretender = 
}}'''Aga Khan''' ({{langx|fa|آقاخان}}; {{langx|ar|آغا خان}}; also transliterated as ''Aqa Khan'' and ''Agha Khan'')<ref name="DaftaryIsmailis2ed2">{{Cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |author-link1=Farhad Daftary |title=The Ismāʻı̄lı̄s: their history and doctrines |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-511-35561-5 |edition=2nd}}</ref> is the [[hereditary title]] of the spiritual leader and [[Imamate in Nizari doctrine|Imām]] of the [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari]] [[Isma'ilism|Ismāʿīli]] [[Shia Islam|Shias]], a branch of [[Islam]] with approximately 12{{endash}}15 million followers worldwide. The Aga Khan serves as both the religious head and temporal leader of the Ismaili community, providing spiritual guidance and overseeing extensive [[Aga Khan Development Network|development and humanitarian]] work across [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and other regions where [[Ismailism|Ismailis]] live.

The title, which means "Great Leader" or "Grand Commander," has been passed down through a hereditary line for over 150 years, with each Aga Khan believed by his followers to be a descendant of [[Muhammad]]. Unlike many other Islamic leadership positions, the Aga Khan's authority combines religious interpretation with significant involvement in education, healthcare, cultural preservation, and economic development.

The current holder of the title is the 50th hereditary Imām, Prince [[Shah]] Rahim al-Hussaini, [[Aga Khan V]], who acceded to the Imamat on 4 February 2025 upon the death of his father, Prince [[Shah]] Karim al-Hussaini, [[Aga Khan IV]], who had led the community for nearly 68 years. The succession was formalized through his father's will, and he was granted the style "His Highness" by [[King Charles III]], continuing a tradition dating back to the first Aga Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-10 |title=The King is pleased to grant the new Aga Khan the title “His Highness” |url=https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2025-02-10/the-king-is-pleased-to-grant-the-new-aga-khan-the-title-his-highness |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=www.royal.uk |language=en}}</ref>{{Ismailis|Ismaili History}}

==Title==
The title is made up of the titles "[[Agha (title)|agha]]" and "[[Khan (title)|khan]]". The Turkish "agha" is "aqa" (Āqā) in [[Persian language|Persian]]. The word "[[agha (title)|agha]]" comes from the [[Old Turkic language|Old Turkic]] and [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] "aqa", meaning "elder men",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/aga|title=the definition of aga|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707020835/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/aga|archive-date=7 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=a%25C4%259Fa&x=0&y=0|title=imla|website=www.nisanyansozluk.com|access-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722111512/http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=a%C4%9Fa&x=0&y=0|archive-date=22 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and means something like "master" or "lord". "[[Khan (title)|Khan]]" means king or ruler in Turkish and Mongolian languages.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge History of China|last=Fairbank|first=John King|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1978|pages=367}}</ref> Combining the terms together the title means commanding chief, lord, or master.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=February 6, 2025 |title=Aga Khan IV to be buried in Egypt on Sunday |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/aga-khan-iv-be-buried-egypt-sunday-2025-02-06/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>

According to [[Farhad Daftary]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_person.asp?ID=8&type=auth |title=The Institute of Ismaili Studies |url-status=dead |access-date=2 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512113401/http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_person.asp?ID=8&type=auth |archive-date=12 May 2013 }}</ref> a scholar at the [[Institute of Ismaili Studies|Institute of Isma'ili Studies]], ''Aga Khan''<ref>[[Farhad Daftary|Daftary, Farhad]] (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=sf9fAwAAQBAJ&dq=Dhani+Pir&pg=PT169 "A Modern History of the Ismailis: Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community", I.B. Tauris & Co., 416 p., pp. 1–2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194233/https://books.google.fr/books?id=sf9fAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169&lpg=PT169&dq=Dhani+Pir&source=bl&ots=es8PVBVjUN&sig=AXx4_ZQ55glORlv7FROEWZXCHfk&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjknebX7dbWAhXBJcAKHbXJDKAQ6AEIUjAM#v=onepage&q=Dhani%20Pir&f=false |date=31 December 2018 }} {{ISBN|978-1845117177}}</ref><ref name=Honorific>(...) H.H. the Aga Khan 'who is known amongst his followers by the following names: "''Hazarat Mowlana Dhani Salamat Datar, Pir Salamat, Sarkar Saheb, Huzur Pur Nur, Dhani Salamat, Hazar Imam, Dhani Pir, Aga Khan.''" '</ref> is an honorific title bestowed on [[Aga Khan I|Hasan Ali Shah]] (1804–1881), the 46th Imām of [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari Ismai'lis]] (1817–1881), by [[Qajar dynasty|the Iranian king]] [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]].<ref name="DaftaryBib">{{cite book | title=Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography Of Sources And Studies| last=Daftary |first=Farhad |author-link=Farhad Daftary |year=2004| publisher=Institute of Ismaili Studies|isbn=978-1-850-43439-9}}</ref> The Aga Khan III noted in a famous legal proceeding in India that ''Aga Khan'' is not a title but instead an [[Pseudonym|alias]] that was given to the Aga Khan I when he was a young man.<ref name=Honorific/><ref name="haji bibi">{{Cite web|last1=Russell|first1=Justice|author-link1=Bombay High Court|title=Haji Bibi vs H.H. Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah, 1 September 1908|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1531123/|website=indiankanoon.org|publisher=Indian Kanoon|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714111159/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1531123/|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The '''[[Noorani family]]''' is a term used to refer to the immediate family of the [[Aga Khan]].<ref name="rferl_2012">{{cite news |last1=Najibullah |first1=Farangis |title=Five Things To Know About The Aga Khan |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/aga-khan-explainer/24686969.html |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe]] |date=24 August 2012}}</ref>

==History==
During the latter stages of the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1841–1842), [[Hasan Ali Shah]] and his cavalry officers provided assistance to [[William Nott (British general)|General Nott]] in [[Kandahar Province]] and to [[Richard England (British Army officer, born 1793)|General England]] in his advance from [[Sindh]] to join Nott.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritage.ismaili.net/node/18053 |title=Ismaili History 807 - The Aga Khan I in Afghanistan |publisher=Ismaili.NET - Heritage F.I.E.L.D. |language=en |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref> For these and for other diligent efforts made by him in the service of the Empire, the [[British Raj]] recognised him as a "Prince"; it was not an uncommon practice for the British to consolidate their hold on India by handing out similar titles liberally to any large landowner or tribal chieftain with local influence who made himself useful to them.

The Aga Khan was exceptional in that, while it was the local tribal influence that had enabled him to serve the British and gain their favour, his claim to nobility was based upon his claim to leadership of an entire sect of Islam. Imperial Britain saw great possibilities in having under their control and patronage the head of a major [[Shia]] sect; it could even be used at some later stage to counterbalance the influence of the [[Ottoman Caliph]], the head of Islam as recognized by the [[Sunni]] sects. The Aga Khan was the only religious or community leader in [[British India]] granted a personal [[gun salute]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Table of Personal Salutes, 11 Gun Salutes |journal=The India Office and Burma Office List for 1945 |year=1945 |page=43 |quote=Table of Personal Salutes, Salutes of 11 Guns }}</ref>

In 1866, the [[Aga Khan I|Aga Khan]] won a court victory in the [[Bombay High Court|High Court of Bombay]] in what popularly became known as the [[Aga Khan Case]], securing Aga Khan I's recognition by the [[British government]] as the [[Imamate in Nizari doctrine|Imām]] of the Isma'ilis/[[Khoja]] community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cole |first=Juan Ricardo |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/25380111 |title=Roots of north indian shīʻism in Iran and Iraq : religion and state in Awadh, 1722–1859 |date=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-562326-6 |oclc=25380111}}</ref> The Aga Khan is also the [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] within the [[Nizari]] [[Ismaili]] community.

In 1887, the [[Secretary of State for India]], acting through the [[Viceroy of India]], formally recognized the title ''Aga Khan''.<ref>{{Cite web|first= Dr Ramesh Kumar |last=Vankwani|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/216352-The-Aga-Khans-legacy|title=The Aga Khan's legacy|work=[[The News International]]|language=en|date=14 June 2017|accessdate=2 June 2022}}</ref>

==List of Aga Khans==
Five Ismāʿīli imāms have held this title:
*[[Aga Khan I]] – Hasan Ali Shah Mahallati (1804–1881), 46th hereditary Imam of Nizari Ismailis (1817–1881)
*[[Aga Khan II]] – Shah Ali Shah (about 1830–1885), 47th hereditary Imam of Nizari Ismailis (12 April 1881 – 17 August 1885)
*[[Aga Khan III]] – Sir Sultan Mohammed Shah (1877–1957), 48th hereditary Imam of Nizari Ismailis (17 August 1885 – 11 July 1957)
*[[Aga Khan IV]] – Prince Shah Karim Al-Hussaini (1936–2025), 49th hereditary Imam of Nizari Ismailis (11 July 1957 – 4 February 2025)
*[[Rahim Aga Khan|Aga Khan V]] – Prince Shah Rahim Al-Hussaini (born 1971), 50th hereditary Imam of Nizari Ismailis (4 February 2025 – present)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-05 |title=Rahim Al-Hussaini is named the new Aga Khan, spiritual leader of Ismaili Muslims |url=https://apnews.com/article/aga-khan-rahim-alhussaini-8efb5353df62fd6f452ca2935507483c |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Imamate in Nizari doctrine]]
*[[Imamate in Shia doctrine]]
*[[List of Ismaili imams]]
*[[Nizari Ismaili state]]
*[[Noorani family]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*"Les Agas Khans", Yann Kerlau, Perrin 2004

{{Aga Khans}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aga Khans| ]]
[[Category:Titles]]
[[Category:Religious leadership roles]]
[[Category:1818 introductions]]

Sewri Kalachowki-Naigam Vadala Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:27:56Z

Associatedin21: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sewri Kalachowki-Naigam Vadala
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1951 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 1,06,791
| mla = Mane, Madhav Ganpatrao
| party = {{Party index link|Samajwadi Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Sewri–Kalachowki–Naigaon–Wadala Assembly constituency was a former assembly constituency in the [[India|Republic of India]] state of [[Maharashtra]]. Following the 1955 Delimitation Act, the constituency was merged into the [[Sewree Assembly constituency|Sewree Assembly constituency]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mane, Madhav Ganpatrao || {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}
|-
| Shivtarkar, Sitaram Namdeo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sewri Kalachowki-Naigam Vadala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mane, Madhav Ganpatrao |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 23,596 |percentage = 23.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Damle, Dattatraya Ganesh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,272 |percentage = 20.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivtarkar, Sitaram Namdeo |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,890 |percentage = 19.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhandare, Ramchandra Dhondiba |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 19,337 |percentage = 18.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangachari Avioor, Shrinivas |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 16,160 |percentage = 15.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Singh, Ramsingh Raghoprasad |party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 2,216 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,324 |percentage = 2.27% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 102,471 |percentage = 47.98% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 102,471}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,791 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

F. Rodingliana

2026-04-04T20:51:10Z

Associatedin21: Starting Some Data More To Come

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = F. Rodingliana
| honorific_suffix =
| image = F Rodingliana.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = F. Rodingliana in 2025
| office3 = [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = December 2023
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = Lthangmawia
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[Lengteng Assembly constituency|Lengteng]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|11|15|df=y}}
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]] (since 2017)
| other_party =
| spouse =
| relations =
| children =
| mother =
| father = F. Kapsanga
| awards = 
}}

'''F. Rodingliana''' is an Indian politician from [[Mizoram]], who is currently the Minister of State for Power & Electricity Commerce & Industries Department and Printing & Stationery Department for the [[Government of Mizoram]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram ministers list 2023: Full list of ministers and their portfolios in Lalduhoma cabinet |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mizoram-ministers-list-2023-full-list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-lalduhoma-cabinet/3333266/ |website=financialexpress.com |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref>

He was elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Lengteng Assembly constituency]] in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the [[Zoram People's Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lengteng Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: ZPM's F.rodingliana wins Lengteng with 6171 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lengteng-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471381-2023-12-04 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Council of Ministers of Mizoram|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodingliana, F.}}
[[Category:Politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Zoram People's Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

List of Google Easter eggs

2026-03-28T17:33:26Z

Associatedin21:

{{Short description|none}}
{{For|a list of the company's April Fools' Day jokes and hoaxes|List of Google April Fools' Day jokes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2026}}

{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{List missing criteria|date=April 2023}}

[[File:Pacman10-hp.png|thumb|upright=1.4|A ''[[Pac-Man]]'' related interactive [[Google Doodle]] [[Pac-Man Google Doodle|from 2010]] will be shown to users searching for "Google Pacman" or "play Pacman".]]
The American technology company [[Google]] has added [[Easter egg (media)|Easter eggs]] into many of its [[List of Google products|products and services]], such as [[Google Search]], [[YouTube]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] since the 2000s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Being A Teen Hacker.: A Beginners Guide To Ethical Hacking & Computer Security Awareness. VOL-I |page=95 |author=Hariom Choudhary |date=April 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="superb owl">{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Google Search has a 'Superb Owl' Easter Egg for the Big Game |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/01/31/google-search-superb-owl-easter-egg/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=February 5, 2019 |date=January 31, 2019}}</ref> Google avoids adding Easter eggs to popular search pages, as they do not want to negatively impact usability.<ref name="read-write">{{cite web |last1=Mitchell |first1=Jon |title=How A Google Engineer Built A Universe In An Easter Egg - ReadWrite |url=https://readwrite.com/2012/10/05/how-a-google-engineer-built-a-universe-in-an-easter-egg/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116030911/http://readwrite.com/2012/10/05/how-a-google-engineer-built-a-universe-in-an-easter-egg |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |website=ReadWrite |access-date=December 22, 2017 |date=October 5, 2012}}</ref><ref name="hidden meaning">{{cite web |last1=Wiley |first1=Jon |title=Hidden Meaning |url=https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-gb/articles/hidden-meaning.html |website=Think with life |access-date=March 25, 2017 |language=en-gb |date=July 2012 |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517185607/https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-gb/articles/hidden-meaning.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

While unofficial and not maintained by Google itself, [[elgooG]] is a website that contains all Google Easter eggs, whether or not Google has discontinued them.

==Google Search==
{{Further|Google Search}}

As Google searches are [[case insensitive]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.labnol.org/internet/search/case-sensitive-google-search/6279/|website=labnol.org|title=Perform Case Sensitive Search with Google|first=Amit|last=Agarwal|date=July 15, 2012|access-date=October 21, 2018}}</ref> search terms listed are referred to in [[lower case]].

===General===
* "[[2025 PN7]]{{see it|term=2025 PN7}}" shows two moons moving across the screen.
* "[[6-7 meme|6-7]]{{see it|term=6-7}}", "67", "6 7", "six seven", "67 meme" and similar searches makes the screen wiggle for a few seconds, similar to the up-and-down hand gesture from the 6-7 internet meme.
* "[[United States Semiquincentennial|america 250]]" will show a display of red and blue fireworks across the screen (only in the United States).
* "{{see it|askew}}" causes the results page to be slightly tilted to the right.<ref name="bi 2018">{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-search-easter-eggs-2018-1?r=US&IR=T#6-searching-askew-will-turn-the-page-slightlyaskew-6 |title=Searching "askew" will turn the page slightly...askew. |first=Avery |last=Hartman |date=June 19, 2019 |website=Business Insider |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref name="sel 2018">{{Cite web |url=https://searchengineland.com/the-big-list-of-google-easter-eggs-153768 |title=Updated: The big list of Google Easter eggs |first=Chris |last=Sherman |website=Search Engine Land |date=October 9, 2018 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> This effect once worked when searching "tilt".<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Hidden Google: 10 Fun Search Tricks |url=https://time.com/3033959/hidden-google-10-fun-search-tricks/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>
* "[[Aurora Borealis]]{{see it|term=aurora borealis}}" or "Northern Lights{{see it|term=northern lights}}" will show a button with the symbol of the Northern Lights. When clicked, it will superimpose a show of the Northern Lights. If clicked again while the Northern Lights are being shown, a shooting star will appear on the screen.
* "[[baguette]]" shows a baguette icon which, when pressed, leads to a baguette catching game. {{See it|term=baguette}}
* "{{see it|<blink>}}", "blink tag", or "blink html" includes samples of the [[blink element]] in the results.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/748128/software-google-easter-egg-leads-to-story-behind-blink-tag.html |title=Google Easter Egg Leads to Story Behind 'Blink' Tag |last=McNamara |first=Paul |newspaper=Network World |date=February 24, 2014 |access-date=January 20, 2015}}</ref>
* "[[boids]]" (and similar terms such as "starlings") causes the search results to flock together, similar to the '''[[artificial life]]''' program developed in 1986.{{See it|term=boids}}
* "[[Cha Cha Slide]]{{see it|term=cha cha slide}}" adds a glittering microphone next to the link to the song's music video. Click on it a few times, and it will recreate the main chorus in the browser.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2020 |title=Everybody clap your hands for the 'Cha Cha Slide' Google Easter Egg |url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2020/08/google-cha-cha-slide-easter-egg-dance |website=USA Today}}</ref> This was discontinued temporarily in 2023 due to [[DJ Casper]]'s death on August 7, but has since been restored.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
* "Chalamet", "Timmy Chalamet", "[[Timothée Chalamet]]{{see it|term=timothée chalamet}}" or "marty supreme{{see it|term=marty supreme}}" makes an orange doodle of a blimp fly across the screen horizontally, referencing his role in the 2025 film ''[[Marty Supreme]]''.
*"[[chicxulub]]{{See it|term=chicxulub}}", "chicxulub asteroid", "meteorite{{see it|term=meteorite}}", and similar terms will show an asteroid falling on the results page. The whole page will then shake slightly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefocus.news/tech/what-happens-if-you-google-chicxulub-crater-we-did-it-so-you-dont-have-to/|title=What happens if you Google 'Chicxulub Crater'? We did it so you don't have to|website=The Focus|last=Munro|first=Danny|date=December 29, 2022|access-date=January 8, 2022}}</ref>
* "[[christmas]]{{See it|term=christmas}}", "[[hanukkah]]{{See it|term=hanukkah}}", and "[[kwanzaa]]{{See it|term=kwanzaa}}" will show decorations next to the search bar for each respective holiday. The feature used to be active only during December.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-christmas-decorations-32629.html|title=Google Christmas Decorations with Special Pagination Bar Now Update for Holidays |date=December 21, 2021 }}</ref> Each year, new decorations are shown.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feinn |first1=Lily |title=These Google Search Holiday Easter Eggs Are Making The Internet Super Festive |url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/198665-these-google-search-holiday-easter-eggs-are-making-the-internet-super-festive |website=Bustle |date=December 6, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gesenhues |first1=Amy |title=Google wraps Hanukkah, Festivus, Christmas & Kwanzaa searches in festive holiday decor |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-wraps-hanukkah-kwanzaa-christmas-festivus-search-page-banners-usual-holiday-decor-287765 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=December 16, 2017 |date=December 5, 2017}}</ref>
* "{{see it|cicada}}" and similar terms will add a cicada that, when pressed, shows some cicadas flying over the screen.
* "[[Cricket World Cup]]{{See it|term=cricket world cup}}" or "[[2023 Cricket World Cup]]{{See it|term=2023 cricket world cup}}" shows a [[minigame]] titled ''Mini Cup'' which allows selections from the various teams participating in the 13th-edition of the [[Cricket World Cup]]. The game features [[batting (cricket)|batting]] with a tally of the teams having the highest scores.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Will you bat for India or Pakistan? Play Google's cricket game on your phone ahead of World Cup clash; here's how |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/cricket/will-you-bat-for-india-or-pakistan-play-googles-cricket-game-on-your-phone-ahead-of-world-cup-clas |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
* "{{see it|conway's game of life}}" on a desktop browser generates a running configuration of [[Conway's Game of Life|the game]] to the right of the search results. The process may also be stopped or altered by the user.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/news/2191362/google-easter-egg-search-conway-s-game-of-life |title=Google Easter Egg: Search "Conway's Game of Life" |website=searchenginewatch.com |date=July 13, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="read-write" />
* "[[Comic Sans]]", "[[Geocities]]", "Design fails", "Bad UX", "best font ever{{see it|term=best font ever}}", "best typeface ever", "[[Vincent Connare]]" and "90s websites" will change the search results to the [[Comic Sans]] font, except on iOS devices where it will change to the Chalkduster font.
** "Times New Roman font{{see it|term=Times New Roman}}", "Stanley Morison", "Victor Lardent", or "Times New Roman" will change the search results to the [[Times New Roman]] font.
** "Georgia font{{see it|term=Georgia font}}" will change the search results to the [[Georgia (typeface)|Georgia]] font.
** "Verdana font{{see it|term=Verdana font}}", or "Matthew Carter" will change the search results to the [[Verdana]] font.
** "Tahoma font{{see it|term=Tahoma font}}" will change the search results to the [[Tahoma (typeface)|Tahoma]] font.
** "Arial font{{see it|term=Arial font}}" will change the search results to the [[Arial]] font.
** "Trebuchet MS{{see it|term=Trebuchet MS}}" will change the search results to the [[Trebuchet MS]] font.
** "Impact font{{see it|term=Impact font}}" will change the search results to the [[Impact (typeface)|Impact]] font.
** "Calibri{{see it|term=Calibri}}" or "Luc de Groot" will change the search results to the [[Calibri]] font.
** "Cambria font{{see it|term=Cambria font}}" will change the search results to the [[Cambria (typeface)|Cambria]] font.
** "Courier font{{see it|term=Courier font}}" will change the search results to the [[Courier (typeface)|Courier]] font.
** "Roboto{{see it|term=Roboto}}" will change the search results to the [[Roboto]] font.
** "Garamond{{see it|term=Garamond}}" will change the search results to the [[Garamond]] font.
** "Open Sans{{see it|term=Open Sans}}" or "Steve Matteson" will change the search results to the [[Open Sans]] font.
** "Proxima Nova font{{see it|term=Proxima Nova font}}" or "Mark Simonson" will change the search results to the [[Mark Simonson|Proxima Nova]] font.
** "Merriweather font{{see it|term=Merriweather font}}" will change the search results to the [[Merriweather]] font.
** "Amatic SC font{{see it|term=Amatic SC font}}" will change the search results to the Amatic SC font. This was one of the fonts created by Vernon Adams before his death in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amatic SC |url=https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Amatic+SC |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Google Fonts |language=en}}</ref> It also works with "Vernon Adams font designer{{see it|term=Vernon Adams font designer}}".
** "Permanent Marker font" will change the search results to the Permanent Marker font.{{see it|term=Permanent Marker font}}
* "DART asteroid{{see it|term=DART asteroid}}" will show the probe hitting an asteroid, tilting the screen.
* "[[diwali]]{{see it|term=diwali}}" will show a lamp which when clicked starts a lamp lighting game.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://opoyi.com/diwali-2021-googles-new-diya-feature-is-here-to-brighten-up-the-internet |title=Diwali 2021: Googles new diya feature is here to brighten up the internet |date=August 6, 2023 |access-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218071749/https://opoyi.com/diwali-2021-googles-new-diya-feature-is-here-to-brighten-up-the-internet |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* "{{see it|do a barrel roll}}" or "z or r twice" causes the result page to do a ''[[Star Fox]]''-style [[barrel roll]].<ref name="Easter Eggs CBSNews">{{cite news |title=17 amazing Google Easter eggs (1) |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/17-amazing-google-easter-eggs/ |access-date=July 20, 2015}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2486825,00.asp |title=The Definitive List of Google Search Easter Eggs |newspaper=PCMAG |access-date=December 19, 2016}}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed">{{Cite web |url=http://feedsyouneed.com/google-easter-eggs-google-tricks/ |title=15+ Best Google Easter Eggs & Google Tricks 2016 |website=feedsyouneed.com |author=Azar Roshan |access-date=March 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805055813/http://feedsyouneed.com/google-easter-eggs-google-tricks |archive-date=August 5, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* "[[drag queen]]", "[[gay pride]]{{see it|term=gay pride}}", "[[homosexuality]]", "[[Stonewall riots|stonewall]]" and other [[LGBTQ+]]-related searches, at times of [[gay pride festival]] activity, cause the results page to have a rainbow themed header.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907034259/https://www.lifewire.com/secret-google-easter-eggs-1616312 |archive-date=September 7, 2017 |url=https://www.lifewire.com/secret-google-easter-eggs-1616312 |title=Secret Google Easter Eggs |website=lifewire.com |author=Marziah Karch |date=September 22, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/google-celebrates-gay-pride-with-rainbow-coloured-easter-egg |website=nationalpost.com |title=Google celebrates gay pride with rainbow-coloured Easter egg |date=June 24, 2013 |access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref>
* "{{see it|drop bear}}" will show a sign that when clicked will cause a drop bear to fall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=The 16 Best Google Animations Unlocked with a Simple Search |url=https://gizmodo.com/google-the-last-of-us-the-mandalorian-baby-yoda-1850193184 |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Gizmodo |language=en}}</ref>
* "[[dutch angle]]{{see it|term=dutch angle}}" shows the results page in a slightly tilted angle.
* "[[DVD screensaver]]{{see it|term=dvd screensaver}}" causes the [[Google logo]] in the top left corner of the screen to bounce around the screen, shifting colors between blue, red, yellow, and green every time it hits the page boundaries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abne r|date=May 12, 2021 |title=Google Search adds 'DVD screensaver' easter egg |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/05/12/google-search-dvd-screensaver/ |access-date=May 13, 2021 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
** Every time the tab currently engaged in the Easter egg is returned to after being clicked out of, the bouncing logo will always be in a position where it hits perfectly into a corner.
** However, this feature is disabled if a major Google Doodle is occurring instead of the normal logo.
* "{{see it|easter}}" changes the "Gooo...gle" page indicator at the bottom of every result page to show [[Easter egg]]s instead of o's.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=easter&safe=active&ei=hRIjY8CMH5GnptQP9fOOkAM Search results for "easter"]</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2022}}
* "{{see it|festivus}}" shows an image of the [[Festivus]] pole beside the search results and the message "A festivus miracle!" next to the number of search results.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ew.com/article/2012/12/11/google-festivus |title=Google celebrates Festivus with 'Seinfeld'-inspired Easter Egg |website=ew.com}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* "{{see it|fireworks}}", "[[fourth of july]]" and other search terms containing "fireworks" on [[Independence Day (United States)|US Independence Day – July 4th]], will display simulated multi-colored fireworks for several seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2019 |title=Fireworks Easter Egg Takes over Google.com for July 4th |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/07/02/google-fireworks-easter-egg/ |website=[[9to5Google]]}}</ref>
* "[[Five Nights at Freddy's]]" and similar terms causes Toy Freddy's eyes to appear on the screen, look left and right, {{See it|term=Five Nights At Freddy's}} and then disappear. Searching for Mangle or Toy Bonnie will result in the eyes instead having yellow or green [[Iris (anatomy)|irides]], respectively. This was to promote the release of the [[Five Nights at Freddy's 2 (film)|''Five Nights at Freddy's 2'']] film in December 2025.
* "[[Forrest Gump]]{{see it|term=forrest gump}}" makes a male runner emoji appear at the top of the screen with more runners following him as he runs.
* "[[Flyana Boss]]{{see it|term=flyana boss}}" and similar searches have two female runner emojis glide across above the search.{{Citation needed||date=November 2023}}
* "Friends glossary" will show definitions for various quotes from the show.{{see it|term=friends glossary}}
* "[[Georges Seurat]]"{{see it|term=Georges Seurat}} adds a painting icon next to his name in the Knowledge Graph that, when clicked, makes the result appear in his signature pointillism style.
*"[[Ghostbusters]]{{see it|term=ghostbusters}}" around October will have three ghost emojis, followed by a van emoji, glide across the search.{{Citation needed||date=October 2023}}
* "{{see it|google in 1998}}" on a desktop browser will generate a layout similar to the one Google used for its search engine in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/26/4775032/google-in-1998-search-engine-easter-egg |title='Google in 1998' Easter egg takes you to Google.com as it looked 15 years ago |website=theverge.com}}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* "{{see it|googly eyes}}" will cause a pair of googly eyes to slide from the top of the page to cover each letter "O" in the top Google logo. The eyes will slowly follow the location of the cursor. {{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
** The same googly eyes appear when actors from ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]'' are Googled (e.g. "michelle yeoh", "ke huy quan", "stephanie hsu"), in reference to the movie.{{Citation needed||date=April 2023}}
* "[[Halloween]]{{see it|term=halloween}}" formerly resulted in a ghost appearing in the Knowledge Graph and when clicked, plays the [[Magic Cat Academy|2016 Halloween Google Doodle]]. The search now shows the green team ghosts of the 2018 and 2022 Halloween doodles appearing over the screen.
** "Halloween" from October 28-31, 2025 brought up a marquee of [[Pac-Man (character)|Pac-Man]] being chased by [[Ghosts (Pac-Man)|Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde]] in different costumes each time they reappeared after reaching the end, as part of the 2025 ''Pac-Man'' Halloween doodle.
* "{{see it|haunted house}}" will bring up emojis of houses and spider webs above the results section.{{Citation needed||date=October 2023}}
* "[[Hollow Knight]]", "Silksong", or "[[Hollow Knight: Silksong]]" will bring up a button that, when pressed, will cause Hornet's Needle with the Reaper Crest to slash and destroy the search results, likely to commemorate the release of ''Silksong'' after being in development for 8 years.
* "[[Men's T20 World Cup|ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]" and other terms will bring up a cricket game.{{See it|url=www.google.com/search?q=hollow+knight+silksong|hide=yes}}
* "[[Inside Out (2015 movie)|Inside Out]]", "[[Inside Out 2]]{{see it|term=inside out 2}}" and other similar searches will display a button in the bottom of the screen which will show a machine dispensing a memory orb every time the button is clicked; this was to promote the release of ''[[Inside Out 2]]'' in June 2024.
* {{See it|term=Infinite Craft}}"[[Infinite Craft|infinite craft]]" will bring up the words "lake + satellite" at the top of Search. In the game, combining the two will create "Google".
*"[[Isaac Newton]]{{See it|term=isaac newton}}" an icon of a tree appears, which when clicked, drops an apple onto the page.
* "{{see it|it}}" has a scared emoji being chased left and right near the search bar by a clown emoji with 3 balloons behind the clown. This is a reference to the [[It (novel)|It]] novel by [[Stephen King]] and films by [[Andy Muschietti]] as "[[Pennywise]]"/"It"'s victims are usually kids who have fears that the clown can exploit. The red balloons are the most common tactic that "Pennywise"/"It" uses to make their victims scared. Famously, it is used in the opening scene in the book, in the [[It (2017 film)|first of the reboot films]] and in the [[It (miniseries)|miniseries]] where "Pennywise"/"It" uses a red balloon to lure Georgie into the sewer.
*"[[It Follows]]{{see it|term=it follows}}" will cause an animation of a walking person emoji chasing a running person emoji to glide across the page.
*"[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]{{see it|term=it's the great pumpkin, charlie brown}}" around October will have a pumpkin and football emoji appear over the search.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* "{{see it|is google down}}" returns with "No".<ref name="SEO Nerd">{{cite web |title=The 42 best Google Easter Eggs and more... |url=https://www.seo-nerd.com/en/news-en/the-best-google-easter-eggs |website=seo-nerd |date=August 3, 2015 |access-date=February 5, 2017 |last1=Schmeißer |first1=Matthias |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205104103/https://www.seo-nerd.com/en/news-en/the-best-google-easter-eggs |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* "[[Flat Earth|Is the earth flat]]{{see it|term=is the earth flat}}" returns with "No, the Earth is roughly a sphere." Similar queries include "{{see it|is the earth round}}" and "{{see it|is the earth flat or round}}".
* "[[Ive (group)|Ive]]{{see it|term=ive}}" will display a star button at the bottom of the page that allows users to paste [[sparkler]] stickers over the search, to celebrate the release of the group's singles "[[Bang Bang (Ive song)|Bang Bang]]" and "[[Blackhole (song)|Blackhole]]" and album ''[[Revive+]]'' in February 2026.
* "{{see it|jack o lantern}}" will have a [[jack-o'-lantern]] emoji appear over the search.
* "[[John Cena]]{{see it|term=John Cena}}" or just "cena" will cause a button with a waving hand to appear at the bottom of the screen. Clicking on the button will cause a large hand to appear in the middle of the screen doing the "you can't see me" waving gesture as the page vanishes; this was added in the wake of the WWE wrestler's retirement from in-ring competition in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/celebrity/articles/google-releases-clever-easter-egg-015309774.html|title=Google Releases Clever Easter Egg For John Cena|website=Yahoo|last=Nash|first=Anthony|date=December 13, 2025|access-date=December 14, 2025}}</ref>
* "{{see it|kerning}}" will add spaces between the letters of the word "kerning" in the search results. [[Kerning]] refers to the process of adjusting the space between letters in a word.<ref name="kerning">{{Cite news |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/google-easter-eggs-tilt-kerning-binary/ |title=A basketful of our favorite Google Easter eggs |date=March 29, 2013 |work=The Daily Dot |access-date=November 1, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
** "{{see it|keming}}" will remove spaces between the letters of the word "keming".<ref name="kerning" /> This refers to improper kerning,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wstyler.ucsd.edu/posts/flick_bad_kerning.html |title=FLICK BAD KERNING |website=ucsd.edu |first=Will |last=Styler |date=2012 |access-date=November 9, 2018}}</ref> particularly when not enough space is used between letters, which can cause mistakes like "kerning" to be read as "keming".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/kerning-spacing-leading-the-invisible-art-of-typography-19699 |title=Kerning, spacing, leading: the invisible art of typography |website=theconversation.com |date=November 28, 2013 |access-date=November 9, 2018}}</ref>
* "[[KPop Demon Hunters]]" will show the phrase "Couch! Couch! Couch!" repeatedly on top of the search queries, in reference to the animated film of the same name. There is also a button that can be clicked which will show a bouquet of flowers being thrown. {{see it|term=kpop demon hunters}}
* "{{see it|lady gaga}}" will show a [[Lady Gaga]] face button which when clicked, will show Lady Gaga singing her hit song "[[Bad Romance]]".
* "{{see it|la tomatina}}" will add an animation of a jumping tomato next to the summary of [[Tomatina]]. When clicked, one can now throw tomatoes onto the website by clicking anywhere, referencing the festival. At the bottom, a button also appears to wash the thrown tomatoes off.
* "{{see it|lewis capaldi}}" will show a message at the top of the search results saying "❤️ Welcome back Lewis – Someone we love ❤️", referencing his return to the stage after a two-year hiatus due to his [[Tourette's]], and his hit song "[[Someone You Loved]]".
* "marquee", "marquee tag", or "marquee html" will apply the [[marquee element]] to the results count at the top of the results.{{see it|term=<marquee>}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Barry |title=The Marquee HTML Google Easter Egg |url=http://searchengineland.com/marquee-html-google-easter-egg-185153 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=March 20, 2017 |date=February 25, 2014}}</ref><ref name="gd">{{cite web |last1=Memishaj |first1=Bledi |title=Google Tricks: The definitive list of Google Easter Eggs |url=https://www.gadgetdetected.com/2017/09/google-easter-eggs/ |website=Gadget Detected - Tech & Startup news |access-date=November 3, 2017 |date=September 19, 2017}}</ref>
* "memorial day" on [[Memorial Day]] will start a sequence saying "For all who sacrificed" and "Thank you" with poppies at the bottom.{{Citation needed||date=August 2022}}
* Nearing the 2024 theatrical release, searching "Mean Girls" (either the [[Mean Girls|2004]] {{See it|term=mean girls 2004}}film or the [[Mean Girls (2024 film)|2024 musical film]]{{See it|term=mean girls 2024}}) will show a lipstick which when clicked, will turn the screen pink and allow one to click and place icons from the "Burn Book". The [[Mean Girls 2|2011 sequel]] apparently is not affected.
* {{see it|"meteor shower"}} and "asteroid shower" will dim the screen and have a group of three meteors pass through it diagonally before returning to normal.
* "[[minecraft]]{{see it|term=minecraft}}" and similar terms adds a grass block button that, when pressed, shows [[Steve (Minecraft)|Steve]]'s hand in the corner. Clicking on parts of the screen has the hand mine away that section, revealing a small ''Minecraft'' area. Steve can continue mining blocks to upgrade his pickaxe. The [[Creeper (Minecraft)|creeper]] appears when the pop-up is closed. It was created to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the game.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/24158379/minecraft-google-doodle-anniversary-easter-egg|title=You can now play Minecraft in Google — kind of|publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|last=Carpenter|first=Nicole|date=May 16, 2024|access-date=May 18, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/gaming/2024/05/16/minecraft-anniversary-google-easter-eggs/73705686007/|title=Google rolls out Easter eggs for Minecraft's 15th anniversary: Use these keywords to find them|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|last=Limehouse|first=Jonathan|date=May 16, 2024|access-date=May 18, 2024}}</ref>
* "[[monarch butterfly]]" on September 4, 2025 would cause a button to appear at the bottom of the screen, which, when pressed, would cause images of monarch butterflies to fly over the screen.
* "{{see it|mustache}}" will cause several different types of mustaches to appear under the two "O"s in the top Google logo. {{citation needed|date=October 2025}}
* "[[Naruto]]{{see it|term=Naruto}}" makes a Leaf Village symbol appear. When clicked, it shows shadow clones appearing on the screen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naruto Joins Google's Hidden Commands! Use the Search Bar for a Special Surprise! {{!}} NARUTO OFFICIAL SITE (NARUTO & BORUTO) |url=https://naruto-official.com/en/news/01_2230 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Naruto Joins Google's Hidden Commands! Use the Search Bar for a Special Surprise! {{!}} NARUTO OFFICIAL SITE (NARUTO & BORUTO) |language=en}}</ref>
* "nasa dart" would show the [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test]] satellite crashing and making the screen tilted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musil |first=Steven |title=Google Celebrates NASA's Asteroid Collision With DART Easter Egg |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/internet/google-crashes-nasas-asteroid-collision-party-with-search-easter-egg/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> Similar terms such as "{{see it|dart mission}}" and "{{see it|double asteroid redirection test}}" also show the animation.
* "{{see it|new year's eve 2022}}" will show a party popper near the top of the search page. Clicking it will cause confetti to appear. This also works with other years replacing 2022 but it is for only 2000 and above (i.e. "new year's eve 2019"). {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
* "Oscar winners" results in an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] icon popping up and flowers being thrown out of it.
* "[[Ozzy Osbourne]]" brings up scrolling text reading: " ..🤘 Thanks to the Mayhem, Prince of Darkness 🤘..🚃" due to the rockstar's death on July 22, 2025.
* "[[Paddington (film)|Paddington]]{{see it|term=paddington}}", "[[Paddington 2]]{{see it|term=paddington 2}}", or "[[Paddington in Peru]]{{see it|term=paddington in peru}}" makes a sandwich button pop up which when clicked coats the edges of the search results with marmalade and makes a marmalade sandwich pop up, Paddington's favorite food.
* "{{see it|Perseverance rover}}" causes a small animated drone, which represents the flying probe ingenuity. Clicking it will transform the screen into the landscape of Mars.
* "{{see it|pele}}", or "[[Pelé]]" causes the Goooo...gle page indicator at the bottom of the page to read Gooo..al instead, with the last "o" replaced by a soccer ball. If one clicks on the ball, or the #10 under it, then it will play an animation where the a is kicking the soccer ball, and the 'g' kicks it into the 'l', which has been turned into a soccer goal. This was made to honor the 80th birthday of the late soccer player Pelé.{{Citation needed||date=May 2022}}
* "{{see it|pi}}" (or "{{see it|calculator}}" and pressing P on the keyboard) and clicking the "π" symbol will start a memory game similar to [[Simon (game)|Simon]], in which the calculator highlights the digits of pi and prompts one to repeat the sequence. The sequence gets longer every turn. High-scores can be stored but will reset after reloading the page. The highest score possible is 314 digits.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lyons |first1=Kim |title=Pi Day is here and Google's calculator will test how well you know the mathematical constant |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/14/22330036/pi-day-google-calculator-math |website=The Verge |access-date=30 March 2022 |language=en |date=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* "[[Planet of the Bass]]{{see it|term=planet of the bass}}" will display a bouncing set of emojis above the search results: "🎶 ✋👓🤚 🎶 ✋🕶️🤚 🎶", as a nod to [[Kyle Gordon]]'s hit 2024 song.
* "[[Pluribus (TV series)|Pluribus]]" will show the message "What are you searching for, Carol?" scrolling across the top of the page, written in the style of a{{See it|url=www.google.com/search?q=Pluribus%22&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|hide=https://www.google.com/search?q=Pluribus%22&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8}} message from the show's fictional hive-mind to the protagonist, Carol.
* "{{see it|Pokémon}}" or anything similar will bring up a mini Pokéball at the bottom right of the screen which, when clicked, will allow one to catch all of the 151 original Pokémon.
* "[[Punch (monkey)|Punch Monkey]]" will result in little hearts themed after the viral [[Japanese macaque]] and a button to spawn more of them.
* "{{see it|puppy}}", "puppies", "dog", "dog breeds" or "canine" will result in a button appearing in the panel that, when clicked, will cause any following clicks to bring a dog leg out and place a paw print at the mouse position, with a bark sound played.<ref name="2022dog">{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Kyle |title= Google easter egg celebrates the 2022 Westminster Dog Show | url=https://9to5google.com/2022/06/15/google-dog-show-easter-egg/|website =[[9to5Google]] | date=June 15, 2022| access-date=2022-12-21 |language=en}}</ref>
** A similar result appears if one types "kitten" or "cat"{{See it|term=cat}} (but not "feline" or "kitty") where a near identical button appears, and instead of dog paw prints, and dog arms, it shows cat paw prints with a cat's arm. It also makes a cat meow to match.
* "[[qibla]]{{See it|term=qibla}}" and "[[Eid al-Fitr|eid al fitr]]"(or "eid'l fitr" and "eid al-fitr") will cause the "Goooo...gle" page indicator at the bottom of every result page to show nine cups and a pitcher instead.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=qibla |title=qibla - Google Search |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=[[Google Search]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126184614/https://www.google.com/search?q=qibla |archive-date=2022-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=eid+al+fitr |title=eid al fitr - Google Search |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=[[Google Search]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126185131/https://www.google.com/search?q=eid+al+fitr |archive-date=2022-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=eid%27l+fitr |title=eid'l fitr - Google Search |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=[[Google Search]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126185636/https://www.google.com/search?q=eid%27l+fitr&gws_rd=ssl |archive-date=2022-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=eid+al-fitr |title=eid al-fitr - Google Search |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=[[Google Search]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126185647/https://www.google.com/search?q=eid+al-fitr&gws_rd=ssl |archive-date=2022-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* "{{see it|ramadan}}" during the month of [[Ramadan]] will allow the initiation of a search of an image of a night sky for a crescent moon by clicking an image of a crescent moon in the Knowledge Panel. Upon finding the crescent moon, one is congratulated with the message "You found it! Ramadan Kareem to you and your loved ones!" as lanterns drop into view.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} This also worked during [[Eid al-Fitr]] month, but the message at the end was changed to "You found it! Eid Mubarak to you and your loved ones!"{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
* "{{see it|rabbit rabbit rabbit}}" shows three emojis of rabbits moving up and down at the top of the screen.
* "[[Roblox]]" makes a button with a Noob face appear, clicking it allows one to put stickers related to ''Roblox'' over the screen. {{See it|term=Roblox}}
* {{Anchor|rrr}}"[[RRR (film)|''RRR'']]" ("{{see it|rrr}}") shows an emoji of a horse rider and a person biking emoji, referencing the characters of [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]] and [[Komaram Bheem]] from the 2022 Indian film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Devasheesh |date=2022-08-13 |title=Google introduces RRR animation for SS Rajamouli's period epic, fans surprised with search results |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/trending/news/google-introduces-rrr-animation-ss-rajamouli-jr-ntr-ram-charan-film-rrr-google-search-results-2022-08-13-799729 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>
* "[[Snoopy]]" or "[[Peanuts]]" will show a red button with a doghouse on the bottom right of the screen. Clicking it will show an animation of Snoopy flying behind different backgrounds as The Flying Ace, accompanied by [[Woodstock (Peanuts)|Woodstock]].
* "snowball" shows a snowball icon, clicking it will place a snowball wherever the user hits, similarly to the dog/cat easter egg. Snowflakes will also fall from the top of the screen.{{See it|url=www.google.com/search?q=snowball&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|hide=https://www.google.com/search?q=snowball&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8}}
* "[[Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024|Solar Eclipse 2024]]{{see it|term=Solar Eclipse 2024
}}" makes an eclipse appear (also works with "solar eclipse").
* "[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]{{see it|term=spongebob}}" or "spongebob movie{{see it|term=spongebob movie}}" shows a flower cloud button which, when pressed, allows one to put stickers related to ''SpongeBob'' over the screen; as promotion for ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants]]''.
* "[[Squid Game]]" will have a brown button with a circle, square, and triangle on it which, when clicked, will start an interactive game of green light/red light; this was to celebrate the release of the show's second season in December 2024.
* "Star Wars" and other ''Star Wars'' related search terms on May 4 ([[Star Wars Day]]) summons a splash of confetti, some confetti being characters/items from the ''Star Wars'' series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.piratesandprincesses.net/google-already-has-an-adorable-easter-egg-in-place-when-you-search-may-the-4th/ |title=Google Already Has An Adorable Easter Egg In Place When You Search "May the 4th" |website=Pirates & Princesses |publisher=ELITE CAFEMEDIA LIFESTYLE |first=Kambrea |last=Pratt |date=May 4, 2021 |access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref>
* "[[Stranger Things]]" shows a 20-sided die which, when clicked, rolls to 1, making the screen red and turning everything akin to the Upside Down; this was to promote the show's fifth and final season in late 2025. {{see it|term=stranger things}}
* "[[Stray Kids]]{{see it|term=stray kids}}" and "SKZ{{see it|term=skz}}" will show a spinning compass button which when clicked will unleash silhouette of crowds holding the group's light sticks and randomly showcase eight animal dolls (each one of them representing each Stray Kids member). It also features the message "Stray Kids Everywhere All Around The World," with the members saying the message as well.
* "[[suez canal]]" or "[[ever given]]" would show an emoji of a boat scrolling across the top of the screen, referencing the ending of the [[2021 Suez Canal obstruction|2021 Suez canal obstruction.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Heeti |first=Abrar |title=Google's Suez Canal Easter egg brings boatloads of fun |date=March 30, 2021 |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/googles-suez-canal-easter-egg-brings-boatloads-of-fun/ |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |date=March 30, 2021 |title=Google celebrates the unblocking of the Suez Canal with a small boat parade in search |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2021/3/30/22358091/google-ever-given-suez-canal-boat-parade-search-easter-egg |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>{{See it|url=web.archive.org/web/20210329223247/https://www.google.com/search?q=ever+given|hide=yes}}{{See it|url=web.archive.org/web/20210330032904/https://www.google.com/search?q=suez+canal|hide=yes}}
* "Supa Hot Fire" displays the quote "I'm not a rapper 😏" below the search bar as a reference to the [[Battle rap|rap battle]] between Supa Hot Fire and B-Bone hosted on [[YouTube]], which became an internet meme.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDrE4iIAtC8 |title=THE RAP BATTLE [PARODY] |date=Jun 25, 2013 |last= |first= |type=Video |access-date=December 13, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> {{See it|term=Supa Hot Fire}}
* "[[Super Bowl]]{{see it|term=super bowl}}" will show a green and black firework display in celebration of [[Philadelphia Eagles]]' victory over [[Kansas City Chiefs]]. {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} In February 2021, fireworks celebrated the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]' victory over the Chiefs.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Google Celebrates Tampa Bay Buccaneers' Win Over Kansas City Chiefs, 'Super Bowl 2021' Search Leads Users to Virtual Fireworks|url=https://news.yahoo.com/google-celebrates-tampa-bay-buccaneers-142130106.html|last=Ingle|first=Dhairya|date=2021-02-08|page=|access-date=2022-02-04|work=Yahoo News}}</ref>
* "[[Superman]]{{see it|term=superman}}" or "[[Krypto]]{{see it|term=Krypto}}" shows a pawprint button which, when pressed, will start the dog easter egg; instead of a normal paw, Krypto's paw will appear and the ''Superman'' theme music will play. This is to promote the release of the 2025 [[Superman (2025 film)|''Superman'']] movie.
* "[[Taylor Swift]]{{see it|term=taylor swift}}" or "[[1989 (Taylor's Version)]]{{see it|term=1989 (taylor's version)}}" shows a blue vault that when clicked opens and displays several different characters. The solution to these scrambled characters is ''1989 (Taylor's Version)''. As of September 19, 2023, it will instead open and give the user one out of 89 different letter combinations that each spell out a quote from Taylor Swift. It also shows that there needs to be 33 million puzzles solved globally to reveal an audio message and visuals that reveal the titles of the so-called "Vault Tracks" on the ''1989 (Taylor's Version)'' album.
** To promote her 2025 album ''[[The Life of a Showgirl]]'', searching "taylor swift" would result confettis falling from the Knowledge Graph and a burning heart could be seen scrolling in the middle of the search, with a message reading "And, baby, that's show business for you", a catchphrase used to promote the album.
* "{{see it|text adventure}}" or "easter egg" using most popular modern browsers<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/1/17922628/google-text-adventure-easter-egg-console |title=How to find and play Google.com's secret adventure game |website=theverge.com |first=Jon |last=Porter |date=Oct 1, 2018 |access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref> and opening the [[Web development tools|browser's developer console]] will trigger a [[Text-based game|text-based]] [[adventure game]] playable within the console.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/09/29/recently-discovered-google-easter-egg-is-a-browser-based-text-adventure-game/ |title=Recently discovered Google easter egg is a browser-based text adventure game |website=rockpapershotgun.com |first=Castello |last=Jay |date=September 29, 2018 |access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lifehacker Murphy">{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=David |title=How to Play Google's Text Adventure Easter Egg in Chrome |website=Lifehacker |date=September 20, 2018 |url=https://lifehacker.com/how-to-play-googles-text-adventure-easter-egg-in-chrome-1829225899 |access-date=September 21, 2018}}</ref> Responding "no" to "would you like to play a game" will print "the only winning move is not to play" in the console, referencing ''[[WarGames]]''.{{Citation needed |date=May 2020}}
*"[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]{{see it|term=the nightmare before christmas}}" around October will have various emojis of pumpkins, gifts, scorpions, swords, bombs, and bones glide over the search.{{Citation needed||date=October 2023}}
* "[[the last of us]]{{see it|term=the last of us}}" or "[[cordyceps]]{{see it|term=cordyceps}}" will bring up a red mushroom button; when pressed, cordyceps will appear on the screen; it is possible to press the button several times to multiply the mushrooms. This was made to promote the 2023 [[The Last of Us (TV series)|TV series adaptation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=2023-01-23 |title=Google Search gets 'The Last of Us' easter egg |url=https://9to5google.com/2023/01/22/google-last-of-us-easter-egg/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Between June and July 2025, "[[The Tiny Chef Show]]" (or simply "Tiny Chef") had "💐 It's going to be blokay 💐" scrolling across the screen, in response to the show's viral cancellation.
** From November 26-30, it resulted in a small green circle popping up at the bottom of the screen with a camera. Upon clicking it, it popped up with a photo of Tiny Chef at Google with a note that said "Tiny Chef paid a visit to google!"
* "[[Toni Stone]]{{see it|term=toni stone}}" on February 9, 2022 had a splash of confetti.{{Citation needed||date=May 2022}}
* "Up & Down" moves the page up and down 12 times. {{see it|term=Up & Down}}
* "{{see it|valentine's day}}" will show a H and Cl with a heart next to the H and Cl and when pressed, it will take one to a playable doodle of the Valentine's Day doodle from 2024 of the chemistry cupid game.
* "{{see it|velma}}" will show confetti along with pride and lesbian flags; this was added after [[Velma Dinkley|Velma]] was confirmed to be a [[lesbian]]<ref name="Spangler Spangler 2022">{{cite web | last=Spangler | first=Todd | title=Google Celebrates 'Scooby-Doo's' Velma Coming Out as Lesbian With Gay Pride Easter Egg | website=Variety | date=2022-10-06 | url=https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/google-search-velma-scooby-gay-pride-easter-egg-1235394477/ | access-date=2022-10-06}}</ref> to the point of getting [[Velma (TV series)|her solo series]] in 2023.
* "{{see it|webdriver torso}}" turns the Google logo into moving colored blocks. This is a reference to [[Webdriver Torso|an automated YouTube channel made by Google to test YouTube's performance]]. This does not work on mobile devices or when there is a [[Google Doodle]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/06/this-is-the-truth-behind-webdriver-torso/ |title=Google and the accidental mystery of Webdriver Torso |website=engadget.com|date=July 19, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* {{see it|"wicked"}}, "Elphaba", "Glinda", "Galinda", "Ariana Grande", "Cynthia Erivo", and "Defying Gravity" will show a green witch hat button which, when clicked, will unleash some green smoke and pink bubbles (representing [[Elphaba]] and [[Glinda]]) and makes the search results float up to the top of the screen while the film version of "[[Defying Gravity (song)|Defying Gravity]]" plays in the background; as part of the release of the 2024 [[Wicked (2024 film)|''Wicked'']] movie.
* "{{see it|wordle}}" will turn the Google logo into a round of [[Wordle]] and guess the words COLUMN, GOALIE, and GOOGLE.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carpenter|first=Nicole|date=2022-01-24|title=Google has a cute little Wordle Easter egg|url=https://www.polygon.com/22899863/google-wordle-easter-egg|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Polygon|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{see it|url=www.google.com/search?q=%E2%80%8D&hl=en&tbs=qdr:h|hide=yes}}Whenever a search does not match any results, Google shows a cartoon-ish yeti fisherman trying to catch a fish in somewhere with ice. Clicking on the yeti will play an animation of him catching a random object (e.g., a fish, a can of fish, a boot, and a bent can) in a hole, and then tossing it in a bucket.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mckaye|first1=Jamie|title=Google: The Fishing Easter Egg |url=https://jamiemckaye.com/google-the-fishing-easter-egg/ |website=Jamie Mckaye |date=February 3, 2022 |access-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref> The boot and the bent can will make the yeti sad, and the fish and the can of fish will make him smile. This is only available when one is signed in.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
* Searching any ongoing major tennis tournament (with men's singles and doubles, women's singles and doubles, and mixed doubles) will result in a Pong-like mini-game available by scrolling to the right of the scores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eadicicco |first=Lisa |title=Google's latest Eater egg is a 'Pong'-like tennis game cleverly hidden in search results for Wimbledon |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-search-tennis-game-easter-egg-wimbledon-2019-7 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> This mini-game is also available for past tennis tournaments by searching for the name of the tournament and the year in which the tournament was held.

===Also search for===
A Google web search for:
* "[[Alex Trebek|alex trebek]]"{{See it|term=alex trebek}} shows "Did you mean: ''who is alex trebek''" in reference to ''[[Jeopardy!]]'''s rule of answers being in the form of a question.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Kyle |date=November 18, 2020 |title=Google Search honors Alex Trebek with Jeopardy easter egg |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/11/18/alex-trebek-jeopardy-google-search-easter-egg/ |access-date=November 19, 2020 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* "{{see it|anagram}}" shows "Did you mean: ''nag a ram''".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.ro/2010/07/googles-anagram-easter-egg.html |title=Google's Anagram Easter egg |website=googlesystem.blogspot.ro|date=July 11, 2010 }}</ref>
** "{{see it|define anagram}}" shows "Did you mean: ''nerd fame again''".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/ten-google-easter-eggs-missed-somehow/ |title=Ten Google Easter Eggs You Missed Somehow |date=February 28, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref>
** "anagram" and "define anagram" also work in other languages. For example, a Google ES search for "{{tooltip|2=anagram|{{see it|url=www.google.es/search?q=anagrama&hl=es|anagrama}}}}" shows {{tooltip|2=Did you mean: ''frog range''|Quizás quisiste decir: ''gama rana''}}".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tejerina |first1=Laura |title=Los 10 trucos más divertidos que esconde el buscador de Google |url=https://www.tuexperto.com/2016/04/13/los-10-trucos-mas-divertidos-que-esconde-el-buscador-de-google/ |website=tuexperto.com |language=Spanish |date=April 13, 2016 |trans-title=The 10 funniest tricks that Google's search engine hides}}</ref>
* "{{see it|assistant regional manager}}" shows "Did you mean: ''assistant to the regional manager''", referencing [[The Office (British TV series)|''The Office'']].{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
** "{{see it|world's best boss}}" shows "Did you mean: ''Michael Scott''".{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* "[[Blue Prince|blue prince]]"{{See it|term=blue prince}} shows "Wait, did you say: ''blueprints''", referencing the fact that "blue prince" and "blueprints" sound very similar when said aloud.
** "{{see it|erajan}}" shows "Ulein Ovlor: ''blue prince''". "Ulein ovlor", [[Literal translation|literally]] "you dream towards word", is a rough translation of the phrase "did you mean" into the [[fictional language]] of Erajan used in the video game ''[[Blue Prince]]''.
* "{{see it|bruno madrigal}}" shows "Did you mean: ''we don't talk about bruno''", referencing the titular song from ''[[Encanto]]''.{{Citation needed |date=February 2022}}
* "[[Curt Cignetti|curt cignetti]]" shows "Yup, he won.", referencing his viral quote "I win. Google me." from his first press conference in 2023 and was added after the 2026 CFB National Championship.
* "{{see it|emacs}}" shows "Did you mean: ''vim''", and vice versa when searching "{{see it|vim}}". This is a reference to the [[Vim (text editor)|vim]] vs [[Emacs]] [[editor war]]. Searching for ''vi'' formerly resulted in the same result as "Did you mean: ''emacs''", but was later changed to ''vim''. {{Citation needed |date=March 2023}}
* "[[Madame Morrible|madame morrible]]"{{see it|term=madame morrible}} shows "Flip it around... Did you mean: ''wicked witch''", referencing a catchphrase of [[Michelle Yeoh]] about her role in the [[Wicked (2024 film)|''Wicked'']] [[Wicked: For Good|films]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galante |first=Grace |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Michelle Yeoh's Viral 'Flip It Around' Meme Sparks a Surprising Response From Google |url=https://parade.com/news/michelle-yeoh-viral-flip-it-around-meme-sparks-surprising-response-google |website=Parade}}</ref>
* "{{See it|mia thermopolis}}" shows "Did you mean: ''amelia mignonette thermopolis renaldi princess of genovia''", referencing ''[[The Princess Diaries (film)|The Princess Diaries]]''.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
* "[[Olivia Newton-John|olivia newton john]]" shows "Did you mean: ''the one that i want''", referencing her hit song "[[You're the One That I Want]]" from ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]''.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* "{{see it|recursion}}" shows a "Did you mean: ''[[recursion]]''", linking to the same search over and over again.<ref name="Easter Eggs CBSNews" />
** This also happens with "{{see it|groundhog day}}", referencing the recursion present in [[Groundhog Day (film)|the film of the same name]]. {{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
* "{{see it|snakecase vs camelcase}}" shows "Did you mean: ''snake_case vs camelcase",'' referencing the naming convention that underscores separate words in many programming languages.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* "{{See it|steamed hams}}" shows "Did you mean: ''steamed clams''", referencing ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[22 Short Films About Springfield]]", which became a popular meme.{{Citation needed |date=December 2020}}
* "{{see it|the one ring}}" shows "Did you mean: ''my precioussss''" in reference to [[Gollum]]'s name for it in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
* "[[Tina Turner|tina turner]]"{{See it|term=tina turner}} shows "Did you mean: simply the best", referencing her song "[[The Best (song)|The Best]]".{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* "{{see it|war in ba sing se}}" shows "Did you mean: ''there is no war in Ba Sing Se''", referencing ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'', in which characters try to prevent the rumors of war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gunnell |first=Marshall |date=September 26, 2020 |title=36 Hidden Google Search Games and Easter Eggs |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/690469/36-hidden-google-search-games-and-easter-eggs/ |website=How-To Geek}}</ref>
* "{{see it|wingardium leviosa}}" shows "Did you mean: win gar dium levi ohhh sa", referencing ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', in which a character corrects the pronunciation of a peer.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* "{{see it|wubba lubba dub dub}}" shows "Did you mean: ''i am in great pain please help me''", referencing the [[Adult animation|adult animated]] [[science fiction]] [[sitcom]] ''[[Rick and Morty]]''. When using [[Google Assistant]], it responds with "Are you in pain? How can I help?", "Sorry, I don't speak Birdperson" or "Morty, let's get Schwifty".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.gadgethacks.com/how-to/20-google-home-easter-eggs-fun-commands-0174695/ |title=20 Google Home Easter Eggs & Fun Commands |website=gadgethacks.com |author=Dallas Thomas |date=January 13, 2017 |access-date=August 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/google-home-fun-easter-eggs-to-try/ |title=40 fun Google Home Easter eggs to try |website=cnet.com |publisher=[[CNET]] |author=Taylor Martin |date=March 8, 2017 |access-date=August 7, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

