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Sir M. Visveshwaraya station, Central College metro station

2026-05-31T09:33:03Z

Aspireitacademy: Stub

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Purple Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Sir M. Visvesvaraya Stn., Central College
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Purple}}
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Sir M Visvesvaraya Stn., Central College metro station.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Entrance View
| address = Post Office Rd, Ambedkar Veedhi, Sampangi Rama Nagar, Bengaluru, [[Karnataka]] 560009
| coordinates = {{coord|12.974104|77.584017|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground
| platform = [[Island platform]] 
Platform-1 → [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] Platform-2 → [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]]
| depth = 60 feet
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2016|April|30|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Staffed
| code = VSWA
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| architect = CEC - Soma - CICI [[Joint venture|JV]]
| architectural_style =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Purple |left=Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha|to-left=Whitefield (Kadugodi)|right=Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic |to-right=Challaghatta}}
| route_map = {{BMR Purple Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Purple}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Sir M. Visvesvaraya Stn., Central College''' is an underground metro station on the East-West corridor of the [[Purple Line (Namma Metro)|Purple Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. This metro station was opened to the public on 30 April 2016.

The station acquires its name from the nearby [[University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering]] (UVCE), which had been named after [[M. Visvesvaraya]], an Indian engineer, scholar, statesman and the [[Diwan of Mysore]] from 1912 to 1918.<ref>{{cite web|title=A First-hand Account of Namma Metro's Underground Ride|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/A-First-hand-Account-of-Namma-Metros-Underground-Ride/2016/04/29/article3405994.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430110241/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/A-First-hand-Account-of-Namma-Metros-Underground-Ride/2016/04/29/article3405994.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express|accessdate=29 April 2016}}</ref>

The station provides connectivity to the City Civil Court Complex, the Cauvery Bhavan bus stop, and various departments of Bengaluru City University in addition to UVCE.

==History==
The Sir M. Visvesvaraya metro station, like all other underground stations on the Purple Line, was built using the [[cut-and-cover]] method.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conducted 10,000 blasts to cut hard rocks: BMRCL|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/542956/conducted-10000-blasts-cut-hard.html|website=Deccan Herald|accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref> The station is located at a depth of 60 feet. Authorities carried out 1,200 controlled blasts to dig through the tough rock structure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blasting was done 1,200 times to build Central College Metro station|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/blasting-was-done-1200-times-to-build-central-college-metro-station/articleshow/56490352.cms|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2017 |accessdate=13 January 2017}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Sir M. Visveshwaraya Stn., Central College track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Purple}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = HSTg\HSTf
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{BSsplit|[[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha metro station|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station]],|[[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha metro station|Vidhana Soudha]]}}
*'''P1'''\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)\*'''P2'''
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{BSsplit|[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda]]|[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Station, Majestic]]}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}
HSTg\HSTf
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and one Island platform</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''M'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Mezzanine
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Whitefield (Kadugodi)}} '''Next station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] | Doors will open on the right {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}} '''Next station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic}} '''''Change at the next station for {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}'''''
|}

==Entry/Exits==
There are 5 Entry/Exit points – A, B, C, D and E. All entry and exit points are located on Post Office Road. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel.
{{Empty section|date=July 2022}}

==See also==
*[[Bangalore]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Bangalore|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Namma Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bangalore}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170629131050/http://www.bmrc.co.in/English/index.html Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Namma Metro|purple line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-railstation-stub}}

Kamarhati Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T04:29:57Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kamarhati
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Kamarhati.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kamarhati Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Madan Mitra]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
| constituency_no = 112
| established = 1967
| electors = 1,62,648(SIR-2026)
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Kamarhati Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 112 Kamarhati Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Ward Nos. 1 to 16 and 21 to 35 of [[Kamarhati Municipality]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=15 October 2010|work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Kamarhati Assembly constituency is part of No. 16 [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan="3"|Radhika Ranjan Banerjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Pradip Kumar Palit
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3"|Radhika Ranjan Bannerjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|Santi Ghatak
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Manash Mukherjee]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Madan Mitra]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Manash Mukherjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Madan Mitra]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kamarhati}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Madan Mitra]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 64,817{{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 43.71
|change = {{decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arup Choudhury
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 59,171{{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 39.91
|change = {{increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Manash Mukherjee]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 20,203{{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 13.63
|change = {{decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kallol Mukherjee
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,345{{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,145{{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kamarhati}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Madan Mitra]]
|votes = 73,491
|percentage = 51.17
|change = {{increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anindya Raju Banerjee
|votes = 38,235
|percentage = 26.64
|change = {{increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sayandeep Mitra
|votes = 28,138
|percentage = 19.62
|change = {{decrease}}
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Manas Mukherjee of CPI(M) defeated his nearest rival [[Madan Mitra]] of Trinamool Congress.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Kamarhati constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=112| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507064752/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=112| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 7 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Kamarhati| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Manash Mukherjee]]|votes=62,194|percentage=45.09|change=+6.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Madan Mitra]]|votes=57,996|percentage=42.04|change=-15.92}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Krishanu Mitra|votes=10,797|percentage=+7.83|change=6.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,623|percentage=1.90|change=+1.90}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Manas Mukherjee
|votes = 1,009
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subhojit Dutta
|votes = 923
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rekha Devi|votes=848|percentage=0.61|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Archana Ghatak|votes=399|percentage=0.29|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|candidate=Santanu Chatterjee|votes=352|percentage=0.26|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,37,943|percentage=74.85|change=-4.59}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Madan Mitra of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Manas Mukherjee of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Kamarhati constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=112| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507064752/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=112| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 7 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Kamarhati| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Madan Mitra]]|votes=74,112|percentage=57.96|change=+17.25#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Manash Mukherjee]]|votes=49,758|percentage=38.91|change=-17.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Shikha Sarkar|votes=1,699|percentage=1.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sushanta Dey
|votes = 1,079
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Nabendu Dasgupta|votes=739|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|candidate=Tarak Bhadra|votes=479|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=127,866|percentage=79.44|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 34.74#
}}
{{Election box end}}
===2006===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2006]]}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Manash Mukherjee]]|votes=71,322|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Subhrangshu Bhattacharya|votes=40,634|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sambhu Nath Dutta|votes=10,845|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Shambhu Dutta|votes=1981|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ram Bachchan|votes=1679|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=126461|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box hold|colour=Red|winner=CPIM}}

{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]] and 2001 state assembly elections [[Manash Mukherjee]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], won from the Kamarhati assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Subhrangshu Bhattacharya of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and Chittaranjan Bag of Trinamool Congress in 2001.<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Santi Ghatak of CPI(M) had won it in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and in 1991<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> defeating his nearest rivals Sambhunath Dutta of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996 and Salil Biswas of Congress in 1991. Radhika Ranjan Bannerjee of CPI(M) had won this seat in 1987, 1982, and in 1977defeating Ajoy Ghosal of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Purnendu Bimal Dutta of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and Jayanta Chandra Sen of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp136.htm |title = 136 - Kamarhati Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1967-1972===
Pradip Kumar Palit of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Radhika Ranjan Banerjee of CPI(M) won in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Prior to that the Kamarhati seat did not exist.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in West Bengal]]

Kilvaithinankuppam Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T01:45:28Z

Aspireitacademy: Put Up New Page First Draft

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 45
| map_image = Constitution-Kilvaithinankuppam.svg
| district = [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| mla = [[M. Jagan Moorthy]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Kilvaithinankuppam
| electors = 215,304
| reservation = SC
}}
'''K. V. Kuppam''', or '''Kilvaithinankuppam''', is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, formed after the constituency delimitation in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 45. The seat is [[reservation in India|reserved]] for candidates from the [[Scheduled Caste]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008 |url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-15 }}</ref> It is included in [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[S. K. Tamilarasan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[G. Loganathan]]
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[M. Jagan Moorthy]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=45}}</ref>
|-
|[[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|E. Thendral Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.08}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.12}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: K. V. Kuppam}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Jagan Moorthy]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajeswari Mohangandhi|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kalaiyendhiri|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. Thendral Kumar]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 215304|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kilvaithinankuppam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate=[[M. Jagan Moorthy]]
| party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|votes=84,579
|percentage=49.08
|change=3.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Seetharaman |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=73,997 |percentage=42.94 |change=3.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Divya Rani |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=10,027 |percentage=5.82 |change=5.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,798 |percentage=1.04 |change=-0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Dhanaseelan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,432 |percentage=0.83 |change=-1.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Elavarasan |party=RPPRINAT |votes=547 |percentage=0.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Venkatasamy |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=519 |percentage=0.30 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Pushpalatha |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=519 |percentage=0.30 |change=0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Selva Chenguttuvan |party=Independent politician |votes=331 |percentage=0.19 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. P. Elanchezhiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=242 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sathu |party=NDPOSI |votes=133 |percentage=0.08 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,582 |percentage=6.14 |change=0.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=172,326 |percentage=75.83 |change= -4.56 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=553 |percentage=0.32 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,241 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kilvaithinankuppam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Loganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,612 |percentage=45.76 |change=-5.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Amalu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=65,866 |percentage=39.86 |change=-4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kusalakumari |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=13,046 |percentage=7.90 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Deviyammal |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,170 |percentage=2.52 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vimala |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,210 |percentage=1.34 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,990 |percentage=1.20 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Archana |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=788 |percentage=0.48 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mohan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=457 |percentage=0.28 |change=-0.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=283 |percentage=0.17 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Annammal |party=Independent politician |votes=238 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Selva Kumar |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=229 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,746 |percentage=5.90 |change=-1.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=165,226 |percentage=80.39 |change= 0.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,533 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kilvaithinankuppam<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. K. Thamizharasan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,002 |percentage=51.12 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Seetharaman |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,242 |percentage=44.19 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Anumanthan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,350 |percentage=0.96 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Saravanan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,226 |percentage=0.87 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ilayakumar |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,111 |percentage=0.79 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,061 |percentage=0.75 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ramesh |party=Independent politician |votes=592 |percentage=0.42 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Tamilarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=454 |percentage=0.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sudhakar |party=Independent politician |votes=370 |percentage=0.26 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Chandran |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=257 |percentage=0.18 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sankar |party=Independent politician |votes=183 |percentage=0.13 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,760 |percentage=6.93 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=175,992 |percentage=80.03 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,848 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|12.96|78.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellore district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Basmath Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T20:33:51Z

Aspireitacademy: New A Entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Basmath
| constituency_no = 92
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 92-Basmath.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency|Hingoli]]
| district = [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Chandrakant Nawghare]]
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =321,014
}}
'''Basmath Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 constituencies of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]], in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=14 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df= }}</ref>

==Overview==
Basmath (constituency number 92) is one of the three Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Hingoli district]]. It covers the entire Basmath [[tehsil]] and part of Aundha tehsil of this district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=259}}</ref>

Basmath is part of the [[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Kalamnuri Assembly constituency|Kalamnuri]] and [[Hingoli Assembly constituency|Hingoli]] in Hingoli district and [[Umarkhed Assembly constituency|Umarkhed]] in [[Yavatmal district]], [[Kinwat Assembly constituency|Kinwat]] and [[Hadgaon Assembly constituency|Hadgaon]] in [[Nanded district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=277}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Bhagwan Rao || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|-
| Sham Rao || {{Full party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Vishwanathrao S/o Madhaorao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Rangrao Parashram
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || W. R. Nayak
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || S. Iqbal Hussain
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[Panditrao Ramrao Deshmukh]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || [[Ganeshrao Dudhgaonkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Jadhav Munjajirao Narayanrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan="3" | [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | Jayprakash R. Salunke Dandegaonkar || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan="2" | [[Chandrakant Nawghare]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Chandrakant Nawghare]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 107,655 |percentage = 44.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayprakash Raosaheb Salunke Dandegaonkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 78,067 |percentage = 32.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gurupadeshwar Shivacharya Maharaj (Bapu) |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 35,219 |percentage = 14.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaiswal Priti Manoj |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 14,027 |percentage = 5.82% |change = {{decrease}}5.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagannath Limbaji Adkine |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,764 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,423 |percentage = 0.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,588 |percentage = 12.28% |change = {{increase}}8.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 242,420 |percentage = 75.52% |change = {{increase}}1.00 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 240,997}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 321,014 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.82 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023) |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}9.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Chandrakant Nawghare]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 75,321 |percentage = 34.91% |change = {{increase}}5.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Shivaji Munjajirao Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 67,070 |percentage = 31.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 41,557 |percentage = 19.26% |change = {{decrease}}12.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Farid Alias Munir Isak Patel |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 25,397 |percentage = 11.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,957 |percentage = 0.91% |change = {{increase}}0.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,251 |percentage = 3.82% |change = {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 217,819 |percentage = 74.52% |change = {{decrease}}1.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 215,776}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 292,304 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.97 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}2.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 63,851 |percentage = 31.98% |change = {{decrease}}12.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayprakash R. Salunke Dandegaonkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 58,295 |percentage = 29.19% |change = {{decrease}}16.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Jadhav Shivajirao Munjajirao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 51,197 |percentage = 25.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Hafiz Abdul Raheman |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,325 |percentage = 6.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Iptekhar M. Jabbar Shaikh |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 3,956 |percentage = 1.98% |change = {{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Shivaji Laxmanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,501 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gite Minakshi Gangadhar |party = Bahujan Mukti Party |votes = 1,797 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khaja Jahangir Shaikh |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,670 |percentage = 0.84% |change = {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 962 |percentage = 0.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,556 |percentage = 2.78% |change = {{increase}}1.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 200,692 |percentage = 76.19% |change = {{increase}}0.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 199,687}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 263,398 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.08 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}13.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jayprakash R. Salunke Dandegaonkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 81,357 |percentage = 45.62% |change = {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate =[[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 78,513 |percentage = 44.03% |change = {{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tambhale Ujjwalatai Vijayprakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,059 |percentage = 5.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Shakir Mujahade Ismail |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,983 |percentage = 1.67% |change = {{decrease}}0.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krantisinha Adv. Subhashrao Shinde (Patil) |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,538 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deviprasad Munjaji Dhobale |party = Swatantra Bharat Paksha |votes = 1,527 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Sadawarte Deepak Kishanrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,250 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,844 |percentage = 1.59% |change = {{increase}}1.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 178,326 |percentage = 75.20% |change = {{decrease}}3.31 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 178,323}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 237,126 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jayprakash R. Salunke Dandegaonkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 80,935 |percentage = 46.47% |change = {{increase}}14.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 80,627 |percentage = 46.29% |change = {{decrease}}4.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Lute Vilas Vithalrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,583 |percentage = 2.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Sadawarte Deepak Kishanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,618 |percentage = 1.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. G. Naikwade |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,474 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shelke Dyaneshwar Topaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,175 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 308 |percentage = 0.18% |change = {{decrease}}19.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 174,235 |percentage = 78.51% |change = {{increase}}4.14 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 174,177}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 221,918 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}4.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 69,481 |percentage = 51.08% |change = {{increase}}14.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salunke Jayprakash Dandegaonkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 43,331 |percentage = 31.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nadre Sopanrao Begaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,399 |percentage = 14.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pisal Maroti Narayanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,651 |percentage = 2.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,150 |percentage = 19.22% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 143,021 |percentage = 74.37% |change = {{decrease}}8.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 136,023}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,317 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}14.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 53,518 |percentage = 36.52% |change = {{decrease}}13.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Chavan Prabhakar Eknath |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,453 |percentage = 17.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pisal Maroti Narayanrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 25,212 |percentage = 17.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Karamat Husain Urf Javed Vilayat Hussain |party = Janata Dal |votes = 14,883 |percentage = 10.16% |change = {{decrease}}19.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dandegaonkar Jayprakash Raosaheb Salunke |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,261 |percentage = 9.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bagal Sakharam Begaji (Pardikar) |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,431 |percentage = 6.43% |change = {{decrease}}11.80 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,065 |percentage = 19.15% |change = {{decrease}}1.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,535 |percentage = 82.60% |change = {{increase}}16.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 146,558}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 182,235 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}13.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada|Dr. Jaiprakash Shankarlal Mundada]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 54,498 |percentage = 49.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bagal Ramchandra Khobraji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 31,959 |percentage = 29.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Munjajirao Narayanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,963 |percentage = 18.23% |change = {{decrease}}29.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Kamalabai Bhagwanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,337 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,539 |percentage = 20.58% |change = {{increase}}6.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,810 |percentage = 66.30% |change = {{increase}}17.00 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 109,498}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,635 |ref = |change = {{increase}}29.85 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Munjajirao Narayanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,698 |percentage = 47.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Panditrao Ramrao Deshmukh]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,176 |percentage = 33.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dudhmal Megnath Narayan |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,157 |percentage = 14.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lolage Sudarshanrao Namdeorao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,760 |percentage = 2.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manjaramkar Madhukar Dashrathrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 543 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,522 |percentage = 13.67% |change = {{increase}}10.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,021 |percentage = 49.30% |change = {{decrease}}3.04 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,334}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,868 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.13 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}12.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ganeshrao Dudhgaonkar]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,548 |percentage = 35.09% |change = {{increase}}23.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Panditrao Ramrao Deshmukh]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,697 |percentage = 32.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Telgote Randhir Sharawan |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 10,263 |percentage = 16.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshmukh Laxumanrao Nagorao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,108 |percentage = 8.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Balasaheb Venkatrao |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 4,456 |percentage = 7.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,851 |percentage = 3.01% |change = {{decrease}}12.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,864 |percentage = 52.34% |change = {{decrease}}5.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,408}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,102 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.49 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Panditrao Ramrao Deshmukh]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 25,583 |percentage = 41.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kusale Narayanrao Girjaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,135 |percentage = 26.06% |change = {{decrease}}33.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Ramrao Bhojaji |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 7,454 |percentage = 12.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amrat Bharti Shankar Bharti |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 4,850 |percentage = 7.83% |change = {{decrease}}30.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shelke Laxman Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,149 |percentage = 5.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Engade Jairam Pundlikrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,053 |percentage = 4.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshai Tikaram Narayan |party = Independent politician |votes = 746 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waijwade Yamunbai Vishwanthrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 535 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,448 |percentage = 15.26% |change = {{increase}}4.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,921 |percentage = 57.74% |change = {{increase}}20.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,911}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,699 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.42 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. Iqbal Hussain |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,308 |percentage = 49.72% |change = {{increase}}3.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Katneshwarkar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 14,211 |percentage = 38.60% |change = {{increase}}23.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Engne Jairam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,487 |percentage = 9.47% |change = {{decrease}}37.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gajabhar Janardhan |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 454 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parkar Laxman |party = Independent politician |votes = 291 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,097 |percentage = 11.13% |change = {{decrease}}12.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,927 |percentage = 37.49% |change = {{decrease}}2.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,820}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 101,172 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.08 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = W. R. Nayak |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,541 |percentage = 46.62% |change = {{decrease}}16.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. M. Katneshwar |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,542 |percentage = 22.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. S. Ahir |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 5,173 |percentage = 15.52% |change = {{decrease}}5.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. D. Nirlikir |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,898 |percentage = 5.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. S. Telgote |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,471 |percentage = 4.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. L. Muley |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 914 |percentage = 2.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. T. Dalvi |party = Independent politician |votes = 431 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,999 |percentage = 23.99% |change = {{decrease}}17.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,770 |percentage = 40.33% |change = {{increase}}2.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,339}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,689 |ref = |change = {{increase}}33.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}16.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rangrao Parashram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,847 |percentage = 63.18% |change = {{increase}}11.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamaji Jalbaji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 5,034 |percentage = 21.42% |change = {{decrease}}26.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhavrao Deoba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,895 |percentage = 8.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Razzak Shaik Daut |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,005 |percentage = 4.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anantrao Nagorao |party = Independent politician |votes = 720 |percentage = 3.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,813 |percentage = 41.76% |change = {{increase}}37.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,934 |percentage = 37.55% |change = {{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,501}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,395 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}11.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanathrao S/o Madhaorao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,561 |percentage = 52.14% |change = {{increase}}25.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangrao S/o Parasram |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 10,614 |percentage = 47.86% |change = {{increase}}19.48 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 947 |percentage = 4.27% |change = {{decrease}}9.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 22,175 |percentage = 37.52% |change = {{decrease}}27.43 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 22,175}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,094 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}36.75 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing = {{increase}}23.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Basmath <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagwan Rao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 17,218 |percentage = 28.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sham Rao |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 11,096 |percentage = 18.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,565 |percentage = 14.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattopant |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 8,271 |percentage = 13.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanath Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,893 |percentage = 13.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Ram Etarajaloo |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 2,705 |percentage = 4.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narhar Rao |party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 2,464 |percentage = 4.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chokhoba |party = Hyderabad State Depressed Classes Association |votes = 2,463 |percentage = 4.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,653 |percentage = 14.26% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,675 |percentage = 32.84% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,675}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,422 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Basmath]]
*[[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|19|20|0.59|N|77|9|25.65|E|region:IN|display=title}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basmath (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Hingoli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Cell Murugan

2026-05-04T22:46:54Z

Aspireitacademy: done

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Cell Murugan
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = Murugan
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor, comedian
| years_active = 2001-present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Cell Murugan''' is an Indian actor and comedian who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]]. He is known for appearing alongside [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in several films.

== Career ==
Cell Murugan worked as a manager to Vivek and co-starred with him in almost all of his films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/cell-murugan-talk-about-vivek|title="என்னய்யா இப்படி பண்ற, தூரப் போய் நில்லுயா" - இளையராஜா ரெக்கார்டிங்கில் செல் முருகனை கலாய்த்த விவேக்|date=4 April 2022|work=[[Nakkheeran]]|language=ta|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209032546/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/cell-murugan-talk-about-vivek|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/actor-celmurugan-talks-about-actor-viveks-birthday-moments|title=''விவேக் சாரின் கனவை இன்று நிறைவேற்றத் தொடங்கியிருக்கிறோம்!'' - செல்முருகன்|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]|author=வெ.வித்யா காயத்ரி|date=19 November 2021|language=ta|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206232533/https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/actor-celmurugan-talks-about-actor-viveks-birthday-moments|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/cell-murugan-sharing-about-vivek-memories|title="மனசு நிறைய கருணை!"|author=நா.கதிர்வேலன்|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]|url-access=subscription|language=ta|access-date=2023-11-23|archive-date=2023-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120073422/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/cell-murugan-sharing-about-vivek-memories|url-status=live}}</ref> He played a notable role in ''[[1977 (film)|1977]]'' (2009) as a Malaysian Tamil who warns Vivek not to go after a Malaysian-Chinese girl after a sign outside her house says "Awas Anjing" ({{Translation|beware of dogs}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/dec/25/from-saamy-to-sakka-podu-podu-raja-vivekh-talks-about-what-its-like-to-be-a-comedian-1736141.html|title=From Saamy to Sakka Podu Podu Raja: Vivekh talks about what it's like to be a comedian|date=25 December 2017|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022091016/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/dec/25/from-saamy-to-sakka-podu-podu-raja-vivekh-talks-about-what-its-like-to-be-a-comedian-1736141.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His role in the film ''[[Anthony Yaar?]]'' (2009) was praised as a man whose mustache gets shaved off by Vivek in a bar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Yaar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/aug/02/anthony-yaar-74059.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009183618/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/aug/02/anthony-yaar-74059.html |archive-date=9 October 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-top-favourite-wine-shop-comedy-scenes-in-films/anthony-yaar-vivek-cell-murugan.html|title=THE TOP FAVOURITE WINE SHOP COMEDY SCENES IN FILMS!|author1=Bharadan|author2=Gurumurthy|work=Behindwoods|access-date=2023-11-23|archive-date=2023-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122005242/https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-top-favourite-wine-shop-comedy-scenes-in-films/anthony-yaar-vivek-cell-murugan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He played full length comedy roles in ''[[Sivappu Mazhai]]'' (2010), ''[[Pathayeram Kodi]]'' (2013), ''[[Killadi]]'' (2015) and ''[[Ezhumin]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/killadi/movie-review/46079731.cms|title=KILLADI MOVIE REVIEW|date=16 May 2016|first=M.|last=Suganth|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926172707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Killadi/movie-review/46079731.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022 and 2024, on Vivek's one-year and three-year death anniversary, respectively, Cell Murugan planted a sapling continuing his [[Vivek (actor)#Green_Kalam|Green Kalam]] initiative in remembrance of him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/actor-cell-murugan-will-continue-the-dream-of-actor-vivek|title=நடிகர் விவேக்கின் கனவைத் தொடரும் செல் முருகன்!|date=17 April 2022|work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai|Kamadenu]]|language=ta|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=28 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225010/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/actor-cell-murugan-will-continue-the-dream-of-actor-vivek|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaThuligal/2022/04/18221210/Cell-Murugan-to-continue-Viveks-dream-project.vpf|title=விவேக்கின் கனவு திட்டத்தை தொடரும் செல் முருகன்|date=18 April 2022|work=[[Dina Thanthi]]|language=ta|access-date=23 November 2023|archive-date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620020254/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaThuligal/2022/04/18221210/Cell-Murugan-to-continue-Viveks-dream-project.vpf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/goat-actor-vaibhav-plants-tree-saplings-along-with-cell-murugan-on-the-occasion-of-viveks-third-death-anniversary/articleshow/109371211.cms|title='GOAT' actor Vaibhav plants tree saplings along with Cell Murugan on the occasion of Vivek's third death anniversary|date=17 April 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001 || ''[[Citizen (2001 film)|Citizen]]'' || Advocate || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[12B]]'' || Car owner || Uncredited role
|-
| rowspan="2"|2002 || ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'' || Thief ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' || Police Inspector ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2003
| ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' || Patient ||
|-
| ''[[Saamy]]'' || Traffic Inspector ||
|-
| ''[[Thithikudhe]]'' || Film director
||
|-
| ''[[Thirumalai]]'' || Telugu devotee of Tirumala Vishnu ||
|-
| ''[[Enakku 20 Unakku 18]]'' || Traffic Inspector ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Perazhagan]]'' || rowspan="2"|Murugan ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2005 || ''[[Thaka Thimi Tha]]'' ||
|-
|''[[Anbe Vaa (2005 film)|Anbe Vaa]]'' || Man with love letters ||
|-
| ''[[Vanakkam Thalaiva]]'' || Police Inspector ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2006 || ''[[Paramasivan]]'' || Sandeep Munusamy ||
|-
| ''[[Saravana]]'' || Inspector T. Manavaalan ||
|-
| ''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]'' || Cart puller ||
|-
|''[[Madhu (2006 film)|Madhu]]'' || Police Inspector ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Aalwar]]'' || Ponds' friend ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2008 || ''[[Singakutty]]'' || Police Inspector ||
|-
|''[[Kuruvi]]'' || Malaysian Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Aayudham Seivom]]'' || Arumugam ||
|-
| ''[[Durai (film)|Durai]]'' || Traffic cop ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2009 || ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' || Cell Murugan ||
|-
| ''[[Perumal (film)|Perumal]]'' || Idithangi's follower ||
|-
| ''[[1977 (film)|1977]]'' || Murugan ||
|-
| ''[[Guru En Aalu]]'' || Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Anthony Yaar?]]'' || Meena's brother ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2010 || ''[[Thambikku Indha Ooru]]'' || Telugu priest ||
|-
| ''[[Sivappu Mazhai]]'' || Chandy ||
|-
| ''[[Magane En Marumagane]]'' || Weightu Veerasamy ||
|-
|''[[Singam]]'' || Mumbai Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Vaada (2010 film)|Vaada]]'' || Annamalai's kidnapper ||
|-
| ''[[Bale Pandiya (2010 film)|Bale Pandiya]]'' || Thirupathi ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2011 || ''[[Seedan]]'' || Gumbidiswamy's assistant ||
|-
|''[[Mappillai (2011 film)|Mappillai]]'' || Chinna's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Bhavani (2011 film)|Bhavani]]'' || Motorcycle driver ||
|-
| ''Oru Nunakkadha'' || 420 || Malayalam film
|-
| ''[[Vedi (film)|Vedi]]'' || Balloon seller ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Murattu Kaalai (2012 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' || Veterinarian ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2013 || ''[[Pathayeram Kodi]]'' || Shankar Lal's assistant ||
|-
|''[[Kantha (film)|Kantha]]'' || Needhi Nayagam ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Chandra (film)|Chandra]]'' || Lekkachara || [[Kannada]] film
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || Kizhakku ||
|-
| ''[[Naan Than Bala]]'' || Thomas Alva Edison ||
|-
| ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]'' || Manickam ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2015 || ''[[Killadi]]'' || Rambo ||
|-
| ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Buddhanin Sirippu]]'' || Jobless man ||
|-
| ''[[Palakkattu Madhavan]]'' || Chittukuruvi ||
|-
| ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]'' || Pasupathy's assistant ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Manithan (2016 film)|Manithan]]'' || Advocate ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017 || ''[[Muthuramalingam]]'' || Arul Murugan ||
|-
| ''[[Brindavanam (2017 film)|Brindavanam]]'' || Mani ||
|-
|''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]'' || Manickam ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Ezhumin]]'' || Thoodhu ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Dharala Prabhu]]'' || Vanangamudi ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' || Manickam ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]'' || Home Minister's assistant ||
|-
| ''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' || Man from Manali ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2024 || ''[[Raayan]]'' || Bartender ||
|-
| ''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]'' || Mr. Perfect ||
|-
|2025
|''[[Madharaasi]]''
|Theatregoer
|Uncredited appearance in the song "Thangapoovey"<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rev9xjajSlM |title=Thangapoovey - Video Song {{!}} Madharaasi {{!}} Sivakarthikeyan {{!}} Rukmini {{!}} A.R.Murugadoss {{!}} Anirudh |date=2025-09-08 |last=Junglee Music Tamil |access-date=2025-12-30 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Shakthi Thirumagan]]'' || Maaran ||
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDB name|4819263}}