===Knowledge Graph===
{{Further|Knowledge Graph (Google)}}
A Google web search for:
* "all I want for christmas is you"{{See it|term=all I want for christmas is you}} or "mariah carey" will show snowflakes falling from the Knowledge Graph, representing [[Mariah Carey]]'s popularity in the Christmas culture, as well as her Christmas anthem "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]". This was generally used throughout December until Christmas Day.
* "axolotl{{See it|term=axolotl}}" or "[[Lake Xochimilco|lake xochimilco]]" shows a yellow axolotl which when clicked, will show a doodle celebrating Lake Xochimilco.
* "{{see it|bletchley park}}" shows the name of [[Bletchley Park|the attraction]] being decoded in the Knowledge Graph.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/bletchley-park-google-easter-egg-wraps-enigma-site-s-search-results-up-in-code-9940769.html |title=Bletchley Park: Google easter egg wraps Enigma site's search results up in code|date=December 22, 2014 }}</ref>
* "{{see it|bts}}" shows a purple heart with a microphone inside it, which when clicked will make purple balloons fly along with heart-shaped ones. When any of the heart-shaped balloons are clicked, a message from one of the members of [[BTS]] will show up along with that respective member saying "I purple you." and a different colored microphone for each one; sky blue for [[RM (rapper)|RM]], pink for [[Jin (singer)|Jin]], black for [[Suga (rapper)|Suga]], silver for [[J-Hope]], gold for [[Jimin]], green for [[V (singer)|V]], and violet for [[Jungkook]].<ref>{{Cite web |website=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/bts-army-day-google-search-easter-egg-1235311986 |title=BTS ARMY Day: Google Search Easter Egg Unlocks Audio From Band|date=July 8, 2022 }}</ref>
* "bubble tea" shows a cup filled with bubble tea bouncing left to right, which when clicked will show a doodle celebrating bubble tea.{{See it|term=bubble tea}}
* "[[Case Closed|case closed]]" will show an APTX-4869 pill which when clicked, will blur the page until it zooms out into a gray background.
* "{{see it|cat}}" will show a button with a paw print on it. Clicking it will cause cat arms to appear and leave paw prints wherever clicked, with meowing sound effects.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* "[[cherry blossom]]{{see it|term=cherry blossom}}", "sakura tree" or by typing an "[[cherry blossom]] [[emoji]]" will show a pink flower, which when clicked will show petals falling down.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* "[[Clara Rockmore]]" or just "rockmore" shows Clara Rockmore in the knowledge graph, which when clicked will show a doodle celebrating her 105th birthday.{{See it|term=clara rockmore}}
* "[[Doctor Who|doctor who]]{{see it|term=doctor who}}" will show a 3-Dimensional TARDIS spinning in the Knowledge Graph which when clicked, will show a doodle of Doctor Who. Further clicks on the play symbol within the doodle will cause a Dalek to steal the word Google. Then, the Doctor can be clicked on, starting a small game.
* "{{see it|earth day}}" will show a bee flying across Earth, which when clicked will start a doodle that Google made in 2020 to celebrate [[Earth Day]]'s 50th anniversary.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* "{{see it|fresh prince of bel-air}}", in celebration of the 30th anniversary of ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' in 2020, displayed a replica of the "FRESH" license plate in the Knowledge Graph. Clicking on the license plate would cause a taxi to move by the screen, and the search results to acquire a 90s theme with various references and jokes alluding to people and places across the show via audio clips and animations. Clicking the bar at the top of the page/the "freeeeeeeeeeesh" at the bottom would cause one of the characters to scream as they fell down the screen, and then the page would flip back to the original results and design.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2020/09/google-fresh-prince-of-bel-air-easter-egg |title='Fresh Prince of Bel-Air' fans will love the latest Google Easter Egg |date=September 11, 2020 |first=Charles |last=Curtis |website=USA Today |access-date=March 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/09/10/google-search-fresh-prince-easter-egg/ |title=Google Search gains elaborate Fresh Prince of Bel-Air easter egg |date=September 10, 2020 |first=Kyle |last=Bradshaw |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=March 31, 2021}}</ref>
* For the 25th anniversary of ''[[Friends]]'', Google embedded Easter eggs for {{see it|Chandler Bing}}, {{see it|Phoebe Buffay}}, {{see it|Monica Geller}}, {{see it|Ross Geller}}, {{see it|Rachel Green}} and {{see it|Joey Tribbiani}} in their respective Knowledge Graphs.<ref name="friends verge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/20/20875364/google-friends-25-year-anniversary-easter-eggs |title=Google 'Phoebe Buffay' and she'll sing Smelly Cat to celebrate 25 years of Friends |website=The Verge |date=September 20, 2019 |first=Tom |last=Warren |access-date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref name="EW-Sept-19">{{Cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/tv/2019/09/19/google-friends-easter-eggs-25th-anniversary/ |title='Pivot' over to Google to check out some hilarious Friends Easter eggs for 25th anniversary |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=September 19, 2019 |first=Sydney |last=Bucksbaum |access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Mashable-Sept-19">{{Cite web |url=https://mashable.com/article/friends-easter-eggs-google-search/?europe=true |title=Google honors 'Friends' anniversary with 7 Easter eggs across search |website=Mashable |date=September 19, 2019 |first=Alison |last=Foreman |access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> Chandler's Easter egg was temporarily removed, following [[Matthew Perry]]'s death on October 28, 2023, before being restored sometime in mid-November.
* "hip hop" shows a bouncing radio in the Knowledge Graph, which when clicked will show a doodle celebrating the 44th anniversary of [[hip-hop]].{{See it|term=hip hop}}
* "[[holi]]{{see it|term=holi}}" shows a picture of bowls of colored powder in the Knowledge Graph which, when clicked, will simulate throwing a gob of powder at the page where clicked. Further clicks on the page will simulate further gobs of colored powder being thrown to that point. A raindrop icon appears which, when clicked, will cause the page to be washed clean of colored powder.<ref>[https://www.cnet.com/culture/google-lets-you-join-holi-fun-with-colorful-search-easter-egg/ Google lets nou join Holi fun with colorful easter egg]. ''[[CNET]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-holi-easter-egg-1091084/ |title=Google easter egg lets you cover search results in color for Holi festival |date=March 9, 2020 |first=Hadlee |last=Simons |website=Android Authority |access-date=March 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/03/09/google-holi-easter-egg/ |title=Google's Holi easter egg lets you throw color at Search results |date=March 9, 2020 |first=Abner |last=Li |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=March 30, 2021}}</ref> Also note that Goo...gle in the end of the page will show bowls of colored powder instead of letter o's.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
* Searching various instruments, such as "Drums", "Saxophone", and "Triangle" will show their respective sounds in the Knowledge Graph.
* "{{see it|juneteenth}}" will show a button, clicking on it will display an animation at the bottom and also rain red, black and green confetti.{{Citation needed||date=August 2022}}
* "[[Jerry Lawson (engineer)|jerry lawson]]" will show an 8-bit sprite of Jerry walking forwards, which when clicked will start a doodle that Google made in 2022 to celebrate Jerry's 82nd birthday, which the 8-bit sprite was from, but not used.
* "[[Johann Sebastian Bach]]" {{see it|term=Johann Sebastian Bach}} shows a 3D animation of a man on a piano which when clicked will start a doodle celebrating Bach's 334th birthday.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-johann-sebastian-bach/ | title=Celebrating Johann Sebastian Bach Doodle - Google Doodles }}</ref>
* "[[Katamari]]{{see it|term=katamari}}", "[[We Love Katamari]]{{see it|term=we love katamari}}", or "[[Katamari Damacy]]{{see it|term=katamari damacy}}" makes a ball next to the word "Katamari" appear in the Knowledge Graph. When clicked, one can play ''Katamari'' with the page elements.
* "loteria" shows two cards one with a heart & the other with the Google G, which when clicked will show a doodle about [[lotería]].{{See it|term=loteria}}
* "[[legally blonde]]"{{see it|term=legally blonde}} shows a pink purse next to the Knowledge Graph, which when clicked, has Elle Woods' pet chihuahua Bruiser jump out of the purse and walk to a pink salon chair which dresses him in his "signature sweater". He then walks back and jumps into the purse, with Elle, played by [[Reese Witherspoon]], saying, "Hi, I'm Elle Woods, and this is Bruiser Woods, and we're both Gemini vegetarians." Once the animation is complete, the color of the links on the page change from their usual blue to pink to match Elle's "signature look".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/07/07/legally-blonde-google-easter-egg/ |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Google Search gains 'Legally Blonde' Easter egg, turning the page pink |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=July 7, 2021 |access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref>
* "{{see it|mars 2020}}", "perseverance rover", or "ingenuity" will show the [[Ingenuity (helicopter)|Ingenuity]] helicopter that when clicked, flies around the screen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Daniel |title=Google's Mars Perseverance celebration is delightfully extra |url=https://www.creativebloq.com/news/google-mars-fireworks |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=Creative Bloq |date=February 19, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* "{{see it|newton}}" or "{{see it|Isaac Newton}}" will show a button with an apple tree. When clicked, an apple will fall from the top of the screen.{{Citation needed||date=April 2023}}
* "[[New Year's Eve|new year's eve]]" or <nowiki>''new year's day''</nowiki> shows a cannon next to the Knowledge Graph which when clicked, makes confetti explode.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2020 |title=Confetti Surprise! Google Celebrates The Last Day Of 2020 With An Adorable Animated Doodle |url=https://www.india.com/viral/new-years-eve-google-doodle-confetti-surprise-google-celebrates-the-last-day-of-2020-with-an-adorable-animated-doodle-4300025/ |website=India.com}}</ref>
* "panipuri{{See it|term=panipuri}}" will show three types of panipuris in the Knowledge Graph, which when clicked will show a doodle celebrating [[panipuri]].
* "petanque" shows a pear holding a ball, which, when clicked, will show a doodle celebrating [[Pétanque]].{{See it|term=petanque}}
* "{{see it|pluto}} planet" describes [[Pluto]] as "Our favorite dwarf planet since 2006" in the Knowledge Graph.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=((Google)) |number=852600619290447872 |date=April 13, 2017 |title=Throwback to Pluto being one of the solar system's head honchos. #GoogleEasterEggs hint: still special in our book. http://goo.gl/LB0gax}}</ref>
* "popcorn" shows an image of [[popcorn]], which when clicked leads to a doodle celebrating popcorn.{{See it|https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwzCgqMzVgdGDwYi_IL0jOL8oDAEVrBog&q=popcorn&oq=popcorn&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDwgBEC4YQxixAxiABBiKBTIHCAAQABiPAjIPCAEQLhhDGLEDGIAEGIoFMhIIAhAAGEMYgwEYsQMYgAQYigUyEggDEAAYQxiDARixAxiABBiKBTIMCAQQABhDGIAEGIoFMgwIBRAAGEMYgAQYigUyDAgGEAAYQxiABBiKBTIPCAcQABhDGLEDGIAEGIoFMhIICBAAGEMYgwEYsQMYgAQYigUyDAgJEAAYQxiABBiKBdIBCDE4OTJqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8}}
* "pride" (LGBTQ culture) will show a rainbow colored heart which when pressed will show a [[pride parade]] animation. Clicking a button which appears as a flag icon will show different [[pride flag]]s; as of February 2025 this features the [[Rainbow flag (LGBTQ)|Rainbow flag]], [[transgender flag]], [[Lesbian flags|lesbian flag]], [[pansexual flag]], [[bisexual flag]], [[asexual flag]], [[aromantic flag]], [[intersex flag]], [[non-binary flag]], [[agender]] flag, [[genderqueer]] flag, [[polysexual]] flag, [[Demisexuality|demisexual]] flag, and [[Gender fluidity|genderfluid]] flag in a random order.
* "scoville" shows three red peppers with faces on them, which when clicked will show a doodle celebrating [[Wilbur Scoville]]'s 151st birthday.{{See it|term=scoville}}
* "severance" shows a cluster of blue balloons floating on the screen once a button is clicked, as a visual nod to a scene in the [[Apple TV (streaming service)|Apple TV+]] series [[Severance (TV series)|''Severance'']].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Espósito |first=Filipe |date=2025-03-17 |title=Google adds Severance easter egg ahead of season two finale |url=https://9to5mac.com/2025/03/17/google-severance-easter-egg/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318023352/https://9to5mac.com/2025/03/17/google-severance-easter-egg/ |archive-date=2025-03-18 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=9to5Mac |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=Google Celebrates Severance With a Mysterious and Important Easter Egg |url=https://tech.yahoo.com/general/articles/google-celebrates-severance-mysterious-important-174406848.html?guccounter=1 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Yahoo Tech |language=en-US}}{{See it|severance}}</ref>{{See it|term=severance}}
* "{{see it|sonic the hedgehog game}}", "[[Green Hill Zone|green hill zone]]" and <nowiki>''sonic''</nowiki> shows [[Sonic the Hedgehog (character)|Sonic the Hedgehog]], in his original 16-bit appearance, waiting. Clicking or tapping Sonic will make him spin; if clicked or tapped 25 times, he transforms into Super Sonic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/sonic-hedgehog-google-search-easter-egg-super-sonic-explained/ |title=Sonic The Hedgehog Google Search Easter Egg: How To Find & Unlock Super Sonic |website=Screenrant |first=John |last=Finn |date=May 21, 2020 |access-date=October 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunn |first1=Jeff |title=21 Easter eggs hidden within your Google search bar |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/21-easter-eggs-hidden-within-your-google-search-bar-a7505821.html |website=The Independent |date=January 2, 2017 |access-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2017 |title=Todos los secretos o Easter Eggs de Google |url=https://www.bateriailimitada.com/easter-eggs-google/ |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=Batería Ilimitada |language=es}}</ref>
* "[[Splatoon (video game)|Splatoon]]", "[[Splatoon 2]]", or "[[Splatoon 3]]" will display colorful splat blobs in the Knowledge Graph. Clicking on it allows one to splat blobs of ink on the screen in the colors of the Google logo. Some splats have eyes in them, or shaped like squids and octopuses.<ref name="Life 2022">{{cite web | title=Random: Google's Splatoon Easter Egg Lets You Ink Your Search Results | website=Nintendo Life | date=2022-10-06 | url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2022/10/random-googles-splatoon-easter-egg-lets-you-ink-your-search-results | access-date=2022-10-06}}</ref>
* "{{see it|super mario brothers}}", "mario" or "super mario" shows a Knowledge Graph for ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' that contains a flashing "?" block which generates a coin and 200 points when clicked. After 100 coins are collected, the "1UP" sound plays.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-super-mario-bros-to-get-access-to-surprise-coin-collecting-easter-egg-10499610.html |title=Google 'Super Mario Bros' to get access to surprise, coin-collecting Easter Egg|date=September 14, 2015 }}</ref> This was also added when searching for ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]'' near the film's theatrical release in 2023. {{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
* "{{see it|westminster dog show}}" or "puppy", in celebration of the 2022 [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show]] which took place over a five-day period from June 18 to June 22, will show a purple button with the silhouette of a paw print at the top of the search results. An animation of a dog's paw pressing the button will play as the page goes idle. Clicking on the button will cause the button to disappear, and a dog will bark as it presses down on the page and leaves a paw print in its place. Clicking anywhere else on the page will cause more dogs to bark as they leave their paw prints on the results page. Clicking on the "X" at the bottom will cause a water animation/effect to play with the sounds of a sink as the paw print(s) are washed off of the search results.<ref name="2022dog" />
** Searching "[[Best in Show (film)|Best in Show]]", a film about a similar dog show, activates this Easter egg as well.
* Searching any of the 12 zodiacs shows a button of their respective constellations. When clicked on, a related animation plays across the page.

=== Embedded tools ===
A Google web search for:{{Further|Google Search#Special interactive features}}
* "{{See it|breathing exercise}}" will have a 60-second breathing exercise.<ref name="alphr" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reisinger |first1=Don |title=5 Awesome Doodle Games for Google's 19th Anniversary |url=http://fortune.com/2017/09/27/google-doodle-best-games/ |website=Fortune |access-date=February 28, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* "{{See it|bubble level}}" on a [[mobile device]] will have an interactive [[spirit level]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Barry |title=Google Provides An Interactive Bubble Level In Their Search Results |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-provides-an-interactive-bubble-level-in-their-search-results-238730 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=December 16, 2017 |date=December 16, 2015}}</ref> However, this is not supported on other devices.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*"{{see it|christmas}}" will cause a wrapped present to fall from the top of the screen into the webpage embedded. Clicking on this will take the user to [[Google Santa Tracker]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* "{{see it|color picker}}" will provide a [[color picker]] and a [[Web colors#Converting RGB to hexadecimal|conversion between RGB and hexadecimal]] color values. Selecting "Show color values" will also show conversions to the [[CMYK]], [[HSL and HSV]] color models.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yu |first1=Justin |title=How to use Google search to convert RGB and hex color values |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-use-google-search-to-convert-rgb-and-hex-color-values/ |website=CNET |access-date=February 28, 2018 |language=en |date=October 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amy |first1=Gesenhues |title=Google puts RGB-Hex color converter in search results for "RGB to Hex" queries |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-puts-rgb-hex-color-converter-search-results-rgb-hex-queries-260832 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=February 28, 2018 |date=October 10, 2016}}</ref>
* "{{See it|earth day quiz}}" will pull up an Earth Day quiz to see what animal one is.{{Citation needed||date=August 2022}}
* "{{See it|emoji kitchen}}" will bring up an interactive tool by which a user can combine two different emojis together and copy the result as an image to their device's clipboard.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Joy |first1=Anu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527055541/https://www.androidpolice.com/emoji-kitchen-guide/ |archive-date=May 27, 2025 |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/emoji-kitchen-guide/ |title=Emoji kitchen: What it is and how to use it |website=Android Police |date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=July 14, 2025}}</ref>
* "{{See it|flip a coin}}" will flip a coin: heads or tails.<ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08">{{Cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829044207/http://www.businessinsider.com/google-search-easter-eggs-2016-8/ |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-search-easter-eggs-2016-8/ |title=19 Easter eggs hidden within your Google search bar |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* "{{See it|fun facts}}" or "i'm feeling curious" will show a fun fact. Once a search result has been given, clicking on "Ask another question" will show another question. It will show a short fact in about 1-3 sentences and a link to the website where the fact was found within a featured box at the top of the search results.<ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imfeelingcuriousblog.com/ |title=I'm Feeling Curious Google Trick: Fun Facts, Boredom Buster & More |website=I'm Feeling Curious Tech |language=en-US |access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref>
* "{{See it|google doodles}}" will result in showing a random playable Google Doodle and also show an archive of other playable Doodles.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
* "{{see it|google logo history}}" results in a slideshow of the changes to the [[Google logo]], starting with the logo used today and ending with one of the first logos from 1998.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Rehan |title=Google Unveils New Logo |url=https://www.techjuice.pk/google-unveils-new-logo/ |website=TechJuice |access-date=February 5, 2019 |date=September 1, 2015}}</ref>
* "{{see it|google tuner}}" will provide an [[electronic tuner|instrument tuner]] that, via an authorised microphone, will listen to one playing an instrument and with a {{abbr|GUI|Graphical User Interface}}, will show how to bring the instrument in tune.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mashable.com/article/google-tuner |title=Google Search now has a guitar tuner |first=Stan |last=Schroeder |date=October 11, 2021 |website=Mashable |access-date=November 12, 2021}}</ref>
* "memory game" will pull up a memory game that one can play to test your memory.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* "{{see it|metronome}}" will have a [[metronome]] that can be adjusted from 40 to 218{{failed verification|date=September 2021}} [[Tempo|{{abbr|BPM|Beats per Minute}}]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gesenhues |first1=Amy |title=Google metronome in search helps musicians keep a beat |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-helps-musicians-keep-beat-metronome-tool-directly-search-244903 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=December 16, 2017 |date=March 15, 2016}}</ref>
* "{{see it|minesweeper}}" will result in a "Minesweeper" card. By selecting {{button|Play}}, one can play [[Minesweeper (video game)|Minesweeper]], with 3 difficulties, being Easy (10 by 8 grid with 10 mines), Medium (18 by 14 grid with 40 mines), and Hard (24 by 20 grid with 99 mines).{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* "{{see it|pac-man}}", "google pacman", or "play pacman" will show the ''[[Pac-Man]]'' [[Pac-Man Google Doodle|related interactive Google Doodle from 2010]].<ref name="gd" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Summerson |first1=Cameron |title=Google's Best Hidden Games and "Easter Eggs" |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/260726/googles-best-hidden-games-and-easter-eggs/ |website=How-To Geek |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=November 15, 2017}}</ref> Clicking {{button|Insert Coin}} twice will enable a second player, [[Ms. Pac-Man]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/30th-anniversary-of-pac-man/ |title=30th Anniversary of PAC-MAN |website=google.com |first=Marcin |last=Wichary |date=May 21, 2010 |access-date=December 17, 2018}}</ref>
* "{{see it|periodic table}}" will have an interactive 3d element from the [[periodic table]], clicking the "explore elements" button will navigate to [https://artsexperiments.withgoogle.com/periodic-table/ artsexperiments.withgoogle.com]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peters|first1=Jay|title=Google is adding an interactive periodic table to search |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/11/22619179/google-interactive-periodic-table-search-family-bell |website=The Verge |access-date=January 17, 2022 |date=August 11, 2021}}</ref>
* "{{see it|play dreidel}}" or "dreidel" will spin a [[dreidel]], landing on one of four letters of the [[Hebrew alphabet]]: {{Script/Hebrew|נ}} ([[Nun (letter)|Nun]]), {{Script/Hebrew|ג}} ([[Gimel (letter)|Gimel]]), {{Script/Hebrew|ה}} ([[He (letter)|He]]) or {{Script/Hebrew|ש}} ([[Shin (letter)|Shin]]).<ref name="SEO dreidel">{{cite web |last1=Gesenhues |first1=Amy |title=Google "Play Dreidel" Search Returns Digital Version Of Hanukkah Spinning Toy |url=http://searchengineland.com/google-play-dreidel-search-returns-digital-version-of-hanukkah-spinning-toy-238069 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=March 22, 2017 |date=December 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fun Google Easter Eggs {{!}} Do a Barrel Roll {{!}} Where is Chuck Norris |url=https://listcaboodle.com/do-a-barrel-roll-and-16-amazing-google-easter-eggs/ |website=listcaboodle.com |access-date=October 20, 2018 |date=October 12, 2017}}</ref>
* "[[random number generator]]{{see it|term=random number generator}}" or "rng" will generate a random number. The starting range is between 1 and 10, but the maximum and minimum can be adjusted. Changing the maximum or minimum to a number with more than 10 digits will generate a [[List of emoticons#Western|dizzy face emoji]] (😵).<ref name="gd" /> Changing both the maximum and the minimum to 100 will generate a [[wikt:💯|hundred points symbol]] (💯).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Farmer |first1=Neko T. |title=Google Keeps It 100 {{!}} Google.com Easter Eggs - Eggabase |url=http://eggabase.com/websites/google/google-random-number-generator/ |website=Eggabase |access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref>
* "{{See it|roll a die}}" will roll a six-sided [[dice|die]],<ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08" /><ref name="feedsyouneed" /> and since {{circa}} August 2019, four, eight, ten, twelve or twenty-sided dice individually or as multiples in user selected combinations, all with an optional modifier to either add or subtract from the roll total.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Southern |first=Matt |date=August 16, 2019 |title=New Google Easter Eggs: Multi-Sided Dice |url=https://www.searchenginejournal.com/new-google-easter-eggs-multi-sided-dice/321571/#close |website=Search Engine Journal}}</ref>
* "{{see it|snake}}", "play snake", "snake game" and "snake video game" will result in a "Play Snake" card. By selecting {{button|Click to Play}}, one can play [[snake video game|the game]] on both desktop and mobile. By clicking the cog next to the play button, they can customize the game and even change the game mode. This is regularly updated with new features.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gesenhues |first1=Amy |title=Google's latest Easter Egg is a video game that shows up with searches for 'snake' & 'play snake' |url=https://searchengineland.com/googles-latest-easter-egg-video-game-shows-searches-snake-play-snake-283424 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=November 1, 2017 |date=September 27, 2017}}</ref>
* "{{see it|solitaire}}" will have a playable game of solitaire. Users can select between two modes: easy and hard.<ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08" /><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* "{{see it|spinner}}" will have an interactive spinning wheel and a [[fidget spinner]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://thenextweb.com/google/2017/06/20/google-virtual-fidget-spinner-search/#.tnw_Dt95NbAM |title=Google has hidden a virtual fidget spinner simulation in search |last=Mix |date=June 20, 2017 |work=The Next Web |access-date=June 27, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> which can be toggled via the switch. For the spinning wheel, a [[dropdown menu]] can change the number of numbers on the wheel, from 2 to 20.<ref name="SEO spinner">{{cite web |last1=Gesenhues |first1=Amy |title=Google "spinner" Easter Egg returns interactive spinning wheel at top of results |url=http://searchengineland.com/google-spinner-easter-egg-returns-interactive-spinning-wheel-top-results-268175 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=March 21, 2017 |date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> Whereas for the fidget spinner, users have to mimic a rotating motion<ref name=":2" /> in order for the spinner to spin.
* "{{see it|stopwatch}}" and "{{see it|timer}}" will provide interactive timing methods; the stopwatch counting up and the timer counting down. Both tools are shown for each search term. Variants such as "set a timer for 10 minutes" can be used.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Barry |title=Google's New Stopwatch & Timer Search Feature |url=https://searchengineland.com/googles-new-stopwatch-timer-search-feature-235728 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=January 12, 2018 |date=November 11, 2015}}</ref>
* "{{see it|tic tac toe}}" or "terni lapilli" will show a playable game of [[tic-tac-toe]]. Users can select to play against the browser at different levels – "easy", "medium" or "hard" (called "impossible") – or against a friend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2020 |title=The Complete Google Easter Eggs List That Will Make You Go Wow |url=https://cognitiveseo.com/blog/13616/google-easter-eggs/ |website=CognitiveSEO}}</ref><ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-solitaire-tic-tac-toe |title=You can now play Solitaire and Tic-Tac-Toe in Google search |last=Woollaston |first=Victoria |newspaper=WIRED UK |language=en-GB |access-date=December 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed" />
* "{{see it|tip calculator}}" will show a tip calculator that can help users to tip someone.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* "{{see it|translate}}" will show an embedded version of [[Google Translate]] tool in the search results, and in advance of [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] 2020, a turkey language was added to the selection of languages to which translations could be made. An example translation provided by sources for "how's it going" results in "gobble gobble gobble gobble". All results are "Poultry Verified".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-thanksgiving-easter-egg-translate-gobble-30464.html |title=Google Search Thanksgiving Easter Egg - Translate Gobble |first=Barry |last=Schwartz |website=Search Engine Roundtable |date=November 19, 2020 |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/11/19/google-translate-thanksgiving-turkey-easter-egg/ |title=Google Translate talks turkey with new Thanksgiving easter egg |first=Kyle |last=Bradshaw |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=November 19, 2020 |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/google-has-a-special-turkey-easter-egg-for-thanksgiving-71605930598978.html |title=Google has a special 'turkey' Easter egg for Thanksgiving |website=Hindustan Times |date=November 21, 2020 |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref>
* "{{see it|what sound does a dog make}}" will sound out what a dog will make. The word "dog" can be replaced with other animals in the search query.<ref name="Business Insider Easter eggs 2016-08" />

==== Google birthday surprise spinner ====
Searching for "{{see it|google birthday surprise spinner}}" will result in a wheel that spins to one of a selection of playable Google Doodles, tools ([[#Embedded tools|see above]]) and games. Whichever is randomly selected may be opened, or the wheel may be spun again. It was added in celebration of Google's 19th birthday.<ref name=alphr>{{cite web |last1=Woollaston |first1=Victoria |title=Google birthday surprise spinner: The full list of 19 Doodle games (including Snake) |url=http://www.alphr.com/games/1007158/google-birthday-surprise-spinner |website=Alphr |access-date=November 4, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Calculator ====
In late 2011, Google added a [[Graphical user interface|graphical]] calculator to search results,<ref>{{Cite web |website=Searchengineland |url=http://searchengineland.com/google-adds-graphical-math-calculator-to-search-results-103631 |title=Google Adds Graphical Math Calculator To Search Results|date=December 5, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |website=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/news/go-figure-google-adds-calculator-to-search-results/ |title=Go figure: Google adds calculator to search results}}</ref> using [[natural language processing]] to determine that search results might be [[mathematic]]al in nature.<ref>{{Cite web |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/27/google-biggest-algorithm-change-hummingbird |title=Google introduces the biggest algorithm change in three years|date=September 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |website=Research at Google |url=http://research.google.com/pubs/NaturalLanguageProcessing.html |title=Natural Language Processing}}</ref> Woven into this feature are several, not entirely academic, results which might be considered Easter eggs.<ref name="The Boundless Web">{{cite web |title=Google Tricks #25 Tricks which google can Do for you and you never knew |url=https://www.theboundlessweb.com/technology/google-tricks-you-never-knew-best-new-google-tricks/ |website=The Boundless Web |access-date=October 8, 2016 |date=September 29, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009165254/https://www.theboundlessweb.com/technology/google-tricks-you-never-knew-best-new-google-tricks/ |archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref>

A Google web search for:
* "{{see it|baker's dozen}}" shows the additional result "1 [[baker's dozen]] = 13".<ref name="berrytech2013" />
* "{{see it|once in a blue moon}}" will give the additional result of "[[Blue moon|once in a blue moon]] = 1.16699016 × 10−8 hertz".<ref name="Easter Eggs Telegraph">{{cite news |last=Moore |first=Matthew |title=Google easter eggs: 15 best hidden jokes |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/6201814/Google-easter-eggs-15-best-hidden-jokes.html |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |access-date=November 7, 2011 |location=London |date=September 17, 2009}}</ref>
* "the answer to <nowiki>[the ultimate question of]</nowiki> life the universe and everything{{see it|term=the answer to life the universe and everything}}" provides the answer "42" as a result in reference to the [[Douglas Adams]] novel series, "[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]".<ref name="Easter Eggs CBSNews" /><ref name="feedsyouneed" /> It is believed to be the first Google Easter egg,<ref name="hidden meaning"/> predating the calculator in which it is now revealed.
* "the number of horns on a [[unicorn]]{{see it|term=the number of horns on a unicorn}}" shows the number "1" on the calculator.<ref name="Easter Eggs Telegraph" />
* "{{see it|what is the loneliest number}}" shows the number "1" in the calculator.<ref name="NBC Bay Area 2010">{{cite web |title=Google Easter Eggs: 10 Different Services, Lots of Secret Jokes |website=[[NBC News|NBC]] Bay Area |date=November 24, 2010 |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/tech/Google-Easter-Eggs-10-Different-Services-Lots-of-Secret-Jokes-110450369.html |access-date=January 7, 2016}}</ref>
* The result of multiple Easter eggs may be calculated; for example: "{{see it|the number of horns on a unicorn plus the answer to life the universe and everything}}" will return "43".<ref name="berrytech2013">{{Cite web |url=http://berrytech2013.weebly.com/20-random-fun--time-wasting-google-easter-eggs.html |website=berrytech2013.weebly.com |publisher=BerryTech |title=20 Random, Fun & Time-wasting Google Easter Eggs. |access-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref>
* Ahead of [[Pi Day]] 2021, Google added an Easter egg game to the calculator tool which tested players' knowledge and memory of [[Pi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 13, 2021 |title=Open the Google Search calculator for a Pi Day easter egg |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/03/13/google-pi-day-calculator/ |access-date=March 13, 2021 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Google Maps and Google Earth ==
{{Further|Google Maps|Google Earth}}
* Visiting "[[Salford Lads' Club]]" with 3D buildings activated will show [[Morrissey]] of [[The Smiths]] at the entrance. The club was featured in the cover art of the Smiths' album ''[[The Queen Is Dead]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/1/2/2676013/morrissey-easter-egg-google-earth |title=Morrissey easter egg found in Google Earth |website=theverge.com |author=JamieKeene |date=January 2, 2012 |access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref>
* A 3D buildings Easter egg involves a scene involving a bridge jump from [[The Blues Brothers (film)|''The Blues Brothers'']], which is recreated in Google Earth at the [[Tacony–Palmyra Bridge]] linking [[New Jersey]] and [[Philadelphia]].<ref name="Easter Eggs Telegraph" />

=== Directions ===
* In early test versions of [[Google Maps]], searching for a route between locations separated by expanses of water (for example, [[Paris]] and New York City) provided road directions to the coast of the embarkation country (in this case, the west coast of France) before suggesting "Swim the [[Atlantic Ocean]] (3,500 miles)" or another ocean for a different distance.<ref name="Easter Eggs Telegraph" />
* While Google Maps' ''walking directions'' were in [[Software release life cycle#Beta|beta]], requesting them from the start point of "[[Shire (Middle-earth)|The Shire]]" or "[[Rivendell]]" to the destination of "[[Mordor]]", the directions returned the warning: "Use caution – [[One does not simply walk into Mordor]]."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/12/22/google-maps-mordor-shire-hobbit-easter-egg-lord-of-the-rings_n_1164795.html |date=December 22, 2011 |title=Google Maps: 'Use Caution –One Does Not Simply Walk Into Mordor' |author=Felicity Morse |website=Huffington Post UK |access-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref>
* When navigating from [[Snowdon]] to the [[Brecon Beacons]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Snowdon to Brecon Beacons |querystring=search/Snowdon+to+Brecon+Beacons/@52.4736586,-4.2655251,9z}}, one could choose to travel by [[Welsh Dragon|dragon]], which took 21 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/travelling-snowdon-brecon-beacons-google-7220786 |website=walesonline.co.uk |publisher=Wales Online |title=Travelling from Snowdon to the Brecon Beacons? Google says DRAGON is the fastest way to go |date=June 5, 2014 |author=Alicia Melville-Smith |access-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref>
* When navigating from [[Urquhart Castle]] to [[Fort Augustus]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Urquhart Castle to Fort Augustus |querystring=dir/?api=1&origin=Urquhart+Castle&destination=Fort+Augustus&travelmode=transit}}, one could choose to travel by the [[Loch Ness Monster]], which took 25 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2014/06/03/google-maps-easter-eggs-revealed-hitch-a-ride-on-the-loch-ness-monster-or-a-dragon-in-wales-4748710/ |title=Google Maps Easter Eggs revealed: Hitch a ride on the Loch Ness monster |last=Metro.co.uk |first=Amy Willis for |date=June 3, 2014 |website=Metro |access-date=August 1, 2017}}</ref>
* When navigating from [[Magdalene College]] to [[Queens' College, Cambridge#Cloister Court|President's Lodge Queens College]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Magdalene College to President's Lodge Queens College |querystring=dir/?api=1&origin=Magdalene+College&destination=Queens'+College,+University+of+Cambridge&travelmode{{=}}transit}}, one could choose to be punted, which took 45 minutes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/patricksmith/google-maps-now-gives-you-information-for-travelling-by-drag |title=There's A Google Maps Easter Egg That Tells You To Travel By Dragon |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=August 1, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
* Searching for public transportation from [[Windsor Castle]] to [[Buckingham Palace]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Windsor Castle to Buckingham Palace |querystring=dir/?api=1&origin=Windsor+Castle,+Windsor&destination=Buckingham+Palace&travelmode=transit}} would offer the [[Diamond Jubilee State Coach|Royal Carriage]] option.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Barry |title=Another New Easter Egg In Google Maps: Travel By Royal Carriage |url=http://searchengineland.com/another-new-easter-egg-google-maps-travel-royal-carriage-193696 |website=Search Engine Land |date=June 11, 2014 |access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref>

=== Fictional places ===
* [[New York City]] in 1926 as seen in the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' spin-off film ''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)|Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]'' can be visited. Fans can visit MACUSA (Magical Congress of the USA); {{see it |site=maps |Steen National Bank; the underground speakeasy The Blind Pig; and the magical apartment of Tina and Queenie Goldstein, two of the film's key characters. |querystring=search/fantastic+beasts+in+new+york/@40.7284013,-74.0164877,6936m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1}}<ref name="blog.google">{{Cite web |website=blog.google |url=https://blog.google/topics/entertainment/ok-google-cast-your-spell/ |title=Cast a spell with Google and Warner Bros. Pictures|date=November 2016 }}</ref>
* In Street View, on Earls Court Rd, [[London]], [[United Kingdom]], a [[TARDIS]] from the science fiction series ''[[Doctor Who]]'' is on display. Street View allows one to enter the {{see it |url=maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=51.492132,-0.192862&spn=0.007288,0.011641&sll=51.492637,-0.193680&layer=c&cid=12502927659667388442&panoid=LYc4W_m-BJQAAAQIt-IsCQ&cbp=13,121.57,,0,0&gl=US&t=m&z=17&cbll=51.492146,-0.192985|TARDIS}} where it is "Bigger on the Inside" and explore the set actually used in the show.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/google_puts_tardis_on_street_view/ |title=Google puts Dr Who's Tardis onto Street View – and you can get INSIDE |work=The Register |first=Jasper |last=Hamill |date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name="verge tardis">{{cite web |last1=Warren |first1=Tom |title=Google Maps Easter egg transports you inside the Doctor's TARDIS |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/14/4620352/google-maps-street-view-tardis-doctor-who-easter-egg |website=The Verge |access-date=March 19, 2017 |date=August 14, 2013}}</ref>
* In celebration of the release of ''[[Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice]]'', users could explore [[Wayne Manor|Bruce Wayne's residence]] and the [[Batcave]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/batman-bruce-wayne-house-google-maps-2016-3 |title=You can explore the Dark Knight's Batcave from 'Batman v Superman' on Google Maps |last=Renfro |first=Kim |date=March 25, 2016 |website=business insider}}</ref>
* Searching for "[[R'lyeh]]" would take users to the coordinates of the sunken city. It was listed as a "Place of worship".<ref>{{Cite web |website=geeknative.com |url=http://www.geeknative.com/21619/rlyeh-removed-from-google-maps-some-geek-alternatives/ |title=R'lyeh removed from Google Maps; some geek alternatives|date=June 26, 2011 }}</ref>

=== Video games ===
* For [[April Fools' Day]] 2015, in certain areas in Google Maps, there was a button which started a game of [[Pac-Man]], controlled by arrow keys and using the roads as paths for [[Pac-Man (character)|Pac-Man]] to travel along.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencealert.com/you-can-play-pac-man-in-google-maps-right-now |title=You can play Pac-Man in Google Maps right now |author=Fiona MacDonald |work=ScienceAlert|date=April 2015 }}</ref>
** A similar feature was brought back for April Fools' Day 2017, allowing users to play a version of ''[[Ms. Pac-Man]]'' upon clicking the icon on the Google Maps webpage or mobile app.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/31/15136848/google-maps-april-fools-ms-pac-man-easter-egg |title=Google Maps morphs into Ms. Pac-Man for April Fools' Day |date=March 31, 2017 |website=The Verge |access-date=April 1, 2017}}</ref>
* On Mario Day (March 10<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/fun/mario-day |website=timeanddate.com |title=Fun Holiday – Mario Day |access-date=November 3, 2018}}</ref>) 2018, Google and Nintendo had partnered up to bring Mario into Google Maps mobile app worldwide for a week. A yellow icon with a question mark would show up at the bottom of the directions page, next to the start navigation button. Tapping on the icon would allow one to have Mario and his kart as the navigation arrow. Tapping the icon 100 times would activate a 1-UP sound like in Nintendo's games.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/9/17099556/mario-google-maps-mario-day |title=Mario invades Google Maps to help you avoid bananas while driving |work=The Verge |access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>

=== Extraterrestrial ===
* With the release of Google Earth 5, the [[Mars]] feature allowed users to speak to a primitive [[ELIZA]] clone on the planet, by searching for "Meliza".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2009/02/chat-with-martian-in-google-earth-5.html |work=Google system |title=Chat With a Martian in Google Earth 5 |date=February 3, 2009 |access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref>
* On July 20, 2005, the 36th anniversary of [[Apollo 11|the first human landing on the Moon]], Google debuted a version of Google Maps that included a small segment of the surface of the [[Moon]]. It is based entirely on [[NASA]] images and includes only a very limited region. Panning causes the map to tile. Zooming to the closest level used to show that the Moon was made of cheese.<ref name="lester haines">{{cite web |last=Haines |first=Lester |location=[[United Kingdom]] |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/20/google_moon/ |title=Google finds sense of humor on surface of Moon |work=The Register |date=July 20, 2005 |access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> The map also gives the locations of all [[Moon landings]], and the [[Google Moon]] FAQ humorously mentions a connection to the [[Google Copernicus Center|Google Copernicus hoax]], which Google claimed to be developing. Supposedly, by 2069, [[Google Local]] will support all lunar businesses and addresses.<ref name="lester haines" />

=== Pegman ===
{{Further|Google Street View#Pegman}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Trigger location or occasion !! Pegman's appearance !! Reference
|-
| Dragged onto [[Legoland California Resort|Legoland]] in [[Carlsbad, California|Carlsbad]]
| [[Lego minifigure]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=17 amazing Google Easter eggs |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/17-amazing-google-easter-eggs/10/ |website=CBS News |access-date=February 22, 2017 |language=en |date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged onto [[Sun Valley, Idaho]]
| Skier
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Svetlik |first1=Joe |title=Nexus Q has an easter egg! The 12 best Google secrets ever |url=http://www.electricpig.co.uk/2012/07/02/nexus-q-has-an-easter-egg-the-12-best-ever-google-secrets-ever/ |website=Electricpig |date=July 2, 2012 |access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged onto the coast of [[Hawaii]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Hawaii |querystring=search/Hawaii}}, [[Florida]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Florida |querystring=search/Florida}}, [[Bali]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Bali |querystring=search/Bali}}, or The [[Galápagos Islands]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Galápagos Islands |querystring=search/Galápagos+Islands}}
| Mermaid
| <ref>{{cite web |date=July 24, 2017 |title=Searching for Pegman |url=https://www.sixticks.com/blog/searching-for-pegman/ |website=Six Ticks |access-date=April 6, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged onto [[Telegraph Avenue]] in [[Berkeley, CA]]
| Wearing a [[tie-dyed]] shirt
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Google's Top 17 Easter Eggs, Gags, and Hoaxes |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=4478244 |website=ABC News |date=March 20, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged near the [[Arthur Ashe Stadium]], [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]]
| Tennis player holding a racket
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Susan |title=Google Maps Easter Eggs |url=http://www.learningonlineblog.com/2014/04/15/google-maps-easter-eggs/ |website=Learning Online Blog |access-date=February 22, 2017 |date=April 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223041936/http://www.learningonlineblog.com/2014/04/15/google-maps-easter-eggs |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged near the [[Kennedy Space Center]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Kennedy Space Center |querystring=search/Kennedy+Space+Center}}
| Astronaut
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharrock |first1=Justine |title=Pegman:Google's Weird Art Project Hidden in Plain Sight |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/justinesharrock/pegman-googles-weird-art-project-hidden-in-plain-sight |website=www.buzzfeednews.com |publisher=BuzzFeed |date=April 11, 2013 |access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Dragged around [[Groom Lake]] in [[Nevada]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Groom Lake |querystring=search/Groom+Lake}} and [[Area 51]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Area 51 Alien Center |querystring=search/Area+51+Alien+Center}}
| [[Unidentified Flying Object|UFO]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://laughingsquid.com/google-maps-includes-a-ufo-easter-egg-at-area-51/ |title=Google Maps Includes a UFO Easter Egg at Area 51 |website=laughingsquid.com|date=May 27, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| Dragged around the southern point of [[Half Moon Island]], [[Antarctica]], where Streetview is available
| [[Penguin]]
| <ref name="Easter Eggs Telegraph" />
|-
| [[Loch Ness]]{{see it |site=maps |term=Loch Ness |querystring=search/Loch+Ness}}
| Green Loch Ness Monster wearing a tartan hat
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/21/8463031/google-maps-loch-ness-monster |title=Google Maps lets you search for the Loch Ness Monster from your couch |author=MicahSingleton |publisher=Vox Media |work=The Verge|date=April 21, 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| Around some royal residences, such as Buckingham Palace (and the surrounding palaces), [[Holyrood Palace|The Palace of Holyroodhouse]] and [[Hillsborough Castle]]
| A representation of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], "PegMa'am". Following the [[death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|death of Elizabeth II]] in 2022, this Easter egg was removed.
| <ref>{{Cite web |website=Best Of Smart Home Tech |url=https://bestofsmarthometech.com/2017/12/05/10-crazy-google-easter-eggs-you-never-knew-existed/ |title=10 Crazy Google Easter Eggs You Never Knew Existed!|date=March 3, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Haysom |first1=Sam |title=Google introduces 'PegMa'am' to honour the Queen's 63-year reign |url=http://mashable.com/2015/09/09/google-uk-queen-peg-maps |website=Mashable |date=September 9, 2015 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parsons |first1=Jeff |title=Google Maps quietly removes much-loved feature after the Queen's death |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/09/26/google-maps-quietly-removes-much-loved-feature-after-the-queens-death-17448686/ |website=Metro |date=26 September 2022 |access-date=25 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| For the release of ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]''
| Star Wars [[Stormtrooper (Star Wars)|Stormtrooper]] or [[X-wing fighter]] pilot
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gtricks.com/google-tricks/star-wars-easter-eggs-complete-list/ |title=Complete List of Star Wars Easter Eggs on Google Products |website=gtricks.com |author=Akhil |date=December 3, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| For the release of the video game ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD]]'' for the [[Wii U]]
| [[Link (The Legend of Zelda)|Link]] holding a Master Sword and a Hylian Shield
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2016/03/the_legend_of_zeldas_link_is_a_guest_star_on_google_maps |last=McFerran |first=Damien |title=The Legend of Zelda's Link is a guest star on Google Maps |website=Nintendo Life |access-date=March 14, 2016 |date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Around February 8, the launch day of Google Maps<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.co.uk/about/company/history/#2005 |website=google.co.uk |title=Google Company: Our history in depth |access-date=June 13, 2016}}</ref>
| Dressed as a birthday cake
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/photos/google-maps-pegman-birthday-cake-19904.html |website=seroundtable.com |publisher=Search Engine Roundtable |title=Google Maps Pegman Dresses Up As A Birthday Cake For 10 Year Birthday |author=Barry Schwartz |date=February 24, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| For [[Google Street View]]'s 10th birthday & for the user's birthday
| As if he is celebrating a birthday, wearing a red and white striped miniature party hat and holding three pastel violet, pink, and blue balloons in his right hand. A similar appearance was used on Street View's 15th anniversary on April 24–25, 2022.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/06/01/does-google-street-views-pegman-have-party-hat-balloons/ |title=Why does Google Street View's 'Pegman' have a party hat and balloons? |website=telegraph.co.uk |author=Mark Molloy |date=June 1, 2017 |access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Viewing past Street Views
| [[Emmett "Doc" Brown]], one of the [[protagonist]]s from [[Back to the Future (franchise)|the ''Back to the Future'' universe]]
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Maine |first1=Sammy |title=How Google Maps' Back to the Future Pegman was created |url=http://www.creativebloq.com/character-design/how-google-maps-back-future-pegman-was-created-51411516 |website=Creative Bloq |date=May 2014 |access-date=February 22, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Halloween]]
| Rides a broomstick
| <ref name="tom spring pcworld">{{cite web |last=Spring |first=Tom |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/142620/googles_top_17_easter_eggs_gags_and_hoaxes.html |title=Google's Top 17 Easter Eggs, Gags, and Hoaxes |publisher=PC World |date=March 18, 2008 |access-date=April 18, 2012 |archive-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828010702/http://www.pcworld.com/article/142620/googles_top_17_easter_eggs_gags_and_hoaxes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Valentine's Day]]
| Stands upon a heart
| <ref name="tom spring pcworld" />
|-
| Christmas week
| Snowman
| <ref name="tom spring pcworld" />
|-
|Concert venues for [[Blackpink]]'s [[Deadline World Tour]]
|Woman in an anime style, dressed in a white shirt, skirt, and cat ears, wielding a hammer.
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-12 |title=Find your way to BLACKPINK's world tour with Google Maps |url=https://blog.google/products/maps/blackpink-mode-deadline-world-tour/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Google |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

== Google Translate ==
{{Further|Google Translate}}
* On November 29, 2010, [[Reddit]] user "harrichr" posted details of "how to make Google beatbox for you!" and soon after, Robert Quigley reported the discovery in an article on "geekosystem.com" (now ''[[The Mary Sue]]''), stating that he was "Not sure if this falls in the category of Easter Egg or clever manipulation" and that although he had "No idea why", it transpired that using Google Translate to translate nonsense text of all [[consonant]]s from German to German and clicking {{button|Listen}} would result in [[Speech synthesis|machine generated speech]] that sounded like [[beatboxing]]. As time went on, ''redditors'' and other interested parties experimented with translation combinations, posting their results on sites including [[Hacker News]] where reader "iamdave" is reported to have posted "a pretty comprehensive Google Translate beatboxing guide".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themarysue.com/how-to-make-google-translate-beatbox/ |title=How to Make Google Translate Beatbox |website=themarysue.com |first=Robert |last=Quigley |date=November 29, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730164209/https://www.themarysue.com/how-to-make-google-translate-beatbox/ |archive-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/11/29/google-beatbox/ |title=How To Turn Google Translate Into Google Beatbox |website=techcrunch.com |first=Alexia |last=Tsotsis |date=November 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217003223/https://techcrunch.com/2010/11/29/google-beatbox/ |archive-date=December 17, 2017}}</ref> Three years later [[Time magazine]] published an article indicating that Google had acknowledged the existence of this "feature" with an Easter egg "Beatbox" [[tooltip]] when hovering over the "speaker icon" button after setting everything up to the aforementioned specification.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://techland.time.com/2013/11/15/check-out-this-google-translate-easter-egg/ |title=Check Out This Google Translate Easter Egg |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Doug |last=Aamoth |date=November 15, 2013 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504172239/http://techland.time.com/2013/11/15/check-out-this-google-translate-easter-egg/ |archive-date=May 4, 2018}}</ref>
* In January 2018, a Reddit user posted a discovery that when using Google Translate to translate [[the Funniest Joke in the World]] ("Wenn ist das Nunstück git und Slotermeyer? Ja! Beiherhund das Oder die Flipperwaldt gersput!") from German to English, the result was "[FATAL ERROR]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petsko |first1=Emily |title=Google Translate Error Accidentally Insults Flat-Earthers |url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/545979/google-translate-insults-flat-earthers |access-date=September 4, 2018 |work=Mental Floss |date=May 29, 2018}}</ref>
*Past August 27, 2023, translating "happy birthday" and pressing enter, will rain Google-colored confetti, on the occasion of Google's 25th birthday.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mashable.com/article/google-doodle-birthday-25 |title= Sing, hum or say 'Happy Birthday' to any Google product today. Thank us later. |website=mashable.com |first=Christianna |last=Silva |date=September 27, 2023 |access-date=January 31, 2026 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230927213345/https://mashable.com/article/google-doodle-birthday-25 |archive-date=September 27, 2023}}</ref>

== Google homepage ==
* Rolling over the {{button|I'm Feeling Lucky}} button causes the button text to spin, landing on a random phrase. Clicking on the button without text in the search bar will serve the corresponding web page.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Barry |title=I'm Feeling Doodly, Playful, Artistic: Google's "I'm Feeling Lucky" Button Gains New Choices |url=http://searchengineland.com/googles-rotating-im-feeling-lucky-button-130504 |website=Search Engine Land |access-date=May 6, 2017 |date=August 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=See what happens when you tell Google: I'm feeling curious |url=http://www.expertreviews.co.uk/technology/1403865/see-what-happens-when-you-tell-google-im-feeling-curious |website=Expert Reviews |date=September 3, 2015 |access-date=May 6, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Danny |first1=Goodwin |title=Google I'm Feeling Lucky Button Adds 8 New Options |url=https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/news/2198799/google-i-m-feeling-lucky-button-adds-8-new-options |website=Search Engine Watch |access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711094016/https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/news/2198799/google-i-m-feeling-lucky-button-adds-8-new-options |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! I'm feeling !! Result
|-
| Doodley || Random [[Google Doodle]]
|-
| Artistic || Random Google art project
|-
| Hungry || Google search for "restaurants" or "dinner recipes"
|-
| Trendy || [[Google Trends#Google Hot Trends|Google Hot Trends]]
|-
| Adventurous || Random probability-related Google widget
|-
| Stellar || Random space-related image
|-
| Funny || Random humor-related Google search or Charlie Chaplin's Google Doodle
|-
| Curious || Random question and answer or Google easter egg
|-
| Playful || Random [[Google Doodle#Interactive and notable doodles|interactive Google Doodle]]
|-
| Puzzled (discontinued)|| "A Google A Day" home page
|-
| Wonderful (discontinued) || Random "World Wonder" project
|-
| Generous (discontinued) || Google "One Today" homepage
|}

=== Google languages ===
Google offers interfaces for several different [[fictional languages]]. Users can set any of these languages (except pig Latin) as their search settings' preferred language.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bork, Elmer and Other Hidden Google Language Interface |url=http://www.gtricks.com/google-tricks/bork-elmer-klingon-pirate/ |website=Gtricks |access-date=March 25, 2017 |date=June 20, 2010}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! Language
! URL
|-
| [[Swedish Chef|Bork]] || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-bork}}
|-
| [[Elmer Fudd]] || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-elmer}}
|-
| [[Hacker]] ([[Leet]]) || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-hacker}}
|-
| [[Klingon language|Klingon]] || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-klingon}}
|-
| [[Pig Latin]] || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-piglatin}}
|-
| [[Pirate]] || {{see it|url=www.google.com/?hl=xx-pirate}}
|}

=== Google subpages ===
[[File:Google Teapot Easter Egg.png|thumb|right|The teapot found at Google's 418 error page]]
* {{see it |url=www.google.com/heart|hide=yes}}When [[Ken Perlin]] visited Google February 2000, [[Sergey Brin]] asked him for a version of an interactive jumping heart character he'd created as a [[Java applet]] to be put on the Google site for Valentine's Day. "www.google.com/heart" will redirect to an archived page which is a preservation of the old, but still functional, Google interface, complete with the Valentine's heart and a banner that states "This site is an old friend from Google's past, kept in its original form. Enjoy!"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/experiments/heart/ |title=Heart to Heart |website=mrl.nyu.edu |author=Ken Perlin}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=March 2019}}
* "{{see it |url=www.google.com/humans.txt}}" is a simple plain text file serving to remind its readers that Google is created by a large team of humans using many technologies. It asks for interested readers to visit their careers page.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://searchengineland.com/googles-human-text-file-google-comhuman-txt-76264 |website=searchengineland.com |title=Google's Human Text File: google.com/human.txt |author=Barry Schwartz |date=May 9, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref>
* "{{see it|url=www.google.com/teapot}}" states, "418. [[I'm a Little Teapot|I'm a teapot]]. The requested entity body is short and stout. Tip me over and pour me out." Clicking on the picture of the teapot or tilting the mobile device will result in an animation of it pouring tea into a teacup. The web page is a reference to the [[Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol]].<ref>{{Cite web |website=Searchengineland |url=http://searchengineland.com/new-google-easter-egg-seo-geeks-server-status-418-im-teapot-201739 |title=New Google Easter Egg For SEO Geeks: Server Status 418, I'm A Teapot|date=August 26, 2014 }}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Android ==
[[File:Android Easter eggs.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A collection of screenshots of the Android operating system.|All Android Easter eggs from 2.3 'Gingerbread' to 11 'Red Velvet Cake']]
{{Further|Android (operating system)}}
* Since the version 2.3 ([[Android Gingerbread|Gingerbread]]) of Google's [[Android (operating system)|Android operating system]] an Easter egg has been hidden. The Easter egg can be accessed through the "Settings" application, in the "About phone" section, by repeatedly tapping the "Android version" section. The animation is different in every version of the OS.<ref>{{Cite web |website=TDW |url=https://www.thedigitalworm.com/google-gravity-search-tricks/ |title=Google Gravity, Anit-Gravity and Many More Google Search Tricks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035849/https://www.thedigitalworm.com/google-gravity-search-tricks/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=usurped |publisher=The Digital Worm}}</ref>
** In 2.3 – 2.3.7 ([[Android Gingerbread|Gingerbread]]) there is a painting of an Android next to a zombie [[gingerbread man]], surrounded by [[zombies]] using cellphones.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/121197/4-hidden-android-easter-eggs-from-gingerbread-to-jelly-bean/ |title=4 Hidden Android Easter Eggs: From Gingerbread to Jelly Bean |date=August 7, 2012 |access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref>
** In 3.0 – 3.2.6 ([[Android Honeycomb|Honeycomb]]) there is a blue [[honeybee]]. Below it, there is the text "REZZZZZZZ..." as a reference to ''[[Tron: Legacy]]''.<ref name="android-auth-818694">{{cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-easter-eggs-818694/ |title=Every Android Easter egg and how to find it |first=Joe |last=Hindy |date=August 14, 2020 |website=Android Authority |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref>
** In 4.0 – 4.0.4 ([[Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Ice Cream Sandwich]]) there is [[pixel art]] of an [[ice cream sandwich]] android. Long-pressing it will result in many ice cream sandwich androids flying across the screen, dubbed the "nyan droid" as they are a tribute to [[Nyan Cat]].<ref name="android-auth-818694" />
** In 4.1 – 4.3.1 ([[Android Jelly Bean|Jelly Bean]]) a red jelly bean appears, which if pressed will show its face along with the [[Operating system|OS]] version. If this jelly bean is then long-pressed, an interactive jelly bean mini-game will appear. This is where one can fling the jelly beans around.<ref name="android-auth-818694" /> In 4.2 and above, another minor Easter egg is included: going to System > About Phone and continuously tapping the Build number section results in a notification stating "You are now a developer!", which enables the Developer Options screen. This Easter Egg is kept in all later versions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Configure on-device developer options {{!}} Android Studio |url=https://developer.android.com/studio/debug/dev-options |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Android Developers |language=en}}</ref>
** In 4.4 ([[Android KitKat|KitKat]]) a rotating letter "K" appears, which if continually tapped turns into the text "Android" in the styling of a KitKat logo. If the Android logo is then long-pressed or twisted with two fingers a tile interface, known as "a daydream" called "Dessert Case", loads with icons from all previous versions of Android. It appears to be a mock of the [[Windows Phone]] interface.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hidden Secret Easter Eggs and Daydreams in Google Android Devices – AskVG |url=http://www.askvg.com/hidden-secret-easter-eggs-and-daydreams-in-google-android-devices/ |website=askvg |date=May 2, 2014 |access-date=February 22, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
** In 5.x ([[Android Lollipop|Lollipop]]) and 6.x ([[Android Marshmallow|Marshmallow]]), a colored circle appears (or a circle with a stylized M inside in Marshmallow). If continuously tapped, it will turn into a [[lollipop]] with the text ''lollipop'' inside (or the M changes into a [[marshmallow]] in 6.x). Tapping the circle changes the color. When long-pressed, a game of ''[[Flappy Bird]]'' starts with the Android mascot instead. In Marshmallow, tapping the plus sign adds extra players (up to five), which can be controlled by the user or other players.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-marshmallow-easter-egg-flappy-bird-game-with-multiplayer-647378/ |title=The Android 6.0 Marshmallow Easter egg is another Flappy Bird-style game, with a twist |work=Android Authority |date=October 6, 2015 |access-date=December 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Guide to Android Daydream: How to Setup and Unlock Hidden Features |url=http://techmunchie.com/a-guide-to-android-daydream-how-to-setup-and-unlock-hidden-features |website=Techmunchie |access-date=May 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527022012/http://techmunchie.com/a-guide-to-android-daydream-how-to-setup-and-unlock-hidden-features |archive-date=May 27, 2014}}</ref>
** In 7.0 ([[Android Nougat|Nougat]]), an "N" appears, which will enable another Easter egg if tapped. This Easter egg, titled "Android Neko" as a reference to the cat collecting mobile game ''[[Neko Atsume]]'', can be accessed from the Quick Settings menu, and allows one to create virtual treats, which will eventually attract kittens. The kittens can be viewed in a gallery-style screen. Additionally, long-pressing on the aforementioned "N" repeatedly will alternate between displaying the [[no symbol]] and the cat face emojis, respectively toggling the Easter egg on and off. "No" and "cat" is a [[mondegreen]] for "nougat".<ref>{{cite web |author=Kellen |title=There is More to This Android N DP5 Easter Egg and It Involves Catching Cats (Updated) |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2016/07/18/android-n-dp5-easter-egg-involves-catching-cats/ |website=Droid Life |access-date=April 22, 2017 |date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>
** In 8.0 ([[Android Oreo|Oreo]]), instead of the normal way of going to the Easter egg, heading to System > About Phone and tapping on the Android version repeatedly will launch the Easter egg. An orange circle appears, representing an "O" for Oreo. Long pressing on the center will open a blue screen representing a sea with an octopus floating around. The "O" in octopus represents Oreo while the eight legs on the octopus represent the version (8.0). The octopus can be moved by dragging the head around.<ref>{{cite web |author=John McCann |title=Android Oreo: 10 things you need to know |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-android-oreo |website=TechRadar|date=August 21, 2017 }}</ref>
***In 8.1, the orange O is replaced by an [[Oreo]] with an Android Mascot on it.
** In 9.0 ([[Android Pie|Pie]]), the Easter egg is found by going to System > About Phone > Android version and then tapping three times on the Android version on the next screen. A white, extended "P" will then appear, usually with concentric colored circles disappearing into the "P". Each time the Easter egg is invoked, it displays different colors. The animation can be pinched to zoom.<ref>{{cite web |author=Richard Gao |title=Android P feature spotlight: The Easter egg is animated and way too colorful |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/android-p-feature-spotlight-easter-egg-animated-way-colorful/ |website=AndroidPolice|date=March 7, 2018 }}</ref>
*** On [[Comparison of Google Pixel smartphones|Google Pixel phones]] (that run 9.0 Pie), tapping the "P" icon several times will reveal a drawing app.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Schoon |title=Here's the drawing app Easter Egg on Android Pie on Google Pixel 3 [Video] |url=https://9to5google.com/2018/10/24/pixel-3-easter-egg-drawing-app/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=October 24, 2018 |access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref>
** In 10.0 ([[Android 10|Queen Cake]]), the text "android 10" will appear, where each of the texts "android", "1", and "0" can be moved and rotated. Rotating "1" and merging with the digit "0" will result in the "android Q" text. In this state, tapping the "Q" several times will reveal a [[Nonogram]] game, where the resulting pictures are various icons of Android.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/09/03/android-10-easter-egg/ |title=Hands-on with the Android 10 Nonogram Easter Egg |date=September 3, 2019 |first=Damien |last=Wilde |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref>
** In 11.0 ([[Android 11|Red Velvet Cake]]), a dial will show up. It can only go up to 10. If a user turns it to the max three times, it will go up to 11. After this is done, a virtual cat Easter egg is unlocked. This one is also called "Android Neko", much like the Easter egg in Nougat releases.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |date=September 20, 2020 |title=How to Play Android 11's Hidden Easter Egg Game |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/690597/how-to-play-the-android-11-easter-egg-game/ |website=How-To Geek}}</ref>
** In 12.0 ([[Android 12|Snow Cone]]) and 13.0 ([[Android 13|Tiramisu]]), a clock will show up. Setting it to the 12 o'clock position (or setting it to the 13 o'clock position in 13.0) will show many circles with the colors of [[Material You]], resembling an [[Ishihara test|Ishihara color test plate]]. This Easter egg may trigger [[Trypophobia]] in some users, as the spots are close together. After opening the Easter egg, a widget will be added to the list of available widget which, when tapped on, shows all the colors in the Material You color palette and tapping on one will open the share menu with details about the color.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/07/26/android-12-easter-egg/ |title=Here's the delightful and timely Android 12 Easter egg with Material You |date=July 26, 2021 |first=Abner |last=Li |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> In 13.0, If one clicks on many circles, they will see different emojis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/06/27/android-13-easter-egg/ |title=Google hatches the Android 13 easter egg and it's literally all the emoji |date=June 27, 2022 |first=Abner |last=Li |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=November 21, 2022}}</ref>
** In 14.0, 15.0 and 16.0, the "[[Android 14|Upside Down Cake]]" logo will pop up (or the "[[Android 15|Vanilla Ice Cream]]" logo will pop up,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2024/07/19/android-15s-space-themed-easter-egg-touches-down-on-terra-firma/ |title=Android 15's space-themed Easter egg touches down on terra firma |date=July 19, 2024 |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> or the "[[Android 16|Baklava]]" logo will pop up<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2025/03/13/android-16-autopilot-easter-egg-live-updates/ |title=Android 16's updated Easter egg adds 'autopilot' with Live Updates [Gallery] |date=March 13, 2025 |website=[[9to5Google]] |access-date=March 13, 2025}}</ref>). If held long enough, along with the vibrations, a space-based game will appear. One can pilot a ship and discover planets in a system.
* "Spells" may be "cast" on an Android phone by saying "Ok Google" followed by "Lumos" or "Nox" to turn the flashlight on and off, or "Silencio" to silence the ringer and notifications.<ref name="blog.google" />

=== Android applications ===
* In the [[Google Play Games]] app, if the player swipes the [[Konami Code]], a box will appear with three buttons – a {{key press|B}}, an {{key press|A}} and an {{key press|►}}. Pressing {{key press|B}} then {{key press|A}} then {{key press|►}} unlocks a secret achievement called "All your game are belong to us", a reference to the well known "[[All your base are belong to us]]" phrase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/konami-code-easter-egg-discovered-in-google-play-games/ |title=Konami Code Easter Egg Discovered In Google Play Games |publisher=Androidpolice.com |date=July 25, 2013 |access-date=December 21, 2013}}</ref>
* In the Google Phone (Dialer) app, inputting the "Emergency Number" "0118 999 881 999 119 725 3", advertised to replace "[[999 (emergency telephone number)|999]]" in [[The IT Crowd]]'s season 1 episode "[[List of The IT Crowd episodes#Series 1 (2006)|Calamity Jen]]", will cause the phone to vibrate and the call button to flash blue and red. The feature is supported to work on stock Android Marshmallow and Android Nougat,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/27/androids-stock-dialer-app-is-hiding-an-easer-egg-from-the-it-crowd/ |title=Android's Stock Dialer App Is Hiding An Easter Egg From 'The IT Crowd' |website=androidpolice.com|date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sims |first1=Gary |title=IT Crowd's 0118 999 881 999 119 725 3 Easter egg found in Google's dialer |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/0118-999-881-999-119-725-3-easter-egg-682519/ |website=Android Authority |access-date=January 15, 2018 |date=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Aaron |title=Fans of The IT Crowd will love Google's latest Android easter egg |url=https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/science-technology/656347/IT-Crowd-Channel-4-Google-Android-Marshmallow-Easter-Egg |website=Express.co.uk |access-date=March 20, 2018 |language=en |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref> and is still present on Oreo (8.1) devices.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* On [[List of Google apps for Android|YouTube Creator Studio]], swiping down the screen repeatedly will show a cat at the top of the screen.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cerdeña |first1=Anjo |title=YouTube Creator Studio – Different cats peek from... {{!}} Little Big Details |url=http://littlebigdetails.com/post/120693935524/youtube-creator-studio-different-cats-peek-from |website=Little Big Details |access-date=February 22, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
* Entering the tabview on the [[Google Chrome]] app and swiping up on a tab five times will cause the tab to do a backflip.<ref name=omg>{{cite web |last1=Sneddon |first1=Joey-Elijah |title=Have You Played With These Google Chrome Easter Eggs? |url=http://www.omgchrome.com/list-google-chrome-easter-eggs/ |website=OMG! Chrome! |date=February 27, 2014 |publisher=Ohso Ltd.}}</ref>
* Opening more than 99 tabs in the Google Chrome app will result in ":D" shown instead of the number of opened tabs. In incognito tab it will show ";)".<ref name="omg" />
* Tapping on the dinosaur, which is shown if the Google Chrome app is not able to connect to internet, will start [[Dinosaur Game]].<ref name="omg" />

=== Gallery ===
<gallery>
File:Android Gingerbread Easter eggs.jpg|Gingerbread
File:Android Honeycomb Easter eggs.jpg|Honeycomb
File:Android Ice Cream Sandwich Easter eggs.jpg|Ice Cream Sandwich
File:Android Jelly Bean Easter eggs.jpg|Jelly Bean
File:Android KitKat Easter eggs.jpg|KitKat
File:Android Lollipop Easter eggs.jpg|Lollipop
File:Android Marshmallow Easter eggs.jpg|Marshmallow
File:Android Nougat Easter eggs.jpg|Nougat
File:Android Oreo Easter eggs.jpg|Oreo
File:Android Pie Easter eggs.jpg|Pie
File:Android Q Easter eggs.jpg|Queen Cake
</gallery>

== YouTube ==
{{Further|YouTube}}
* When liking a video at exactly 67 likes, confetti drops down and a little message comes down saying "🤷‍♂️ six seven"
* When searching videos related to [[Taylor Swift]]'s album ''[[The Life of a Showgirl]]'' (2025), the progress bar is changed into a golden door.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
* On a video published by [[Numberphile]] on June 22, 2012, titled "Why do YouTube views freeze at 301?{{see it|url=youtube.com/watch?v=oIkhgagvrjI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/oIkhgagvrjI |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|hide=yes}}{{cbignore}}", the view count is intentionally frozen at 301,<ref name="gd" /> referencing a bug that prevented the view counter from refreshing beyond 301 views.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/5/9100759/youtube-301-view-count-freeze-going-away |title=YouTube videos will no longer get stuck at 301+ views |website=The Verge |date=August 5, 2015 |first=Jacob |last=Kastrenakes}}</ref>
* Adding "&wadsworth=1" to a video URL would apply "Wadsworth's constant", skipping the first third of the video.<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitson |first=Gordon |title=Skip Past the Boring Intro on YouTube Videos with the Wadsworth Constant Bookmarklet |url=http://lifehacker.com/5849342/skip-past-the-boring-intro-on-youtube-videos-with-the-wadsworth-constant-bookmarklet |publisher=Lifehacker |access-date=April 1, 2012 |date=October 13, 2011}}</ref>
* While viewing any video, typing "awesome" makes the progress bar and other player elements flash multicoloured. Typing "awesome" again stops it.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Codegena |url=http://codegena.com/top-10-youtube-tricks-know/ |title=Top 10 Youtube Tricks that you should know|date=December 25, 2015 }}</ref> For some, this Easter Egg seems to currently be glitched.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}
* YouTube's [[robots.txt]] file at "{{see it|url=www.youtube.com/robots.txt}}" states that it was "Created in the distant future (the year 2000) after the robotic uprising of the mid 1990s which wiped out all humans."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.link-assistant.com/blog/10-robots-txt-files-worth-to-have-a-look-at/ |title=10 robots.txt files worth to have a look at |author=Ksenia Dobreva |website=link-assistant.com}}</ref> This is an ostensible reference to the song [[Sally (Flight of the Conchords)#Songs|"Robots"]] by [[Flight of the Conchords]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://getflywheel.com/layout/entertaining-code-comments/ |website=getflywheel.com |title=7 entertaining comments left in code |author=Ben Stevinson |date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref>
* In December 2011, a button was added that would overlay a falling snow effect over most YouTube videos.<ref>{{cite web |last1=June |first1=Laura |title=YouTube adds snow option to videos for a festive watching experience |url=https://www.theverge.com/2011/12/22/2655640/youtube-adds-snow-option-to-videos-for-the-winter |website=The Verge |access-date=25 March 2022 |language=en |date=22 December 2011}}</ref>
* The title for [[Adult Swim]]'s "[[Too Many Cooks (short)|Too Many Cooks]]{{see it|url=www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrGrOK8oZG8|hide=yes}}" short on YouTube is displayed in the same font and color as the title cards in the video are.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Secrets and Easter Eggs to Try RIGHT NOW (PART 1) |url=https://tutorialplay.com/youtube-secrets-and-easter-eggs-to-try-right-now-part-1/ |website=TutorialPlay |access-date=25 March 2022 |date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
* Videos by the official channel for [[Taylor Swift]] will have a hand heart as the progress bar if videos by the channel are watched on her 35th birthday, December 13, 2024. This works on PC, YouTube TV and Android.
* During the Happy YouTube anniversary event in 2025, watching the first video ever published to the site, "Me at the zoo," showed a cake instead of a red rewind point.