[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Punjab State Commission For Women

2026-04-30T03:23:37Z

Aspireitacademy: starting a stub

{{Short description|Statutory body for women's rights, India}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Punjab State Commission for Women
| nativename =
| nativename_r =
| type = Commission
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| formed = 15 October 2004
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]
| headquarters = Punjab State Commission for Women, SCO No. -57, 58, 59 Sector-17-C (Top floor in front of Neelam Cinema) Chandigarh.<ref name="pw ref1">{{cite web |title=Punjab State Commission For Women |url=http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Punjab |website=Punjab State Commission For Women |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="pw ref2">{{cite web |title=Punjab State Commission For Women |url=https://punjabwomencommission.punjab.gov.in/ |website=Punjab State Commission For Women |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = [[Raj Lali Gill]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Organisation Structure {{!}} Punjab State Commission for Women |url=https://punjabwomencommission.punjab.gov.in/?q=content/organisation-structure |website=punjabwomencommission.punjab.gov.in}}</ref>
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
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| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =[https://punjabwomencommission.punjab.gov.in/ Official Website]
{{Official website|http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Punjab}}
| footnotes =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
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}}
'''Punjab State Commission for Women''' is a [[statutory]] body constituted in the year 1993 to deal with the issues relating to [[Violence against women|crime against women]] in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The commission for the welfare of women in the state was set up by [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]] as a [[Quasi-judicial body|quasi-judicial]] body.

== History and objectives ==

Punjab State Commission for Women was formed to investigate specific problems relating to women and apart from studying women-related issues in the state.<ref name="scw ref1">{{cite news |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Swarna |title=Why National and State Women's Commissions are important and should be held accountable |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-why-national-and-state-women-s-commissions-are-important-and-should-be-held-accountable-2217939 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=dnaindia.com |date=30 May 2016}}</ref> The Commission is equipped with powers to safeguard rights of women and ensure their protection and equality against any form of harassment and issues faced in the family and community.

The commission was created with the following objectives:

* Ensuring the protection and welfare of women.
* Handle gender-based issues through timely intervention in case of any violation of relevant laws or opportunity denial or depriving the women of any rights.
* Recommending to the state government on women-based issues.
* The commission occasionally takes steps to create public awareness regarding the state's women-based legislation.

Chairperson of Punjab State Commission for Women, Manisha Gulati, made her number 88659-00064 public to facilitate distressed women to lodge immediate complaints.<ref name="pw ref3">{{cite news |title=Punjab State Commission For Women |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-womens-panel-chief-manisha-gulati-shares-her-phone-number-for-registering-complaints-2103965 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=19 September 2019}}</ref>

== Composition ==

Punjab State Commission for Women was formed with a chairperson and other members. The social welfare department of the state makes modalities for appointing the Chairman of the State Commission for Women. Their salary and other emoluments are fixed by the state government and revised from time to time.

Smt. Raj Lali Gill is the Chairperson of the Punjab State Commission for Women.

== Activities ==

Punjab State Commission for Women was formed in 2006 to perform below activities:

* Commission should ensure that it adheres to the provision and protection guaranteed for women under the Constitution of India and women-related legislations.
* In case any agency in the state fails to implement protective measures against women, getting the same to the notice of the Government.<ref name="pw ref4">{{cite news |title=Punjab Women's Panel Wants Action Against Honey Singh For "Vulgar Lyrics" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-womens-panel-wants-action-against-honey-singh-for-vulgar-lyrics-2063212 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=3 June 2019}}</ref>
* Making recommendations for the amendments in any law if it fails on the provision of justice to the women of the state.
* Taking up with concerned authorities any issue of violation of women's rights and recommending follow-up action to them.<ref name="pw ref6">{{cite news |title=Women Commission Chairperson asked members to sensitize women about their rights and welfare schemes |url=http://www.diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/women-commission-chairperson-asked-members-sensitize-women-about-their-rights-and-welfare |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=diprpunjab.gov.in}}</ref>
* Women who have complaints of violation of their rights and non-implementation of their protective measures guaranteed under the Constitution of India can directly approach Women Commission for redressal.
* Counselling and assisting women who are victims of atrocities and discrimination in the state.<ref name="pw ref7">{{cite news |title=Punjab State Women Commission chairperson meets 7-year-old |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/punjab-state-women-commission-chairperson-meets-rape-survivor-girl/articleshow/84522092.cms |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=18 July 2021}}</ref>
* Financing litigation expenses for any issues involving mass groups of women and occasionally making reports to the state government relating to them.
* Inspecting any premises, jail or other remand homes where women prisoners are lodged or any other case and bringing them to the notice of respective authorities, in case of need.
* Enquire, study and investigate any specific women-based issues.
* Initiate educational research or undertake any promotional method and recommend ways for ensuring women's representation in all areas and identifying reasons for depriving them of their rights.
* To enquire suo-moto or any complaints of any issue which deprives women of their rights or women protection laws not being implemented or noncompliance of any policies relating to them or failure of following instructions relating to women welfare and relief associated with them.<ref name="pw ref5">{{cite news |title=Indian brides told to reduce mobile phone use |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/indian-brides-told-to-reduce-mobile-phone-use-226277 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=5 June 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[National Commission for Women]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://punjabwomencommission.punjab.gov.in/ Official Website]
* {{Official website|http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Punjab}}

[[Category:State agencies of India]]
[[Category:Commissions in India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Women's organisations based in India]]

Department of Taxes (Kerala)

2026-04-21T15:48:12Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Revenue department of Kerala state, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Taxes
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.svg
| logo_width = 120px
| logo_caption = Emblem of Kerala
| jurisdiction = [[Kerala]]
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India
| minister1_name = [[K. N. Balagopal]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Finance
| minister2_name = [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister for Registration
| minister3_name = [[M.B. Rajesh]]
| minister3_pfo = Minister for Excise
| chief1_name = K.R. Jyothilal [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = Additional Chief Secretary (Finance & Taxes)
| parent_agency = [[Government of Kerala]]
| child2_agency = [[Kerala Excise]]
| child3_agency = Kerala State Lotteries Department
| child12_agency = Kerala State GST Department
| website = [https://keralataxes.gov.in/ Department of Taxes]
}}

The '''Department of Taxes''' is one of the administrative departments of the [[Government of Kerala]]. It is responsible for the formulation and implementation of tax policies, collection of state taxes, and administration of tax laws in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-11-03 |title=State GST department launches GST registration drive in Kerala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-gst-department-launches-gst-registration-drive-in-kerala/article70236645.ece |access-date=2025-11-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
The department is headed by Minister of Finance, and incumbent minister is [[K. N. Balagopal]]. The department is administratively headed by an [[Additional Chief Secretary|Additional Chief Secretary to Government]] (Taxes), an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Council of Ministers {{!}} I&PRD : Official Website of Information Public Relations Department of Kerala |url=https://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/en/council-of-ministers |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=www.prd.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Treasuries, Kerala |url=https://portal.treasury.kerala.gov.in/home/ |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=portal.treasury.kerala.gov.in}}</ref> The current Secretary to Government is K.R. Jyothilal IAS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Government reshuffle IAS officers: KR Jyothilal appointed Additional Chief Secretary of Finance Department |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1529717&u= |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=keralakaumudi.com}}</ref>

The respective line departments are headed by the Commissioner of State GST, the Excise Commissioner, and the Director of State Lotteries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Excise |url=https://keralaexcise.gov.in/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430031356/https://keralaexcise.gov.in/en/ |archive-date=2025-04-30 |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=keralaexcise.gov.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Functions ==
The department is primarily responsible for the assessment, collection, and enforcement of various state taxes including [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] (State GST), agricultural income tax, [[luxury tax]], and [[Excise|excise duties]]. It also coordinates with other state and central agencies for effective tax administration and revenue monitoring.<ref name="policy">{{cite web |url=https://keralataxes.gov.in/ |title=Department of Taxes |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref> The department is responsible for administrative supervision of the line departments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://keralataxes.gov.in/2017/08/03/about-the-department/ |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=keralataxes.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rules of Business of the Government of Kerala – Part II, First Schedule |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf |publisher=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

The Department of Taxes is responsible for the enforcement of the following Acts in the State of Kerala:<ref>{{cite web |title=Rules of Business of the Government of Kerala – Part II, First Schedule |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf |publisher=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

* Agricultural Income Tax Act
* Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985
* Abkari Act
* [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax Act]]
* [[Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985|Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act]]
* Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act
* Prohibition Act
* Money Lenders Act
* [[The Indian Partnership Act, 1932|Indian Partnership Act]]
* Non-Trading Companies Act
* Indian Registration Act
* Indian Stamps Act
* Kerala Stamp Act
* Transfer of Property Act
* Travancore–Cochin Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act

== Sub-departments ==
The following offices and organisations function under the administrative control of the Department of Taxes:<ref name="policy" />
* [https://keralataxes.gov.in/ Kerala State Goods and Services Tax Department]
* [[Kerala Excise|Kerala Excise Department]]
* [[Kerala State Beverages Corporation]]
* [https://www.statelottery.kerala.gov.in/ Kerala State Lottery Department]
* [https://registration.kerala.gov.in/en/home/ Registration Department, Kerala]

== See also ==
* [[Department of Finance (Kerala)]]
* [[Department of Revenue (Kerala)]]
* [[Government of Kerala]]
* [[Economy of Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://keralataxes.gov.in/ Official website of the Department of Taxes, Kerala]
* [https://kerala.gov.in/ Official website of the Government of Kerala]

[[Category:Government departments of Kerala]]

Undivided Goalpara district

2026-04-20T06:51:18Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Former district of Assam in British India}}
{{Assam History}}
The '''Undivided Goalpara district'''<ref>http://lsi.gov.in/library/handle/123456789/3171 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> is an erstwhile [[Districts of Assam|district]] of [[Assam]], India, first constituted by the [[British Raj|British]] rulers of [[Colonial Assam]].

==Establishment==
===Historical background===
The region was part of [[Kamarupa]] in the first millennium, subsequently a part of [[Kamata kingdom]] and finally [[Koch Hajo]] in the late 16th century. But after beginning of [[Ahom-Mughal conflicts]] (1619-1682), it became a part of the [[Bengal Subah]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]; though it was in [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] control for about three years around 1658,<ref>"In 1658, the Ahoms advanced again, occupied Goalpara and held it for three years but were compelled to retreat before Mir Jumla's army". {{harv|Dutta|1995|p=8}}</ref> it was not a regular part of Ahom territory.<ref name="guha1983p9">" Ahom territory (i e, by and large, the Brahmaputra Valley without the Goalpara district)."{{harv|Guha|1983|p=9}}</ref>
Under the Mughals, it was constituted as [[Sarkar (administrative division)|Sarkar]] Dhekuri,<ref>{{harv|Dutta|1995|p=8}}</ref> and it passed into [[East India Company]] control along with [[Bengal]] in 1765 and it fell under the Rangpur administration. As a part of the East India Company's frontier policy a special administrative region, called "North-Eastern Parts of Rangpur", was constituted sometime after 1816, with David David Scott appointed as its Civil Commissioner in January 1822.<ref>{{Harv|Bannerjee|1992|pp=4–5}}</ref>

===Constituting Goalpara===
In anticipation of a rapture with the Burmese, the eastern frontier was placed under a military command, with David Scott appointed as an Agent of the Governor-General to oversee the political aspect of the Northeast Frontier and the Assam affairs.<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|p=5}}</ref> Within the first month of the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] (March 1824), the regions to the east of [[Rangpur Division|Rangpur]], [[Undivided Kamrup district|Kamrup]] and [[Darrang district|Darrang]] (under the erstwhile [[Ahom kingdom]], then under [[Burmese invasions of Assam|Burmese occupation]]).<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|pp=5–6}}</ref> By October 1824, the newly acquired region came under administrative control of David Scott, the Chief Commissioner of "North-Eastern Parts of Rangpur"<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|p=6}}</ref> and the historical grouping of the Goalpara, Kamrup and Darrang (largely congruous to the erstwhile Koch Hajo) called Western Assam (later [[Lower Assam]]) became apparent.<ref>"The territory on the (west)—Biswanath to Goalpara—was known as western Assam; but another name—Lower Assam—gradually came into use" {{harv|Bannerjee|1992|p=9}}</ref> The [[Konbaung dynasty|Burmese]] abandoned the Ahom capital [[Rangpur, Assam]] in 1825 and following the [[Treaty of Yandabo]] of February 1826, the whole of the [[Ahom kingdom]], except the [[Dhemaji district|Sadiya]] and the [[Tinsukia district|Bengmara]] i.e the areas under [[Matak rajya|Matak kingdom]] (1805–1839), fell under direct British control and came to be called Eastern Assam. Western and Eastern Assam were placed under two commissioners, the Senior and Junior Commissioners, with the Senior Commissioner having certain overriding powers over the Junior Commissioners. The Junior Commissionership was abolished in 1828.

In March 1833 the erstwhile "Northeast Rangpur" was constituted as the Goalpara district.<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|p=53}}</ref> At the end of the [[Bhutan War]] or (the Duar War) in 1865 the British took complete control of the [[Duars]], and the portions adjoining Goalpara were added to it.

==Demography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! # !! District !! Hindu Population !! Hindu% !! Muslim population !! Muslim% !! Total Population
|-
|1||[[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]||359,145||48.61%||371,033||50.22%||738,804
|-
|2||[[Chirang district|Chirang]] ||320,647||66.50%||109,248||22.66%||482,162
|-
|3||[[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] ||388,380||19.92%||1,553,023||79.67%||1,949,258
|-
|4||[[Goalpara district|Goalpara]]||347,878||34.51%||579,929||57.52%||1,008,183
|-
|5||[[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]||529,068||59.64%||252,271||28.44%||887,142
|-
| ||'''Undivided Goalpara District (Total) ''' ||'''1,945,118'''||'''38.40%%'''||'''2,865,504'''||'''56.57%%'''||'''5,065,549'''
|}

==See also==
* [[Goalpara district]]
* [[Kamatapur Autonomous Council]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bannerjee |first=A C |editor-first=H K |editor-last=Barpujari |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam: Modern Period |publisher=Publication Board, Assam |place=Guwahati |year=1992 |pages=1–43 |chapter=Chapter 1: The New Regime, 1826-31 |volume=IV}}
* {{cite book |last=Dutta |first=Birendranath |year=1995 |title=A Study of the Folk Culture of the Goalpara Region of Assam |publisher=University Publication Department, Gauhati University |place=Guwahati, Assam}}
* {{cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wislon |title=A Statistical Account of Assam |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIVJAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2012-12-13 |year=1879 |publisher=Trübner & co. }}
* {{Citation| last = Guha| first = Amalendu| title = The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714)| journal = Social Scientist| volume = 11| pages = 3–34| date = December 1983| doi = 10.2307/3516963| issue = 12| jstor = 3516963| url = http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3259| access-date = 2019-12-12| archive-date = 2023-07-06| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230706211727/https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/3259| url-status = dead}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Goalpara district]]
[[Category:Former districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Colonial India]]
[[Category:1833 establishments in British India]]

Konda Venkatappayya

2026-04-19T23:24:45Z

Aspireitacademy: Put Up New Stub Initial Version - done

{{Short description|Indian lawyer, freedom fighter, and politician (1866–1948)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Konda Venkatappayya
| image = Konda_Venkatappayya2.jpg
| caption = Konda Venkatappayya
| birth_date = 1866
| birth_place = [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date = 1948
| death_place =
| office = [[Madras Legislative Council]]
| constituency =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Venkata Subbamamba
| children = 6; 2 boys and 4 girls
| website =
| footnotes =
| year =
}}

'''Konda Venkatappayya''' or '''Konda Venkatappaiah''' [[Bachelor of Laws|B.L.]] (1866–1948) was a noted Indian lawyer, [[Indian freedom fighter|freedom fighter]], and politician from what is now [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>[http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/hist-cult/history_modern.html Freedom struggle, History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh in APOnline.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926211417/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_modern.html |date=26 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0798/PIBF0707982.html Freedom Movement in Andhra Pradesh, V. G.. Balakrishna.]</ref> He was one of the founders and the first editor of ''[[Krishna Patrika]]'', a leading weekly [[Telugu language|Telugu]] magazine during the early 20th century.

==Early life==
He was born in a [[Brahmin]] family in [[Guntur|old Guntur]] to Kotayya and Butchamma in 1866.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoddart |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVITAwAAQBAJ&dq=Krishna+Patrika+founded&pg=PT24 |title=Land, Water, Language and Politics in Andhra: Regional Evolution in India Since 1850 |date=2014-03-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-80974-6 |language=en}}</ref> He studied at the Mission high school, Guntur, and [[Madras Christian College]]. He graduated B.L.

==Career==
Venkatappayya started practising law in [[Machilipatnam]]. After the division of the [[Krishna district]] and formation of the [[Guntur district]], he moved to Guntur.<ref>Venkatappaiah Konda, Luminaries of 20th Century, Part II, Potti Sriramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 2005, pp. 694-5.</ref> He was allied with the [[Mylapore clique]].

===Krisna Patrika===
He founded the ''Krishna Patrika'' in 1902 along with Dasu Narayana Rao and edited the weekly magazine till 1905. He had given the editorial responsibilities to [[Mutnuri Krishna Rao]] when he moved to Guntur.

===Indian Freedom Movement===
He left the practice and joined the Congress party. He was secretary of the first [[Andhra Mahasabha]] conference held at Bapatla in 1913 and president of the Nellore conference in 1917. He was president of Guntur district congress committee and rose to the position of secretary of All India Congress Committee in 1923. He was president of Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee between 1918 and 1923. He actively participated in various activities of the Indian freedom movement and was jailed in 1930, 1932 and 1942.

He translated "The Rise of the Dutch Republic" (1856) by [[John Lothrop Motley]], into the Telugu language in 1922, while a prisoner in Cuddalore jail.<ref>[http://www.yabaluri.org/TRIVENI/CDWEB/thetriplestreamjan52.htm Deshabhakta on Himself at The Triple Stream by K. Ramakoteswara Rau.]</ref> He was drawn to the heroic saga of the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] led by [[William the Silent]] in 16th century against the Spanish. He also wrote his autobiography in two volumes. He wrote ''Adhunika Rajyanga Samsthalu'', which was published in 1932.

When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched the [[Civil disobedience movement]] in 1930–31, he was president of Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee and in charge of the movement in the State.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z8OzIyGt0MC&dq=Konda+Venkatappaiah+Madras+assembly&pg=PA73 History of India by N. Jayapalam at Google books online.]</ref>

He was elected to the [[Madras Legislative Council]] from Guntur-Tenali constituency in 1937 and worked as Secretary of the Congress party.

==Family==
Venkatappayya married Venkata Subbamma. They had 6 children, four girls and two boys. Two boys and two girls died in their early life. His two daughters are Konda Buchi Laxmamma and Konda Parvathi Devi. His daughter Konda Parvathi Devi has graduated from [[Benares Hindu University]]. She was elected at Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council.<ref>Desabhakta Konda Venkatappaiah, Luminaries of Andhra Pradesh, Dr. S. Shridevi, Andhra Pradesh Sahithya Akademi, Hyderabad, 1976, pp: 42-50.</ref> She has donated the "Desa Bhakta Bhawan" to Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti in the year 1987.<ref>[http://www.nliguntur.org/aboutnli.html Navodaya Leadership Institute, Guntur]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has a historical monument and leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Annie Besant, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Patel and others stayed in this building during [[Indian freedom movement]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.org/details/adhunikarajyanga025633mbp Full Text of Adhunika Rajyanga Samsthalu (1932) in Telugu by Konda Venkatappayya] at [[Internet Archives]].

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkatappaiah, Konda}}
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:1866 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Guntur]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Andhra movement]]
[[Category:Lawyers from British India]]

2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)

2026-04-18T01:33:16Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox international football competition
|tourney_name = U-23 Tri-Nation Championship
|year = 2026
|other_titles =
|image =
|country = India
|dates = 25–31 March
|num_teams = 3
|confederations = 1
|venues = 1
|cities = 1
| champion_other = {{fbu|23|TJK}}
| count = 1
| second_other = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|third =
|matches = 3
|goals = 7
|attendance =
|top_scorer =
|player =
|goalkeeper =
|fair_play =
|prevseason = [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]
|nextseason =
}}

The '''2026 Tri-Nation Championship''' (also '''2026 U-23 Tri-Nation''' '''Championship''') is the third edition of the [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]], a 3-team [[association football|football]] tournament held at the [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]] in the [[India|Indian]] city of [[Yupia]] between the 25 and 31 March.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunachal Pradesh set to host U-23 Tri-Nation Championship in March |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-arunachal-pradesh-set-to-host-u-23-tri-nation-championship-202601 |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref> The tournament will be organised by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF) and [[Arunachal Pradesh Football Association]] (APFA) as part of the [[India national under-23 football team|U-23 men team]]'s preparation for the [[Football at the 2026 Asian Games|Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunachal to host Tri-Nation U-23 International Football Championship in March |url=http://www.easternsentinel.in/news/state/arunachal-to-host-tri-nation-u-23-international-football-championship-in-march.html |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=www.easternsentinel.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2026 |title=APFA to host Tri-Nation U-23 International Football Championship at Yupia in March |url=https://arunachalobserver.org/2026/02/02/apfa-to-host-tri-nation-u-23-international-football-championship-at-yupia-in-march/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |work=Arunachal Observer}}</ref>

== Participating nations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope=col|Country
! scope=col|Appearance
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:left;"| {{fbu|23|IND|name=India U23}}
| align="center" |3rd (''host'')
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:left;"| {{fbu|23|TJK|name=Tajikistan U23}}
| align="center" |1st
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:left;"| {{fbu|23|BHU|name=Bhutan U23}}
| align="center" |1st
|}
*''Note- FIFA do not produce any ranking for national under-23 teams.''

== Venue ==
* All matches are held at the [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]], [[Yupia]], India.

{| class="wikitable"
! width="20px" |[[Yupia]]
! rowspan="4" width="20px" |{{Location map+|India3|width=300|float=center|caption=|places={{Location map~ |India |lat=27.1692|long=93.7431|position=right |label=[[Yupia]]}}}}
|-
|[[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]
|-
|{{Coord|27.1692|||N|93.7431|||E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Yupia}}
|-
|Capacity: '''15,000'''
|}

== Standings ==
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|name_IND={{fbu|23|India}}
|name_TJK={{fbu|23|Tajikistan}}
|name_BHU={{fbu|23|Bhutan}}

|result1=C


|update=complete
|source=[https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/team/india-u23/21760/ GSA]

|win_IND=1 |draw_IND=0 |loss_IND=1 |gf_IND=5 |ga_IND=1 |status_IND=
|win_TJK=2 |draw_TJK=0 |loss_TJK=0 |gf_TJK=2 |ga_TJK=0 |status_TJK=
|win_BHU=0 |draw_BHU=0 |loss_BHU=2 |gf_BHU=0 |ga_BHU=6 |status_BHU=


|team1=TJK |team2=IND |team3=BHU

|col_C=gold |text_C=Champion

}}</onlyinclude>

== Matches ==
{{Football box
| format =
| round =
| date = 25 March 2026
| time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
| team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|BHU}}
| score = 0–1
| report = https://www.instagram.com/fft_official/p/DWUQcZ1jU4D/
| team2 = {{fbu|23|TJK}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
*[[Masrur Gafurov|Gafurov]] {{goal|16}}
| location = [[Yupia]]
| stadium = [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
| format =
| round =
| date = 28 March 2026
| time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
| team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
| score = 5–0
| team2 = {{fbu|23|BHU}}
| report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23-men-thrash-bhutan
| goals1 =
*[[Ricky Meetei Haobam|R. Haobam]] {{goal|44}}
*[[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|51||81}}
*[[Tomba Singh Haobam|T. Haobam]] {{goal|79}}
*[[Muhammad Ajsal|Ajsal]] {{goal|85}}
| goals2 =
| location = Yupia
| stadium = Golden Jubilee Stadium
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
| format =
| round =
| date = 31 March 2026
| time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
| team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
| score = 0–1
| team2 = {{fbu|23|TJK}}
| report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-colts-fall-narrowly-to-tajikistan-in-u23-tri-nation-championship-decider
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Khaitov Azizbek|Azizbek]] {{goal|9}}
| location = Yupia
| stadium = Golden Jubilee Stadium
| attendance =
| referee = Crystal John ([[All India Football Federation|India]])
}}

== Winners ==
{{winners|fbu|23|2023 Tri-Nation Series champion|Tajikistan|1st}}

== Goalscorers ==
{{goalscorers
|matches=3|goals=7

|2 goals=
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhail Ahmad Bhat]]

|1 goal=
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ricky Meetei Haobam]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tomba Singh Haobam]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammad Ajsal]]
*{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Masrur Gafurov]]
*{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Khaitov Azizbek]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Friendly tournaments 2026}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tri-Nation Series (India)}}

[[Category:2025–26 in Indian football]]
[[Category:2026 in Asian men's international football]]
[[Category:March 2026 sports events in India]]
[[Category:International association football competitions hosted by India]]

Chagari Praveen Kumar

2026-04-16T15:39:04Z

Aspireitacademy: new

{{short description|Indian judge (born 1961)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix =Hon'ble Justice (Retd.)
|name =Chagari Praveen Kumar|honorific_suffix=|image=|alt=|caption=
|office = [[Judge]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
|term_start = 29 June 2012
|term_end = 25 February 2023
|nominator = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
|appointer = [[Pratibha Patil]]
|predecessor1 = ''Position established''
|successor1 = [[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]
|status1 = [[Acting (law)|Acting]] [[Chief Justice]]
|term_start1 = 1 January 2019
|term_end1 = 6 October 2019
|appointer1 = [[Ramnath Kovind]]
|birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1961|2|26}}
|birth_place =[[Hyderabad]], [[India]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|spouse =
|children =
|alma_mater =[[Osmania University]]
}}
'''Chagari Praveen Kumar''' is a retired Indian [[judge]], who had served as a judge of the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://aphc.gov.in/formerjudges.php?type=former_judges |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=aphc.gov.in}}</ref> He has also served as the [[Chief justice|Acting Chief Justice]] of that high court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barandbench.com/acting-chief-justice-andhra-pradesh-high-court/|title=Chagari Praveen Kumar J appointed Acting CJ for Andhra Pradesh HC|date=2018-12-27|website=Bar & Bench|access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>

== Career ==
Justice Chagari Praveen Kumar was born on 26 February 1961. He passed [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]., [[Bachelor of Laws|L.L.B.]] He was enrolled as an [[Advocate]] on 28 February 1986. He practiced in the [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad|Andhra Pradesh High Court]] (now High Court of Telangana) in criminal and constitutional matters for over 25 years. He was appointed an Additional Judge of the [[Telangana High Court]] on June 29, 2012. He was appointed a Permanent Judge of the [[Telangana High Court]] on December 4, 2013. He chose [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] after bifurcation of [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]] into [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] and [[Telangana High Court]]. He was appointed acting Chief Justice of newly formed [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-28 |title=Praveen Kumar appointed acting chief justice of Andhra Pradesh high court |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/praveen-kumar-appointed-acting-chief-justice-of-andhra-pradesh-high-court/articleshow/67285147.cms |access-date=2025-10-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> on 1 January 2019.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Chagari Praveen}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Indian judges]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

List of 2021–22 I-League season roster changes

2026-04-15T13:51:54Z

Aspireitacademy: Starting New Stub W/ Sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox football league season
| season = [[2021–22 I-League]]
| competition = 2021–22 I-League transfers
| prevseason = [[List of 2020-21 I-League season roster changes|2020–21]]
| nextseason = [[List of 2022–23 Indian Super League transfers|2022–23]]
}}

The following is a '''list of transfers and squad changes''' for the [[2021–22 I-League]]. The list includes both pre-season and mid-season transfers.

==Gokulam Kerala FC==
===Transfers in===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Entry date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Previous club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|21 May 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Muhammed Rafi
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC Reserves]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-young-defender-muhammed-rafi20210521224452/|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala FC sign young defender Muhammed Rafi|website=ANI News}}</ref>
|-
|7 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Muhammed Uvais
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[KSEB|KSEB Football Team]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-young-kerala-defender-muhammed-uvais20210608093222/|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala FC sign young Kerala defender Muhammed Uvais|website=ANI News}}</ref>
|-
|25 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Khundongbam Krishnanda
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-sign-krishnananda-singh/|title=Gokulam Kerala sign midfielder Krishnananda Singh from TRAU FC|date=25 June 2021|publisher=Khel Now|accessdate=23 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|27
| style="text-align:left;"| Takhellambam Deepak
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref name="thefangarage.com">{{Cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/18006-thakhellabam-deepak-singh-leaves-neroca-for-gokulam-kerala-fc|title=Thakhellabam Deepak Singh Leaves NEROCA For Gokulam Kerala FC | The Fan Garage (TFG)|date=2 July 2021|website=thefangarage.com}}</ref>
|-
|9 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"|01
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Rakshit Dagar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
| None
|<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-signings-rakshit-dagar-sudeva-delhi-fc-sreenidhi-gokulam-kerala-sports-news-football/article35235243.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala signs Rakshit Dagar|first=P. K. Ajith|last=Kumar|website=Sportstar|date=9 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|16 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|DF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Shoaib Akhtar
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref name="Kumar">{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-fc-signs-shoib-akhtar/article35367472.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala signs Shoib Akhtar|first=P. K. Ajith|last=Kumar|website=Sportstar|date=16 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|MF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Akbar Khan
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2021/07/23/i-league-gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-akbar-khan.html|title=Gokulam Kerala sign Akbar Khan from NEROCA|website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
|13 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|FW
| style="text-align:center;"|22
| style="text-align:left;"| Beneston Barretto
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} Guardian Angel SC
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/18062-i-league-2021-22--beneston-barreto-joins-gokulam-kerala-fc|title=I League 2021 22 Beneston Barreto Joins Gokulam Kerala FC | the Fan Garage (TFG)|date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|23 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|DF
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1995)|Pawan Kumar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gokulam-kerala-signs-real-kashmir-defender-pawan-kumar-i-league/article36060592.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala signs Real Kashmir defender Pawan Kumar|first=Team|last=Sportstar|website=Sportstar|date=23 August 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|25 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|MF
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Charles Anandraj]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/18083-i-league-2021--gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-charles-andandraj-lourdusamy|title = I League 2021 Gokulam Kerala FC Sign Charles Andandraj Lourdusamy | the Fan Garage (TFG)|date = 26 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|26 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|DF
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Aminou Bouba]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Eding Sport FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-gokulam-kerala-sign-aminou-bouba/|title = Gokulam Kerala rope in Cameroonian centre-back Aminou Bouba|date = 25 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|30 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|MF
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| style="text-align:left;"| Sourav K
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/kerala-youngster-sourav-k-signs-for-gokulam-kerala-fc/|title = Kerala youngster Sourav K signs for Gokulam Kerala FC!|date = 30 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|FW
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|GHA}} Rahim Osumanu
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|ETH}} [[Jimma Aba Jifar F.C.|Jimma Aba Jifar]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-gokulam-kerala-sign-rahim-osumanu/|title=Ghanaian striker Rahim Osumanu joins Gokulam Kerala FC|date=31 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|3 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|FW
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chisom Chikatara]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Naft Maysan FC|Naft Maysan]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-fc-chisom-chikatara-coach-vincenzo-alberto-annese/article36278581.ece|title = Gokulam Kerala signs Nigerian striker Chikatara| date=3 September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|3 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|DF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} Shahajaz Thekkan
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} Kerala blasters Reserves
| None
|
|-
|25 December 2021
| style="text-align:center;"|MF
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sinivasan Pandiyan]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-i-league-2021-22-gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-sinivasan-pandiyan|title=Gokulam Kerala FC sign Sinivasan Pandiyan for I-League season|first=Farzan|last=Mohamed|date=25 December 2021|website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
|1 February 2022
| style="text-align:center;"|FW
| style="text-align:center;"|99
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|SVN}} [[Luka Majcen]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-i-league-2021-22-luka-majcen-pens-contract-gokulam-kerala-fc|title=Luka Majcen pens contract with Gokulam Kerala FC|first=Soumyadwip|last=Dey|date=9 January 2022|website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
|20 February 2022
| style="text-align:center;"|FW
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|JAM}} [[Jourdaine Fletcher]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|JAM}} [[Mount Pleasant Football Academy|Mount Pleasant]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/gokulam-kerala-fc-sign-jamaica-striker-jourdain-fletcher/|title=Gokulam Kerala FC sign Jamaica striker Jourdain Fletcher!|date=20 February 2022}}</ref>
|-

|-
|24 March 2022
| style="text-align:center;"|MF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Ahmed Waseem Razeek]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Up Country Lions SC|Up Country Lions]]
| None
|
|-
|}

===Transfers out===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Exit date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''To club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
| 14 May 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malemngamba Meitei]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United]]
| None
|
|-
| 14 May 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 27
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-sign-sebastian-thangmuansang/|title=Odisha FC rope in Sebastian Thangmuansang from Gokulam Kerala|date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 18 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| 01
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ubaid CK]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="sportstar.thehindu.com">{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gokulam-kerala-fc-goalkeeper-ubaid-ck-likely-to-join-sreenidhi-fc-i-league-football-news/article34755721.ece"|title = Gokulam Kerala goalkeeper Ubaid likely to join Sreenidhi FC| date=7 June 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 30 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 13
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mayakkannan]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="aaveshamclub.com">{{Cite web|url=https://aaveshamclub.com/mayakkannan-left-gokulam/|title = ഗോകുലത്തിലെ മായക്കണ്ണനെ മറ്റൊരു ഐ ലീഗ് ക്ലബ് റാഞ്ചി|date = 30 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 1 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 27
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalromawia]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-lalromawia/|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC announce signing of midfielder Lalromawia|date=10 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 7 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 26
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepak Devrani]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-chennaiyin-fc-set-to-sign-deepak-devrani/|title=Chennaiyin FC set to sign Deepak Devrani on multi-year deal|date=7 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 8 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 47
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vincy Barretto]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala blasters]]
| Undisclosed fee
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/fc-goa-winger-vincy-barretto-joins-isl-2021-22-i-league-gokulam-kerala-blasters/article35219449.ece|title=ISL: Goan winger Vincy Barretto joins Kerala Blasters FC|first=Team|last=Sportstar|website=Sportstar|date=8 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 21 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 22
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shibil Muhammed]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
| <ref name="thejasnews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejasnews.com/sports/football/sreenidhi-deccan-complete-signing-of-shibil-muhammed-on-one-year-deal-176666|title=ഗോകുലത്തിന്റെ ഷിബില്‍ മുഹമ്മദ് ശ്രീനിധി എഫ്സിയിലേക്ക്|date=6 July 2021|website=www.thejasnews.com}}</ref>
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Roshan Singh
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/trau-fc-sign-chingakham-roshan-singh-from-gokulam-kerala-fc/"|title = TRAU FC sign Chingakham Roshan Singh from Gokulam Kerala FC!|date = 24 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 31 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 24
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jestin George]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Northeast United FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-northeast-united-sign-mohammed-irshad-jestin-george/|title=NorthEast United rope in Mohammed Irshad, Jestin George on multi-year deals|date=31 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 20 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Antony Beautin
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 22 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 49
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Mohamed Awal]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="khelnow.com">{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-mohamed-awal/|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC rope in ex-Gokulam Kerala skipper Mohamed Awal|date=24 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 22 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Muhammad Asif
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
| None
|
|-
| 22 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 15
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohamed Salah (Indian footballer)|Mohamed Salah]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 28 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 02
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Naocha Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-2021-mumbai-city-fc-signs-huidrom-naocha-singh-indian-football-latest-news/article36222778.ece|title=Mumbai City FC signs defender Naocha Singh till May 2024|website=Sportstar|date=September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 50
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Philip Adjah]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Rahmatganj MFS]]
| None
|
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 16
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Salman K]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zillizsng.in/zsng-english/kufc-have-roped-in-former-gokulam-kerala-fc-winger-salman-kalliyath-for-the-upcoming-season-2/|title = KUFC have roped in former Gokulam Kerala FC winger Salman Kalliyath for the upcoming season » ZilliZsng|date = 2 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 33
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Denny Antwi]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Al-Taawon (UAE) Club|Al-Taawon]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanasportsonline.com/2021/09/ghanaian-forward-dennis-antwi-joins-uae-second-tier-side-al-taawon/|title=Ghanaian forward Dennis Antwi joins UAE second-tier side al Taawon — Ghana Sports Online|date=19 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 05
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowilson Rodrigues]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
|
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 06
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashok Singh (footballer, born 1993)|Ashok Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
|
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Muhammed Rafi
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 1 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Akbar Khan
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
| None
|
|-
| 3 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Lalliansanga
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
| None
|
|-
| 21 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 47
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Rahul KP
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-rahul-kp/%22|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC rope in ex-Gokulam Kerala star Rahul KP|date=6 October 2021|access-date=24 May 2022|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006065739/https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-rahul-kp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 21 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| -
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shayan Roy]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Madan Maharaj FC]]
| None
|
|-
|1 December 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Khundongbam Krishnanda
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC]]
| None
|
|-
|1 December 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|02
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajin Tom]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muthoot Pappachan Group|Muthoot FA]]
| None
|
|-

|1 March 2022
| style="text-align:center;"| Fw
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chisom Chikatara]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Abia Warriors FC]]
| None
|
|-
|}

==Churchill Brothers==
{{col-start}}
{{col-2}}
'''In'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
! Pos.
! Name
! From
! Fee
! Ref.
|-
|29 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} Varun Thokchom
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]
| None
|
|-
|26 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|GUI}} [[Sekou Sylla (footballer, born 1992)|Sekou Sylla]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Haiphong FC|Haiphong]]
| None
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://footballexpress.in/churchill-brothers-rope-in-guinean-forward-sekou-sylla-i-league/|title=CHURCHILL BROTHERS FC GOAChurchill Brothers rope in Guinean forward Sekou Sylla|website=footballexpress.in|date=13 July 2021|access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|20 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Shadi Skaf]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Bourj FC|Bourj]]
| None
| <ref name="newsignings">{{cite web |title=Churchill Bros prepare for I-League season ahead with two new foreigners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/churchill-bros-prepare-for-i-league-season-ahead-with-two-new-foreigners/articleshow/86212803.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=10 May 2022 |language=en |date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|21 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Afdal Varikkodan]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}}
| None
|
|-
|21 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kapil Hoble]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
| None
|
|-
|15 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Guilherme Escuro]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Retrô Futebol Clube Brasil|Retrô]]
| None
| <ref name="newsignings"/>
|-
|27 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Faheem Ali]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC]]
| None
|
|-
|28 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aaron Barretto]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
| None
|
|-
|11 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Kenneth Ikechukwu]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Saif SC]]
| None
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Churchill rope in Nigerian striker Kenneth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/churchill-rope-in-nigerian-striker-kenneth/articleshow/86949741.cms |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=12 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 29 January 2022
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Komron Tursunov]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| None
| <ref name="Tursunov">{{cite news |last1=Lopes |first1=Flavio |title=I-League: Churchill sign Tajik striker Tursunov |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/i-league-churchill-sign-tajik-striker-tursunov/articleshow/89210732.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=30 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

{{col-2}}
'''Out'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Exit date
! Pos.
! Name
! To
! Fee
! Ref.
|-
| 16 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|HON}} [[Clayvin Zuniga]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SLV}} [[C.D. FAS|FAS]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footballexpress.in/i-league-churchill-brothers-sc-star-striker-clayvin-zuniga-set-to-join-cd-fas|title = Churchill Brothers SC star striker Clayvin Zúñiga set to join CD FAS|date = July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 16 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Luka Majcen]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/aug/26/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-foreign-strikers-luka-majcen-pedro-manzi-2350169.html|title=FC Bengaluru United sign foreign strikers Luka Majcen, Pedro Manzi|date=26 August 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 16 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|CIV}} [[Bazie Armand]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBY}} [[Abu Salem SC|Abu Salem]]
| None
|
|-
| 16 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Hamza Kheir]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Al Ahed FC|Ahed]]
| None
|
|-
| 4 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Suresh Meitei]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
| None
|
|-
| 4 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}}[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| None
|<ref name="blog.cpdfootball.de">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2021/07/04/sreenidhi-fc-sign-experienced-goalkeeper-shibin-raj-kunniyil/|title = Sreenidhi FC sign experienced goalkeeper Shibin Raj Kunniyil|date = 4 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 4 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Fredsan Marshall]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| None
|
|-
| 4 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Israil Gurung]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Lopes |first1=Flavio |title=Israil quits Churchill for new challenge {{!}} Goa News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/israil-quits-churchill-for-new-challenge/articleshow/85052163.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 12 January 2022
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Shadi Skaf]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Nejmeh SC|Nejmeh]]
| None
| <ref name="Tursunov"/>
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

==Sudeva Delhi==

===Transfers In===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Date'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |Last Club
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
| 1 August 2021
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shaiborlang Kharpan]]
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 12
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Squad {{!}} Sudeva Delhi FC|url=https://sudeva.in/squad/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-28|website=[[Sudeva Delhi FC]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523054022/https://sudeva.in/squad/}}</ref>
|-
| 1 September 2021
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Akbar Khan
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| [[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|}

===Transfers Out===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Exit Date'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''To'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#FFFF00; color:#1047AB;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
|style="text-align:center;"|FW
|33
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|Loan Return
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]
|style="text-align:center;"|FW
|10
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Johny K.v.I Muanpuia
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Suji Kumar M
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Amandeep
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} R. Lallawmawma
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Waris Rashid
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Gopi Kannan
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} H Lalhmingchhuanga
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Eddie Fung
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Wallace J Martins
|style="text-align:center;"|DF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Sanjib Das
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 March 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Anirban Yadav
|style="text-align:center;"|GK
|
|
|Released
|
|-
|30 May 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Ayush Chhikara
|style="text-align:center;"|FW
|33
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC]]
|Loan Return
|
|-
|1 July 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Kamal Choudhary
|style="text-align:center;"|DF
|14
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United FC]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|3 July 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Lalramhmunmawia]]
|style="text-align:center;"|DF
|39
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|9 July 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshit Dagar]]
|style="text-align:center;"|GK
|40
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|2 August 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Kean Lewis]]
|style="text-align:center;"|MF
|8
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Punjab FC]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|30 August 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Lovepreet Singh (footballer)|Lovepreet Singh]]
|style="text-align:center;"|GK
|1
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|1 September 2021
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Prashant Narayan Choudhary
|style="text-align:center;"|DF
|20
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United FC]]
|[[Free transfer (association football)|Free transfer]]
|
|-
|}

==Round Glass Punjab==
=== In ===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Previous club
!scope="col"|Transfer fee
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|
|{{sort||DM}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shankar Sampingiraj]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]]
| Free agent
| 31 July 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/sampingiraj-joins-roundglass-pb-football-club-291982|title=Sampingiraj joins RoundGlass Punjab Football Club|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kean Lewis]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva FC]]
| Free agent
| 2 August 2021
|
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
| Free agent
| 9 August 2021
|
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| Free agent
| 10 August 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/roundglass-punjab-fc-rope-in-defender-rino-anto-on-a-one-year-deal/|title=RoundGlass Punjab FC rope in defender Rino Anto on a one-year deal|date=10 August 2021|access-date=24 May 2022|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813013719/https://khelnow.com/football/roundglass-punjab-fc-rope-in-defender-rino-anto-on-a-one-year-deal|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurtej Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| Free agent
| 11 August 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-roundglass-punjab-sign-gurtej-singh/|title=Former Bengaluru FC defender Gurtej Singh signs for RoundGlass Punjab|date=11 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashish Pradhan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Southern Samity]]
| Free agent
| 18 August 2021
|
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| Free agent
| 24 August 2021
|<ref name=rpfc1>{{cite web |date=25 Aug 2021 |url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/live_news_update/index.html#rpfc_25thAugust |title=ROUNDGLASS PUNJAB FC SIGNED KEEGAN PEREIRA, C K VINEETH |work=Kolkata Football |accessdate=25 Aug 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824110013/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/live_news_update/index.html#rpfc_25thAugust |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[C. K. Vineeth]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| Free agent
| 25 August 2021
|<ref name=rpfc1 />
|-
|
|{{sort||GK}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
| Free agent
| 28 August 2021
|
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| Free agent
| 1 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/roundglass-punjab-fc-sign-defender-john-johnson/|title=RoundGlass Punjab FC sign defender John Johnson!|date=1 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kurtis Guthrie]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]]
| Free agent
| 2 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voiceofindiansports.com/rg-punjab-fc-signs-english-striker-kurtis-guthrie/|title=RG Punjab FC signs English striker|work=Voice Of Indian Sports |date=2 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Travis Major]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blacktown City FC|Blacktown City]]
| Free agent
| 3 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/roundglass-punjab-fc-sign-striker-travis-major/|title=RoundGlass Punjab FC sign striker Travis Major!|date=3 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuanmawia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC]]
| Free agent
| 15 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/tag/rg-punjab-fc/|title=RG Punjab FC Archives - Page 2 of 11}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||DF}}
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Josef Yarney]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Weymouth F.C.|Weymouth]]
| Free agent
| 5 November 2021
|
|-
|}

=== Out ===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Outgoing club
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|05
|{{sort|05|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984)|Anwar Ali]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi FC]]
|
|-
|04
|{{sort|05|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruivah Hormipam]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 April 2021|title=Kerala Blasters sign defender Hormipam Ruivah on three-year deal|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-sign-hormipam-ruivah|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408130233/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-sign-hormipam-ruivah|archive-date=8 April 2021|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Khelnow}}</ref>
|-
|03
|{{sort|03|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Samad Ali Mallick]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-samad-ali-mallick/|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC rope in full-back Samad Ali Mallick|date=15 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|03
|{{sort|03|GK}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} Devansh Dabas
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lonestar Kashmir F.C.|Lonestar Kashmir]]
|
|-
|15
|{{sort|15|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Pradhan]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|
|-
|7
|{{sort|7|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|BHU}} [[Chencho Gyeltshen]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chencho-gyeltshen-signs-for-kerala-blasters-indian-football-transfer-news/article36235675.ece|title=ISL 2021-22: Kerala Blasters FC signs Chencho Gyeltshen|website=Sportstar|date=September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{sort|10|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Baba Diawara]]
|
|
|-
|1
|{{sort|1|GK}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Kiran Chemjong]]
| {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Dhangadhi FC]]
|
|-
|8
|{{sort|8|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Souvik Das]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
|
|-
|19
|{{sort|19|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammed Irshad]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Northeast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CT2BJPWl4WQ/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CT2BJPWl4WQ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |url-access=registration|title=Highlanders, Welcome Irshad to the family|access-date=|website=Instagram (NorthEast United)|date=15 September 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jiten Murmu]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Madan Maharaj FC|Madan Maharaj]]
|
|-
|
|{{sort||FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhinas Ruidas]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Madan Maharaj FC|Madan Maharaj]]
|
|-
|}

== Real Kashmir ==
=== Transfers in ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
|-
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:200px;"| From
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Bhupender Singh
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|Loan
|
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Niraj Kumar
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|Loan
|
|-
| 2 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|None
|
|-
| 2 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Surchandra Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|None
|
|-
| 19 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Fran González (footballer, born 1989)|Fran Gonzalez]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|None
|
|-
| 21 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mir Zahid
| style="text-align:left;"|Academy
|None
|
|-
| 22 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Malemngamba Meitei]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United]]
|None
|
|-
| 24 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Aaqib Amin
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Tiago Adan]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Retrô Futebol Clube Brasil|Retrô]]
|None
|
|-
| 27 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Prakash Sarkar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|None
|
|-
| 28 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Thomyo Shimray
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
| 28 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Lalchhawnkima]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
| 29 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Pratesh Shirodkar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|None
|
|-
| 31 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Saikat Sarkar
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rainbow A.C]]
|None
|
|-
| 1 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bilal Khan (footballer)|Bilal Khan]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 5 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| CB
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Koushik Sarkar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Peerless FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 1 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Subham Roy
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 10 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| CB
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Ponif Vaz]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Northeast United FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 10 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Rishik Shetty
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
| 11 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bawlte Rohmingthanga]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl F.C.]]
|None
|
|-
| 15 November 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Ragav Gupta
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lonestar Kashmir]]
|None
|
|-
| 25 December 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|KOR}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Park Jong-oh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Trat F.C.|Trat]]
|None
|
|-
| 1 March 2022
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|CIV}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bernard Yao Kouassi]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
|}