=== YouTube search ===
A YouTube search for:
* "technoblade{{see it|url=www.youtube.com/results?search_query=technoblade|hide=yes}}" will cause a prompt to show up under the search bar, which reads: "Did you mean: technoblade ''never dies''" This is in tribute to [[Technoblade]], a popular ''Minecraft'' Youtuber who died on June 30, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fairfax |first=Zackerie |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Technoblade fan discovers Easter egg on YouTube honoring late Minecraft creator |url=https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/technoblade-fan-discovers-easter-egg-on-youtube-honoring-late-minecraft-creator-1970937/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427012733/https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/technoblade-fan-discovers-easter-egg-on-youtube-honoring-late-minecraft-creator-1970937/ |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=Dexerto}}</ref>
* "seinfeld without people{{see it|url=www.youtube.com/results?search_query=seinfeld+without+people|hide=yes}}" will show a titleless and descriptionless video{{see it|url=www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bads-B8O0lI|hide=yes}} about an episode of [[Seinfeld|the show]] without any cast members.{{dubious|date=May 2025}}

{{clear}}

== Chrome ==
{{Further|Google Chrome}}
[[File:Chromium T-Rex-error-offline.svg|thumb|Lonely T-Rex]]
* If one tries to browse when offline, a message is shown that they are not connected to the Internet. An illustration of the "Lonely T-Rex" dinosaur is shown at the top, which blinks occasionally, designed by Sebastien Gabriel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.omgchrome.com/interview-with-sebastien-gabriel-google-chrome-visual-designer/ |title=Interview with Sebastien Gabriel, a Google Chrome Visual Designer |last=Tumblison |first=Craig |work=OMG Chrome |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref><ref name="newest" /><ref name="feedsyouneed" /> From September 2014, tapping the dinosaur (in Android or iOS) or pressing {{key press|space}} or {{key press|up}} (on desktop) launches a [[browser game]] known as the ''[[Dinosaur Game]]'' in which the player controls a running dinosaur by tapping the screen (in Android or iOS) or pressing {{key press|space}}, {{keypress|up}} or {{key press|down}} (on desktop) to avoid obstacles, including [[cacti]] and, from June 2015, [[pterodactyls]]. In 2016, another feature was added to the game. When the player reaches 700 points the game begins to switch between day (white background, black lines and shapes) and night (black background, white lines and shapes). During September 2018, for Google Chrome's 10th birthday, a [[birthday cake]] causing the dinosaur to wear a birthday hat when collected was added.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashgear.com/chrome-t-rex-offline-game-parties-with-birthday-hat-cake-04544344/ |website=slashgear.com |title=Chrome T-Rex offline game parties with birthday hat, cake |author=JC Torres |date=September 4, 2018 |access-date=September 16, 2018}}</ref> Reaching a score of 900 will switch the color scheme back to day, and the switch back and forth will occur at further subsequent milestones.<ref name=newest>{{cite web |url=http://www.omgchrome.com/chrome-easter-egg-trex-game-offline/ |title=This is Chrome's Newest Easter Egg. And It's Awesome |last=Sneddon |first=Joey-Elijah |work=OMG Chrome |date=September 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |website=htxt.co.za |url=http://www.htxt.co.za/2016/05/20/google-chromes-offline-dinosaur-game-now-has-a-day-night-cycle/ |title=Google Chrome's offline "Dinosaur Game" now has a day-night cycle |date=May 20, 2016 |author=Clinton Matos |access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name=labnol>{{cite web |url=http://www.labnol.org/software/chrome-offline-dinosaur-game/28781/ |title=Play the Dinosaur Game Hidden inside your Google Chrome |work=Digital Inspiration |last=Agarwal |first=Amit |date=October 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.omgchrome.com/chrome-dinosaur-game-pterodactyl-upgrade/ |title=Chrome's Hidden Dinosaur Game Just Got Even Better |last=Sneddon |first=Joey-Elijah |date=June 18, 2015 |work=OMG Chrome}}</ref> The game is also available at the "chrome://network-error/-106" and "chrome://dino"{{Failed verification |date=April 2019}} pages.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Biersdorfer |first1=J. D. |title=When Dinosaurs Roam in Chrome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/14/technology/personaltech/chrome-dinosaur-internet-connection.html |access-date=October 12, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=November 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115060204/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/14/technology/personaltech/chrome-dinosaur-internet-connection.html |archive-date=November 15, 2017}}</ref> The game's code is available on the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] site.<ref name="labnol" />

=== ChromeOS ===
{{Further|ChromeOS}}
[[File:FileWanderedOffSomewhere.png|thumb|right|upright=1.4]]
* In the Camera app, activating [[caps lock]] and typing "CRAZYPONY" would open the files app and prompt the user to select a video file. Users could then add filters and take screenshots of the video.<ref name="omg" />
* The [[keyboard shortcut]] {{key press|ctrl|alt|shift|refresh}} causes the current window to spin (Barrel Roll).<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dinsan |title=Make Your Chromebook Do A Barrel Roll – AWESOME!! |url=https://www.chromestory.com/2012/05/chromebook-barrel-roll/ |website=Chrome Story|date=February 29, 2020 }}</ref> If the user has multiple tabs open in separate windows, only the current window the user is using will spin.
* After downloading a file, then deleting it in the files app, but leaving the notification; when clicking on the notification it will say "This file has wandered off somewhere".{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Inputting the Konami Code on a [[Chromebook Pixel]] causes the lights on an LED strip on the lid of the computer to blink rapidly.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Oliverez-Giles |first=Nathan |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Google's Pixel Chromebook Has a Konami Code Easter Egg |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/02/google-pixel-konami-code-easter-egg/ |magazine=Wired}}</ref>

== Other ==
[[File:Google Sheets Pride easter egg.gif|thumb|right|275px|"PRIDE" Easter Egg in Google Sheets being demonstrated]]
* Navigating to a [[404 page]] on google.com will result with the title the webpage having a 1 instead of an ! in "Error 404 (Not Found)!!1". This is most likely part of the "!1 Phenomenon".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitu |first=Alex |date=May 1, 2013 |title=Error 404 (Not Found)!!1 |url=https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2013/05/error-404-not-found1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524032958/https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2013/05/error-404-not-found1.html |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |access-date=May 23, 2023 |website=Blogspot}}</ref>
* Pressing {{Key press|Ctrl|Shift|Y}} in the [[Picasa]] desktop application will cause a [[teddy bear]] to appear on the screen. Note that the Picasa application no longer exists, as it was replaced by Google Photos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mashable.com/2010/03/13/google-easter-eggs/ |title=5 Must-See Google Easter Eggs |publisher=Mashable.com |date=March 13, 2010 |access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref>
* In [[Google Glass]], tapping ''Settings'' → ''Device info'' → ''View licenses'', then tapping the touchpad 9 times, will show a ''Tap Meet Team'' option. Tapping again will show a photo of the Google Glass development team.<ref>{{cite web |author=((开战时刻：2011年11月01日 00:00)) |url=http://www.guao.hk/posts/google-glass-easter-egg-introduces-you-to-the-entire-team-in-a-panoramic-image-controlled-by-your-heads-movement.html |title=Google Glass 内置彩蛋被发现，可观看整个眼镜团队全景照片 {{pipe}} 谷奥——探寻谷歌的奥秘 |publisher=Guao.hk |date=March 28, 2011 |access-date=September 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428104240/http://www.guao.hk/posts/google-glass-easter-egg-introduces-you-to-the-entire-team-in-a-panoramic-image-controlled-by-your-heads-movement.html|archive-date=2013-04-28|language=zh}}</ref>
* Any photograph with Christmas lights uploaded to [[Google+]] would have been turned into an animated [[GIF]], showing sparkling lights.<ref name="carolling_lights_2013" />
* On the [[Google Play|Google Play Store]], clicking the search button with a blank search field will search "unicorns".<ref>{{Cite web |website=Businessinsider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/unicorn-easter-egg-hidden-in-google-play-store-app-2015-11 |title=There's a bizarre Easter Egg hidden on the front page of Google's app store}}</ref>
* In Google's iPhone and iPod touch search application, swiping downwards (past About) repeatedly in the Settings interface brings up a hidden menu item, called Bells and Whistles, allowing customization of colors, sounds and more within the app.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cultofmac.com/google-reveals-hidden-menu-in-iphone-app/6570 |title=Google Reveals Hidden Menu in iPhone App |publisher=Cult of Mac |date=January 2, 2009 |access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref>
* The model numbers for the first generation [[Chromecast]] unit and its power adapter read [[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|H2G2-42]] and [[Mystery Science Theater 3000|MST3K-US]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/30/google-chromecasts-geeky-easter-eggs |title=Googe Chromecast's Geeky Easter Eggs |access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref>
* The password for [[Google Fi Wireless]] data only [[SIM card]]s is "h2g2", another reference to ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/fi/answer/6330195?hl=en |title=Use Project Fi with tablets & other compatible devices - Project Fi Help |access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref>
* In [[Google Sheets]], as to celebrate [[LGBT pride]], typing "PRIDE" in cells A1-E1 with each individual letter in each cell will change the fill color of columns to make a rainbow. As of an unknown date the colors were changed to the colors that were seen in every pride flag.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lopez |first1=Napier |title=Google Easter egg celebrates Pride in your spreadsheets |url=https://thenextweb.com/google/2017/06/26/google-easter-egg-celebrates-pride-spreadsheets/ |website=The Next Web|date=June 26, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cakebread |first1=Caroline |title=Google added an Easter egg that turns your spreadsheets into rainbows — here's how it works |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-sheets-easter-egg-rainbow-spreadsheets-2017-6 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>
*On the [[iOS]] app of Google, opening the tabs page and scrolling down will open a [[pinball]] game.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolinski |first=Peter |date=October 26, 2022 |title=There's a secret pinball game buried in your iPhone - here's how to play it |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/how-to/how-to-unlock-the-google-pinball-game-on-iphone |website=Tom's Guide}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Discontinued Easter Eggs ==

=== General ===
The following have since been removed as of August 15, 2025:

* "2/22/22{{see it|term=2/22/22}}" or "[[Twosday]]{{see it|term=twosday}}" would make confetti appear with number 2's and a phrase saying "Happy Twosday 2You!" on February 22, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Google celebrates Twosday with Easter egg, but won't do the most obvious joke |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/google-celebrates-twosday-with-easter-egg-but-wont-do-the-most-obvious-joke/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=Android Police}}</ref>
* "[[a long time ago in a galaxy far far away]]" resulted in the same tilted, scrolling style that the introductions to the original ''[[Star Wars]]'' movies were presented in.<ref name="Mashable Taylor">{{cite web |last=Taylor |first=Chris |date=November 24, 2015 |title=Spectacular Google easter egg pays homage to ''Star Wars'' opening crawl |url=http://mashable.com/2015/11/23/google-long-time-ago/ |access-date=December 29, 2015 |website=Mashable}}</ref> This included the music,<ref name="Mashable Taylor" /> which was muted but could be heard by clicking on or selecting the muted speaker icon on the page. This was discontinued on June 28, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Groups |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/websearch/y1UAq0p1Drs |access-date=June 27, 2017 |website=productforums.google.com}}</ref>
* "[[ASCII art|ascii art]]" showed the logo as if it were created with [[ASCII]] characters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2009 |title=Google's ASCII Easter Egg |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/Horizons/2009/0828/googles-ascii-easter-egg |website=The Christian Science Monitor}}</ref>
* "[[baby yoda]]", "[[grogu]]", "the child", "[[The Mandalorian|the mandalorian]]" or "Din Grogu" brought up a Grogu (Baby Yoda) image button on the bottom right corner of the screen; when pressed, Grogu would use the force to pull off a result and throw it to the bottom of the screen. It was possible to press the button multiple times to remove more results. As of October 2, 2024, this has been discontinued.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2023-03-02 |title=Grogu plays with Google results in Mandalorian Easter egg |url=https://9to5google.com/2023/03/02/mandalorian-grogu-google-search-easter-egg/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* "[[barbie]]", "[[Ryan Gosling|ryan gosling]]", or " [[Margot Robbie|margot robbie]]", would show little rose fireworks and the interface would then change to a rose color, in promotion for the 2023 [[Barbie (film)|''Barbie'']] film. This has been discontinued as of August 28, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yeo |first1=Amanda |date=18 July 2023 |title=Google has a 'Barbie' Easter egg on searches for Greta Gerwig, Margot Robbie, or Ryan Gosling |url=https://mashable.com/article/barbie-google-easter-egg-margot-robbie |website=Mashable}}</ref>
* "[[binary number|binary]]", "hex", "[[hexadecimal]]" and "[[octal]]" showed the number of search results in the respective [[numeral system]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Barry |date=March 12, 2012 |title=Google's Easter Eggs For Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal |url=https://searchengineland.com/googles-easter-eggs-for-binary-octal-hexadecimal-114800 |access-date=March 20, 2019 |website=searchengineland.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Barry |date=June 27, 2013 |title=Google's Search About Number Of Results Easter Egg |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-easter-egg-results-count-16992.html |access-date=March 20, 2019 |website=seroundtable.com}}</ref> This has since been discontinued.{{Citation needed||date=November 2022|reason=needs citation to a source that states that the easteregg was discontinued}}
* "[[Chappell Roan|chappell roan]]"{{See it|term=chappell roan}} would show "Did you mean: ''your favorite artist's favorite artist''", and vice versa when searching "your favorite artist's favorite artist"{{See it|term=your favorite artist's favorite artist}}. This is in reference to Roan famously shouting the phrase during her [[Coachella 2024|2024 Coachella]] performance, and its subsequent viral usage on social media platforms like [[TikTok]]. The quote is inspired by American drag queen [[Sasha Colby|Sasha Colby's]] own saying "I'm your favorite drag queen's favorite drag queen."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-21 |title=What to know about Chappell Roan, 'your favorite artist's favorite artist' |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/music/who-is-chappell-roan-rcna158362 |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=TODAY.com |language=en}}</ref>
* "Connections{{see it|term=Connections}}" would make a purple button with the NYT Connections logo pop up at the bottom, which would release confetti and Connections images from the top of the screen.
* "[[Elden Ring]]{{see it|term=Elden Ring}}" made the phrase "⚔️ Arise again, Ye Tarnished ⚔️" drag across the screen.
* "[[fifa]]{{see it|term=fifa}}" and "[[FIFA World Cup|world cup]]", during [[FIFA World Cup 2010]], caused the "Goooo...gle" page indicator at the bottom of every result page to read "Goooo...al!" instead.<ref>{{cite web |author=Chan, John |date=June 9, 2010 |title=Google celebrates World Cup with Gooooooooooal! |url=http://asia.cnet.com/crave/google-celebrates-world-cup-with-gooooooooooal-62111461.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320083159/http://asia.cnet.com/crave/google-celebrates-world-cup-with-gooooooooooal-62111461.htm |archive-date=March 20, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2011 |website=CNET Asia}}</ref>
* "[[Heartstopper (TV series)|heartstopper]]{{See it|term=heartstopper}}" would cause a trio of animated leaves to glide across the page.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parkel |first1=Inga |title=Heartstopper fans spot 'adorable' Google easter egg |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/heartstopper-google-easter-egg-b2081860.html |website=The Independent |access-date=19 May 2022 |language=en |date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
* "[[Indian Premier League]]{{see it|term=indian premier league}}" or "IPL{{see it|term=ipl}}" would display yellow and blue fireworks in celebration of [[Chennai Super Kings]] victory over [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] during the [[2021 Indian Premier League]]; this was discontinued on October 30, 2021.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
* {{Anchor|jawan}}"[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]" or "[[Shah Rukh Khan]]" showed a walkie talkie which clicked, would cover the screen with bandages and play an audio of Indian actor Shah Rukh Khan speaking "ready"; referencing his role as the vigilante character in the 2023 film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title=SRK Will Now Talk to You on a Walkie Talkie With Google's 'Easter Egg' For 'Jawan' |url=https://www.news18.com/viral/srk-will-now-talk-to-you-on-a-walkie-talkie-with-googles-easter-egg-for-jawan-8568782.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
* "lunar new year", "chinese new year", or "year of the rabbit" caused fireworks to shoot up in the search page. Occasionally, a firework formed a rabbit silhouette; this was made to celebrate the Year of the Rabbit in [[Lunar New Year]] in 2023, but has since been removed. {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
* "nothing beats a Jet2 holiday" or "[[Jess Glynne]] [[Hold My Hand (Jess Glynne song)|Hold My Hand]]" would result in a plane emoji flying through the top-left corner and the words "...and right now, you can save 50£ per person. That's 200£ off for a family of four!" would scroll above the results, a reference to [[Jet2holidays]] and their frequent usage of "Hold My Hand" in their adverts, which became a viral meme.
* "{{see it|rat czar}}" caused a rat emoji and a crown emoji to move across the search results, as a reference to New York City's appointed director of rodent mitigation, referred to as the "[[Rat Czar]]"; this was removed as of August 28, 2024.
* "[[Sabrina Carpenter]]", "[[Espresso (song)|Espresso]]", "[[Taste (Sabrina Carpenter song)|Taste]]" or "[[Please Please Please (Sabrina Carpenter song)|Please Please Please]]" would cause a button to appear which when clicked placed a lipstick mark on the screen and made a kissing noise.
* "[[Shaboozey]]{{see it|term=Shaboozey}}", "tipsy", or any query that brought up the Knowledge Graph for "[[A Bar Song (Tipsy)]]" would cause the page to tip once left and right.
* "[[Snoop Dogg]]" showed the top scrolled emojis of a [[badminton]] [[racket (sports equipment)|racket]] and [[badminton ball|ball]] along with a comment by American rapper [[Snoop Dogg]] at the [[National Broadcasting Corporation|NBC]] during the [[2024 Summer Olympic Games]] in [[Paris]]; this was discontinued after the Olympics.
* "{{see it|superb owl}}" around the time of the [[Super Bowl]] showed a Knowledge Graph for the Super Bowl, along with a games' information panel titled "Superb owl" with an image of an owl wearing a crown, in response to an ongoing joke amongst [[Reddit]]ors about the common misspelling of "Super Bowl".<ref name="superb owl" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Molina |first1=Brett |title='Superb owl' always trends ahead of the big game. Here's why |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/super-bowl/2019/02/01/superb-owl-why-search-trends-google-around-super-bowl-sunday/2743774002/ |access-date=February 5, 2019 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref>
* "Winter Olympics", "Olympics", "Milano Cortina", or anything related to the [[2026 Winter Olympics]] would show a wolfdog running across the screen, a reference to Nazgul, a wolfdog who ran to the finish line in the cross-country sprint finals; this was discontinued after the Olympics.[https://www.google.com/search?sa=X&sca_esv=3cc870bd7e5dc38d&q=2026+Winter+Olympics+&oi=ddle&noiga=1&ct=460147624&hl=en&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAHvEaMot8PLHPWEpnUlrTl5jVOPiCs7IL3fNK8ksqRSS4GKDsvikeLi49HP1DUzNK3KrcngWsYoYGRiZKYRn5pWkFin451TmFmQmFwMAE_3vRE8AAAA&ved=0ahUKEwifprvf_u2SAxXTEjQIHVFJESwQPQgE&biw=1280&bih=551&dpr=1.5&safe=active&ssui=on]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?sa=X&sca_esv=3cc870bd7e5dc38d&q=2026+Winter+Olympics+&oi=ddle&noiga=1&ct=460147624&hl=en&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAHvEaMot8PLHPWEpnUlrTl5jVOPiCs7IL3fNK8ksqRSS4GKDsvikeLi49HP1DUzNK3KrcngWsYoYGRiZKYRn5pWkFin451TmFmQmFwMAE_3vRE8AAAA&ved=0ahUKEwifprvf_u2SAxXTEjQIHVFJESwQPQgE&biw=1280&bih=551&dpr=1.5&safe=active&ssui=on |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=www.google.com}}</ref>
* "[[wonderwall]]" or any lyrics related to the [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] song showed a button which, when clicked, would sing the "cause maybe..." part in a loop until one stopped the audio and visuals by clicking the button again.
* "{{see it|zerg rush}}" caused an [[Rush (video gaming)|army of Google Os]] to attack and destroy the search results, which could be defeated by clicking on them.<ref name="Easter Eggs ZDNet">{{cite web |title=The best Google "easter eggs" hidden in plain sight (pictures) |url=https://www.zdnet.com/pictures/secret-google-youtube-easter-eggs/5/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405043129/http://www.zdnet.com/pictures/secret-google-youtube-easter-eggs/5/ |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |work=ZDNet}}</ref> Once one got defeated (as victory is impossible<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kee |first1=Edwin |title=Zerg Rush decimates Google search |url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2012/04/zerg-rush-decimates-google-search/ |access-date=May 8, 2017 |website=Ubergizmo}}</ref>), the Os formed [[GG (gaming)|two Gs (GG)]], meaning "Good Game".<ref>{{Cite news |author=Doug Gross |date=April 27, 2012 |title='Zerg rush' chews up Google search results |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/27/tech/web/google-zerg-rush/ |access-date=May 3, 2016 |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="feedsyouneed" /> This appears to have been discontinued.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==== Knowledge Graph ====

* "[[Gotham City|gotham city]]{{See it|term=gotham city}}", "[[batman]]", or "[[Bruce Wayne|bruce wayne]]" would show the [[Bat-Signal]] next to the results. Tapping or clicking it showed a stormy night background on the search results, along with the glowing bat signal overlaid on top. After a few seconds, one would hear a grappling sound before seeing the shadow of Batman swinging across the screen. This was in honor of the release of ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'' in 2022, but was later removed in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://elgoog.im/batman/ |title=Batman - Google Easter egg |access-date=2024-12-06}}</ref>
* "[[Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|thanos]]" and "[[Infinity Gauntlet (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|infinity gauntlet]]" displayed a Knowledge Graph with the Infinity Gauntlet on it. Clicking it would cause its fingers to [[Finger snapping|snap]], disintegrating half of the links and images on the page, as well as counting down the number of results to half. This is a reference to ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', in which Thanos [[The Blip|destroyed half of all life in the universe]] with the Gauntlet by snapping his fingers, and was added in celebration of its sequel, ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]''. Clicking the gauntlet again restored the previously disintegrated results' content.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ricker |first=Thomas |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Stop what you're doing and Google 'Thanos' for an Avengers Easter egg |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/26/18517574/avengers-easter-egg-surprise-thanos-search |access-date=April 26, 2019 |website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Lisa Respers France |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Google the name 'Thanos' from 'Avengers: Endgame' for a special treat |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/26/entertainment/thanos-avengers-google-trnd/index.html |access-date=April 26, 2019 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 27, 2019 |title=Google 'Thanos,' click the Infinity Gauntlet icon right now |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/04/27/google-thanos-click-the-infinity-gauntlet-right-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105125908/https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/04/27/google-thanos-click-the-infinity-gauntlet-right-now |archive-date=November 5, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2021 |work=Dhaka Tribune |quote=If you Google Thanos, or the Infinity Gauntlet, the search results shows a preview of the Wikipedia page on the Titan as always. But unlike other search results, a small graphic image of Infinity Gauntlet has been added next to Thanos and Infinity Gauntlet on the preview of Wikipedia page.}}</ref> This was removed as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=John |date=2020-05-13 |title=How To Find The Avengers 'Thanos Snap' Google Search Easter Egg |url=https://screenrant.com/avengers-thanos-snap-google-search-easter-egg/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}</ref>
* "[[The Wizard of Oz|wizard of oz]]" would display a pair of [[ruby slippers]] in the Knowledge Graph. Clicking on them caused the page to spin in a [[tornado]]-like effect while an audio file of [[Judy Garland]] saying "There's no place like home" was heard. After the effect finished, the page would be seen in a sepia tone only. If the tornado was clicked, an audio file from the movie when the tornado hits would play, and the page would spin again and return to color.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=John |date=May 6, 2020 |title=The Wizard Of Oz Google Search Easter Egg: Here's How To Find It |url=https://screenrant.com/wizard-of-oz-google-search-easter-egg-explained/ |website=ScreenRant}}</ref>

==== Image search ====
* A [[Google image search]] for "atari breakout" or just "breakout" would start a game of ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]'', using the gallery of image results as bricks. Once the bricks were destroyed, a random phrase was automatically searched, the player would get an extra ball, and the game restarted.<ref name="feedsyouneed" /> This was added in 2013 in celebration of the 37th anniversary of the original Atari game until May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=John |date=May 16, 2020 |title=How To Find & Play Atari Breakout Easter Egg On Google Search |url=https://screenrant.com/play-atari-breakout-google-search-easter-egg/ |access-date=July 16, 2020 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |quote=Although you used to be able to access the game by searching through the Images section of Google Search, that's no longer the case}}</ref>

=== Google Subpages ===

* "www.google.com/[[killer-robots.txt]]" was a plain text file in [[robots.txt]] format that instructed [[Terminator (character)|the Terminator]] not to kill the company founders [[Larry Page]] and [[Sergey Brin]], but has since been removed.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Lily Hay Newman |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Is This a Google Easter Egg or Proof That Skynet Is Actually Plotting World Domination? |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/07/03/a_killer_robots_txt_google_easter_egg.html |work=Slate}}</ref>

=== Android Applications ===

* In [[Google+]], if the device was shaken while viewing a photo, snow would fall; if the device was shaken again it would save an animated [[GIF]] of the image with falling snow to the pictures directory. Note that Google+ no longer exists, as it was replaced with a now defunct social app called [[Google Currents (social app)|Google Currents]] in 2019 after its shutdown.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 12, 2013 |title=Google+ Turns Your Smartphone Into a Snow Globe |url=http://www.gottabemobile.com/2013/12/12/google-turns-smartphone-snow-globe/ |access-date=December 17, 2013 |publisher=gottabemobile.com}}</ref>
* Searching for "let's go caroling" or "let's go carolling" on [[Google Now]] resulted in an extra card which displayed a list of [[Christmas carols]]. The phone would play the music and show the words if one of them was selected.<ref name="carolling_lights_2013">{{cite web |url=http://www.gottabemobile.com/2013/12/16/google-easter-egg-brings-christmas-carols-mobile/ |title=Google Easter Egg Brings Christmas Carols to Mobile |date=December 16, 2013 |publisher=gottabemobile.com |access-date=December 17, 2013}}</ref> Google Now is discontinued.

=== YouTube ===

* On YouTube for [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox One]], [[Nintendo Switch]] and on [[YouTube TV]], holding ''rewind'' (left on a [[gamepad]] thumbstick, left {{Key press|Left}} or {{Key press|J}} on a [[computer keyboard|keyboard]]) for a few seconds while at the beginning of a video, would cause an animated image of a small dog to run across the video's progress bar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Adam |date=January 19, 2019 |title=There's a secret dog hidden in your YouTube video timeline |url=https://mashable.com/article/youtube-dog-timeline-easter-egg/#p4bdykso1OqK |access-date=February 5, 2019 |website=mashable.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 21, 2019 |title=YouTube Easter egg shows a cute Corgi for gamers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/youtube-easter-egg-shows-a-cute-corgi-for-gamers/story-bIDAqO7fp84tRCUaAE1wCM.html |access-date=February 5, 2019 |website=hindustantimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
* On December 12, 2015, in celebration of the release of ''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'', the [[progress bar]] was changed in order to look like a [[Lightsaber]]. By signing up to a specially created page, users were able to follow the Light Side (which would change the progress bar to blue) or the Dark Side (which would change the progress bar to red). Account users had the option to return the effect to normal. Google later disabled it on February 1, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |author=James Vincent |date=November 23, 2015 |title=Google's Star Wars makeover gives you apps fit for a Jedi (or a Sith) |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/23/9781672/google-star-wars-customization |access-date=April 28, 2016 |website=theverge.com}}</ref>
* A [[Snake (video game genre)|Snake game]] could be activated in the [[Adobe Flash]] player by pressing a combination of [[arrow keys]] while videos were paused or playing. Once started, the snake could be controlled by further use of the arrow keys, directing it to "gobble up dots" to increase its size. If the snake hit the edges of the video window, the game would end.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Angus Kidman |date=August 2, 2010 |title=Best Google Search Tricks And Easter Eggs |url=https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2010/08/best-google-search-tricks-and-easter-eggs/ |access-date=August 14, 2017 |website=lifehacker.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Samuel Axon |date=July 24, 2010 |title=YouTube Easter Egg: Play "Snake" Game While Watching a Video |url=http://mashable.com/2010/07/24/youtube-snake-easter-egg/#sQ6ozexeQSqQ |access-date=August 14, 2017 |website=mashable.com}}</ref> This feature no longer works with the [[HTML video]] player.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kidman |first1=Angus |date=July 14, 2011 |title=How To Get YouTube's Snake Easter Egg Working Again |url=https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2011/07/how-to-get-youtubes-snake-easter-egg-working-again/ |access-date=November 8, 2017 |website=Lifehacker Australia |language=en}}</ref>[[File:YouTube EasterEgg Fidget Spinner Buffering.jpg|thumb|The Fidget Spinner that replaces the buffering icon]]
* When watching a video with "fidget spinner" in the title, the buffering icon would change into a spinning [[fidget spinner]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Paul Tamburro |date=August 1, 2017 |title=YouTube Has a Fidget Spinner Easter Egg That No One Has Noticed |url=http://www.craveonline.com/design/1304755-youtube-fidget-spinner-easter-egg-no-one-noticed |access-date=August 4, 2017 |website=craveonline.com}}</ref>
* In 2011, the Nyan Cat video on YouTube was updated to show a custom progress bar with an animated Nyan Cat and a rainbow trail;<ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2011 |title=YouTube adds crazy loading bar to Nyan cat viral video |url=https://venturebeat.com/2011/06/17/youtube-nyan-cat-progress-bar/ |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 June 2011 |title=YouTube Made a Custom Progress Bar for Nyan Cat |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2011/06/18/youtube-nyan-cat-progress-bar/ |website=Tubefilter}}</ref> this was later removed at an unknown date. {{Citation needed||date=May 2022}}

==== YouTube Search ====

* "beam me up scotty", a reference to ''[[Star Trek]]'', would cause the search results to beam down onto the screen, as in ''Star Trek''.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yohana Desta |date=February 24, 2014 |title=12 YouTube Easter Eggs Worth the Distraction |url=http://mashable.com/2014/02/24/youtube-easter-eggs/ |access-date=June 8, 2016 |website=mashable.com |publisher=MashableUK}}</ref>
* "doge meme" changed the font on the search result page to pastel color [[Comic Sans]] typical of the [[Doge meme]], but has since been removed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 7, 2022 |title=You Can Have RAINBOW SEARCH RESULTS On YouTube! (Doge Easter Egg!) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo4YM3GOF9o&ab_channel=Timeworks |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Chitu |first=Alex |date=November 20, 2013 |title=YouTube Easter Egg for Doge Meme |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2013/11/youtube-easter-egg-for-doge-meme.html |access-date=December 21, 2013 |publisher=Googlesystem.blogspot.com}}</ref>{{See it|hide=yes|url=web.archive.org/web/20171224163402/https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=doge+meme}}
* "do the harlem shake" would cause the [[Harlem Shake (song)|Harlem Shake]] song to play and the results to dance around.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2014 |title=YouTube's Hidden Secret Easter Eggs – AskVG |url=http://www.askvg.com/ultimate-collection-of-youtube-hidden-secret-easter-eggs/ |access-date=May 12, 2018 |website=www.askvg.com}}</ref>
* "use the Force luke" caused the results to levitate, as if by [[the Force]] mentioned in ''[[Star Wars]]''.<ref name="Easter Eggs ZDNet" />{{See it|hide=yes|url=web.archive.org/web/20190803160750/https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=use+the+force+luke}}
* "webdriver torso" would return the results but with a red background and a blue rectangle around some videos. It also said "<code>aqua.flv – Slide 000[0–9]</code>" at the bottom left of the page. Google has confirmed that this was a reference to the [[Webdriver Torso]] mystery; one of many test channels used by YouTube to ensure video quality.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jane Wakefield |date=June 10, 2014 |title=Google behind Webdriver Torso mystery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-27778071 |access-date=May 12, 2018 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Internet|Lists}}
* [[elgooG]] – a mirrored website of Google Search with horizontally flipped search results within which one can play some Google Easter eggs which were discontinued.
* [[Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Browser Usage]] – a hoax study that claimed to have correlated the IQs of 100,000 internet users with which web browsers they used, claiming that users of Microsoft's Internet Explorer had lower IQs than users of other browsers
* [[List of Easter eggs in Microsoft products]]
* [[List of Easter eggs in Tesla products]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Google LLC}}
{{Hidden messages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Google Easter eggs, List of}}
[[Category:April Fools' Day jokes]]
[[Category:Computer humour]]
[[Category:Google lists|Easter eggs]]
[[Category:In-jokes]]
[[Category:Internet hoaxes]]
[[Category:Lists of Easter eggs]]
[[Category:Google]]

List of women's Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks

2026-03-28T16:37:07Z

Associatedin21: expanded content

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
A [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] in [[cricket]] is when a [[Bowler (cricket)|bowler]] takes three [[wicket]]s in consecutive [[Delivery (cricket)|deliveries]], [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissing]] three different [[Batsman|batsmen]]. It is a relatively rare event in [[Women's Twenty20 International]] (WT20I) cricket with only 59 occurrences in over 2,600 matches.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/581290.html|title=Records, Women's Twenty20 Internationals, Bowling records, Hat-tricks |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>

The first hat-trick in WT20Is was taken by [[Asmavia Iqbal]] of [[Pakistan women's national cricket team|Pakistan]], playing against [[England women's national cricket team|England]] in [[Loughborough]] on 5 September 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/hat-trick-heroes-first-to-take-a-t20i-hat-trick-from-each-team/ |title=Hat-trick heroes: First to take a T20I hat-trick from each team |work=Women's CricZone |accessdate=11 June 2020}}</ref>

==Hat-tricks by national team==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"
|+T20I hat-tricks by team
|-
! Team !! Hat-tricks
|-
|align=left|{{crw|THA}} || rowspan="2" | 5
|-
|align=left|{{crw|UAE}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|HK}} || rowspan="5" | 3
|-
|align=left|{{crw|WIN}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|ZIM}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|NEP}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|BAN}}
|-
| align="left" |{{crw|AUS}} || rowspan="10" | 2
|-
|align=left|{{crw|ENG}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|GER}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|JPN}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|JER}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|NGA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|PAK}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|RWA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|UGA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|VAN}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|AUT}} || rowspan=14 | 1
|-
|align=left|{{crw|BOT}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|BRA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|CAN}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|GIB}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|IND}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|IOM}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|KEN}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|MAS}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|MYA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|NZ}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|PNG}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|SA}}
|-
|align=left|{{crw|SWE}}
|-
!Total || 59
|}

==Key==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1"
|+Key
| style="background:#cee0f2" |
| Hat-trick taken in a World Cup match
|-
| (b)
| [[Bowled]]
|-
| (c)
| [[Caught]]
|-
| (c b)
| [[Caught|Caught and bowled]]
|-
| (lbw)
| [[Leg before wicket]]
|-
| (st)
| [[Stumped]]
|-
| {{dagger}}
| [[Wicket-keeper]]
|-
! scope=row | Result
| [[Result (cricket)|Result]] for the team for which the hat-trick was taken
|}

== Hat-tricks ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" style="font-size: 95%"
|+Women's Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks<ref name=":0" />
!No.
!Bowler
!For
!Against
!Inn.
!class="unsortable"|Batters dismissed
!Venue
!Date
!Result
!class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Asmavia|Iqbal}}
|| {{crw|PAK}} || {{crw|ENG}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Sarah Taylor (cricketer)|Sarah Taylor]] (lbw)
* [[Arran Brindle]] (b)
* [[Danielle Wyatt]] (c sub)
|| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Haslegrave Ground]], [[Loughborough]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2012|09|5}} || Lost ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565845.html |title=Pakistan Women in England T20I Series – 2nd T20I: England Women v Pakistan Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#cee0f2"
|| 2
! scope="row" style="background:#cee0f2"| {{sortname|Ekta|Bisht}}
|| {{crw|IND}} || {{crw|SRI}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Dilani Manodara]] (c [[Nagarajan Niranjana]])
* [[Yasoda Mendis]] (c & b)
* [[Eshani Lokusuriyage]] (c [[Jhulan Goswami]])
|| {{flagicon|SL}} [[Nondescripts Cricket Club|Nondescripts Cricket Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || [[2012 ICC Women's World Twenty20#Sri Lanka v India|{{dts|format=dmy|2012|10|3}}]] || Won || <ref name="tt2">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/584772.html |title=ICC Women's World Twenty20 – Play-off: Sri Lanka Women v India Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Marizanne|Kapp}}
|| {{crw|ZAF}} || {{crw|BAN}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Rumana Ahmed]] (c †[[Trisha Chetty]])
* [[Ritu Moni]] (b)
* [[Fahima Khatun]] (b)
|| {{flagicon|SA}} [[Senwes Park]], [[Potchefstroom]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|14}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/664293.html |title=Bangladesh Women in South Africa T20I Series – 2nd T20I: South Africa Women v Bangladesh Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Natalie|Sciver}}
|| {{crw|ENG}} || {{crw|NZL}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Maddy Green]] (c [[Holly Colvin]])
* [[Erin Bermingham]] (b)
* [[Frances Mackay]] (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|BRB}} [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|10|22}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/630898.html |title=West Indies Tri-Nation Twenty20 Women's Series – 5th match: England Women v New Zealand Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sana|Mir}}
|| {{crw|PAK}} || {{crw|SRI}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Ama Kanchana]] (b)
* [[Maduri Samuddika]] (lbw)
* [[Inoka Ranaweera]] (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|ARE}} [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]] || [[Sri Lanka women's cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2014–15#2nd T20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2015|1|16}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/808869.html |title=Pakistan Women v Sri Lanka Women T20I Series – 2nd T20I: Pakistan Women v Sri Lanka Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|| 6
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anna|Peterson|dab=cricketer}}
|| {{crw|NZL}} || {{crw|AUS}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Jess Jonassen]] (c [[Katie Perkins]])
* [[Alyssa Healy]] (c [[Maddy Green]])
* [[Megan Schutt]] (c [[Suzie Bates]])
|| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Kardinia Park (stadium)|Kardinia Park]], [[Geelong]] || [[New Zealand women's cricket team in Australia in 2016–17#2nd WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2017|2|19}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1043991.html|title=New Zealand Women tour of Australia, 2nd T20I: Australia Women v New Zealand Women|publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|| 7
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Megan|Schutt}}
|| {{crw|AUS}} || {{crw|IND}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Smriti Mandhana]] (b)
* [[Mithali Raj]] (b)
* [[Deepti Sharma]] (c [[Amanda-Jade Wellington]])
|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]] || [[2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series#4th WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|26}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of AUS Women vs IND Women 4th match 2017/18 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ind-w-tri-series-2017-18-1131228/india-women-vs-australia-women-4th-match-1131238/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-07-04|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| 8
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Fahima|Khatun}}
|| {{crw|BAN}} || {{crw|UAE}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Udeni Dona]] (c [[Rumana Ahmed]])
* [[Esha Rohit]] (c [[Nahida Akter]])
* [[Kavisha Egodage]] (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Sportpark Maarschalkerweerd]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] || [[2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier#United Arab Emirates vs Bangladesh|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|7|10}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8666/scorecard/1147727/bangladesh-women-vs-united-arab-emirates-women-11th-match,-group-a-icc-world-wmn-t20-q-2018|title=2018 ICC Women's World T20 Qualifier, 11th T20I: Bangladesh Women v United Arab Emirates Women |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=10 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
|| 9
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Anisa|Mohammed}}1
|| {{crw|WIN}} || {{crw|SA}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Marizanne Kapp]] (st †[[Merissa Aguilleira]])
* [[Saarah Smith]] (b)
* [[Masabata Klaas]] (c [[Hayley Matthews]])
|| {{flagicon|TTO}} [[Brian Lara Cricket Academy|Brian Lara Stadium]], Tarouba || [[South Africa women's cricket team in the West Indies in 2018–19#2nd WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|9|28}}]] || Won || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of SA Women vs WI Women 2nd T20I 2018 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/rsa-w-in-wi-2018-1156209/west-indies-women-vs-south-africa-women-2nd-t20i-1156216/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-07-04|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#cee0f2"
|| 10
! scope="row" style="background:#cee0f2" |{{sortname|Anya|Shrubsole}}
|| {{crw|ENG}} || {{crw|SA}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Shabnim Ismail]] (b)
* [[Masabata Klaas]] (c [[Tammy Beaumont]])
* [[Yolani Fourie]] (b)
|| {{flagicon|LCA}} [[Darren Sammy Cricket Ground]], [[Gros Islet]] || [[2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20#South Africa vs England|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|11|16}}]] || Won || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of SA Women vs WI Women 2nd T20I 2018 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/rsa-w-in-wi-2018-1156209/west-indies-women-vs-south-africa-women-2nd-t20i-1156216/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-07-04|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| 11
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Chanida|Sutthiruang}}
|| {{crw|THA}} || {{crw|CHN}}
|| 1 ||
* Caiyun Zhou (b)
* [Zheng Lili (b)
* Huang Zhuo (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Terdthai Cricket Ground]], [[Bangkok]] || [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Asia#China vs Thailand|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|2|18}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19133/scorecard/1172910/thailand-women-vs-china-women-1st-match-icc-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-region-qualifier-2018-19|title=1st Match, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Region Qualifier at Bangkok, Feb 18 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 12
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Rubina|Belbashi}}
|| {{crw|NEP}} || {{crw|KUW}}
|| 2 ||
* Khadija Khalil (b)
* Madeeha Zuberi (b)
* Zeefa Jilani (b)
|| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Asian Institute of Technology Ground]], [[Bangkok]] || [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Asia#Nepal vs Kuwait|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|2|27}}]] || Won ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19133/scorecard/1172929/kuwait-women-vs-nepal-women-20th-match-icc-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-region-qualifier-2018-19|title=20th Match, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Region Qualifier at Bangkok, Feb 27 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=27 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 13
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Blessing|Etim|nolink=true}}
|| {{crw|NGA}} || {{crw|MOZ}}
|| 1 ||
* Rosalia Haiong (b)
* Palmira Cuinica (b)
* Olga Mondlane (c †Oyewole Oyronke)
|| {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]] || [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Africa#Mozambique vs Nigeria|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|5|6}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19212/scorecard/1182646/mozambique-women-vs-nigeria-women-group-a-icc-womens-t20-world-cup-africa-region-qualifier-2019|title=Group A, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier at Harare, May 6 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 14
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Concy|Aweko}} (1/2)
|| {{crw|UGA}} || {{crw|KEN}}
|| 2 ||
* Venasa Ooko (lbw)
* Esther Wachira (st †[[Kevin Awino]])
* Mercyline Ochieng (st †[[Kevin Awino]])
|| {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]] || [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Africa#Uganda vs Kenya|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|5|8}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19212/scorecard/1182652/kenya-women-vs-uganda-women-group-b-icc-womens-t20-world-cup-africa-region-qualifier-2019|title=Group B, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier at Harare, May 8 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 15
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Onnicha|Kamchomphu}} (1/2)
|| {{crw|THA}} || {{crw|IRE}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Laura Delany]] (c †[[Nannapat Koncharoenkai]])
* [[Eimear Richardson]] (c & b)
* [[Sophie MacMahon]] (b)
|| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Sportpark Het Schootsveld]], [[Deventer]] || [[2019 Netherlands Women's Quadrangular Series#Ireland vs Thailand|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|8|13}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19371/scorecard/1190752/ireland-women-vs-thailand-women-9th-match-womens-t20i-quadrangular-series-in-netherlands-2019|title=9th Match, Women's T20I Quadrangular Series (in Netherlands) at Deventer, Aug 13 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=13 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 16
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Kary|Chan}} (1/2)
|| {{crw|HKG}} || {{crw|CHN}}
|| 2 ||
* Huang Zhuo (c [[Mariko Hill]])
* Wu Juan (cricketer)|Wu Juan (b)
* Li Haoye (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Yeonhui Cricket Ground]], [[Incheon]] || [[2019 Women's Twenty20 East Asia Cup#Hong Kong vs China|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|9|19}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18055/scorecard/1197247/china-women-vs-hong-kong-women-2nd-match-womens-twenty20-east-asia-cup-2019|title=2nd Match, Women's Twenty20 East Asia Cup at Incheon, Sep 19 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=19 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 17
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Anjali|Chand}}
|| {{crw|NEP}} || {{crw|MDV}}
|| 1 ||
* Eashal Ibrahim (c [[Rubina Belbashi]])
* Kinaanath Ismail (st †[[Mamta Chaudhary]])
* Shamma Ali (b)
|| {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Pokhara Rangasala|Pokhara Stadium]], [[Pokhara]] || [[Cricket at the 2019 South Asian Games – Women's tournament#Maldives vs Nepal|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|12|2}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/1208800/scorecard/1208804/nepal-women-vs-maldives-women-1st-match-south-asian-games-womens-cricket-competition-2019-20|title=1st Match, South Asian Games Women's Cricket Competition at Pokhara, Dec 2 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| 18
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Anne|Bierwisch}}
|| {{crw|GER}} || {{crw|AUT}}
|| 1 ||
* Jo-Antoinette Stiglitz (c [[Christina Gough]])
* Priya Sabu (b)
* Sylvia Kailath (b)
|| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Seebarn Cricket Ground]], [[Lower Austria]] || [[German women's cricket team in Austria in 2020#3rd WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|8|13}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19890/scorecard/1229206/austria-women-vs-germany-women-3rd-t20i-germany-women-in-austria-2020|title=3rd T20I, Lower Austria, Aug 13 2020, Germany Women tour of Austria|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=13 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|| 19
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Anuradha|Doddaballapur}}
|| {{crw|GER}} || {{crw|AUT}}
|| 2 ||
* Jo-Antoinette Stiglitz (c [[Janet Ronalds]])
* Tugce Kazanci (b)
* Anisha Nookala (b)
* Priya Sabu (b)
|| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Seebarn Cricket Ground]], [[Lower Austria]] || [[German women's cricket team in Austria in 2020#4th WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|8|14}}]] || Won || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of GER Women vs Austria Wmn 4th T20I 2020 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/germany-women-in-austria-2020-1229202/austria-women-vs-germany-women-4th-t20i-1229207/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-07-04|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| 20
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Stafanie|Taylor}}
|| {{crw|WIN}} || {{crw|PAK}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Fatima Sana]] (lbw)
* [[Diana Baig]] (st [[Kycia Knight]])
* [[Anam Amin]] (b)
|| {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Sir Vivian Richards Stadium]], [[Antigua]] || [[Pakistan women's cricket team in the West Indies in 2021#3rd WT20I|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|4}}]] || Won || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of West Indies Women vs Pakistan Women 3rd WT20I 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-women-in-west-indies-2021-1267314/west-indies-women-vs-pakistan-women-3rd-t20i-1267324/full-scorecard|access-date= 4 July 2021|website=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| 21
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Shameelah|Mosweu|nolink=true}}
|| {{crw|BOT}} || {{crw|MOZ}}
|| 2 ||
* Tania Chiracheque (b)
* Alcinda Cossa (b)
* Rosalia Haiong (b)
* Isabel Chuma (b)
|| {{flagicon|BOT}} [[Botswana Cricket Association Oval]], [[Gaborone]] || [[2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier#Group stage|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|10}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-africa-region-qualifier-2021-1275087/botswana-women-vs-mozambique-women-7th-match-group-a-1275110/full-scorecard|title=7th Match, Group A, Gaborone (Oval 1), Sep 10 2021, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| 22
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Concy|Aweko}} (2/2)
|| {{crw|UGA}} || {{crw|CMR}}
|| 2 ||
* [[Maeva Douma]] (c [[Prosscovia Alako]])
* [[Michele Ekani]] (b)
* [[Marguerite Bessala]] (c [[Janet Mbabazi]])
|| {{flagicon|BOT}} [[Botswana Cricket Association Oval]], [[Gaborone]] || [[2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier#Group stage|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|12}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-africa-region-qualifier-2021-1275087/cameroon-women-vs-uganda-women-6th-match-group-b-1275109/full-scorecard|title=6th Match, Group B, Gaborone (Oval 2), Sep 12 2021, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| 23
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Laura|Cardoso|dab=cricketer}}
|| {{crw|BRA}} || {{crw|CAN}}
|| 2 ||
* Hala Azmat (b)
* Hiba Shamshad (b)
* Sana Zafar (c [[Roberta Moretti Avery]])
|| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Reforma AC|Reforma Athletic Club]], [[Naucalpan]] || [[2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|10|25}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-americas-qualifier-2021-22-1282922/brazil-women-vs-canada-women-11th-match-1282937/full-scorecard|title=11th Match, Naucalpan, Oct 25 2021, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Region Qualifier|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=25 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| 24
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Lavanya|Keny}}
|| {{crw|UAE}} || {{crw|SAU}}
|| 1 ||
* Emaan Ejaz (b)
* Simrah Mirza (st †[[Theertha Satish]])
* Khazaima (c [[Vaishnave Mahesh]])
|| {{flagicon|OMA}} [[Oman Cricket Academy Ground|Oman Cricket Academy Ground Turf 2]], [[Muscat]] || [[2022 GCC Women's Gulf Cup|{{dts|format=dmy|2022|3|24}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/gcc-women-s-twenty20-championship-cup-2021-22-1306377/saudi-arabia-women-vs-united-arab-emirates-women-11th-match-1306393/full-scorecard|title=11th Match, Al Amerat, Mar 24 2022, GCC Women's Championship Cup|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=24 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|| 25
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Lillian|Udeh|nolink=true}}
|| {{crw|NGA}} || {{crw|GHA}}
|| 1 ||
* Miriam Eshun (b)
* Rhyda Ofori (lbw)
* Rozabel Asumadu (c b)
|| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Tafawa Balewa Square Cricket Oval]], [[Lagos]] || [[2022 Nigeria Invitational Women's T20I Tournament|{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|1}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nigeria-cricket-federation-women-s-t20i-tournament-2021-22-1307855/nigeria-women-vs-ghana-women-7th-match-1307908/full-scorecard|title=7th Match, Lagos, Apr 1 2022, Nigeria Cricket Federation Women's T20I Tournament|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=1 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|| 26
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Nomvelo|Sibanda}}
|| {{crw|ZIM}} || {{crw|NAM}}
|| 1 ||
* [[Jurriene Diergaardt]] (b)
* [[Kayleen Green]] (b)
* [[Sune Wittmann]] (c [[Modester Mupachikwa]])
|| {{flagicon|NAM}} [[Trans Namib Ground]], [[Windhoek]] || [[2022 Capricorn Women's Tri-Series|{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|26}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/capricorn-women-s-tri-series-2022-1310881/namibia-women-vs-zimbabwe-women-final-1310896/full-scorecard|title=Final, Windhoek, April 26, 2022, Capricorn Women's Tri-Series|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=26 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|| 27
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Mary|Mwangi|nolink=true}}
|| {{crw|KEN}} || {{crw|BOT}}
|| 2 ||
* Goabilwe Matome (lbw)
* Tuelo Shadrack (lbw)
* Oratile Kgeresi (b)
|| {{flagicon|RWA}} [[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]] || [[2022 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament|{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|9}}]] || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/kwibuka-women-s-twenty20-tournament-2022-1318365/botswana-women-vs-kenya-women-2nd-match-1318374/full-scorecard|title=2nd Match, Kigali, June 09, 2022, Kwibuka Women's Twenty20 Tournament|website=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=9 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
|28
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Hollan|Doriga}}
| {{crw|PNG}} || {{crw|FIJ}}
|| 2 ||
* Ateca Kainoco (b)
* Maeavhanisi Erasito (c [[Vicky Araa]])
* Melaia Biu (lbw)
|| {{flagicon|Vanuatu}} Ground 2, [[Independence Park, Port Vila|Independence Park]], [[Port Vila]]
|[[2022 Women's T20I Pacific Cup|3 October 2022]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of PNG Wmn vs Fiji Women 2nd Match 2022/23 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-pacific-cup-2022-23-1336959/fiji-women-vs-papua-new-guinea-women-2nd-match-1336968/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|29
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Fariha|Trisna}} (1/2)
|{{crw|Bangladesh}}
|{{crw|Malaysia}}
|2
|
* [[Winifred Duraisingam|Winifred Duraisingham]] (b)
* [[Mas Elysa]] (lbw)
* [[Mahirah Izzati Ismail]] (b)
|{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium]], [[Sylhet]]
|[[2022 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|6 October 2022]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Bdesh Wmn vs Mal Women 11th Match 2022/23 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-asia-cup-2022-23-1335753/bangladesh-women-vs-malaysia-women-11th-match-1335795/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|30
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Heather|Graham|dab=cricketer}}
|{{crw|AUS}}
|{{crw|IND}}
|2
|
* [[Devika Vaidya]] (st †[[Beth Mooney]])
* [[Radha Yadav]] (b)
* [[Renuka Singh (cricketer)|Renuka Singh]] (b)
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|[[Australia women's cricket team in India in 2022–23|20 December 2022]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 5th T20I 2022/23 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-women-in-india-2022-23-1345422/india-women-vs-australia-women-5th-t20i-1345428/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|31
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Henriette|Ishimwe}}
|{{crw|RWA}}
|{{crw|GHA}}
|2
|
* Rozabel Asumadu (b)
* Ivy Yeboah (b)
* Emmanuella Nyaaba (b)
|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Tafawa Balewa Square]], [[Lagos]]
|[[2023 Nigeria Invitational Women's T20I Tournament#Fixtures|27 March 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Women vs Ghana Women Scorecard 2022/23 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nigeria-cricket-federation-women-s-t20i-tournament-2022-23-1365301/ghana-women-vs-rwanda-women-2nd-match-1365310/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|32
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Audrey|Mazvishaya}}
|{{crw|ZIM}}
|{{crw|THA}}
|2
|
* [[Rosenan Kanoh]] (c [[Josephine Nkomo]])
* [[Suleeporn Laomi]] (b)
* [[Onnicha Kamchomphu]] (st †[[Pellagia Mujaji]])
|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Terdthai Cricket Ground]], [[Bangkok]]
|[[Zimbabwe women's cricket team in Thailand in 2022–23#Fixtures|25 April 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st T20I, Bangkok, April 25, 2023, Zimbabwe Women tour of Thailand |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/zimbabwe-women-in-thailand-2023-1365307/thailand-women-vs-zimbabwe-women-1st-t20i-1365321/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|33
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Khushi|Sharma}}
|{{crw|UAE}}
|{{crw|UGA}}
|2
|
* [[Stephani Nampiina]] (b)
* Phiona Kulume (b)
* Evelyn Anyipo (b)
|{{flagicon|Namibia}} [[United Ground]], [[Windhoek]]
|[[2023 Capricorn Women's Quadrangular Series#Fixtures|25 April 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=2nd Match, Windhoek, April 25, 2023, Women's T20 Quadrangular Series (in Namibia)| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-quadrangular-series-in-namibia-2023-1370895/uganda-women-vs-united-arab-emirates-women-2nd-match-1370902/full-scorecard|access-date=2023-04-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|34
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Hayley|Matthews}}
|{{crw|WIN}}
|{{crw|IRE}}
|1
|
* [[Rebecca Stokell]] (b)
* [[Arlene Kelly]] (c [[Afy Fletcher]])
* [[Ava Canning]] (b)
|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[Daren Sammy Cricket Ground]], [[Gros Islet]]
|[[Ireland women's cricket team in the West Indies in 2023#T20I series|08 July 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=3rd T20I (D/N), Gros Islet, July 08, 2023, Ireland Women tour of West Indies| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ireland-women-in-west-indies-2023-1378179/west-indies-women-vs-ireland-women-3rd-t20i-1378196/full-scorecard|access-date=2023-07-08 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|35
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Thipatcha|Putthawong}}
|{{crw|THA}}
|{{crw|NED}}
|1
|
* Phebe Molkenboer (b)
* [[Mikkie Zwilling]] (b)
* [[Hannah Landheer]] (b)
* [[Caroline de Lange ]] (b)
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Sportpark Maarschalkerweerd]], [[Utrecht]]
|[[2023 Netherlands Women's Tri-Nation Series#Tri-Nation T20I series|14 July 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=5th Match, Utrecht, July 14, 2023, Thailand Women tour of Netherlands| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/thailand-women-in-netherlands-2023-1384539/netherlands-women-vs-thailand-women-5th-match-1384549/full-scorecard|access-date=2023-07-14 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|36
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Kary|Chan}} (2/2)
|{{crw|HK}}
|{{crw|JPN}}
|1
|
* Meg Ogawa (b)
* Shrunali Ranade (b)
* Nonoha Yasumoto (c † Hiu Ying Cheung)
|{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong Cricket Club]], [[Wong Nai Chung Gap]]
|[[2023 Hong Kong Women's Quadrangular Series#Japan vs Hong Kong|15 November 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=2nd Match, Wong Nai, November 15 2023, Women's T20I Quadrangular Series (In Hong Kong) |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-quadrangular-series-in-hong-kong-2023-24-1407858/hong-kong-women-vs-japan-women-2nd-match-1407869/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|37
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Iqra|Sahar|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|HK}}
|{{crw|NEP}}
|1
|
* [[Samjhana Khadka]] (st † Hiu Ying Cheung)
* [[Kajal Shrestha]] (c † Hiu Ying Cheung)
* [[Indu Barma]] (b)
|{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong Cricket Club]], [[Wong Nai Chung Gap]]
|[[2023 Hong Kong Women's Quadrangular Series#Nepal vs Hong Kong|16 November 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=4th Match, Wong Nai, November 16 2023, Women's T20I Quadrangular Series (In Hong Kong) |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-quadrangular-series-in-hong-kong-2023-24-1407858/hong-kong-women-vs-nepal-women-4tn-match-1407867/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|38
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Precious|Marange}}
|{{crw|ZIM}}
|{{crw|UGA}}
|1
|
* [[Concy Aweko]] (lbw)
* Irene Alumo (c †[[Chiedza Dhururu]])
* Evelyn Anyipo (c †[[Chiedza Dhururu]])
|{{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Entebbe Cricket Oval]], [[Entebbe]]
|[[2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier#Division One|17 December 2023]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final, Entebbe, December 17, 2023, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-africa-region-qualifier-2023-24-1411252/uganda-women-vs-zimbabwe-women-final-1411276/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|39
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Ahilya|Chandel|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|JPN}}
|{{crw|CHN}}
|2
|
* [[Han Lili]] (c Haruna Iwasaki)
* Mengting Liu (b)
* Xu Qian (b)
* Yang Yu Xuan (lbw)
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Royal Selangor Club]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|[[2024 ACC Women's Premier Cup|11 February 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=14th Match, Group B, Kuala Lumpur, February 11, 2024, Asian Cricket Council Women's Premier Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-premier-cup-2023-24-1419888/china-women-vs-japan-women-14th-match-group-b-1419919/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|40
! scope="row" |{{Sortname||Mahirah Izzati Ismail}}
|{{crw|MAS}}
|{{crw|BHR}}
|2
|
* Pavithra Shetty (lbw)
* Durriya Malik (st [[Aina Najwa]])
* Sana Butt (lbw)
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Bayuemas Oval]], [[Pandamaran]]
|[[2024 ACC Women's Premier Cup|13 February 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |title=19th Match, Group C, Kuala Lumpur, February 13, 2024, Asian Cricket Council Women's Premier Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-premier-cup-2023-24-1419888/malaysia-women-vs-bahrain-women-19th-match-group-c-1419924/full-scorecard |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|41
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Heena|Hotchandani}}
|{{crw|UAE}}
|{{crw|IDN}}
|2
|
* Ni Luh Dewi (lbw)
* Maria Corazon (b)
* Mia Arda (lbw)
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[UKM-YSD Cricket Oval]], [[Bangi, Selangor|Bangi]]
|[[2024 ACC Women's Premier Cup|14 February 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd quarter final, Bangi, February 14, 2024, Asian Cricket Council Women's Premier Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-premier-cup-2023-24-1419888/malaysia-women-vs-japan-women-3rd-quarter-final-1419932/full-scorecard |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|42
! scope="row" |{{Sortname|Sita|Rana Magar}}
|{{crw|NEP}}
|{{crw|KUW}}
|1
|
* Priyada Murali (lbw)
* [[Maryam Omar]] (st †[[Kajal Shrestha]])
* [[Amna Sharif Tariq|Amna Tariq]] (lbw)
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[UKM-YSD Cricket Oval]], [[Bangi, Selangor|Bangi]]
|[[2024 ACC Women's Premier Cup|14 February 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |title=4th quarter final, Bangi, February 14, 2024, Asian Cricket Council Women's Premier Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-premier-cup-2023-24-1419888/kuwait-women-vs-nepal-women-4th-quarter-final-1419933/full-scorecard |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|43
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Fariha|Trisna}} (2/2)
|{{crw|Bangladesh}}
|{{crw|AUS}}
|1
|
* [[Ellyse Perry]] (c [[Shorna Akter]])
* [[Sophie Molineux]] (c [[Murshida Khatun]])
* [[Beth Mooney]] (b)
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]]
|[[Australia women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023–24|2 April 2024]]
|Lost
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-women-vs-australia-women-2023-24-1425056/bangladesh-women-vs-australia-women-2nd-t20i-1425065/full-scorecard |title=2nd T20I, Mirpur, April 02, 2024, Australia Women tour of Bangladesh |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|44
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Andrea-Mae|Zepeda}}
|{{crw|AUT}}
|{{crw|DEN}}
|2
|
* Maria Karlsen (c †Emma Kirkman)
* Kathrine Brock-Nielsen (c †Emma Kirkman)
* Luise Christensen (c †Emma Kirkman)
|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Seebarn Cricket Ground]], [[Lower Austria]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2024#Denmark women in Austria|4 May 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austria-women-vs-demark-women-2024-1432180/austria-women-vs-denmark-women-1st-t20i-1432185/full-scorecard |title=1st T20I, Lower Austria, May 04, 2024, Demark Women tour of Austria |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|45
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Joanne|Hicks|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|IOM}}
|{{crw|MLT}}
|1
|
* Likitha Yadav (c & b)
* Stella Arooja (c Clare Crowe)
* Thambi Saraba (c Lucy Barnett)
|{{flagicon|Malta}} [[Marsa Sports Club]], [[Marsa, Malta|Marsa]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2024#Isle of Man women in Malta|18 August 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/isle-of-man-women-in-malta-2024-1447534/malta-women-vs-isle-of-man-women-2nd-t20i-1447541/full-scorecard |title=2nd T20I, Marsa, August 18, 2024, Isle of Man Women tour of Malta |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|46
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Zar|Win|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|MYA}}
|{{crw|SIN}}
|2
|
* Laasya Bommareddy (b)
* Roshni Seth (b)
* Piumi Gurusinghe (lbw)
|{{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore National Cricket Ground, [[Singapore]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2024–25#2024 Women's Merlion Trophy|27 October 2024]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/singapore-women-s-t20i-tri-series-2024-25-1456118/singapore-women-vs-myanmar-women-7th-match-1456127/full-scorecard |title=MYA Women vs SGP Women, 7th Match at Singapore, T20I Tri-Series, Oct 27 2024 - Full Scorecard |access-date=27 October 2024|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|47
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Selina|Solman}}
|{{crw|VAN}}
|{{crw|FRA}}
|1
|
* Nellie Qaeze (b)
* Rose Siwa (b)
* Nasheng Ihmeling (c & b)
|{{flagicon|New Caledonia}} N'Du Stadium, [[Nouméa]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2024–25#2025 Pacific-France Women's T20I Championship|11 March 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-pacific-france-women-championship-2024-25-1474418/france-women-vs-vanuatu-women-2nd-match-1474424/full-scorecard |title=2nd Match, Noumea, March 11, 2025, The Pacific-France Women Championship |access-date=11 March 2025|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|48
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Florence|Tanguy}}
|{{crw|JER}}
|{{crw|IOM}}
|1
|
* Sam Hassall (c [[Grace Wetherall]])
* Rebecca Webster (lbw)
* Rachel Overman (b)
|{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Happy Valley Ground|Happy Valley Ground 2]], [[Episkopi, Limassol|Episkopi]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2024–25#2025 Cyprus Women's Quadrangular Tournament|19 April 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |title=5th Match, Episkopi, April 19, 2025, Women's T20 Quadrangular Series (in Cyprus)|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-quadrangular-series-in-cyprus-2025-1478401/isle-of-man-women-vs-jersey-women-5th-match-1478418/full-scorecard|access-date=19 April 2025|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|49
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Onnicha|Kamchomphu}} (2/2)
|{{crw|THA}}
|{{crw|NEP}}
|2
|
* [[Roma Thapa]] (lbw)
* Ishwori Bist (b)
* Riya Sharma (lbw)
|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Terdthai Cricket Ground]], [[Bangkok]]
|[[2025 Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier#Super Three|20 May 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-asia-region-qualifier-2025-1483752/thailand-women-vs-nepal-women-super-three-1485778/full-scorecard |title=THA Women vs NEP Women, Super Three at Bangkok, ICC WT20 WC Asia, May 20 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|50
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Chloe|Greechan}}
|{{crw|JER}}
|{{crw|SWE}}
|1
|
* Zara Mohammad (st Mia Maguire)
* Gaya Jayaweera (c [[Grace Wetherall]])
* Hareer Chamto (c Annabel Mossop)
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Simar Cricket Ground]], [[Rome]]
| rowspan="2" |[[2025 Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier#Division Two|29 May 2025]]
|Lost
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="29 May">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-world-cup-europe-division-2-qualifier-2025-1486081/jersey-women-vs-sweden-women-14th-match-1486101/full-scorecard |title=14th Match, Rome, May 29, 2025, ICC Women's T20 World Cup Europe Division 2 Qualifier |access-date=29 May 2025|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|51
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Gaya|Jayaweera|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|SWE}}
|{{crw|JER}}
|2
|
* Annabel Mossop (c Kanchan Rana)
* [[Nia Greig]] (c Anya Vaidya)
* Kate Follain (b)
|Won
|-
|52
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Erika|Toguchi-Quinn|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|JPN}}
|{{crw|PHI}}
|2
|
* Reyven Castillo (st Hinase Goto)
* Ashley Miranda (b)
* Jessica Medianesca (c Ayaka Kato-Stafford)
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Sano International Cricket Ground]], [[Sano, Tochigi|Sano]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2025#2025 Women's Sano City International Trophy|7 June 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-pentangular-series-in-japan-2025-1485391/japan-women-vs-philippines-women-9th-match-1485412/full-scorecard |title=JPN Women vs PHI Women, 9th Match at Sano, WT20 PENTAs (in JAP), Jun 07 2025 |access-date=7 June 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|53
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Helen|Mumford|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|GIB}}
|{{crw|EST}}
|2
|
* Liina Sormus (c Nikki Caruana)
* Chamali Lokuge (c Noelle Laguea)
* Asma Shifa (lbw)
|{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonian National Cricket and Rugby Field]], [[Tallinn|Estonia]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2025#Gibraltar women in Estonia|3 August 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/gibraltar-women-in-estonia-2025-1496807/estonia-women-vs-gibraltar-women-3rd-t20i-1496811/full-scorecard |title=GIB Women vs EST Women, 3rd T20I at Tallinn, Aug 03 2025 |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|54
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Rachel|Andrew|dab=cricketer|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|VAN}}
|{{crw|IDN}}
|2
|
* Ni Luh Dewi Wesika (b)
* Dara Paramitha (b)
* Ni Putri Suwandewi (lbw)
|{{flagicon|Fiji}} [[Albert Park (Suva)|Albert Park Ground 1]], [[Suva]]
|[[2025 Women's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier#Group B|9 September 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wt20-world-cup-east-asia-pacific-qualifier-2025-1499770/indonesia-women-vs-vanuatu-women-3rd-match-group-b-1499786/full-scorecard |title=IDN Women vs VAN Women, 3rd Match, Group B at Suva, Sep 09 2025 |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|55
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Samaira|Dharnidharka}} (1/2)
|{{crw|UAE}}
|{{crw|ZIM}}
|2
|
* [[Nyasha Gwanzura]] (b)
* [[Modester Mupachikwa]] (lbw)
* [[Loreen Tshuma]] (b)
|{{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
|[[United Arab Emirates women's cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2025–26#1st T20I|5 October 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/united-arab-emirates-women-in-zimbabwe-2025-26-1503557/zimbabwe-women-vs-united-arab-emirates-women-1st-t20i-1503565/full-scorecard |title=UAE Women vs ZIM Women, 1st T20I at Bulawayo, ZIM-W vs UAE-W, Oct 05 2025 - Full Scorecard |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|56
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Achini|Perera|nolink=true}}
|{{crw|CAN}}
|{{crw|TAN}}
|2
|
* Perice Kamunya (lbw)
* Saumu Hussein (b)
* Sophia Jerome (c †Habeeba Bader)
|{{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Gymkhana Club Ground, Dar-es-Salaam|Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Dar es Salaam]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2025–26#Canada women in Tanzania|5 November 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/canada-women-in-tanzania-2025-26-1506660/tanzania-women-vs-canada-women-3rd-t20i-1506671/full-scorecard |title=CAN Women vs TAN Women, 3rd T20I at Dar-es-Salaam, TAN-W vs CAN-W, Nov 05 2025 |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|57
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Sunida|Chaturongrattana}}
|{{crw|THA}}
|{{crw|SIN}}
|2
|
* Haresh Dhavina (lbw)
* Jenissa Jain (lbw)
* Pushpa Murali (b)
|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Terdthai Cricket Ground]], [[Bangkok]]
|[[Cricket at the 2025 SEA Games – Women's tournament#T20 event|16 December 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sea-games-women-s-t20-cricket-competition-2025-26-1513749/thailand-women-vs-singapore-women-4th-match-group-a-1513758/full-scorecard |title=THA Women vs SGP Women, 4th Match, Group A at Bangkok, Dec 16 2025 - Full Scorecard |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|58
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Samaira|Dharnidharka}} (2/2)
|{{crw|UAE}}
|{{crw|BHR}}
|2
|
* Sadamali Bhakshala (c †Theertha Satish)
* Sudeshika Ranawaka (c Michelle Botha)
* Reshel D'Souza (lbw)
|{{flagicon|OMA}} [[Oman Cricket Academy Ground|Oman Cricket Academy Ground Turf 1]], [[Muscat]]
|[[2025 GCC Women's Gulf Cup|18 December 2025]]
|Won
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/gulf-cricket-women-s-t20i-championship-2025-26-1514503/bahrain-women-vs-united-arab-emirates-women-14th-match-1514527/full-scorecard |title=UAE Women vs BHR Women, 14th Match at Al Amarat, Gulf Women's T20I, Dec 18 2025 - Full Scorecard |access-date=18 December 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|| 59
! scope="row" |{{sortname|Marie|Bimenyimana}}
|{{crw|RWA}}
|{{crw|NGA}}
|| 1 ||
* Adeshola Adekunle (b)
* Usen Peace (b)
* Annointed Akhigbe (b)
|| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Tafawa Balewa Square Cricket Oval]], [[Lagos]]
|[[Associate international cricket in 2025–26#2026 Patricia Kambarami Cup|{{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|28}}]]
| Lost
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nigeria-invitational-women-s-t20i-tournament-2025-26-1526687/nigeria-women-vs-rwanda-women-final-1528293/full-scorecard |title=Final, Lagos, March 28, 2026, Nigeria Invitational Women's T20I Tournament |access-date=28 March 2026 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of women's international cricket hat-tricks]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks]]
* [[Women's Twenty20 International]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cricket records}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks}}
[[Category:Women's cricket-related lists]]
[[Category:Women's Twenty20 International cricket records and statistics|Hattricks]]
[[Category:Hat-trick takers|Women's Twenty20]]

Brij Bihari Pandey

2026-03-28T12:26:17Z

Associatedin21: New a stub...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Brij Bihari Pandey
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|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
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'''Brij Bihari Pandey''' is an Indian politician known for being most close associate of [[Vinod Mishra]] who founded [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]. He is a [[Central Committee]] member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2006/October/doling_death.htm|title=Doling Out Death}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Neha Unnikrishnan |url=https://talkativefox.com/neha-unnikrishnan/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-28/patna/27859802_1_mahendra-prasad-singh-ram-naresh-ram-k-d-yadav | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701152116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-28/patna/27859802_1_mahendra-prasad-singh-ram-naresh-ram-k-d-yadav | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-07-01 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=CPI-ML leaders seem satisfied with 7 seats | date=2005-02-28}}</ref> He was a childhood friend of the founder and leader of the party, [[Vinod Mishra]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage13.htm |title=With Vinod, Since My Childhood |publisher=cpiml.org |access-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613031158/http://cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage13.htm |archive-date=2010-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He edited the publication ''Lokyuddh'' along with Narendra Sah. He is currently the Chairperson of the Central Control Commission of the Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2008/december/obituary_1.html|title=Comrade Ashok's Revolutionary Journey}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2012/jan_2012/special_report.html Rural Poor Turn Out in Massive CPI(ML) Rally at Patna]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Brij Bihari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of educational institutions in Krishnagiri district

2026-03-24T20:03:15Z

Associatedin21: formatting fix

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:BargurEng.jpg|thumb|Government Engineering College, Bargur]]
This is a list of the schools and colleges in [[Krishnagiri]] district.

* Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Our College |url=https://adhiyamaan.ac.in/ace/aboutus.php |publisher=Adhiyamaan College of Engineering |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251028235126/https://adhiyamaan.ac.in/ace/aboutus.php |archive-date=28 October 2025}}</ref>
* [[Government College of Engineering, Bargur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Lists of schools in Tamil Nadu|Krishnagiri]]
[[Category:Krishnagiri district]]

Biju Patnaik Airport

2026-03-19T11:24:47Z

Associatedin21: added info

{{short description|Airport in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India}}
{{Redirect|BBI Airport|the German airport formerly abbreviated/titled as BBI (Berlin Brandenburg International)|Berlin Brandenburg Airport}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Biju Patnaik Airport
| image = BBI-T1 (2).jpg
| image2 = File:2025-01-21-00 00 2025-01-21-23 59 Sentinel-2 L2A True color.jpg
| caption2 = Satellite image of the airport
| IATA = BBI
| ICAO = VEBS
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator =
| owner-oper = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| location = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| opened = {{start date and age|1962|04|17|df=y|p=n|br=n}}
| hub = [[IndiaOne Air]], [[IndiGo]]
| focus_city =
| metric-elev = yes
| elevation-m = 42
| elevation-f = 138
| coordinates = {{coord|20|14|40|N|085|49|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label = '''BBI'''
| website = [https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Airport]
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 14/32
| r1-length-m = 2743
| r1-length-f = 9000
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = April 2024 – March 2025
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 4,838,751 ({{increase}} 5.2%)
| stat3-header = Aircraft movements
| stat3-data = 37,205 ({{increase}} 5.2%)
| stat4-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat4-data = 9,086 ({{decrease}} 7.9%)
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="AAI2">{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="AAI4">{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref>
| nativename = 
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airport in Odisha
}}

'''Biju Patnaik Airport''' {{Airport codes|BBI|VEBS}} is an [[international airport]] serving [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital city of [[Odisha]], [[India]]. It is situated around {{convert|4|km}} south-west of [[Bhubaneswar Railway Station]] and {{convert|6|km}} from the city center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aera.gov.in/content/airports/bhubaneswar-airport.php |title=Bhubaneswar Airport |work=[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Airport Economic Regulatory Authority]] |access-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129010802/http://aera.gov.in/content/airports/bhubaneswar-airport.php |archive-date=29 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Named after [[Biju Patnaik]], the former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], famed aviator and freedom fighter, it is the [[List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic|15th busiest airport in India]] and the 11th busiest among the airports maintained by the [[Airports Authority of India]]. It is the 19th busiest airport in India in terms of cargo traffic. In the fiscal year 2024–25, it handled over 4.8 million passengers and around 9.1 thousand metric [[tonnes]] of cargo.<ref name="AAI3"/><ref name="AAI4"/>

==History==
The airport was dedicated to the people of [[Odisha]] on 17 April 1962, becoming the first ever commercial airport in the state. The airport boasts two active scheduled passenger terminals, Terminals 1 and 2, for domestic and international passengers respectively.

In March 2013, the former [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]], [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]], inaugurated Terminal 1, which caters to domestic passengers, whereas Terminal 2 was then refurbished to handle international operations.<ref name="newterminalbs">{{cite news|title=New terminal at Bhubaneswar airport starts operations|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/new-terminal-at-bhubaneswar-airport-starts-operations-113031400359_1.html|access-date=17 March 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231810/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/new-terminal-at-bhubaneswar-airport-starts-operations-113031400359_1.html|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 October 2013, the [[Government of India]] accorded international status to the airport after [[Air India]] started flights to [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Bangkok]] and [[AirAsia]] started flights to Kuala Lumpur.<ref>{{cite news|title=Centre accords international tag to Bhubaneswar airport|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Centre-accords-international-tag-to-Bhubaneswar-airport/articleshow/24959224.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 October 2013|access-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000543/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-31/bhubaneswar/43558773_1_new-domestic-terminal-bhubaneswar-airport-international-terminal|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bhubaneswar-bangkok-direct-flight-from-december-10-4968974/|title=Air India to commence Bhubaneswar to Bangkok direct flights from December 10|work=Indian Express|access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/airasia-starts-operations-on-kuala-lumpur-bhubaneswar-route-1686576|title=AirAsia starts Operations on Kuala Lumpur-Bhubaneswar Route|website=www.ntvprofit.com|date=27 April 2017 |access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref> However, these routes were terminated later due to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha/air-india-suspends-bhubaneswar-bangkok-flight-service-308914|title=Air India Suspends Bhubaneswar to Bangkok Flight Service|website=[[Odisha TV]]|access-date=17 July 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722200257/http://odishatv.in/odisha/air-india-suspends-bhubaneswar-bangkok-flight-service-308914|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2013, the airport management took a significant step towards sustainability by launching a green energy initiative with the installation of a 100KW rooftop solar power plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/biju-patnaik-airport-turns-to-solar-power-for-energy-needs/articleshow/22244605.cms|title=Biju Patnaik airport turns to solar power for energy needs|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 September 2023|accessdate=3 September 2023}}</ref>

In June 2022, the addition of eight new apron bays increased the total number of bays to 24, making it the largest apron facility in Eastern India. This upgrade supports remote parking and night operations, and paved the way for Terminal  3 development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/work-on-8-more-apron-bays-at-city-airport-ends/articleshow/92068962.cms|title=Work on 8 more apron bays at the city airport ends|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 June 2022 |accessdate=8 June 2022}}</ref>

In May 2023, the airport opened a 4MW ground‑mounted solar power plant, making Biju Patnaik International Airport the first fully solar-powered airport in India, operating entirely on renewable energy.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Raj, Amulya|title=Bhubaneswar's Biju Patnaik International Airport Becomes Self-Sustainable, Installs 4 MP Solar Power Plant|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/bhubaneswars-biju-patnaik-international-airport-becomes-self-sustainable-installs-4-mp-solar-power-plant/ar-AA1aQBrr|work=[[Zee News]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=9 May 2023}}</ref> International operations resumed from Bhubaneswar in May 2023 after [[IndiGo]] started direct flights to [[Bangkok]], [[Dubai]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230403-6ebbi|title=Indigo Adds Bhubaneswar – Dubai From May 2023 |work=Aeroroutes|accessdate=3 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="exp">{{cite web|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/economy-infra/aviation/news-indigo-adds-flights-to-singapore-bangkok-after-go-first-cancels-flights-interglobe-aviation-share-price-on-bse-nse-233237|title=IndiGo strengthens connectivity to Southeast Asia, adds flights connecting Singapore, Bangkok|work=Zee Business|date=3 May 2023 |accessdate=3 May 2023}}</ref>

In February 2024, a new link building was inaugurated to connect Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, allowing international passengers seamless access to passenger boarding bridges in the Terminal 1.<ref name="link">{{cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Airport Update: Odisha's Biju Patnaik International Airport unveils new terminal link building to enhance passenger connectivity |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-bhubaneswar-airport-update-odishas-biju-patnaik-international-airport-unveils-new-terminal-link-buildingnbspto-enhance-passenger-connectivity-3387699/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|date=8 February 2024|access-date=8 February 2024}}</ref>

==Terminals==
Biju Patnaik International Airport is a key civil aviation hub in Eastern India. It houses two active passenger terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, along with a dedicated International Cargo Terminal to support freight operations.

===Terminal 1===
[[File:Biju Patnaik International Airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal 1 building as seen from the airside]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 250
| perrow = 1
| image1 = Sand Art of Lord Jagannath at the Bhubaneswar Airport, Odisha.jpg
| alt1 = Sand Art of Lord Jagannath
| image2 = Masks at BBI Airport.png
| alt2 = Raghurajpur Masks
| image3 = Bhubaneswar Airport Painting 2.jpg
| alt3 = Nataraja Mural
| footer = [[Arts of Odisha]] in Terminal 1: [[Sand art and play|Sand Art]] of [[Jagannath|Lord Jagannath]] by [[Sudarsan Pattnaik]] (top), Masks of [[Raghurajpur]] (middle), and Mural of [[Nataraja]] (bottom)
}}
Terminal 1, inaugurated in March 2013, is a modern and efficient domestic gateway, originally built in 2013 with capacity for ~4 million annual passengers to cater the full spectrum of domestic passenger traffic for the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lanco Infratech bags Rs 92 cr order from AAI|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/lanco-infratech-bags-rs-92-cr-order-from-aai-110060400202_1.html|access-date=30 December 2013|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=4 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235519/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/lanco-infratech-bags-rs-92-cr-order-from-aai-110060400202_1.html|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newterminalbs"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=International airport to take off by June|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/International-airport-to-take-off-by-June/articleshow/18804322.cms|access-date=5 March 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924202711/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/International-airport-to-take-off-by-June/articleshow/18804322.cms|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Terminal 1, a two-storied building with a total area of {{convert|18240|sqm|sqft}} constructed at an estimated cost of {{INR}} 1.45 billion by [[Lanco Infratech]], consists of four [[Jet bridge|aerobridges]], four elevators, several escalators, 18 check-in counters, three arrival luggage conveyors, a spa, and multiple lounges.<ref name="newterminalbs" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Barik|first=Bibhuti|title=Airport work speeds up – Capital set for take-off in style|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110624/jsp/orissa/story_14152627.jsp|access-date=17 March 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=24 June 2011|location=Calcutta, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801070511/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110624/jsp/orissa/story_14152627.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The terminal building is designed with green building standards, featuring rainwater harvesting, sewage treatment, and Odisha-inspired artwork and décor along internal walls, giving travellers cultural insight into the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=New terminal at Bhubaneswar airport thrown open|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/New-terminal-at-Bhubaneswar-airport-thrown-open/articleshow/18824943.cms|access-date=17 March 2013|date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308010939/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-06/bhubaneswar/37499050_1_bhubaneswar-airport-biju-patnaik-airport-wall-facade|archive-date=8 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The new terminal also has food kiosks, gift shops, bookstores, art galleries and handloom/handicraft kiosks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramanath V|first=Riyan|title=Plans to provide spa facilities at airport|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Plans-to-provide-spa-facilities-at-airport/articleshow/18343521.cms|access-date=18 March 2013|date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235141/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-05/bhubaneswar/36763902_1_duty-free-shops-jewellery-shop-spa|archive-date=30 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Terminal 2===
Terminal 2 serves as the dedicated international terminal, playing a key role in the airport's growing international connectivity and passenger capacity. Originally constructed in the mid-1960s to cater to domestic operations, Terminal 2 was refurbished and repurposed after Bhubaneswar was granted international status in October 2013. Since then, it has handled international passenger traffic and become a crucial link between Odisha and major global destinations.

The terminal being built over an area of {{convert|6264|sqm|sqft}}, consists of 6 check-in counters, 10 immigration counters, four customs counters, numerous amenities and multiple seating areas.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhubaneswar - Technical Information|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bhubaneshwar_technicalinfo.jsp|access-date=25 May 2017|newspaper=[[Airports Authority of India]]|date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607162700/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bhubaneshwar_technicalinfo.jsp|archive-date=7 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A link building measuring {{convert|3360|sqm|sqft}} link building connects Terminal 1 (domestic) with Terminal 2 (international). This skybridge was inaugurated in February 2024, significantly improving the movement of passengers and offering a seamless transfer experience between domestic and international flights. Constructed at an approximate cost of 872 million, the terminal also reflects Odisha's architectural identity with subtle design cues and improved passenger handling mechanisms.<ref name="link"/>

===Terminal 3===
Terminal 3 is a planned expansion to accommodate the rapid growth in passenger traffic and improve the airport's operational capacity. As of 2025, the Government of India has approved the development of the third terminal, which is intended to address congestion at the existing facilities and prepare the airport for future demand. The proposal comes amid rising passenger numbers at the airport, with authorities recognising the need for expanded infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news|last=Karim|first=Mohammed Imteshal|title=Bhubaneswar Airport's third terminal approved, design to highlight Odisha's heritage: Union Civil Aviation Minister|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/bhubaneswar-airport-s-third-terminal-approved-design-to-highlight-odisha-s-heritage-union-civil-aviation-minister-270655|access-date=25 August 2025|date=25 August 2025|website=[[Odisha TV]]}}</ref>

Terminal 3 will house both arrivals and departures within the same building, improving passenger convenience and operational logistics. The footprint of T3 is designed to be approximately {{convert|65000|sqm|sqft}}, making it a substantial addition to the airport's built environment. With this scale, the new terminal is projected to handle around 8.6 million passengers per year. The development is also planned to include about six additional aerobridges to support aircraft operations and improve boarding efficiency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhubaneswar Airport set for major expansion|url=https://www.dinalipi.com/bhubaneswar-airport-set-for-major-expansion/|access-date=8 July 2025|date=8 July 2025|website=Dinalipi}}</ref>

In addition to the functional aspects, planners intend for Terminal 3 to reflect Odisha's cultural identity in its architectural and interior design. Officials, including the Union Civil Aviation Minister, have noted that the terminal will highlight the state's heritage, art, history, and legacy, so that visitors arriving in Bhubaneswar can immediately experience a sense of local identity through the terminal's aesthetics and ambience. The estimated cost for constructing the new terminal is around {{INR}}10 billion, and while design approvals and planning are underway, final execution is subject to formal sanctioning The project has been discussed in multiple stakeholder meetings, and land for the terminal has been identified adjacent to the existing Terminal 1.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramanath V|first=Riyan|title=Proposed T3 terminal at city airport to have arrival departure facilities|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/proposed-t3-terminal-at-city-airport-to-have-arrival-departure-facilities/articleshow/122283103.cms|access-date=7 July 2025|date=7 July 2025|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===International Cargo Terminal===
Integrated Cargo Terminal at the Biju Patnaik International Airport serves as a key facility for managing both domestic and international freight movement in Odisha. Managed by AAICLAS (AAI Cargo Logistics and Allied Services Ltd), the terminal has a handling capacity of 26,490 metric [[tonnes]], strengthening Bhubaneswar's position as an emerging air logistics center in [[Eastern India]].<ref>{{cite web|date=19 December 2012|title=Improvement in Air Cargo Capacity|website= [[Parliament of India]]|url=https://sansad.in/getFile/annex/258/AU1299.pdf?source=pqars|access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AAICLAS: Facilities|website=aaiclas.aero|url=https://www.aaiclas.aero/ground_handling_capabilities|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>

International cargo operations at Biju Patnaik International Airport originally began in 2017 but were discontinued following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The suspension of direct flights between Bhubaneswar and key international destinations like [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Bangkok]] in 2019 further impacted these services.<ref>{{cite web|title=BPIA, Bhubaneswar set to relaunch international cargo operations in September|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2023/Jul/08/bpiabhubaneswar-set-to-relaunch-international-cargo-operations-in-september-2592665.html|date=8 July 2023|access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>

Since the relaunch of direct international cargo operations in January 2024, Biju Patnaik International Airport has developed the required infrastructure and regulatory clearances to support import and export activities directly with global destinations. At present, cargo flights connect Bhubaneswar with [[Dubai]], [[Singapore]], and Bangkok, with additional routes in progress. A major milestone was achieved on 15 May 2024, when the airport handled its first international shipment of perishable goods from Bhubaneswar to Dubai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha: International air cargo service resumes at BPIA|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Feb/01/odisha-international-air-cargo-service-resumes-at-bpia|date=1 February 2024|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref>

==Runways==
The airport features a single primary runway, 14/32, used for all major flight operations. It is supported by two taxiways, one intersecting and one parallel. The intersecting taxiway primarily handles light aircraft movements, while the full-length parallel taxiway facilitates efficient operations for narrow-body aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|title=VEBS - BIJU PATNAIK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, BHUBANESWAR|url=https://aim-india.aai.aero/eaip-v2-6-2023/eAIP/IN-AD%202.1VEBS-en-GB.html|website=aai.aero|access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Runway
!Length
!Width
!Approach Lights/[[Instrument landing system|ILS]]
|-
|14/32
|{{convert|2744|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|CAT-I / CAT-II
|}

==Coast Guard Air Enclave==
[[Indian Coast Guard]]'s Air Enclave along with its 743 Dornier Squadron was commissioned by former Vice-Admiral Anurag G Thapliyal, [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]] at the Biju Patnaik International Airport on 15 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coast Guard's new air enclave inaugurated in Bhubaneswar|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/coast-guards-new-air-enclave-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar-1592811.html|access-date=12 October 2016|date=15 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013074507/http://www.oneindia.com/india/coast-guards-new-air-enclave-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar-1592811.html|archive-date=13 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
The units operate under the operational and administrative control of the Commander of the Coast Guard Region (North East) through the Commander, Coast Guard District No 7 (Odisha). Several strategic air operations are streamlined and synergised for the protection of the sea areas off the Coastal Odisha.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commissioning of Coast Guard Air Enclave Bhubaneswar & 743 Squadron (CG) |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113360|access-date=12 October 2016|date=15 December 2014}}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

{{Airport-dest-list

| [[Air India]] | [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]]

| {{nowrap|[[Air India Express]]}} | [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Pune Airport|Pune]]

| [[Akasa Air]] | [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]]

|[[IndiaOne Air]]|[[Utkela Airport|Bhawanipatna]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Cassian|first=Baliarsingh|title=Odisha's Utkela Airport welcomes first flight from Bhubaneswar; check timings, price, other details|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/odisha-s-utkela-airport-welcomes-first-flight-from-bhubaneswar-check-timings-price-other-details-213694|work=[[Odisha TV]]|date=31 August 2023|access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref> [[Sonari Airport|Jamshedpur]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=Flight links Jamshedpur with Kolkata, Bhubaneswar |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/flight-links-jamshedpur-with-kolkata-bhubaneswar/ar-AA16WiN1 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Press Trust of India}}</ref> [[Jeypore Airport|Jeypore]], [[Rourkela Airport|Rourkela]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2025 |title=After six months halt, aircraft takes flight from Rourkela |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2025/Dec/06/after-six-months-halt-aircraft-takes-flight-from-rourkela|access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

| [[IndiGo]] | [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]], [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-indigo-expands-domestic-network-with-new-routes-connecting-bhubaneswar-dehradun-and-srinagar-check-timings-other-detailsnbsp-3704316/|title=IndiGo expands domestic network with new routes connecting Bhubaneswar, Dehradun and Srinagar – Check timings, other details |work=Financial Express|date=31 December 2024 |accessdate=31 December 2024}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]],<ref name="OTV">{{cite news|last=Baliarsingh|first=Cassian|title=IndiGo introduces direct flights from Bhubaneswar to Bagdogra via Durgapur|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/indigo-introduces-direct-flights-from-bhubaneswar-to-bagdogra-via-durgapur-242931|work=[[Odisha TV]]|date=31 August 2024|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> [[Manohar International Airport|Goa–Mopa]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Ranjan|first=Rashmi|title=Bhubaneswar-Goa direct flight from April 2025|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/bhubaneswar-goa-direct-flight-from-april-2025-258342/amp|work=Odisha TV|date=20 March 2025|access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport|Indore]], [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]],<ref name="IndiGo Network Expansion">{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/indigo-to-resume-lucknow-raipur-bhubaneswar-service-from-jun-2023-1203132|title=IndiGo to resume Lucknow-Raipur-Bhubaneswar service from Jun-2023|work=CAPA|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> [[Prayagraj Airport|Prayagraj]], [[Swami Vivekananda Airport|Raipur]], [[Birsa Munda Airport|Ranchi]], [[Changi Airport|Singapore]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport|Varanasi]], [[Visakhapatnam Airport|Visakhapatnam]]

|[[Star Air (India)|Star Air]]| [[Veer Surendra Sai Airport|Jharsuguda]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.starair.in/FaresAndRules/flightSchedule|title=Star Air - Flight Schedule|work=[[Star Air (India)|Star Air]]|accessdate=21 July 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Connectivity ==
[[File:Bhubaneswar at night from sky.jpg|thumb|[[Bhubaneswar]] city from above]]
The airport handles both domestic and international operations through its integrated terminal and is managed by the [[Airports Authority of India]]. Due to its central location within the city, connectivity to and from the airport is considered one of the strongest among state capitals in [[Eastern India]].

===Railways===
{{Main|Bhubaneswar Railway Station|East Coast Railway Zone}}
[[File:Bbrailhq.jpg|thumb|[[East Coast Railway zone|ECoR]] headquarters at [[Chandrasekharpur]], [[Bhubaneswar]]]]
Rail connectivity to BBI is primarily supported by [[Bhubaneswar railway station|Bhubaneswar Railway Station]], which lies about 3–5 km away and can be reached within 10–15 minutes by road under normal traffic conditions. Bhubaneswar serves as the headquarters of the [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]] and provides frequent express, superfast, and premium train services connecting the city with majority of the Indian cities.<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> Passengers arriving by train typically use taxis, app-based cabs, [[Ama Bus]] services, or auto-rickshaws to reach the airport.<ref name="PT">{{Cite web |title=Biju Patnaik Airport - Transport|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/transport/bhubaneswar|access-date=21 December 2025 |website=[[Airports Authority of India]]}}</ref>

===Roadways===
[[File:Aerial view of flyover, Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] passing through [[Bhubaneswar]]]]
Road connectivity is the most widely used mode of access to and from BBI due to the airport's proximity to the city core. The airport is directly connected to major arterial roads and benefits from access to [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]], which runs along India's eastern corridor connecting Kolkata and Chennai.

App-based cab services such as Uber and Ola operate extensively from the airport, along with prepaid taxi services available at designated counters inside the terminal. Private vehicles, hotel shuttles, and self-drive cars are also commonly used.<ref name="PT"/>

Ongoing and proposed infrastructure projects such as the Capital Region Ring Road development is expected to further ease congestion and improve road access to the airport in the coming years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet approves construction of 6-Lane Access-Controlled Capital Region Ring Road (Bhubaneswar Bypass, 110.875 km) in Odisha|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2157891&reg=3&lang=2|access-date=21 December 2016|date=19 August 2025}}</ref>

===Buses===
{{Main|Ama Bus|Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bus Terminal}}
[[File:MoBus AC Bus.jpg|thumb|[[Ama Bus]] city bus service in [[Bhubaneswar]]]]
[[File:ISBT Baramunda Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|ISBT at [[Baramunda]], [[Bhubaneswar]]]]
Bus transport provides an affordable and reliable public transport option for airport connectivity. The [[Ama Bus]] service, operated by the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT), runs scheduled city buses connecting the airport with key locations including Bhubaneswar Railway Station, major residential areas, and commercial hubs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation - City Bus Services|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/services/city-bus-services|access-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>

In addition, Airport Express (AE) and Double Decker (DD) services connect the airport with nearby cities like [[Cuttack]] and [[Puri]], offering a low-cost alternative to taxis for intercity travellers. For long-distance bus travel, passengers typically use [[Inter-State Bus Terminals]] such as [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bus Terminal]] and then transfer to local buses or taxis to reach the airport.

====City Bus Routes====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|Route
!style="text-align:center;"|Origin
!style="text-align:center;"|Destination
!style="text-align:center;"|Via
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|AE1
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Cuttack Netaji Bus Terminal|Cuttack Netaji Bus Terminal (CNBT)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|National Highway 16
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|AE2
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|Puri Bus Stand
|style="text-align:center;"|Kalpana Square
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|DD1
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Jagannath Temple, Puri]]
|style="text-align:center;"|Kalpana Square
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|10
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]], [[Cuttack]]
|style="text-align:center;"|Jaydev Vihar
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|17
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Barabati Stadium|Barabati Stadium, Cuttack]]
|style="text-align:center;"|National Highway 16
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|66
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|DN Wisdom Tree Global School
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|82
|style="text-align:center;"|BPIA
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital|SCB Medical]] (Settlement Office)
|style="text-align:center;"|National Highway 16
|-
|}

== Awards ==
The airport first gained national-level recognition in 2012–13, when it was adjudged as the best airport in India based on the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI).<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhubaneswar's Biju Patnaik Airport wins award|url=https://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/bhubaneswars-biju-patnaik-airport-wins-award-519272|work=[[NDTV]]|date=16 April 2013 |access-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> The airport achieved its most significant international milestone when it won the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Award for 2018, the results of which were announced and conferred in 2019 by Airports Council International (ACI). Under this recognition, BPIA was declared the Best Airport in the Asia-Pacific region in the 2–5 million passengers per annum category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhubaneswar gets best Airport Service Quality 2018 award|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/biju-patnaik-international-airport-bhubaneswar-airport-service-quality-2018-award-5615720/ |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 March 2019 |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, the airport received the Odisha State Energy Conservation Award under the Meritorious Performance - Commercial Buildings category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhubaneswar Airport Bagged Odisha State Energy Conservation Award|url=https://www.psuconnect.in/award/bhubaneswar-airport-bagged-odisha-state-energy-conservation-award|work=PSU Connect|date=17 December 2019|access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> The award acknowledged the airport's efforts in energy-efficient lighting, optimized air-conditioning systems, and responsible energy management practices, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable airport operations within the state of Odisha. Continuing its emphasis on environmental responsibility, BPIA earned a Level-2 Carbon Reduction certification in 2020 under internationally accepted airport carbon accreditation frameworks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhubaneswar airport goes green|url=https://businessindia.co/climate-change/airports/bhubaneswar-airport-goes-green|work=[[Business Today (India)]]|date=10 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>

During the COVID-19 period, the airport's passenger-centric approach was again acknowledged when it received the ACI Voice of Customer Recognition in 2021. This recognition is awarded to airports that consistently collect passenger feedback and use it to improve services, even during disruptive periods.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhubaneswar Airport Chosen For Voice of Customer Recognition 2021 By ACI|url=https://odishatv.in/news/miscellaneous/bhubaneswar-airport-chosen-for-voice-of-customer-recognition-2021-by-aci-170308|work=[[Odisha FC]]|date=10 February 2022|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>

== Accidents and incidents ==
* On 22 December 2007, an aircraft of [[Surya Kiran]], [[Indian Air Force]]'s aerobatics demonstration team, crash-landed while undergoing training exercise. After refuelling and takeoff, one of its four [[HAL HJT-16 Kiran]] jets caught fire and crash landed on the runway of Biju Patnaik Airport. The pilot was rescued with minor injuries and the exercise was immediately called off after the mishap.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAF aircraft crash landed at Bhubaneswar airport |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/12/22/iaf-aircraft-crash-landed-at-bhubaneswar-airport-1198310518.html |work=One India |date=22 December 2007 |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Airports in India]]
* [[Aviation in India]]
* [[List of airports in Odisha]]
* [[List of busiest airports in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Biju Patnaik International Airport}}
*[https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bhubaneswar Biju Patnaik International Airport] at [[Airports Authority of India]]

{{Portal bar|India|Aviation}}
{{Airports in Odisha}}
{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Airports in Odisha]]
[[Category:International airports in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Memorials to Biju Patnaik]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1962]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Manav Soneji

2026-03-14T18:56:52Z

Associatedin21: added initial page more to come

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manav Soneji
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 2 October
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra
| education =
| years active = 2015–present
| occupation = Actor
| known_for =
}}

'''Manav Soneji''' is an Indian actor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kaatelal & Sons fame Manav Soneji: It's very heartbreaking that all of a sudden you know the show is going off-air – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kaatelal-sons-fame-manav-soneji-its-very-heartbreaking-that-all-of-a-sudden-you-know-the-show-is-going-off-air/articleshow/85327319.cms |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Times of India |date=14 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-16 |title=Old films are like acting institute for me, says Manav Soneji |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/old-films-are-like-acting-institute-for-me-says-manav-soneji-101634404986725.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Nominated for Best Comedy Actor by Filmfare OTT, He is known for playing character as Raman in ''[[School Friends (TV series)]]'', as Jaman in ''[[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]'', as Phitkari in [[Kaatelal & Sons]], as Ali in [[Mere Sai - Shraddha Aur Saburi|Mere Sai]] and as Vicky in Gujarat 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaatelal & Sons: Phitkari Aka Manav Soneji Reacts on Show Going Off-Air, This is What he Said |url=https://www.india.com/photos/entertainment/kaatelal-sons-phitkari-aka-manav-soneji-reacts-on-show-going-off-air-this-is-what-he-said-218822/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=वाराणसी में क्राइम पैट्रोल की शूटिंग कर चुके मानव सोनजी अब 'दिल-ए-काउच' में बनेंगे 'पटकन' |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-manav-soneji-who-shot-crime-patrol-in-varanasi-will-now-make-patkan-in-dil-e-couch-tv-serial-22085196.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Kaatelal & Sons actor Manav Soneji: \"It's very heart breaking that all of a sudden the show is going off air\" |url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/tv/kaatelal-sons-actor-manav-soneji-its-very-heart-breaking-that-all-of-a-sudden-the-show-is-going-off-air-article186404.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102162849/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/tv/kaatelal-sons-actor-manav-soneji-its-very-heart-breaking-that-all-of-a-sudden-the-show-is-going-off-air-article186404.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Desimartini |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Soneji made his debut in 2015 with the TV serial [[Palak Pe Jhalak]] .
In 2017 he acted as Hansal Sahu in Web-series [[Lakhon Mein Ek (TV series)|Lakhon Mein Ek]].
In 2019 Soneji played as Ali in TV Series [[Mere Sai - Shraddha Aur Saburi|Mere Sai]] and as Vicky in Film Gujarat 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: I was a martial artist, but after my operation, the doctor told me not to practice martial arts: Manav Soneji on life before acting |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/digital/exclusive-i-was-martial-artist-after-my-operation-the-doctor-told-me-not-practice-martial |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref>
In 2020 he acted as Phitkari in [[Kaatelal & Sons]].
He played as Patkan in TV mini series Dil-E-Couch in 2021.
In 2022, Soneji acted as Jaman in [[Anandibaa Aur Emily]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribune India Amritsar Tribune epaper dated Thu, 19 Aug 21 |url=http://www.readwhere.com/read/3200496?src=fb |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.readwhere.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Movie/TV Series
! scope="col" |Character
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
|''2015''
|[[Palak Pe Jhalak]]
|
|
|-
|2017
|[[Lakhon Mein Ek (TV series)|Lakhon Mein Ek]]
|Hansal Sahu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|[[Mere Sai - Shraddha Aur Saburi|Mere Sai]]
|Ali
|
|-
|Gujarat 11
|Vicky
|
|-
|2020–2021
|[[Kaatelal & Sons]]
|Phitkari
|
|-
|2021
|Dil-E-Couch
|Patkan
|
|-
|2022–2023
|[[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]
|Jaman Patel
|
|-
|2023
|Crime Aajkal
| Chimnay
|
|-
|2023–2025
|[[School Friends (TV series)|School Friends]]
|Raman
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soneji, Manav}}
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

List of Sangam poets

2026-03-13T18:51:56Z

Associatedin21: added a entry v1

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Literature word index book.jpg|thumb|150px|Word index of Sangam literature]]
'''Sangam''' refers to the assembly of the highly learned people of the ancient [[Tamilakam|Tamil land]], with the primary aim of advancing the literature. There is no historical evidence to suggest that there were three Sangams. It is a medieval myth propagated by the medieval writers. Sangam is a latter appellation given to the congregation of poets that often took place in ancient Pandian country, until around 300 CE, with 449 poets contributing under the patronage of 49 [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyan kings]].