===Transfers out===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
|-
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:200px;"| To
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 1 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Zohib Islam Amiri]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[A.S. Blainville]]
| Released
|
|-
| 11 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mithun Samanta
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://firstsportz.com/mohammedan-sc-rope-in-goalkeeper-mithun-samanta/|title=Mohammedan SC rope in goalkeeper Mithun Samanta from Real Kashmir FC » FirstSportz|date=12 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 25 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Danish Farooq Bhat]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/sports-games/1665410-bengaluru-fc-rope-in-kashmiri-frontman-farooq?amp|title = Bengaluru FC rope in Kashmiri frontman Farooq}}</ref>
|-
| 18 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Bijay Chetri
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| Released
|
|-
| 23 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1995)|Pawan Kumar]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gokulam-kerala-signs-real-kashmir-defender-pawan-kumar-i-league/article36060592.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala signs Real Kashmir defender Pawan Kumar|date=23 August 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 1 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|CMR}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| Released
|
|-
| 2 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
| Released
|<ref>https://www.dtnext.in/News/Sports/2021/09/05085923/1316182/Dharmaraj-Ravanan-hopes-to-have-a-fruitful-spell-at-.vpf" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002040937/https://www.dtnext.in/News/Sports/2021/09/05085923/1316182/Dharmaraj-Ravanan-hopes-to-have-a-fruitful-spell-at-.vpf |date=2021-10-02 }}</ref>
|-
| 2 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Arun Nagial
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC]]
| Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zillizsng.in/zsng-english/kufc-have-signed-former-real-kashmir-fc-defender-arun-nagial-for-two-years/|title = KUFC have signed former Real Kashmir FC Defender Arun Nagial for two years. » ZilliZsng| work=ZilliZ Sports & Games |date = 16 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|NGA}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Lukman Adefemi]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
| Released
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Arjun Naghial
| style="text-align:left;"|
| Released
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Anuj Kumar
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Shahnawaz Bashir
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderiya Sports]]
| Released
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Rohit Jhamat
| style="text-align:left;"|
| Released
|
|-
| 26 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Ifham Tariq Mir
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderiya Sports]]
| Released
|
|-
|}

== NEROCA ==
=== Transfers in ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:120px;"| Date
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:200px;"| From
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 16 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Jonathan Cardozo
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa Reserves]]
|None
|
|-
| 22 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Vicky Meitei]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
|None
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/17997-i-league-2021--neroca-sign-khaidem-vicky-meitei-from-local-rivals-trau|title=Neroca Sign Khaidem Vicky Meitei from local rivals TRAU.|date=22 June 2021|publisher=The Fan Garage}}</ref>
|-
| 23 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mohammad Abdul salam
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
|None
|
|-
| 23 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Prateek Kumar Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]]
|None
|
|-
| 23 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Pukhrambam Manisana
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 7 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Hrishikesh Namboothiri
| style="text-align:left;"| Delhi Trials
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/german-football-academys-hrishikesh-namboothiri-signs-for-neroca-fc/|title=German Football Academy's Hrishikesh Namboothiri signs for NEROCA FC!|date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 7 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Madan Saiprasad Ghogale
| style="text-align:left;"| Delhi Trials
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/tag/madan-saiprasad-ghogale/|title = Madan Saiprasad Ghogale Archives}}</ref>
|-
| 7 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Ayush Kumar Singh
| style="text-align:left;"| Delhi Trials
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/neroca-fc-announce-the-signing-of-three-youngsters/|title = NEROCA FC announce the signing of three youngsters!|date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 8 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Juan Mera (footballer)|Juan Mera]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[CD Lealtad|Lealtad]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/neroca-fc-announce-the-signing-of-midfielder-juan-mera/|title = NEROCA FC announce the signing of midfielder Juan Mera!|date = 9 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 15 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|LBN}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Mohamad Kdouh (footballer, born 1993)|Mohamad Kdouh]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Racing Club Beirut|Racing Beirut]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web| last1=Daniel | first1=Chris Punnakkattu |url=https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2021/08/16/neroca-fc-announce-the-signing-of-lebanon-striker-mohamad-kdouh/|title = NEROCA FC announce the signing of Lebanon striker Mohamad Kdouh| work=The Blog » CPD Football by Chris Punnakkattu Daniel |date = 16 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 24 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Nikhil Sharan
| style="text-align:left;"| Chennai Trials
|None
|<ref name="arunfoot.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/neroca-fc-announce-the-signing-of-two-youngsters-from-chennai-trials/|title = NEROCA FC announce the signing of two youngsters from Chennai trials!|date = 25 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 25 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Inban Udhyanidhi
| style="text-align:left;"| Chennai Trials
|None
|<ref name="arunfoot.com"/>
|-
| 26 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Lallenmang Sitihou
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sagolband United]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/neroca-fc-announce-the-signing-of-defender-lallenmang-sitlhou/|title=NEROCA FC announce the signing of defender Lallenmang Sitlhou!|date=29 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 26 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Danilo Quipapá]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Punjab F.C.|Punjab]]
|None
|
|-
| 27 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Gerrald Barretto
| style="text-align:left;"| Chennai Trials
|None
|
|-
| 29 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sergio Mendigutxia]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marino de Luanco]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-neroca-fc-sign-sergio-mendigutxia/|title = NEROCA FC sign ex-Athletic Bilbao forward Sergio Mendigutxia|date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 31 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Shubham Dhas
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/neroca-fc-sign-young-goalkeeper-shubham-dhas/|title = NEROCA FC sign young goalkeeper Shubham Dhas!|date = September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Loans in===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:200px;"| From
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:110px;"| Date until
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 28 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Sweden Fernandes
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
|None
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Sweden Fernandes to join NEROCA FC on loan|url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2021/announcement/sweden-fernandes-to-join-neroca-fc-on-loan/|access-date=3 July 2021|website=Hyderabad FC|date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=Official✅ Neroca FC completed the signing of Hyderabad FC winger Sweden Fernandes for a season-long loan.|number=1411309601916559361|accessdate=3 July 2021|user=NerocaFC|date=3 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Transfers out===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:120px;"| Date
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:200px;"| To
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#FDB913; color:#231F20; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 3 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Takhellambam Deepak
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|None
|<ref name="thefangarage.com"/>
|-
| 5 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Khanngnam Horam
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
|None
|
|-
| 16 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Shoaib Akhtar
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|None
|<ref name="Kumar"/>
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Akbar Khan
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|None
|
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|LBR}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Varney Kallon]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|None
|
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|TRI}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Nathaniel Garcia]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|None
|
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|TRI}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Judah Garcia]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[AEK Athens B F.C.|AEK Athens B]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsday.co.tt/2021/08/03/judah-garcia-joins-brother-levi-at-aek-athens-in-greece/|title = Judah Garcia joins brother Levi at AEK Athens in Greece|date = 3 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|NEP}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Prakash Budhathoki]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Friends Club]]
|
|-
| 1 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"|Loitongbam Bishorjit Singh
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kenkre FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 7 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Songpu Singsit]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2021|title=SC East Bengal Sign Promising Winger Songpu Singsit|url=https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/sc-east-bengal-sign-promising-winger-songpu-singsit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907114621/https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/sc-east-bengal-sign-promising-winger-songpu-singsit |url-status=usurped |archive-date=7 September 2021 |website=sceastbengal|access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

== TRAU ==
=== Transfers in ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
|-
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:200px;"| From
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 27 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Bikash singh sagolshem
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal (R)]]
|None
|
|-
| 2 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Joysana Nongthombam
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin FC B]]
|None
|
|-
| 5 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Khanngnam Horam
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 9 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Buanthanglun Samte
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[ATK Reserves and Academy|ATK Reserves]]
|None
|
|-
| 10 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Timothy Haokip
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[ATK Reserves and Academy|ATK Reserves]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/trau-fc-sign-talented-midfielder-timothy-haokip/|title=TRAU FC sign talented midfielder Timothy Haokip!|date=10 July 2021|access-date=11 July 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711102731/https://www.arunfoot.com/trau-fc-sign-talented-midfielder-timothy-haokip/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 23 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Roshan Singh
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 3 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mohamemed Sarif Khan
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin FC B]]
|None
|
|-
| 23 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Clinton Khuman
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal (R)]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/trau-fc-announce-signing-of-youngster-clinton-khuman/|title=TRAU FC announce signing of youngster Clinton Khuman!|date=23 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 29 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Manash Protim Gogoi
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|None
|
|-
| 29 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|UZB}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Akobir Turaev
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Eskhata Khujand]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/trau-fc-sign-uzbekistan-striker-akobir-turaev/|title = TRAU FC sign Uzbekistan striker Akobir Turaev!|date = 31 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 23 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Manas Dubey
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
|Loan
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Goalkeeper Manas Dubey joins TRAU FC on loan|url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2021/announcement/goalkeeper-manas-dubey-joins-trau-fc-on-loan/|access-date=22 September 2021|website=Hyderabad FC|date=22 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Transfers out===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
|-
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:200px;"| To
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:110px;"| Fee
! style="background:#F7F408; color:#00A050; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 22 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Vicky Meitei]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA FC]]
| Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/17997-i-league-2021--neroca-sign-khaidem-vicky-meitei-from-local-rivals-trau|title=I League 2021 NEROCA Sign Khaidem Vicky Meitei From Local Rivals TRAU | The Fan Garage (TFG)|date=22 June 2021|website=thefangarage.com|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182055/https://thefangarage.com/articles/17997-i-league-2021--neroca-sign-khaidem-vicky-meitei-from-local-rivals-trau|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 23 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mohammad Abdul Salam
| style="text-align:left;"| [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 27 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Khundongbam Krishnanda
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| None
|<ref>https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-sign-krishnananda-singh/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702141817/https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-sign-krishnananda-singh |date=2 July 2021 }}"</ref>
|-
| 29 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Soraisham Dinesh Singh
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 30 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Chanso Horam]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| Loan Spell Ends
|
|-
| 28 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bidyashagar Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bengaluru FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/Jul/28/bengaluru-fc-bolster-attacking-options-by-signing-bidyashagar-singh-on-three-year-deal-2336755.html|title = Bengaluru FC bolster attacking options by signing Bidyashagar Singh on three-year deal - the New Indian Express| date=2 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 3 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|TJK}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Komron Tursunov]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TJK}} [[FK Khujand]]
| None
|
|-
| 29 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Shahbaaz Khan
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 6 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Mayosing Khongreiwa
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/sreenidi-deccan-fc-sign-striker-mayosing-khongreiwoshi/|title = Sreenidi Deccan FC sign striker Mayosing Khongreiwoshi!|date = 3 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 8 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Konsam Phalguni Singh|Phalguni Konsam]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sreenidhi FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-phalguni-konsam/|title=Sreenidhi Deccan rope in former TRAU FC midfielder Phalguni Singh|date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Aizawl==
===In===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Previous club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|23
|MF
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Matías Verón]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Guadix CF]]
|3 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/aizawl-fc-announce-the-return-of-argentina-midfielder-matias-veron/|title = Aizawl FC announce the return of Argentina midfielder Matias Veron!|date = 4 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|9
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalliansanga]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
|3 September 2021
|
|-
|
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[R.Lalthanmawia]]
|
|6 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/aizawl-fc-announce-the-signing-of-striker-r-lalthanmawia/|title = Aizawl FC announce the signing of striker R. Lalthanmawia!|date = 6 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Loans in===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:200px;"| From
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:110px;"| Date until
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 21 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;"| Anuj Kumar
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC]]
|31 May 2022
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Goalkeeper Anuj Kumar joins Aizawl FC on loan|url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2021/announcement/goalkeeper-anuj-kumar-joins-aizawl-fc-on-loan/|access-date=30 August 2021|website=Hyderabad FC|date=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=Anuj Kumar will be joining us on a season long-loan deal from @HydFCOfficial. Welcome Anuj|number=1429047073077268489|access-date=30 August 2021|user=AizawlFC|date=21 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Out===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|To
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|21
|GK
|[[Zothanmawia]]
|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|26 July 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-mohammedan-sc-sign-zothanmawia/|title = Mohammedan SC sign former Aizawl FC goalkeeper Zothanmawia|date = 26 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|FW
|[[Mc Malsawmzuala]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}}[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|31 July 2021
|<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-fc-sign-mc-malsawmzuala/|title=I-League debutants Sreenidhi Deccan FC sign MC Malsawmzuala|date=31 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|DF
|[[Lalchungnunga]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}}[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|10 August 2021
|<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-lalchungnunga/|title = I-League entrants Sreenidhi Deccan FC rope in defender Lalchungnunga|date = 27 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|4
|DF
|[[PC Laldinpuia]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|25 August 2021
|<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/aug/24/jamshedpur-fc-rope-in-mizoram-defender-pc-laldinpuia-2349140.html| title = Jamshedpur FC rope in Mizoram defender PC Laldinpuia- The New Indian Express| date = 24 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|6
|DF
|[[Vanlalzuidika Chhakchhuak]]
|[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
|1 September 2021
|
|-
|
|DF
|[[Lalmawizuala]]
|[[Delhi FC]]
|1 September 2021
|
|-
|22
|FW
|[[David Lalthansanga]]
|Forward FC
|1 September 2021
|
|-
|15
|FW
|[[Bawlte Rohmingthanga]]
|[[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
|11 November 2021
|
|-
|}

===Loans Out===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:120px;"| Date from
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Position
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:50px;"| Nationality
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:150px;"| Name
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:200px;"| to
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:110px;"| Date until
! style="background:#d50000; color:#231F20; width:25px;"| Ref.
|-
| 21 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| {{flagicon|LBR}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Alfred Jaryan]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|
|
|-
|}

==Sreenidi Deccan==
===Transfers in===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Entry date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Previous club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|18 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Ubaid CK]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-signings-rakshit-dagar-sudeva-delhi-fc-sreenidhi-gokulam-kerala-sports-news-football/article35235243.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala signs Rakshit Dagar|date=9 July 2021 }}</ref><ref name="sportstar.thehindu.com"/>
|-
|25 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Dinesh Singh (footballer)|Dinesh Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/sreenidhi-fc-announce-signing-of-defender-dinesh-singh/|title = Sreenidhi FC announce signing of defender Dinesh Singh!|date = 26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|30 June 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Mayakkannan]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref name="aaveshamclub.com"/>
|-
|4 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
| None
|<ref name="blog.cpdfootball.de"/>
|-
|10 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Lalromawia]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite web|url = https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-lalromawia/"|title = Sreenidhi Deccan FC announce signing of midfielder Lalromawia|date = 10 July 2021}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
|-
|10 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Lalromawia]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceF"/>
|-
|15 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Samad Ali Mallick]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Academy FC|Punjab FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-samad-ali-mallick/%22|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC rope in full-back Samad Ali Mallick|date=15 July 2021|access-date=24 May 2022|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715101706/https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-samad-ali-mallick|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|21 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Shibil Muhammed]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
| <ref name="thejasnews.com"/>
|-
|27 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Suraj Rawat]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]
| None
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-midfielder-suraj-rawat/|title = I-League new entrants Sreenidhi Deccan FC sign midfielder Suraj Rawat|date = 27 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|31 July 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Mc Malsawmzuala]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl F.C.]]
| None
| <ref name="ReferenceD"/>
|-
|4 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Fredsan Marshall]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
| None
|
|-
|7 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| Shahbaaz Khan
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| None
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-shahabaaz-khan/|title = Sreenidhi Deccan FC announce arrival of defender Shahabaaz Khan|date = 9 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|10 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Lalchungnunga]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl F.C.]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
|-
|13 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| Vanlalbiaa Chhangte
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]
| None
|
|-
|18 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| Bijay Chetri
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| None
|
|-
|22 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Girik Khosla]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/sreenidi-deccan-fc-sign-striker-girik-khosla/|title = Sreenidi Deccan FC sign striker Girik Khosla!|date = 22 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|26 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Arijit Bagui]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-sreenidhi-deccan-sign-arijit-bagui/|title=Sreenidhi Deccan FC complete signing of Arijit Bagui|date=5 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|30 August 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Sriram Boopathi]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2021/09/02/sreenidhi-deccan-fc-sign-midfielder-sriram-boopathi/|title = Sreenidhi Deccan FC sign midfielder Sriram Boopathi| work=The Blog » CPD Football by Chris Punnakkattu Daniel |date = 2 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|3 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| Mayosing Khongreiwoshi
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
|9 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Konsam Phalguni Singh|Phalguni Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
|15 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| CF
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Vineeth Kumar Velmurugan|Vineeth Kumar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]]
| None
|
|-
|20 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| CF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|COL}} [[Juan David Castañeda|David Castañeda]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Zakho FC|Zakho]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-sreenidhi-deccan-fc-sign-david-castaneda-munoz/|title = Sreenidhi Deccan sign Colombian forward David Castaneda Munoz|date = 20 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|28 September 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Mohamed Awal]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref name="khelnow.com"/>
|-
|13 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| Sunil Bathala
| style="text-align:left;"|Academy
| None
|
|-
|14 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| KP Rahul
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]
| None
|<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
|19 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"| Uma Sankar
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]]
| None
|
|-
|22 October 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"| Rosenberg Gabriel
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2021–22 I-League]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of 2021-22 I-League season roster changes}}

Buddhaghosa

2026-04-06T15:21:33Z

Aspireitacademy: stub

{{short description|Theravadin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher (c. 370–c. 450)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|name = Buddhaghosa
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|image =
|caption = Buddhaghosa with three copies of [[Visuddhimagga]], [[Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara]]
|alias =
|dharma name =
|birth_date = c. 370 CE
|birth_place = [[Bodh Gaya]]
|death_date = c. 450 CE
|death_place = [[Anuradhapura Kingdom]]
|nationality =
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|school = [[Theravada|Theravāda]]
|lineage =
|title =
|location =
|education = {{plainlist|
* [[Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya]]
}}
|teacher =
|reincarnation of =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|students =
|spouse =
|children =
}}
{{History of Sri Lanka}}
{{Theravada Buddhism}}

'''Buddhaghosa''' was a 5th-century [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] [[Theravada|Theravādin Buddhist]] commentator, translator, and [[Buddhist philosophy|philosopher]].<ref>{{Harv|Hinüber|1996|p=103}} is more specific, estimating dates for Buddhaghosa of 370–450 CE based on the Mahāvamsa and other sources. Following the Mahāvamsa, {{Harv|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxvi}} places Buddhaghosa's arrival as coming during the reign of King Mahanama, between 412 and 434 CE.</ref>{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=75}} He worked in the [[Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya|great monastery]] (''mahāvihāra'') at [[Anuradhapura|Anurādhapura]], [[Sri Lanka]] and saw himself as being part of the [[Vibhajyavāda]] school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese ''mahāvihāra''.<ref>Gethin, Rupert, Was Buddhaghosa a Theravādin? Buddhist Identity in the Pali Commentariesand Chronicles, 2012.</ref>

His best-known work is the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] commentaries on the [[Pāli Canon|scriptural canon of the Theravāda school]]. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravāda Buddhism this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of [[Dhyana in Buddhism|meditation]]."{{sfn|Shaw|2006|p=5}} The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravādin scriptures since at least the 12th century CE.<ref name="crosby837" />{{sfn|Gombrich|2012|p=51}}

Buddhaghosa is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravādin Buddhists as the most important philosopher and commentator of the Theravāda school.{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=75}}<ref name="v.Hinüber102" />

== Name ==
The name ''Buddhaghosa'' means "Voice of the Buddha" (''Buddha''+''ghosa'') in [[Pāli]],<ref name="PaliDic">[[Thomas William Rhys Davids|Rhys Davids]] & Stede, 1921-25, ''[https://archive.today/20121212082018/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.pali.1737171 Pali-English Dictionary]'', [[Pali Text Society]].</ref> the language in which Buddhaghosa composed. In Sanskrit, the name would be spelled Buddhaghoṣa (Devanagari बुद्धघोष), but there is no retroflex ṣ sound in Pali, and the name is not found in Sanskrit works.<ref name="sanskrit-dictionary" />

==Biography==
Limited reliable information is available about the life of Buddhaghōsa. Three primary sources of information exist: short prologues and epilogues attached to Buddhaghosa's works; details of his life recorded in the [[Cūḷavaṃsa|Cūlavamsa]], a Sri Lankan chronicle written in about the 13th century; and a later biographical work called the ''Buddhaghosuppatti''.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxviii}}{{sfn|Gray|1892|p=}} A few other sources discuss the life of Buddhaghosa, but do not appear to add any reliable material.<ref name="v.Hinüber102">{{Harv|Hinüber|1996|p=102}}</ref>

The biographical excerpts attached to works attributed to Buddhaghosa reveal relatively few details of his life, but were [[Presumption|presumably]] added at the time of his actual composition.<ref name="v.Hinüber102"/><ref>{{Harv|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxix}}</ref> Largely identical in form, these short excerpts describe Buddhaghosa as having come to [[Sri Lanka]] from India and settled in [[Anuradhapura]].{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxix-xxx}} Besides this information, they provide only short lists of teachers, supporters, and associates of Buddhaghosa, whose names are not generally to be found elsewhere for comparison.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxix-xxx}}

[[Culavamsa]], which is regarded as the second part of [[Mahavamsa]] and was written in around the thirteenth century, records that Buddhaghosa was born into a [[Brahmin]] family in the kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=75}} He is said to have been born near [[Bodh Gaya]], and to have been a master of the [[Vedas]], traveling through India engaging in philosophical debates.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxiv}} Only upon encountering a Buddhist monk named Revata was Buddhaghosa bested in debate, first being defeated in a dispute over the meaning of a Vedic doctrine and then being confounded by the presentation of a teaching from the [[abhidharma|Abhidhamma]].{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxiv}} Impressed, Buddhaghosa became a [[bhikkhu]] (Buddhist monk) and undertook the study of the [[Tripiṭaka|Tipiṭaka]] and its commentaries. On finding a text for which the commentary had been lost in India, Buddhaghosa determined to travel to Sri Lanka to study a Sinhala commentary that was believed to have been preserved.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxiv}}

In Sri Lanka, Buddhaghosa began to study what was apparently a very large volume of Sinhala commentarial texts that had been assembled and preserved by the monks of the [[Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya]].{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxii}} Buddhaghosa sought permission to synthesize the assembled Sinhala-language commentaries into a comprehensive single commentary composed in [[Pali]].{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxv}} Traditional accounts hold that the elder monks sought to first test Buddhaghosa's knowledge by assigning him the task of elaborating the doctrine regarding two verses of the [[sutra|suttas]]; Buddhaghosa replied by composing the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]''.{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=76}} His abilities were further tested when deities intervened and hid the text of his book, twice forcing him to recreate it from scratch.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxv}} When the three texts were found to completely summarize all of the [[Pāli Canon|Tipiṭaka]] and match in every respect, the monks acceded to his request and provided Buddhaghosa with the full body of their commentaries.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxv}}

Buddhaghosa went on to write commentaries on most of the other major books of the Pali Canon, with his works becoming the definitive Theravadin interpretation of the scriptures.{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=75}} Having synthesized or translated the whole of the Sinhala commentary preserved at the Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya, Buddhaghosa reportedly returned to India, making a pilgrimage to [[Bodh Gaya]] to pay his respects to the [[Bodhi Tree]].{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxv}}

The details of the Mahavamsa account cannot readily be verified; while it is generally regarded by Western scholars as having been embellished with legendary events (such as the hiding of Buddhaghosa's text by the gods), in the absence of contradictory evidence it is assumed to be generally accurate.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxv}} While the Mahavamsa claims that Buddhaghosa was born in northern India near Bodh Gaya, the epilogues to his commentaries make reference to only one location in India as being a place of at least temporary residence: [[Kanchipuram|Kanci]] in southern India.<ref name="v.Hinüber102"/> Some scholars thus conclude (among them Oskar von Hinüber and [[Polwatte Buddhadatta Thera]]) that Buddhaghosa was actually born in [[Amaravati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/amaravati-to-retain-its-slice-of-history/articleshow/51901132.cms|title=Amaravati to retain its slice of history | Hyderabad News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 April 2016 }}</ref> and was relocated in later biographies to give him closer ties to the region of the Buddha.<ref name="v.Hinüber102"/>

The ''Buddhaghosuppatti'', a later biographical text, is generally regarded by Western scholars as being legend rather than history.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxix}} It adds to the Mahavamsa tale certain details, such as the identity of Buddhaghosa's parents and his village, as well as several dramatic episodes, such as the conversion of Buddhaghosa's father and Buddhaghosa's role in deciding a legal case.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxvii-xxxviii}} It also explains the eventual loss of the Sinhala originals that Buddhaghosa worked from in creating his Pali commentaries by claiming that Buddhaghosa collected and burnt the original manuscripts once his work was completed.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxviii}}

==Commentarial style==
Buddhaghosa was reputedly responsible for an extensive project of synthesizing and translating a large body of ancient [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] commentaries on the [[Pāli Canon]]. His ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' (Pāli: Path of Purification) is a comprehensive manual of Theravada Buddhism that is still read and studied today.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stede|first=W.|title=''The Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosācariya'' by Henry Clarke Warren; Dharmananda Kosambi|journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|date=October 1951|issue=3/4|pages=210–211| volume=83 | doi=10.1017/S0035869X00104873|jstor=25222520|s2cid=162298602 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Stede|first=D. A. L.|title=''Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosācariya'' by Henry Clarke Warren; Dharmananda Kosambi|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|date=1953|volume=15|issue=2|page=415|jstor=608574|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00111346|s2cid=177287397 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Edgerton|first=Franklin|author-link=Franklin Edgerton|title=''Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosācariya'' by Henry Clarke Warren; Dharmananda Kosambi|journal=Philosophy East and West|date=January 1952|volume=1|issue=4|pages=84–85|jstor=1397003|doi=10.2307/1397003}}</ref> Maria Heim notes that, while Buddhaghosa worked by using older Sinhala commentarial tradition, he is also "the crafter of a new version of it that rendered the original version obsolete, for his work supplanted the Sinhala versions that are now lost to us".{{sfn|Heim|2013|p=7}}

===Writing style===
[[Nanamoli Bhikkhu|Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu]] writes that Buddhaghosa's work is "characterized by relentless accuracy, consistency, and fluency of erudition, and much dominated by formalism."<ref>Ñāṇamoli, 1999, Introduction p. xxxvii</ref> According to Richard Shankman, the Visuddhimagga is "meticulous and specific," in contrast to the Pali suttas, which "can be vague at times, without a lot of explanatory detail and open to various interpretations."{{sfn|Shankman|2008|p=54}}

===Method===
According to Maria Heim, Buddhaghosa is explicitly clear and systematic regarding his [[Hermeneutics|hermeneutical]] principles and [[Exegesis|exegetical]] strategies in his commentaries. He writes and theorizes on texts, [[genre]], registers of discourse, [[Reader-response criticism|reader response]], Buddhist knowledge and [[pedagogy]].{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=5-6}} Buddhaghosa considers each [[Tripiṭaka|Pitaka]] of the Buddhist canon a kind of method (''naya'') that requires different skills to interpret. One of his most important ideas about exegesis of the buddha's words (''[[buddhavacana]]'') is that these words are immeasurable, that is to say, there are innumerable ways and modes to teach and explain the Dhamma and likewise there are innumerable ways in which to receive these teachings.{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=9}} According to Heim, Buddhaghosa considered the ''dhamma'' to be "well-spoken [...] visible here and now, timeless,"{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=9}} visible meaning that the fruits of the path can be seen in the behavior of the noble ones, and that comprehending the ''dhamma'' is a transformative way of seeing, which has immediate impact.{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=13}} According to Heim, this idea of the transformative and immediate impact of the scriptures is "vital to Buddhaghosa's interpretative practice," concerned as he is with the immediate and transformative impact of the Buddha's words on his audiences, as attested in the suttas{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=14}}