==List of Sangam poets==
Below is a list of poets of the [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] period:<ref>{{cite book
| last = Thamizhannal
| title = உலகத் தமிழிலக்கிய வரலாறு [Ulaga Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru (Upto 500 AD)]
| publisher = International Institute of Tamil Studies
| edition = 1st
| date = 2004
| location = Chennai
| pages = xvi, 174
| language = ta
}}</ref><ref name="SangaIlakkiyam">{{cite book
| editor-last = Kowmareeshwari
| editor-first = S.
| title = சங்க இலக்கியம், மூலமும் உரையும் [Sanga Ilakkiyam, Moolamum Uraiyum]
| publisher = Saradha Pathippagam
| volume = 1-5
| edition = 1st
| date = August 2012
| location = Chennai
| language = ta
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!S. No. !! Poet !! Name in Tamil !! Contribution to the Sangam literature (verse numbers in parentheses) !! Notes
|-
|1 || Anonymous poets || பெயர் தெரியாத புலவர்கள் பாடியவை || Akananuru (114, 117, 165), Kurunthogai (191, 256, 313, 321, 326, 375, 379, 381, 395), Natrinai (8, 10, 22, 24, 45, 46, 84, 92, 107, 108, 111, 115, 125, 126, 132, 134, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 182, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 207, 229, 235, 271, 355, 385, 396), Purananuru (244, 256, 257, 263, 297, 307, 323, 327, 328, 333, 339, 355), Paripaadal (1, 22) ||
|-
|2 || Aiyāthi Siruventhēraiyār || ஐயாதிச் சிறுவெண்தேரையார் || Purananuru (363) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|3 || Aiyūr Moolankilār || ஐயூர் மூலங்கிழார் || Purananuru (21) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|4 || Aiyūr Mudavanār || ஐயூர் முடவனார் || Akananuru (216), Kurunthogai (123, 206, 322), Natrinai (206, 334), Purananuru (51, 228, 314, 399) ||
|-
|5 || Akampam Malāthanār || அகம்பன் மாலாதனார் || Natrinai (81) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|6 || Ālamperi Sāthanār || ஆலம்பேரி சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (47, 81, 143, 175), Natrinai (152, 255) ||
|-
|7 || [[Alangudi Vanganar|Ālankudi Vankanār]] || ஆலங்குடி வங்கனார் || Akananuru (106), Kurunthogai (8, 45), Purananuru (319) ||
|-
|8 || [[Alathur Kilar|Ālathūr Kilār]] || ஆலத்தூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (112, 350), Purananuru (34, 36, 69, 225, 324) ||
|-
|9 || Alisi Nachāthanār || அழிசி நச்சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (271) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|10 || Allankeeranār || அல்லங்கீரனார் || Natrinai (245) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|11 || Allūr Nanmullaiyār || அள்ளூர் நன்முல்லையார் || Akananuru (46), Kurunthogai (32, 67, 68, 93, 96, 140, 157, 202, 237), Purananuru (306, 340) ||
|-
|12 || Ammallanār || அம்மள்ளனார் || Natrinai (82) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|13 || Ammeyyan Nākanār || அம்மெய்யன் நாகனார் || Natrinai (252) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|14 || Ammoovanār || அம்மூவனார் || Ainkurunuru (101–200), Akananuru (10, 140, 280, 370, 390), Kurunthogai (49, 125, 163, 303, 306, 318, 327, 340, 351, 397, 401), Natrinai (4, 35, 76, 138, 275, 307, 315, 327, 395, 397) ||
|-
|15 || Andar Makan Kuruvaluthiyār || அண்டர் மகன் குறுவழுதியார் || Akananuru (228), Kurunthogai (345), Purananuru (346) ||
|-
|16 || Andar Nadum Kallinār || அண்டர் நடும் கல்லினார் || Purananuru (283, 344, 345) ||
|-
|17 || Anilādu Mundriyār || அணிலாடு முன்றிலார் || Kurunthogai (41) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|18 || Anjil Anjiyār || அஞ்சில் அஞ்சியார் || Natrinai (90) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|19 || Anjil Ānthaiyār || அஞ்சில் ஆந்தையார் || Kurunthogai (294), Natrinai (233) ||
|-
|20 || Anjitathai Makal Nākaiyār || அஞ்சியத்தை மகள் நாகையார் || Akananuru (352) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|21 || Anthil Ilankeeranār || அந்தி இளங்கீரனார் || Akananuru (71) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|22 || [[Arisil Kilar|Arisil Kilār]] || அரிசில் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (193), Pathitrupathu (71–80), Purananuru (146, 230, 281, 285, 300, 304, 342) ||
|-
|23 || [[Nedunjeliyan I|Āriyappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan]] || ஆரியப் படை கடந்த நெடுஞ்செழியன் || Purananuru (183) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|24 || Ārkkadu Kilār Makanār Vellai Kannathanār || ஆர்க்காடு கிழார் மகனார் வெள்ளைக் கண்ணத்தனார் || Akananuru (64) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|25 || Ārya Arasan Yāl Bramadathan || ஆரிய அரசன் யாழ்ப்பிரமதத்தன் || Kurunthogai (184) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|26 || Āsiriyar Perunkannanār || ஆசிரியர் பெருங்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (239) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|27 || Āthimanthiyār || ஆதிமந்தியார் || Kurunthogai (31) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|28 || Athiyan Vinnathanār || அதியன் விண்ணத்தனார் || Akananuru (301) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|29 || Āvaduthurai Māsāthanār || ஆவடுதுறை மாசாத்தனார் || Purananuru (227) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|30 || Āviyār || ஆவியார் || Purananuru (298) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|31 || Āvūr Kāvithikal Sāthevanār || ஆவூர்க் காவிதிகள் சாதேவனார் || Natrinai (264) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|32 || Āvūr Kilār || ஆவூர் கிழார் || Purananuru (322) ||
|-
|33 || Āvūr Kilār Makanār Kannanār || ஆவூர் கிழார் மகனார் கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (202) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|34 || Āvūr Moolankilār || ஆவூர் மூலங்கிழார் || Akananuru (24, 156, 341), Purananuru (38, 40, 166, 177, 178, 196, 261, 301) ||
|-
|35 || Āvūr Moolankilar Makanār Perunthalai Sāthanār || ஆவூர் மூலங்கிழார் மகனார் பெருந்தலை சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (224) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|36 || [[Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)|Avvaiyār]] || ஔவையார் (முதலாம்) || Akananuru (11, 147, 273, 303), Kurunthogai (15, 23, 28, 29, 39, 43, 80, 91, 99, 102, 158, 183, 200, 364, 388), Natrinai (129, 187, 295, 371, 381, 390, 394), Purananuru (87–104, 140, 187, 206, 231, 232, 235, 269, 286, 290, 295, 311, 315, 367, 390, 392) ||
|-
|37 || Chēnthan Keeranār || சேந்தன் கீரனார் || Kurunthogai (311) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|38 || Chēnthankannanār || சேந்தங் கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (350), Natrinai (54) ||
|-
|39 || Chēramān Ilankuttuvan || சேரமான் இளங்குட்டுவன் || Akananuru (153) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|40 || Chēramān Kanaikkāl Irumporai || சேரமான் கணைக்கால் இரும்பொறை || Purananuru (74) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|41 || Chēramān Kōttampalathu Thunjiya Mākōthai || சேரமான் கோட்டம்பலத்துத் துஞ்சிய மாக்கோதை || Purananuru (245) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|42 || Chēramānenthai || சேரமானெந்தை || Kurunthogai (22) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|43 || Chōlan Kulamutrathu Thunjiya Killivalavan || சோழன் குளமுற்றத்துத் துஞ்சிய கிள்ளிவளவன் || Purananuru (173) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|44 || Chōlan Nalankilli || சோழன் நலங்கிள்ளி || Purananuru (73, 75) ||
|-
|45 || Chōlan Nalluruthiran || சோழன் நல்லுருத்திரன் || Purananuru (190), Kalithogai (101–117) || Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to later venpā.
|-
|46 || [[Sonaattu Mugaiyalur Sirukarunthumbiyar|Chōnāttu Mukaiyalūr Sirukarunthumpiyār]] || சோணாட்டு முகையலூர்ச் சிறுகருந்தும்பியார் || Purananuru (181, 265) ||
|-
|47 ||[[Eelattu Poothanthevanar|Eelathu Poothanthēvanār]] || ஈழத்துப் பூதன்தேவனார் || Akananuru (88), Kurunthogai (343) ||
|-
|48 || Eloo Uppandri Nākan Kumaranār || எழூஉப்பன்றி நாகன் குமரனார் || Akananuru (138, 240) ||
|-
|49 || Erukkattūr Thāyankannanār || எருக்காட்டூர்த் தாயங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (149, 319, 357), Purananuru (397) ||
|-
|50 || Erumai Veliyanār || எருமை வெளியனார் || Akananuru (73), Purananuru (273, 303) ||
|-
|51 || Erumai Veliyanār Makanār Kadalanār || எருமை வெளியனார் மகனார் கடலனார் || Akananuru (72) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|52 || Eyinanthai Makan Ilankeeranār || எயினந்தை மகன் இளங்கீரனார் || Akananuru (3, 225, 239, 289, 299, 361, 371, 395, 399), Natrinai (269, 308, 346) ||
|-
|53 || Eyinanthaiyār || எயினந்தையார் || Natrinai (43) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|54 || Eyitriyanār || எயிற்றியனார் || Kurunthogai (286) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|55 || [[Idaikaadar|Idaikkādanār]] || இடைக்காடனார் || Akananuru (139, 194, 274, 284, 304, 374), Kurunthogai (251), Natrinai (142, 221, 316), Purananuru (42) ||
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|56 || Idaikkundrūr Kilār || இடைக்குன்றூர் கிழார் || Purananuru (76, 77, 78, 79) ||
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|57 || Idaiyan Chēnthankotranār || இடையன் சேந்தங்கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (375) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|58 || Idaiyan Nedunkeeranār || இடையன் நெடுங்கீரனார் || Akananuru (166) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|59 || Ilamperuvaluthiyār || இளம்பெருவழுதியார் || Paripaadal (15) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|60 || Ilampoothanār || இளம்பூதனார் || Kurunthogai (334) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|61 || Ilampōthiyār || இளம்போதியார் || Natrinai (72) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|62 || Ilampullūr Kavithi || இளம்புல்லூர்க் காவிதி || Natrinai (89) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|63 || Ilanakanār || இளநாகனார் || Natrinai (151, 205, 231) ||
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|64 || Ilankadunkō || இளங்கடுங்கோ || Akananuru (96, 176) ||
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|65 || Ilankannanār || இளங் கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (264) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|66 || Ilankeeranār || இளங்கீரனார் || Kurunthogai (116), Natrinai (3), (62, 113) ||
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|67 || Ilankeeranthaiyār || இளங்கீரந்தையார் || Kurunthogai (148) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|68 || Ilankousikanār || இளங்கௌசிகனார் || Akananuru (381) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|69 || Ilanthēvanār || இளந்தேவனார் || Natrinai (41) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|70 || Ilanthiraiyanār || இளந்திரையனார் || Natrinai (94, 99) ||
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|71 || Ilavēttanār || இளவேட்டனார் || Natrinai (33, 157) ||
|-
|72 || Ilaveyinanār || இளவெயினனார் || Natrinai (263) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|73 || Immen Keeranār || இம்மென் கீரனார் || Akananuru (398) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|74 || Inisanthanākanār || இனிசந்தநாகனார் || Natrinai (66) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|75 || [[Iraiyanar|Iraiyanār]] || இறையனார் || Kurunthogai (2) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|76 || Iraniyamuttathu Perunkundrūr Perunkousikanār || இரணியமுட்டத்துப் பெருங்குன்றூர்ப் பெருங்கெளசிகனார் || Malaipatukataam || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|77 || Irankukudi Kundra Nādan || இறங்குகுடிக் குன்ற நாடன் || Akananuru (215) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|78 || Irumpidarthalaiyār || இரும்பிடர்த் தலையார் || Purananuru (3) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|79 || Irunkōn Ollaiyān Chenkannanār || இருங்கோன் ஒல்லையான் செங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (279) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|80 || Irunthaiyūr Kotran Pulavanār || இருந்தையூர்க் கொற்றன் புலவனார் || Kurunthogai (335) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|81 || Kachipēttu Ilanthachanār || கச்சிப்பேட்டு இளந்தச்சனார் || Natrinai (266) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|82 || Kachipēttu Kānji Kotranār || கச்சிப்பேட்டுக் காஞ்சிக் கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (213, 216) ||
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|83 || Kachipēttu Nannākaiyār || கச்சிப்பேட்டு நன்னாகையார் || Kurunthogai (30, 172, 180, 192, 197, 287) ||
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|84 || Kachipēttu Perunthachanār || கச்சிப்பேட்டுப் பெருந்தச்சனார் || Natrinai (144, 213) ||
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|85 || Kadalul Māyntha Ilamveruvaluthi || கடலுள் மாய்ந்த இளம்பெருவழுதி || Paripaadal (15), Purananuru (182) ||
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|86 || Kadampanūr Sāndiliyanār || கடம்பனூர்ச் சாண்டிலியனார் || Kurunthogai (307) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|87 || [[Kadiyalūr Uruthirankannanār]] || கடியலூர் உருத்திரங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (167), Kurunthogai (352), Perumpanatruppadai, Pattinappaalai ||
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|88 || Kaduku Perunthēvanār || கடுகு பெருந்தேவனார் || Kurunthogai (255) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|89 || Kadunthōtkaraveeranār || கடுந்தோட் கரவீரனார் || Kurunthogai (69) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|90 || Kaduthokai Kāvinār || கடுந்தொடைக் காவினார் || Akananuru (109) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|91 || Kaduvan Ila Mallanār || கடுவன் இளமள்ளனார் || Natrinai (150) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|92 || Kaduvan Ilaveyinanār || கடுவன் இளவெயினனார் || Paripaadal (3, 4, 5) ||
|-
|93 || Kaduvan Mallanār (also known as Madhurai Tamil Koothanār Kaduvan Mallanār) || கடுவன் மள்ளனார் (மதுரை தமிழ் கூத்தனார் கடுவன் மள்ளனார்) || Akananuru (70, 256, 354), Kurunthogai (82) ||
|-
|94 || Kākkai Pādiniyār Nachellaiyār || காக்கை பாடினியார் நச்செள்ளையார் || Kurunthogai (210), Purananuru (278), Pathitrupathu (51–60) ||
|-
|95 || Kalaithin Yānaiyār || கழைதின் யானையார் || Purananuru (204) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|96 || Kalārkeeran Eyitriyār || கழார்க்கீரன் எயிற்றியார் || Akananuru (163, 217, 235, 294), Kurunthogai (35, 261, 330), Natrinai (281, 312) ||
|-
|97 || Kalāthalaiyār || கழாத்தலையார் || Purananuru (62, 65, 270, 288, 289, 368) ||
|-
|98 || Kāleri Kadikaiyār || காலெறி கடிகையார் || Kurunthogai (267) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|99 || [[Kalladar|Kallādanār]] || கல்லாடனார் || Akananuru (9, 83, 113, 171, 199, 209, 333), Kurunthogai (260, 269), Purananuru (23, 25, 371, 385, 391) ||
|-
|100 || Kallampālanār || கள்ளம்பாளனார் || Natrinai (148) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|101 || Kallikudi Pootham Pullanār || கள்ளிக்குடிப் பூதம் புல்லனார் || Natrinai (333) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|102 || Kallil Āthiraiyanār || கள்ளில் ஆத்திரையனார் || Kurunthogai (293), Purananuru (175, 389) ||
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|103 || Kalporu Sirunuraiyār || கல்பொரு சிறுநுரையார் || Kurunthogai (290) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|104 || Kāmakkani Pasalaiyār || காமக்கணிப் பசலையார் || Natrinai (243) ||
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|105 || Kāmanchēr Kulathār || காமஞ்சேர் குளத்தார் || Kurunthogai (4) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|106 || Kanakkayanār || கணக்காயனார் || Natrinai (23) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|107 || Kanakkāyar Thathanār || கணக்காயர் தத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (304) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|108 || Kangul Vellathār || கங்குல் வெள்ளத்தார் || Kurunthogai (387) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|109 || Kani Punkundranār || கணி புன்குன்றனார் || Natrinai (226) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|110 || [[Kaniyan Pungundranar|Kaniyan Poonkundranār]] || கணியன் பூங்குன்றனார் || Purananuru (192) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|111 || Kannakanār || கண்ணகனார் || Natrinai (79), Purananuru (218) ||
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|112 || Kannakāran Kotranār || கண்ணகாரன் கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (143) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|113 || Kannam Pullanār || கண்ணம் புல்லனார் || Akananuru (63), Natrinai (159) ||
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|114 || Kannanār || கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (244) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|115 || Kannankotranār || கண்ணங் கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (156) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|116 || Kanthakkannanār || கந்தக்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (94) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|117 || Kantharathanār || கந்தரத்தனார் || Natrinai (116, 146, 238) ||
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|118 || [[Kapilar]] || கபிலர் || Ainkurunuru (201–300), Akananuru (2, 12, 18, 42, 82, 118, 128, 158, 182, 203, 218, 238, 248, 278, 292, 318, 332, 382), Kurunthogai (13, 18, 25, 38, 42, 87, 95, 100, 106, 115, 121, 142, 153, 187, 198, 208, 225, 241, 246, 249, 264, 288, 291, 312, 355, 357, 361, 385), Natrinai (1, 13, 32, 59, 65, 77, 217, 222, 225, 253, 267, 291, 309, 320, 336, 353, 359, 368, 373, 376), Purananuru (8, 14, 105–111, 113–124, 143, 200–202, 236, 337, 347), Pathitrupathu (71–80), Kurincippattu, Kalithogai (37–65) || Kapilar's authorship of the Kurinchippattu is debated. Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to later venpā.
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|119 || Kāppiyan Chēnthanār || காப்பியஞ் சேந்தனார் || Natrinai (246) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|120 || Kāppiyātru Kāppiyanār || காப்பியாற்றுக் காப்பியனார் || Pathitrupathu (31–40) ||
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|121 || Kārikilār || காரிகிழார் || Purananuru (6) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|122 || Kārikkannanār || காரிக்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (237) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|123 || Karumpillai Poothanār || கரும்பிள்ளைப் பூதனார் || Paripaadal (10) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|124 || Karunkulal Āthanār || கருங்குழல் ஆதனார் || Purananuru (7, 224) ||
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|125 || Karuvūr Chēramān Sathanār || கருவூர்ச் சேரமான் சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (268) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|126 || Karuvūr Kalinkathār || கருவூர் கலிங்கத்தார் || Akananuru (183) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|127 || Karuvūr Kannam Pullanār || கருவூர்க் கண்ணம்புல்லனார் || Akananuru (63) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|128 || Karuvūr Kannampalanār || கருவூர்க் கண்ணம்பாளனார் || Akananuru (180, 263) ||
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|129 || Karuvūr Kathapillai || கருவூர்க் கதப்பிள்ளை || Kurunthogai (64, 265, 380), Purananuru (380) ||
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|130 || Karuvūr Kathapillai Sāthanār (also known as Karuvūr Kanthapillai Sathanār) || கருவூர்க் கதப்பிள்ளைச் சாத்தனார் (கருவூர்க் கந்தப்பிள்ளை சாத்தனார்) || Akananuru (309), Natrinai (343), Purananuru (168) ||
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|131 || Karuvūr Kilār || கருவூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (170) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|132 || Karuvūr Kosanar || கருவூர்க் கோசனார் || Natrinai (214) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|133 || Karuvūr Nanmārpan || கருவூர் நன்மார்பன் || Akananuru (277) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|134 || Karuvūr Ōthagnāniyār || கருவூர் ஓதஞானியார் || Kurunthogai (71) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|135 || Karuvūr Pavuthiranār || கருவூர் பவுத்திரனார் || Kurunthogai (162) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|136 || Karuvūr Perumchathukkathu Poothanākanār || கருவூர்ப் பெருஞ்சதுக்கத்துப் பூதநாதனார் || Purananuru (219) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|137 || Karuvūr Poothanchāthanār || கருவூர் பூதஞ்சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (50) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|138 || Kāsipan Keeranār || காசிபன் கீரனார் || Natrinai (248) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|139 || Kathaiyankannanār || கதையங்கண்ணனார் || Purananuru (356) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|140 || Kathapillaiyār || கதப் பிள்ளையார் || Natrinai (135) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|141 || Kāttūr Kilār Makanār || காட்டூர் கிழார் மகனார் || Akananuru (85) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|142 || Kavai Makanār || கவை மகனார் || Kurunthogai (324) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|143 || Kāvanmullai Poothanār || காவன்முல்லைப் பூதனார் || Akananuru (21, 241, 293, 391), Kurunthogai (104, 211), Natrinai (274) ||
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|144 || Kāvanmullai Pootharathanār || காவன்முல்லைப் பூதரத்தனார் || Akananuru (151) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|145 || Kāvarpendu || காவற்பெண்டு || Purananuru (86) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|146 || Kāvattanār || காவட்டனார் || Akananuru (378) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|147 || Kāviripoompattinathu Chenkannanār || காவிரிப்பூம்பட்டினத்துச் செங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (103, 271), Natrinai (389) ||
|-
|148 || Kāviripoompattinathu Chēntham Kannanār || காவிரிப்பூம்பட்டினத்துச் சேந்தங்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (347) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|149 || Kāviripoompattinathu Kantharathanār || காவிரிப்பூம்பட்டினத்துக் கந்தரத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (342) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|150 || [[Kaveri Poompattanatthu Kaari Kannanar|Kāviripoompattinathu Kārikkannanār]] || காவிரிப்பூம்பட்டினத்துக் காரிக்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (107, 123, 285), Kurunthogai (297), Purananuru (57, 58, 169, 171, 353) ||
|-
|151 || Kāviripoompattinathu Pon Vanigar Maganār Nabbodhanār || காவிரிப்பூம்பட்டினத்துப் பொன் வணிகர் மகனார் நப்பூதனார் || Mullaipaattu || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|152 || Kāvittanār || காவிட்டனார் || Purananuru (359) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|153 || Kavuthaman Sāthēvanār || கவுதமன் சாதேவனார் (ஆமூர் கவுதமன் சாதேவனார்) || Akananuru (159) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|154 || Kayamanār || கயமனார் || Akananuru (7, 17, 145, 189, 195, 219, 221, 259, 275, 321, 383, 397), Kurunthogai (9, 356, 378, 396), Natrinai (12, 198, 279, 293, 305, 324), Purananuru (254, 361) ||
|-
|155 || Kayathūr Kilār || கயத்தூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (354) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|156 || Keerankeeranār || கீரங்கீரனார் || Natrinai (78) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|157 || [[Keerandhaiyar|Keeranthaiyār]] || கீரந்தையார் || Paripaadal (2) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|158 || Keerathanār || கீரத்தனார் || Natrinai (42) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|159 || Kesavanār || கேசவனார் || Paripaadal (14) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|160 || Kidangil Kāvithi Perunkotranār || கிடங்கில் காவிதிப் பெருங்கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (364) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|161 || Kidangil Kāvithikeerankannanār || கிடங்கில் காவிதிக் கீரங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (218) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|162 || Kidangil Kulapathi Nakkannanār || கிடங்கில் குலபதி நக்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (252) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|163 || Killi Mangalankilār || கிள்ளிமங்கலங்கிழார் || Kurunthogai (76, 110, 152, 181) ||
|-
|164 || Killi Mangalankilār Makanār Chērakovanār || கிள்ளிமங்கலங்கிழார் மகனார் சேரகோவனார் || Natrinai (365) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|165 || Kōdai Pādiya Perumpoothanār || கோடை பாடிய பெரும்பூதனார் || Purananuru (259) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|166 || Kodiyūr Kilār Makanār Neythal Thathanār || கொடியூர் கிழார் மகனார் நெய்தற்றத்தனார் || Akananuru (243) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|167 || Kōkulamutranār || கோக்குளமுற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (98), Natrinai (96) ||
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|168 || Kōli Kotranār || கோழிக் கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (276) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|169 || Kōliyur Kilār Makanār Cheliyanār || கோளியூர் கிழார் மகனார் செழியனார் || Natrinai (383) ||
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|170 || Kollam Pakkanār || கொள்ளம்பக்கனார் || Natrinai (147) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|171 || Kollan Alisiyār || கொல்லன் அழிசியார் || Kurunthogai (26, 138, 145, 240) ||
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|172 || Kolli Kannanār || கொல்லிக் கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (34) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|173 || [[Ericchalur Malaadanar|Kōnāttu Erichalūr Mādalan Madhurai Kumaranār]] || கோனாட்டு எறிச்சலூர் மாடலன் மதுரைக் குமரனார் || Purananuru (54, 61, 167, 180, 197, 394) ||
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|174 || Kondimankalathu Vāthuli Narchēnthanār || கொடிமங்கலத்து வாதுளி நற்சேந்தனார் || Akananuru (179, 232) ||
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|175 || Kōnmā Nedunkottanār || கோண்மா நெடுங்கோட்டனார் || Natrinai (40) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|176 || Koodalūr Kilār || கூடலூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (166, 167, 214), Purananuru (229) ||
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|177 || Koodalūr Palkannanār || கூடலூர்ப் பல்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (200, 380) ||
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|178 || Kookai Kōliyār || கூகைக் கோழியார் || Purananuru (364) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|179 || Kootrankumaranār || கூற்றங்குமரனார் || Natrinai (244) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|180 || Koovan Mainthanār || கூவன் மைந்தனார் || Kurunthogai (224) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|181 || Kōperunchōlan || கோப்பெருஞ்சோழன் || Purananuru (214, 215, 216), Kurunthogai (20, 53, 129, 147) ||
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|182 || Kōtampalathu Thunjiya Chēramān || கோட்டம்பலத்துத் துஞ்சிய சேரமான் || Akananuru (168) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|183 || [[Kodhamanar|Kōthamanār]] || கோதமனார் || Purananuru (366) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|184 || Kotranār || கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (218, 358), Natrinai (30) ||
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|185 || Kotrankotranār || கொற்றங்கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (54), Natrinai (259) ||
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|186 || Kōttampalavanār || கோட்டம்பலவனார் || Natrinai (95) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|187 || Kōttiyur Nallanthaiyār || கோட்டியூர் நல்லந்தையார் || Natrinai (211) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|188 || Kōvarthanār || கோவர்த்தனார் || Kurunthogai (66, 194) ||
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|189 || Kōvēngai Perunkathavanār || கோவேங்கைப் பெருங்கதவனார் || Kurunthogai (134) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|190 || [[Kovur Kilar|Kōvūr Kilār]] || கோவூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (65), Purananuru (31–33, 41, 44–47, 68, 70, 308, 373, 382, 386, 400), Natrinai (393) ||
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|191 || Kudapulaviyanār || குடபுலவியனார் || Purananuru (18, 19) ||
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|192 || Kudavāyil Keeranakkanār || குடவாயில் கீரனக்கனார் || Kurunthogai (79) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|193 || Kudavāyil Keerathanār || குடவாயில் கீரத்தனார் || Akananuru (35, 60, 79, 119, 129, 287, 315, 345, 366, 385), Natrinai (27, 212, 379), Kurunthogai (281, 369), Purananuru (242) ||
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|194 || Kulampanār || குளம்பனார் || Natrinai (288) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|195 || Kulampanthāyanār || குளம்பந்தாயனார் || Purananuru (253) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|196 || Kulatrathanār || குழற்றத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (242) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|197 || Kumattoor Kannanār || குமட்டூர் கண்ணனார் || Pathitrupathu (11–20) ||
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|198 || Kumili Gnālalār Nappasalaiyār || குமிழி ஞாழலார் நப்பசலையார் || Akananuru (160) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|199 || Kundriyanār || குன்றியனார் || Akananuru (40, 41), Kurunthogai (50, 51, 117, 238, 301, 336), Natrinai (117, 239) ||
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|200 || Kundrukat Pāliyāthanār || குன்றுகட் பாலியாதனார் || Purananuru (387) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|201 || Kundrūr Kilār Makanār || குன்றூர் கிழார் மகனார் || Purananuru (338) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|202 || Kundrūr Kilār Makanār Kannathanār || குன்றூர் கிழார் மகனார் கண்ணத்தனார் || Natrinai (332) || Authored a sole Sangam verse 
|-
|203 || Kundukat Paliyāthanār || குண்டுகட் பாலியாதனார் || Natrinai (220) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|204 || Kuppaikōliyār || குப்பைக்கோழியார் || Kurunthogai (305) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|205 || Kuramakal Ilaveyini || குறமகள் இளவெயினி || Purananuru (157) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|206 || Kuramakal Kuriyeyini || குறமகள் குறியெயினியார் || Natrinai (357) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|207 || Kuriyiraiyār || குறியிரையார் || Kurunthogai (394) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|208 || Kurumpoothanār (also known as Kunrampoothanār) || குறும்பூதனார் (குன்றம்பூதனார்) || Paripaadal (9, 18) ||
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|209 || Kurungudi Maruthanār || குறுங்குடி மருதனார் || Akananuru (4), Kurunthogai (344) ||
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|210 || Kurunkeeranār || குறுங்கீரனார் || Kurunthogai (382) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|211 || Kurunkōliyūr Kilār || குறுங்கோழியூர் கிழார் || Purananuru (17, 20, 22) ||
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|212 || Kuruvaluthiyār || குறுவழுதியார் || Akananuru (150) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|213 || Kuthirai Thariyanār || குதிரைத் தறியனார் || Natrinai (296) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|214 || Kuttuvan Kannanār || குட்டுவன் கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (179) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|215 || Kuttuvan Keeranār || குட்டுவன் கீரனார் || Purananuru (240) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|216 || Madal Pādiya Māthankeeranār || மடல் பாடிய மாதங்கீரனார் || Kurunthogai (182), Natrinai (377) ||
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|217 || Mādalūr Kilār || மாடலூர் கிழார் || Kurunthogai (150) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|218 || Madhurai Alakkar Gnālalār Makanār Mallanār || மதுரை அளக்கர் ஞாழலார் மகனார் மள்ளனார் || Akananuru (33, 144, 174, 244, 314, 344, 353), Kurunthogai (188, 215), Natrinai (297, 321), Purananuru (388) || Written as Madhurai Mallanār in Akananuru verse 244
|-
|219 || Madhurai Āruliya Nāttu Ālampēri Sāthanār || மதுரை ஆருலவிய நாட்டு ஆலம்பேரி சாத்தனார் || Natrinai (303, 338) ||
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|220 || [[Madurai Aruvai Vanigan Ilavettanar|Madhurai Aruvai Vānikan Ilavēttanār]] || மதுரை அறுவை வாணிகன் இளவேட்டனார் || Akananuru (56, 272, 302, 124, 254, 230), Kurunthogai (185), Natrinai (344), Purananuru (329) ||
|-
|221 || Madhurai Āsiriyar Kōdan Kotranār || மதுரை ஆசிரியர் கோடன் கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (144) ||
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|222 || [[Nallanthuvanar|Madhurai Āsiriyār Nallanthuvanār]] (also known as Nallanthuvanār) || மதுரை ஆசிரியர் நல்லந்துவனார் (நல்லந்துவனார்) || Akananuru (43), Natrinai (88), Paripaadal (6, 8, 11, 20), Kalithogai (118–150) || Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to later venpā.
|-
|223 || Madhurai Chenkannanār || மதுரை செங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (39) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|224 || Madhurai Eelathu Poothanthēvanār (also known as Eelathu Poothanthēvanār) || மதுரை ஈழத்துப் பூதன்தேவனார் (ஈழத்துப் பூதன்தேவனார்) || Akananuru (231, 307), Kurunthogai (189, 360), Natrinai (366) ||
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|225 || Madhurai Eluthālan || மதுரை எழுத்தாளன் || Akananuru (84) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|226 || Madhurai Eluthālan Sēnthan Poothanār (also known as Sēnthan Poothanār) || மதுரை எழுத்தாளன் சேந்தன் பூதனார் (சேந்தன் பூதனார்) || Akananuru (207), Kurunthogai (90, 226, 247), Natrinai (261) ||
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|227 || Madhurai Ilampālāsiriyan Chēnthan Koothanār || மதுரை இளம்பாலாசிரியன் சேந்தன் கூத்தனார் || Akananuru (102, 108, 348), Natrinai (273), Purananuru (251) ||
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|228 || Madhurai Ilankanni Kōsikanār || மதுரை இளங்கண்ணிக் கோசிகனார் || Purananuru (309) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|229 || Madhurai Ilankousikanār || மதுரை இளங்கௌசிகனார் || Akananuru (381) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|230 || Madhurai Kadaiyathār Makanār Vennākanār || மதுரைக் கடையத்தார் மகனார் வெண்ணாகனார் || Kurunthogai (223) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|231 || Madhurai Kallin Kadaiyathan Vennākanār || மதுரைக் கள்ளிற் கடையத்தன் வெண்ணாகனார் || Akananuru (170), Purananuru (316) ||
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|232 || Madhurai Kāmakani Nappālathanār || மதுரைக் காமக்கனி நப்பாலத்தனார் || Akananuru (204) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|233 || Madhurai Kanakkāyanār || மதுரைக் கணக்காயனார் || Akananuru (27, 338, 342), Purananuru (330) ||
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|234 || Madhurai Kanakkāyanār Makanār Nakkeeranār (also known as Kanakkāyanār Makanār Nakkeerar) || மதுரைக் கணக்காயனார் மகனார் நக்கீரனார் (கணக்காயர் மகனார் நக்கீரர்) || Akananuru (93), Kurunthogai (143), Purananuru (56, 189), Tirumurugatruppadai, Nedunalvaadai ||
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|235 || Madhurai Kānchipulavar || மதுரைக் காஞ்சிப் புலவர் || Akananuru (89) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|236 || Madhurai Kandarathathanār || மதுரைக் கண்டரதத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (317) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|237 || Madhurai Kannanār || மதுரைக் கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (107) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|238 || Madhurai Kannathanār || மதுரைக் கண்ணத்தனார் || Akananuru (360), Natrinai (351) ||
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|239 || Madhurai Karulaviyan Koothanār || மதுரைக் காருலவியங் கூத்தனார் || Natrinai (325) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|240 || Madhurai Kathakkannanār || மதுரைக் கதக்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (88) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|241 || Madhurai Kavuniyan Poothathanār || மதுரைக் கவுணியன் பூதத்தனார் || Akananuru (74) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|242 || Madhurai Kollam Pullanār || மதுரைக் கொல்லம் புல்லனார் || Kurunthogai (373) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|243 || Madhurai Kollan Vennākanār (also known as Madhurai Pon Sey Kollan Vennākanār) || மதுரைக் கொல்லன் வெண்ணாகனார் || Akananuru (363), Natrinai (285) ||
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|244 || Madhurai Koothanār || மதுரைக் கூத்தனார் || Akananuru (334) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|245 || Madhurai Maruthan Ilanākanār || மதுரை மருதன் இளநாகனார் || Akananuru (34, 59, 77, 90, 104, 121, 131, 184, 193, 206, 220, 245, 255, 269, 312, 343, 358, 365, 368, 380, 387), Kurunthogai (77, 160, 279, 367), Natrinai (194, 216, 251, 283, 290, 297, 302, 326, 341, 343, 362, 392), Purananuru (55, 349) ||
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|246 || Madhurai Maruthankilār Makanār Ilampōthanār || மதுரை மருதங்கிழார் மகனார் இளம்போத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (332) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|247 || Madhurai Maruthankilār Makanār Perunkannanār || மதுரை மருதங்கிழார் மகனார் பெருங் கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (247, 364), Natrinai (388) ||
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|248 || Madhurai Maruthankilār Makanār Sokuthanār || மதுரைப் பள்ளி மருதங்கிழார் மகனார் சொகுத்தனார் || Natrinai (352) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|249 || Madhurai Maruthankilār Makanār Sokuthanār || மதுரை மருதங்கிழார் மகனார் சொகுத்தனார் || Natrinai (329) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|250 || Madhurai Mēlaikkadai Kannampukuthār Āyathanār || மதுரை மேலைக்கடைக் கண்ணம்புகுத்தார் ஆயத்தனார் || Purananuru (350) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|251 || Madhurai Nakkeeranār || மதுரை நக்கீரனார் || Akananuru (78) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|252 || Madhurai Nakkeerar || மதுரை நக்கீரர் || Akananuru (36), Purananuru (395) ||
|-
|253 || Madhurai Nalvelliyār (also known as Nalvelliyār) || மதுரை நல்வெள்ளியார் (நல்வெள்ளியார்) || Akananuru (32), Kurunthogai (365), Natrinai (7, 47) ||
|-
|254 || Madhurai Olaikkadaiyathār Nalvellaiyār || மதுரை ஓலைக்கடையத்தார் நல்வெள்ளையார் || Natrinai (250, 369) ||
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|255 || Madhurai Padaimangala Manniyār || மதுரைப் படைமங்க மன்னியார் || Purananuru (351) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|256 || Madhurai Padaimangala Manniyār || மதுரைப் படைமங்க மன்னியார் || Purananuru (351) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|257 || Madhurai Pālāsiriyar Chēnthan Kotranār || மதுரைப் பாலாசிரியர் சேந்தன் கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (322) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|258 || Madhurai Pālasiriyar Nappālanār || மதுரைப் பாலாசிரியர் நப்பாலனார் || Akananuru (172) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|259 || Madhurai Pālāsiriyār Natrāmanār || மதுரைப் பாலாசிரியர் நற்றாமனார் || Akananuru (92) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|260 || Madhurai Panda Vānikan Ilanthēvanār || மதுரைப் பண்ட வாணிகன் இளந்தேவனார் || Akananuru (58, 298, 328) ||
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|261 || Madhurai Pērālavāyar || மதுரைப் பேராலவாயர் || Akananuru (87, 296), Natrinai (361), Purananuru (247, 262) ||
|-
|262 || Madhurai Perumaruthan Ilanākanār || மதுரைப் பெருமருதன் இளநாகனார் || Natrinai (251) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|263 || [[Madurai Perumarudhanar|Madhurai Perumaruthanār]] || மதுரைப் பெருமருதனார் || Natrinai (241) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|264 || Madhurai Perunkollanār || மதுரைப் பெருங்கொல்லனார் || Kurunthogai (141) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|265 || Madhurai Ponseykollan Vennakanār || மதுரைப் பொன்செய் கொல்லன் வெண்ணாகனார் || Akananuru (363) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|266 || Madhurai Poothan Ilanākanār || மதுரைப் பூதன் இளநாகனார் || Purananuru (276) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|267 || Madhurai Poovanda Nākan Vettanār || மதுரைப் பூவண்ட நாகன் வேட்டனார் || Natrinai (317) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|268 || Madhurai Pōthanār || மதுரைப் போத்தனார் || Akananuru (75) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|269 || Madhurai Pullankannanār || மதுரைப் புல்லங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (161) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|270 || Madhurai Sullam Pōthanār || மதுரைச் சுள்ளம் போதனார் || Natrinai (215) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|271 || Madhurai Tamil Koothan Kaduvan Mallanār || மதுரைத் தமிழ்க் கூத்தன் கடுவன் மள்ளனார் || Akananuru (354) ||
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|272 || [[Madurai Tamil Koothan Nagan Devanar|Madhurai Tamil Koothan Nākanthēvanār]] || மதுரைத் தமிழ்க் கூத்தன் நாகன்தேவனார் || Akananuru (164) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|273 || Madhurai Tamil Koothanār || மதுரைத் தமிழ்க் கூத்தனார் || Purananuru (334) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|274 || Madhurai Thathankannanār || மதுரைத் தத்தங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (335) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|275 || Madhurai Vēlāsān || மதுரை வேளாசான் || Purananuru (305) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|276 || Madhurai Vēlathathanār || மதுரை வேளாதத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (315) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|277 || Madurai Koolavānikan Cheethalai Sāthanār || மதுரைக் கூலவாணிகன் சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (229, 306, 320), Purananuru (59) ||
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|278 || Maiyoda Kōvanār || மையோடக் கோவனார் || Paripaadal (7) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|279 || Mālaimāranār || மாலைமாறனார் || Kurunthogai (245) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|280 || Malaiyanār || மலையனார் || Natrinai (93) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|281 || Mallanār || மள்ளனார் || Kurunthogai (72), Natrinai (204) ||
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|282 || Māmalādanār || மாமலாடனார் || Kurunthogai (46) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|283 || [[Mamulanar|Māmoolanār]] || மாமூலனார் || Akananuru (1, 15, 31, 55, 61, 65, 91, 97, 101, 115, 127, 187, 197, 201, 211, 233, 251, 265, 281, 311, 325, 331, 347, 349, 359, 393, 281, 295), Kurunthogai (11), Natrinai (14, 75) ||
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|284 || [[Mangudi Marudhanar|Māngudi Maruthanār]] (also known as Mānkudi Kilār, Madhurai Kānchi Pulavar, Kānchi Pulavanār) || மாங்குடி மருதனார் (மாங்குடி கிழார், மதுரை காஞ்சி புலவர், காஞ்சிப்புலவனார்) || Akananuru (89), Kurunthogai (164, 173, 302), Natrinai (120, 123), Purananuru (24, 26, 313, 335, 372, 396), Madurai Kaanchi ||
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|285 || Māran Valuthi || மாறன் வழுதி || Natrinai (97) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|286 || Māripithiyār || மாரிப்பித்தியார் || Purananuru (251, 252) ||
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|287 || Mārkandēyanār || மார்க்கண்டேயனார் || Purananuru (365) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|288 || Mārōkathu Nappasalaiyār || மாறோக்கத்து நப்பசலையார் || Natrinai (304), Purananuru (37, 39, 126, 174, 226, 280, 383) ||
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|289 || Mārōkokathu Kāmakkani Nappālathanār || மாறோகத்து காமக்கணி நப்பாலத்தனார் || Akananuru (377) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|290 || Marungūr Kilār Perunkannanār || மருங்கூர் கிழார் பெருங்கண்ணணார் || Akananuru (80) ||
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|291 || Marungūr Pākai Sāthan Poothanār || மருங்கூர்ப் பாகைச் சாத்தன் பூதனார் || Akananuru (327) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|292 || Marunkūr Pattinathu Chēnthan Kumaranār || மருங்கூர்ப் பட்டினத்துச் சேந்தன் குமரனார் || Natrinai (289) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|293 || Marutham Pādiya Ilankadunkō || மருதம் பாடிய இளங்கடுங்கோ || Akananuru (96, 176), Natrinai (50) ||
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|294 || Maruthan Ilanākanār || மருதன் இளநாகனார் || Natrinai (21, 39, 103), Purananuru (52, 138, 139), Kalithogai (66–100) || Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to later venpā.
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|295 || Māthirathanār || மாத்திரத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (113) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|296 || Matroor Kilār Makanār Kotram Kotranār || மாற்றூர் கிழார் மகனார் கொற்றங் கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (54) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|297 || Māvalathanār || மாவளத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (348) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|298 || Māyendanār (also known as Māyēndanār) || மாயெண்டனார் (மாயேண்டனார்) || Kurunthogai (235) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|299 || Meeli Perumpathumanār || மீளிப் பெரும்பதுமனார் || Natrinai (109) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|300 || Meeneri Thoondilār || மீனெறி தூண்டிலார் || Kurunthogai (54) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|301 || Milai Kanthanār || மிளைக் கந்தனார் || Kurunthogai (196) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|302 || Milaikilār Nalvēttanār || மிளை கிழார் நல்வேட்டனார் || Kurunthogai (341), Natrinai (210, 349) ||
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|303 || Milaipperum Kanthanār || மிளைப் பெருங் கந்தனார் || Kurunthogai (136, 204, 234) ||
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|304 || Milaivēl Thithanār || மிளை வேள் தித்தனார் || Kurunthogai (284) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|305 || Moolankeeranār || மூலங்கீரனார் || Natrinai (73) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|306 || Mōsi Kannathanār || மோசி கண்ணத்தனார் || Natrinai (124) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|307 || Mōsi Karaiyanār || மோசிக் கரையனார் || Akananuru (260) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|308 || [[Mosikeeranar|Mōsi Keeranār]] || மோசி கீரனார் || Akananuru (392), Kurunthogai (59, 84), Natrinai (342), Purananuru (50, 154, 155, 156, 186) ||
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|309 || Mōsi Kotranār || மோசி கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (377) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|310 || Mōsi Sāthanār || மோசி சாத்தனார் || Purananuru (272) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|311 || Mōthāsanār || மோதாசானார் || Kurunthogai (229) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|312 || Mudangi Kidantha Nedunchēralāthan || முடங்கிக் கிடந்த நெடுஞ்சேரலாதன் || Akananuru (30) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|313 || Mudathirumāranār || முடத்திருமாறனார் || Natrinai (105, 228) ||
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|314 || Mudatthāmak Kanniyār || முடத்தாமக்கண்ணியார் || Porunaraatruppadai || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|315 || Mukkāl Āsan Nelvellaiyār || முக்கல் ஆசான் நல்வெள்ளையார் || Natrinai (272) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|316 || Mulliyūr Poothiyār || முள்ளியூர்ப் பூதியார் || Akananuru (173) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|317 || Muppēr Nākanār || முப்பேர் நாகனார் || Natrinai (314) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|318 || Muranjiyūr Mudinākanār || முரஞ்சியூர் முடிநாகனார் || Purananuru (2) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|319 || Muthukootranār || முதுகூற்றனார் || Natrinai (28, 58) ||
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|320 || Muthuvenkannanār || முதுவெங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (232) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|321 || Nākam Pōthanār || நாகம் போத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (282) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|322 || Nakkannaiyār (also known as Perunkōli Nāyakkan Makal Nakkannaiyār) || நக்கண்ணையார் (பெருங்கோழி நாயக்கன் மகள் நக்கண்ணையார்) || Akananuru (252), Natrinai (19, 87), Purananuru (83, 84, 85) ||
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|323 || Nakkeeranār || நக்கீரனார் || Akananuru (120, 249, 310, 340, 389), Kurunthogai (78, 105, 161, 266, 280, 368), Natrinai (31), Nedunalvaadai ||
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|324 || [[Nakkeerar]] || நக்கீரர் || Akananuru (57, 126, 141, 205, 227, 253, 290, 346, 369), Kurunthogai (78, 105, 161, 266, 280, 368), Natrinai (86, 197, 258, 340, 358, 367), Tirumurugatruppadai || There were several poets with the name Nakkeerar in the Sangam period (such as Nakkeerar, Nakkeeranār, Kanakkāyanār Makanar Nakkeranār)
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|325 || Nallachuthanar || நல்லச்சுதனார் || Paripaadal (21) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|326 || Nallalisiyār || நல்லழிசியார் || Paripaadal (16, 17) ||
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|327 || Nallāvūr Kilār || நல்லாவூர் கிழார் || Akananuru (86), Natrinai (154) ||
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|328 || Nalleluthiyār || நல்லெழுதியார் (நல்லெழுநியார்) || Paripaadal (13) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|329 || Nalliraiyanār || நல்லிறையனார் || Purananuru (393) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|330 || [[Nallur Naththathanar|Nallūr Nathathanār]] || இடைக்கழி நாட்டு நல்லூர் நத்தத்தனார் || Sirupanatruppadai || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|331 || Nallūr Siru Mēthāviyār || நல்லூர்ச் சிறுமேதாவியார் || Natrinai (282) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|332 || Nalvaluthiyār || நல்வழுதியார் || Paripaadal (12) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|333 || Nalvettanār || நல்வேட்டனார் || Natrinai (53, 292) ||
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|334 || Nalvilakkanār || நல்விளக்கனார் || Natrinai (85) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|335 || Nāmalār Makanār Ilankannanār || நாமலார் மகனார் இளங்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (250) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|336 || Nampi Kuttuvanār || நம்பி குட்டுவனார் || Kurunthogai (109, 243), Natrinai (145, 236, 345) ||
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|337 || Nampi Neduncheliyan || நம்பி நெடுஞ்செழியன் || Purananuru (239) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|338 || Nannākaiyār || நன்னாகையார் || Kurunthogai (118, 325) ||
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|339 || [[Sirumedhaviyar|Nanpalūr Sirumēthāviyār]] || நன்பலூர் சிறு மேதாவியார் || Akananuru (94, 394) ||
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|340 || [[Nappalatthanar|Nappālathanār]] || நப்பாலத்தனார் || Natrinai (240) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|341 || Nappannanār || நப்பண்ணனார் || Paripaadal (19) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|342 || Naraimudi Nettaiyar || நரைமுடி நெட்டையர் || Akananuru (339) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|343 || Narchēnthanār || நற்சேந்தனார் || Natrinai (128) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|344 || [[Nariveruvu Thalaiyar|Nariverūuth Thalaiyār]] || நரிவெரூஉத் தலையார் || Kurunthogai (5, 236), Purananuru (5, 195) ||
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|345 || Natramanār || நற்றமனார் || Natrinai (133) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|346 || Natran Kotranār || நற்றங் கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (136) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|347 || Nedumpalliyathai || நெடும்பல்லியத்தை || Kurunthogai (178) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|348 || Nedumpalliyathanār || நெடும்பல்லியத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (203), Purananuru (64) ||
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|349 || Nedunkalathu Paranar || நெடுங்களத்துப் பரணர் || Purananuru (291) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|350 || Neduvennilavinār || நெடுவெண்ணிலவினார் || Kurunthogai (47) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|351 || Nettimaiyār || நெட்டிமையார் || Purananuru (9, 12, 15) ||
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|352 || Neythal Kārkkiyār || நெய்தல் கார்க்கியர் || Kurunthogai (55, 212) ||
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|353 || Neythal Sāythuytha Avūr Kilār || நெய்தல் சாய்த்துய்த்த ஆவூர் கிழார் || Akananuru (112) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|354 || Neythal Thathathanār || நெய்தல் தத்தனார் || Akananuru (243), Natrinai (49, 130) ||
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|355 || Nikandan Kalaikōttu Thandanār || நிகண்டன் கலைக்கோட்டுத் தண்டனார் || Natrinai (382) ||
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|356 || Nochi Niyamankilār || நொச்சி நியமங்கிழார் || Akananuru (52), Natrinai (17, 208, 209), Purananuru (293) ||
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|357 || Nōy Padiyār || நோய் பாடியார் || Akananuru (67) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|358 || Okkūr Māsāthanār || ஒக்கூர் மாசாத்தனார் || Akananuru (14), Purananuru (248) ||
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|359 || Okkūr Māsāthiyār || ஒக்கூர் மாசாத்தியார் || Akananuru (324, 384), Kurunthogai (126, 139, 186, 220, 275), Purananuru (279) ||
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|360 || Ollaiyan Chenkannanār || ஒல்லையாயன் செங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (279) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|361 || Ollaiyūr Kilān Makan Perunchāthan || ஒல்லையூர் கிழான் மகன் பெருஞ்சாத்தன் || Purananuru (242, 243) ||
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|362 || Ollaiyūr Thantha Poothapandiyan || ஒல்லையூர் தந்த பூதப்பாண்டியன் || Akananuru (25), Purananuru (71) ||
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|363 || Oon Pithaiyār || ஊண் பித்தையார் || Kurunthogai (232) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|364 || Oonpothi Pasunkudaiyār || ஊன்பொதி பசுங்குடையார் || Purananuru (10, 203, 370, 378) ||
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|365 || Ootiyār || ஊட்டியார் || Akananuru (68, 388) ||
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|366 || Ōr Ēr Uluvanār || ஓர் ஏர் உழவனார் || Kurunthogai (131), Purananuru (193) ||
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|367 || Ōrampōkiyār || ஓரம்போகியார் || Ainkurunuru (1–100), Akananuru (286, 316), Kurunthogai (10, 70, 122, 127, 384), Natrinai (20, 360), Purananuru (284) ||
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|368 || Ōril Pichaiyār || ஓரில் பிச்சையார் || Kurunthogai (277) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|369 || Ōrōdakathu Kantharathanār || ஓரோடோகத்து கந்தரத்தனார் || Akananuru (23, 95, 191) ||
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|370 || Oru Sirai Periyanār || ஒரு சிறைப் பெரியனார் || Kurunthogai (272), Natrinai (121), Purananuru (137) ||
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|371 || Orūuthanār || ஒரூஉத்தனார் || Purananuru (275) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|372 || Ōthagnāniyār || ஓதஞானியார் || Kurunthogai (227) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|373 || Ōthalānthaiyār || ஓதலாந்தையார் || Ainkurunuru (301–400), Kurunthogai (12, 21, 329) ||
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|374 || Padumarathu Mōsikeeranār || படுமரத்து மோசிகீரனார் || Kurunthogai (33, 75, 383) ||
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|375 || Padumarathu Mōsikotranār || படுமாத்து மோசிகொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (376) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|376 || Pakkudukkai Nankaniyār || பக்குடுக்கை நன்கணியார் || Purananuru (194) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|377 || Pālai Gouthamanār || பாலைக் கெளதமனார் || Pathitrupathu (21–30) ||
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|378 || Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō || பாலை பாடிய பெருங்கடுங்கோ || Akananuru (5, 99, 111, 155, 185, 223, 261, 267, 291, 313, 337, 379), Kurunthogai (16, 37, 124, 135, 137, 209, 231, 262, 283, 398), Natrinai (9, 48, 118, 202, 224, 256, 318, 337, 384, 391), Kalithogai (2–36) || Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to later venpā.
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|379 || Pālathanār || பாலத்தனார் || Natrinai (52) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|380 || Panampāranār || பனம்பாரனார் || Kurunthogai (52) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|381 || Pāndarankannanār || பாண்டரங்கண்ணனார் || Purananuru (16) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|382 || Pāndiyan Arivudainampi || பாண்டியன் அறிவுடைநம்பி || Akananuru (28), Kurunthogai (230), Natrinai (15), Purananuru (188) ||
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|383 || Pāndiyan Ariyappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan || பாண்டியன் ஆரியப்படை கடந்த நெடுஞ்செழியன் || Purananuru (183) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|384 || Pāndiyan Enāthi Nedunkannanār || பாண்டியன் ஏனாதி நெடுங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (373), Kurunthogai (156) ||
|-
|385 || Pāndiyan Māran Valuthi || பாண்டியன் மாறன் வழுதி || Natrinai (301) || Authored a sole Sangam verse; not to be confused with another poet named Maran Valuthi
|-
|386 || Pāndiyan Pannādu Thanthān || பாண்டியன் பன்னாடு தந்தான் || Kurunthogai (270) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|387 || Pāndiyan Thalaiyālankanathu Cheruvendra Neduncheliyan || பாண்டியன் தலையாலங்கானத்துச் செருவென்ற நெடுஞ்செழியன் || Purananuru (72) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|388 || [[Paranar]] || பரணர் || Akananuru (6, 62, 76, 116, 122, 125, 135, 142, 148, 152, 162, 178, 181, 186, 196, 198, 208, 212, 222, 226, 236, 246, 258, 262, 266, 276, 322, 326, 356, 367, 372, 376, 386, 396), Kurunthogai (19, 24, 36, 60, 73, 89, 120, 128, 165, 199, 258, 259, 292, 298, 328, 393, 399), Natrinai (6, 100, 201, 247, 260, 265, 270, 280, 300, 310, 350, 356), Purananuru (4, 63, 141, 142, 144, 145, 336, 341, 343, 348, 352, 354, 369), Pathitrupathu (41–50) ||
|-
|389 || Parayanār || பராயனார் || Natrinai (155) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|390 || Pāri Makalir || பாரி மகளிர் || Purananuru (112) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|391 || Pārkāppanār (also known as Pārakāparar) || பார்காப்பானார் (பாரகாபரர்) || Kurunthogai (254) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|392 || Paroovu Mōvāy Pathumanār || பரூஉ மோவாய்ப் பதுமனார் || Kurunthogai (101) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|393 || Pathadi Vaikalār || பதடி வைகலார் || Kurunthogai (323) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|394 || Pathumār || பதுமனார் || Kurunthogai (6) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|395 || Pāvai Kottilār || பாவை கொட்டிலார் || Akananuru (336) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|396 || Pērālavāyar || பேராலவாயர் || Natrinai (51) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|397 || Pēreyil Muruvalār (also known as Pēreyin Muruvalār) || பேரெயில் முறுவலார் (பேரெயின் முறுவலார்) || Kurunthogai (17), Purananuru (239) ||
|-
|398 || Perumpākkanār || பெரும்பாக்கனார் || Kurunthogai (296) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|399 || Perumpathumanār || பெரும்பதுமனார் || Kurunthogai (7), Natrinai (2), Purananuru (199) ||
|-
|400 || Perunchāthanār || பெருஞ்சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (263) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|401 || [[Perunchithiranar (Sangam poet)|Perunchithiranār]] || பெருஞ்சித்திரனார் || Purananuru (158–163, 207, 208, 237, 238) ||
|-
|402 || Perunkannanār || பெருங்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (289, 310), Natrinai (137) ||
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|403 || Perunkōli Nāyakkan Makal Nakkannaiyār || பெருங்கோழி நாய்கன் மகள் நக்கண்ணையார் || Purananuru (83, 84, 85) ||
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|404 || Perunkousikanār || பெருங்கௌசிகனார் || Natrinai (44, 139), Malaipatukataam ||
|-
|405 || Perunkundrūr Kilār || பெருங்குன்றூர் கிழார் || Akananuru (8), Kurunthogai (338), Natrinai (5, 112, 119, 347), Purananuru (147, 210, 211, 266, 318), Pathitrupathu (81–90) ||
|-
|406 || Perunthalai Sathanār || பெருந்தலைச் சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (13), Natrinai (262), Purananuru (151, 164, 165, 205, 209, 294) ||
|-
|407 || Perunthēvanār || பெருந்தேவனார் || Akananuru (51), Natrinai (83) ||
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|408 || Perunthōt Kurunchāthanār || பெருந்தோட் குறுஞ்சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (308) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|409 || Peruvaluthi || பெருவழுதி || Natrinai (55, 56) ||
|-
|410 || Pēyanār || பேயனார் || Ainkurunuru (401–500), Akananuru (234), Kurunthogai (233, 359, 400) ||
|-
|411 || Pēyār || பேயார் || Kurunthogai (339) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|412 || Pēymakal Ilaveyiniyār || பேய்மகள் இளவெயினியார் || Purananuru (11) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|413 || Piramanār || பிரமனார் || Purananuru (357) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|414 || Piramasāri || பிரமசாரி || Natrinai (34) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|415 || Pirān Sāthanār || பிரான் சாத்தனார் || Natrinai (68) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|416 || Pisiranthaiyār || பிசிராந்தையார் || Akananuru (308), Natrinai (91), Purananuru (67, 184, 191, 212) ||
|-
|417 || Ponmaniyār || பொன்மணியார் || Kurunthogai (391) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|418 || [[Ponmudiyar|Ponmudiyār]] || பொன்முடியார் || Purananuru (299, 310, 312) ||
|-
|419 || Ponnākanār || பொன்னாகனார் || Kurunthogai (114) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|420 || Pōnthai Pasalaiyār || போந்தைப் பசலையார் || Akananuru (110) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|421 || Poonkannanār || பூங்கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (253) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|422 || Poonkanuthiraiyār || பூங்கணுத்திரையார் || Kurunthogai (48, 171), Purananuru (277) ||
|-
|423 || Pootha Thēvanār || பூதத் தேவனார் || Kurunthogai (285), Natrinai (80) ||
|-
|424 || Poothampullanār (also known as Pootham Pulavar) || பூதம்புல்லனார் (பூதம் புலவர்) || Kurunthogai (190) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|425 || Poothanār || பூதனார் || Natrinai (29) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|426 || Poothankannanār || பூதங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (140) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|427 || Porunthil Ilankeeranār || பொருந்தில் இளங்கீரனார் || Akananuru (19, 351), Purananuru (53) ||
|-
|428 || Pothanār || போதனார் || Natrinai (110) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|429 || Pothiyār || பொத்தியார் || Purananuru (217, 220, 221, 222, 223) ||
|-
|430 || Pothukkayathu Keeranthaiyār || பொதுக்கயத்துக் கீரந்தையார் || Kurunthogai (337) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|431 || Pothumpil Kilān Vennkannanār || பொதும்பில் கிழான் வெண்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (192) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|432 || Pothumpil Kilār || பொதும்பில் கிழார் || Natrinai (57) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|433 || Pothumpil Kilār Makanār Vennkanniyār || பொதும்பில் கிழார் மகனார் வெண்கண்ணியார் || Natrinai (375, 387) ||
|-
|434 || Pothumpil Pullālan Kanninār || பொதும்பில் புல்லாளங் கண்ணினார் || Akananuru (154) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|435 || Poykaiyār || பொய்கையார் || Natrinai (18), Purananuru (48, 49) ||
|-
|436 || Pullatrūr Eyitriyanār || புல்லாற்றூர் எயிற்றியனார் || Purananuru (213) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|437 || Puranāttu Perunkotranār || புறநாட்டுப் பெருங் கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (323) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|438 || Purathinai Nannākanār || புறத்திணை நன்னாகனார் || Purananuru (176, 376, 379, 381, 384) ||
|-
|439 || Puthukayathu Vannakkan Kampūrkilar || புதுக்கயத்து வண்ணக்கன் கம்பூர்கிழார் || Natrinai (294) ||
|-
|440 || Queen Perunkōpendu, wife of Pāndiyan PoothaPāndiyan || பூதப் பாண்டியன் தேவி பெருங்கோப்பெண்டு || Purananuru (246) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|441 || Sākālasanār || சாகலாசனார் || Akananuru (16, 270) ||
|-
|442 || Salliyankumaranār || சல்லியங்குமரனார் || Natrinai (141) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|443 || Sangavarunār Ennum Nākaraiyar || சங்கவருணர் என்னும் நாகரையர் || Purananuru (360) ||
|-
|444 || Sāthanār || சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (249) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|445 || Sāthanthaiyār || சாத்தந்தையார் || Natrinai (26), Purananuru (80, 81, 82, 287) ||
|-
|446 || Sathināthanār || சத்திநாதனார் || Kurunthogai (119) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|447 || Seethalai Sāthanār (also known as Madhurai Seethalai Sāthanār, Madhurai Koolavānikan Seethalai Sāthanār) || சீத்தலை சாத்தனார் (மதுரைச் சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார், மதுரைக் கூலவாணிகன் சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார்) || Akananuru (53, 134, 229, 306, 320); Natrinai (36, 127, 339); Purananuru (59); Kurunthogai (154) ||
|-
|448 || Sēkampoothanār || சேகம்பூதனார் || Natrinai (69) ||
|-
|449 || Sellūr Kilār Makanār Perumpoothankotranār || செல்லூர் கிழார் மகனார் பெரும்பூதங்கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (250) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|450 || Sellūr Kōsikan Kannanār || செல்லூர் கோசிகன் கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (66) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|451 || Sellūr Kotranār || செல்லூர் கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (363) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|452 || Sempiyanār || செம்பியனார் || Natrinai (102) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|453 || [[Sempulapeyaneerar|Sempulapēyaneerār]] || செம்புலப் பெயனீரார் || Kurunthogai (40) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|454 || Senkannanār || செங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (122) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|455 || Seyalūr Ilanpon Sāthan Kotranār || செயலூர் இளம்பொன் சாத்தன் கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (177) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|456 || Seythi Valluvar Perunchāthanār || செய்தி வள்ளுவர் பெருஞ்சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (228) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|457 || Siraikkudi Ānthaiyār || சிறைக்குடி ஆந்தையார் || Kurunthogai (56, 57, 62, 132, 168, 222, 273, 300), Natrinai (16) ||
|-
|458 || Sirumōlikanār || சிறுமோலிகனார் || Natrinai (61) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|459 || Siruventhēraiyār || சிறுவெண்தேரையார் || Purananuru (362) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|460 || Thāmarpal Kannanār || தாமற்பல் கண்ணனார் || Purananuru (43) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|461 || Thāmotharanār || தாமோதரனார் || Kurunthogai (92) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|462 || Thanimakanār || தனிமகனார் || Natrinai (219) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|463 || Thankāl Āthireyan Chenkannanār || தங்கால் ஆத்திரேயன் செங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (386) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
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|464 || Thānkāl Porkollanār (also known as Thangāl Mudakkollanār, Thangāl Porkollan Vennākanār, Thankāl Mudakkotranār) || தங்கால் பொற்கொல்லனார் (தங்கால் முடக்கொல்லனார், தங்கால் பொற்கொல்லன் வெண்ணாகனார், தங்கால் முடக்கொற்றனார்) || Akananuru (48, 108, 355), Kurunthogai (217), Natrinai (313), Purananuru (326) ||
|-
|465 || Thāyankannanār || தாயங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (105, 132, 213, 237), Kurunthogai (319), Natrinai (219) ||
|-
|466 || Thāyankanniyār || தாயங்கண்ணியார் || Purananuru (250) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|467 || Theenmathi Nākanār || தீன்மதி நாகனார் || Kurunthogai (111) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|468 || Theratharanār || தேரதரனார் || Kurunthogai (195) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|469 || Thēvakulathār || தேவகுலத்தார் || Kurunthogai (3) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|470 || Thēvanār || தேவனார் || Natrinai (227) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|471 || Thēypuri Palankayitrinār || தேய்புரிப் பழங்கயிற்றினார் || Natrinai (284) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|472 || Thippu Tholār || திப்புத்தோளார் || Kurunthogai (1) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|473 || Thiruthāmanār || திருத்தாமனார் || Purananuru (398) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|474 || [[Thoditthalai Viluthandinar|Thodithalai Viluthandinār]] || தொடித்தலை விழுத்தண்டினார் || Purananuru (243) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|475 || [[Tholkapilar]] || தொல்கபிலர் || Akananuru (282), Kurunthogai (14), Natrinai (114, 276, 328, 399) ||
|-
|476 || Thondaimān Ilanthiraiyan || தொண்டைமான் இளந்திரையன் || Natrinai (106), Purananuru (185) ||
|-
|477 || Thondi Āmūr Sāthanār || தொண்டி ஆமூர்ச் சாத்தனார் || Akananuru (169) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|478 || Thoongalēriyār || தூங்கலோரியார் || Kurunthogai (151, 295), Natrinai (60) ||
|-
|479 || Thumpai Sokinanār || தும்பைச் சொகினனார் || Purananuru (249) || Authored a sole Sangam verse; this poet could be Thumpisēr Keeranār according to Avvai Duraisamy
|-
|480 || Thumpisēr Keeranār || தும்பிசேர் கீரனார் || Kurunthogai (61, 316, 320, 392), Natrinai (277) || Could be Thumpai Sokinanār according to Avvai Duraisamy
|-
|481 || Thuraikuru Māvir Pālankotranār || துறைக்குறு மாவிற் பாலங்கொற்றனார் || Natrinai (286) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|482 || Thuraiyūr Ōdai Kilār || துறையூர் ஓடை கிழார் || Purananuru (136) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|483 || Ukāykkudi Kilār || உகாய்க்குடிகிழார் || Kurunthogai (63) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|484 || [[Ukkira Peruvaluthi]] || பாண்டியன் உக்கிரப் பெருவழுதி || Akananuru (26), Natrinai (98) ||
|-
|485 || Ulōchanār || உலோச்சனார் || Akananuru (20, 100, 190, 200, 210, 300, 330, 400), Kurunthogai (175, 177, 205, 248), Natrinai (11, 38, 63, 64, 74, 131, 149, 191, 203, 223, 249, 254, 278, 287, 311, 331, 354, 363, 372, 398), Purananuru (258, 274, 377) ||
|-
|486 || Ulunthinaim Pulavanār || உழுந்தினைம் புலவனார் || Kurunthogai (333) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|487 || Umattūr Kilār Makanār Parankotranār || உமட்டூர் கிழார் மகனார் பரங்கொற்றனார் || Akananuru (69) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|488 || Umparkattu Ilankannanār || உம்பற்காட்டு இளங்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (264) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|489 || Uraiyanār || உறையனார் || Kurunthogai (207) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|490 || Uraiyūr Challiyan Kumāranār || உறையூர்ச் சல்லியன் குமாரனார் || Kurunthogai (309) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|491 || Uraiyūr Ēnichēri Mudamōsiyār || உறையூர் ஏணிச்சேரி முடமோசியார் || Purananuru (13, 127–135, 241, 374, 375) ||
|-
|492 || Uraiyūr Ilampon Vānikanār || உறையூர் இளம்பொன் வாணிகனார் || Purananuru (264) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|493 || Uraiyūr Kathuvāy Sāthanār || உறையூர்க் கதுவாய்ச் சாத்தனார் || Natrinai (370) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|494 || [[Uraiyur Marutthuvan Dhamodharanar|Uraiyūr Maruthuvan Thāmōtharanār]] || உறையூர் மருத்துவன் தாமோதரனார் || Akananuru (133, 257), Purananuru (60, 170, 321) ||
|-
|495 || Uraiyūr Muthukannan Sāthanār || உறையூர் முதுகண்ணன் சாத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (133), Purananuru (27, 28, 29, 30, 325) ||
|-
|496 || [[Uraiyur Mudhukootthanar|Uraiyūr Muthukootranār]] (also known as Uraiyūr Muthukoothanār) || உறையூர் முதுகூற்றனார் (உறையூர் முதுகூத்தனார்) || Akananuru (137, 329), Kurunthogai (353, 371), Purananuru (331) ||
|-
|497 || Uraiyūr Muthukotranār || உறையூர் முதுகொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (221, 390) ||
|-
|498 || Uraiyūr Palkāyanār || உறையூர்ப் பல்காயனார் || Kurunthogai (374) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|499 || Uraiyūr Sirukanthanār || உறையூர்ச் சிறுகந்தனார் || Kurunthogai (357) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|500 || Urōdakathu Kantharathanār (also known as Urodakathu Kārathanār, Orodakathu Kanthrathanār) || உரோடகத்துக் கந்தரத்தனார் (உரோடகத்துக் காரத்தனார், ஓரோடகத்துக் கந்தரத்தனார்) || Akananuru (23, 95, 191), Kurunthogai (155), Natrinai (306) ||
|-
|501 || Uruthiranār || உருத்திரனார் || Kurunthogai (274) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|502 || Uvarkannoor Pullankeeranār || உவர்க்கண்ணூர் புல்லங்கீரனார் || Akananuru (146) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|503 || Vādā Prapanthanār || வாடாப் பிரபந்தனார் || Kurunthogai (331) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|504 || Vadama Vannakkan Pērisāthanār (also known as Pērisāthanār) || வடம வண்ணக்கன் பேரிசாத்தனார் (பேரிசாத்தனார்) || Akananuru (38, 214, 242, 268, 305), Kurunthogai (81, 159, 278, 314, 366), Natrinai (25, 37, 67, 104, 199, 299, 323, 378), Purananuru (198) ||
|-
|505 || Vadama Vannakkan Perunchāthanār || வடம வண்ணக்கன் பெருஞ்சாத்தனார் || Purananuru (125) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|506 || Vadama Vannakkan Thamotharanār || வடம வண்ணக்கன் தாமோதரனார் || Kurunthogai (85), Purananuru (172) ||
|-
|507 || Vadamōthankilār || வடமோதங்கிழார் || Akananuru (317), Purananuru (260) ||
|-
|508 || Vadanedunthathanār || வடநெடுந்தத்தனார் || Purananuru (179) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|509 || [[Valluvar]] (also known as Tiruvalluvar) || வள்ளுவர் (திருவள்ளுவர்) || [[Tirukkural]] || Authored a sole work containing 1330 verses; many modern scholars consider him to be a post-Sangam poet.
|-
|510 || Vānmeekiyār || வான்மீகியார் || Purananuru (358) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|511 || Vannakkan Sorumarunkumaranār || வண்ணக்கன் சோருமருங்குமரனார் || Natrinai (257) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|512 || Vannappura Kanthrathanār || வண்ணப்புறக் கந்தரத்தனார் || Akananuru (49), Natrinai (71) ||
|-
|513 || Vanparanar || வன்பரணர் || Natrinai (374), Purananuru (148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 255) ||
|-
|514 || Varumulaiyārithiyār || வருமுலையாரித்தியார் || Kurunthogai (176) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|515 || Vāyilān Thevanār || வாயிலான் தேவனார் || Kurunthogai (103, 108) ||
|-
|516 || Vāyililankannanār || வாயிலிளங் கண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (346) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|517 || Veerai Veliyan Thithanār || வீரை வெளியன் தித்தனர் || Akananuru (188) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|518 || Veerai Veliyanār || வீரை வெளியனார் || Purananuru (320) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|519 || Vellādiyanār || வெள்ளாடியனார் || Akananuru (29) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|520 || Vellai Kannathanar || வெள்ளைக் கண்ணத்தனார் || Akananuru (64) ||
|-
|521 || Vellai Māranār || வெள்ளை மாறனார் || Purananuru (296) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|522 || Vellaikudi Nākanār || வெள்ளைக்குடி நாகனார் || Purananuru (35), Natrinai (158, 196) ||
|-
|523 || Vellerukkilaiyār || வெள்ளெருக்கிலையார் || Purananuru (233, 234) ||
|-
|524 || [[Velliveedhiyar|Velliveethiyār]] || வெள்ளிவீதியார் || Akananuru (45, 362), Kurunthogai (27, 44, 58, 130, 146, 149, 169, 386), Natrinai (70, 335, 348) ||
|-
|525 || Velliyanthinnanār || வெள்ளியந்தின்னனார் || Natrinai (101) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|526 || Vēmpatrūr Kannan Koothanār || வேம்பற்றூர்க் கண்ணன் கூத்தனார் || Kurunthogai (362) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|527 || Vēmpatrūr Kumaranār || வேம்பற்றூர்க் குமரனார் || Akananuru (157), Purananuru (317) ||
|-
|528 || Venkannanār || வெண்கண்ணனார் || Akananuru (130) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|529 || Venmanipoothiyār || வெண்மணிப்பூதியார் || Kurunthogai (299) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|530 || Venni Kuyathiyār || வெண்ணிக் குயத்தியார் || Purananuru (66) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|531 || Vennkotranār || வெண்கொற்றனார் || Kurunthogai (86) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|532 || Vennpoothanār || வெண்பூதனார் || Kurunthogai (83) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|533 || Vennpoothiyār (also known as Vellūr Kilār Makanār Vennpoothiyār) || வெண்பூதியார் (வெள்ளூர்கிழார் மகனார் வெண்பூதியார்) || Kurunthogai (97, 174, 219) ||
|-
|534 || Veri Pādiya Kāmakanniyār || வெறி பாடிய காமக்கண்ணியார் || Akananuru (22, 98), Purananuru (271, 302), Natrinai (268) ||
|-
|535 || Vēttakannanār || வேட்டகண்ணனார் || Kurunthogai (389) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|536 || Vilikatpēthai Perunkannanār || விழிகட்பேதைப் பெருங்கண்ணனார் || Natrinai (242) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|537 || Villakaviralinār || வில்லகவிரலினார் || Kurunthogai (370) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|538 || Vinaitholil Sōkeeranār || வினைத்தொழில் சோகீரனார் || Natrinai (319) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|539 || Virichiyūr Nannākaiyār || விரிச்சியூர் நன்னாகனார் || Purananuru (292) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|540 || Viriyūr Nakkannār || விரியூர் நக்கனார் || Purananuru (332) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|-
|541 || Vitrootru Vannakkan Thathathanār || விற்றூற்று வண்ணக்கன் தத்தனார் || Natrinai (298) ||
|-
|542 || Vitrūtru Mūtheyinanār || விற்றூற்று மூதெயினனார் || Akananuru (37, 136, 288), Kurunthogai (372) ||
|-
|543 || Vittakuthiraiyār || விட்டகுதிரையார் || Kurunthogai (74) || Authored a sole Sangam verse
|}

==See also==
* [[Third Sangam]]
* [[Sangam landscape]]

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last = Gopalan | first = P. V. | title = புலவர் அகராதி [Dictionary of Poets] | publisher = M. Duraisami Mudaliyar and Company | edition = 1 | date = 1957 | location = Chennai | language = ta }}

== External links ==
* [https://learnsangamtamil.com/list-of-sangam-poets/ Sangam Poets and Poems]

{{Portal bar|Tamils|India|Philosophy|Literature|Poetry}}
{{Tamil language|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Sangam literature]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Tamil Nadu]]

Kanker rock gecko

2026-03-13T17:05:17Z

Associatedin21: made the entry needs work...

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Hemidactylus yajurvedi.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemidactylus yajurvedi {{!}} IUCN RedList |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/127941637/127941640 |website=iucnredlist.org}}</ref>
| genus = Hemidactylus
| species = yajurvedi
| authority = Murthy, [[Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], Lajmi, Agarwal, & Giri, 2015
| synonyms = ''Hemidactylus hemidactylus yajurvedi''
}}

The '''Kanker rock gecko''' ('''''Hemidactylus yajurvedi''''') is a species of [[gecko]]. It is [[endemic]] to [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]].<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=yajurvedi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q22009270}}

[[Category:Hemidactylus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2015]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer]]
{{Hemidactylus-stub}}

Life of Pi (film)

2026-03-13T15:09:22Z

Associatedin21: typo fix

{{short description|2012 film by Ang Lee}}
{{distinguish|Pi (film){{!}}''Pi'' (film)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Life of Pi
| image = Life of Pi 2012 Poster.jpg
| alt = A young man and a tiger are in a boat at sea.
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ang Lee]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Gil Netter
* Ang Lee
* [[David Womark]]
}}
| writer =
| screenplay = [[David Magee]]
| story =
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Life of Pi]]''|[[Yann Martel]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Suraj Sharma]]
* [[Irrfan Khan]]
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
* [[Rafe Spall]]
* [[Gérard Depardieu]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Mychael Danna]]
| cinematography = [[Claudio Miranda]]
| editing = [[Tim Squyres]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]
* [[RatPac-Dune Entertainment|Dune Entertainment]]
* [[Ingenious Media]]
* Haishang Films
}}
| distributor = [[20th Century Fox]]
| released = {{Film date|2012|09|28|[[New York Film Festival|NYFF]]|2012|11|21|United States}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country =
{{plainlist|
* United States
* United Kingdom
* Taiwan
}}
| language = English
| budget = $120 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Life-of-Pi|title=Life of Pi (2012) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=January 4, 2022|archive-date=January 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104203335/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Life-of-Pi|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = $609 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2640217601/|title=Life of Pi|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 4, 2022|archive-date=October 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020134956/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lifeofpi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Life of Pi''''' is a 2012 [[adventure drama film|adventure-drama]] film directed and produced by [[Ang Lee]] and written by [[David Magee]]. Based on [[Yann Martel]]'s [[Life of Pi|2001 novel]], it stars [[Suraj Sharma]] in his film debut, [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Rafe Spall]], [[Gérard Depardieu]] and [[Adil Hussain]] in lead roles. The storyline revolves around Pi Patel, a 16-year old Indian boy, and a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker, who are both stranded on a lifeboat for 227 days after a shipwreck.

The film began development shortly after the release of the book and would see directors [[M. Night Shyamalan]], [[Alfonso Cuarón]] and [[Jean-Pierre Jeunet]] involved at various stages before the hiring of Lee. Filming was split between [[India]], [[Taiwan]] and [[Montreal]] in 2011, with [[Rhythm & Hues Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H)]] handling the visual effects work.

The film had its [[premiere|worldwide premiere]] as the opening film of the 50th [[New York Film Festival]] at both the [[Walter Reade Theater]] and [[Alice Tully Hall]] in [[New York City]] on September 28, 2012. It was theatrically released in the United States on November 21 by [[20th Century Fox]].

''Life of Pi'' became a commercial success, having grossed over $609 million, and received positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, including [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Picture – Drama]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], and won for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]]. At the [[85th Academy Awards]], it had 11 nominations, including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]], and won four, including [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Ang Lee.

==Plot==

In [[Montreal]], Canada, a writer meets Pi Patel, whom he has been told would be a good subject for a book. Pi tells the writer the following story:

Pi's father names him Piscine Molitor Patel after [[Piscine Molitor]], a famous French swimming pool. In secondary school in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], he adopts the Greek letter "[[Pi (letter)|Pi]]" as his nickname to avoid bullying, because his first name Piscine sounds like ‘pissing’. He is raised in a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] family, but at 12 years old, he is introduced to [[Catholic Christianity|Christianity]] and then [[Islam]], and decides to follow all three religions as he "just wants to love God".

Pi's mother supports his desire to grow, but his rationalist father tries to secularize him. Their family owns a zoo, and Pi takes interest in a [[Bengal tiger]] named Richard Parker. After he gets dangerously close to Richard Parker, his father forces him to witness it killing a goat.

When Pi is 16, his father announces that due to "[[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]]", they must move to Canada, where he intends to settle and sell the animals. The family books passage with the animals on a Japanese freighter. During a storm, the ship [[Shipwrecking|founders]] while Pi is on deck. He struggles to find his family, but a crewman throws him into a lifeboat. A freed [[plains zebra]] jumps onto the boat with him, breaking its leg. The ship sinks into the [[Mariana Trench]], drowning his family.

After the storm, Pi awakens in the lifeboat with the zebra and is joined by a [[Bornean orangutan]]. A [[spotted hyena]] emerges from under a [[tarpaulin]], forcing Pi to retreat to the end of the boat. The hyena kills the zebra and later the orangutan. Richard Parker suddenly emerges from under the tarpaulin, killing the hyena before retreating to cover.

Pi fashions a small raft which he tethers to the lifeboat to be safe from Richard Parker. His moral code is against killing, but he begins fishing, enabling him to sustain the tiger. When the tiger jumps into the sea to hunt for fish and swims toward Pi, he considers letting him drown but ultimately helps him into the boat. One night, a [[humpback whale]] destroys the raft and its supplies. Pi trains Richard Parker to accept him in the boat and realizes that caring for the tiger is helping to keep himself alive.

Weeks later, they encounter a [[floating island]]. It is a lush jungle of edible plants, freshwater pools and a large population of [[meerkat]]s, enabling Pi and Richard Parker to eat, drink and regain strength. At night, the island transforms into a hostile environment. Richard Parker retreats to the lifeboat while Pi and the meerkats sleep in the trees; the water pools turn acidic. Pi deduces that the island is carnivorous after finding a human tooth embedded in a flower.

Pi and Richard Parker leave the island, reaching [[Mexico]] after over 200 days at sea. Pi is heartbroken that Richard Parker does not acknowledge him before disappearing into the jungle. While he recovers in a hospital, insurance agents for the Japanese freighter company interview him, but do not believe his story and ask what really happened, specifically concerning why the ship sank.

So Pi retells the story, in which the animals are replaced by humans: his mother for the orangutan, an amiable [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] sailor for the zebra, the ship's brutish cook for the hyena, and Pi himself for Richard Parker. The cook kills the sailor and feeds on his flesh. He then kills Pi's mother, after which Pi kills him and uses his remains as food and fish bait. The insurance agents are dissatisfied with this story but leave without questioning him further.

When the writer recognizes the animal story may be an [[allegory]] for the human story, Pi says that it does not matter which story is true because his family died either way, and neither story provides the explanation the insurance company wanted. He asks which story the author prefers, and the author chooses the first, to which Pi replies, "and so it goes with God". Glancing at a copy of the insurance report, the writer reads that Pi survived his adventure "in the company of an adult Bengal tiger".

==Cast==
{{castlist|
* [[Suraj Sharma]] as Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, age 16/17
** [[Irrfan Khan]] as Pi Patel, adult
** Gautam Belur as Pi Patel, age 5
** [[Ayush Tandon]] as Pi Patel, age 11/12
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Gita Patel, Pi's mother
* [[Rafe Spall]] as [[Yann Martel|The Writer]]
* [[Gérard Depardieu]] as the Cook
* [[Adil Hussain]] as Santosh Patel, Pi's father
* Vibish Sivakumar as Ravi, age 18/19
** Mohamed Abbas Khaleeli as Ravi, age 13/14
** Ayan Khan as Ravi Patel, Pi's older brother, age 7
* [[Andrea Di Stefano]] as the Priest
* Shravanthi Sainath as Anandi, Pi's adolescent girlfriend
* [[Mythili Prakash]] as Pi's wife
* Raj Patel as Ravi Patel, Pi's son (named in honor of Pi's brother)
* Hadiqa Hamid as Adita Patel, Pi's daughter
* Elie Alouf as Francis "Mamaji" Adirubasamy
* [[T. M. Karthik]] as Science Teacher
* [[R. Amarendran|Amarendran Ramanan]] as Indian History Teacher
* [[Wang Po-chieh]] as Buddhist Sailor
* [[Jag Huang]] as Sailor
}}

==Production==
===Development===
{{quote box|quote=I wanted to use water because the film is talking about faith, and it contains fish, life and every emotion for Pi. And air is God, heaven and something spiritual and death. That's how I see it. I believe the thing we call faith or God is our emotional attachment to the unknown. I'm Chinese; I believe in the Taoist Buddha. We don't talk about a deity, which is very much like this book; we're not talking about religion but God in the abstract sense, something to overpower you.|source=—Ang Lee, on the use of water and the spiritual element of ''Life of Pi'', November 17, 2012.<ref name=Chicago>{{cite news|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121117/PEOPLE/121119978|title=Ang Lee: Of water and Pi|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 17, 2012|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130030532/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121117%2FPEOPLE%2F121119978|archive-date=January 30, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>|width=35%|align=right}}

The project had numerous directors and writers attached, and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' credited [[Fox 2000 Pictures]] executive Elizabeth Gabler with keeping the project active.<ref name="Blow">{{cite news |last1=Zeitchik |first1=Steven |last2=Horn |first2=John |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2010/05/life-of-pi-ang-lee-movie-trouble.html |title='Life of Pi' suffers another blow |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=June 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608050140/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2010/05/life-of-pi-ang-lee-movie-trouble.html |archive-date=June 8, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The following October, Fox 2000 announced a partnership with [[M. Night Shyamalan]] to direct the film. Shyamalan was attracted to the novel particularly because its main character also comes from [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] in India. The partners anticipated for Shyamalan to direct the film adaptation after completing ''[[The Village (2004 film)|The Village]]''. He also replaced Georgaris as the screenwriter, writing a new screenplay for the film.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brodesser |first1=Claude |last2=McNary |first2=Dave |url=http://stage.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=news&articleid=VR1117893693 |title='Pi' in sky at Fox 2000 |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 8, 2003 |access-date=June 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720200830/http://stage.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=news&articleid=VR1117893693 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, Shyamalan chose to film ''[[Lady in the Water]]'' after ''The Village''; he said later, "I was hesitant [to direct] because the book has kind of a twist ending. And I was concerned that as soon as you put my name on it, everybody would have a different experience."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schwartz |first=Missy |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1190527,00.html |title='Water' Bearer |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=May 3, 2006 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725234935/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1190527,00.html |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In March 2005, Fox 2000 entered talks with [[Alfonso Cuarón]] to direct.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brodesser |first=Claude |url=http://stage.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=news&articleid=VR1117920378 |title=Inside Move: New baker for Fox's 'Pi' |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 31, 2005 |access-date=June 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720200902/http://stage.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=news&articleid=VR1117920378 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cuarón decided to direct ''[[Children of Men]]'' instead, and in October 2005, Fox 2000 hired [[Jean-Pierre Jeunet]] to direct the film. Jeunet began writing the screenplay with Guillaume Laurant, and filming was scheduled to begin in mid-2006, partially in India.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fleming |first=Michael |url=https://variety.com/2005/film/features/jeunet-gets-piece-of-pi-1117931447/ |title=Jeunet gets piece of 'Pi' |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 23, 2005 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229020402/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117931447/ |archive-date=December 29, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jeunet eventually left the project.<ref>{{cite web |title='Micmacs' Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet on the End of His 'Life of Pi' |date=February 26, 2010 |url=https://bbook.com/film/micmacs-director-jean-pierre-jeunet-on-the-end-of-his-life-of-pi/ |publisher=[[BlackBook]] |access-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017031421/https://bbook.com/film/micmacs-director-jean-pierre-jeunet-on-the-end-of-his-life-of-pi/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2009, Fox 2000 Pictures hired Ang Lee to direct the film.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fleming |first=Michael |url=https://variety.com/2009/film/markets-festivals/ang-lee-circles-life-of-pi-film-1118000240/ |title=Ang Lee circles 'Life of Pi' film |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 17, 2009 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229014147/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000240/ |archive-date=December 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2010, Lee and the producer Gil Netter proposed a reported budget of US$120 million, at which the studio balked, placing the project's development on hold for a short time.<ref name="Blow" /> David Magee was hired to write the screenplay, as Lee began to spend several months looking for someone to cast as Pi. Lee stated that water was a major inspiration behind making the film in 3-D: "I thought this was a pretty impossible movie to make technically. It's so expensive for what it is. You sort of have to disguise a philosophical book as an adventure story. I thought of 3-D half a year before 'Avatar' was on the screen. I thought water, with its transparency and reflection, the way it comes out to you in 3-D, would create a new theatrical experience and maybe the audience or the studio would open up their minds a little bit to accept something different."<ref name="Chicago" /> Following the premiere of the film, Lee stated that his desire to take risks and chances helped with his direction, saying "In a strange way it did feel like we're the vessels, we have to surrender to movie god. We have to let things happen. I just had this feeling, I'll follow this kid to wherever this movie takes me. I saw the movie start to unravel in front of me."<ref>{{cite web|work=CNN|title=Best News: Ang Lee surrenders to 'Movie Gods'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VndAxkVtABs|date=December 21, 2012|access-date=March 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801073618/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VndAxkVtABs|archive-date=August 1, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Pre-production and casting===
[[File:Suraj Sharma 2012 (Straighten Crop).jpg|thumb|[[Suraj Sharma]] was selected to portray the 16-year-old Pi.]]
After 3,000 young men auditioned for the film's lead, in October 2010 Lee cast [[Suraj Sharma]], a 17-year-old student and an acting newcomer.<ref name="Indian">{{cite magazine |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/news/indian-teen-newcomer-gets-life-of-pi-lead-1118026333/ |title=Indian teen newcomer gets 'Life of Pi' lead |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 25, 2010 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108100439/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118026333 |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Upon receiving the role, Sharma underwent extensive training in ocean survival, and in yoga and meditation practices to prepare for the part.<ref>{{cite web|last=Patches|first=Matt|title='Life of Pi' Newcomer Suraj Sharma Reveals Ang Lee's Acting Boot Camp|url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/Life_of_Pi_Suraj_Sharma_Interview_Ang_Lee_Bootcamp/44768800|website=[[Hollywood.com]]|access-date=November 25, 2012|date=November 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128002748/http://www.hollywood.com/news/Life_of_Pi_Suraj_Sharma_Interview_Ang_Lee_Bootcamp/44768800|archive-date=November 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Two months after Sharma was cast, it was announced that [[Gérard Depardieu]] would play the role of the Cook, [[Irrfan Khan]] would play the adult Pi, and [[Adil Hussain]] would play Pi's father, while [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] was in talks to play the role of Pi's mother.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fischer|first=Russ|title=Gerard Depardieu and Irrfan Khan Cast in Ang Lee's 'Life of Pi'|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/gerard-depardieu-irrfan-khan-ang-lee-life-pi/|website=Slash Film|access-date=November 20, 2012|date=December 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110212639/http://www.slashfilm.com/gerard-depardieu-irrfan-khan-ang-lee-life-pi/|archive-date=November 10, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Canadian actor [[Rajiv Surendra]], who had played a small part in ''[[Mean Girls]]'', was one of the auditioners for the role of Pi. In 2016, he published ''The Elephants in My Backyard'', a memoir of his failed campaign to win the part.<ref name=surendra>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/memoir-by-rajiv-surendra-traces-actors-parallels-with-life-of-pi/article32930166/ "Memoir by Rajiv Surendra traces actor's parallels with Life of Pi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113140331/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/memoir-by-rajiv-surendra-traces-actors-parallels-with-life-of-pi/article32930166/ |date=January 13, 2017 }}. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', November 18, 2016.</ref> In an interview with [[Deccan Chronicle]] in 2017, American actor [[Naren Weiss]] revealed that he too unsuccessfully auditioned for the role of Pi.<ref name=weiss>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/220617/shuttling-between-worlds.html/ "Shuttling between worlds"] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', June 22, 2017.</ref>