Regarding his systematic thought, Maria Heim and [[Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad]] see Buddhaghosa's use of [[Abhidharma|Abhidhamma]] as part of a phenomenological "contemplative structuring" which is expressed in his writings on Buddhist praxis.<ref name="Heim_Ram-Prasad">Heim, Ram-Prasad, In a Double Way: Nāma-rūpa in Buddhaghosa’s Phenomenology, Philosophy East and West, University of Hawai'i Press.</ref> They argue that "Buddhaghosa’s use of [[Namarupa|''nāma-rūpa'']] should be seen as the analytic by which he understands how experience is undergone, and not his account of how some reality is structured."<ref name="Heim_Ram-Prasad" />

===Yogacara influences===
Some scholars have argued that Buddhaghosa's writing evinces a strong but unacknowledged [[Yogācāra]] Buddhist influence, which subsequently came to characterize Theravada thought in the wake of his profound influence on the Theravada tradition.<ref>''Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogācāra Buddhism'' by Dan Lusthaus. RoutledgeCurzom: 2002 {{ISBN|0700711864}} pg 106 n 30</ref> According to [[David Kalupahana|Kalupahana]], Buddhaghosa was influenced by Mahayana-thought, which were subtly mixed with Theravada orthodoxy to introduce new ideas. According to Kalupahana, this eventually led to the flowering of metaphysical tendencies, in contrast to the original stress on [[anatta|anattā]] in early Buddhism.{{sfn|Kalupahana|1994}} According to Jonardon Ganeri, though Buddhaghosa may have been influenced by [[Yogachara|Yogacara]] ''Vijñānavāda,'' "the influence consists not in endorsement but in creative engagement and refutation."<ref>Ganeri, 2018, 32.</ref>

===Theory of consciousness===
The philosopher [[Jonardon Ganeri]] has called attention to Buddhaghosa's theory of the nature of consciousness and attention. Ganeri calls Buddhaghosa's approach a kind of "attentionalism", which places primacy on the faculty of [[attention]] in explaining activities of thought and mind and is against [[representationalism]].<ref name=":0">Ganeri, 2018, 31.</ref> Ganeri also states that Buddhaghosa's treatment of cognition "anticipates the concept of [[working memory]], the idea of mind as a global workplace, subliminal orienting, and the thesis that [[visual processing]] occurs at three levels."<ref name=":0" /> Ganeri also states:
{{quote|Buddhaghosa is unlike nearly every other Buddhist philosopher in that he discusses episodic memory and knows it as a reliving of experience from one’s personal past; but he blocks any reduction of the phenomenology of temporal experience to the representation of oneself as in the past. The alternative claim that episodic memory is a phenomenon of attention is one he develops with greater sophistication than has been done elsewhere.<ref name=":0" />}}

Ganeri sees Buddhaghosa's work as being free from a [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)#Views|mediational picture of the mind]] and also free of the [[Wilfrid Sellars|Myth of the Given]], two views he sees as having been introduced by the Indian philosopher [[Dignāga]].<ref>Ganeri, 2018, 34.</ref>

===Meditation===
{{See also|Vipassanā|Vipassana movement}}

The ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'''s doctrine reflects [[Theravāda Abhidhamma|Theravada Abhidhamma]] scholasticism, which includes several innovations and interpretations not found in the earliest discourses (''suttas'') of the Buddha.<ref>Kalupahana, David J. (1994), A history of Buddhist philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Sujato|first=Bhante|author-link=Bhante Sujato|title=A History of Mindfulness|publisher=Santipada|year=2012|url=http://santifm.org/santipada/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/A_History_of_Mindfulness_Bhikkhu_Sujato.pdf|isbn=9781921842108|page=329}}</ref> Buddhaghosa's ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' includes non-canonical instructions on Theravada [[Buddhist meditation|meditation]], such as "ways of guarding the mental image (nimitta)," which point to later developments in Theravada meditation.{{sfn|Shaw|2006|p=5}} According to [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]], "the Visuddhimagga uses a very different paradigm for concentration from what you find in the Canon."{{sfn|Shankman|2008|p=117}}

[[Bhante Henepola Gunaratana]] also notes that what "the suttas say is not the same as what the Visuddhimagga says [...] they are actually different," leading to a divergence between a [traditional] scholarly understanding and a practical understanding based on meditative experience.{{sfn|Shankman|2008|p=136}} Gunaratana further notes that Buddhaghosa invented several key meditation terms which are not to be found in the suttas, such as "''parikamma samadhi'' (preparatory concentration), ''upacara samadhi'' (access concentration), ''appanasamadhi'' (absorption concentration)."{{sfn|Shankman|2008|p=137}} Gunaratana also notes that the Buddhaghosa's emphasis on ''[[Kammaṭṭhāna#Kasiṇas as kammaṭṭhāna|kasina]]''-meditation is not to be found in the suttas, where ''dhyana'' is always combined with mindfulness.{{sfn|Shankman|2008|p=137-138}}{{refn|group=note|See also Bronkhorst (1993), ''Two Traditions of Meditation in ancient India''; Wynne (2007), ''The Origin of Buddhist Meditation''; and Polak (2011), ''Reexaming Jhana''}}

[[Bhikkhu Sujato]] has argued that certain views regarding [[Buddhist meditation]] expounded in the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' are a "distortion of the Suttas" since it denies the necessity of [[Dhyāna in Buddhism|jhana]].<ref>{{citation|last=Sujato|first=Bhante|author-link=Bhante Sujato|title=A History of Mindfulness|publisher=Santipada|year=2012|url=http://santifm.org/santipada/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/A_History_of_Mindfulness_Bhikkhu_Sujato.pdf|isbn=9781921842108|page=332}}</ref>

The Australian monk Shravasti Dhammika is also critical of contemporary practice based on this work.<ref name="brokenbuddha2" /> He concludes that Buddhaghosa did not believe that following the practice set forth in the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' will really lead him to Nirvana, basing himself on the postscript ([[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]]) to the text which states the author hopes to be reborn in heaven and wait until Metteyya ([[Maitreya]]) appears to teach the Dharma.<ref name="brokenbuddha2">[http://www.buddhistische-gesellschaft-berlin.de/downloads/brokenbuddhanew.pdf The Broken Buddha] by S. Dhammika, see p.13 of 80</ref>{{refn|Devotion to Metteya was common in South Asia from early in the Buddhist era, and is believed to have been particularly popular during Buddhaghosa's era.{{sfn|Sponberg|2004|p=737–738}}<ref name=brit_maitreya>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358868/Maitreya#toc358868main |title=Maitreya (Buddhism) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=2009-01-28}}</ref>|group=note}} However, according to the Burmese scholar Venerable Pandita, the colophon to the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'' is not by Buddhaghosa.<ref>Ven. Pandita (2018). ''The Authorship of the Vinaya and Abhidhamma Commentaries: A Response to von Hinüber.'' Journal of Buddhist ethics 25:269-332. University of Kelaniya.</ref>

According to Sarah Shaw, "it is unlikely that the meditative tradition could have survived in such a healthy way, if at all, without his detailed lists and exhaustive guidance."{{sfn|Shaw|2006|p=5}} Yet, according to Buswell, by the 10th century ''vipassana'' was no longer practiced in the Theravada tradition, due to the belief that Buddhism had degenerated, and that liberation was no longer attainable until the coming of ''Maitreya''.{{sfn|Buswell|2004|p=889}} It was re-introduced in Myanmar (Burma) in the 18th century by [[Medawi]] (1728–1816), leading to the rise of the [[Vipassana movement]] in the 20th century, re-inventing ''vipassana''-meditation and developing simplified meditation techniques, based on the ''[[Satipatthana sutta]]'', the ''[[Visuddhimagga]]'', and other previous texts, emphasizing ''[[satipatthana]]'' and bare insight.{{sfn|Buswell|2004|p=890}}{{sfn|McMahan|2008|p=189}}

== Attributed works ==
The [[Mahavamsa]] ascribes a great many books to Buddhaghosa, some of which are believed not to have been his work, but composed later and attributed to him.<ref>{{Harv|Hinüber|1996|p=103}}</ref> Below is a listing of the fourteen commentaries ([[Atthakatha|''Aṭṭhakathā'']]) on the Pāli Canon traditionally ascribed to Buddhaghosa<ref>Table based on {{Harv|Bullitt|2002}} For translations see [[Atthakatha]]</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"

|- style="background:black;"
! colspan="3" | Tipitaka
! | Buddhaghosa's commentary



|- style="background:#ADFF2F; color:black"
| rowspan="2" | ''from the [[Vinaya Pitaka]]''
| colspan="2" | '''Vinaya''' (''general'')
| [[Samantapasadika]]
|- style="background:#ADFF2F; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Patimokkha]]''' || Kankhavitarani

|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| rowspan="8" | ''from the [[Sutta Pitaka]]''
| colspan="2" | '''[[Digha Nikaya]]'''
| Sumangalavilasini
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Majjhima Nikaya]]'''
| [[Papañcasūdanī]]
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Samyutta Nikaya]]'''
| Saratthappakasini
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Anguttara Nikaya]]'''
| [[Manorathapūraṇī]]
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| rowspan="4" | ''from the [[Khuddaka Nikaya]]''
| '''[[Khuddakapatha]]''' || Paramatthajotika (I)
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| '''[[Dhammapada]]''' || [[Dhammapadaṭṭhakathā]]
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| '''[[Sutta Nipata]]'''
| Paramatthajotika (II), Suttanipata-atthakatha
|- style="background:gold; color:black;"
| '''[[Jataka]]'''
| Jatakatthavannana, [[Jātakaṭṭhakathā]]


|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| rowspan="7" | ''from the [[Abhidhamma Pitaka]]''
| colspan="2" | '''[[Dhammasangani]]''' || [[Atthasālinī]]
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Vibhanga]]''' || [[Sammohavinodani]]
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Dhatukatha]]'''
| rowspan="5" | Pañcappakaranatthakatha
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Puggalapannatti|Puggalapaññatti]]'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Kathavatthu]]'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Yamaka]]'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; color:black"
| colspan="2" | '''[[Patthana]]'''
|}

While traditional accounts list Buddhaghosa as the author of all of these works, some scholars hold that only the ''Visuddhimagga'' and the commentaries on the first four Nikayas as Buddhaghosa's work.<ref>For instance, regarding the Khuddha Nikaya commentaries, {{Harv|Hinüber|1996|pp=130–1}} writes:
:Neither Pj [''Paramatthajotikā''] I nor Pj II can be dated, not even in relation to each other, except that both presuppose Buddhaghosa. In spite of the 'Buddhaghosa colophon' added to both commentaries ... no immediate relation to Buddhaghosa can be recognized.... Both Ja [Jataka-atthavannana] and Dhp-a [Dhammapada-atthakatha] are traditionally ascribed to Buddhaghosa, an assumption which has been rightly questioned by modern research....</ref> Meanwhile, Maria Heim holds that Buddhaghosa is the author of the commentaries on the first four Nikayas, the [[Samantapasadika]], the Paramatthajotika, the Visuddhimagga and the three commentaries on the books of the Abhidhamma.{{sfn|Heim|2018|p=19}}

Maria Heim also notes that some scholars hold that Buddhaghosa was the head of a team of scholars and translators, and that this is not an unlikely scenario.{{sfn|Heim|2013|p=9}}

==Influence and legacy==

In the 12th century, the Sri Lankan (Sinhalese) monk [[Sāriputta Thera]] became the leading scholar of the Theravada following the reunification of the Sri Lankan (Sinhala) monastic community by King [[Parakramabahu I|Parakramabahu I]].<ref name="crosby837">{{Harv|Crosby|2004|p=837}}</ref> Sariputta incorporated many of the works of Buddhaghosa into his own interpretations.<ref name="crosby837"/> In subsequent years, many monks from Theravada traditions in Southeast Asia sought ordination or re-ordination in Sri Lanka because of the reputation of the Sri Lankan (Sinhala) Mahavihara lineage for doctrinal purity and scholarship.<ref name="crosby837"/> The result was the spread of the teachings of the [[Mahavihara]] tradition — and thus Buddhaghosa — throughout the Theravada world.<ref name="crosby837"/> Buddhaghosa's commentaries thereby became the standard method by which the Theravada scriptures were understood, establishing Buddhaghosa as the definitive interpreter of Theravada doctrine.{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=76}}

In later years, Buddhaghosa's fame and influence inspired various accolades. His life story was recorded, in an expanded and likely exaggerated form, in a Pali chronicle known as the ''Buddhaghosuppatti'', or "The Development of the Career of Buddhaghosa".{{sfn|Strong|2004|p=76}} Despite the general belief that he was Indian by birth, he later may have been claimed by the [[Mon people]] of [[Buddhism in Burma|Burma]] as an attempt to assert primacy over Sri Lanka in the development of Theravada tradition.<ref>{{Harv|Pranke|2004|p=574}}</ref> Other scholars believe that the Mon records refer to another figure, but whose name and personal history are much in the mold of the Indian Buddhaghosa.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxix}}

Finally, Buddhaghosa's works likely played a significant role in the revival and preservation of the [[Pali]] language as the scriptural language of the Theravada, and as a [[lingua franca]] in the exchange of ideas, texts, and scholars between Sri Lanka and the Theravada countries of mainland Southeast Asia. The development of new analyses of Theravada doctrine, both in Pali and Sinhala, seems to have dried up prior to Buddhaghosa's emergence in Sri Lanka.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxvii}} In India, new schools of Buddhist philosophy (such as the [[Mahayana]]) were emerging, many of them making use of classical [[Sanskrit]] both as a scriptural language and as a language of philosophical discourse.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxvii}} The monks of the Mahavihara may have attempted to counter the growth of such schools by re-emphasizing the study and composition in Pali, along with the study of previously disused secondary sources that may have vanished in India, as evidenced by the Mahavamsa.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxvii-xxviii}} Early indications of this resurgence in the use of Pali as a literary language may be visible in the composition of the [[Dipavamsa]] and the [[Vimuttimagga]], both dating to shortly before Buddhaghosa's arrival in Sri Lanka.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxviii}} The addition of Buddhaghosa's works — which combined the pedigree of the oldest Sinhala commentaries with the use of Pali, a language shared by all of the Theravada learning centers of the time — provided a significant boost to the revitalization of the Pali language and the Theravada intellectual tradition, possibly aiding the Theravada school in surviving the challenge to its position posed by emerging Buddhist schools of mainland India.{{sfn|Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli|1999|p=xxxix-x}}

According to Maria Heim, he is "one of the greatest minds in the history of Buddhism" and British philosopher [[Jonardon Ganeri]] considers Buddhaghosa "a true innovator, a pioneer, and a creative thinker."{{sfn|Heim|2013|p=4}}<ref>Ganeri, 2018, p. 30.</ref> Yet, according to [[Buddhadasa]], Buddhaghosa was influenced by Hindu thought, and the uncritical respect for the ''Visuddhimagga'' has even hindered the practice of authentic Buddhism.<ref>S. Payulpitack (1991), ''Buddhadasa and His Interpretation of Buddhism''</ref><ref>Buddhadasa, [https://www.dhammatalks.net/Books6/Bhikkhu_Buddhadasa_Paticcasamuppada.htm ''Paticcasamuppada: Practical Dependent Origination'']</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|35em}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=sanskrit-dictionary>{{cite web|url=http://sanskritdictionary.com/buddhagho%E1%B9%A3a/158493/1|title=Sanskrit Dictionary|access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref>
}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}

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* {{Citation|last=Bullitt|first=John T.|year=2002|title=Beyond the Tipitaka: A Field Guide to Post-canonical Pali Literature|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/fieldguide.html|access-date=2009-04-07|archive-date=2009-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509081756/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/fieldguide.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation | editor-last=Buswell | editor-first =Robert | year =2004 | title =Encyclopedia of Buddhism | publisher =MacMillan}}

* {{citation | last = Crosby | first = Kate | contribution = Theravada | year = 2004 | title = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism | editor-last = Buswell | editor-first = Robert E. Jr. | pages = 836–841 | place= USA | publisher = Macmillan Reference USA | isbn = 0-02-865910-4}}

* {{citation | last = Ganeri | first = Jonardon | year = 2018 | title = Attention, Not Self | publisher = Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gombrich |first1=Richard F. |title=Buddhist Precept & Practice |date=12 November 2012 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-136-15623-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqp4LuZQnHsC |language=en }}
* {{Citation|last1=Gray|first1=James, trans.|title=Buddhaghosuppatti or the Historical Romance of the Rise and Career of Buddhaghosa|date=1892|publisher=Luzac|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/buddhaghosuppat00graygoog}}

* {{citation | last = Heim | first = Maria | year = 2013 | title = The Forerunner of All Things: Buddhaghosa on Mind, Intention, and Agency | place= USA | publisher = OUP USA}}
* {{citation | last = Heim | first = Maria | year = 2018 | title = Voice of the Buddha: Buddhaghosa on the Immeasurable Words | publisher = Oxford University Press}}
* {{Citation|last=Hinüber|first=Oskar von|title=A Handbook of Pali Literature|year=1996|publisher=Munshiram Manoharal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|place=New Delhi|isbn=81-215-0778-2}}

* {{Citation | last =Kalupahana | first =David J. |author-link=David Kalupahana| year =1994 | title =A history of Buddhist philosophy | place =Delhi | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited}}

* {{Citation | last =McMahan | first =David L. | year =2008 | title =The Making of Buddhist Modernism | publisher =Oxford University Press | isbn =9780195183276}}

* {{citation | last = Pranke | first = Patrick A. | contribution = Myanmar | year = 2004 | title = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism | editor-last = Buswell | editor-first = Robert E. Jr. | pages = 574–577 | place= USA | publisher = Macmillan Reference USA | isbn = 0-02-865910-4}}

* Rogers, Henry Thomas, trans. (1870): [https://archive.org/details/cu31924077744054 Buddhaghosha's Parables] / translated from Burmese. With an Introduction, containing Buddha's Dhammapada, or "Path of Virtue" / transl. from Pâli by F. Max Müller, London: Trübner.

* {{Citation | last =Shankman | first =Richard | year =2008 | title =The Experience of Samadhi: An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation | publisher =Shambhala}}
* {{Citation | last =Shaw | first =Sarah | year =2006 | title =Buddhist Meditation: An Anthology of Texts from the Pali Canon | publisher =Routledge}}
* {{citation | last = Sponberg | first = Alan | contribution = Maitreya | year = 2004 | title = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism | editor-last = Buswell | editor-first = Robert E. Jr. | place= USA | publisher = Macmillan Reference USA | isbn = 0-02-865910-4}}
* {{citation | last = Strong | first = John |author-link=John S. Strong | contribution = Buddhaghosa | year = 2004 | title = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism | editor-last = Buswell | editor-first = Robert E. Jr. | page = 75 | place= USA | publisher = Macmillan Reference USA | isbn = 0-02-865910-4}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* Law, Bimala Charan (1923). [https://archive.org/details/lifeworkofbuddha00lawbuoft The life and work of Buddhaghosa], Calcutta, Thacker, Spink.
* Pe Maung Tin (1922). [https://archive.org/details/pathofpuritybein01budduoft The path of purity; being a translation of Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagg]. London, Published for the Pali Text Society by Oxford University Press.

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q335247|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|c=no|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Buddhaghosa|wikt=no}}
* {{ppn|b/buddhagosa.htm|Buddhaghosa}}

{{Indian philosophy}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

{{good article}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddhaghosa}}
[[Category:Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhist writers]]
[[Category:5th-century non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Indian Theravada Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan scholars of Buddhism]]
[[Category:Indian scholars of Buddhism]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:5th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Geji Ajahns]]

Thank You Dear

2026-03-28T15:45:32Z

Aspireitacademy: Adding Entry.

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu-language film by Thota Srikanth Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thank You Dear
| image = Thank You Dear.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Thota Srikanth Kumar
| writer = Thota Srikanth Kumar
| story =
| producer = Pappu Balaji Reddy
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Dhanush Raghumudri
* [[Hebah Patel]]
* Rekha Nirosha
}}
| cinematography = P. L. K. Reddy
| editing = Raghavender Pebbeti
| music = Subhash Anand
| studio = Mahalakshmi Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Thank You Dear''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Thota Srikanth Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Thank You Dear Review : థాంక్యూ డియర్ రివ్యూ.. సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే! |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/dhanush-raghumudri-hebah-patel-thank-you-dear-telugu-movie-review-sr-2864567.html |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=telugu.news18.com |language=te}}</ref> The film features Dhanush Raghumudri, [[Hebah Patel]] and Rekha Nirosha in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=హెబ్బా పటేల్ థాంక్యూ డియర్‌ మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ఎలా ఉందంటే? {{!}} Tollywood Movie Thank You Dear Review In Telugu {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/index.php/telugu-news/movies/tollywood-movie-thank-you-dear-review-telugu-2522564 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

The film was released on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2025-07-29 |title=Dhanush, Hebah's 'Thank You Dear' trailer release |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/dhanush-hebahs-thank-you-dear-trailer-release-992159 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=August 2025}}

== Cast ==
* Dhanush Raghumudri as Sathyam
* [[Hebah Patel]] as Priya
* Rekha Nirosha as Janaki "Jaanu"
* Chandu Pappu
* Vera Shankar
* Naga Mahesh
* [[Ravi Prakash]]
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]]
* Meena Kumari
* Prabhavathi
* Kommu Sujatha MS

== Music ==
The music is composed by Subhash Anand.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Chikkaka Chikkina Gumma
| length1 = 4:27
| lyrics1 = Pappu Balaji Reddy
| extra1 = Saicharan Bhaskaruni
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Thank You Dear'' was released on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=2025-07-30 |title=Thankyou Dear: బర్నింగ్ ఇష్యూ తో 'థ్యాంక్యూ డియర్' {{!}} Real star Srihari brother son Dhanush Thankyou Dear releasing on 1st August |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2025/tollywood/real-star-srihari-brother-son-dhanush-thankyou-dear-releasing-on-1st-august-65140.html |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref>

[[Zee News Telugu|''Zee News Telugu'']] rated it 2.75 out of 5 and appreciated the lead cast performances.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Thank You Dear Movie Review: హెబ్బా పటేల్ 'థాంక్యూ డియర్' రివ్యూ.. మూవీ ఎలా ఉందంటే..? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/flash-news/hebba-patel-thank-you-dear-movie-review-and-rating-239788 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> [[10TV]] gave a mixed review and rated it 2.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Telugu |first1=10TV |last2=Nill |first2=Saketh |date=2025-08-01 |title=థ్యాంక్యూ డియర్' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/hebah-patel-dhanush-raghumudri-rekha-nirosha-thank-you-dear-movie-review-and-rating-sy-974673.html |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te}}</ref> [[NTV (India)|NTV]] too gave the same rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-08-01 |title=Thank You Dear Review: "థాంక్యూ డియర్" రివ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/thank-you-dear-review-and-rating-837013.html |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|37376961}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 romance films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romance films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2020s romantic thriller films]]

KSK Mahanadi Power Project

2026-03-26T10:33:59Z

Aspireitacademy: expanded content

{{Short description|Thermal power plant in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}

The '''KSK Mahanadi Power Project''' is a coal-powered thermal power plant located in [[Chhattisgarh]], India. As of 2025, it is owned and operated by [[JSW Energy]].

==Project description==
The power plant is located at Nariyara village in [[Akaltara]] [[tehsil]] of [[Janjgir-Champa district]], in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The approved capacity of the plant is 3,600 MW (6×600 MW). The engineering, procurement, and construction contract was awarded to [[SEPCO]] of [[China]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ksk.co.in/opr-evl-tp.html |title=Operations - Thermal Power Plants |access-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021757/http://ksk.co.in/opr-evl-tp.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 }}</ref>

The company has long-term coal-supply arrangements with the Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation and the Goa Industrial Development Corporation from the Morga-II and Gare Pelma-II coal blocks, respectively. It has also been allocated tapering linkage arrangements with Coal India.<ref>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ksk-energy-commissions-600-mw-unit-i-of-mahanadi-project/article20616004.ece1 Unit-I commissioned in May 2013]</ref> However, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] judgment of 2014 on the [[coal scam]] case led to a cancellation of all allocations.

==Progress==
The project includes six units, at 600 MW each. Three of the six units have been commissioned so far.{{as of?|date=April 2023}}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Unit no. !! Generating capacity !! Commission date !! Status
|-
| 1 || 600 MW || May 2013 || Running<ref>{{cite web|author=V. Rishi Kumar |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ksk-energy-commissions-600mw-unit-i-of-mahanadi-project/article4732679.ece |title=KSK Energy commissions 600-MW unit I of Mahanadi project | Business Line |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date=20 May 2013 |access-date=6 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 600 MW || August 2014 ||Running<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksk.co.in/ThermalPP.php |title=KSK Energy Ventures Limited |publisher=Ksk.co.in |date=31 March 2016 |access-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922042716/http://www.ksk.co.in/ThermalPP.php |archive-date=22 September 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 600 MW || January 2018 || Running<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/strategic-buyer-pfc-seeks-buyers-for-project-by-ksk-energy-subsidiary/1151400/ |title=KSK MPCL commissions 3rd units of 600 MW; | publisher=financialexpress.com | date=31 January 2018 |access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 600 MW || ... || ...
|-
| 5 || 600 MW || ... || ...
|-
| 6 || 600 MW || ... || ...
|}

==Present status==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}

The company is facing major issues, and financial institutions have begun the process of finding a suitable buyer for the project. Apart from seeking investors, lenders also plan to change the management of a subsidiary that is implementing the raw water intake system for the project, and that of an associate developing the railway siding outside the plant boundary.

The company reported revenues of only Rs. 200 million (US$3 million) in the 2017 fiscal year, which is negligible if 1,200 MW of production capacity was operational during that year. The single reason for non-operation is the non-availability of coal. In 2014, the Supreme Court of India cancelled wholesale all coal allocations made since 1993 by the government of India, which has held a monopoly on coal mining since nationalization in the 1950s.

In 2025, KSK Mahanadi Power Limited, which previously operated the project, was acquired by the public energy company [[JSW Energy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=KSK Mahanadi Power Plant |url=https://www.jsw.in/energy/ksk-mahanadi-power-plant |website=jsw.in |access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal|Energy}}
{{Power Plants of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.961|82.415|display=title}}

[[Category:Janjgir-Champa district]]
[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2013]]

Mortar (weapon)

2026-03-25T21:35:58Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Artillery weapon that launches explosive projectiles}}
{{Refimprove|date=August 2023}}

[[File:M120 Mortar in Zabol Province, Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|[[United States Army]] soldiers firing an [[Soltam K6|M120]] mortar (round visible in smoke) during the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|war in Afghanistan]]]]
{{Cannon}}
A '''mortar''' today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, [[Muzzleloader|muzzle-loaded]] [[cannon]] consisting of a [[Smoothbore|smooth-bore]] (although some models use a [[Rifling|rifled barrel]]) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the [[recoil]]) with a lightweight [[bipod]] mount and a [[Sight (device)|sight]]. Mortars are typically used as [[indirect fire]] weapons for close [[fire support]] with a variety of ammunition. Historically, mortars were heavy [[Siege|siege artillery]]. Mortars launch explosive [[shell (projectile)|shells]] (technically called [[Bomb|bombs]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/mortar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009230638/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/mortar|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 9, 2019|title=mortar definition|work= Oxford Dictionary of English|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref> in high arching [[Projectile motion|ballistic trajectories]].

==History==
Mortars have been used for hundreds of years. The earliest reported use of mortars occurred in Korea in a 1413 naval battle: Korean gunsmiths developed the ''wan'gu'' (gourd-shaped mortar) (완구, 碗口).<ref name="Turnbull2002">{{cite book |author=Stephen Turnbull |title=Siege Weapons of the Far East (2): AD 960–1644 |year=2002 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-841-76340-8 |page=13}}</ref> The earliest version of the ''wan'gu'' dates back to 1407.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toys |url=http://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE009&cp_code=cp0208&index_id=cp02081231&content_id=cp020812310001&search_left_menu=|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010083756/http://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE009&cp_code=cp0208&index_id=cp02081231&content_id=cp020812310001&search_left_menu=|archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=19 November 2017 |website=Culturecontent.com}}</ref> [[Ch'oe Hae-san]] (1380–1443), the son of [[Ch'oe Mu-sŏn]] (1325–1395), is generally credited with inventing the ''wan'gu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=대완구 |url=http://data.kdata.kr/page/Daewangu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043147/http://data.kdata.kr/page/Daewangu |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=19 November 2017 |website=Data.kdata.kr}}</ref> During the [[Ming dynasty]], general [[Qi Jiguang]] (1528-1588) recorded the use of a mini-[[cannon]] called the ''[[hu dun pao]]'' that resembled a mortar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Needham |title=[[Science and Civilisation in China]]. Volume 5. Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Part 7. Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic |date=1987 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521303583 |page=313}}</ref>

The first use in [[Siege|siege warfare]] was at the [[Fall of Constantinople|1453 siege of Constantinople]] by [[Mehmed the Conqueror]]. An Italian account by [[Giovanni da Tagliacozzo]] of the [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|1456 siege of Belgrade]] states that the [[Ottoman Turks]] used seven mortars that fired "stone shots one [[Italian mile]] high".<ref name="Ágoston2005">{{cite book |author=Gábor Ágoston |title=Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84313-3 |page=68}}</ref> The time of flight of these was apparently long enough that casualties could be avoided by posting observers to give warning of their trajectories.<ref name="Babinger1992">{{cite book |author=Franz Babinger |title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time |year=1992 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01078-6 |page=140}}</ref>

[[File:Venetian siege of Acropolis.jpg|thumb|Engraving depicting the Venetian siege of the [[Acropolis of Athens]], September 1687. The trajectory of the shell that hit the Parthenon, causing its explosion, is marked.]]

Early mortars, such as the 15th-century [[Pumhart von Steyr]], were large and heavy and could not be easily transported. Simply made, these weapons originated as iron bowls reminiscent of the kitchen and apothecary [[Mortar and pestle|mortars]] whence they drew their name. (Some early sources refer to mortars as ''{{linktext | potgun}}s''.<ref>
{{oed | potgun}}
</ref>)
Mortars played a significant role in the [[Morean War | Venetian conquest of Morea]] (1684 to 1699), and in the course of this campaign an [[ammunition depot]] in the [[Parthenon]] was blown up in 1687. An early transportable mortar was invented by Baron [[Menno van Coehoorn]] in 1701.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Coehoorn, Menno, Baron van |volume=6 |page=640}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Duffy |first1=Christopher |title=The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great 1660–1789 |date=1985 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1138924644 |page=65 |edition=2017}}</ref> This mortar fired an exploding shell, which had a [[Fuse (explosives)|fuse]] that was lit by hot gases when fired. The [[Coehorn]] mortar quickly gained popularity and necessitated a new form of naval ship, the [[bomb vessel]]. An early use of more-mobile mortars as [[field artillery]] (rather than as [[siege artillery]]) was by British forces in the suppression of the [[Jacobite rising of 1719]] at the [[Battle of Glen Shiel]]. High-angle trajectory mortars held a great advantage over standard [[field gun]]s in the rough terrain of the [[West Highlands]] of [[Scotland]].

[[File:Virginia, Petersburg, Mortar Dictator - NARA - 533349.tif|thumb|left|[[US Army]] 13-inch mortar "Dictator" was a rail-mounted gun of the [[American Civil War]] of 1861 to 1865.]]

The mortar had fallen out of general use in Europe by the [[Napoleonic era]], although [[Manby Mortar]]s were widely used on the coast to launch lines to ships in distress. European interest in mortar weapons was not revived until the beginning of the 20th century. Mortars were heavily used by both sides during the [[American Civil War]] of 1861 to 1865. At the [[Siege of Vicksburg]] in 1863, General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] reported making mortars "by taking logs of the toughest wood that could be found, boring them out for {{cvt|6|or|12|lb|kg|order=flip|0}} shells and binding them with strong iron bands. These answered as [[Coehorn|Coehorns]], and shells were successfully thrown from them into the trenches of the enemy".<ref>''Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S Grant'', by Sam Grant, Kindle location 12783,</ref>

During the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904 to 1905, Lieutenant General [[Leonid Gobyato]] of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] applied the principles of [[indirect fire]] from closed firing-positions in the field; and with the collaboration of General [[Roman Kondratenko]], he designed the first mortar that fired navy shells.

[[Image:German 7.58 cm minenwerfer.jpg|thumb|German [[7.58 cm Minenwerfer|7.5 cm ''Minenwerfer'']]]]
'''''Trench mortar''''' was a term used during [[World War I]] to designate various short-range artillery weapons of different sizes. Their ranges were so short that they had to be fired directly from the frontline [[Trench warfare|trenches]], hence the name.{{sfn|Smith|1918|p=}} The [[German Army (German Empire)| Imperial German Army]] studied the 1904-1905 [[Siege of Port Arthur]], where heavy artillery had been unable to destroy defensive structures like [[barbed wire]] and [[Bunker|bunkers]]. Consequently, the Germans developed a short-barrelled rifled [[muzzle-loading]] mortar called the {{lang | de |[[Minenwerfer]]}} ("mine-thrower"). Heavily used during [[World War I]], the {{lang | de | Minenwerfer}} were made in three sizes: {{cvt|7.58|,|17|and|25|cm|in}}. The British invented the lightweight [[#Stokes mortar|Stokes mortar]].

==Types==
===Stokes mortar===
[[File:WilfredStokeswithMortar.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Wilfred Stokes]] with example of his WWI mortar and bombs]]

It was not until the [[Stokes mortar]] was devised by Sir [[Wilfred Stokes]] in 1915 during the First World War that the modern mortar transportable by one person was born. In the conditions of [[trench warfare]], there was a great need for a versatile and easily portable weapon that could be manned by troops under cover in the trenches. Stokes' design was initially rejected in June 1915 because it was unable to use existing stocks of British mortar ammunition, and it took the intervention of [[David Lloyd George]] (at that time [[Minister of Munitions]]) and Lieutenant Colonel J. C. Matheson of the Trench Warfare Supply Department (who reported to Lloyd George) to expedite manufacture of the Stokes mortar. The weapon proved to be extremely useful in the muddy trenches of the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], as a mortar round could be aimed to fall directly into [[trench]]es, where artillery shells, because of their low angle of flight, could not possibly go.<ref>[http://www.naval-military-press.com/FMPro?-db=nmp%5fproducts.fp5&-format=nmpweb%2fdetail.htm&-lay=cgi&-sortfield=date&Co=NMP&search=History%20of%20the%20Royal%20Regiment%20of%20Artillery.%20Western%20Front%201914-18&-max=20&-recid=35933&-token.0=3668698&-find= naval-military-press.com] {{dead link|date=November 2017}}</ref>
[[File:0 Vimy - Mortier de tranchée (2).JPG|thumb|Trench mortar used during the Battle of [[:en:Battle of Vimy Ridge|Battle of Vimy Ridge]].]]
The Stokes mortar was a simple muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smoothbore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight [[bipod]] mount. When a mortar bomb was dropped into the tube, an impact sensitive [[Percussion cap#Primers|primer]] in the base of the bomb would make contact with a [[firing pin]] at the base of the tube and detonate, firing the bomb towards the target. The Stokes mortar could fire as many as 25 bombs per minute and had a maximum range of {{cvt|800|yd|m|order=flip}}, firing the original cylindrical unstabilised projectile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/mortar/mort7.htm |title=Stokes Mortar - by WL Ruffell |access-date=2014-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115122833/http://www.riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/mortar/mort7.htm |archive-date=2015-01-15 }}</ref>

A modified version of the mortar, which fired a modern [[Vertical stabilizer|fin-stabilised]] streamlined [[projectile]] and had a [[Explosive booster|booster charge]] for longer range, was developed after World War I;<ref>Ruffell</ref> this was in effect a new weapon. By [[World War II]], it could fire as many as 30 bombs per minute and had a range of over {{cvt|2,500|yd|m|order=flip}} with some shell types.<ref>War Dept. Technical Manual TM9-2005, Volume 3, Ordnance Materiel – General, Page 17, December 1942</ref> The French developed an improved version of the Stokes mortar as the [[Brandt Mle 27/31|Brandt Mle 27]], further refined as the [[Brandt Mle 27/31|Brandt Mle 31]]; this design was widely copied with and without license.<ref name="Bishop2002">{{cite book|author=Chris Bishop|title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC&pg=PA202|year=2002|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-58663-762-0|page=202|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320071908/http://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC&pg=PA202|archive-date=2015-03-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Norris2002">{{cite book|author=John Norris|title=Infantry Mortars of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4Imr80itp0C&pg=PA42|year=2002|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84176-414-6|pages=42–43|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320035007/http://books.google.com/books?id=x4Imr80itp0C&pg=PA42|archive-date=2015-03-20|url-status=live}}</ref> These weapons were the prototypes for all subsequent light mortar developments around the world.

===Mortar carrier===
[[File:Karl6.jpg|thumb|left|The German 60 cm [[Karl-Gerät]] heavy siege mortar in August 1944]]
[[File:M113-mortar-carrier-id2008-5.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Interior of an [[Israeli Defence Force]] M113 mortar carrier showing the placement of an 81 mm mortar]]

[[Mortar carrier]]s are vehicles which carry a mortar as a primary weapon. Numerous vehicles have been used to mount mortars, from [[Technical (vehicle)|improvised civilian trucks]] used by [[Insurgency|insurgents]], to modified [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s, such as variants of the [[M3 half-track]] and [[M113 armored personnel carrier]], to vehicles specifically intended to carry a mortar. Simpler vehicles carry a standard infantry mortar while in more complex vehicles the mortar is fully integrated into the vehicle and cannot be dismounted from the vehicle. Mortar carriers cannot be fired while on the move, and some must be dismounted to fire.

There are numerous [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s and even [[main battle tank]]s that can be equipped with a mortar, either outside or inside of the cabin. The Israeli [[Merkava]] tank uses a {{convert|60|mm|abbr=on}} mortar as a secondary armament. The [[Russian Ground Forces|Russian army]] uses the ''[[2S4 Tyulpan]]'' self-propelled {{convert|240|mm|abbr=on}} heavy mortar which is one of the largest mortars in current use.

===Gun-mortars===
[[File:2B9 Vasilek mortar-4058.JPG|thumb|left|[[2B9 Vasilek|2B9 Vasilek 82 mm gun mortar]]]]

Gun-mortars are breech-loaded mortars usually equipped with a [[hydraulic recoil mechanism]], and sometimes equipped with an [[autoloader]]. They are usually mounted on an armoured vehicle and are capable of both [[direct fire]] and [[indirect fire]]. The archetypes are the [[Brandt Mle CM60A1]] and [[Brandt 60 mm LR Gun-mortar|Brandt 60 mm LR]], which combine features of modern infantry mortars together with those of modern cannon. Such weapons are most commonly smoothbore, firing fin-stabilised rounds, using relatively small propellant charges in comparison to projectile weight. While some have been fitted with rifled barrels, such as the [[2S31 Vena]] and [[2S9 Nona]]. They have short barrels in comparison to guns and are much more lightly built than guns of a similar calibre – all characteristics of infantry mortars. This produces a hybrid weapon capable of engaging area targets with indirect high-angle fire, and also specific targets such as vehicles and bunkers with direct fire. Such hybrids are much heavier and more complicated than infantry mortars, superior to [[rocket-propelled grenade]]s in the anti-armour and [[Bunker buster|bunker-busting]] role, but have a reduced range compared to modern gun-[[howitzer]]s and inferior anti-tank capability compared to modern anti-tank [[Precision-guided munition|guided weapons]]. However, they do have a niche in, for example, providing a multi-role anti-personnel, anti-armour capability in light mobile formations. Such systems, like the Soviet {{cvt|120|mm|in}} [[2S9 Nona]], are mostly self-propelled (although a towed variant exists). The [[AMOS]] (Advanced Mortar System) is an example of an even more advanced gun mortar system. It uses a 120 mm automatic twin-barrelled, breech-loaded mortar turret, which can be mounted on a variety of armoured vehicles and attack boats. A modern example of a gun-mortar is the [[2B9 Vasilek]].

===Spigot mortar===

[[File:The Home Guard 1939-45 H12299.jpg|thumb|A Blacker Bombard during training]]

A spigot mortar consists mainly of a solid rod or [[Ductile iron pipe#Spigot and socket|spigot]], onto which a hollow tube in the projectile fits—inverting the normal tube-mortar arrangement. At the top of the tube in the projectile, a cavity contains [[propellant]], such as [[cordite]]. There is usually a trigger mechanism built into the base of the spigot, with a long firing pin running up the length of the spigot activating a [[Percussion cap|primer]] inside the projectile and firing the propellant charge. The advantage of a spigot mortar is that the firing unit (baseplate and spigot) is smaller and lighter than a conventional tube mortar of equivalent payload and range. It is also somewhat simpler to manufacture. Further, most spigot mortars have no barrel in the conventional sense, which means ammunition of almost any weight and diameter can be fired from the same mortar.

The disadvantage is that while most mortar bombs have a streamlined shape towards the back that fits a spigot mortar application well, using that space for the spigot mortar tube takes volume and mass away from the payload of the projectile. If a soldier is carrying only a few projectiles, the projectile weight disadvantage is not significant. However, the weight of a large quantity of the heavier and more complex spigot projectiles offsets the weight saved.

A near-silent mortar can operate using the spigot principle. Each round has a close-fitting sliding plug in the tube that fits over the spigot. When the round is fired, the projectile is pushed off the spigot, but before the plug clears the spigot it is caught by a constriction at the base of the tube. This traps the gases from the propelling charge and hence the sound of the firing. After World War II the Belgium Fly-K silent spigot mortar was accepted into French service as the TN-8111.<ref>{{citation |title=A Second Wind For The Lightweight Infantry Mortar
|url=https://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2021/07/infantry-platoon-mortars/ |website=thinkdefence.co.uk |date=July 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Fly-K mortar systems – excellent stealth capabilities and tremendous tactical potential
|url=https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/public_relations/news/detail_1436.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314190930/https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/public_relations/news/detail_1436.php | archivedate=2023-03-14}}</ref>

A {{cvt|40|mm|in}} caseless underbarrel spigot launcher, the Battelle Pogojet has been developed by Armor Development Group.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ndia.dtic.mil/wp-content/uploads/2017/armament/Kent19185.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207084307/https://ndia.dtic.mil/wp-content/uploads/2017/armament/Kent19185.pdf | archive-date=7 December 2024 | url-status=live | title=19185 – Multiple Trajectory 40mm Grenade Launching System }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/06/26/40mm-caseless-variable-velocity-grenade-concept-armor-development-group-shown-off-ndia-2017/ | title=40mm Caseless Variable-Velocity Grenade Concept from Armor Development Group Shown Off at [NDIA 2017] | website=thefirearmblog.com | date=26 June 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170067704A1/en | title=US20170067704A1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/01/07/pogojet-a-non-lethal-long-distance-round/ | title=Pogojet: A Non Lethal Long Distance Round | website=thefirearmblog.com | date=7 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://gunsamerica.com/digest/pogojet-50237/ | title=Pogojet: Semiautomatic Less-lethal Weapon with Long Distance Capabilities }}</ref>

[[File:A hedgehog launcher on display.jpg|thumb|A [[Hedgehog_(weapon)|hedgehog]] launcher on display. Note the exposed spigot on the lower left launcher.]]
Spigot mortars generally fell out of favour after World War II and were replaced by smaller conventional mortars. Military applications of spigot mortars include:
* The {{convert|230|mm|abbr=on}} petard mortar used on the [[Churchill tank#Churchill AVRE (Assault Vehicle Royal Engineers)|Churchill AVRE]] by Britain in World War II.<ref>{{Citation | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gN8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA7 |title=Tank Hurls Flying Dust Bins and Lays Tracks | date= December 1944 |work=Popular Mechanics |page=7|publisher=Hearst Magazines }}</ref>
* The [[320 mm Type 98 mortar|{{convert|320|mm|abbr=on}} Type 98 mortar]] used by Japan in World War II to some psychological effect in the battles of [[Iwo Jima]] and [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]]
* The [[Blacker Bombard]] and [[PIAT]] anti-tank launchers used by Britain in World War II.
* The [[Hedgehog (weapon)|Hedgehog]] launcher, used from the deck of a ship, used 24 spigot mortars which fired a diamond pattern of anti-submarine projectiles into the sea ahead of the ship. A sinking projectile detonated if it struck a submarine, and the pattern was such that any submarine partly in the landing zone of the projectiles would be struck one or more times.

Non-military applications include the use of small-calibre spigot mortars to launch lightweight, low-velocity foam dummy targets used for training [[retriever]] dogs for bird hunting. Simple launchers use a separate small primer cap as the sole propellant (similar or identical to the cartridges used in industrial [[nail gun]]s).

===Improvised===
[[File:Improvised-mortars-batey-haosef-1-1.jpg|thumb|Improvised mortars in Batey ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel]]
Insurgent groups often use improvised, or "homemade" mortars to attack fortified military installations or terrorise civilians. They are usually constructed from heavy steel piping mounted on a steel frame. These weapons may fire standard mortar rounds, purpose-made shells, repurposed gas cylinders filled with explosives and shrapnel, or any other type of improvised explosive, incendiary or chemical munitions. These were called "[[barrack buster]]s" by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)]].

====Syrian civil war====
Improvised mortars used by insurgents in the [[Syrian civil war]] are known as [[improvised artillery in the Syrian civil war|'' hell cannons'']]. Observers have noted that they are "wildly inaccurate" and responsible for thousands of civilian deaths.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/syrian-rebel-hell-cannons-kill-300-civilians-monitoring-122622024.html |title=Syrian rebel "hell cannons" kill 300 civilians: monitoring group |publisher=Reuters |agency=[[Yahoo! News]] |author=Oliver Holmes |date=December 12, 2014 |access-date=December 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216164955/https://news.yahoo.com/syrian-rebel-hell-cannons-kill-300-civilians-monitoring-122622024.html |archive-date=December 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Sri Lankan civil war====
Improvised mortars used in the [[Sri Lankan civil war]] by the rebel [[Tamil Tigers]] are known as "Pasilan 2000", also known as a "rocket mortar" or "Arti-mortar" like the {{convert|122|mm|abbr=on}} cannon, successor to the '''Baba mortar''' used by the LTTE for ground operations since the 1980s. As Baba mortar rounds contained tar, they caused a fire when they hit the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pdfs.island.lk/defence/20130621_147.html|title = Forign1}}</ref> The Baba, the prototype mortar, was crude. But with time the weapon has improved.

The Pasilan 2000, the improved version, has been developed with characteristics similar to a rocket launcher. The Pasilan 2000 was a heavy mortar fired from a mobile launcher mounted on a tractor. The shell does not emit constant muzzle flares like [[artillery]] or MBRL. This is ideal for LTTE's camouflage and conceals attacking style. Once a round is fired, forward observers/spies/civilian spotters can correct the fire. The way the tube is installed is similar to the positioning of rocket pods. The length and calibre of the barrel indicate Pasilan 2000 system has common features to the Chinese made Type 82 {{cvt|130|mm|in}} 30-tube MLRS (introduced by the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) in the early 1980s) rather than rail-guided Katyusha variants such as the Qassam Rocket. The warhead weight is {{cvt|70|kg|lb}} and it is filled with TNT. It had a range of {{cvt|15|to|25|km|round=5}}. The rocket has since then undergone some modifications. The Pasilan 2000 was more lethal than Baba mortar. But it was not heavily used for ground attacks during the [[Eelam War IV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/02/pasilan-2000-used-by-ltte.html|title = Pasilan 2000 used by the LTTE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fdocuments.in/document/dossier-on-ltte-weapons.html|title = Dossier on LTTE Weapons – PDF document}}</ref>

==Modern==
===Design===
[[File:81mmMORT L16.png|thumb|left|upright|L16 mortar consisting of barrel, base plate and bipod]]
[[File:L16 smoothbore.png|thumb|Looking down an L16 mortar barrel. Note: fixed firing pin.]]

Most modern mortar systems consist of four main components: a barrel, a base plate, a bipod and a sight. Modern mortars normally range in [[caliber|calibre]] from {{cvt|60|to|120|mm|in}}. However, both larger and smaller mortars have been produced. The modern mortar is a muzzle-loaded weapon and relatively simple to operate. It consists of a barrel into which the gunners drop a mortar round. When the round reaches the base of the barrel it hits a fixed [[firing pin]] that fires the round. The barrel is generally set at an angle of between 45 and 85 degrees (800 to 1500 mils), with the higher angle producing a shorter horizontal trajectory. Some mortars have a moving firing pin, operated by a [[lanyard]] or [[trigger (firearms)|trigger mechanism]].

===Ammunition===
{{anchor|mortar_bomb}}

[[File:40th Cavalry Regiment soldier loads 120 mm mortar round 120208-A-ZU930-014.jpg|thumb|Mortar round with propellant rings about to be fired]]
[[Ammunition]] for mortars generally comes in two main varieties: fin-stabilised and spin-stabilised. Examples of the former have short fins on their posterior portion, which control the path of the bomb in flight. Spin-stabilised mortar bombs rotate as they travel along and leave the mortar tube, which stabilises them in much the same way as a rifle bullet. Both types of rounds can be either [[Shell (projectile)#Illumination|illumination]] ([[infrared]] or visible illumination), [[Shell (projectile)#Smoke|smoke]], [[Shell (projectile)#High-explosive|high explosive]], and training rounds. Mortar bombs are often referred to, incorrectly, as "mortars".<ref>For example: {{cite news|url=http://www.archive.sloughobserver.co.uk/news/roundup/articles/2014/10/03/104204-suspected-second-world-war-mortar-exploded-in-windsor-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618172023/http://www.archive.sloughobserver.co.uk/news/roundup/articles/2014/10/03/104204-suspected-second-world-war-mortar-exploded-in-windsor-today|archive-date=2015-06-18 |work=Slough Observer|title=Suspected Second World War mortar exploded in Windsor today |date=3 October 2014}}</ref>

Operators may fire spin-stabilised rounds from either a smoothbore or a rifled barrel. Rifled mortars are more accurate but slower to load. Since mortars are generally muzzle-loaded, mortar bombs for rifled barrels usually have a pre-engraved band, called an obturator, that engages with the rifling of the barrel. Exceptions to this are the US [[M2 4.2-inch mortar|M2 {{cvt|4.2|in|mm|order=flip}} mortar]] and [[M30 mortar]], whose ammunition has a sub-calibre expandable ring that enlarged when fired. This allows the projectile to slide down the barrel freely but grip the rifling when fired. The system resembles the [[Minié ball]] for muzzle-loading rifles. For extra range, propellant rings (augmentation charges) are attached to the bomb's fins. The rings are usually easy to remove, because they have a major influence on the speed and thus the range of the bomb. Some mortar rounds can be fired without any augmentation charges, e.g., the [[L16 81mm mortar|81 mm L16 mortar]].
[[File:L16 81mm mortar fired by JGSDF soldiers during Orient Shield 2012, -31 Oct. 2012 a.webm|thumb|right|L16 81 mm mortar fired by [[JGSDF]] soldiers]]
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:right;
|+ Data for 81 mm L16 mortar <ref>Hogg, Ian V. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ammunition'', p. 126</ref>
|-
! Charge
! Muzzle velocity m/s (ft/s)
! Range m (yd)
|-
| Primary
| {{convert|73|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|180|-|520|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 1
| {{convert|110|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|390|-|1,120|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 2
| {{convert|137|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|580|-|1,710|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 3
| {{convert|162|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|780|-|2,265|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 4
| {{convert|195|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|1,070|-|3,080|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 5
| {{convert|224|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|1,340|-|3,850|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|-
| Charge 6
| {{convert|250|m/s|abbr=values}}
| {{convert|1,700|-|4,680|m|yd|abbr=values}}
|}

===Precision guided===

[[File:XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition.jpg|thumb|left|Soldiers standing in front of an [[M1064 mortar carrier]], holding a XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition prototype at Fort Benning, Georgia, February 2006]]

The [[XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition|XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition (PGMM)]] is a 120 mm [[Precision-guided munition|guided]] mortar round developed by [[Alliant Techsystems]].<ref name="DID">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2004/12/alliant-techsystems-takes-army-mortar-contract-again/index.php|title=Alliant Techsystems Takes Army Mortar Contract (Again)|website=Defense Industry Daily |date=Dec 7, 2004 |access-date=2018-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318070519/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2004/12/alliant-techsystems-takes-army-mortar-contract-again/index.php|archive-date=2006-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Based on Orbital ATK's Precision Guidance Kit for 155 mm artillery projectiles, XM395 combines [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] guidance and directional control surfaces into a package that replaces standard fuses, transforming existing 120 mm mortar bodies into precision-guided munitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/armament-systems/xm395/|title=XM395 Precision Mortar (120mm) |website=Northrop Grumman|access-date=2018-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910054040/http://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/armament-systems/xm395/|archive-date=2017-09-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> The XM395 munition consists of a GPS-guided kit fitted to standard 120 mm smoothbore mortar rounds that includes the fitting of a nose and tail subsystem containing the maneuvering parts.<ref name="army29march11">{{cite web |url-status=live |url=https://www.army.mil/article/53988/ |title=Picatinny fields first precision-guided mortars to troops in Afghanistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230185717/https://www.army.mil/article/53988 |archive-date=2016-12-30 |website=Army.mil |date=29 March 2011 |first1=Audra |last1=Calloway }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=XM395: 120 mm Precision Mortar |url=http://www.atk.com/ts/singaporeairshow/PDF/datasheets/108747_01_XM395%20ds.pdf |work=ATK Advanced Weapon |publisher=ATK |access-date=21 February 2012}}{{dead link|date=October 2023}}</ref>

The [[Strix mortar round]] is a Swedish endphase-guided projectile fired from a 120 mm mortar currently manufactured by [[Saab Bofors Dynamics]]. STRIX is fired like a conventional mortar round. The round contains an [[infrared]] imaging sensor that it uses to guide itself onto any tank or armoured fighting vehicle in the vicinity where it lands. The seeker is designed to ignore targets that are already burning. Launched from any 120 mm mortar, STRIX has a normal range of up to {{convert|4.5|km|abbr=on}}. The addition of a special sustainer motor increases the range to {{convert|7.5|km|abbr=on}}.