In April 2011, it was announced that [[Tobey Maguire]] would be joining the film in the role originally referred to as "a reporter."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Tobey Maguire Joins 'Life of Pi' Cast|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tobey-maguire-joins-life-pi-176597|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=November 20, 2012|date=April 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928025835/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tobey-maguire-joins-life-pi-176597|archive-date=September 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2012, it was announced that Lee had cut Maguire from the film: "to be consistent with the other casting choices made for the film, I decided to go with an entirely international cast"; Lee called Maguire "too jarringly recognizable". He reshot the scenes with [[Rafe Spall]] in the role of the book's actual author.<ref name="2012-09-06 Total Film">{{cite magazine |last1=Wales |first1=George |date=September 6, 2012 |title=Tobey Maguire cut from Ang Lee's Life Of Pi |url=http://www.totalfilm.com/news/tobey-maguire-cut-from-ang-lee-s-life-of-pi |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Total Film]] |language=en |issn=1366-3135 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235443/http://www.totalfilm.com/news/tobey-maguire-cut-from-ang-lee-s-life-of-pi |archive-date=March 7, 2013 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |quote=Director opts for 'entirely international cast'}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] for the film began on January 18, 2011, in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] at the Holy Rosary Church in [[Muthialpet]]. Filming continued in Puducherry until January 31 and moved to other parts of India, including [[Munnar]] in [[Kerala]], and [[Taiwan]]. The crew filmed in Taiwan for five and a half months in [[Taipei Zoo]], an airport in [[Taichung]], and [[Kenting National Park]], located in [[Pingtung County]] where Lee was born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/entertainment/20121120/34652623/|title=李安30億打造《奇幻漂流》掐預算導演兼伙夫|website=appledaily.com.tw|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=December 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129122422/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/entertainment/20121120/34652623/|archive-date=November 29, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ang Lee begins shooting in Pondy, Life of Pi' comes alive|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ang-Lee-begins-shooting-in-Pondy-Life-of-Pi-comes-alive/articleshow/7315483.cms|access-date=November 20, 2012|date=January 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531082016/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-19/india/28357265_1_ang-lee-pi-yann-martel|archive-date=May 31, 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The ocean scenes were shot at a giant wave tank built by the crew in an [[Shuinan Airport|abandoned airport]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Caro|first=Mark|title=A perilous journey for 'Life of Pi' director Ang Lee|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/11/16/a-perilous-journey-for-life-of-pi-director-ang-lee/|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 22, 2012|date=November 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123195052/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-11-16/entertainment/sc-mov-1114-ang-lee-life-pi-20121117_1_ang-lee-pi-yann-martel|archive-date=November 23, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kuo|first=Grace|title=Ang Lee thanks Taiwan for 'Life of Pi' shoot|url=https://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/Society/Top-News/19720/Ang-Lee-thanks-Taiwan-for-%E2%80%98Life-of-Pi%E2%80%99-shoot|work=Taiwan Today|access-date=April 1, 2025|date=November 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401221436/https://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/Society/Top-News/19720/Ang-Lee-thanks-Taiwan-for-%E2%80%98Life-of-Pi%E2%80%99-shoot|archive-date=April 1, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> The tank is known as the world's largest self-generating wave tank, with a capacity of {{convert|1.7|e6impgal}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Life of Pi|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/468652/about-life-of-pi/|work=News Desk|access-date=November 25, 2012|date=November 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122090232/http://tribune.com.pk/story/468652/about-life-of-pi/|archive-date=November 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> With production scheduled to last two and a half months at the tank, cinematographer [[Claudio Miranda]] assisted in the tank's design in order to get the most out of it for lighting, explaining, "We knew we were going to be inside there shooting for 2.5 months, so it was worth it to be able to do anything we want. On all these kind of scenes, we had an idea of what the weather would be like. In that tank, I can create storm clouds, nightfall. We had curtains that I can block out [light], doors to open and let in real sunlight," Miranda says. "So lighting-wise, [the movie] had a big ebb and flow."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Bierly|first=Mandi|title=Oscar-nominated cinematographers explain how they envelop you in the story|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/02/24/oscars-cinematography-life-of-pi/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=February 24, 2013|date=February 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225052607/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/02/24/oscars-cinematography-life-of-pi/|archive-date=February 25, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> After photography was completed in Taiwan, production moved back to India and concluded in [[Montreal]] into early 2012.<ref name="Indian" />

===Visual effects===
The main [[visual effects]] company for ''Life of Pi'' was [[Rhythm & Hues Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H)]]. 3D effects for the film were created by a team of R&H artists in Los Angeles, [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Vancouver]] and [[Kaohsiung]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/a-glimpse-of-rhythm-hues-asian-facilities-work-on-ang-lees-masterpiece-life-of-pi|title=A Glimpse of Rhythm & Hues (Asian Facilities) Work on Ang Lee's Masterpiece, 'Life of Pi.'|website=animationxpress.com|access-date=January 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106183329/http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/a-glimpse-of-rhythm-hues-asian-facilities-work-on-ang-lees-masterpiece-life-of-pi|archive-date=January 6, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgtantra.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=671&Itemid=40|title=Making of Life of Pi: In Conversation with R&H|website=cgtantra.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609110654/http://www.cgtantra.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=671&Itemid=40|archive-date=June 9, 2013}}</ref><ref name=r&h4>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/technology/rhythm-hues-taps-nvidia-life-pi|title=Rhythm & Hues Taps NVIDIA Technology for Life of Pi|website=awn.com|date=November 26, 2012|access-date=November 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203043818/http://www.awn.com/news/technology/rhythm-hues-taps-nvidia-life-pi|archive-date=December 3, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=r&h1>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/movies/creating-a-tiger-for-life-of-pi.html|title=A First Mate Bares His Fangs: Creating a Tiger for 'Life of Pi'|work=The New York Times|date=November 16, 2012|access-date=February 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223120736/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/movies/creating-a-tiger-for-life-of-pi.html|archive-date=December 23, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=soar>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgw.com/Press-Center/Web-Exclusives/2012/Rhythm-Hues-Makes-Skies-Soar.aspx|title=Rhythm & Hues Makes Skies Soar|website=cgw.com|date=November 27, 2012|access-date=December 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072240/http://www.cgw.com/Press-Center/Web-Exclusives/2012/Rhythm-Hues-Makes-Skies-Soar.aspx|archive-date=April 7, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F1%2F12%2Fnation%2F12566824&sec=nation|title=Malaysian team behind special effects for Life of Pi and Snow White movies|work=The Star|location=Malaysia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112002746/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F1%2F12%2Fnation%2F12566824&sec=nation|archive-date=January 12, 2013}}</ref>

The R&H VFX supervisor [[Bill Westenhofer]] said that discussions of the project began with Ang Lee in August 2009.<ref name=magic>{{cite news|url=http://graphics.latimes.com/storyboard-life-pi/?fb_comment_id=fbc_284814658308730_1265197_285327338257462#fca73fa8|title='Life of Pi's' digital magic|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 18, 2013|access-date=January 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223130610/http://graphics.latimes.com/storyboard-life-pi/?fb_comment_id=fbc_284814658308730_1265197_285327338257462#fca73fa8|archive-date=December 23, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=r&h5>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BrD_v5Vt70|title=Life of Pi's Stunning Effects|website=[[The Daily (News Corporation)|The Daily]]|date=November 26, 2012|access-date=September 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826144625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BrD_v5Vt70|archive-date=August 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Westenhofer noted that Lee "knew we had done the lion in the first [[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe|Narnia movie]]. He asked, 'Does a digital character look more or less real in 3D?' We looked at each other and thought that was a pretty good question."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Willman |first1=Chris |title=How 'Life of Pi' Animators Visualized Ang Lee's Blank Slate |date=December 11, 2012 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/wrap-awards-screening-how-aslans-digital-creators-went-lions-tigers-and-pi-oh-my-68851/ |publisher=[[TheWrap]] |access-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222011908/https://www.thewrap.com/wrap-awards-screening-how-aslans-digital-creators-went-lions-tigers-and-pi-oh-my-68851/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also stated that during these meetings, Lee said, "'I look forward to making art with you.' This was really for me one of the most rewarding things I've worked on and the first chance to really combine art with [[Visual effects|VFX]]. Every shot was artistic exploration, to make the ocean a character and make it interesting we had to strive to make it as visually stunning as possible."<ref name=r&h3>{{cite web|url=http://www.fxguide.com/featured/life-of-pi/|title=Life of Pi: a tiger's tale|website=fxguide.com|date=November 26, 2012|access-date=November 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130020024/http://www.fxguide.com/featured/life-of-pi/|archive-date=November 30, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Rhythm & Hues spent a year on [[research and development]], "building upon its already vast knowledge of [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI animation]]" to develop the tiger.<ref name=var>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2012/scene/news/vfx-team-dares-to-take-tiger-by-the-tail-1118063581/|title=Vfx team dares to take tiger by the tail|work=Variety|date=December 15, 2012|access-date=October 19, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123094221/https://variety.com/2012/scene/news/vfx-team-dares-to-take-tiger-by-the-tail-1118063581/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[British Film Institute]]'s ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' magazine suggested that, "''Life of Pi'' can be seen as the film Rhythm & Hues has been building up to all these years, by taking things they learned from each production from ''Cats & Dogs'' to ''Yogi Bear'', integrating their animals in different situations and environments, pushing them to do more, and understanding how all of this can succeed both visually and dramatically."<ref name=BFI>{{cite news|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/video-essay-animal-menagerie-rhythm-hues|title=Video essay: The animal menagerie of Rhythm and Hues|work=[[British Film Institute]]'s [[Sight & Sound]] magazine|date=December 21, 2012|access-date=December 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104012811/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/video-essay-animal-menagerie-rhythm-hues|archive-date=January 4, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Artist Abdul Rahman in the Malaysian branch underscored the global nature of the effects process, saying that "the special thing about ''Life of Pi'' is that it was the first time we did something called remote rendering, where we engaged our cloud infrastructure in Taiwan called CAVE (Cloud Animation and Visual Effects)."<ref name="r&h2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/life-times/tech/local-touch-to-life-of-pi-1.176645|title=Local touch to Life Of Pi|work=New Straits Times|date=November 26, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402173620/http://www.nst.com.my/life-times/tech/local-touch-to-life-of-pi-1.176645|archive-date=April 2, 2013}}</ref>

Additional visual effects studios that worked on the film include [[Moving Picture Company]] (MPC), [[Garson Yu|yU+co]], Buf, Crazy Horse Effects, Look Effects, Christov Effects, Lola VFX, Reliance Mediaworks, and Stereo D.<ref name="r&h3" />

==Music==
{{main|Life of Pi (soundtrack)|l1=''Life of Pi'' (soundtrack)}}

The film's [[Film score|musical score]] was composed by [[Mychael Danna]], who previously wrote the music to Lee's films ''[[The Ice Storm (film)|The Ice Storm]]'' and ''[[Ride with the Devil (film)|Ride with the Devil]]''. A [[soundtrack album]] of the music was released by [[Sony Classical Records]] on November 16, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Life of Pi' Soundtrack Details|url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2012/10/14/life-of-pi-soundtrack-details/|work=Film Music Reporter|access-date=November 20, 2012|date=October 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017232556/http://filmmusicreporter.com/2012/10/14/life-of-pi-soundtrack-details/|archive-date=October 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The album features the track "[[Pi's Lullaby]]", which was co-written by Danna and [[Bombay Jayashri]], who performs the song in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Original Motion Picture Soundtrack of Life of Pi Available November 19, 2012 |url=http://sony.mediaroom.com/2012-10-25-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack-of-Life-of-Pi-Available-November-19-2012,1 |publisher=Sony Newsroom |access-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302132611/http://sony.mediaroom.com/2012-10-25-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack-of-Life-of-Pi-Available-November-19-2012,1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Distribution==
===Marketing===
Due to the film's holiday release, ''Life of Pi''{{'s}} financial success was uncertain. Dorothy Pomerantz of ''[[Forbes]]'' said, "It looks like chances are very slim that the film will earn back its production and marketing costs let alone turn a profit."<ref name="pomerantz">{{cite news|last=Pomerantz|first=Dorothy|title=Why I Hope 'Life of Pi' Will Succeed at the Box Office (Even Though I Know It Won't)|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/11/20/why-i-hope-life-of-pi-will-succeed-at-the-box-office-even-though-i-know-it-wont/|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=November 20, 2012|date=November 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128081140/http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/11/20/why-i-hope-life-of-pi-will-succeed-at-the-box-office-even-though-i-know-it-wont/|archive-date=November 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Pomerantz attributed this to the fact that film was not led by a big name star and faced other winter blockbusters.<ref name="pomerantz" /> John Horn and Ben Fritz of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' compared the film to [[Martin Scorsese]]'s ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]'', a large-budget 3D film that opened during the 2011 Thanksgiving week. They said that ''Life of Pi'' could have ended up like ''Hugo'' by "failing to connect with moviegoers" and become a "financial failure".<ref>{{cite news|last=Horn|first=John|title='Life of Pi' a huge gamble for 20th Century Fox|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-life-of-pi-tough-sell-20121119,0,5088507.story|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2012|author2=Fritz, Ben|date=November 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119201509/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-life-of-pi-tough-sell-20121119,0,5088507.story|archive-date=November 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar speculation had been made by other news sources.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cunningham |first1=Todd |title='Life of Pi,' 'Rise of Guardians' Debut, but It's Still 'Twilight' Time |date=November 20, 2012 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/life-pi-and-rise-guardians-debut-its-still-twilight-time-box-office-65851/ |publisher=[[TheWrap]] |access-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605195805/https://www.thewrap.com/life-pi-and-rise-guardians-debut-its-still-twilight-time-box-office-65851/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Grady|title=Box office preview: 'Breaking Dawn' headed for Thanksgiving win|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/21/showbiz/movies/box-office-preview-ew/|work=CNN|access-date=November 21, 2012|date=November 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103110653/http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/21/showbiz/movies/box-office-preview-ew/|archive-date=November 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Whether or not [[Hurricane Sandy]] would affect the film's publicity was also a question. Because the film includes a massive storm, it was speculated that the recent storm might result in lower box office revenue due to the unintentional overtones of Sandy's devastation. A Fox spokesperson made note that there were no plans to change the film's marketing approach.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zeitchik|first=Steven|title=Hurricane Sandy: 'Life of Pi's' unfortunate coincidence|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-hurricane-sandy-life-of-pis-unfortunate-coincidence-20121030,0,2238759.story|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 21, 2012|date=October 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121043956/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-hurricane-sandy-life-of-pis-unfortunate-coincidence-20121030,0,2238759.story|archive-date=November 21, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the marketing campaign for ''Life of Pi'', the film was promoted as "the next ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''" in [[Trailer (promotion)|trailers]] and [[TV spots]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Subers|first=Ray|title=Forecast: 'Guardians,' 'Pi' Target Family Audiences Over Thanksgiving|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3572&p=.htm|website=Box Office Mojo|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|access-date=November 22, 2012|date=November 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127171955/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3572&p=.htm|archive-date=November 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Cameron]], the director of ''Avatar'', later became the subject of two featurettes that focus on the film's 3D and [[computer-generated imagery]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|title=Two New Featurettes for Ang Lee's Life of Pi Focus on the 3D and Creating a CG Tiger|url=https://collider.com/life-of-pi-featurettes/|website=Collider.com|access-date=November 23, 2012|date=November 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119050023/http://collider.com/life-of-pi-featurettes/211798|archive-date=November 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the original novel was re-released in a movie tie-in edition.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ahearn|first=Victoria|title=Man Booker judges still proud of honouring Yann Martel's Life of Pi|url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/Booker+judges+still+proud+honouring+Yann+Martel+Life/7602471/story.html|agency=[[The Canadian Press]]|work=[[Calgary Herald]]|access-date=November 25, 2012|date=November 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105041525/http://www.calgaryherald.com/entertainment/Booker+judges+still+proud+honouring+Yann+Martel+Life/7602471/story.html|archive-date=January 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was later followed by the release of ''The Making of Life of Pi: A Film, a Journey'', a book by Jean-Christophe Castelli that details how ''Life of Pi'' was brought to the big screen.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Making of Life of Pi: A Film, a Journey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xoR5tgAACAAJ|via=Google Books|access-date=November 25, 2012|date=October 30, 2012|isbn=9780062114136|last1=Castelli|first1=Jean-Christophe| publisher=HarperCollins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619141125/http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Making_of_Life_of_Pi.html?id=xoR5tgAACAAJ|archive-date=June 19, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Theatrical release===
''Life of Pi'' had a [[wide release]] in the United States on November 21, 2012, in both traditional and [[3D film|3D]] viewing formats. It was originally scheduled to be released on December 14, 2012, but when ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' was announced for the same release date, ''Life of Pi'' was postponed a week. It was then shifted a month in advance.<ref>{{cite journal |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-moves-back-one-193993 |title='Life of Pi' Moves Back One Week to Avoid 'Hobbit' Film |journal=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 1, 2011 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513072458/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-moves-back-one-193993 |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Home media===
''Life of Pi'' was released on [[DVD]], [[Blu-ray]], and [[Blu-ray 3D]] in North America, on March 12, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/5774/Life-of-Pi-2012.html|title=Life of Pi Blu-ray and DVD, January 29, 2013|website=dvdsreleasedates.com|access-date=January 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729133402/http://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/5774/Life-of-Pi-2012.html|archive-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's 2D Blu-ray release contains many special features, including a one-hour making-of special entitled ''A Filmmaker's Epic Journey'' and two featurettes focusing on the film's visual effects, and two behind-the-scene looks at [[storyboard]]ing and [[Filmmaking#Pre-production|pre-production]] artwork. In addition, the film's 3D Blu-ray release contains five deleted scenes and a featurette entitled ''VFX Progressions'' that takes a look at what was shot and how it evolved to be what was rendered on screen.<ref>{{cite web|last=Broadwater|first=Casey|title=Life of Pi 3D Blu-ray Review: The Rime of the South-Asian Mariner|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Life-of-Pi-3D-Blu-ray/60865/#Review|website=Blu-ray.com|access-date=March 17, 2013|date=March 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323201247/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Life-of-Pi-3D-Blu-ray/60865/#Review|archive-date=March 23, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was later released on 4K Blu-ray and [[digital copy]] on March 8, 2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=Life of Pi 4K Blu-ray|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Life-of-Pi-4K-Blu-ray/140434/|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721152958/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Life-of-Pi-4K-Blu-ray/140434/|archive-date=July 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, it was the eighth best-selling film of 2013 on physical [[home video]] formats.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2014.pdf |title=Statistical Yearbook 2014 |date=2014 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] (BFI) |pages=124 |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501005443/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
''Life of Pi'' grossed US$124,772,844 in North America, and US$484,029,542 in other countries, for a worldwide total of US$609,006,177.<ref name="bom">{{cite web|title=Life of Pi|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lifeofpi.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=August 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731034422/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lifeofpi.htm|archive-date=July 31, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> During its opening on the extended Thanksgiving weekend, the film debuted in 2,902 theaters throughout the United States and Canada and grossed US$30,573,101.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for Thanksgiving, November 21–25, 2012|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/thanksgiving/?yr=2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=November 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129101320/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/thanksgiving/?yr=2012|archive-date=November 29, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> On the Chinese mainland, from November 22 to December 24,<ref>{{cite news|title=少年派下线国内票房5.7亿|url=http://ent.qq.com/a/20121226/000104.htm|access-date=December 26, 2012|newspaper=ent.qq.com|date=December 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002064955/http://ent.qq.com/a/20121226/000104.htm|archive-date=October 2, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> the film topped the box office for three weeks,<ref>{{cite news|title=少年派三连冠破四亿|url=http://news.mtime.com/2012/12/11/1502996.html|access-date=December 11, 2012|newspaper=news.mtime.com|date=December 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214071849/http://news.mtime.com/2012/12/11/1502996.html|archive-date=December 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and grossed over US$91 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Milestone: 'Life of Pi' Crosses $500 million worldwide|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-crosses-500-million-414944?AP|access-date=January 24, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 24, 2013|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103232523/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-crosses-500-million-414944?AP|archive-date=November 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2013|1|24|df=US}}, it had also topped the box office for three weeks in Australia and Chile,<ref>{{cite news|title=Australia Box Office Index|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/australia/?yr=2013&p=.htm|access-date=January 24, 2013|newspaper=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=January 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122084501/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/australia/?yr=2013&p=.htm|archive-date=January 22, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chile Box Office Index|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/chile/|access-date=January 24, 2013|newspaper=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=January 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202183255/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/chile/|archive-date=February 2, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and four weeks in Mexico<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexico Box Office Index|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/mexico/|access-date=January 24, 2013|newspaper=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=January 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130202726/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/mexico/|archive-date=January 30, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and Peru.<ref>{{cite news|title=Peru Box Office Index|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/peru/|access-date=January 24, 2013|newspaper=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=January 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114223614/http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/peru/|archive-date=January 14, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The film became the highest-grossing Hollywood film of the year in India,<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhushan|first=Nyay|title='Life of Pi' Becomes 2012's Highest-Grossing Hollywood Release in India|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-becomes-2012s-highest-411231|access-date=January 11, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115195436/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-becomes-2012s-highest-411231|archive-date=January 15, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ang Lee's Life of Pi top Hollywood Grosser of 2012 in India|url=http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/ang-lees-life-of-pi-top-hollywood-grosser-of-2012-in-india/index.htm|access-date=January 11, 2013|website=bollywoodtrade.com|date=January 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303022016/http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/ang-lees-life-of-pi-top-hollywood-grosser-of-2012-in-india/index.htm|archive-date=March 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and was the tenth highest-grossing Hollywood release in the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-becomes-2012s-highest-411231 | title='Life of Pi' Becomes 2012's Highest-Grossing Hollywood Release in India | access-date=March 9, 2013 | work=The Hollywood Reporter | first=Nyay | last=Bhushan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315173834/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-becomes-2012s-highest-411231 | archive-date=March 15, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Life of Pi'' has earned HK$45,058,653 (US$5.8 million) at the Hong Kong box office, making it the highest grossing Ang Lee film in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://thehkneo.com/blog/?p=2757|title= Life of Pi Hong Kong Box Office|date= February 24, 2013|access-date= February 28, 2013|work= HK Neo Reviews|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130117140332/http://thehkneo.com/blog/?p=2757|archive-date= January 17, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it grossed {{£|28.7 million|long=no}} ({{US$|{{To USD|28.7|GBR|year=2012}} million}}) by February 2013. At the annual 2012 UK and Ireland box office, it was the year's eighth highest-grossing film, third highest-grossing [[3D film]], highest-grossing [[adventure film]], and highest-grossing [[PG (British Board of Film Classification)|PG-rated]] film.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2013.pdf |title=Statistical Yearbook 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] (BFI) |pages=24, 28, 38, 48 |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228060414/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Critical response===
''Life of Pi'' has an 86% approval rating on the review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 253 reviews with an average rating of 7.90/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A 3D adaptation of a supposedly 'unfilmable' book, Ang Lee's ''Life of Pi'' achieves the near impossible – it's an astonishing technical achievement that's also emotionally rewarding."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/life-of-pi/|title=Life of Pi|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|access-date=July 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709200250/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/life-of-pi/|archive-date=July 9, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has an average score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/life-of-pi|title=Life of Pi Reviews|website=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=January 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117051447/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/life-of-pi|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Grady |title=Box office: 'Breaking Dawn' tops record Thanksgiving weekend |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/11/25/box-office-report-breaking-dawn-lincoln-skyfall-life-of-pi/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' gave ''Life of Pi'' four stars out of four, referring to it as "a miraculous achievement of storytelling and a landmark of visual mastery" and "one of the best films of the year".<ref name="ebert">{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 2012|title=Life of Pi|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/life-of-pi-2012|url-status=live|access-date=November 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122213338/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129995|archive-date=November 22, 2012}}</ref> He particularly praised the film's use of 3D that he described as "deepen[ing] the film's sense of places and events".<ref name="ebert" /> Similarly, [[Peter Travers]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' highlighted the use of 3D in the film suggesting that "like ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]'', from [[Martin Scorsese]], ''Life of Pi'' puts 3D in the hands of a worldclass film artist. (Ang) Lee uses 3D with the delicacy and lyricism of a poet. You don't just watch this movie, you live it."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Life of Pi|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/life-of-pi-20121120|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=November 21, 2012|date=November 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127222324/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/life-of-pi-20121120|archive-date=November 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Parmita Borah of ''[[Eastern Fare]]'' says, "There is this one scene in particular where the entire ocean is covered with jelly fish which makes you feel like 'this is what heaven must look like'."<ref>{{cite web|last=Borah |first=Parmita |title=Life of Pi – a fascinating story |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/11/life-of-pi-fascinating-story-movie.html |website=EF News International |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101005406/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/11/life-of-pi-fascinating-story-movie.html |archive-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref>

The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' critic Betsy Sharkey referred to the film as a "masterpiece", stating that:

{{blockquote|There is always a poetic aesthetic that Lee brings to his best work – the brutal martial arts ballet of ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' or the homophobic hatred against the backcountry grandeur of ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''. which would win him an Oscar for directing in 2006. In ''Life of Pi'', certainly given its technological achievements, the filmmaker has raised the bar. Not since [[James Cameron]]'s breathtaking blue ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' in 2009 has 3-D had such impact.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharkey|first=Betsy|title=Review: 'Life of Pi' is a masterpiece by Ang Lee|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-life-of-pi-review-ang-lee-20121121,0,902072.story|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 24, 2012|date=November 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123225312/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-life-of-pi-review-ang-lee-20121121,0,902072.story|archive-date=November 23, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In an interview with the ''Los Angeles Times'', Cameron himself highlighted the film's use of 3D, noting that

{{blockquote|''Life of Pi'' breaks the paradigm that 3-D has to be some big, action fantasy spectacle, superhero movie ... The movie is visually amazing, inventive, and it works on you in ways you're not really aware of. It takes you on a journey, and unless you've read the book – which I hadn't – you have no idea where that journey is going. It does what good 3-D is supposed to do, which is, it allows you to forget you're watching a 3-D movie.<ref name="camint">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-james-cameron-life-pi-3d-20121101,0,4843429.story|title=James Cameron: 'Life of Pi' 'breaks the paradigm' of 3-D movies|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 2, 2012|first=Rebecca|last=Keegan|date=November 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105065038/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-james-cameron-life-pi-3d-20121101,0,4843429.story|archive-date=November 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

According to French journalist Marjolaine Gout, the film is "a philosophical tale where [[Noah's Ark]] metamorphoses into ''[[The Raft of the Medusa]]''". She adds that it is "a visual masterpiece" in which "Ang Lee proves, once again, his talent as a universal storyteller". She also writes about the visual poetry of the movie reminding viewers of the works of classical painters and the symbolism of [[kolam]]s. The film got 8 out of 10 stars, the readers gave 7 stars.<ref name="gout">{{cite web|last=Gout|first=Marjolaine|title=Review: 'Life of Pi' by Ang Lee|url=http://www.ecranlarge.com/movie_review-read-31425-172491.php|website=Ecran Large|access-date=November 28, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Yann martel 2007-10-25 Seattle WA USA.jpg|thumb|[[Yann Martel]], author of the book ''Life of Pi'', gave positive feedback upon seeing the film.]]
The novel's author, [[Yann Martel]], found the film to be a "delightful" adaptation, saying,

{{blockquote|I'm happy it works so well as a film. Even if the ending is not as ambiguous as the book's, the possibility that there might be another version of Pi's story comes at you unexpectedly and raises the same important questions about truth, perception and belief.<ref>{{cite news|last=Quill|first=Greg|title=Yann Martel on Life of Pi: Author gives 3D movie by Ang Lee thumbs up|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/article/1292021--yann-martel-on-life-of-pi-author-gives-3d-movie-by-ang-lee-thumbs-up|work=[[Toronto Star]]|access-date=November 25, 2012|date=November 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128094805/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/article/1292021--yann-martel-on-life-of-pi-author-gives-3d-movie-by-ang-lee-thumbs-up|archive-date=November 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

[[A. O. Scott]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' was critical of the film's narrative frame, arguing that "the movie invites you to believe in all kinds of marvelous things, but it also may cause you to doubt what you see with your own eyes – or even to wonder if, in the end, you have seen anything at all". Scott further criticized the film for repressing the darker themes of the tale.<ref name="scott">{{cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|title=Plenty of Gods, but Just One Fellow Passenger|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/movies/life-of-pi-directed-by-ang-lee.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 12, 2013|date=November 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111095038/http://movies.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/movies/life-of-pi-directed-by-ang-lee.html|archive-date=January 11, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Nick Schager of ''[[The Village Voice]]'' also panned the film, stating: "A stacked-deck theological inquiry filtered through a ''Titanic''-by-way-of-''Slumdog Millionaire'' narrative, ''Life of Pi'' manages occasional spiritual wonder through its 3-D visuals but otherwise sinks like a stone".<ref>{{cite web|last=Schager|first=Nick|title=Life of Pi Is the Story of How Important Life of Pi Is|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2012-11-21/film/life-of-pi-is-the-story-of-how-important-life-of-pi-is/|work=[[The Village Voice]]|access-date=November 21, 2012|date=November 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127214612/http://www.villagevoice.com/2012-11-21/film/life-of-pi-is-the-story-of-how-important-life-of-pi-is/|archive-date=November 27, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, and states "despite some lovely images and those eyepopping effects, it is a shallow and self-important shaggy-dog story – or shaggy-tiger story … It deserves every technical prize going."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/dec/20/life-of-pi-review|title=Life of Pi – review|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 20, 2012|location=London|access-date=December 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314160402/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/dec/20/life-of-pi-review|archive-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Richard Corliss]] of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] selected the film as the third-best movie of 2012, and called it the next ''Avatar''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Top 10 Movies of 2012|url=http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,2000746118001_2130723,00.html|access-date=December 4, 2012|newspaper=Time|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205081228/http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,2000746118001_2130723,00.html|archive-date=December 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The film was noted for containing a "subtle, artistic warning" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic [[carbon dioxide emissions]] and [[ocean acidification]]. The scene of the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter was compared to [[Aragonese Castle]] in the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] near [[Naples]] and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the "not too pleasant face of [[Gaia hypothesis|Gaia]]".<ref>{{cite journal |author1-link=Thomas Faunce |first1=Thomas |last1=Faunce |editor-first1=Jane |editor-last1=Rawson |title=Life of Pi's acidic island a warning for our warming world |journal=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |issn=2201-5639 |date=January 27, 2013 |doi=10.64628/AA.76yr9ddd6 |url=http://theconversation.edu.au/life-of-pis-acidic-island-a-warning-for-our-warming-world-11599 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130003122/http://theconversation.edu.au/life-of-pis-acidic-island-a-warning-for-our-warming-world-11599 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |access-date=January 27, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Accolades===
{{main|List of accolades received by Life of Pi|l1=List of accolades received by ''Life of Pi''}}
''Life of Pi'' was nominated for eleven [[85th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]] and won four (more than any other film from 2012): [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Ang Lee), [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] ([[Claudio Miranda]]), [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]] ([[Bill Westenhofer]], [[Guillaume Rocheron]], [[Erik-Jan de Boer]], and [[Donald R. Elliott]]), and [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] ([[Mychael Danna]]).<ref name="Oscars 2013 winners">{{cite web|url=http://oscar.go.com/nominees |title=Oscars – The Nominees |publisher=The Academy Awards of Motion Pictures and the Arts |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110203809/http://oscar.go.com/nominees |archive-date=January 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="full winners list for Oscars 2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/25/oscars-2013-full-list-winners |title=Oscars 2013: the full list of winners |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019105500/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/25/oscars-2013-full-list-winners |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brooks|first=Xan|title=Ang Lee wins best director Oscar for Life of Pi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/25/ang-lee-best-director-oscar-life-of-pi|access-date=October 17, 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417081003/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/25/ang-lee-best-director-oscar-life-of-pi|archive-date=April 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was nominated for three [[70th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]] and won for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref>{{cite news|title=2013 Golden Globe Nominations |url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/2012/12/nominations-2013/ |access-date=December 21, 2012 |year=2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214105703/http://www.goldenglobes.org/2012/12/nominations-2013/ |archive-date=December 14, 2012}}</ref>

===Controversies and animal abuse allegations===
[[File:Bombay_Jayashri,_Vani_Mahal_(Chennai),_December_2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|It was alleged that "[[Pi's Lullaby]]", performed and co-written by [[Bombay Jayashri]] (pictured, December 2017), used compositions by [[Irayimman Thampi]]. Jayashri denied this.]]
It won the Oscar for Best Visual Effects at the 2013 Academy Awards, but [[Rhythm & Hues Studios]] (which provided most of the visual effects for the film) was forced to file for bankruptcy on February 11, 2013, citing unfair competition from subsidized and tax exempt foreign studios.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hart|first=Elly|title=Life In The Movie Business: An Inside Look At The VFX Crisis|url=http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2013/02/life-in-the-movie-business-an-inside-look-at-the-vfx-crisis/|website=Gizmodo Australia|access-date=March 5, 2013|date=February 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304060001/http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2013/02/life-in-the-movie-business-an-inside-look-at-the-vfx-crisis/|archive-date=March 4, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> This sparked a demonstration of nearly 500 VFX artists who protested outside the 2013 Academy Awards.<ref>[VFX protest at Oscars: images from the picket line + audio interview http://www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/visualeffectsprotestatoscars/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225131223/http://www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/visualeffectsprotestatoscars/ |date=February 25, 2013}}]</ref> Inside, during the Oscars, when R&H visual effects supervisor [[Bill Westenhofer]] brought up R&H during his acceptance speech, the microphone was cut off.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartlaub |first=Peter |url=http://blog.sfgate.com/thebigevent/2013/02/25/biggest-oscars-snub-a-shark-attack-on-the-vfx-industry/ |title=Biggest Oscars snub: A shark attack on the VFX industry | an SFGate.com blog |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829021929/http://blog.sfgate.com/thebigevent/2013/02/25/biggest-oscars-snub-a-shark-attack-on-the-vfx-industry/ |archive-date=August 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> This started an uproar among many visual effects industry professionals, changing profile pictures on social media such as Facebook and Twitter to show the [[Chroma key|green key color]], in order to raise awareness for the issues the industry was facing.<ref>{{cite web |last=McWeeny |first=Drew |url=http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/the-visual-effects-community-sees-red-in-the-wake-of-oscar-protest-and-on-air-snub/2 |title=The visual effects community sees red in the wake of Oscar protest and on-air snub |website=HitFix.com |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017185232/http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/the-visual-effects-community-sees-red-in-the-wake-of-oscar-protest-and-on-air-snub/2 |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, director [[Ang Lee]] was criticized by the protest leader for his failure to thank the effect industry, "Ang thanked the crew, the actors, his agent, his lawyer and the entire population of Taiwan right down to the team that built the wave-pool on the soundstage where Pi was shot, but failed to mention hundreds of artists who made not only the main character of the tiger, but replaced that pool, making it look like a real ocean for 80% of his movie."<ref name="guard">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/26/ang-lee-visual-effects-life-of-pi|title=Ang Lee under fire from visual effects artists over Life of Pi speech|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Andrew|last=Pulver|date=February 26, 2013|access-date=December 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218102416/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/26/ang-lee-visual-effects-life-of-pi|archive-date=December 18, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also criticized for earlier complaining about the costs of visual effects.<ref name=guard/><ref name="HR">{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-vfx-artists-blast-424304|title=Oscars 2013: VFX Artists Blast 'Disgraceful' TV Moments|work=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Carolyn|last=Giardina|access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616053945/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-vfx-artists-blast-424304|archive-date=June 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2014, Christina Lee Storm and Scott Leberecht released the [[documentary]] ''Life After Pi'' to YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lcB9u-9mVE|title=Life After Pi (Official Video)|website=YouTube|date=February 25, 2014 |access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529002844/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lcB9u-9mVE|archive-date=May 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The documentary details the role Rhythm & Hues played in ''Life of Pi'' and the consequent bankruptcy. Bill Westenhofer also discusses his experience at the Oscars as he accepted a Visual Effects award for Rhythm & Hues' work on ''Life of Pi''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/bankruptcy/2014/03/03/documentary-chronicles-bankruptcy-of-visual-effects-firm-rhythm-hues/|title=Documentary Chronicles Bankruptcy of Visual Effects Firm Rhythm & Hues|work=The Wall Street Journal| date=March 3, 2014 |access-date=August 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113706/https://blogs.wsj.com/bankruptcy/2014/03/03/documentary-chronicles-bankruptcy-of-visual-effects-firm-rhythm-hues/|archive-date=February 24, 2018|url-status=live| last1=Stech | first1=Katy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/revealing-rhythm-hues-life-pi-682526|title=Revealing 'Rhythm & Hues: Life After Pi' Doc Exposes Grief, Anger and Troubled Business (Video)|work=The Hollywood Reporter| date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173550/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/revealing-rhythm-hues-life-pi-682526|archive-date=February 24, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/life-pi-chronicles-collapse-rhythm-hues/|title=YouTube Documentary 'Life After Pi' Chronicles Collapse of Rhythm & Hues (Video)|website=TheWrap| date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220114850/https://www.thewrap.com/life-pi-chronicles-collapse-rhythm-hues/|archive-date=February 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-on-location-20140218,0,7566544.story|title='Life After Pi,' doc on fall of visual effects house, to debut|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422201156/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-on-location-20140218,0,7566544.story|archive-date=April 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

A trust named after [[Carnatic music]]ian [[Irayimman Thampi]] has accused [[Bombay Jayashri]]'s Oscar-nominated song "[[Pi's Lullaby]]" of not being an original composition.<ref name="business-standard.com">A Case of two lullabies, Business Standard dated March 16, 2013. http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-case-of-two-lullabies-113031500573_1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318043054/http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-case-of-two-lullabies-113031500573_1.html |date=March 18, 2013 }}</ref> The trust has alleged that the first eight lines of the song is a word-by-word translation of composer Thampi's lullaby in Malayalam "[[Omanathinkal Kidavo]]".<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Omanathinkalkidavo | date=October 27, 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHxc-kDX2PE |access-date=January 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Jayashri has denied the allegation.<ref name="business-standard.com"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/life-of-pi-is-bombay-jayashris-oscar-nominated-song-pis-lullaby-not-original/315535-8-67.html|title=Life of Pi: Is Bombay Jayashri's Oscar nominated song 'Pi's Lullaby' not original?|work=ibnlive.in.com|access-date=January 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116075627/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/life-of-pi-is-bombay-jayashris-oscar-nominated-song-pis-lullaby-not-original/315535-8-67.html|archive-date=January 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/irayimman-thampi-trust-alleges-plagiarism/article4303751.ece|title=Irayimman Thampi Trust alleges plagiarism|work=The Hindu|access-date=January 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116154122/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/irayimman-thampi-trust-alleges-plagiarism/article4303751.ece|archive-date=January 16, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier, Jayashri had used Thampi's lullaby in her album ''Vatsalyam'', released in 2003.<ref>{{Citation |title=Omana Tingal Kidavo |date=July 1, 2003 |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/2c2Mce7ztWD6OCUWe5lMyh |access-date=January 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bombay S. Jayashri - Vatsalyam: Collection of Traditional Indian Lullaby Album Reviews, Songs & More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/vatsalyam-collection-of-traditional-indian-lullaby-mw0000315884 |access-date=January 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

A 2013 investigation by ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' brought to light leaked emails suggesting that animals had been mistreated during filming though the [[American Humane Association]] put its "No Animals Were Harmed" certification on the film.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Baum |first=Gary |date=November 25, 2013 |title=No Animals Were Harmed |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/feature/ |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205131022/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/feature/ |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Suebsaeng |first=Asawin |date=November 26, 2013 |title=Report: Actually, Animals May Have Been Harmed in the Making of That Film |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/american-humane-association-animals-harmed-films-hollywood |magazine=Mother Jones |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210172838/http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/american-humane-association-animals-harmed-films-hollywood |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=November 27, 2013 |title=Life of Pi tiger nearly drowned on set, report alleges |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/27/life-of-pi-tiger-nearly-drowned-report-animals-hollywood |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131233308/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/27/life-of-pi-tiger-nearly-drowned-report-animals-hollywood |archive-date=January 31, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an April 7, 2011, email, AHA monitor Gina Johnson wrote, "last week we almost killed King", in reference to a tiger used for filming. The email goes on to suggest that the incident, in which the tiger apparently nearly drowned while filming a scene, would be "downplayed" in the official report to the AHA. Additionally, the exposé alleges that Johnson was involved in a [[Workplace relationships|romantic relationship]] with one of the film's producers, possibly representing a conflict of interest. ''Life of Pi'' director Ang Lee has described the animal abuse allegations as "an accident" in interviews. Following the publication of the ''Hollywood Reporter'' investigation, Gina Johnson resigned from her position with the AHA.<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |date=November 29, 2013 |title=Ang Lee on 'Life of Pi' Tiger Incident: 'It Was an Accident' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ang-lee-life-pi-tiger-660692 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210175324/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ang-lee-life-pi-tiger-660692 |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Eby |first=Margaret |date=November 27, 2013 |title='Life of Pi' animal monitor resigns from American Humane Association after Hollywood Reporter exposé |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/life-pi-animal-monitor-resigns-american-humane-association-hollywood-reporter-expose-article-1.1531099 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081256/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/life-pi-animal-monitor-resigns-american-humane-association-hollywood-reporter-expose-article-1.1531099 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

New animal welfare concerns were raised in 2015 when [[PETA]] released a video that showed ''Life of Pi'' animal trainer Michael Hackenberger swearing at and whipping a young tiger 19 times.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rahman |first=Abid |date=December 22, 2015 |title='Life of Pi' Tiger Trainer Allegedly Caught on Video Whipping Animal |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-trainer-allegedly-caught-850657 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210175429/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/life-pi-trainer-allegedly-caught-850657 |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2016, the [[Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]] filed animal cruelty charges against Hackenberger based on the video evidence.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Stelloh |first=Tim |date=April 14, 2016 |title=Zoo Owner Whose Tiger Was in 'Life of Pi' Charged With Animal Cruelty |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zoo-owner-whose-tiger-was-life-pi-charged-animal-cruelty-n555691 |magazine=NBC |access-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075458/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zoo-owner-whose-tiger-was-life-pi-charged-animal-cruelty-n555691 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Film|United States}}
* [[José Salvador Alvarenga]], a Salvadoran fisherman who spent more than 400 days adrift in a small boat in the Pacific Ocean.
* {{annotated link|Survival film}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.foxmovies.com/movies/life-of-pi}}
* {{IMDb title|0454876|Life of Pi}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|life-of-pi|Life of Pi}}
* {{Metacritic film|title=Life of Pi}}
* {{Mojo title|lifeofpi|Life of Pi}}
* {{Commons category-inline||''Life of Pi''}}
* {{Wikiquote-inline||''Life of Pi''}}

{{Ang Lee}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of accolades received by Life of Pi|Awards for ''Life of Pi'']]
|list1 =
{{Academy Award Best Visual Effects}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects}}
{{Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film 2011–2030}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Life Of Pi}}
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[[Category:Films about tigers]]
[[Category:Films based on Canadian novels]]
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[[Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award]]
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[[Category:Saturn Award–winning films]]
[[Category:Sea adventure films]]
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[[Category:English-language adventure drama films]]
[[Category:Bengal tiger]]

Ebin Raj Maliakal

2026-03-09T15:31:35Z

Associatedin21: Starting The Bio W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian documentary filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ebin Raj Maliakal
| image = Ebin Raj Maliakal.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = Kalavoor, Alleppey
| occupation = Filmmaker, writer
| years_active = 1998–present
| known_for = Documentary Films
| notable_works = Green Line, Novel Life, Madhuram Ninte Jeevitham, Lokame Yathara
| spouse = Sunitha Santhan
| children = Augusta Maria, Jophine Anna
| mother =
| father =
| relatives =
}}

'''Ebin Raj Maliakal''' is an [[List of Indian documentary filmmakers|Indian documentary filmmaker]] and author.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2015 |title=Documentary Thirakathakal Author : Ebin Raj |url=https://handcbooks.com/shop/documentary-thirakathakal/ |website=H&C Books}}</ref> His notable films are [[Green Line (film)|''Green Line'']] (2019), ''Novel life (2014),'' ''Madhuram Ninte Jeevitham (2008),'' ''Lokame Yathara (2008)''<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2019 |title='Pamphlet' and 'Green Line' won at 9th Health Film Festival held at NFAI |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/pune/pamphlet-and-green-line-won-at-9th-health-film-festival-held-at-nfai/articleshow/72955556.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>''.'' He has won the Kerala state television award, [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Kerala Film Critics Association Award]] and a Film Fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State TV awards announced |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2011/apr/26/state-tv-awards-announced-247950.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ചലച്ചിത്ര അക്കാദമി ഫെലോഷിപ് 11 പേർക്ക് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/announcements/2018/05/01/chalachitra-academy-fellowship.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref> His films has been screened at International film festivals worldwide and have won numerous International film awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title='Pamphlet' and 'Green Line' win at 9th Health Film Festival held at NFAI, Pune |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pamphlet-and-green-line-win-at-9th-health-film-festival-held-at-nfai/story-dbsfmE8VWDYqWR7l3b8LLI.html |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He serves as a Panel director at the [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]] and the [[Kerala Information and Public Relations Department]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=DOCUMENTARY DIRECTOR'S PANEL |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/21601_19.pdf |website=Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born in the village of [[Kalavoor]] in the [[Alleppey|Alappuzha]] district of Kerala, India. His father, M.V. Thomas Raju, worked at Excel Glasses Ltd. in Alappuzha, while his mother, T.D. Agesta, was a teacher at Holy Family HSS in Kattoor, Alappuzha. He earned his MSc in Electronic Media from [[Bharathiar University|Bharathiar University, Coimbatore]], M.com in Finance from the [[University of Kerala]] and a P.G. diploma in Television Production from the [[University of Hyderabad|Central University Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mollywood Director Ebin Raj Maliakal Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/director/ebin-raj-maliakal |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> He also underwent training in [[Science journalism|science journalism and communication]]. Since 1998, he has written and published the articles on film and literature. He began his career in television media in 2004 as a junior Program producer at [[Shalom (TV channel)|Shalom television]]. He scripted and directed numerous television programs and live shows and also worked in the United States on television program production.

== Filmography ==

* '''''Beyond Vision''' (2005)''<ref>{{Citation |title=Beyond vision (TV Special 2005) – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13551162/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''''Lokame Yathara''' (2008)''<ref>{{Citation |title=Lokamay Yathara (Short 2008) – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13493960/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''''Madhuram Ninte Jeevitham''' (2008)''<ref>{{Citation |title=Maduram Nintey Jeevitham (Short 2008) – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13493846/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''''Novel life''' (2014)''<ref>{{Citation |title=Novel Life (2014) – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13493578/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''''Green Line''''' (2019)<ref>{{Citation |title=Green Line (2019) – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13465458/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''Smaraka Dinangal (Monument Days) 2024'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt31521924/?language=de-de | title=Smaraka Dinangal (Monument Days) (Short 2024) | Documentary, Short | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

== Books ==

* '''Documentary Thirakathakal''' (2015) H&C Books Thrissur<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raj |first=Ebin |date=1 January 2015 |title=Documentary Thirakathakal |id={{ASIN|9384736988|country=in}} }}</ref>

== Honors ==

* Kerala State Television Award 2009<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jisso |first=jhon |date=16 July 2011 |title=Ebin Raj won Kerala state award |pages=4 |work=Malayala Manorama Newspaper |url=https://archive.org/details/ebin-raj-won-kerala-state-television-award-2009}}</ref>
* Best Documentary film, Image Award<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=28 November 2010 |title=Ebin Raj won the Image award |pages=1 |work=Sunday Shalom Newspaper |url=https://archive.org/details/ebin-raj-sundy-shalom-newspaer-2010}}</ref>
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award 2014<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 2014 |title=Second best personality documentary – 'Novel Jeevitham' (by Ebin Raj) |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/aug/02/%e2%80%98penmanassu%e2%80%99-selected-best-tv-serial-642819.html}}</ref>
* Best Health Documentary Award, NFAI, Pune 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=CORRESPONDENT |first=ST |date=26 December 2019 |title='Pamphlet' and 'Green Line' make a mark in film festival |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/pune/‘pamphlet’-and-‘green-line’-make-mark-film-festival-44610 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
* Academy Film Fellowship 2018<ref>{{Cite news |last=sunil |first=pala |date=16 May 2018 |title=Ebin Raj won film fellowship |pages=2 |work=Kerala Kaumudi Newspaper |url=https://archive.org/details/ebin-raj-kerala-kaumudi-newspaper}}</ref>

== International Awards ==

* American Golden Picture International Film Festival Award, Florida USA<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Best Documentary Long Film Green Line Directed by Ebin Raj Maliakal (India) |url=https://americangoldenpictureiff.com/november-2019 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=American Golden Picture International Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Europe Film Festival Award, London, U.K.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Feature Best Documentary Green Line – Ebin Raj Maliakal |url=https://europefilmfestival.com/february-march-2021/ |access-date= |website=Europe Film Festival UK |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Best Istanbul Film Festival Award, Turkey<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2021 |title=Best Feature Documentary Green Line – Ebin Raj maliakal |url=https://istanbulff.com/march-2021/ |access-date= |website=An elegant art touch between Europe and Asia |language=en-US |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511143834/https://istanbulff.com/march-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* World Film Carnival Award, Singapore
* Berlin Flash Film Festival Award, Germany<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2019 |title=Green line by Ebin Raj Maliakal October 2019 winners |url=https://www.berlinflashfilmfestival.com/winners/2019/october |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=berlinflashfilmfestival.com |language=en-US |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411230251/https://www.berlinflashfilmfestival.com/winners/2019/october |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Digital Griffix Film Festival Award, Montreal Canada
* UK Monthly Film Festival Award, Norwich, UK
* Indo French international film Festival Award
* Indo Singapore international film festival award
* Athens International Monthly Art Film Festival Award, Athens, Greece
* Andromeda Film Festival Award, İstanbul, Turkey
* Bhutan International film festival award

== Film Festivals / screenings ==

* Hollywood Boulevard Film Festival, Los Angeles, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Selection |url=https://www.hollywoodblvdfilmfestival.com/ |website=Hollywood Blvd Film Festival}}</ref>
* New York Movie Awards, New York, USA
* Kino DUEL International Film Festival, Moscow, Russia
* Eastern Europe Film Festival
* Paris International Film Awards, Paris
* Rome Interdependent Prisma Film Awards, Rome, Italy
* New York International Film Awards, New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finalist – Best Documentary Feature Film |url=https://newyorkinternationalfilmawards.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/WINNERS-NYIFA-APRIL-2021.pdf |website=Newyork International Film awards}}</ref>
* ICAN/LAX International Film Competition, Pennsylvania, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICAN/LAX International Film Competition |url=https://filmfreeway.com/ICAN-LAX |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref>
* MLC Awards, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
* Golden Wheat Awards, İstanbul, Turkey
* Sweden Film festival, Stockholm, Sweden<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden Film Awards |url=https://swedenfilmawards.se/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Sweden Film Awards}}</ref>
* lift- Off Global Network, London, UK
* Eurasia International Monthly Film Festival, Moscow, Russia
* International documentary and Short film festival of Kerala, India

==References==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name}}
* [https://filmfreeway.com/EbinRaj Ebin Raj Maliakal] at [[FilmFreeway]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maliakal, Ebin}}
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi

2026-03-07T09:47:30Z

Associatedin21: added new stub

{{Short description|2025 Indian Hindi biographical drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ajey: The Untold Story Of A Yogi
| image = Ajey-Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ravindra Gautam]]
| writer = Dilip Bachchan Jha & Priyank Dubey
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Monk Who Became Chief Minister]]''|[[Shantanu Gupta]]}}
| producer = Ritu Mengi
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Anant Joshi]]
* [[Paresh Rawal]]
* [[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Vishnu Rao]]
| editing = Manan Sagar
| music = [[Meet Bros]]
| studio = {{ubl|Samrat Cinematics}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|09|19}}
| runtime = 148 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=''Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdmzntm5 |access-date=23 October 2025 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|15}} crore<ref>https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2025/09/ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-box-office-collection-day-1-worldwide-budget.html</ref>
| gross = {{INR|1.4}} crore<ref>https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2025/09/ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-box-office-collection-day-1-worldwide-budget.html</ref>
}}
'''''Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi''''' is a 2025 [[India]] [[political drama]] film, directed by [[Ravindra Gautam]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Biopic being made on UP CM Yogi Adityanath |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Politics/Read/994806749/Biopic-being-made-on-UP-CM-Yogi-Adityanath |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=India Herald |language=en}}</ref> and produced by Ritu Mengi under the banner of Samrat Cinematics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-26 |title=First look of biopic 'AJEY- The Untold Story of a Yogi' shows transformation of Yogi Adityanath |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-look-of-biopic-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-shows-transformation-of-yogi-adityanath/articleshow/119528312.cms |access-date=2025-03-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Web |first=Statesman |date=2025-03-26 |title=Yogi Adityanath biopic AJEY drops first look: A story of politics and power! |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/yogi-adityanath-biopic-ajey-drops-first-look-a-story-of-politics-and-power-1503412183.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en}}</ref> The film, officially released on 19 September, 2025, is inspired by [[Shantanu Gupta]]'s book ''[[The Monk Who Became Chief Minister]]'', and stars [[Anant Joshi]] as [[Yogi Adityanath]], the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|incumbent chief minister of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=First look of biopic 'AJEY- The Untold Story of a Yogi' shows transformation of Yogi Adityanath |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-look-of-biopic-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-shows-transformation-of-yogi-adityanath/articleshow/119528312.cms |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yogi Adityanath's Journey Comes Alive In Ajey: The Untold Story Of A Yogi, Motion Poster Out Now |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/yogi-adityanaths-journey-comes-alive-in-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-motion-poster-out-now-9275773.html |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> It received mixed reviews from the critics and became a box office bomb.

== Plot ==
The film follows the journey of a boy from the hills of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (now [[Uttarakhand]]) who went on to become one of India's most influential political leaders. It traces his transformation from a quiet, introverted child into a Yogi, and later, a reformist politician. Through his struggles, bold decisions, and unwavering leadership, the story explores how he overcame challenges to ultimately lead India's largest state.

== Cast ==

* [[Anant Joshi]] as Yogi, based on [[Yogi Adityanath]]<ref>{{cite news |title=AJEY- The Untold Story of a Yogi: First look of Yogi Adityanath's biopic drops, netizens say 'next PM of India after Modi Ji' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-first-look-of-yogi-adityanath-s-biopic-drops-netizens-say-next-pm-of-india-after-modi-ji-3141166 |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as Yogi's Guru, based on [[Mahant Avaidyanath]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Yogi Adityanath's Journey Comes Alive In Ajey: The Untold Story Of A Yogi, Motion Poster Out Now |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/yogi-adityanaths-journey-comes-alive-in-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-motion-poster-out-now-9275773.html |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]
* Ankur Thakur, as Mushtaq Ansari, brother of Mushtaq Ahmed
* Ajay Mengi as Raghu, a devotee of [[Matha]]
* [[Pavan Malhotra]]
* [[Garima Vikrant Singh|Garima Vikrant]]
* [[Rajesh Khattar]] as Mushtaq Ahmed, a [[mafia]] member
* [[Sarwar Ahuja]]
* Bhagwan Tiwari
* Jatin Negi
* Akash Mahamana as Bala, a devotee of Matha

== Production ==

=== Development ===
The concept for the film originated from [[The Monk Who Became Chief Minister|Shantanu Gupta's 2017 book]]. Following the book's success, Gupta collaborated with Priyank Dubey, a film industry associate, to develop the book into a film and started working on the story.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Prashant |date=2025-04-01 |title=Yogi Adityanath's journey set for big-screen adaptation. How Madhur Bhandarkar kick-started project |url=https://theprint.in/politics/yogi-adityanaths-journey-set-for-big-screen-adaptation-how-madhur-bhandarkar-kick-started-project/2573410/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] for the film commenced in 2024 across various locations in [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]], aiming to authentically depict Yogi Adityanath's journey from his birthplace to his political career. The filmmakers emphasized maintaining factual accuracy and cultural sensitivity throughout the production process.<ref name=":0" /> Filming was completed by May 2025, with the project entering post-production.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Indresh |date=4 May 2025 |title=UP के CM योगी आदित्यनाथ पर बनी अजेय-द अनटोल्ड स्टोरी:अनंत जोशी निभा रहे हैं लीड रोल, डायरेक्टर रविंद्र गौतम बोले- उनके चेहरे में योगी जैसी मासूमियत |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ajay-the-untold-story-based-on-up-cm-yogi-adityanath-director-ravindra-gautam-speaks-with-dainik-bhaskar-134962446.html |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Bhaskar}}</ref>

== Release ==
The first motion poster of the film was released on 26 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi brings Yogi Adityanath's life to the screen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/film-on-yogi-adityanath-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-2699361-2025-03-26 |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=26 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

===Theatrical===

The film was scheduled for a worldwide theatrical release on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajey Biopic Release: 'Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi' to Hit Cinemas Aug 1 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/up-cm-birthday-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-to-hit-cinemas-on-august-1-3572484 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yogi Adityanath's Biopic Ajey Set To Hit The Theatres On This Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/yogi-adityanaths-biopic-ajey-set-to-hit-the-theatres-on-this-date-ws-l-9370495.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-06-05 |title=On Yogi Adityanath's birthday, makers of 'Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi' announce release date |url=https://ianslive.in/on-yogi-adityanaths-birthday-makers-of-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-announce-release-date--20250605124305 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=IANS News |language=en}}</ref> But it was not released as CBFC denied certification to the film. After the certification from CBFC, the film is scheduled to release on 19 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sah |first=Purnima |date=2025-08-07 |title=Film inspired by Yogi Adityanath stuck in censorship row |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/film-inspired-by-yogi-adityanath-stuck-in-censorship-row/article69906721.ece |access-date=2025-08-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
===Box office===

Made with a budget of almost 15 crore,<ref name="x913">{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Avdhesh | title=Near-empty theatres, viewers split: Yogi biopic finds few takers in UP | website=Newslaundry | date=2025-09-25 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2025/09/25/near-empty-theatres-viewers-split-yogi-biopic-finds-few-takers-in-up | access-date=2025-09-27}}</ref> the movie earned 1.5 crore during the first week since its release.<ref name="s537">{{cite web | author=The TOI Entertainment Desk is a dynamic | title=‘Ajey: The Untold Story of Yogi’ based on life of Yogi Adityanath ends Week 1 with over Rs 1.5 crore collection | website=The Times of India | date=2025-09-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/ajey-the-untold-story-of-yogi-based-on-life-of-yogi-adityanath-ends-week-1-with-over-rs-1-5-crore-collection/articleshow/124150092.cms | access-date=2025-09-27}}</ref>

==Reception==
Himanshi Tiwari from ''[[India TV]]'' gave the film 3 stars out of 5, praising the performances, direction, screenplay, cinematography and background score.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-movie-review-1107|title=Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi Movie Review: Ravindra Gautam's film captures every aspect of CM Yogi's life|website=[[India TV]]|access-date=19 September 2005}}</ref> Rishabh Suri from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and praised the cinematography and performances, while feeling the film struggled under the weight of its own ambition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-review-this-biopic-on-yogi-adityanath-has-good-performances-struggles-to-find-balance-101758361054383.html|title=Ajey The Untold Story of a Yogi review: This biopic on Yogi Adityanath has good performances, struggles to find balance|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=20 September 2005}}</ref>

== See also ==

* ''[[The Monk Who Became Chief Minister]]''
* [[Yogi Adityanath]]
*''[[The UP Files]]''
*''[[The Bengal Files]]''
*''[[The Kashmir Files]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nArSU-RaIeQ Film's motion poster] on [[YouTube]]

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Political films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Yogi Adityanath]]
[[Category:Biographical films about politicians]]
[[Category:Films about politicians]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]

Bhale Raja

2026-03-03T22:27:28Z

Associatedin21: small improved structure as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhale Raja
| image = Bhale Raja.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Y. R. Swamy]]
| producer = Yajaman Mothi Veeranna
| writer = Puvai Krishnan
| screenplay = [[Y. R. Swamy]]
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] Ranga Nagappa Eshwarappa
| music = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| cinematography = R Madhu
| editing = R Hanumantha Rao
| studio = Sri Rajeshwari Pictures
| distributor = Sri Rajeshwari Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1969|08|08|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Bhale Raja''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಭಲೇ ರಾಜ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1969 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film, directed by [[Y. R. Swamy]] and produced by Yajaman Mothi Veeranna. The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], Ranga, Nagappa and Eshwarappa. The film had musical score by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/bhale-raja-1969|title=Bhale Raja|accessdate=2015-01-09|publisher=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://paaru.in/movies/bhale-raja-kannada-1905|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110012457/http://paaru.in/movies/bhale-raja-kannada-1905|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-01-10|title=Bhale Raja|accessdate=2015-01-09|publisher=paaru.in}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Shivaraj
*Jayanthi as Maala/Rani
*Ranga as Shyam
*[[B. V. Radha]] as Pushpalatha
*Nagappa
*Eshwarappa
*Mahadevappa
*Narayan
*[[M. Jayashree]] as Parvathamma
*Jaikumari
*Baby Sunitha
*Baby Padmashree
*[[Master Prabhakar]] as young Shivaraj
*[[K. S. Ashwath]] in Guest Appearance
*[[M. P. Shankar]] in Guest Appearance
{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Song
!Singer
!Lyrics
!Music
|-
|1
|Naane Baalina Joker
|PB Srinivas
| rowspan="5" |Sorat Aswath
| rowspan="5" |Sathyam
|-
|2
|Chaku Mukhi Hudugi
|SP Balasubramanyam
|-
|3
|Ye Mukka Thaa Rokka
|P Susheela
|-
|4
|Kannu Eneno Katheyella Helithu
|P Susheela
|-
|5
|O Iniya O Geleya
|P Susheela
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1346650}}
* {{YouTube|id=39Cq_2XhNNg|title=Bhale Raja}}

{{Y. R. Swamy}}

[[Category:1969 films]]
[[Category:1969 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1969 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Satyam (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by Y. R. Swamy]]

{{1960s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Kallapart Natarajan

2026-03-03T09:48:08Z

Associatedin21: made basic data first draft...

{{Short description|Indian actor (1926–1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kallapart Natarajan
| image =
| birth_name = Natarajan
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| othername =
| birth_date = 1926
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|3|27|1926|||df=y}}
| death_place =
| yearsactive = 1952-1996
| occupation = Film actor, dancer
| parents = Ramalingam Paripooranathammal
| spouse =
}}

'''Kallapart Natarajan''' (1926-1996) was an Indian actor who works in Tamil-language films. He received the moniker 'Kallapart' from his role as a thief (Kallapart) in stage dramas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What does Arvind Swami-Regina's film title Kallapart mean? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/what-does-arvind-swami-reginas-film-title-kallapart-mean/articleshow/65871113.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=செல்லுலாயிட் பெண்கள்|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Ladies_Detail.asp?Nid=6370|website=dinakaran.com|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318202303/http://www.dinakaran.com/Ladies_Detail.asp?Nid=6370|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=''சூர்யாவும் கார்த்தியும் சிவகுமாருக்கு கடவுள் கொடுத்த பரிசு !'' - நடிகர் சிவசந்திரன் நெகிழ்ச்சிப் பேட்டி|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/555596-sivachandran-10-rewind-with-ramji.html|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|language=ta}}</ref>

== Selected filmography ==
*''[[Marumagal (1953 film)|Marumagal]]'' (1953)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/marumagal-1953/article4229126.ece|title=Marumagal 1953|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=22 December 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''[[Nalla Idathu Sammandham]]'' (1958)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/nalla-idathu-sammandham-1958/article4935145.ece|title=Nalla Idathu Sammandham (1958)|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=20 July 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''[[Kaithi Kannayiram]]'' (1960)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kaithi-kannayiram-1960/article2018744.ece|title=Kaithi Kannayiram 1960|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=14 May 2011|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''[[Deivapiravi (1960 film)|Deivapiravi]]'' (1960)
*''[[Naagamalai Azhagi]]'' (1962)
*''[[Sengamala Theevu]]'' (1962)
*''[[Madras to Pondicherry]]'' (1966)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Madras-To-Pondicherry-1966/article12572848.ece|title=Madras To Pondicherry 1966|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=29 September 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''[[Kan Kanda Deivam]]'' (1967)
*''[[Kallum Kaniyagum]]'' (1968)
*''[[Oli Vilakku]]'' (1968)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece|title=Oli Vilakku (1968)|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=5 March 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''[[Neelagiri Express]]'' (1968)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/neelagiri-express-1968/article6993706.ece|title=Neelagiri Express 1968|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=14 March 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Kasturi Thilakam]]'' (1970)
* ''Kankaatchi'' (1971)
* ''[[Kettikaran]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Sange Muzhangu]]'' (1972)
*''[[Thevar Magan]]'' (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/105875-25-years-of-thevar-magan-movie|title='25 வருசம் முன்னாடி சக்தி சொன்னாரு... நம்ம பயக இன்னும் வரவே இல்லையே!' #25YearsOfThevarMagan|first=மணி எம் கே|last=மணி|website=vikatan.com/}}</ref>
== Awards ==
*Kalaimamani by Tamil Nadu Government{{fact|date=April 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|8064190}}

[[Category:Actors in Tamil theatre]]
[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil actors]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]

Seth Anandram Jaipuria School Lucknow

2026-02-24T12:28:53Z

Associatedin21: done - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = January 2020}}
{{Infobox school
| motto = Empower, enthuse and excel
| patron =
| established = 2016
| closed =
| principal = Mrs. Poonam Kochitty
| head_label = Principal
| staff = 75+
| faculty = 55+
| gender = Co-educational
| lower_age = 3+
| upper_age = 16
| enrollment = 3000+
| classrooms = 50+
| campus_size =
| colours = White, Grey
| song = Tamso Maa Jyotirgarmya Jaipurians Chale
| sports = Volleyball, Shooting Rang, Cricket, Archery Range, Football
| mascot = SPARK
| nickname =
| team_name =
| rival =
| accreditation = CBSE
| national_ranking =
| publication = ASPIRE
| newspaper =
| yearbook = QUEST
| alumni = Vijay Krishna Acharya
| nobel_laureates =
| website = {{URL|https://jaipurialucknow.edu.in/}}
| footnotes =
| picture =
| language = [[English language|English]]
| mascot_image =
}}

'''Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Lucknow''' (often called '''Jaipuria School, Lucknow''') is a co-educational day and boarding private school from the Nursery to XII grades, located in the Sushant, Golf City, [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2019/01/top-10-schools-in-lucknow/|title=Top 10 Schools in Lucknow | Best School in Lucknow|first=digitalLEARNING|last=Network|date=24 January 2019 }}</ref> The school is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Delhi.]] - The Principal of the School is Poonam Kochitty. Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Lucknow was inaugurated by Honorable [[Akhilesh Yadav|Shri Akhilesh Yadav]], Chief Minister, [[Uttar Pradesh]], on 17 April 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allrights.co.in/jaipuria-school-lucknow-inaugurated-by-shri-akhilesh-yadav/|title=Jaipuria School, Lucknow inaugurated by Shri Akhilesh Yadav | All Rights | Torch bearer of your rights|date=4 May 2023 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/jaipuria-group-to-invest-rs-500cr-expansion-across-five-states-118012301009_1.html|title=Jaipuria Group to invest Rs 500Cr expansion across five states|date=23 January 2018|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://news.franchiseindia.com/content/seth-anandram-jaipuria-school-lucknow-branch-inaugurated.n13144|title=Seth Anandram Jaipuria School Lucknow branch inaugurated|website=news.franchiseindia.com|date=29 September 2017 }}</ref>

==Administration==
The senior team as of 2024.