The [[GMM 120]] (''Guided Mortar Munition 120''; known as '''Patzmi'''; also referred to as '''Morty''') is a GPS and/or [[laser]]-guided mortar munition, which was developed by [[IMI Systems|Israel Military Industries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imi-israel.com/home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68491 |title=GMM 120–120 mm Guided Mortar Munition |publisher=[[Israel Military Industries]] |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071425/http://www.imi-israel.com/home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68491 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/140404-israeli-army-tests-gps-guided-mortar-shell |title=Israeli army tests GPS-guided mortar shell |publisher=[[i24news]] |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071617/http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/140404-israeli-army-tests-gps-guided-mortar-shell |archive-date=2014-04-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another Israeli guided mortar is [[Iron Sting]], developed by [[Elbit]]. The Russian [[KM-8 Gran]] is also laser-guided.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kbptula.ru/index.php/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/malakhit|title="MALAKHIT" AUTOMATED ARTILLERY FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM|publisher=[[KBP Instrument Design Bureau]]|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102184539/http://www.kbptula.ru/index.php/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/malakhit|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Compared to long range artillery==
[[File:Self-propelled mortar based on K-4386 during the "Armiya 2020" exhibition.jpg|thumb|left|Self-propelled mortar based on [[Kamaz Typhoon#Variants|K-4386]] during the "Armiya 2020" exhibition]]

Modern mortars and their ammunition are generally much smaller and lighter than long range [[artillery]], such as [[field gun]]s and [[howitzer]]s, which allows light ({{cvt|60|mm|in|disp=or}}) and medium ({{cvt|81|and|82|mm|in|disp=or|2}}) mortars to be considered light weapons; i.e. capable of transport by personnel without vehicle assistance.

Mortars are short-range weapons and often more effective than long range artillery for many purposes within their shorter range. In particular, because of its high, [[parabolic trajectory]] with a near vertical descent, the mortar can land bombs on nearby targets, including those behind obstacles or in [[fortification]]s, such as light vehicles behind hills or structures, or infantry in [[trench]]es or [[spider hole]]s. This also makes it possible to launch attacks from positions lower than the target of the attack. (For example, long-range artillery could not shell a target {{cvt|1|km|mi|1}} away and {{cvt|30|m|ft|sigfig=1}} higher, a target easily accessible to a mortar.)

[[File:ATP 3-21.90 Figure 5.1 Example of range coverage from defilade.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Mortar trajectory comparison]]
In [[trench warfare]], mortars can use [[plunging fire]] directly into the enemy [[trench]]es, which is very hard or impossible to accomplish with long range artillery because of its much flatter trajectory. Mortars are also highly effective when used from concealed positions, such as the natural escarpments on hillsides or from woods, especially if [[Artillery observer|forward observers]] are being employed in strategic positions to direct fire, an arrangement where the mortar is in relatively close proximity both to its forward observer and its target, allowing for fire to be quickly and accurately delivered with lethal effect. Mortars suffer from instability when used on snow or soft ground, because the recoil pushes them into the ground or snow unevenly. A [[Raschen bag]] addresses this problem.

Fin-stabilised mortar bombs do not have to withstand the [[torque|rotational forces]] placed upon them by rifling or greater pressures, and can therefore carry a higher [[payload]] in a thinner skin than rifled artillery ammunition. Because of the difference in available volume, a smooth-bore mortar of a given diameter will have a greater explosive yield than a similarly sized artillery shell of a gun or howitzer. For example, a {{cvt|120|mm|in}} mortar bomb has approximately the same explosive capability as a {{cvt|152|or|155|mm|in}} artillery shell. Also, fin-stabilised munitions fired from a smooth-bore, which do not rely on the spin imparted by a rifled bore for greater accuracy, do not have the drawback of veering in the direction of the spin.

==Largest mortars==
{{For|the largest mortars|list of the largest cannon by caliber}}

From the 17th to the mid-20th century, very heavy, relatively immobile siege mortars were used, of up to {{cvt|1|m|in}} calibre, often made of cast iron and with an outside barrel diameter many times that of the bore diameter. An early example was [[Roaring Meg (cannon)|Roaring Meg]], with a {{cvt|15.5|in|mm|order=flip}} barrel diameter and firing a {{cvt|220|lb|kg|order=flip}} hollow ball filled with gunpowder and used during the [[English Civil War]] in 1646.

The largest mortars ever developed were the Belgian "[[Monster Mortar]]" ({{cvt|24|in|mm|order=flip|disp=or}}) developed by [[Henri-Joseph Paixhans]] in 1832, [[Mallet's Mortar]] ({{cvt|36|in|mm|order=flip|disp=or}}) developed by [[Robert Mallet]] in 1857, and the "[[Little David]]" (910 mm) developed in the United States for use in World War II. Although the latter two had a calibre of 910 mm, only the "Monster Mortar" was used in combat (at the [[Siege of Antwerp (1832)|Battle of Antwerp]] in 1832).<ref name=Guiness>{{cite web| url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.asp?id=46267| title=Largest Mortar| work=Guinness World Records| access-date=2006-04-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060210055938/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.asp?id=46267  |archive-date = 2006-02-10}}</ref> The World War II German [[Karl-Gerät]] was a {{cvt|600|mm|in}} mortar and the largest to see combat in modern warfare.

<gallery>
File:RoaringMegFront.jpg|Roaring Meg on display at Goodrich Castle
File:LittleDavid.ogv|World War II US Army movie footage of the 914 mm "Little David" mortar
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Carcass (projectile)]], used in mortars before the modern age
* [[Chemical mortar battalion]]
* [[Coehorn]], a lightweight mortar, sometimes improvised
* ''[[Eprouvette]]'', a mortar used to test the strength of gunpowder
* [[List of heavy mortars]]
* [[List of infantry mortars]]
* [[Livens Projector]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |title=Lingo of No Man's Land; Or, War Time Lexicon |publisher=Jamieson Publishing Company |date=1918 |chapter-url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Lingo_of_No_Man_s_Land_Or_War_Time_Lexic/ZLZHAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA89&printsec=frontcover | last=Smith | first = Lorenzo N. |access-date=2025-09-29 | pages = 89-90 | chapter=Trench Mortar}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mortars}}
* [https://uklandpower.com/2018/01/11/a-guide-to-modern-mortar-systems/ A Guide to Modern Mortar Systems]
* {{cite web |title=Field Manual 3-22.90 – Mortars |url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x90.pdf |publisher=Department of the Army |access-date=7 January 2013 |date=December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217103519/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x90.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2013 }}
* {{cite web |title=Field Manual 3-22.91 – Mortar Fire Direction Procedures |url=https://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x91.pdf|publisher=Department of the Army|access-date=7 January 2013 |date=17 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217111936/http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/fm3_22x91.pdf |archive-date=17 February 2013 }}
*{{cite web|title=Field Manual 23-91 – Mortar Gunnery|url=https://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publications/FM%2023-91.pdf|publisher=Department of the Army|access-date=7 January 2013|date=1 March 2000}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060307222151/http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/Greenwich/YourEnvironment/GreenSpace/Monuments/Mallet%E2%80%99sMortar.htm Mallet's Mortar, the largest British mortar ever made]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511230338/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/feature-mortars.htm Defense Update: Modern mobile 120 mm mortars]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013061249/http://defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/mortar-munitions.htm Defense Update: Advanced mortar munitions]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aELkvDPhQU8 How does a mortar work? – video]
* [http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/mortars.htm Mortars during World War I]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071230045307/http://www.aopt91.dsl.pipex.com/railgun/Content/Railwayguns/German/Morser%20karl.html The ''Karl Morser''], [[World War II|WW II]]-era German 60 cm self-propelled mortar
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070628035107/http://media.tietotalo.fi/mil/kranaatinheitin_120_256k.wmv Video] (streaming wmv)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mortar (Weapon)}}
[[Category:Mortars| ]]
[[Category:Korean inventions]]

Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male

2026-03-22T04:37:41Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Award]] for Best Actor (Popular)
| image = Vicky Kaushal at HT Style Awards.jpg
| caption = The 2026 recipient: [[Vicky Kaushal]]
| awarded_for = Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role
| presenter = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
| country = [[India]]
| year = [[Shah Rukh Khan]], ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1998)
| holder = [[Vicky Kaushal]] ''[[Chhaava]]'' (2026)
| website = {{url|zeecineawards.com}}
| venue = [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium]]
| type = Viewers' Choice
| date = 1 March 2026
}}

The '''Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male''' is chosen by the viewers of Zee Entertainment Enterprises as part of its [[Zee Cine Awards|annual award ceremony]] for [[Hindi film]]s, to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 1998, a ceremony was not held in 2009 and 2010, but resumed back in 2011. [[Shah Rukh Khan]], with eight awards holds the record of the maximum wins in this category.

† - indicates the performance also ''won'' the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Award]] 
‡ - indicates the performance was also ''nominated'' for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Award]]

==Superlatives==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="30%" | Superlative
! width="15%" | Actor
! width="15%" | Record
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Actor with most consecutive year nominations
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] {{small|(1998-2014)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 15
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Actor with most awards
| rowspan="2" | Shah Rukh Khan
| style="text-align:center" | 8
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Actor with most nominations
| style="text-align:center" | 22
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Actor with most nominations without ever winning
| [[Ajay Devgn]]
| style="text-align:center" | 9
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Actor with most nominations in a single year
| Shah Rukh Khan {{small|(2005)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 3
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Eldest Winner
| [[Anupam Kher]] {{small|(2023)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 68
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Youngest Winner
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] {{small|(2001)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 26
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Eldest Nominee
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] {{small|(2017)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 74
|-
| style="text-align:center" | Youngest Nominee
| Hrithik Roshan {{small|(2001)}} [[Vivek Oberoi]] {{small|(2003)}}
| style="text-align:center" | 26
|}

==Multiple wins==
*'''7 wins''' : [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
*'''3 wins''' : [[Hrithik Roshan]] – [[Salman Khan]]
*'''2 wins''' : [[Aamir Khan]]

==List of winners and nominees==

===1990s{{anchor|1990}}===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Actor
!style="width:30%;"| Film
!style="width:30%;"| Character
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''1998'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'''''
| '''Rahul'''
|-
| [[Aamir Khan]]
| ''[[Ishq (1997 film)|Ishq]]''
| Raja
|-
| [[Kamal Haasan]] ‡
| ''[[Chachi 420]]''
| Jaiprakash Paswan / Lakshmi Godbole
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan
| ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''
| Arjun Sagar
|-
| [[Sunny Deol]]
| ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]''
| Major [[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]]
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''1999'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'''''
| '''Rahul Khanna'''
|-
| [[Aamir Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Ghulam (film)|Ghulam]]''
| Siddharth "Siddhu" Marathe
|-
| [[Salman Khan]]
| ''[[Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai]]''
| Suraj Dhanrajgir
|-
| Salman Khan ‡
| ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]''
| Suraj Khanna
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan
| ''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]''
| Bablu Chaudhary / Manu Dada
|}

===2000s{{anchor|2000}}===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Actor
!style="width:30%;"| Film
!style="width:30%;"| Character
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2000'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Aamir Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'''''
| '''A.C.P. Ajay Singh Rathod'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgan]] ‡
| ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]''
| Vanraj
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Salman Khan]]
| ''[[Biwi No.1]]''
| rowspan="2" | Prem
|-
| ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United|Hum Saath Saath Hain]]''
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| ''[[Baadshah (1999 film)|Baadshah]]''
| Baadshah
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2001'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Hrithik Roshan]]''' †
| '''''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]'''''
| '''Rohit / Raj Chopra'''
|-
| [[Anil Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
| Major Jaidev Rajvansh
|-
| Hrithik Roshan ‡
| ''[[Fiza]]''
| Amaan Ikramullah
|-
| [[Sanjay Dutt]] ‡
| ''[[Mission Kashmir]]''
| SSP Inayat Khan
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''
| Raj Aryan Malhotra
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2002'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Aamir Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[Lagaan]]'''''
| '''Bhuvan'''
|-
| Aamir Khan ‡
| ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]''
| Akash Malhotra
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] ‡
| ''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]''
| Manu Verma
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''
| Rahul Y. Raichand
|-
| [[Sunny Deol]] ‡
| ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]''
| Tara Singh
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2003'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'''''
| '''Devdas Mukherjee'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgan]] ‡
| ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
| Mallik
|-
| Ajay Devgan
| ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]''
| [[Bhagat Singh]]
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]''
| Vijay Singh Rajput
|-
| [[Vivek Oberoi]] ‡
| ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''
| Aditya Sehgal
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2004'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Hrithik Roshan]]''' †
| '''''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'''''
| '''Rohit Mehra'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgan]] ‡
| ''[[Gangaajal]]''
| Amit Kumar
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] ‡
| ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]''
| Raj Malhotra
|-
| [[Salman Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Tere Naam]]''
| Radhe Mohan
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
| Aman Mathur
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2005'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'''''
| '''Veer Pratap Singh'''
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] ‡
| ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]''
| Anant Kumar Shrivastav
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] ‡
| ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]''
| Karan Shergill
|-
| [[Salman Khan]]
| ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]''
| Sameer Malhotra
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan ‡
| ''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
| Major Ram Prasad Sharma
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan †
| ''[[Swades]]''
| Mohan Bhargav
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2006'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''' †
| '''''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'''''
| '''Debraj Sahai'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgan]]
| ''[[Apaharan]]''
| Ajay Shastri
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Waqt: The Race Against Time]]''
| Aditya "Adi" Ishwarchand Thakur
|-
| Amitabh Bachchan ‡
| ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]''
| Subhash Nagre (Sarkar)
|-
| [[Saif Ali Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
| Shekhar Roy
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| ''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]''
| Kishanlal / The Ghost
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2007'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Hrithik Roshan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Krrish]]'''''
| '''Krishna "Krrish" Mehra'''
|-
| [[Aamir Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
| Daljit "DJ" Singh / [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]]
|-
| [[Ajay Devgan]]
| ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]''
| Omkara "Omi" Shukla
|-
| [[Sanjay Dutt]] ‡
| ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
| [[Munna Bhai|Murli Prasad Sharma]]
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]''
| Dev Saran
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2008'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[Chak De! India]]'''''
| '''Coach Kabir Khan'''
|-
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]] ‡
| ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
| Gurukant Desai
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]] ‡
| ''[[Namastey London]]''
| Arjun Singh
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| ''[[Cheeni Kum]]''
| Buddhadev Gupta
|-
| [[Shahid Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| Aditya Kashyap
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan ‡
| ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
| Om Prakash Makhija / Om Kapoor
|-
| rowspan=1 style="text-align:center" | '''2009'''
| ''No award''
| --
| --
|}

===2010s{{anchor|2010}}===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Actor
!style="width:30%;"| Film
!style="width:30%;"| Character
|-
| rowspan=1 style="text-align:center" | '''2010'''
| ''No award''
| --
| --
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2011'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' †
| '''''[[My Name Is Khan]]'''''
| '''Rizwan Khan'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]] ‡
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
| Sultan Mirza
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''
| Aarush Awasti
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] ‡
| ''[[Guzaarish (2010 film)|Guzaarish]]''
| Ethan Mascarenhas
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Raajneeti]]''
| Samar Pratap
|-
| [[Salman Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Dabangg]]''
| Inspector Chulbul Pandey
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2012'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Ranbir Kapoor]]''' †
| '''''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'''''
| '''Janardan Jhakhar / Jordan'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]] ‡
| ''[[Singham]]''
| Bajirao Singham
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] ‡
| ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
| Arjun Saluja
|-
| [[Salman Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''
| Lovely Singh
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Don 2]]''
| [[Don (film series)#Don|Don]]
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan
| ''[[Ra.One]]''
| Shekhar Subramanium / G.One
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center" | '''2013'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Salman Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Dabangg 2]]'''''
| '''Inspector Chulbul Pandey'''
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] ‡
| ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]''
| Vijay Deenanath Chauhan
|-
| [[Irrfan Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''
| [[Paan Singh Tomar]]
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] †
| ''[[Barfi!]]''
| Murphy "Barfi" Johnson
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''
| Major Samar Anand
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2014'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Chennai Express]]'''''
| '''Rahul Mithaiwala'''
|-
| [[Aamir Khan]]
| ''[[Dhoom 3]]''
| Sahir Khan / Samar Khan
|-
| [[Aditya Roy Kapur]]
| ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
| Rahul Jaykar
|-
| [[Farhan Akhtar]] †
| ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
| [[Milkha Singh]]
|-
| [[Aditya Roy Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
| Avinash
|-
| [[Ranveer Singh]] ‡
| ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
| Ram Rajadi
|-
| rowspan=1 style="text-align:center" | '''2015'''
| ''No award''
| --
| --
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2016'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Salman Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'''''
| '''Pavan Kumar Chaturvedi / Bajrangi Bhaijaan'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]]
| ''[[Drishyam (2015 film)|Drishyam]]''
| Vijay Salgaonkar
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]''
| Ajay Singh Rajput
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''
| Ved Vardhan Sahni
|-
| [[Ranveer Singh]] †
| ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
| [[Bajirao I|Peshwa Bajirao]]
|-
| [[Varun Dhawan]] ‡
| ''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]''
| Raghav "Raghu" Purohit
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2017'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Salman Khan]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'''''
| '''Sultan Ali Khan'''<ref>{{cite web|title= Full List: Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2016 |url= http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2016-list-of-winners-27121.html |publisher= zeenews.india.com |access-date=2016-02-22|date=22 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Aamir Khan]] †
| ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
| [[Mahavir Singh Phogat]]
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]''
| Ranjit Katyal
|-
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] ‡
| ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]''
| Deepak Sehgal
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] ‡
| ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
| Ayan Sanger
|-
| [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] ‡
| ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''
| [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2018'''
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Akshay Kumar]]'''
| '''''[[Jolly LLB 2]]'''''
| '''Advocate Jagdishwar Mishra'''
|-
| Akshay Kumar ‡
| ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]''
| Keshav Sharma
|-
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] ‡
| ''[[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]]''
| Mudit Sharma
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]] ‡
| ''[[Kaabil]]''
| Rohan Bhatnagar
|-
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| [[Raees (2017 film)|''Raees'']]
| Raees
|-
| [[Varun Dhawan]]
| ''[[Judwaa 2]]''
|Prem/Raja
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2019'''<ref name="ZEE Cine Awards 2019: Nominations list (viewer’s choice)">{{cite web|title=ZEE Cine Awards 2019: Nominations list (viewer’s choice)|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee-cine-awards-2019-nominations-list-viewers-choice/|website=BizAsiaLive|access-date=21 March 2019|date=23 February 2019}}</ref>
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
| '''[[Ranveer Singh]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Padmaavat]]'''''
| '''[[Alauddin Khilji]]'''
|-
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] ‡
| ''[[Andhadhun]]''
| Akash
|-
|[[Kartik Aaryan]]
| ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''
| Sonu Sharma
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] †
| ''[[Sanju]]''
| [[Sanjay Dutt]]
|-
| [[Ranveer Singh]]
| ''[[Simmba]]''
| Sangram "Simmba" Bhalerao
|-
| [[Varun Dhawan]]
| ''[[Sui Dhaaga]]''
| Mauji Sharma
|-
|}
===2020s{{anchor|2020}}===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Actor
!style="width:30%;"| Film
!style="width:30%;"| Character
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2020'''<ref name="ZEE Cine Awards 2020: Nominations list (viewer’s choice)">{{cite web|title=ZEE Cine Awards 2019: Nominations list (viewer’s choice)|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee-cine-awards-2019-nominations-list-viewers-choice/|website=BizAsiaLive|access-date=21 March 2019|date=23 February 2019}}</ref>
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
|'''[[Ranveer Singh]]''' †
| '''''[[Gully Boy]]'''''
| '''Murad Ahmed aka Gully Boy'''
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Good Newwz]]''
| Varun Batra
|-
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] ‡
| ''[[Dream Girl (2019 film) |Dream Girl]]''
| Karam
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| ''[[War (2019 film) |War]]''
| Maj. Kabir Dhaliwal
|-
| [[Kartik Aaryan]]
| ''[[Luka Chuppi]]''
| Guddu
|-
| [[Shahid Kapoor]]
| ''[[Kabir Singh]]''
| Kabir Rajdheer Singh
|-
| rowspan=1 style="text-align:center" | '''2021'''
| ''No award'' Due to [[COVID-19]]
| --
| --
|-
| rowspan=1 style="text-align:center" | '''2022'''
| ''No award'' Due to [[COVID-19]]
| --
| --
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2023''' <ref>{{cite web|title=Zee Cine Awards 2023: Kartik Aaryan And Alia Bhatt Win Best Actor; See Complete Winner List |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2023-kartik-aaryan-and-alia-bhatt-win-best-actor-see-complete-winner-list-10066805|website=English Jagran|access-date=27 February 2023|date=27 February 2023}}</ref>
|- style="background:#FFAA00;"
|'''[[Anupam Kher]]''' †
| '''''[[The Kashmir Files]]'''''
| '''Pushkar Nath Pandit'''
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]]
| ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]''
| Vijay Salgaonkar
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| ''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
| Vedha Betal
|-
| [[Kartik Aaryan]]
| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
| Ruhaan Randhawa a.k.a. Rooh Baba
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]]
| ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
| Shiva
|-
| [[Varun Dhawan]] ‡
| ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]''
| Bhaskar Sharma
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2024''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/zee-cine-awards-2024-winners-shah-rukh-khan-wins-best-actor-jawan-bags-best-film-best-music-8810613.html|title=Zee Cine Awards 2024 Winners: Shah Rukh Khan Wins Best Actor; Jawan Bags Best Film, Best Music|website=News18|access-date= 11 March 2024}}</ref>
|- style="background:#FFAA00;"
| '''[[Sunny Deol]]''' ‡
| '''''[[Gadar 2]]'''''
| '''''Tara Singh'''''
|-
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]] †
| ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
|Ranvijay Singh/Aziz Haque
|-
| [[Ranveer Singh]] ‡
| ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
| Rocky Randhawa
|-
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]] ‡
| ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
| [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Vikram Rathore/Azad
|-
| Shah Rukh Khan
| ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
| Pathaan
|-
| [[Vikrant Massey]]
| ''[[12th Fail]]''
| [[Manoj Kumar Sharma]]
|-
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" | '''2025'''
|- style="background:#FFAA00;"
| '''[[Kartik Aaryan]]'''
| '''''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'''''
| '''''Ruhaan / Rooh Baba and Rajkumar Debendranath'''''
|-
| [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]''
| Shamsher "Patty" Pathania
|-
| [[Raj Kumar Rao]]
| ''[[Stree 2]]''
| Vicky
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]]
| ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]''
| Kabir Rishi
|-
| [[Vicky Kaushal]]
| ''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]''
| Akhil Chadha
|-
| [[Shahid Kapoor]]
| ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''
| Aryan Agnihotri
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | '''2026'''
|- style="background:#FFAA00;"
|'''[[Vicky Kaushal]]'''
|'''''[[Chhaava]]'''''
|'''''Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj'''''
|-
|[[Ranveer Singh]]
|''[[Dhurandhar]]''
|Hamza Ali
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Akshay Kumar]]
|''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]''
|Justice Chettoor Sankaran Nair
|-
|''[[Jolly LLB 3]]''
|Jagdishwar Mishra
|-
|[[Sunny Deol]]
|''[[Jaat (film)|Jaat]]''
|Baldev Pratap Singh
|-
|[[Dhanush]]
|''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]''
|Shankar Gurukkal
|}

==See also==
* [[Zee Cine Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Zee Cine Awards}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorMale}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zee Cine Award for Best Actor - Male}}
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards|Best Actor- Male]]

List of Indian film series

2026-03-21T08:53:48Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
A lot of [[sequel]]s and sometimes [[prequel]]s to the old [[Movie theater|silver screen]] [[feature film]]s have been released in many of the [[Languages of India|Indian languages]]. A [[film series]] is a collection of related films in succession. Their relationship is not fixed, but generally share a common diegetic world. The film series have been listed according to the date on which the first film of the series was released. Notes have been used to indicate relation to other films.

Only those film series with a minimum of two released films are listed. Otherwise, a series is only listed if a prequel or sequel is confirmed to be made and will be released in the near future.