{| class="wikitable"
| Headmistress - Junior School - Mrs. Shilpi Kumar
|-
| Principal - Mrs. Poonam Kochitty
|-
| Vice Principal - Junior School - Mrs. Monika Taneja Manaktalaa
|-
| Vice Principal - Senior School - Mr. Pankaj Rathore
|}

==Special Features==
The original Jaipuria School is Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, owned by Mr. Shishir Jaipuria.
The school also has some features that are usually not available in other schools in [[Lucknow]] :

* Microsoft Showcase School
* Interactive Smart Classes with use of Educomputer
* Safe & Secure Premises with round the clock guards and security provisions
* Table Tennis
* Indoor Sporting Arenas with Swimming Pool Archery
* Badminton, Table Tennis and Cricket
*[https://jaipuria.edu.in/lucknowschool/campus-overview/ Playgrounds and Activity Rooms]
* Well-equipped Science and Computer Laboratories
* Art & Craft room
* Indian Classical, Indian Modern and Western Music rooms
* State of the art teaching facilities. Each class room is equipped with Smart Interactive Board & TATA Edge's Digital Resource Materials
* Basic utilities such as round the clock clean water and electricity and lube
* Open Assembly area
* Well maintained sanitation facilities
* Splash Pool
* Multipurpose Hall

== Curriculum ==
The school offers national syllabus developed by the [[NCERT]], [[New Delhi]] in the light of the new education policy. The school prepares students for:

* All India Secondary Examination (at the end of class X)
* All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (at the end of class XII)

== House system ==
The houses are Ganga, Narmada, Godavari & Krishna. Each house is supervised by a House incharge assisted by a team of teachers and office bearers of students’ council in managing the day to day commitment.
<ref name="auto"/>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/teachers-day-two-up-teachers-among-46-to-get-national-award/story-4LpFTUqZxk3khkLOrW2ZfJ.html|title=Teachers' day two UP teachers among 46 to get National Award|date=31 August 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/cisce-icse-isc-merit-list-2019-lucknow-students-steal-the-limelight/story-vSOtipVrsKFy799emDAlSJ.html|title=CISCE ICSE, ISC merit list 2019: Lucknow students steal the limelight|date=7 May 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Organisation ==
Mr. Shishir Jaipuria<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/shishir-jaipuria-group-embarks-on-major-expansion-drive-in-education-sector/articleshow/50142053.cms|title=Shishir Jaipuria group embarks on major expansion drive in education sector|first=Man Mohan|last=Rai|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=11 December 2015 }}</ref> is the Chairman of Jaipuria Group of Educational Institutions comprising including 17 K-12 schools, 4 pre-schools and 2 business management institutions. As an industrialist, he is CMD, Ginni Filaments Ltd,<ref>[https://simplywall.st/news/how-should-investors-react-to-ginni-filaments-limiteds-nseginnifila-ceo-pay/<]{{dead link|date=April 2021}}</ref> an integrated traditional textile company that holds a large share of the technical textile market in India.

== Location ==
Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Lucknow
Pocket-3, Sector-D, Amar Shaheed Path, Golf City, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

==Notable alumni==
* [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]] - Film Director
* Sanjay Gupta - MD, Dainik Jagran
* [[Gaurav Khanna|Gaurav Khanna - Indian television Actor]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://jaipurialucknow.edu.in Official website]
* [https://jaipuria.edu.in/kanpurschool/ Seth Anandram Jaipuria School Kanpur]
* [https://jaipuria.edu.in/ghaziabadschool Seth Anandram Jaipuria School, Ghaziabad]

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Schools in Lucknow]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2016]]

Godavari Maha Pushkaram

2026-02-09T04:08:55Z

Associatedin21: Starting Some Entry Basic Info

{{Short description|Hindu festival held every 144 years}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Godavari Maha Pushkaram
| logo = Godavari river maha pushkaram logo.png
| logo_alt = Godavari river maha pushkaram logo
| logo_caption =
| logo_size = 100px
| image = Sunset at Godavri.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Godavari River at sunset at [[Rajamahendravaram]]
| status =
| genre = [[Hindu festivals]]
| begins =
| ends =
| frequency = {{unbulleted list|every 12 years|every 144 years (Maha Pushkaram)}}
| venue = {{Collapsible list
|framestyle=border:none; padding:0; 
|title=List of major ghats
|1=[[Kotilingala]]
|2=[[Kaleshwaram]]
|3=[[Bhadrachalam]]
|4=[[Dowleswaram]]
|5=[[Rajahmundry]]
|6=[[Kovvur]]
|7=[[Narsapuram]]
|8=[[Antarvedi]]
}}
| location = [[Godavari River]]
| country = India
| prev = {{start date|df=yes|2015|08|14}}
| next = 2027
| participants = 110 million (64 million in Andhra Pradesh and 46 million in Telangana) (official)<ref name="IANS & Business Standard">{{Cite news
|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/over-11-crore-took-dip-in-godavari-during-12-days-115072600384_1.html
|title=Over 11 crore took dip in Godavari during 12 days
|access-date=2015-07-26
|publisher=IANS.in
|newspaper=Business Standard India
|date=26 July 2015
}}</ref>
| attendance =
| capacity =
| area = [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], Chhattisgarh, [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| budget = INR 23 billion (in 2015)
| activity = Holy river dip and worship at the temples on the banks of the river
| leader_name =
| patron =
| organised = 
| people =
| member =
| website = {{URL|www.godavarimahapushkaram.org/|godavarimahapushkaram.org}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Godavari River.png|thumb|right|260px|Course of the Godavari River through the [[South Indian]] Peninsula]]
{{Hinduism}}
'''Godavari Maha Pushkaram''' ({{Lit|Great Worship of the [[Godavari River]]}}) was a [[List of Hindu festivals|Hindu festival]] held from 14 July to 25 July 2015. This festival occurs once every 144 years, corresponding to the 12th recurrence of the 12-year Godavari [[Pushkaram]] cycle.<ref name=Maha>{{Cite web|url=http://www.godavarimahapushkaram.org/2015/06/22/godavari-maha-pushkaram-2015/|title=Godavari Maha Pushkaram 2015|access-date=3 June 2015|publisher=Official website of Godavari Mahapushkaram Organization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702134335/http://www.godavarimahapushkaram.org/2015/06/22/godavari-maha-pushkaram-2015/|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The festival starts from the [[Ashadha]] (June/July in the [[Gregorian calendar]]) month on the [[Chaturdashi]] [[thithi]] (14th day), when planet [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]] enters the zodiac sign [[Leo (astrology)|Leo]].<ref name=Maha/>{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|p=921}} The festival is "theoretically" observed throughout the twelve months that the planet remains in that sign, but the first 12 days are considered most sacred.<ref name="Eenadu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eenaduindia.com/State/AndhraPradhesh/2015/06/11160715/Chandrababu-reviews-Godavari-Maha-Pushkaram.vpf |title=CM Chandrababu reviews Godavari 'Maha Pushkaram' |access-date=2015-06-11 |publisher=Eenadu India.com |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702123812/http://www.eenaduindia.com/State/AndhraPradhesh/2015/06/11160715/Chandrababu-reviews-Godavari-Maha-Pushkaram.vpf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Maha/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/07/26/stories/2003072601020300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724102437/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/07/26/stories/2003072601020300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-07-24 |title=Holy Dip |author=Ranee Kumar |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=2003-07-26 }}</ref>{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|p=921}} The first 12 days of the Godavari Pushkaram are known as "Aadhi Pushkaram" and the last 12 days are titled "Anthya Pushkaralu".{{Sfn|Pillai|1996|p=14}} The next Maha Pushkaram will be celebrated in 2159.<ref name=Maha/>

At least 27 pilgrims, 13 of them women, died and 20 others were injured in a stampede at a major bathing spot on the banks of the Godavari river where a huge crowd of devotees had gathered on the opening day of 'Pushkaram' festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-14/news/64405897_1_holy-dip-godavari-river-pushkaram|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729212354/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-14/news/64405897_1_holy-dip-godavari-river-pushkaram|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 July 2015|title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News}}</ref>

==Etymology==
"Maha" means "great" and [[Pushkaram]] refers to the worship of the river in which the god Pushkar appears every 12 years.<ref name=Time/> Pushakaram is spelled Pushkaralu in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], Pushkaram in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], Pushkara in [[Kannada language|Kannada]], and Pushkar in [[Hindi language|Hindi]].

==Background==

{{main|Pushkaram}}
[[Pushkaram]] is an [[Hindu]] festival dedicated to worshiping of 12 sacred rivers. The celebration happens annually, once in 12 years along each river. Each river is associated with a zodiac sign, and the river for each year's festival is based on which sign Bruhaspathi ([[Planets in astrology#Jupiter|Jupiter]]) is in at the time.{{sfn|Dalal|2014|pp=921–}} It is believed that bathing in the sacred river during Pushkaram cleanses the devotees of their sins.<ref name=Time/>

Godavari is one of the 12 sacred rivers, and the ''Godavari Pushkaram'' takes place once every 12 years, when the Jupiter is in the [[Leo (astrology)|Leo]] sign. The ''Maha Pushkaram'' ("Great Pushkaram") takes place once every 144 years.

==Festival dates==
The 2015 Godavari Pushkaram is believed to be a ''Maha Pushkaram'', which happens once in 144 years. In 2015, Jupiter enters Leo on 14 July 2015 (Tuesday) at 6.26 am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], when the Maha Pushkaram begins, and ends after 12 days on 25 July 2015 (Saturday).<ref name=Time>{{cite news |url=http://www.news19.in/godavari-pushkaralu-2015-schedule-pushkar-ghat-details/|title=Godavari Pushkaralu 2015 schedule Pushkar Ghat Details |access-date=4 July 2015 |date=9 June 2015 |publisher=News19}}</ref>

Multiple [[almanac]] writers and other skeptics have disputed that the 2015 Godavari Pushkaram was a "Maha Pushkaram". According to Hanmanthavajjula Subrahmanya Sarma, the president of State Drukghanitha Almanac Writers’ Association, the "theory of 144 years is a myth", and nobody knows "who calculated it and how they calculated it".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140718/nation-current-affairs/article/%E2%80%98144-yr%E2%80%99-confusion-grips-pushkaram |title=Confusion over '144 Year' old Godavari Kumba Mela grips Pushkaram |date=2014-07-18 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle }}</ref>

==Details of locations==
The places on the banks of the [[Godavari River]] where pilgrims visit famous temples are in the five districts of [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The notable places are Manthani, [[Basar, Telangana|Basar]], [[Dharmapuri, Telangana|Dharmapuri]], [[Koti Lingala]], [[Kaleshwaram]] and [[Bhadrachalam]]<ref name=Rama>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bhadrachalam-readies-for-pushkaralu/article7419571.ece|title=Bhadrachalam readies for Pushkaralu|access-date=14 July 2015|date=14 July 2015|work=The Hindu}}</ref> in Telangana and [[Rajahmundry]],<ref name=Raj>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/volunteers-flocking-to-rajahmundry/article7409400.ece|title= Volunteers flocking to Rajahmundry|access-date=14 July 2015|date=14 July 2015|work=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Kovvur]], [[Narasapuram]], [[Antarvedi]] in Andhra Pradesh.

==Facilities==
The Maha Pushkaram festival in 2015 attracted 48.1 million people in Andhra Pradesh and 57 million people in the Telangana state link from all parts of India.<ref name="th2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/481-cr-pilgrims-in-pushkaram-event/article7464734.ece|title=4.81 cr. pilgrims took holy dip in Godavari Pushkaram: AP Minister|access-date=2015-07-25|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 July 2015|last1=Bureau|first1=Andhra Pradesh}}</ref> On this occasion, it is essential to take a holy dip in the Godavari River to get the supposed benefits of better physical and mental abilities.<ref name="thehindu1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/godavari-pushkaralu/article7363185.ece|title=Godavari Pushkaralu|access-date=2015-06-28|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 June 2015}}</ref> The Governments of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have made all arrangements for this event in their respective states by constructing [[ghat]]s for bathing and improving roadways, basic amenities of water supply and sanitation, and security. In Andhra Pradesh. the budget allocated for improvement of infrastructure facilities was INR 12.95 billion.<ref name="Eenadu"/>

==Symbolism==
[[File:Godavari pushkaralu 2015 at Rajamandry-7.jpg|thumb|left|Stage of Godavari Harathi in Rajamundry]]
[[File:River Godavari at Bhadrachalam during Pushkaram in 2015.JPG|thumb|Devotees taking a holy dip at [[Bhadrachalam]] during Maha Pushkaram in 2015]]
An emblem titled "Godavari Maha Pushkaram 2015" and "Godavari Pushkaramalu" has been adopted by the state governments for this festival, and a special organization under the same name has also been instituted to address all issues related to the smooth functioning of the festive event. The emblem or logo with a simple design has lines to denote the rapid flow conditions of the Godavari River, a "jyoti" a glowing light, and the representation of offering oblation, called "Arghyam", to [[Surya]], the Sun god.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/andhra-pradesh-govt-chalks-out-grand-plans-for-godavari-maha-pushkaram/ | title=Andhra Pradesh govt chalks out grand plans for Godavari 'Maha Pushkaram|date=20 May 2015|author=PTI|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref>

Another symbolic event<ref name="BridgeCounty">{{Cite web|url=http://bridgecounty.com/wordpress/2015/07/21/godavari-mahpushkaram-recap-of-last-7-days |access-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=dead |title=Godavari Mahpushkaram Recap of last 7 days |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723044419/http://bridgecounty.com/wordpress/2015/07/21/godavari-mahpushkaram-recap-of-last-7-days/ |archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> proposed during the festival is to hold "Sobha Yatra", a procession carrying the [[sacred waters]] of the Godavari River to be mixed with water bodies in all the villages in the 13 districts which lie within the ambit of the Godavari River.<ref name="BridgeCounty"/>

A religious symbolic performance called the "Godavari Arathi", a ritual of worship with a number of lamps is also proposed to be held at Rajahmundry where the river flows out to the sea.<ref name=Maha/>

== See also ==

*[[List of largest gatherings in history]]
*[[Pushkaram]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last= Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT921 |date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 }}
*{{cite book |last= Pillai |first=L.D.S. |title=Panchang and Horoscope |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vV1s4T8y8J8C&pg=PA14|date=1 December 1996 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0258-8 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Godavari Pushkaram}}
{{Wikivoyage|Rajahmundry}}
* [http://pushkaralu.telangana.gov.in/ Godavari Pushkaralu Telangana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108141939/https://pushkaralu.telangana.gov.in/ |date=8 January 2023 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160911150140/http://www.lakshadeepam-vedhagiriswarartemple.thirukalukundram.in/pushkaramela.html thirukalukundram temple pushkaramela ]

{{Pushkaram}}
{{HinduFestivals|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Festivals in Telangana]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]
[[Category:Godavari River]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimages]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in 2015]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in India]]
[[Category:Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Religious tourism in India]]
[[Category:Water and Hinduism]]
[[Category:1991 in India]]
[[Category:2003 in India]]
[[Category:2015 in India]]
[[Category:June observances]]
[[Category:July observances]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]

Tiasa Adhya

2026-02-08T04:01:36Z

Associatedin21: stub - done

{{Short description|Indian conservationist and ecologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}

'''Tiasa Adhya''' (born {{circa|1986}}) is an Indian [[Conservation biology|conservationist]] and [[wildlife biologist]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Debraj |date=2020-03-22 |title=Kolkata girl bags Future For Nature Award, 2022 for conservation |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/kolkata-girl-bags-future-for-nature-award-2022-for-conservation/cid/1856735 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207090938/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/kolkata-girl-bags-future-for-nature-award-2022-for-conservation/cid/1856735 |archive-date=2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-03-13 |work=The Telegraph Online |language=en}}</ref> She is known for her work on protecting [[fishing cats]] and has received the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]], the highest civilian award for women in India from the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt of India. She is also member of IUCN Cat Specialist Group, IUCN Otter Specialist Group and IUCN Freshwater Conservation Committee and has taken part in the Red List Assessment for Fishing Cats for IUCN.

==Early life and education==
Adhya was drawn to animals at a young age.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=amritat |title=Eco-Warriors, Young conservationists of India: Meet Tiasa Adhya |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/eco-warriors-meet-tiasa-adhya/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref> Her interest in wildlife conservation helped her to pass school and get her bachelor's degree.<ref name=":0" /> She studied [[zoology]] at the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=":1" /> She was introduced to work with fishing cats by [[Shomita Mukherjee]], who at the time was the only specialist on small cats in India. Other people she worked with in her early career included [[Jim Sanderson (conservationist)]] and [[Ajith Kumar (biologist)|Ajith Kumar]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, she graduated from The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology with a master's degree in ecology and conservation.

==Career and research==
Her research focuses on fishing cat populations, particularly in [[West Bengal and Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-28 |title=Fishing cats: Is Bengal doing enough to protect its state animal? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/fishing-cats-is-bengal-doing-enough-to-protect-its-state-animal-101643362563147.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227184419/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/fishing-cats-is-bengal-doing-enough-to-protect-its-state-animal-101643362563147.html |archive-date=2024-12-27 |access-date=2025-03-13 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref> She co-founded the [[Fishing Cat Project]] with [[Partha Dey]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-13 |title=The Fishing Cat Project |url=https://fishingcat.org/the-fishing-cat-project/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Fishing Cat Conservation Alliance |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiasa Adhya |url=https://futurefornature.org/ffn_winner/tiasa-adhya/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Future For Nature |language=en-US}}</ref> She works to help the public understand the importance of fishing cat conservation, breaking down scientific jargon into other forms including eco-poetry and film.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Garabedian |first=Kristen |date=2018-12-11 |title=Meet 2018 WCN Scholar Tiasa Adhya |url=https://wildnet.org/meet-2018-wcn-scholar-tiasa-adhya/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Wildlife Conservation Network |language=en-US}}</ref> Her work focuses on building a community that prioritizes conservation together.<ref name=":2" /> She is also Joint Secretary and Director of its Ecology and Conservation Programs at the [[Human & Environment Alliance League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest About Us – Human & Environment Alliance League |url=https://healearth.in/new-about-us-copy/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> She is also Adjunct Faculty at St Xavier's (Autonomous) College, Kolkata and had designed and implemented a semester course on Wetland Ecology and Conservation, the first time that a course on wetlands was integrated at the undergraduate level in Indian academia.

==Selected publications==
Adhya, T., & Banerjee, S. (2022). Impact of wetland development and degradation on the livelihoods of wetland-dependent communities: a case study from the lower gangetic floodplains. ''Wetlands'', ''42''(7), 65.

Adhya, T., Banerjee, S., Dey, P., Nanda, S., Santra, S., & Nesha, I. (2024). Density estimation of the globally threatened fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus through a participatory science approach in the Chilika lagoon, eastern India. ''Endangered Species Research'', ''54'', 1-13.

Adhya, T., & Dey, P. (2020). First record of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) from Chilika lagoon: a Ramsar site situated on the East coast of India. ''OTTER, Journal of the International Otter Survival Fund'', ''6'', 49-55.

==Awards and recognition==

* 2018 Wildlife Conservation Network Scholarship<ref name=":2" />
* Future for Nature Award, 2022<ref name="Mitra">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Debraj |title=Kolkata girl bags Future For Nature Award, 2022 for conservation |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/kolkata-girl-bags-future-for-nature-award-2022-for-conservation/cid/1856735 |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Telegraph India |date=20 March 2022}}</ref>
* Nari Shakti Puraskar<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritu |title=8 young Indian environmentalists who are impacting our world |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/8-young-indian-environmentalists-who-are-impacting-our-world/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref>
* Wildlife Service Award from the [[Sanctuary Nature Foundation]]<ref name="StP">{{cite news |title=8 young Indian environmentalists who are impacting our world |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/8-young-indian-environmentalists-who-are-impacting-our-world/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=She The People |date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

==References==

{{Authority control}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiasa-adhya-880b77175/?originalSubdomain=in Tiasa Adhya on LinkedIn]
{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adhya, Tiasa}}
[[Category:1980s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Indian women biologists]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]

{{biologist-stub}}
{{India-scientist-stub}}

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

2026-01-27T16:40:24Z

Associatedin21: added info

{{Short description|Indian education programme for universal elementary schooling}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
| native_name = सर्व शिक्षा

| logo =
| image =
| caption =
| motto = Education for all
| type =
| country = [[India]]
| founder = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Prime Minister of India]]
| primeminister =
| ministry = [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]]
| key_people =
| launched = {{Start date and age|2001|df=y}}
| launch_place =
| closed = 
| budget =₹ 7266 Crores (For year 2021-2022) {{Citation needed|reason=The programme was merged into the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in 2018, so it does not have a separate budgetary outlay|date=June 2021}}
| website = http://www.ssa.nic.in/
|current_status=Merged with the [[National Education Mission]] in 2018}}
[[File:SSA Punjab math book for primary school.jpg|thumb|A primary school book published under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Punjab]]
'''Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan''' ({{Langx|hi|सर्व शिक्षा अभियान|lit=Education for all campaign}}), or '''SSA''', was an [[Government of India|Indian Government]] programme aimed at the universalisation of Elementary education "in a time bound manner", the 86th Amendment to the [[Constitution of India]] making free and compulsory education to children between the ages of 6 and 14 (estimated to be 206 million children in 2001) a [[Fundamental Rights in India|fundamental right]] (Article- 21A). The programme was pioneered by former Indian [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. It aimed to educate all children between the ages of 6 and 14 by 2010. However, the completion target was later deferred beyond the original deadline.

==History==
As an '''intervention''' programme, it started in 2002 and SSA has been operational since 2000–2001.<ref name=SSA-MHRD>{{cite web|title=Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/schemes|publisher=Department of School Education and Literacy, MHRD, Government of India of India|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> However, its roots go back to 1993–1994, when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched, with an aim of achieving the objective of universal primary education.<ref name=DPEP>{{cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/schemes/district-primary-education-programme-dpep |title=District Primary Education Programme, DPEP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029174118/http://india.gov.in/my-government/schemes/district-primary-education-programme-dpep |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> DPEP, over several phases, covered 272 districts in 18 states of the country.<ref name=DPEP-EFA>{{cite web |url=http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page81.html |title=District Primary Education Programmes (DPEP) |access-date=28 October 2013}}</ref> The expenditure on the programme was shared by the Central Government (85%) and the State Governments (15%). The Central share was funded by a number of external agencies, including the [[World Bank]], [[Department for International Development]] (DFID) and [[UNICEF]].<ref name="Jalan">{{cite web |last1=Jalan |first1=Jyotsna |last2=Glinskaya |first2=Elena |title=Improving Primary School Education in India: An Impact Assessment of DPEP I |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/Training-Events-and-Materials/india_primaryschool.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704211656/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/Training-Events-and-Materials/india_primaryschool.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-04 |access-date=29 November 2013 |website=World Bank}}</ref> By 2001, more than $1.500 billion had been committed to the programme and 50 million children covered in its ambit. In an impact assessment of Phase I of DPEP, the authors concluded that its net impact on minority children was impressive, while there was little evidence of any impact on the enrolment of girls. Nevertheless, they concluded that the investment in DPEP was not a waste, because it introduced a new approach to primary school interventions in India.<ref name=Jalan />

The [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act|Right to Education Act]] (RTE) came into force on 1 April 2010. Some educationists and policy makers believe that, with the passing of this act, SSA has acquired the necessary legal force for its implementation.<ref name=TOI-RTE>{{cite news |date=5 April 2010 |title=Will RTE fulfil the SSA dream? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Will-RTE-fulfil-the-SSA-dream/articleshow/5761551.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
The SSA scheme is designed to improve curriculum, educational planning, teacher education, and management. The main goals of the SSA program are as follows:
*To allow students to not work for food but instead come to school and eat giving them more reasons to come to school
* To establish new schools in such habitations with no schooling facilities.
* To arrange for alternative schooling facilities.
* To strengthen the existing school infrastructure by providing. additional classrooms, toilets, and drinking water facilities.
* To give quality elementary education and life skills to the students
* To manage maintenance grants and school improvement grants.
* To provide uniforms and free textbooks to the school children.
* To provide and increase the strength of teachers by appointing additional teachers in schools with a shortage of teachers.
* To promote girls’ education to bring a change in the status of women.
* To promote the education of children with special needs or differently-abled children.
* To promote equal education opportunity to children of households belonging to SC/ST, landless agricultural labourers, the Muslim minority, etc.
* To understand the educational requirements of the children of traditionally excluded categories.
* To bridge the digital divide by giving computer education to school children.
* To strengthen and enhance the capacity and skills of the existing school teachers through extensive training, grants for developing materials for teachers-learning and maintaining academic support structure at a block, cluster, and district level

==Funds==
Its initial outlay was {{INR}}7,000 crore and in 2011–12, the [[Government of India]] allocated {{INRConvert|21000|c}} for this project, 40 percent increase of the previous year.<ref>{{citation|title=Rasheeda Bhagat A poor country, rich in corruption|date=8 August 2011 |url=http://thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/rasheeda-bhagat/a-poor-country-rich-in-corruption/article2337095.ece}}</ref> Many persons and trust have also contributed and as the program became more popular fund also grew.

==Features==
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a programme for Universal Elementary Education. This program is also an attempt to provide an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children through the provision of community-owned quality education in a mission mode. It is a response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) |url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/sarva-shiksha-abhiyan-ssa-in-india-features-aims-and-objectives/45190/ |website=yourarticlelibrary|date=29 December 2014 }}</ref> "School Chalein Hum" Poem was written by Mehboob to promote the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) programme.<ref>{{cite web |title=School Chale Hum song |url=https://funpur.net/school-chale-hum-song-lyrics |website=funpur |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

==Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat==
''Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat'' is a nationwide sub-programme of ''Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat |url=http://ssa.nic.in/pabminutes-documents/Padhe%20Bharat%20Badhe%20Bharat.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925070852/http://ssa.nic.in/pabminutes-documents/Padhe%20Bharat%20Badhe%20Bharat.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-25 |access-date=4 December 2014 |website=ssa.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Navadha |date=26 August 2014 |title=Smriti Irani launches Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat programme |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/education/smriti-irani-launches-padhe-bharat-badhe-bharat-programme/article6353330.ece |newspaper=Business Line |access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> Children who fail to read in early education lag behind in other subjects. The programme is designed to improve comprehensive early reading, writing and early mathematics programme for children in Classes I and II. Under this programme, {{INRConvert|762|c}} was approved to States. The programme will not only provide print rich environment, timely distribution of books but will also include new teacher mentoring and appraisal system.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Government Schemes 2014-As a follow up to the foundational programme, in 2015-16 a programme called the National Reading Initiative was launched to develop and promote the habit of reading among students in elementary schools, thereby extending the programme up to class 8. States were provided token funds to plan and implement innovative activities to promote reading. States have designed specific interventions targeting children in classes 1 and 2 to improve learning outcomes. There are a variety of focussed programmes being currently implemented across the country.15|url=http://justwiki.net/New_Government_Schemes_2014-15#Padhe_Bharat_Badhe_Bharat|website=justwiki.net|access-date=15 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135136/http://justwiki.net/New_Government_Schemes_2014-15#Padhe_Bharat_Badhe_Bharat|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source|date=April 2015}}
SSA has been operational since 2000–2001 to provide for a variety of interventions for universal access and retention, bridging of gender and social category gaps in elementary education and improving the quality of learning. SSA interventions include inter alia, opening of new schools and alternate schooling facilities, construction of schools and additional classrooms, toilets and drinking water, provisioning for teachers, regular teacher in service training and academic resource support, free textbooks & uniforms and support for improving learning achievement levels / outcome. With the passage of the RTE Act, changes have been incorporated into the SSA approach, strategies and norms. The changes encompass the vision and approach to elementary education, guided by the following principles:
Holistic view of education, as interpreted in the National Curriculum Framework 2005, with implications for a systemic revamp of the entire content and process of education with significant implications for curriculum, teacher education, educational planning and management.
Equity, to mean not only equal opportunity, but also creation of conditions in which the disadvantaged sections of the society – children of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC, ST]], [[Muslims|Muslim]] minority, landless agricultural workers and children with special needs, etc. – can avail of the opportunity.
Access, not to be confined to ensuring that a school becomes accessible to all children within specified distance but implies an understanding of the educational needs and predicament of the traditionally excluded categories – the SC, ST and others sections of the most disadvantaged groups, the Muslim minority, girls in general, and children with special needs.
Gender concern, implying not only an effort to enable girls to keep pace with boys but to view education in the perspective spelt out in the National Policy on Education 1986 /92; i.e. a decisive intervention to bring about a basic change in the status of women.
Centrality of teacher, to motivate them to innovate and create a culture in the classroom, and beyond the classroom, that might produce an inclusive environment for children, especially for girls from oppressed and marginalised backgrounds.
Moral compulsion is imposed through the RTE Act on parents, teachers, educational administrators and other stakeholders, rather than shifting emphasis on punitive processes.
Convergent and integrated system of educational management is pre-requisite for implementation of the RTE law. All states must move in that direction as speedily as feasible.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Provide quality elementary education including life skills with a special focus on the education of girls and children with special needs as well as computer education.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ssa.nic.in/ |title=Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan |website=Ministry of Human Resource Development |access-date=9 October 2011}}</ref>

==Integration==
In 2018, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan along with [[Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan]] was launched to form [[Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179528|title=Ministry of HRD launches 'SamagraSiksha' scheme for holistic development of school education |access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>

== Sub-Programs ==

The National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) was launched in 2003 as a sub-component of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. It was designed to address the specific educational needs of underprivileged girls through gender-sensitive interventions, bridge courses, and model cluster schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL): A Comprehensive Analysis |url=https://govtcareerhub.com/source-based_reports/npegel-analysis/ |website=Govt Career Hub |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NPEGEL Guidelines |url=https://www.educationforallinindia.com/npegl.pdf |website=SSA India |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://ssa.nic.in/}}
* [http://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2018/01/mission-2020-for-sarva-shiksha-abhiyan/ Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]
*[https://www.nokriwale.in/ssa-gujarat-online-hajri-link/ SSA Online Attendance System]

{{School education in India}}
{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Executive branch of the government of India]]
[[Category:Vajpayee administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Education policy in India]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]

Rahul Rajesh

2025-12-31T07:38:59Z

Associatedin21: New new pg...

{{Short description|Indian poet (born 1976)}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2013}}
'''Rahul Rajesh''' (born 1976 in [[Dumka]], [[Jharkhand]]) is an Indian poet writing in [[Hindi]] and a translator. His poems and articles have been published in leading Hindi literary magazines and national dailies like Vaagartha, Gyanodaya, Hans, ''Kathaadesh'', ''Bayaa'', ''Aajkal'', ''Samkaalin Bhaartiya Saahitya'', ''[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]'' (English), ''Saakshaatkaar'', ''Vipaashaa'', ''Saakshya'', ''Doaabaa'', ''Kaadambini'', ''Akshar Parva'', ''Pahal'', ''Vasudha'', ''Samved'', ''Vartamaan Saahitya'', ''Dastak'', ''Kahan'', ''Anoupcharika'', ''Hindustaan'', ''BBC Patrika'', ''Jansattaa'', ''Sahaaraa Samay'', ''Prabhaat Khabar'', ''Deshbandhu'', ''Dainik Bhaaskar'', ''Nai Duniya'', ''Aaj'', ''Ranchi Express'' and others.

His poems have also been translated into [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]].

''Basant Badal Deta Hai Muhavre'' (2011) is Rahul Rajesh's [[Hindi]] translation of [[Ankur Betageri]]'s English Poems. Rahul Rajesh's first collection of poems ''Sirf Ghaas Nahi'' (2013)<ref>{{cite web|title=Book Listing|url=http://www.hindibook.com/index.php?p=sr&Uc=HB-31725|work=Hindi Book Centre|publisher=hindibook.com|accessdate=28 March 2013}}</ref> was published recently by [[Sahitya Akademi]], the National Academy of Letters, to much acclaim.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajesh, Rahul}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Translators to Hindi]]
[[Category:Poets from Jharkhand]]

Sri Ramakrishna P. U. College

2025-12-20T00:50:47Z

Associatedin21: stub - done

{{Short description|Undergraduate college in Mangalore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Orphan|date=March 2017}}


{{Infobox university
| name = Sri Ramakrishna P. U. College
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Sri Ramakrishna P. U. College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India (2015).jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| type =
| established = {{start date|1992}}
| closed = 
| founder =
| parent =
| affiliation =
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| rector =
| principal = Dr. Kishore Kumar Rai Sheni
| dean =
| director =
| city = [[Mangaluru]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| province =
| country = India
}}
'''Sri Ramakrishna P. U. College''' or '''Sri Ramakrishna Pre-university College''' is an undergraduate college located at Bunts Hostel Circle, [[Mangaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India. The college was established in 1992 by the Bunts alias Nadavara Mathr Sangha. The current principal of the college is Dr. Kishore Kumar Rai Sheni.<ref name="dkpucpa">{{cite web|title=Sri Ramakrishna P.U. College Mangaluru {{!}} Dakshinakannada Pre-University college Principals' Association|url=http://dkpucpa.com/college/shree-ramakrishna-p-u-college-managaluru/|website=dkpucpa.com}}</ref><ref name="buntsmathrsangha">{{cite web|last1=SiteCreative.net|first1=Tjobbe Andrews|title=Bunts Mathr Sangha|url=http://www.buntsmathrsangha.net/institutions_sriramakrishnapucollege.html|website=www.buntsmathrsangha.net|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref>

== Courses ==
The college offers undergraduate courses in science, arts, and commerce.

The commerce stream includes subjects like Economics, Business-studies, Economics, Accountancy, and science stream include subject combination like PMCB (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology), PCMCS (Physics, Chemistry, mathematics, Computer Science) etc. The college has <ref name="buntsmathrsangha" />
[[File:Sri Ramakrishna Pre-College school, Mangalore, India.webm|thumb|A view of the college courtyard.]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mangalore]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-stub}}

11th Chennai International Film Festival

2025-12-19T10:22:40Z

Associatedin21: added new page

{{Short description|Film festival edition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox Film Festival
| name = 11th Chennai International Film Festival
| logo = CIFF 11 Logo Vector.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| image = CIFF 11 Poster.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Official poster
| host = [[Suhasini Maniratnam]]
| number = 165
| opening = ''[[Like Father, Like Son (2013 film)|Like Father, Like Son]]''
| closing =
| location = [[Chennai]], India
| awards =
| date = {{Start date|2013|12|12|df=y}} – {{End date|2013|12|19|df=y}}
| founded = 2003
| website = {{URL|https://chennaifilmfest.com/}}
}}

The '''11th [[Chennai International Film Festival]]''' took place in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India from 12 to 19 December 2013. The event was organised by the Indo Cine Appreciation Foundation (ICAF) with support from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. The festival was curated by actress-director [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] and inaugurated by [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Aamir Khan]]. The Japanese drama ''[[Like Father, Like Son (2013 film)|Like Father, Like Son]]'' marked the beginning of the fest.

Director [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] presided over the valedictory function and presented the awards. ''[[Thanga Meenkal]]'', ''[[Haridas (2013 film)|Haridas]]'' and ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' won the Tamil film competition and composer [[Anirudh Ravichander]] was awarded the newly instituted [[Amitabh Bachchan]] award for "Youth Icon of the Year".

== History ==
The Chennai International Film Festival (CIFF) was instituted in the year 2003 by the Indo Cine Appreciation Foundation (ICAF), a non-profit organisation.<ref name="Individual">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/an-individual-is-all-it-takes-to-make-a-film-festival/article5422556.ece |title=An individual is all it takes to make a film festival |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Ramya Kannan |date=5 December 2013}}</ref> ICAF is a registered film society and works for the promotion of meaningful cinema by organising country centric festivals throughout the year by obtaining films from Embassies and Consulates, and has around 500 members, including film directors, cinematographers and technicians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/entries-invited-for-film-festival-in-dec/article5322780.ece |title=Entries invited for film festival in Dec. |newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 November 2013}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] began supporting the event by sponsoring a part of it. The fest was reinvented in 2010 following the involvement of actor-director Suhasini which spiraled the direct involvement of film personalities in coordinating the fest. Later, when the funds raised through well-wishers were not substantial enough to support the event, the state government extended its support and financed the fest with a donation of {{INRConvert|5|m}}. Since then, the government has been supporting the subsequent editions of the festival.<ref name="Individual" /> The fest is conducted every year during the month of December.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/film-lovers-to-get-quality-fare/article3928987.ece |title=Film lovers to get quality fare |newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 September 2012}}</ref>

The festival awards the best of Tamil cinema through a Tamil Feature Film Competition where 12 shortlisted films compete every year for the prize money of {{INR}} 6 lakh.<ref name="Spirit" /> Apart from awards for the Best Feature Film and the Second Best Feature Film, there is a Special Jury Award and a Film Buff Award, which is a web-based award given to the person who watches the maximum number of films and gives his own personalized account of the films watched.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/whats-happening-at-the-11th-chennai-international-film-festival.html |title=A Few Highlights of the 11th CIFF, 2013 |publisher=Behindwoods |date=4 December 2013}}</ref>

== 11th CIFF ==
The 11th edition of the film festival was also organised by the ICAF. Emanadar Thangaraj, General Secretary of ICAF, invited actor-director [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] to curate the event. The fest was conducted between 12 and 19 December 2013 and a total of 165 films were screened in 8 screens across 5 venues.<ref name="Marathon">{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Gearing-up-for-a-Movie-Marathon/2013/12/10/article1937051.ece1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224083937/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Gearing-up-for-a-Movie-Marathon/2013/12/10/article1937051.ece1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2013 |title=Gearing up for a Movie Marathon |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=10 December 2013}}</ref> Presented by the national newspaper ''[[The Hindu]]'' and the Tamil satellite channel ''Pudhuyugam'', the event saw the participation of 58 countries. The film festival celebrated the spirit of international cinema and the Centenary of Indian Cinema.<ref name="Spirit">{{cite news |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/chennai-film-fest-celebrate-spirit-international-cinema-curtain-114404919.html |title=Chennai film fest to celebrate spirit of international cinema (Curtain-raiser) |publisher=Yahoo India News |author=Haricharan Pudipeddi |agency=IANS |date=10 December 2013}}</ref> Though the festival was supported by the state government, the funds were raised mainly through sponsorship and donations by celebrity volunteers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/when-the-going-gets-tough/article5508227.ece |title=When the going gets tough... |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=27 December 2013}}</ref> A specially designed poster was unveiled on 6 November 2013.<ref name="Azmi" /> An anthem song was set to tunes by [[Prakash Nikki]]. The lyrics was written by Rohini and sung by [[Andrea Jeremiah]], Vallavan and Yuki.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XawP7VrHQds |title=11th Chennai International Film Festival Anthem - CIFF Anthem |author=Chennai FilmFest |medium=[[YouTube]] |date=11 December 2013}}</ref> The song was used for promotional purpose and was released a day before the fest began.<ref name="Anthem">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Andrea-Jeremiah-croons-CIFF-anthem/articleshow/26626230.cms |title=Andrea Jeremiah croons CIFF anthem |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=IANS |date=30 November 2013}}</ref>

As is the norm, the fest has a Tamil Feature Film Competition. In a press conference held on 6 November 2013, Thangaraj made the official announcement while the registration for the same began in early June 2013 with the last date being extended from 30 September to 15 November.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dearcinema.com/call-for-entry/call-for-entry-chennai-international-film-festival-2013/5353 |title=Call for Entry: Chennai International Film Festival 2013 |date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/heres-a-chance-to-win-an-award/article5202229.ece |title=Here's a chance to win an award |newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 October 2013}}</ref> Producers of Tamil films censored between 16 October 2012 and 15 October 2013 were invited to apply for the competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/applications-invited/article5276556.ece |title=Applications invited |newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 October 2013}}</ref> The 11th edition also saw the institution of a new award, the 'Amitabh Bachchan Youth Icon Award', as a token of respect to [[Amitabh Bachchan|Bachchan]] who graced the closing ceremony of the fest the previous year.<ref name="Anthem" /> Ironically though, the CIFF Documentary Contest that took place the previous year was absent.

=== Inauguration ===
Actress [[Shabana Azmi]], who was expected to be present for the inaugural following an invite by Thangaraj, could not make her presence.<ref name="Azmi">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Shabana-Azmi-Kamal-Haasan-likely-to-inaugurate-CIFF/articleshow/25371514.cms? |title=Shabana Azmi, Kamal Haasan likely to inaugurate CIFF |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=IANS |date=7 November 2013}}</ref> The event was set in motion at around 5:30 PM on 12 December 2013 at Sir Mutha Venkata Subba Rao Concert Hall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/kamal-haasan-and-aamir-khan-deliver-the-inagural-address-at-the-11-chennai-international-film-festival.html |title=Kamal Haasan and Aamir Khan deliver the inaugural address at the 11 Chennai International Film Festival |publisher=Behindwoods |date=12 December 2013}}</ref> The fest was inaugurated by Tamil actor-director [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Bollywood]] actor-director-TV anchor [[Aamir Khan]] in the presence of celebrities including [[Mohanlal]]. Khan who resides at [[Mumbai]] attended the event in [[Chennai]] at his own expense following the example set by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-13/news-interviews/45160811_1_ciff-chennai-international-film-festival-indo-cine-appreciation-foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114749/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-13/news-interviews/45160811_1_ciff-chennai-international-film-festival-indo-cine-appreciation-foundation |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2013 |title=Aamir following Amitabh Bachchan, to attend film fest at own expense |agency=TNN |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 December 2013}}</ref> A week prior to the inauguration, in a curtain-raiser interview to ''The Hindu'', Khan emphasised the need for social commitment in films.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/an-entertainer-should-help-build-the-moral-fibre-of-society/article5444744.ece |title=An entertainer should help build the moral fibre of society |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Baradwaj Rangan |date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Following the inauguration, in an open stage interaction with Suhasini, Haasan underlined the importance of script writing and was quoted saying "There are books, but books will not make cinema. Even Shakespeare will have to learn script-writing."<ref name="Start">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/chennai-international-film-festival-gets-off-to-a-glittering-start/article5452614.ece |title=Chennai International Film Festival gets off to a glittering start |newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 December 2013}}</ref> In response to a question raised by singer [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] on the need for qualified critics in censor board, Haasan also called for the film industry to take the responsibility of censoring films as he felt that those on the Censor Board were not qualified enough to do so.<ref name="Inaugural">{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/only-qualified-people-should-be-there-in-censor-board-kamal-haasan/439350-71-180.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216032515/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/only-qualified-people-should-be-there-in-censor-board-kamal-haasan/439350-71-180.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2013 |title=Only qualified people should be there in Censor Board: Kamal Haasan |work=[[CNN IBN]] |date=13 December 2013}}</ref> As part of his inaugural speech, Khan wished for a chain of theatres to showcase world cinema and Indian art-house films throughout the year claiming "these films do attract considerable audience."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/aamir-khan-india-should-have-a-theatre-chain-showing-international-films-458272 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215212504/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/aamir-khan-india-should-have-a-theatre-chain-showing-international-films-458272 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2013 |title=Aamir Khan: India should have a theatre chain showing international films |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=IANS |date=13 December 2013 }}</ref>

The inauguration was compered by actress [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] and Ramya of the CIFF.<ref name="Start" /> The event began with poetry reading of select Tamil film songs by actresses [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] and [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]] followed by a music session with performances by vocalist [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and pianist [[Anil Srinivasan]], who rendered songs of [[Ilaiyaraja]].<ref name="Inaugural" /> As part of the event, dancers [[Shobana]], [[Swarnamalya]] and their students presented thematic dance performances.<ref name="Start" />

=== Main Event ===
The main event of the fest constitutes the screening of 165 films that includes 12 Tamil films as part of the Tamil Feature Film Competition, 17 films of Indian Panorama, and three documentaries, one each on Ellis R. Dungan, Gemini Ganesan and K. Subramanyam.<ref name="Intro">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/163-films-from-58-countries-at-chennai-film-fest-this-year/article5426661.ece |title=163 films from 58 countries at Chennai film fest this year |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> The film festival featured retrospectives of Goran Paskaljevic from Serbia (seven films), Claire Denis from France (five films) and Istvan Szabo from Hungary (three films). The event also included a special section showcasing six films from contemporary Turkey apart from a country focus on Taiwan and Iran.<ref name="Intro" /> The fest had a special focus on award-winning films from international film festivals like Cannes, Berlin and Venice some of which were screened.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Kamal-Haasan-to-inaugurate-11th-Chennai-International-Film-Festival/articleshow/25362891.cms |title=Kamal Haasan to inaugurate 11th Chennai International Film Festival |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=TNN |date=7 November 2013}}</ref> The venues for the screening were the Woodlands Multiplex (2 screens), [[INOX Leisure Limited|Inox]] (2 screens), [[Abhirami Mega Mall]] (2 screens), Casino Theatre and Rani Seethai Hall.<ref name="Marathon" />

Three documentary films were screened in a Special Section.<ref name="Spirit" /> ''[[An American in Madras]]'' is a documentary on American-Tamil film director [[Ellis R. Dungan]]. The documentary was the a result of a research by Karan Bali of ''Upperstall.com'', a film website that focuses on classic and independent Indian cinema and its luminaries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/flashback-to-the-dungan-era/article5435549.ece |title=Flashback to the Dungan era |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=8 December 2013}}</ref> The Tamil romantic-drama ''Kadhal Mannan'' is a documentary on veteran actor [[Gemini Ganesan]], who was popularly known by the moniker 'Kadhal Mannan'. The third was a documentary on director [[K. Subramanyam]] titled ''He Swam Against the Colonial Current''. The docu was made for the Public Service Broadcasting Trust (PSBT), [[New Delhi]], by S. Krishnaswamy, Subrahmanyam's son.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/ode-to-a-visionary-filmmaker/article5463597.ece |title=Ode to a visionary filmmaker |newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 December 2013}}</ref>

The fest got rolling with the screening of the [[Hirokazu Koreeda]] directed ''[[Like Father, Like Son (2013 film)|Like Father, Like Son]]'', the English remake rights of which have been bought by [[Steven Spielberg]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/now-showing/article5455689.ece |title=Now showing |newspaper=The Hindu|author=S. Harshvardhan |date=13 December 2013}}</ref> The red carpet screenings include ''The Hunt'', ''Walesa: Man of Hope'', ''The Past'', ''Omar'', ''The Great Beauty'' and ''Harmony Lessons''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/pick-of-the-lot/article5451609.ece |title=Pick of the lot |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=12 December 2013}}</ref> Claudia Lacotte of Eye on Films, a France-based distribution company, addressed the film industry and aspiring filmmakers on the importance of circulating feature films across film festivals around the globe.<ref name="Spirit" /><ref name="Spielberg">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/how-to-crowd-fund-your-movie-ciff-forum-to-discuss-on-monday/article5460489.ece |title=Festival Diary |newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 December 2013}}</ref>

=== Forum Discussions ===
The event conducted three Forum Discussions, two in English and one in Tamil. The first of the three held at Inox, 'How to crowd fund your movie?' was moderated by filmmaker Alphonse Roy. Director [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]] who had directed the Kannada hit ''[[Lucia (film)|Lucia]]'' completely through [[crowd-funding]] and documentary filmmaker Amudhan R.P., discussed the possibility and ways of crowd-funding a film project. Rohini and independent filmmaker-journalist-film critic Sudhish Kamath also participated in the lively discussion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/when-viewers-turn-producers/article5471247.ece |title=When viewers turn producers |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Udhav Naig |date=18 December 2013}}</ref> In another discussion on 'Women behind Cinema' moderated by Suhasini, the panel, including female producers and entrepreneurs Pushpa Kandasamy of [[Kavithalayaa Productions]], Archana Kalpathi of [[AGS Entertainment|AGS Cinemas]], Sitara Suresh and Nivedha Priyadarshini<ref name="Women">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/celebrating-women/article5466970.ece |title=Celebrating women |newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 December 2013}}</ref> discussed the difficulties faced by women filmmakers and technicians.<ref name="Disney">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/food-for-eyes-and-thought/article5475239.ece |title=Food for eyes and thought |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath, Udhav Naig |date=19 December 2013}}</ref> The third forum also held at Inox titled 'Realising Novel Ideas Successfully' discussed bringing novel ideas to films. The team behind ''[[Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom]]'' along with writer-filmmaker Amshan Kumar, [[Gautami]] and Sudhish Kamath took part<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/small-budget-big-impact/article5478272.ece |title=Small budget, big impact |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Udhav Naig |date=19 December 2013}}</ref> where the question of 'why do we make films?' cropped up. Suhasini quoted [[Walt Disney]] saying "We don't make movies to make money. We make money to make more movies."<ref name="Disney" />

Excluding the aforementioned, 'Cinema of Cruelty', a discussion on Tamil cinema, pondered over the excessive violence found in Tamil films and its influences, citing that ''[[Paruthiveeran]]'' and ''[[Subramaniapuram]]'' started the trend inspiring even acclaimed filmmaker [[Anurag Kashyap]] to make a film like ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-of-cruelty/article5482697.ece |title=Cinema of Cruelty |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=20 December 2013}}</ref>

=== Reception ===
''The Great Beauty''<ref name="Disney" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-paean-to-the-eternal-city/article5478347.ece |title=A paean to the Eternal City |newspaper=The Hindu|author=S. Harshvardhan |date=19 December 2013}}</ref>
''Parviz''<ref name="Disney" />
''Walesa: A Man of Hope''<ref name="Women" />
''The Hunt''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-slice-of-good-cinema/article5463598.ece |title=A slice of good cinema |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Udhav Naig |date=16 December 2013}}</ref>
''Blue Is The Warmest Colour''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-shade-of-love/article5469899.ece |title=A shade of love |newspaper=The Hindu|author=S. Harshvardhan |date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
''Omar''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-portrait-of-palestine/article5473991.ece |title=A portrait of Palestine |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Udhav Naig |date=18 December 2013}}</ref>
''Midhunam''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2013-12-16/Mithunam%E2%80%99s-moment-of-glory-at-Chennai-film-festival-79491 |title=Mithunam’s moment of glory at Chennai film festival |newspaper=[[The Hans India]] |author=SV Suryaprakasa Rao |date=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/on-screen-after-2007/article5467133.ece |title='Mithunam' floors audience at CIFF |newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tanikella-bharani-floored-by-response-to-mithunam-at-ciff/440136-71-216.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229231010/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tanikella-bharani-floored-by-response-to-mithunam-at-ciff/440136-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 December 2013 |title=Tanikella Bharani floored by response to 'Mithunam' at CIFF |work=CNN IBN |agency=IANS |date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
''Like Father, Like Son''<ref name="Spielberg" />

=== Jury ===
The jury members for the Tamil feature film competition was introduced by Rohini.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/aamir-khan-kamal-haasan-give-memorable-start-to-ciff/article1-1162142.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213185417/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/aamir-khan-kamal-haasan-give-memorable-start-to-ciff/article1-1162142.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 December 2013 |title=Aamir Khan, Kamal Haasan give memorable start to CIFF |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=IANS |date=13 December 2013}}</ref> The jury was headed by producer-director [[R. V. Udayakumar]] and constitutes actor-director [[Sripriya]] and prominent writer [[S. Ramakrishnan]].<ref name="Marathon" /> Twelve films were short listed from a total of 17 entries.<ref name="Marathon" />

=== Closing ceremony ===
The 8-day film festival came to a close on 19 December 2013. The closing ceremony was held at Sir Mutha Venkata Subba Rao Concert Hall. While Mohanlal was reported to be one of the chief guests of the evening, he skipped it having made it to the inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mohanlal-to-attend-the-closing-ceremony-of-ciff/440105-71-210.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221041438/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mohanlal-to-attend-the-closing-ceremony-of-ciff/440105-71-210.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2013 |title=Mohanlal to attend the closing ceremony of CIFF |work=CNN IBN |agency=IANS |date=17 December 2013}}</ref> Director [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] was the sole chief guest.<ref name="ROM"/> The closing was anchored by [[Karthi]] and [[Anu Hasan]].<ref name="ROM">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/offbeat-films-earn-laurels-at-ciff/article5479609.ece |title=Offbeat films earn laurels at CIFF |newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 December 2013}}</ref> Following a live concert by composer Anirudh Ravichander, the chief guest handed over the various awards. ''Thanga Meenkal'' and ''Haridas'' won the first and second place in the Tamil Competition while its child actors won the newly instituted award for Best Child Artistes.<ref name="Closing">{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thangameengal-Haridas-Win-Top-Laurels-at-CIFF/2013/12/20/article1955671.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224122934/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thangameengal-Haridas-Win-Top-Laurels-at-CIFF/2013/12/20/article1955671.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2013 |title='Thangameengal', 'Haridas' win top laurels at CIFF |newspaper=The New Indian Express |agency=IANS |date=20 December 2013}}</ref> The Special Jury Award for Individual Excellence was presented to [[Adharvaa]] for his performance in ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]''.<ref name="Closing" /> Anirudh won the maiden Amitabh Bachchan award for Youth Icon of the year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Kolaveri-composer-bags-Big-B-Youth-Icon-award/articleshow/26946786.cms |title='Kolaveri' composer bags Big B Youth Icon award |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=TNN |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> The winner of the Online Film Buff Award was announced as Pavithran Sivam through their Facebook page.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/Chennaifilmfest/posts/645350205521167 |title=Pavithran Sivam is the winner of the CIFF 2013 ONLINE FILM BUFF AWARD |medium=Facebook |date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

== Promotion ==
The organisers decided to get the city involved in the event. Suhasini says, "That’s when we decided to stage a flash mob. This year, we also have Zumba. We have festival tees, student volunteers, more cinema halls, and several stars."<ref name="Individual" /> In a move to publicise the fest among the public, the organisers held flash mob dances and [[Zumba]] by the beach. On 11 December 2013, a day before the event began, dancers from the professional dance group 'The S Community of Entertainment', created a flash mob at the atrium of [[Express Avenue]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/shaking-a-leg-to-welcome-film-fest/article5450037.ece |title=Shaking a leg to welcome film fest |newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 December 2013}}</ref> They were joined by [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Jayam Ravi]], Suhasini, etc. for the five-minute performance.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/vijay-sethupathi-jayam-ravi-jive-ciff-071207087.html |title=Vijay Sethupathi, Jayam Ravi jive for CIFF |work=Yahoo India News |agency=IANS |date=12 December 2013}}</ref> During the after-party following the inauguration, professional dancers who were rehearsing Zumba was joined by the Khan, Mohanlal, Suhasini and a few more who would perform later.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/stars-to-zumba-on-beach-for-film-fest/article5456845.ece |title=Stars to Zumba on beach for film fest |newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 December 2013}}</ref> On the morning of 15 December, a set was erected at the Schmidt Memorial, [[Besant Nagar]] Beach and Zumba was performed by celebrities including Suhasini, [[Anita Ratnam]], [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], VJ Ramya Subramaniam, Ashok Kumar, Maanu and Abhirami.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/on-sunday-besant-nagar-woke-up-to-zumba/article5463319.ece |title=On Sunday, Besant Nagar woke up to Zumba |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Udhav Naig |date=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/cannes-to-oscars-en-route-chennai/article5431248.ece |title=Cannes to Oscars, en route Chennai |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=7 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/more-on-the-holocaust/article5467111.ece |title=More on the Holocaust |newspaper=The Hindu|author=S. Harshvardhan |date=17 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/just-cant-let-go-of-the-past/article5465926.ece |title=Just can’t let go of The Past |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Sudhish Kamath |date=16 December 2013}}</ref>

== Screenings ==

=== Retrospectives ===
; Retrospective of Goran Paskaljevic
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 1 || ''Beach Guard in Winter'' || ''[[Čuvar plaže u zimskom periodu]]'' (1976) || Serbo-Croatian || rowspan="7"|[[Goran Paskaljevic]] || Yugoslavia || Woodlands Symphony || 16, 10:45 AM
|-
| 2 || ''Special Treatment'' || ''[[Poseban tretman]]'' (1980) || Serbo-Croatian || Yugoslavia || Inox 3 || 15, 11 AM
|-
| 3 || ''When Day Breaks'' || ''[[Kad svane dan]]'' (2012) || Serbian || Serbia || Woodlands Symphony || 13, 1:45 PM
|-
| 4 || ''Cabaret Balkan'' || ''[[Bure baruta]]'' (1998) || Serbian || Yugoslavia || Inox 3 || 18, 11 AM
|-
| 5 || || ''[[How Harry Became a Tree]]'' (2001) || English || Italy France UK || Woodlands Symphony || 18, 10:45 AM
|-
| 6 || ''Midwinter Night’s Dream'' || ''[[San zimske noci]]'' (2004) || Serbian || Serbia Montenegro || Inox 3 || 19, 4:30 PM
|-
| 7 || ''Honeymoons'' || ''Medeni mesec'' (2009) || Serbian Albanian || Serbia Albania || Woodlands Symphony || 17, 1:45 PM
|}

; Retrospective of István Szabó
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 8 || ''The Door'' || ''[[Az ajtó]]'' (2012) || English || rowspan="3"|[[István Szabó]] || rowspan="3"|Hungary || Woodlands Symphony || 15, 6:45 PM
|-
| 9 || ''Sweet Emma, Dear Böbe – Sketches, Nudes'' || ''[[Édes Emma, drága Böbe - vázlatok, aktok]]'' (1992) || Hungarian || Woodlands Symphony || 16, 4:15 PM
|-
| 10 || ''Budapest Tales'' || ''[[Budapesti mesék]]'' (1976) || Hungarian || Rani Seethai Hall || 19, 11 AM
|}

; Retrospective of Claire Denis
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 11 || ''No Fear, No Die'' || ''[[S'en fout la mort]]'' (1990) || French || rowspan="5"|[[Claire Denis]] || rowspan="4"|France || Woodlands Symphony || 18, 1:45 PM
|-
| 12 || ''Good Work'' || ''[[Beau Travail]]'' (1999) || French Italian Russian || Woodlands Symphony || 17, 10:45 AM
|-
| 13 || || ''[[Trouble Every Day (film)|Trouble Every Day]]'' (2001) || French English || Woodlands Symphony || 14, 10:45 AM
|-
| 14 || ''The Intruder'' || ''[[L'intrus]]'' (2004) || French || Woodlands Symphony || 13, 10:45 AM
|-
| 15 || ''35 Shots of Rum'' || ''[[35 Rhums]]'' (2008) || French German || France Germany || Woodlands Symphony || 16, 1:45 PM
|}

=== World Cinema ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 16 || ''Young & Beautiful'' || ''[[Jeune & Jolie]]'' (2013) || French || [[François Ozon]] || France || Woodlands || 15, 7 PM
|-
| 17 || || ''Salvo '' (2013) || Italian || Fabio Grassadonia Antonio Piazza || France Italy || Casino || 16, 4:30 PM
|-
| 18 || || ''Suzanne'' (2013) || French || Katell Quillévéré || France || Casino || 17, 11 AM
|-
| 19 || || ''[[My Sweet Pepper Land]]'' (2013) || Kurdish || [[Huner Saleem]] || France Germany Iraq || Inox 3 || 18, 2 PM
|-
| 20 || ''Six Acts'' || ''[[Shesh Peamim]]'' || Hebrew || Jonathan Gurfinkel || Israel || Woodlands || 19, 11 AM
|-
| 21 || ''Harmony Lessons'' || ''[[Uroki garmonii]]'' (2013) || Kazakh Russian || [[Emir Baighazin]] || France Germany Kazakhstan || Woodlands || 19, 2 PM
|-
| 22 || || ''[[Cheap Thrills (film)|Cheap Thrills]]'' (2013) || English || E.L. Katz || USA || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 14, 11 AM
|-
| 23 || ''The Missing Picture'' || ''[[L'image manquante]]'' (2013) || French || [[Rithy Panh]] || Cambodia France || Inox 3 || 18, 4:30 PM
|-
| 24 || ''The German Doctor'' || ''[[Wakolda]]'' (2013) || Spanish || [[Lucía Puenzo]] || Argentina / France / Spain / Norway || Inox 3 || 17, 11 AM
|-
| 25 || ''Little Lion'' || ''Comme un lion'' (2012)|| French || Samuel Collardey || France || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 14, 2 PM
|-
| 26 || || ''12 Ans D'âge'' (2013) || French || Frédéric Proust || France || Casino || 14, 4:30 PM
|-
| 27 || ''The Amazing Catfish'' || ''[[Los insólitos peces gato]]'' (2013) || Spanish || Claudia Sainte-Luce || Mexico || Woodlands || 18, 11 AM
|-
| 28 || ''Two Mothers'' || ''{{ill|Two Mothers (2013 German film)|de|Zwei Mütter (2013)|lt=Zwei Mütter}}'' (2013) || German || [[Anne Zohra Berrached]] || Germany || Woodlands || 16, 7 PM
|-
| 29 || ''What They Don't Talk About When They Talk About Love'' || ''Yang tidak dibicarakan ketika membicarakan cinta'' (2013) || Indonesian || [[Mouly Surya]] || Indonesia || Woodlands || 17, 2 PM
|-
| 30 || ''The Eternal Return of Antonis Paraskevas'' || ''[[I aionia epistrofi tou Antoni Paraskeua]]'' (2013) || Greek || Elina Psikou || Greece || Inox 2 || 14, 1:45 PM
|-
| 31 || ''The Major'' || ''Mayor'' (2013) || Russian || Yuri Bykov || Russia || Robot Bala Abirami || 13, 4:15 PM
|-
| 32 || ''Coming Forth by Day'' || ''Al-khoroug lel-nahar'' (2012) || Arabic || Hala Lotfy || Egypt || Inox 2 || 17, 1:45 PM
|-
| 33 || ''After the Battle'' || ''[[Baad el Mawkeaa]]'' (2012) || Arabic || [[Yousry Nasrallah]] || Egypt || Rani Seethai Hall || 18, 11 AM
|-
| 34 || ''Chaos, Disorder'' || ''Harag W' Marag'' (2012) || Arabic || Nadine Khan || Egypt || Rani Seethai Hall || 19, 2 PM
|-
| 35 || ''Chinese Zodiac'' || ''[[CZ12]]'' (2012) || || [[Jackie Chan]] || China Hong Kong || Rani Seethai Hall || 12, 2PM
|-
| 36 || ''A Simple Life'' || ''[[A Simple Life|Tao jie]]'' (2012) || Cantonese || [[Ann Hui]] || Hong Kong || Rani Seethai Hall || 13, 7 PM
|-
| 37 || ''Back to 1942'' || ''[[Back to 1942|Yi jiu si er]]'' (2012) || Mandarin || [[Xiaogang Feng]] || China || Rani Seethai Hall || 17, 11 AM
|-
| 38 || ''The Old Man'' || ''[[The Old Man (2012 film)|Shal]]'' (2012) || Kazakh || [[Ermek Tursunov]] || Kazakhstan || Woodlands Symphony || 12, 10:45 AM
|-
| 39 || — || ''[[Don Jon]]'' (2013) || English || [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] || USA || Robot Bala Abirami || 15, 10:45 AM
|-
| 40 || — || ''[[Mystery Road (film)|Mystery Road]]'' (2013) || English || [[Ivan Sen]] || Australia || Woodlands Symphony || 13, 6:45 PM
|-
| 41 || ''90 Minutes'' || ''90 minutter'' (2012) || Norwegian || Eva Sørhaug || Norway || Woodlands || 13, 11 AM
|-
| 42 || ''The Tree and the Swing'' || ''To dentro kai i kounia'' (2013) || Greek || [[Maria Douza]]|| Greece || Robot Bala Abhirami || 17, 4:15 PM
|-
| 43 || || ''Fynbos'' (2012) || English || Harry Patramanis || South Africa Greece USA || Casino || 19, 11 AM
|-
| 44 || ''Tangerines'' || ''[[Mandariinid]]'' (2013) || Russian || [[Zaza Urushadze]] || Estonia Georgia || Robot Bala Abirami || 14, 1:45 PM
|-
| 45 || ''A Stranger'' || ''Obrana i zastita'' (2013) || Croatian Bosnian || Bobo Jelcic || Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina || Inox 2 || 14, 6:45 PM
|-
| 46 || ''The Bag of Flour'' || ''Le sac de farine'' (2012) || Arabic French || Kadija Leclere || Belgium, Morocco, and France || Robot Bala Abirami || 13, 6:45 PM
|-
| 47 || ''The Past'' || ''[[Le Passé]]'' (2013) || French Persian || [[Asghar Farhadi]] || France Iran || Woodlands || 18, 2 PM
|-
| 48 || || ''Olli'' (2013) || Tamil || P. Rameesh || Malaysia || Inox 3 || 16, 2 PM
|-
| 49 || ''How to Describe a Cloud'' || (2013) || || David Verbeek || Netherlands || Robot Bala Abirami || 13, 1:45 PM
|-
| 50 || ''[[Something in the Way (film)|Something in the Way]]'' || (2013) || Indonesian || [[Teddy Soeriaatmadja]] || Indonesia || Casino || 13, 11 AM
|-
| 51 || ''Like Father, Like Son'' || ''[[Soshite chichi ni naru]]'' (2013) || Japanese || [[Hirokazu Koreeda]] || Japan || Casino || 14, 2 PM
|-
| 52 || ''The Whirl'' || ''Vir'' (2012) || Serbian || Bojan Vuk Kosovcevic || Serbia || Woodlands || 13, 4:30 PM
|-
| 53 || — || ''Illusion'' (2013) || German || [[Roland Reber]] || Germany || Inox 2 || 17, 6:45 PM
|-
| 54 || ''Walesa. Man of Hope'' || ''[[Walesa. Man of Hope|Walesa. Czlowiek z nadziei]]'' (2013) || Polish || [[Andrzej Wajda]] || Poland || Woodlands || 17, 7 PM
|-
| 55 || ''Life Feels Good'' || ''[[Life Feels Good|Chce sie zyc]]'' (2013) || Polish || [[Maciej Pieprzyca]] || Poland || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 15, 11 AM
|-
| 56 || ''A Long and Happy Life'' || ''Dolgaya schastlivaya zhizn'' (2013) || Russian || Boris Khlebnikov || Russia || Woodlands || 15, 11 AM
|-
| 57 || ''Rock the Casbah'' || ''[[Rock the Casbah (2012 film)|Rock Ba-Casba]]'' (2012) || Hebrew || Yariv Horowitz || Israel/France || Robot Bala Abirami || 18, 10:45 AM
|-
| 58 || ''Floating Skyscrapers'' || ''Plynace wiezowce'' (2013) || Polish || Tomasz Wasilewski || Poland || Robot Bala Abirami || 19, 1:45 PM
|-
| 59 || ''Roa'' || (2013) || Spanish || [[Andrés Baiz]] || Colombia || Casino || 19, 2 PM
|-
| 60 || || ''[[El Mudo (film)|El Mudo]]'' (2013) || Spanish || Daniel Vega Vidal Diego Vega Vidal || Peru France Mexico || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 17, 11 AM
|-
| 61 || ''Stray Dogs'' || ''Jiao you'' (2013) || Mandarin || [[Tsai Ming-liang]] || Taiwan France || Woodlands || 14, 2 PM
|-
| 62 || ''Mother, I Love You'' || ''[[Mammu, es tevi mīlu]]'' (2013) || Latvian || Jānis Nords || Latvia || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 16, 11 AM
|-
| 63 || ''Cannibal Vegetarian'' || ''[[Ljudožder vegetarijanac]]'' (2012) || Croatian || [[Branko Schmidt]] || Croatia || Inox 3 || 14, 2 PM
|-
| 64 || ''Fatal Sin'' || ''Pecado Fatal'' (2013) || Portuguese || Luís Diogo || Portugal || Casino || 13, 7 PM
|-
| 65 || ''The Future'' || ''Il Futuro'' (2013) || Italian Spanish English || Alicia Scherson || Chile Germany Italy Spain || Woodlands Symphony || 17, 4:15 PM
|-
| 66 || || ''XL'' (2013) || Icelandic || Marteinn Thorsson || Iceland || Rani Seethai Hall || 13, 11 AM
|-
| 67 || ''Spooks and Spirits'' || ''[[Spooks and Spirits|Ófeigur gengur aftur]]'' (2013) || Icelandic || [[Ágúst Guðmundsson]] || Iceland || Rani Seethai Hall || 15, 7 PM
|-
| 68 || ''Rock Bottom'' || ''Þetta Reddast'' (2013) || Icelandic || Börkur Gunnarsson || Iceland || Woodlands Symphony || 17, 6:45 PM
|-
| 69 || ''Ferox'' || ''Falskur Fugl'' (2013) || Icelandic || Thor Omar Jonsson || Iceland || Woodlands Symphony || 19, 10:45 AM
|-
| 70 || ''[[A Coffee in Berlin]]'' || ''Oh Boy!'' (2012) || German English|| [[Jan-Ole Gerster]] || Germany || Woodlands Symphony || 13, 4:15 PM
|-
| 71 || ''The Wild Ones'' || ''Els nens salvatges'' (2012) || Spanish || Patricia Ferreira || Spain || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 15, 4:30 PM
|-
| 72 || ''A Touch of Sin'' || ''[[Tian Zhu Ding]]'' (2013) || Mandarin || [[Zhangke Jia]] || China || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 17, 7 PM
|-
| 73 || ''Ken & Mary: The Asian Truck Express'' || ''Ken to Merî: Ame-agari no yozora ni'' (2013) || Japanese || [[Kenta Fukasaku]] || Japan || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 18, 11 AM
|-
| 74 || ''The Shooter'' || ''Skytten'' (2013) || Danish || Annette K. Olesen || Denmark || Casino || 14, 7 PM
|-
| 75 || ''The Hunt'' || ''[[Jagten]]'' (2013) || Danish || [[Thomas Vinterberg]] || Denmark || Woodlands || 16, 2 PM
|-
| 76 || ''Northwest'' || ''[[Nordvest (film)|Nordvest]]'' (2013) || Danish || [[Michael Noer (director)|Michael Noer]] || Denmark || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 19, 2 PM
|-
| 77 || ''The Cleaner'' || ''[[El limpiador]]'' (2013) || Spanish || Adrián Saba || Peru || Robot Bala Abirami || 16, 1:45 PM
|-
| 78 || ''The Photograph'' || ''Zdjecie'' (2012) || Polish || Maciej Adamek || Poland || Casino || 15, 11 AM
|-
| 79 || ''If Only'' || ''Sana Dati'' (2013) || Filipino || [[Jerrold Tarog]] || Philippines || Casino || 16, 11 AM
|-
| 80 || ''The Girl and Death'' || ''[[Het Meisje en de Dood]]'' (2012) || Russian German French || [[Jos Stelling]] || Dutch || Casino || 17, 4:30 PM
|-
| 81 || — || ''Let Me Survive'' (2013) || English || Eduardo Rossoff || Belgium France || Inox 3 || 15, 4:30 PM
|-
| 82 || ''Arrest Me'' || ''[[Arrêtez-moi]]'' (2013) || French || [[Jean-Paul Lilienfeld]] || France || Robot Bala Abirami || 16, 6:45 PM
|-
| 83 || ''Blue Is the Warmest Colour'' || ''[[La Vie d'Adèle]]'' (2013) || French || [[Abdellatif Kechiche]] || France || Casino || 18, 7 PM
|-
| 84 || ''Jonathas' Forest'' || ''[[Jonathas' Forest|A Floresta de Jonathas]]'' (2012) || Portuguese || Sergio Andrade || Brazil || Robot Bala Abirami || 18, 4:15 PM
|-
| 85 || ''The Priest's Children'' || ''Svecenikova djeca'' (2013) || Croatian || [[Vinko Brešan]] || Croatia Serbia || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 19, 11 AM
|-
| 86 || ''Cold Bloom'' || ''Sakura namiki no mankai no shita ni'' (2012) || Japanese || [[Atsushi Funahashi]] || Japan || Inox 3 || 17, 2 PM
|-
| 87 || ''Tricked'' || ''[[Paul Verhoeven#Filmography|Steekspel]]'' (2012) || Dutch English || [[Paul Verhoeven]] || Netherlands || Robot Bala Abirami || 19, 10:45 AM
|-
| 88 || ''Fill the Void'' || ''[[Lemale et ha'halal]]'' (2012) || Hebrew || [[Rama Burshtein]] || Israel || Casino || 17, 2 PM
|-
| 89 || ''Waiting for the Sea'' || ''V ozhidanii morya'' (2012) || Russian || [[Bakhtyar Khudojnazarov]] || Russia Belgium France Kazakhstan Germany || Woodlands || 14, 7 PM
|-
| 90 || ''Trapped'' || ''[[Trapped (2013 film)|Darband]]'' (2013) || Persian || [[Parviz Shahbazi]] || Iran || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 13, 2 PM
|-
| 91 || — || ''Puppylove'' (2013) || French || Delphine Lehericey || Belgium Switzerland France Luxembourg || Woodlands || 15, 2 PM
|-
| 92 || ''Black Diamonds'' || ''Diamantes negros'' (2013) || Spanish || Miguel Alcantud || Spain Portugal || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 16, 2 PM
|-
| 93 || — || ''Errata'' (2012) || Spanish || Iván Vescovo || Argentina || Casino || 17, 7 PM
|-
| 94 || ''Inertia'' || ''[[Inercia]]'' (2013) || Spanish || Isabel Muñoz Cota Callejas || Mexico || Woodlands || 17, 11 AM
|-
| 95 || ''Club Sandwich'' || ''[[Club Sandwich (film)|Club Sándwich]]'' (2013) || Spanish || [[Fernando Eimbcke]] || Mexico || Robot Bala Abirami || 17, 10:45 AM
|-
| 96 || — || ''[[No (2012 film)|No]]'' (2012) || Spanish || [[Pablo Larraín]] || Chile USA France Mexico || Robot Bala Abirami || 16, 4:15 PM
|-
| 97 || ''The Last Floor'' || ''Ostatnie pietro'' (2013) || Polish || Tadeusz Król || Poland || Inox 2 || 14, 10:45 AM
|-
| 98 || ''Secrets of Love'' || ''Sekrety milosci'' (2013) || French Russian Polish || Krystian Matysek || Poland || Robot Bala Abirami || 14, 6:45 PM
|-
| 99 || ''Disciple'' || ''[[Lärjungen]]'' (2013) || Swedish || Ulrika Bengts || Finland || Woodlands || 12, 11 AM
|-
| 100 || — || ''[[Lincoln (2012 film)|Lincoln]]'' (2012) || English || [[Steven Spielberg]] || USA || Inox 2 || 13, 6:45 PM
|-
| 101 || ''In Bloom'' || ''[[Grzeli nateli dgeebi]]'' (2013) || Georgian || Nana Ekvtimishvili || Germany France Georgia || Casino || 18, 11 AM
|-
| 102 || — || ''[[Ilo Ilo]]'' (2013) || Mandarin English Tagalog || [[Anthony Chen]] || Singapore || Robot Bala Abirami || 18, 6:45 PM
|-
| 103 || ''Another House'' || ''L'autre maison'' (2013) || English French || Mathieu Roy || Canada || Casino || 15, 4:30 PM
|-
| 104 || ''The Great Beauty'' || ''[[La Grande Bellezza]]'' (2013) || Italian || [[Paolo Sorrentino]] || Italy France || Woodlands || 18, 7 PM
|-
| 105 || ''Feed Me with Your Words'' || ''Nahrani me z besedami'' (2012) || Slovenian Italian || Martin Turk || Slovenia || Robot Bala Abirami || 14, 10:45 AM
|-
| 106 || ''My Name Is Viola'' || (2013) || Armenian || Ruben Kochar || Armenia USA || Woodlands Symphony || 16, 6:45 PM
|-
| 107 || — || ''White Lie'' (2013) || English || Nyima Cartier || UK France || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 15, 2 PM
|-
| 108 || — || ''Omar'' (2013) || Hebrew || Hany Abu-Assad || Palestine || Woodlands || 18, 4:30 PM
|-
| 109 || ''Before Snowfall'' || ''Før snøen faller'' (2013) || Kurdish || [[Hisham Zaman]] || Norway Germany Iraq || Inox 3 || 16, 4:30 PM
|-
| 110 || — || ''[[Chambaili]]'' (2013) || Urdu || Ismail Jilani || Pakistan || Woodlands Symphony || 14, 6:45 PM
|}

=== Country Focus: Taiwan ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 111 || ''Blue Brave: The Legend of Formosa in 1895'' || ''[[1895 (2008 film)|1895]]'' (2008) || Mandarin Japanese Hakka || Chih-yu Hung || Rani Seethai Hall || 12, 11 AM
|-
| 112 || ''Orz Boyz'' || ''Jiong nan hai'' (2008) || Mandarin Min Nan || Ya Che Yang || Rani Seethai Hall || 19, 4:30 PM
|-
| 113 || ''10 plus 10'' || || || 20 directors || Inox 3 || 14, 11 AM
|-
| 114 || ''Night Market Hero'' || ''Ji pai ying xiong'' (2011) || Min Nan || Tien-Lun Yeh || Rani Seethai Hall || 17, 7 PM
|-
| 115 || — || ''Yang Yang'' (2009) || Mandarin French || Yu-Chieh Cheng || Rani Seethai Hall || 14, 7 PM
|}

=== Country Focus: Iran ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 116 || ''The Green Umbrella'' || ''Chatr-e Sabz'' (2013) || Persian || Nasser Refaie || Inox 2 || 19, 10:45 AM
|-
| 117 || ''Hush! Girls Don't Scream'' || ''Hiss... Dohktar-ha Faryad Nemi-Zanand'' (2013) || Persian || [[Pouran Derakhshandeh]] || Woodlands Symphony || 12, 1:45 PM
|-
| 118 || ''Berlin - 7'' || || Persian || Ramtin Lavafipour || Inox 2 || 18, 6;45 PM
|-
| 119 || — || ''Parviz'' (2012) || Persian || [[Majid Barzegar]] || Woodlands || 17, 4:30 PM
|-
| 120 || ''Reclamation'' || ''Esterdad'' (2013) || Persian || Ali Ghaffari || Woodlands Symphony || 15, 4:15 PM
|-
| 121 || ''Sunlight, Moonlight, Earth'' || ''Aftab, Mahtab, Zamin'' (2013) || Persian || Ali Ghavitan || Inox 2 || 17, 4:15 PM
|}

=== Contemporary Films: Turkey ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 122 || ''Thou Gild'st the Even'' || ''Sen Aydinlatirsin Geceyi'' (2013) || Turkish || Onur Ünlü || Turkey || Robot Bala Abirami || 18, 1:45 PM
|-
| 123 || ''The Circle Within'' || ''Icimdeki Cember'' (2013) || Turkish || Deniz Çinar || Turkey || Inox 2 || 18, 4:15 PM
|-
| 124 || ''Love Me'' || ''Sev Beni'' (2013) || English Russian Ukrainian Turkish || Maryna Gorbach Mehmet Bahadir Er || Turkey Ukraine || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 16, 4:30 PM
|-
| 125 || ''Jin'' || ''Jîn'' (2013) || Turkish Kurdish || [[Reha Erdem]] || Turkey || Casino || 16, 7 PM
|-
| 126 || ''Strangers in the House'' || ''Evdeki Yabancilar'' (2012) || Turkish || Dilek Keser, Ulas Gunes Kacargil || Turkey || Inox 3 || 13, 2 PM
|-
| 127 || ''Mold'' || ''Küf'' (2012) || Turkish || Ali Aydin || Turkey Germany || Woodlands || 14, 11 AM
|}

=== Eye on Films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! English Title
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 128 || ''House with a Turret'' || ''Dom s bashenkoy'' (2012) || Russian || Eva Neymann || Ukraine || Woodlands Symphony || 19, 1:45 PM
|-
| 129 || ''[[Snails in the Rain]]'' || ''Shablulim Ba'geshem'' (2013) || Hebrew || [[Yariv Mozer]] || Israel || Inox 2 || 18, 10:45 AM
|-
| 130 || ''Water'' || || || A film by 7 Directors || Israel, Palestine || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 18, 4:30 PM
|-
| 131 || ''Jo's Neighbourhood'' || ''Un p'tit gars de Ménilmontant'' (2013) || French || Alain Minier || France || Woodlands || 13, 2 PM
|-
| 132 || ''Arrows of the Thunder Dragon'' || (2014) || Dzongkha || Greg Sneddon || Bhutan Australia || Inox 2 || 17, 10:45 AM
|-
| 133 || — || ''Hide Your Smiling Faces'' (2013) || English || Daniel Patrick Carbone || USA || Robot Bala Abhirami || 15, 4:15 PM
|}

=== Indian Panorama ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! Original Title (Year)
! Language
! Director
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 134 || ''Ajanata Batas'' (2013) || Bengali || [[Anjan Das]] || Inox 3 || 16, 11 AM
|-
| 135 || ''[[Astu]]'' || Marathi || [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]] || Inox 2 || 15, 1:45 PM
|-
| 136 || ''[[Baga Beach (film)|Baga Beach]]'' (2013) || Konkani ||[[Laxmikant Shetgaonkar]]|| Woodlands Symphony || 15, 10:45 AM
|-
| 137 || ''[[Jal (film)|Jal]]'' (2011) || Hindi || Girish Malik || Robot Bala Abirami || 15, 6:45 PM
|-
| 138 || ''Ko:Yad'' || Mising || [[Manju Borah]] || Woodlands Symphony || 15, 1:45 PM
|-
| 139 || [[Sala Budha]] (2012) || Oriya || [[Sabyasachi Mohapatra]] || Robot Bala Abirami || 17, 1:45 PM
|-
| 140 || ''[[Ship of Theseus (film)|Ship of Theseus]]'' (2013) || English/Hindi || [[Anand Gandhi]] || Robot Bala Abirami || 17, 6:45 PM
|-
| 141 || ''Tapaal'' || Marathi || Laxman Utekar || Robot Bala Abirami || 16, 10:45 AM
|-
| 142 || ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' (2013) || Hindi || [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] || Swarna Sakthi Abirami || 16, 7 PM
|-
| 143 || ''[[Kanyaka Talkies]]'' (2014) || Malayalam || K. R. Manoj ||
|-
| 144 || ''Barefoot to Goa'' (2013) || Hindi || Praveen Morchhale || Inox 2 || 16, 10:45 AM
|-
| 145 || ''Munsif'' || Kannada || Umashankar Swamy || Woodlands Symphony || 14, 4:15 PM
|-
| 146 || ''Not a Fairy Tale'' ''[[Rupkatha Noy]]'' (2013) || Bengali || [[Atanu Ghosh]] || Inox 2 || 15, 10:45 AM
|-
| 147 || ''Sringhal'' || Assamese || Prabin Hazarika || Woodlands Symphony || 18, 4:15 PM
|-
| 148 || ''[[101 Chodyangal]]'' (2013) || Malayalam || [[Sidhartha Siva]] || Woodlands Symphony || 18, 6:45 PM
|-
| 149 || ''[[Lucia (film)|Lucia]]'' (2013) || Kannada || [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]] || Inox 2 || 16, 4:15 PM
|-
| 150 || ''[[Midhunam]]'' (2012) || Telugu || [[Tanikella Bharani]] || Woodlands Symphony || 14, 1:45 PM
|}

=== Tamil Competition ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! Original Title (Year)
! Director
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 151 || ''[[Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer]]'' (2013) || [[Suseenthiran]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 18, 4:30 PM
|-
| 152 || ''[[6 (film)|6 Melugu Vathigal]]'' (2013) || [[V. Z. Durai]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 17, 4:30 PM
|-
| 153 || ''[[Annakodi]]'' (2013) || [[Bharathiraja]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 14, 2 PM
|-
| 154 || ''[[Haridas (2013 film)|Haridas]]'' (2013) || G.N.R.Kumaravelan || Rani Seethai Hall || 13, 2 PM
|-
| 155 || ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' (2012) || [[Prabhu Solomon]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 15, 4:30 PM
|-
| 156 || ''[[Maryan (film)|Maryan]]'' (2013) || [[Bharat Bala]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 17, 2 PM
|-
| 157 || ''[[Moodar Koodam]]'' (2013) || Naveen || Rani Seethai Hall || 16, 7 PM
|-
| 158 || ''[[Moondru Per Moondru Kadal]]'' (2013) || [[Vasanth]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 13, 4:30 PM
|-
| 159 || ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' (2013) || [[Bala (director)|Bala]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 14, 4:30 PM
|-
| 160 || ''[[Ponmaalai Pozhudhu]]'' (2013) || AC Durai || Rani Seethai Hall || 18, 7 PM
|-
| 161 || ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' (2013) || Nalan Kumarasamy || Rani Seethai Hall || 16, 4:30 PM
|-
| 162 || ''[[Thanga Meenkal]]'' (2013) || [[Ram (director)|Ram]] || Rani Seethai Hall || 15, 2 PM
|}

=== Special Screening ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No
! Original Title
! Language
! Director
! Country
! Venue
! Date & Time
|-
| 163 || ''[[An American in Madras]]'' || English Tamil Hindi || Karan Bali || India || Rani Seethai Hall || 14, 11 AM
|-
| 164 || ''Kaadhal Mannan'' || Tamil || Ashok Kumar || India || Rani Seethai Hall || 15, 11 AM
|-
| 165 || ''He Swam Against the Colonial Current'' Documentary on K. Subrahmanyam || Tamil || Dr. S. Krishnaswamy || India || Rani Seethai Hall || 16, 11 AM
|}

== Awards ==
* Best Feature Film: ''[[Thanga Meenkal]]'' ({{INR}} 1 lakh each for producer and director)
* Second Best Feature Film: ''[[Haridas (2013 film)|Haridas]]'' ({{INR}} 1 lakh each for producer and director)
* Special Jury Award: [[Adharvaa]] for ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]''
* Amitabh Bachchan Youth Icon of the Year: [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
* Best Child Artistes: [[Sadhana Venkatesh|Sadhana]] for ''[[Thanga Meenkal]]'' and Prithiviraj Das for ''Haridas''
* Online Film Buff Award: Pavithran Sivam

== Sponsors ==
The event, jointly presented by ''[[The Hindu]]'' and ''Pudhuyugam'', was sponsored by the South India Shelters Pvt Ltd (SIS) with Foams India being the associate sponsor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=645123248877196&set=a.217927051596820.55785.128413240548202&type=1 |title=CIFF 11 Sponsors |medium=Facebook}}</ref> Other sponsors were Qube Cinema Network, Real Image Technologies (award sponsor), PVP Cinema, [[TVS Group|TVS]], [[Madras Talkies]], [[Indian Overseas Bank]], The Savera, Gamesa, Hot Breads, Tripadam Logistics, Casino Theatre, Woodlands Multiplex, [[PVR INOX|Inox]], Abirami Mega Mall, Nithra, IndiaGlitz, Rani Seethai Hall, Fingrid, Deco aro, Ticket New, [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Institut Français]], [[Goethe-Institut]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{ external media
| float = right
| width = 210px
| image1 = [http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/event-photos-pictures-stills/11th-chennai-international-film-festival/11th-chennai-international-film-festival-stills-photos-pictures-index.html Event gallery] }}
* {{Official website|https://chennaifilmfest.com/}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/list/f7P6mG4s9CA/ 11th Chennai International Film Festival] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131227163400/http://tamil.thehindu.com/system/topicRoot/Chennai_International_Film_Fest// Chennai International Film Festival] at [[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu]] (in Tamil)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai International Film Festival, 11th}}
[[Category:2013 film festivals]]
[[Category:2013 festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:2013 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Film festivals in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Chennai]]
[[Category:December 2013 in India]]
[[Category:Organised events in Chennai]]

Kalaburagi Division

2025-12-11T15:20:55Z

Associatedin21: expanded article and updated info

#REDIRECT [[Kalyana-Karnataka]]

Chaugain, Buxar

2025-12-07T14:20:05Z

Associatedin21: cleaned up details additionally and corrected details per sources

{{Short description|Village in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chaugain
| other_name = Chaugāin
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Chaugain block map.png
| map_caption = Map of Chaugain in Chaugain block
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Buxar, Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.48006|N|84.23285|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/1274517/chaugain.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Chaugāin''|accessdate=24 July 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Buxar district|Buxar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7.336
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 79
| population_total = 12611
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 =[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 802122<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chaugain''' is a village and corresponding [[community development block]] in [[Buxar district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]].

As of 2011, the population of Chaugain was 12,611, in 2,124 households, while the total population of Chaugain block was 48,743, in 7,929 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Buxar, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=19–20, 23–98, 302–317, 681–82, 730–746 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=24 July 2020}}</ref>

==Notable people==


*[[Amrendra Pratap Singh]]
*[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]]

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = [[2011 Census of India]]<ref name="Census 2011"/>

| 2001 | 42550
| 2011 | 48743
}}
Chaugain is a rural block, with no large urban centres. The [[sex ratio]] of the block was 948 as of 2011, with a ratio of 939 in the 0-6 age bracket at the time. Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 16.02% of the block population, and members of [[scheduled tribes]] made up 0.61%. The [[literacy rate]] of Chaugain block was 69.43%, including 80.89% among men and 57.27% among women.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Most workers in Chaugain worked in [[agriculture]] in 2011, with 29.69% being cultivators who owned or leased their own land and a further 55.02% being agricultural labourers who worked someone else's land for wages. 2.29% were household industry workers, and the remaining 13.01% were other workers.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Villages ==
There are 23 villages in Chaugain block, 20 of which are inhabited and 3 of which are uninhabited.<ref name="Census 2011"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| Nokhpura || 171.6 || 2,700
|-
| Reuntiya || 81.3 || 484
|-
| Birpur || 178.9 || 1,284
|-
| Belahri || 207 || 1,074
|-
| Chhotka Dih || 105.6 || 863
|-
| Nachap || 263 || 1,938
|-
| Puraina || 86 || 517
|-
| Parasiya || 122.2 || 0
|-
| Dangauli || 136 || 1,437
|-
| [[Ojhabarawan]] || 435.4 || 3,821
|-
| Samusar || 89 || 0
|-
| Phaphdar || 364 || 1,662
|-
| '''Chaugain''' (block headquarters) || 733.6 || 12,611
|-
| Masahariya || 497.8 || 2,679
|-
| Kherhi || 93.9 || 0
|-
| Bhadi || 111 || 349
|-
| Mangpa || 212 || 1,407
|-
| Thari || 254 || 2,343
|-
| Panrepur || 258 || 1,443
|-
| Baida || 55 || 995
|-
| [[Murar, Chaugain|Murar]] || 540 || 5,040
|-
| Khewali || 155 || 2,800
|-
| [[Amsari, Chaugain|Amsari]] || 312 || 3,296
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Buxar district]]

Raj Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram

2025-11-30T05:51:00Z

Associatedin21: added references

#REDIRECT [[Lok Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Central University of South Bihar

2025-11-12T07:10:42Z

Associatedin21: slightly expand citations to improve readability and corrected details

{{Short description|Central university in Gaya, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Central University of South Bihar
| image = Central_University_of_Bihar_Logo.png
| established = {{start date and age|2009|1|15}}
| type = [[Central university (India)|Central University]]
| motto = ज्ञान सेवा विमुक्तये
| mottoeng =
| vice_chancellor = [[Kameshwar Nath Singh|Dr. Kameshwar Nath Singh]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 23, 2021|title=President Ram Nath Kovind approves appointments of vice chancellors of 12 central universities: Ministry of education|work=[[The Times of India]] 13:29 IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-ram-nath-kovind-approves-appointments-of-vice-chancellors-of-12-central-universities-ministry-of-education/articleshow/84671693.cms|access-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref>
| head_label = [[Visitor]]
| head = [[President of India]]
| city = [[Gaya, India|Gaya]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| website = {{URL|cusb.ac.in}}
| chancellor = [[C. P. Thakur|Dr. C. P. Thakur]]
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with Grade ''A++''
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[AICTE]], [[Bar Council of India|BCI]], [[ICSSR]], [[National Council for Teacher Education|NCTE]]
}}
'''Central University of South Bihar''' ('''CUSB''') is one of the sixteen newly established [[Central Universities (India)|Central Universities]] by the [[Government of India]] under the Central Universities Act, 2009 (Section 25 of 2009).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cub.ac.in/assets/pdf/central-universities-act-2009.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002051729/http://www.cub.ac.in/assets/pdf/central-universities-act-2009.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-02 }}</ref> The university is located at [[Panchanpur, Gaya|Panchanpur]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Bihar]], [[Republic of India|India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/president-to-grace-cusb-convocation-on-oct-19-101696087795810.html|title=President to grace CUSB convocation on Oct 19|work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=30 September 2023 |access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref> On 27 February 2014, [[Lok Sabha]] Speaker [[Meira Kumar]] laid the foundation stone for the permanent campus in [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Cong-JD-U-clash-mars-CUB-foundation-laying-ceremony/articleshow/31125753.cms |title=Cong-JD (U) clash mars CUB foundation laying ceremony - The Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 February 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref> When completed, it will be spread in a 300-acre campus at Panchanpur. Currently further construction is ongoing. [[C. P. Thakur|Dr. C. P. Thakur]] is now the newly appointed [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] by [[President of India]] and Kameshwar Nath Singh is the vice chancellor. CUSB is [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] Accredited 'A++' grade university.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/central-university-of-south-bihar-becomes-first-university-in-state-to-get-a-ranking-from-national-assessment-panel-8656911|title=Central University of South Bihar becomes first university in state to get A++ ranking from NAAC|work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref>

==Organisation and administration==
===Governance===
The [[president of India]] is the visitor of the university.<ref>{{cite web|title=News Services Division, All India Radio|url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=President-Droupadi-Murmu-to-attend-convocation-ceremony-of-Central-University-of-South-Bihar-in-Gaya&id=469741|website=newsonair.gov.in|access-date=31 October 2023|language=en-gb}}</ref> The [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] is the ceremonial head of the university, while the executive powers rest with the [[vice-chancellor]]. The court, the executive council, the academic council, the board of studies and the finance committee are the administrative authorities of the university.

The University Court is the supreme authority of the university and has the power to review, the broad policies and programmes of the university and to suggest measures for the improvement and development of the university; the executive council is the highest executive body of the university. The academic council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the co-ordination and exercising general supervision over the academic policies of the university. It has the right to advise the executive council on all academic matters. The finance committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.<ref>{{Cite journal|access-date=20 March 2009|title=Central Universities Act, 2009|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2080}}</ref>

The current [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] is [[C. P. Thakur|Dr. C. P. Thakur]], former member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]. and Dr. [[Kameshwar Nath Singh]] is the current [[Vice-Chancellor (education)|vice-chancellor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome|url=http://cusb.ac.in/|website=cusb.ac.in|access-date=5 November 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref>

Convocation ceremony organized in Central University of South Bihar after seven years. President [[Draupadi Murmu]] will attend this program as the chief guest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2023 |title=Convocation organized in CUSB after 7 years, President Draupadi Murmu will be the chief guest |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/convocation-organized-in-cusb-after-7-years-president-draupadi-murmu-will-be-the-chief-guest-axs |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>

==Academics==
The university offers [[postgraduate]] and [[undergraduate]] programmes in various fields. Admission used to be through 'Central Universities Common Entrance Test' (CUCET), and in addition, in some cases, interview or group discussions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cub.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=180 |title=Central University of Bihar | Cub.ac.in - Central University of Bihar |publisher=Cub.ac.in |date=2013-04-23 |access-date=2014-05-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209144114/http://cub.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=180 |archive-date=2014-02-09 }}</ref> Now the university takes admissions through an all India common entrance test re-christened as [[Common University Entrance Test]] (CUET), conducted by the [[National Testing Agency]] (NTA), across cities in India at viable examination centres.

=== Schools ===
The university consists of the following schools:<ref name="Home - Central University of Bihar">{{cite web|url=http://www.cub.ac.in |title=Home - Central University of Bihar |publisher=Cub.ac.in |access-date=2014-05-29}}</ref>
# School of Earth, Biological and [[Natural environment|Environment]]al Sciences
#* Centre for [[Earth Sciences]](Department of [[Geology]])
#* Centre for [[Biological Sciences]]
#* Department of [[Geography]]
#* Centre for [[Environmental Sciences]]
# School of [[Human sciences|Human Sciences]]
#* Centre for [[Psychological sciences|Psychological Sciences]]
# School of [[Languages]] and [[Literature]]
#* Centre for Foreign Languages
#* Centre for Indian Languages
# School of [[Mathematics]], [[Statistics]] and [[Computer science|Computer Science]]
#* Department of [[Computer science|Computer Science]]
#* Department of [[Mathematics]]
#* Department of [[Statistics]]
# School of [[News Media|Media]], [[Art]] & [[Aesthetics]]
# School of [[Social sciences|Social Sciences]] and [[Policy]]
#* Centre for [[Development Studies]]
#* Centre for [[Economics|Economic Studies]] and [[Policies]]
#* Centre for [[History|Historical Studies]] and [[Archaeology]]
#* Centre for [[Political Studies]]
#** This centre offers a 2-year integrated [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] programme in [[political science]] and [[international relations]].
#**[[Ph.D.]] in political science and international relations
#* Centre for [[Sociology|Sociological Studies]]
# School of [[Education]]
#* Centre for [[Education]]
# School of [[Law]] and [[Governance]]
#* The school of law and governance offers three courses now:
#** 5-year integrated B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) programme
#** LL.M. one-year programme (as per UGC 2013 Regulation)
#** Ph.D. in law
9. Department of Pharmacy (School of Health Sciences)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://cusb.ac.in Central University of South Bihar Official Website]
* [https://www.cucetexam.in CUCET Official website]

{{IndianCentralUniv}}
{{Universities in Bihar}}
{{Portal bar|India|Education}}
{{authority control}}
{{coord|25.5974|85.0875|type:edu_region:IN-BR|display=title}}

[[Category:Central University of South Bihar| ]]
[[Category:Central universities in India]]
[[Category:Education in Gaya, India]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2009]]

Contiloe Pictures

2025-10-23T17:42:58Z

Associatedin21: Starting The Details W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian production company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Contiloe Pictures Private Limited
| logo = Logo of Contiloe Entertainment.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| parent =
| foundation = 1995; 27 years ago
| founders = [[Abhimanyu Singh (producer)|Abhimanyu Singh]] Aditya Narain Singh
| location_country = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| key_people = Abhimanyu Singh
| num_employees =
| industry = Entertainment
| products =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| homepage = [http://www.contiloe.in Official Website]
}}

'''Contiloe Pictures Pvt Ltd.''', formerly known as '''Contiloe Films''' from 1995 until 2008 and '''Contiloe Entertainment''' from 2008 until 2015 is an Indian [[production company]]. It was founded by [[Abhimanyu Singh (producer)|Abhimanyu Singh]] and Aditya Narain Singh in 1995.<ref name=Cont>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/producer/aditya_singh.htm|title=I don't believe half-baked shows are accepted by viewers": Aditya Singh Contiloe Films|date=23 October 2003|accessdate=4 April 2018}}</ref> It has produced successful shows like ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'', and ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesh]]''.

== Current productions==

==Productions==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Series !! Network
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| 2001-2004 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''<ref name="Cont" />
| |[[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2001 || ''Rahen Na Rahen Hum''<ref name="Cont" /> || Star Plus
|-
| 2002-2004 || ''[[Krisshna Arjun]]''<ref name="Cont" /> || Star Plus
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kashmeer (TV series)|Kashmeer]]''<ref name="Cont" /> || Star Plus
|-
| 2003-2004 || ''[[Vikraal Aur Gabraal]]'' || Star Plus
|-
| 2004-2007 || ''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]'' || [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004 || ''[[Majooba ka Ajooba]]'' || [[Hungama TV]]
|-
| ''[[Rooh]]'' || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| ''Aavishkaar - Ek Rakshak'' || [[Sahara One]]
|-
|2005 || ''[[He Man]]'' || StarOne
|-
|2005-2006 || ''[[Yeh Dil Chahe More]]'' || STAR One
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006 || ''Kuoni Hotspots''|| [[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]
|-
| ''MTV Ishq Deewane'' || [[MTV India|MTV]]
|-
| ''Gehre Pyaar Pe Laat'' || MTV
|-
| 2006-2009 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' || Star One
|-
| 2006-2007 || ''Rang Jama De'' || Zee TV
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007 || ''[[Agadam Bagdam Tigdam]]'' || [[Disney Channel (India)|Disney Channel]]
|-
| ''SAB Ka Bheja Fry'' || [[SAB TV]]
|-
| ''The Great Indian Love Challenge'' || [[NDTV Good Times]]
|-
| ''Fun on the Run'' || Zee TV
|-
| 2007-2008 || ''The Great Indian Love Challenge'' || [[NDTV Good Times]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008 || ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]]'' || SAB TV
|-
| ''Comedy Ka King Kaun'' || SAB TV
|-
| ''Say Shaava Shaava'' || [[NDTV Imagine]]
|-
| ''[[Aajaa Mahi Vay]]'' || Star Plus
|-
| 2008-2009 || ''[[Break Time Masti Time]]'' || Disney Channel
|-
| 2008-2010 || ''[[Cambala Investigation Agency|Cambala Investigation Agency - CIA]]'' || [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009 || ''Arre Deewano Mujhe Pehchano'' || Star Plus
|-
| ''Maharshtrache Nach Baliye'' || [[Star Pravah]]
|-
|2009-2010 || ''[[Maniben.com]]'' || SAB TV
|-
|2009-2011 || ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'' || Zee TV
|-
|2010-2011 || ''[[Bitto (TV series)|Bitto]]'' || Sahara One
|-
|2010-2015 || ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'' || Sony Entertainment Television
|-
| 2011-2012 || ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'' || Colors TV
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]]'' || SAB TV
|-
|2012 || ''Suno... Harr Dill Kuchh Kehtaa Hai'' || Sahara One
|-
| 2012-2014 || ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' || Zee TV
|-
|2013-2015 || ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' || Sony Entertainment Television
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Emotional Atyachar|Emotional Atyachar (season 4)]]'' || [[Bindass]]
|-
|2015 || ''[[Lage Raho Chachu]]''|| Disney Channel
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015–2016 || ''[[Satish Kaushik|The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' || SAB TV
|-
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'' || Colors
|-
| ''[[Agent Raghav – Crime Branch]]'' || [[&TV]]
|-
| 2015–2017 || ''[[Sankatmochan Mahabali Hanuman]]'' || rowspan="2" |Sony TV
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Adaalat (season 2)]]''
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/service-above-rule-life-oks-maharaja-ranjit-singh-starts-from-20-mar-170317|title=Service above rule: Life OK's Maharaja Ranjit Singh starts from 20 Mar|accessdate=17 March 2017}}</ref> || [[Life OK]]
|-
| 2017–2018 ||''Rudra Ke Rakshak'' || [[BIG Magic]]
|-
|2018 || ''[[21 Sarfarosh - Saragarhi 1897]] '' || [[Discovery Jeet]]
|-
|2018 || ''[[Kaun Hai?]]'' || rowspan="3" |[[Colors TV]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019 || ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Khoob Ladi Mardani Jhansi Ki Rani]]''
|-
| ''[[Kesari Nandan]]''
|-
|2017-2020
|[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|''Tenali Rama'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sony SAB]]
|-
|2020-2021
|''[[Kaatelal & Sons]]''
|-
|2017–2021
| ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]''
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Dharm Yoddha Garud]]''
|[[Sony SAB]]
|-
|''[[Yashomati Maiyaa Ke Nandlala]]''
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022–2024
| [[Swaraj (TV series)|''Swaraj'']]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=Doordarshan's new series Swaraj to narrate India’s untold stories and historical journey from 1498 to 1947 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/doordarshans-new-series-swaraj-to-narrate-indias-untold-stories-and-historical-journey-from-1498-to-1947-10770591.html |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-07-16 |title=Anurag Thakur launches promo of upcoming Doordarshan series 'Swaraj' |url=https://theprint.in/india/anurag-thakur-launches-promo-of-upcoming-doordarshan-series-swaraj/1041225/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cariappa |first=Anuj |date=2022-07-15 |title=New DD for a new India: Swaraj, a 75-episode series on Indian history to air soon, promo launched today |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/new-dd-for-a-new-india-swaraj-a-75-episode-series-on-indian-history-to-air-soon-promo-launched-today-3434308.html |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|[[DD National]]
|-
|''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
|rowspan="1"|[[Sony SAB]]
|-
|2025
|''Chakravati Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan''
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|}

==Movies==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Release date !! Director !! Cast !! Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''Maruti Mera Dost'' || 5 June 2009 || Manikya Raju || [[Vindu Dara Singh]], [[Chandrachur Singh]], [[Sushmita Mukherjee]], [[Murali Sharma]] ||
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Darr @ the Mall]]''
| 21 February 2014
| Pavan Kirpalani
| [[Jimmy Shergill]] and [[Nushrat Bharucha]]
| Co-produced with [[Multi Screen Media|Multi Screen Media Motion Pictures]]
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Mahayoddha Rama]]'' || 4 November 2016 || Rohit Vaid || [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Jimmy Shergill]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Mouni Roy]] || [[List of indian animated feature films|Animated film]] [[National Film Award for Best Animated Film]]<ref name="64thawardsPDF">{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=7 April 2017|format=PDF}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || [[State of Siege: Temple Attack]] || 9 July 2021 || [[Ken Ghosh]] || [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Gautam Rode]], [[Vivek Dahiya (actor)|Vivek Dahiya]], [[Parvin Dabas]], [[Samir Soni]], [[Abhimanyu Singh]] || released on [[ZEE5]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.contiloe.in Official Website]

[[Category:Television production companies of India]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Rohini Mohan

2025-10-23T07:28:02Z

Associatedin21: stub!

{{notability|Biographies|date=May 2015}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Dr. Rohini Mohan
| image =
| caption = Dr. Rohini Mohan sugama sangeetha singer
| image_size = 160px
| instrument = Vocalist
| genre = [[sugama sangeetha, Folk]] and [[Film hits]]
| occupation = Musician
| years_active = 1979 till date
| label =
| associated_acts =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|10|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Mysuru]]
}}
'''Dr. Rohini Mohan''' ({{langx |kn| ರೋಹಿಣಿ ಮೋಹನ್}}) is a [[Sugama Sangeetha|''sugama sangeetha'']] singer from [[Karnataka]]. She is known for her ''bhava-''filled renditions.<ref name=Rohini1>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/the-song-of-emotion/article1435615.ece Article in The Hindu] The Hindu - English Daily official website. Dated September 12, 2008.</ref> Rashtrakavi [[Kuvempu]] was so impressed by her singing that he asked her to record his compositions without orchestra. She is known for her lectures and writings on various aspects of ''sugama sangeetha''.

==Early life==
She was born on October 15, 1961, to M.S. Nagaraj (retired magistrate) and Anasuya Nagara in [[Mysore]]. Mohan began to sing as a child and participated in ''Makkala Karyakrama'' (children's programme) for [[All India Radio]] at age six. She was successful in interschool and inter-college competition and won best graduating student award most of the years. She studied [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] music under Smt. Lakshmi and sugama sangeetha under Smt. H. R. Leelavathy for over 12 years.<ref name="Rohin">[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/its-not-an-easy-song/article3502641.ece Singing with Guru] The Hindu - English Daily official website. Dated June 8, 2012.</ref> She studied [[Hindustani classical music]] under Smt. Kushala Jagannath. She is an A-grade artist of AIR.

She graduated from [[Mysore Medical College & Research Institute|Mysore Medical College]]. Mohan married businessman Sri. M. S. Ram Mohan. Her daughter Ms. Surabhi Mohan is an engineer and singer and her son Mr. Sourabha Ram Mohan, is a C.A.

==Performance==

She performed under important banners in Karnataka. She has performed in Bombay, Delhi and Coimbatore.

During 1979-80 she was sponsored by the Department of Information and broadcasting. She has given programs across Karnataka educating people on family planning. She is an A-grade artist of AIR.

=== International ===
She has performed in:
*Vishwakannada sammelana held in Manchester, UK - 1988
*AKKA sammelana, Baltimore - 2006
*Kaveri Kannada sangha, Tanzania - 2013
* Kannada sangha in Singapore - 2014
* Samskruthi Indo-Japan cultural exchange, Tokyo - 2015.<ref name="Rohini">[http://kannada.oneindia.com/nri/article/new-year-celebration-japan-kannadigas-samskruti-093364.html Tokyo program] Thatskannada- Thatskannada web portal in Kannada language. Dated April 24, 2015.</ref>

==Recognition==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=May 2015}}
*Karnataka kalashree
*Aryabhata prashasti
*Nadaprabhu Kempegowda prashasti

==Other activities==
She was a member of Sangeetha Nrithya Academy from 2001 - 2004. She was the founder and director of Bhavana Sugama sangeetha academy. She was a co-trustee of Indu-Rohini Sugama sangeetha trust.

===Literary contribution===
{{BLP unsourced section|date=May 2015}}
She conducted workshop, seminars, and lectures on various aspects of ''sugama sangeetha.'' She wrote articles on artists in the field. She sang for Shivaram Karanth's musical drama ''Kissa goutami'', ''Geeta Ramayana'', ''Veera viragini Akka mahadevi'' and ''Prema kashmira''. She composed music for her CD ''Sahane vajrada kavacha.'' Her albums include ''Kanasu'', ''Beldingalu'' (compilation of Rashtrakavi Kuvempu's songs) ''Jeevana-kale'', ''Milana'', ''Bhava sourabha'' and ''Bhava-Bhakti.''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Rohini}}

{{morecat|date=January 2022}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Singers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]

1518 in India

2025-09-15T10:49:00Z

Associatedin21: formatting fix

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{year in India|1518}}
Events from the year '''1518 in India'''.

==Events==
* [[Lopo Soares de Albergaria]] ceases his [[List of colonial heads of Portuguese India|governorship]] of [[Portuguese India]] (commenced [[1515 in India|1515]])
* [[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]] becomes governor of Portuguese India (and continues until [[1522 in India|1522]])

==Births==
* [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali]], later ruler of Golkonda was born (died in [[1580 in India|1580]])

==Deaths==
* [[Kabir]], a mystic poet dies (born in [[1440 in India|1440]]) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Kabir-Indian-mystic-and-poet |title=Kabir (Indian mystic and poet) — Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1518}}

[[Category:1518 in India| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in India]]
[[Category:1518 in Asia]]
[[Category:1510s in India]]
[[Category:1518 by country]]

{{India-year-stub}}

Kalyanam Raghuramaiah

2025-09-05T09:55:21Z

Associatedin21:

{{Short description|Indian actor (1901–1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalyanam Raghuramaiah
| image = Kalyanam Raghuramaiah.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Kalyanam Venkata Subbaiah
| birth_date = 5 March 1901
| birth_place = Suddapalli village, [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|24|1901|3|5}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], India
| occupation = Actor Thespian
| spouse = Savitri
| children = Thota Satyavathi (daughter)
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] 1973 [[Padma Shri]] 1975
}}

'''Kalyanam Raghuramaiah''' (5 March 1901 – 24 February 1975), popularly known as '''Eelapata Raghuramaiah''', was an Indian actor, and thespian known for his works in [[Telugu cinema]], and [[Telugu theatre]]. A recipient of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], and the [[Padmashri]], He was known for the roles of [[Krishna]] or Dushyantha, Bhavanisankar, Narada etc. He performed those roles for about 60 years. He indulged in elaborate raga alapana, based on different [[raga]]s while rendering padyams.<ref name="eenadu1">Article in Eenadu {{cite web |url=http://beta.eenadu.net/Cinema/Cinemainner.aspx?qry=gnapaka |title=Eenadu - the Heart and Soul of AndhraPradesh |access-date=2011-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011175247/http://beta.eenadu.net/Cinema/Cinemainner.aspx?qry=gnapaka |archive-date=11 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/he-was-ahead-of-his-times/article4700920.ece |title=He was ahead of his times - Tirupati |work=The Hindu |date=10 May 2013 |access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref><ref name="blogspot1">{{cite web|url=http://pranaism.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_58.html |title=pranaism: తెలుగు నాటకరంగ ప్రముఖుల ఫోటోలు (సశేషం) |publisher=Pranaism.blogspot.in |access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref>

One of the finest method actors, he had the ability to sing padyams and songs through whistle, by putting his finger in mouth and producing the [[whistle]] or flute sound (meaning Eela in Telugu). He has acted in various dramas and gave more than 20,000 stage performances.<ref>20th Century Telugu Luminaries, Potti Sriramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 2005</ref> He was called the "Nightingale of the Stage" by [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="eenadu1"/>

==Early life==
Kalyanam Raghuramaiah was born in a [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] family<ref name=":5">M. L. Kantha Rao (July 1999), [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25437/ ''A Study of the Socio-Political Mobility of the Kapu Caste in Modern Andhra'']. [[University of Hyderabad]]. Chapter 6. p. 274. hdl:10603/25437</ref> in Suddapalli village of [[Guntur district]] and named as Venkata Subbaiah. He was popular during childhood days in playing Raghurama, hence named as Raghuramaiah by [[Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao]].<ref name="thehindu1"/><ref name="blogspot1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugucineblitz.blogspot.in/2010/09/daksha-yagnam-1962.html?view=snapshot |title=Telugu Cinema Prapamcham: Daksha Yagnam (1962) |publisher=Telugucineblitz.blogspot.in |access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref>

==Early career==
He entered [[Telugu cinema]] in 1933 in the film ''[[Prudhvi Putra]]''. It is the fifth talkie film in Telugu cinema industry.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} This is the 1st Telugu movie produced by Telugu person viz. Pothina Srinivasa Rao.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} He acted as Krishna in many films including ''[[Sri Krishna Rayabaram]]'' (1960) and in the film ''Chintamani''.<ref name="thehindu1"/><ref name="blogspot1"/><ref name="indiontv1">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiontv.com/star-biography.php?title=kalyanam-raghuramaiah |title=Kalyanam Raghuramaiah |publisher=IndionTV |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=2016-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820194029/http://www.indiontv.com/star-biography.php?title=kalyanam-raghuramaiah |archive-date=20 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married Savitri, second daughter of Rohini Venkata Subbaiah and Sitamma in 1938 at Bapatla. She inaugurated the statue of her husband Raghuramaiah at Chebrolu, Guntur district on 5 March 2013. At the age of 92 years i.e. on 8 December 2014 she died due to old age at Vijayawada. They have only one daughter viz. Thota Satyavathi, Son-in-law Thota Parvateeswara Rao.<ref name="thehindu1"/><ref name="blogspot1"/><ref name="indiontv1"/>

Their grand children are Dr. T.V.S. Gopal, Chintala Ratna, and Gangisetty Raja. His brother-in-law Rohini Venkaiah, Commercial Tax Officer (Retd.) and his wife Dr. Rohini Venkata Sundara Varada Rajeswari, Famous Devotional Writer of several books and Member Sree Hampi Virupaksha Vidyaranya Maha Samsthanam and their son Rohini Mahesh, Devotional Writer of several articles and Member Sree Hampi Virupaksha Vidyaranya Maha Samsthanam date of birth and his son Rohini Harish date of birth and Raghramaiah's date of death is same i.e. 24 February. He toured Malaysia, Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore with a drama troupe in 1972.<ref name="thehindu1"/><ref name="blogspot1"/><ref name="indiontv1"/>

==Death and popularity==
He died of a heart attack in 1975 at the age of 75 years. He was called the "Nightingale of the Stage" by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. A well sheltered bronze statue of him was installed in his honor at Suddapalli village, his birthplace, on 14 February 2014 by his Eldest brother's son Sri. Kalyanam Narasimha Rao, Retd. Senior Manager, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Hyderabad and the statue was inaugurated by Sri. Mandali Budda Prasad, Chairman Official Languages, Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="eenadu1"/><ref name="thehindu1"/><ref name="indiontv1"/>

==Filmography==
{{Div col start}}
* ''[[Prudhvi Putra]]'' (1933)
* ''Bhakta Kuchela'' (1935)
* ''Lanka Dahanam'' (1936)
* ''Rukmini Kalyanam'' (1937)
* ''Pasupathastram'' (1939)
* ''[[Apavadu]]'' (1941)
* ''Talliprema'' (1941)
* ''[[Gollabhama (1947 film)|Gollabhama]]'' (1947)
* ''Madalasa'' (1948)
* ''Maya Rambha'' (1950)
* ''Mayapilla'' (1951)
* ''Prapancham'' (1953)
* ''Sati Sakkubai'' (1954) as [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]
* ''Sri Krishna Tulabharam'' (1955/I) as [[Krishna|Sri Krishna]]
* ''[[Chintamani (1956 film)|Chintamani]]'' (1956)
* ''Sri Krishna Maya'' (1958)
* ''[[Sri Krishna Rayabaram]]'' (1960)
* ''Nagarjuna'' (1961/I)
* ''[[Usha Parinayam]]'' (1961) as [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]
* ''[[Dakshayagnam (1962 film)|Dakshayagnam]]'' (1962/I) as [[Narada]]
* ''Valmiki'' (1963/I)
* ''[[Somavara Vrata Mahatyam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somavara Vratha Mahathyam (1963) |url=https://indiancine.ma/KXL |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1963) as [[Narada]]
* ''[[Mohini Bhasmasura 1966 Telugu Film|Mohini Bhasmasura]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohini Bhasmasura 1966 Telugu Movie Cast Crew,Actors,Director, Mohini Bhasmasura Producer,Banner,Music Director,Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/mohini-bhasmasura-5475/cast-crew |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref> (1966) as [[Indra]]
* ''[[Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna]]'' (1967)
{{Div col end}}

==Awards==
;National Honors
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1973

;Civilian Honors
*He was awarded [[Padmashri]] by Government of India in 1975.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghuramaiah, Kalyanam}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Actors from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu theatre]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]

Pheiroijam Parijat Singh

2025-08-16T14:27:44Z

Associatedin21:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
'''Pheiroijam Parijat Singh''' (7 June 1943 – 6 March 2015) was an Indian politician from [[Manipur]], belonging to the [[Communist Party of India]]. He was a National Council member of CPI.<ref>[http://imphaleast.nic.in/mla.htm Pheiroijam Parijat Singh]</ref> He had joined CPI in 1964.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014070444/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp The Telegraph - Calcutta : Northeast]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/2015/03/former-minister-cpi-leader-dies/ |title=Former minister, CPI leader dies | Eastern Mirror Nagaland |accessdate=2015-04-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193310/http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/2015/03/former-minister-cpi-leader-dies/ |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

He was the Health Minister in the state government.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525205521/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080122/jsp/northeast/story_8809007.jsp The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) | Northeast | Manipur drive to improve healthcare]</ref> In 2007 he was elected to the [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] of Manipur, as the CPI candidate in the [[Lamlai Assembly constituency|Lamlai]] constituency.<ref>[[Election Commission of India]]: [http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_MANIPUR_after_IC.pdf Statistical Report, 2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He had been Food and Civil Supplies Minister after the 2002 election.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090213190657/http://hindu.com/2007/02/11/stories/2007021104791000.htm The Hindu : National : Repoll in 11 stations on Monday]</ref> He had been elected from the same Assembly seat in the 2002, 1990 and 1980 elections, finishing second in the 2000, 1995 and 1984 elections.<ref>[http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2002/pollupd/ac/states/S14/Partycomp08.htm State Elections 2002 - Partywise Comparison for 8-Lamlai Constituency of Manipur]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pheiroijam Parijat}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Government of Manipur]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2007–2012]]

{{CPIndia-politician-stub}}

1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election

2025-08-08T05:24:22Z

Associatedin21: corrected layout to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly election in Punjab, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = No
| turnout = 67.53% ({{increase}} 2.17%)
| registered = {{formatnum:10728825}}
| previous_election = 1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1980
| next_election = 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1992
| election_date = 26 September 1985
| seats_for_election = All 117 seats in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 59
| party1 = Shiromani Akali Dal
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari with the Governor of Tamil Nadu, Shri Surjit Singh Barnala and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi (cropped) (Surjit Singh Barnala).png|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=06}}
| leader1 = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]] ''(won)''
| seats1 = 73
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 36
| popular_vote1 = 2,630,270
| percentage1 = 38.01%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 11.1%
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Gurbinder_Kaur_Brar.gif|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=06}}
| leader2 = [[Gurbinder Kaur Brar]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Muktsar Assembly constituency|Muktsar]] ''(won)''
| seats2 = 32
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 31
| popular_vote2 = 2,620,042
| percentage2 = 37.86%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 7.4%
| title = [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|CM]]
| before_election = [[President's rule]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
| after_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
Election where held in Punjab on 26 September 1985, to elect the members of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tempest |first1=Rone |title=Sikh Party Wins Punjab Election : Will Rule Troubled State; Gandhi Slate Defeated |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-09-27-mn-18102-story.html |access-date=27 Dec 2023 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> The signing of the [[Rajiv–Longowal Accord]] between Indian Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and the Akali leader, [[Harchand Singh Longowal]], on 24 July 1985 paved the way to holding this elections.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Narain |first1=Iqbal |title=India in 1985: Triumph of Democracy|journal=Asian Survey |date=1986 |volume=26, no. 2|pages=253–69 |doi=10.2307/2644461}}</ref> The election were hald alongside the election to the [[Lok Sabha]], Which were not held in [[1984 Indian general election|1984]].

== Voter statistics ==
Electors
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Men
!Women
!Total
|-
!No. of electors
|5879025
|4849800
|10728825
|-
!No. of electors who voted
|4009724
|3235557
|7245281
|-
!Polling Percentage
|68.20%
|66.72%
|67.53%
|}

'''No. of valid votes''' 6920818

'''No. of voted rejected''' 324463

'''No. of polling stations''' 12698

=== Performance of women and men candidates ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
|Men
|WomenEN
|TotalAL
|-
!No. of contestants
|824
|33
|857
|-
!Elected
|113
|4
|117
|-
!Forfeited deposits
|582
|13
|595
|}

== Constituencies Data ==

=== No. of constituencies ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!'''Type of Constituency'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Punjab 1985|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3450-punjab-1985/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
!Gen.
!SC
!St
!Total
|-
!'''No. of constituencies'''
|88
|29
|0
|117
|}

== Results ==

=== Result by Party ===

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=10|[[File:India Punjab Legislative Assembly 1985.svg]]
|-
!colspan=7|Result of Punjab Legislative Assembly election 1985 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html|title=List of Polling Booth for Punjab Lok Sabha Elections 1985}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!contested
!Seats won
!change in seats
!popular vote
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|100
|73
|{{increase}} 23
|26,30,270
|38.01
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|117
|32
|{{decrease}} 31
|26,20,042
|37.86
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|26
|6
|{{increase}} 5
|3,45,560
|4.99
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|38
|1
|{{decrease}} 8
|3,07,496
|4.44
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[Janata Party]]
|5
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|75,307
|1.09
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|542
|4
|{{increase}} 2
|8,09,254
|11.69
|-
|
|Others
|29
|0
| -
|1,32,889
|1.92
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!857
!117
!
!69,20,818
!
|}

== Results by Region ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Region
!Seats
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |'''SAD'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |'''INC'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" |'''BJP'''
|bgcolor=#FF0000|'''CPI'''
| style="background:gray;{{party color|other}} " |Others
|-
!Malwa
|65
|48
|12
|2
|1
|2 (Ind.)
|-
!Majha
|27
|14
|10
|2
|0
|1(JNP)
|-
!Doaba
|25
|11
|10
|2
|0
|2 (Ind.)
|-
!Sum
!117
!73
!32
!6
!1
!5
|-
|}

== Results By Constituency ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Constituency
!colspan=2|Party
!Winner
|-
|1
|Fatehgarh
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Nirmal Singh
|-
|2
|Batala
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ashwani
|-
|3
|Qadian
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kulwant Singh
|-
|4
|Sri Hargobindpur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Natha Singh
|-
|5
|Kahnuwan
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Johar Singh
|-
|6
|Dhariwal
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sucha Singh Chottepur
|-
|7
|Gurdaspur
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Susheel
|-
|8
|Dina Nagar (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jai Muni
|-
|9
|Narot Mehra (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ram Lal
|-
|10
|Pathankot
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mohan Lal
|-
|11
|Sujanpur
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raghu Nath Sahai
|-
|12
|Beas
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sant Singh
|-
|13
|Majitha
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Surinder Pal Singh
|-
|14
|Verka
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dalbir Singh
|-
|15
|Jandiala (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Ranjit Singh
|-
|16
|Amritsar North
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Brij Bhushan Mehra
|-
|17
|Amritsar West
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sewa Ram
|-
|18
|Amritsar Central
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Darbari Lal
|-
|19
|Amritsar South
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|Kirpal Singh S/O Uttam Singh
|-
|20
|Ajnala
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Rattan Singh
|-
|21
|Raja Sansi
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Shashpal Singh
|-
|22
|Attari (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Tara Singh
|-
|23
|Tarn Taran
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Prem Singh Lalpura
|-
|24
|Khadoor Sahib (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Tara Singh
|-
|25
|Naushahra Panwan
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Harbhajan Singh
|-
|26
|Patti
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Niranjan Singh
|-
|27
|Valtoha
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Major Singh
|-
|28
|Adampur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Surjit Singh
|-
|29
|Jullundur Cantonment
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Indira
|-
|30
|Jullundur North
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vaid Om Prakash Dutt
|-
|31
|Jullundur Central
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Manmohan Kalia
|-
|32
|Jullundur South (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohinder Singh Kaypee
|-
|33
|Kartarpur (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jagjit Singh
|-
|34
|Lohian
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Balwant Singh
|-
|35
|Nakodar
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kuleep Singh Wadala
|-
|36
|Nur Mahal
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Surinder Paul Singh
|-
|37
|Banga (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Balwant Singh
|-
|38
|Nawanshahr
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dilbagh Singh
|-
|39
|Phillaur (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sarwan Singh
|-
|40
|Bholath
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sukhjinder Singh
|-
|41
|Kapurthala
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kripal Singh
|-
|42
|Sultanpur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Bachan Singh
|-
|43
|Phagwara (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Joginder Singh Mann
|-
|44
|Balachaur
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Ram Kishan
|-
|45
|Garhshankar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sarwan Ram
|-
|46
|Mahilpur (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Jagdish Kaur
|-
|47
|Hoshiarpur
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohan Lal
|-
|48
|Sham Chaurasi (SC)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Hari Mittar
|-
|49
|Tanda
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Uplar Singh
|-
|50
|Garhdiwala (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Prakash Singh
|-
|51
|Dasuya
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Romesh Chander
|-
|52
|Mukerian
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kewal Krishan
|-
|53
|Jagraon
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Gurdip Singh
|-
|54
|Raikot
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Talib Singh
|-
|55
|Dakha (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Basant Singh
|-
|56
|Qila Raipur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Arjan Singh
|-
|57
|Ludhiana North
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Satpal Prashar
|-
|58
|Ludhiana West
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Harnam Dass Johar
|-
|59
|Ludhiana East
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Om Parkash Gupta
|-
|60
|Ludhiana Rural
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Jagdev Singh Tajpuri
|-
|61
|Payal
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Davinder Singh
|-
|62
|Kum Kalan (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Rajinder Singh
|-
|63
|Samrala
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Amarjit Singh
|-
|64
|Khanna (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sukhdev Singh
|-
|65
|Nangal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ram Prakash Bali
|-
|66
|Anandpur Sahib Ropar
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Tara Singh
|-
|67
|Chamkaur Sahib (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhag Singh
|-
|68
|Morinda
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Ravinder Singh
|-
|69
|Kharar
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Bachittar Singh
|-
|70
|Banur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kanwaljit Singh
|-
|71
|Rajpura
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Prem Chand
|-
|72
|Ghanaur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Jasdev Singh Sandhu
|-
|73
|Dakala
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Prem Singh Chandumajra
|-
|74
|Shutrana (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Satwant Singh Mohi
|-
|75
|Samana
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Hardial Singh Rajla
|-
|76
|Patiala Town
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Brahm Mohinder
|-
|77
|Nabha
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Narinder Singh
|-
|78
|Amloh (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Dalip Singh Pandhi
|-
|79
|Sirhind
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kirpal Singh
|-
|80
|Dhuri
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Surinder Singh
|-
|81
|Malerkotla
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Nusrat Ali Khan
|-
|82
|Sherpur (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Gobind Singh
|-
|83
|Barnala
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Surjit Singh Barnala
|-
|84
|Bhadaur (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kundan Singh
|-
|85
|Dhanaula
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Gobind Singh Longowal
|-
|86
|Sangrur
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Ranjit Singh
|-
|87
|Dirbha
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Baldev Singh
|-
|88
|Sunam
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sukhdev Singh
|-
|89
|Lehra
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Inderjit Singh
|-
|90
|Balluana (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Hansraj Arya
|-
|91
|Abohar
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Arjan Singh
|-
|92
|Fazilka
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Radha Krishan
|-
|93
|Jalalabad
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|Mehtab Singh
|-
|94
|Guru Har Sahai
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Sajwar Singh
|-
|95
|Firozepur
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bal Mukand
|-
|96
|Firozepur Cantonment
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Mohinder Singh
|-
|97
|Zira
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Hari Singh
|-
|98
|Dharamkot (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gurdev Singh Gill
|-
|99
|Moga
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gurcharan Singh
|-
|100
|Bagha Purana
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Malkiat Singh Sidhu
|-
|101
|Nihal Singh Wala (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Zora Singh
|-
|102
|Panjgrain (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Gurdev Singh
|-
|103
|Kotkapura
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Mohinder Singh Brar
|-
|104
|Faridkot
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Karnail Singh Doad
|-
|105
|Muktsar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gurbinder Kaur
|-
|106
|Giddarbaha
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Parkash Singh
|-
|107
|Malout (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shiv Chand
|-
|108
|Lambi
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Hardipinder Singh
|-
|109
|Talwandi Sabo
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Amrinder Singh
|-
|110
|Pakka Kalan (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sujan Singh
|-
|111
|Bhatinda
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Kasturi Lal
|-
|112
|Nathana (SC)
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Jasmel Singh
|-
|113
|Rampura Phul
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Sukhdev Singh
|-
|114
|Joga
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Baldev Singh Khiala
|-
|115
|Mansa
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Jaswant Singh
|-
|116
|Budhlada
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Purshotam Singh
|-
|117
|Sardulgarh
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Balwinder Singh
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Elections in Punjab, India]]
* [[Ninth Punjab Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1980s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1985 State Assembly elections in India|Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1985–1990| ]]

Ram Narayan Chakravarti

2025-07-31T16:32:56Z

Associatedin21: added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ram Narayan Chakravarti
| birth_date = 1916
| birth_place = [[Bengal Presidency]], India
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|2007|05|31}}
| occupation = Phytochemist Organic chemist
| known for = Medicinal chemistry
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}
'''Ram Narayan Chakravarti''' (1916–2007) was an Indian [[phytochemist]], scientist and the Director of the erstwhile Indian Institute of Experimental Medicine (present-day [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]), known for his contributions to the science of medicinal chemistry.<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N560139 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813005310/http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N560139 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 August 2016 | title=Deceased Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016}}</ref> Born in 1916, he secured a DSc from [[Kolkata University]] and worked as a Professor and the deputy director of the [[Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine]] before becoming the director of the Indian Institute of Experimental Medicine. His researches were reported to have assisted studies of medicinal plants and have been documented by way of several articles published by him.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YV9yXTDkue4C&pg=PA135|date=20 November 1986|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-086553-9|pages=135–}}</ref><ref name="Alkaloids of Glycosmis arborea—III : Structure of arborinine">{{cite journal | title=Alkaloids of Glycosmis arborea—III : Structure of arborinine |author1=S.K. Banerjee |author2=D. Chakravarti |author3=R.N. Chakravarti |author4=H.M. Fales |author5=D. L. Klayman | journal=Tetrahedron | year=1961 | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=251–254 | doi=10.1016/0040-4020(61)80075-6}}</ref><ref name="Chazov2013">{{cite book|author=Eugene I. Chazov|title=Advances in Myocardiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3D3rBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|date=29 June 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4757-4441-5|pages=215–}}</ref> He was a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] and an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1972, for his contributions to science.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> He died on 31 May 2007, at the age of 91. The [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research|Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] (PGIMER) has instituted an annual oration, ''Professor R.N. Chakravarti Memorial Oration Lecture'', in honour of Chakravarti.<ref name="PGIMER News and Events">{{cite web | url=http://pgimer.edu.in/PGIMER_PORTAL/PGIMERPORTAL/GlobalPages/JSP/seerecone.jsp?id=ne201&tableid=2 | title=PGIMER News and Events | publisher=PGIMER | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakravarti, Ram Narayan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]

{{Biochemist-stub}}
{{India-scientist-stub}}