== Assamese==

{{see also|Cinema of Assam}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#'''Dr. Bezbaruah film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dr. Bezbaruah]]'' (1969)
#* ''[[Dr. Bezbaruah 2]]'' (2023)
{{div col end}}

===Common diegetic world===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#'''[[Local Kung Fu (film series)|Local Kung Fu film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Local Kung Fu]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Local Kung Fu 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Local Utpaat]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Local Kung Fu 3]]'' (2024)
#'''Children film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[Xagoroloi Bohudoor]]'' (1995)
#*''[[Pokhi]]'' (1998)
#*''[[Konikar Ramdhenu]]'' (2002)

{{div col end}}

== Bengali ==

{{see also|Cinema of West Bengal}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#'''The Apu Series''' (6 films)
#* ''[[The Apu Trilogy]]''
#** ''[[Pather Panchali]]'' (1955)
#** ''[[Aparajito]]'' (1956)
#** ''[[The World of Apu]]'' (1959)
#* ''[[Apur Panchali]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Avijatrik]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Aparajito (2022 film)]]''
#''' Kanchenjungha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kanchenjungha (film)|Kanchenjungha]]'' (1962)
#* ''[[Abar Kanchanjangha]]'' (2022)
#''' [[Byomkesh Bakshi in other media#Films|Byomkesh Bakshi film series]]''' (20 films){{efn|If the 2015 Bollywood film ''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]'' is taken into account, the number of films in the franchisee will increase by one and the franchisee must, then, be counted under bilingual or multi-lingual heading.}}
#* With [[Uttam Kumar]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Chiriyakhana]]'' (1967)
#* With Satindra Bhattacharya as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Shajarur Kanta (1974 film)|Shajarur Kanta]]'' (1974)
#* With [[Subhrajit Dutta]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Magno Mainak]]'' (2009)
#* With [[Abir Chatterjee]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (9 films)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (2010 film)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'' (2010)
#** ''[[Abar Byomkesh]]'' (2012)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Phire Elo]]'' (2014)
#** ''[[Har Har Byomkesh]]'' (2015)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Pawrbo]]'' (2016)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Gotro]]'' (2018)
#** ''[[Biday Byomkesh]]'' (2018)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Hatyamancha]]'' (2022)
#* With [[Sujoy Ghosh]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Satyanweshi (film)|Satyanweshi]]'' (2013)
#* With [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Doorbeen]]'' (2014){{efn|name=Crossover|Unofficial film; [[Fictional crossover#Film|crossover film]] featuring both [[Byomkesh Bakshi]] (played by [[Soumitra Chatterjee]]) and [[Feluda]] (played by [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]]).}}
#* With [[Dhritiman Chatterjee]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** ''[[Shajarur Kanta (2015 film)|Shajarur Kanta]]'' (2015)
#* With [[Jisshu Sengupta]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (3 films)
#** ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (2015 film)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'' (2015)
#** ''[[Byomkesh O Chiriyakhana]]'' (2016)
#** ''[[Byomkesh O Agnibaan]]'' (2017)
#* With [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** [[Satyanweshi Byomkesh]] (2019)
#* With [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] as Byomkesh Bakshi (1 film)
#** [[Byomkesh O Durgo Rahasya]] (2023)
#''' [[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (series)|Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne trilogy]] ''' (3 films){{efn|If the Hindi animated film ''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' is taken into account, the number of films in the franchisee will increase by one and the franchisee must, then, be counted under bilingual or multi-lingual heading.}}
#* ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969)
#* ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]'' (1980)
#* ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]'' (1992)
#''' Aranye film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aranyer Din Ratri]]'' (1970)
#* ''[[Abar Aranye]]'' (2003)
#''' [[Feluda in film|Feluda film series]]''' (13 films)
#* With [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Feluda (2 films)
#** ''[[Sonar Kella]]'' (1974)
#** ''[[Joi Baba Felunath (film)|Joi Baba Felunath]]'' (1979)
#* With [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] as Feluda (8 films)
#** ''[[Baksho Rahashya (film)|Baksho Rahashya]]'' (2001){{efn|Initially it was a [[Television film]] made for the [[Feluda#Telefilms|Feluda 30 TV Series]] which aired on [[DD Bangla]] in 1996. Later it was released in Nandan Complex and as DVD & VCD in 2001. Click [[Feluda#Films|here]] and [[Baksho Rahashya (film)|here]] for further details.}}
#** ''[[Bombaiyer Bombete (film)|Bombaiyer Bombete]]'' (2003)
#** ''[[Kailashey Kelenkari (film)|Kailashey Kelenkari]]'' (2007)
#** ''[[Tintorettor Jishu (film)|Tintorettor Jishu]]'' (2008)
#** ''[[Gorosthaney Sabdhan (film)|Gorosthaney Sabdhan]]'' (2010)
#** ''[[Royal Bengal Rohosso]]'' (2011)
#** ''[[Doorbeen]]'' (2014){{efn|name=Crossover}}
#** ''[[Double Feluda]]'' (2016)
#* With [[Abir Chatterjee]] as Feluda (1 film)
#** ''[[Badshahi Angti (film)|Badshahi Angti]]'' (2014)
#* With [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Feluda (2 films)
#** ''[[Hatyapuri]]'' (2022)
#** ''[[Nayan Rahasya]]'' (2024)
#''' [[Kakababu in other media#Films|Kakababu film series]]''' (6 films)
#* With [[Samit Bhanja]] as Kakababu (1 film)
#** ''[[Sabuj Dwiper Raja]]'' (1979)
#* With [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] as Kakababu (2 films)
#** ''[[Kakababu Here Gelen?]]'' (1995)
#** ''[[Ek Tukro Chand]]'' (2001)
#* With [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Kakababu (4 films)
#** ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'' (2013)
#** ''[[Yeti Obhijaan]]'' (2017)
#** ''[[Kakababur Protyaborton]]'' (2022)
#**''[[Vijaynagar'er Hirey]]'' (2025)
#''' Banchha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Banchharamer Bagan]]'' (1980)
#* ''[[Banchha Elo Phire]]'' (2016)
#''' Anjan-Mamata film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kharij]]'' (1982)
#* ''[[Palan (film)|Palan]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/kaushik-gangulys-next-palan-a-tribute-to-mrinal-sens-kharij-479025 | title=Kaushik Ganguly's next 'Palan', a tribute to Mrinal Sen's 'Kharij' | date=21 May 2022 }}</ref>
#''' Agantuk film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Agantuk]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Agantuker Pore]]'' (2016)
#''' [[Fatakeshto (film series)|Fatakeshto film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[MLA Fatakeshto]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Minister Fatakeshto]]'' (2007)
#''' The Bongs film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[The Bong Connection]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[The Bongs Again]]'' (2017)
#''' Cross Connection film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Cross Connection]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Cross Connection 2]]'' (2015)
#'''[[Srijit Mukherji's Cop Universe]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Vinci Da]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Dawshom Awbotaar]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijits-dasham-avatar-will-be-all-about-suspense-and-thrill/articleshow/99632102.cms?from=mdr|title=Srijit's 'Dasham Avatar' will be all about suspense and thrill|newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 April 2023}}</ref>
#'''Society film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Killbill Society]]'' (2025)
#''' Gogol film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Goyenda Gogol]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Gogoler Kirti]]'' (2014)
#''' Boss film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Boss: Born to Rule]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]'' (2017)
#''' [[Chander Pahar (franchise)#Film|Chander Pahar film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Amazon Obhijaan]]'' (2017)
#''' [[Agnee (franchise)|Agnee film series]]''' (2 films){{efn|While the first installment was produced in Bangladesh, the sequel is an [[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]].}}
#* ''[[Agnee (2014 film)|Agnee]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Agnee 2]]'' (2015)
#''' [[Goenda Shabor (film series)|Goenda Shabor film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Ebar Shabor]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Eagoler Chokh]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Aschhe Abar Shabor]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Tirandaj Shabor]]'' (2022)
#''' [[Kiriti Roy]] film series''' (4 films)
#* With [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Kiriti Roy (2 films)
#** ''[[Kiriti O Kalo Bhromor]]'' (2016)
#** ''[[Nilacholey Kiriti]]'' (2018)
#* With [[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] as Kiriti Roy (1 film)
#** ''[[Kiriti Roy (2016 film)|Kiriti Roy]]'' (2016)
#* With [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Kiriti Roy (1 film)
#** ''[[Ebong Kiriti]]'' (2017)
#'''Detective Chandrakanta film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Shororipu]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Shororipu 2: Jotugriho]]'' (2021)
#'''Padma-Naseer film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bishorjan]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Bijoya]]'' (2019)
#''' Jawkher Dhan film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Jawker Dhan]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Sagardwipey Jawker Dhan]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Sonar Kellay Jawker Dhan]]'' (2025)
#''' Haami film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Haami]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Haami 2]]'' (2022)
#''' Sonada film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Guptodhoner Sandhane]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Durgeshgorer Guptodhon]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Karnasubarner Guptodhon]]'' (2022)
#*''[[Saptadingar Guptodhon]]'' (TBA)
#''' Bibaho Obhijaan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bibaho Obhijaan]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Abar Bibaho Obhijaan]]'' (2023)
#''' Mitin Mashi film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mitin Mashi]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Jongole Mitin Mashi]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Ekti Khunir Sandhane Mitin]]''
#'''Cheeni film series''' (2 films)
#* ''Cheeni'' (2020)
#* ''[[Cheeni 2]]'' (2023)
#''' [[Ekenbabu]] film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[The Eken]]'' (2022)
#* '' [[The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/eken-babu-travels-to-jaisalmer-and-jodhpur-for-the-eken-ruddhaswas-rajasthan/cid/1895231 | title=Eken Babu travels to Jaisalmer and Jodhpur for the Eken — Ruddhaswas Rajasthan }}</ref>
#* ''[[The Eken: Benaras e Bibhishika]]'' (2025)
#''' Raktabeej film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Raktabeej]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Raktabeej 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Ghoton film series''' (2 films)
#*[[Rainbow Jelly]] (2018)
#*[[Pokkhirajer Dim]] (2025)

{{div col end}}

===Common diegetic world===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' [[Pratidwandi|Calcutta trilogy]]''' by [[Satyajit Ray]] (3 films)
#* ''[[Pratidwandi]]'' (1970)
#* ''[[Seemabaddha]]'' (1971)
#* ''[[Jana Aranya]]'' (1976)
#''' [[Interview (1971 film)|Calcutta trilogy]]''' by [[Mrinal Sen]] (3 films)
#* ''[[Interview (1971 film)|Interview]]'' (1971)
#* ''[[Calcutta 71]]'' (1972)
#* ''[[Padatik (1973 film)|Padatik]]'' (1973)
#''' Bou film series''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Choto Bou]]'' (1988)
#* ''[[Mejo Bou]]'' (1995)
#* ''[[Boro Bou]]'' (1997)
#* ''[[Sundar Bou]]'' (1999)
#* ''[[Sejo Bou]]'' (2003)
#''' Chirodini Tumi Je Amar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar 2]]'' (2014)
#''' Challenge film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Challenge (2009 film)|Challenge]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Challenge 2]]'' (2012)
#''' Amanush film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Amanush (2010 film)|Amanush]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Amanush 2]]'' (2015)
#''' Paglu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Paglu]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Paglu 2]]'' (2012)
#''' Khoka film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Khokababu]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Khoka 420]]'' (2013)
#'''Prem Amar film series ''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Prem Amar]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Prem Amar 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Bela Sheshe film series ''' (2 films)
#*''[[Bela Seshe]]'' (2015)
#*''[[Belashuru]]'' (2022)
{{div col end}}

== Bhojpuri ==

{{see also|Bhojpuri cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#'''Bairi Kangana film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Bairi Kangana]]'' (1982)
#*''[[Bairi Kangana 2]]'' (2018)

#'''Pandit Ji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pandit Ji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Pandit Ji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi 2]]'' (2015)<ref name="bhoj2">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-rickshawala-2-to-sajan-chale-sasural-2-bhojpuri-sequels-that-became-hits/photostory/65733123.cms 'Nirahua Rickshawala 2' To 'Sajan Chale Sasural 2': Bhojpuri Sequels That Became Hits]. ''[[Times of India]]''.</ref>

#'''Ganga series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Ganga (2006 film)|Ganga]]'' (2006)
#*''[[Gangotri (2007 film)|Gangotri]]'' (2007)

#'''Nirahua Rikshawala series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nirahua Rickshawala]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Nirahua Rickshawala 2]]'' (2015)<ref name="bhoj2"/>

#'''Pratigya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pratigya (2008 film)|Pratigya]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Pratigya 2]]'' (2014)<ref name="bhoj2"/>

#'''Darar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Darar (film)|Darar]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Darar 2]]'' (2018)

#'''Sajan Chale Sasural film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sajan Chale Sasural (2011 film)|Sajan Chale Sasural]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Sajan Chale Sasural 2]]'' (2016)<ref name="bhoj2"/>

#'''Truck Driver film series'''
#* ''[[Truck Driver (2011 film)|Truck Driver]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Truck Driver 2]]'' (2016)

#'''Ek Duje Ke Liye film series'''
#* ''[[Ek Duje Ke Liye (2012 film)|Ek Duje Ke Liye]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Ek Duje Ke Liye 2]]'' (2021)<ref>[https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/new-bhojpuri-movie-ek-duje-ke-liye-2-trailer-pawan-singh-sahar-afsha-madhu-2536398/ New Bhojpuri Movie Ek Duje Ke Liye 2 Trailer Pawan Singh, Sahar Afsa, Madhu]. ''[[NDTV India]]''.</ref>

#'''Nirahua Hindustani film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Nirahua Hindustani]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Nirahua Hindustani 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Nirahua Hindustani 3]]'' (2018)

#'''Laadla film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Laadla (2015 film)|Laadla]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Laadla 2]]'' (2023)

#'''Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se 2]]'' (2018)

#'''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 2]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3]]'' (2020)

#'''Sangharsh film series'''
#* ''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Sangharsh 2]]'' (2023)

#'''Vivah film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vivah (2019 film)|Vivah]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Vivah 2]]'' (2021)
{{div col end}}

=== Common diegetic world ===
#'''Nirahua Chalal film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Nirahua Chalal Sasural]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Nirahua Chalal Sasural 2]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Nirahua Chalal London]]'' (2019)

== Bodo ==

{{see also|Bodo cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#'''Hainamuli film series''' (7 films)
#*''[[Hainamuli]]'' (2009)
#*''[[Hainamuli 2]]'' (2010)
#*''[[Hainamuli 3]]'' (2011)
#*''[[Hainamuli 4]]'' (2013)
#*''[[Hainamuli 5]]'' (2009)
#*''[[Hainamuli 6]]'' (2014)
#*''[[Hainamuli 7]]'' (2019)
{{div col end}}

== Chhattisgarhi ==
{{see also|Chhattisgarhi cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

# '''Mor Chhainha Bhuinya film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mor Chhainha Bhuinya]]'' (2000)
#* ''[[Mor Chhainha Bhuinya 2]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Mor Chhainha Bhuinya 3]]'' (2025)
# '''Mayaa film series'''
#* [[Mayaa (2009 film)|Mayaa]] (2009)
#* [[Mayaa 2]] (2019)
# '''B.A. film series''' (3 films)
#* [[B.A. First Year]] (2013)
#* [[B.A. Second Year]] (2017)
#* [[B.A. Final Year]] (2024)
# '''Raja Chhattisgarhiya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Raja Chhattisgarhiya]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Raja Chhattisgarhiya 2]]'' (2016)
# '''3 Than Bhokwa film series''' (2 films)
#* [[3 Than Bhokwa]] (2017)
#* [[3 Than Bhokwa Returns]] (2021)

==Deccani==

{{see also|Deccani film industry}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
# '''The Angrez film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[The Angrez]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[The Angrez 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Hyderabad Nawabs film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs 2]]'' (2019)
# '''Stepney film series''' (2 films)
#* ''Stepney'' (2014)
#* ''Stepney 2 Returns'' (2017)

=== Common diegetic world ===
# '''[[Gullu Dada]] film series''' (7 films)
#*''[[FM Fun Aur Masti]]'' (2007)
#* ''Gullu Dada Returns'' (2010)
#* ''Gullu Dada 3'' (2012)
#* ''Gullu Dada 4'' (2013)
#* ''Gangs of Hyderabad'' (2015)
#* ''Gullu Dada 5'' (2017)
#* ''Inspector Gullu'' (2017)

== Gujarati ==

{{see also|Gujarati cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
# '''Maiyar Ma Manadu Nathi Lagtu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Maiyar Ma Manadu Nathi Lagtu]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Maiyar Ma Manadu Nathi Lagtu Part II]]'' (2008)<ref name="Indian Expressv">{{cite web | title=Surat filmmaker bags Dada Saheb Phalke Academy Award | website=The Indian Express | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/surat-filmmaker-bags-dada-saheb-phalke-academy-award/784103/ | access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>
# '''Shikaar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Shikaar - A Murder Mystery]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Shikaar 2]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Shikaar-2's director shares his spooky experiences |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/shikaar-2-director-shares-his-spooky-experiences/articleshow/36426477.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 January 2017}}</ref>
# '''Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chal-man-jeetva-jaiye/movieshow/62526752.cms |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#* ''[[Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye 2]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye 2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chal-man-jeetva-jaiye-2/movieshow/97911543.cms |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
# '''Rocky in Risk film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Rocky in Risk]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Rocky in Risk 2]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky in Risk 2 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bayana/movies/rocky-in-risk-2/ET00373618 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
# '''Vash film series''' (2 films)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-11 |title=‘Vash Level 2’ Wraps Up: Krishnadev Yagnik's horror thriller sequel moves closer to release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/vash-level-2-wraps-up-krishnadev-yagniks-horror-thriller-sequel-moves-closer-to-release/articleshow/118883692.cms |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#* ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Vash: Level 2]]'' (2025)

=== Common diegetic world ===
# '''Gujjubhai film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Gujjubhai the Great]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[GujjuBhai - Most Wanted]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/gujjubhai-2-shooting-from-feb-end/articleshow/57143375.cms|title = Gujjubhai 2 shoot goes on floors from February end|website = [[The Times of India]]| last1=Jambhekar | first1=Shruti }}</ref>
# '''Fakt Maate film series''' (2 films)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-07-11 |title='Fakt Purusho Maate' questions generational patriarchy and endorses gender equality," says producer Anand Pandit |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/fakt-purusho-maate-questions-generational-patriarchy-and-endorses-gender-equality-says-producer-anand-pandit-1809703 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>
#* ''[[Fakt Mahilao Maate]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]'' (2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Amitabh Bachchan Plays God Cameo in Sequel 'Fakt Purusho Maate': 'His Enduring Stardom Is a Phenomenon' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/amitabh-bachchan-god-cameo-fakt-purusho-maate-1236029542/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=8 June 2024}}</ref>

== Haryanvi ==

{{see also|Haryanvi cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
#'''Chandrawal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chandrawal]]'' (1982)
#* ''[[Chandrawal 2]]'' (2012)

=== Common diegetic world ===
#'''Chora film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chora Jaat Ka]]'' (1985)
#* ''[[Chora Haryane Ka]]'' (1987)

== Hindi ==

{{see also|Hindi cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' Hunterwali film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hunterwali]]'' (1935)
#* ''[[Hunterwali Ki Beti]]'' (1943)
#''' Jewel Thief film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jewel Thief (1967 film)|Jewel Thief]]'' (1967)
#* ''[[Return of Jewel Thief]]'' (1996)
#''' Arun film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se]]'' (1978)
#* ''[[Jaana Pehchana]]'' (2011)
#''' [[Don (franchise)|Don film series]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)
#* ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don: The Chase Begins Again]]'' (2006){{efn|It is the remake of the original ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' film made in 1978.}}
#* ''[[Don 2|Don 2: The King is Back]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Don 3]]'' (TBA)
#''' Gunmaster G9 film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Surakshaa|Surakksha]]'' (1979)
#* ''[[Wardaat|Wardat]]'' (1981)
#''' Nagin film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'' (1986)
#* ''[[Nigahen: Nagina Part II]]'' (1989)
# '''Ghayal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Ghayal: Once Again]]'' (2016)
#'''Sadak film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sadak]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Sadak 2]]'' (2020)
#'''Border film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'' (1997)
#* ''[[Border 2 (film)|Border 2]]'' (2026)
#''' Hyderabad Blues film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hyderabad Blues]]'' (1998)
#* ''[[Hyderabad Blues 2]]'' (2004)
#''' [[Gangster (film series)|Gangster film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998)
#* ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[D (film)|D]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Satya 2]]'' (2013){{efn|name=HinTel}}
#''' Raghu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vaastav]]'' (1999)
#* ''[[Hathyar (2002 film)|Hathyar]]'' (2002)
#''' [[Hera Pheri (film series)|Hera Pheri film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'' (2000)
#* ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Hera Pheri 3]]'' (TBA)
#''' Style-Xcuse Me film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Xcuse Me]]'' (2003)
#'''Gadar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Gadar 2|Gadar 2: The Katha Continues]]'' (2023)
#''' [[Krrish (franchise)|Krrish film series]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Krrish]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013)
#''' [[Dhoom (film series)|Dhoom Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Dhoom]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Dhoom 2]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013)
#'''Ab Tak Chhappan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ab Tak Chhappan]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Ab Tak Chhappan 2]]'' (2015)
#''' [[Sarkar (film series)|Sarkar Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Sarkar 3]]'' (2017)
#'''Bunty Aur Babli film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]'' (2021)
#'''Tom, Dick and Harry film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Tom, Dick, and Harry (2006 film)|Tom, Dick, and Harry]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Tom, Dick, and Harry, Rock Again!]]'' (2009)
#'''Bheja Fry film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bheja Fry (film)|Bheja Fry]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Bheja Fry 2]]'' (2011)
#''' [[Welcome (film series)|Welcome series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Welcome Back (film)|Welcome Back]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Welcome to the Jungle]]'' (2026)
#''' [[Dhamaal (film series)|Dhamaal Tetralogy]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Dhamaal]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Double Dhamaal]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Total Dhamaal]]'' (2019)
#* ''Dhamaal 4'' (2026)
#''' Ghatothkach film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ghatothkach]]'' (2008)
#* ''Ghatothkach 2'' (2013)
#''' Phoonk film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Phoonk]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Phoonk 2]]'' (2010)
#''' Jumbo film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Jumbo 2: The Return of the Big Elephant]]'' (2011)
#'''Bhoothnath film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bhoothnath]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]'' (2014)
#'''Rock On!! film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Rock On!!]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Rock On 2|Rock On II]]'' (2016)
#''' [[Race (film series)|Race Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Race 2]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Race 3]]'' (2018)
#'''Rakta Charitra film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=HinTel}}
#* ''[[Rakta Charitra]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Rakta Charitra 2|Rakt Charitra: Part II]]'' (2010)
#'''Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!]]'' (2013)
#'''Ishqiya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ishqiya]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]'' (2014)
#''' Dunno Y... film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dunno Y... Na Jaane Kyon]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Dunno Y2... Life Is a Moment]]'' (2015)
#''' [[Dabangg (film series)|Dabangg Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Dabangg]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' (2019)
#'''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Khichdi: The Movie]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Khichdi 2: Mission Paanthukistan]]'' (2023)
#'''Ragini MMS film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ragini MMS]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Ragini MMS 3]]'' (TBA)
#'''Tanu Weds Manu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Tanu Weds Manu: Returns]]'' (2015)
#'''[[Force (film series)|Force film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Force 2]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Force 3]]'' (TBA)
#'''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster (film series)|Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster film Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]'' (2018)
#''' [[Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Singham]]'' (2011){{efn|It is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Singam]]''}}
#* ''[[Singham Returns]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Singham Again]]'' (2024)
#''' [[Chhota Bheem]] film series''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan (2012 film)|Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Chhota Bheem and the Throne of Bali]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Chhota Bheem: Himalayan Adventure]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Chhota Bheem Kung Fu Dhamaka]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan (2024 film)|Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan]]'' (2024)<ref>{{cite web |title='Chhota Bheem' live-action film gets release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chhota-bheem-live-action-film-gets-release-date/article67942419.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
#''' [[Gangs of Wasseypur|Gangs of Wasseypur film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2]]'' (2012)
#'''Oh My God film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[OMG – Oh My God!]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[OMG 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Student of the Year Series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Student of the Year]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Student of the Year 2]]'' (2019)
#'''[[YRF Spy Universe]]''' (7 Films)
#* ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
#* ''Alpha'' (2026)
#''' [[Jolly LLB (film series)|Jolly LLB film series]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Jolly LLB]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Jolly LLB 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Jolly LLB 3]]'' (2025)
#''' [[Commando (film series)|Commando Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Commando: A One Man Army]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]'' (2019)
#'''[[Fukrey (film series)|Fukrey film Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Fukrey]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Fukrey Returns]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Fukrey 3]]'' (2023)
#'''Mardaani Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mardaani]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Mardaani 3]]'' (2026)
#'''Baby film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Naam Shabana]]'' (2017){{efn|A spin-off prequel to ''Baby''.}}
#'''Drishyam film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Drishyam (2015 film)|Drishyam]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Drishyam 3]]'' (2026)
#'''Happy Bhag Jayegi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Happy Bhag Jayegi]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi]]'' (2018)
#'''[[Maddock Horror Comedy Universe]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Stree 2]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Thamma]]'' (2025)
#'''Raid film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Raid 2 (film)|Raid 2]]'' (2025)
#'''De De Pyaar De''' (2 films)
#* ''[[De De Pyaar De]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[De De Pyaar De 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Khuda Haafiz film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Khuda Haafiz: Chapter 2 – Agni Pariksha]]'' (2022)
#'''Chhorii film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chhorii]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Chhorii 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Haseen Dillruba film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Haseen Dillruba]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Phir Aayi Hasseen Dillruba]]'' (2024)
#'''Kaagaz film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kaagaz]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Kaagaz 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Silence film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout]]'' (2024)
#'''Vadh film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vadh (2022 film)|Vadh]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Vadh 2]]'' (2026)
#'''Dhurandhar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025)
#* ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]'' (2026)
{{div col end}}

===Common diegetic world===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' Love in Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Love in Simla]]'' (1960)
#* ''[[Love in Tokyo]]'' (1966)
#* ''[[Love in Bombay]]'' (2013)
#''' Khosla-Sadhana Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Woh Kaun Thi?]]'' (1964)
#* ''[[Mera Saaya]]'' (1966)
#* ''[[Anita (1967 film)|Anita]]'' (1967)
#''' Basu Bhattacharya Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Anubhav (1971 film)|Anubhav]]'' (1971)
#* ''[[Avishkaar]]'' (1973)
#* ''[[Griha Pravesh (1979 film)|Griha]]'' (1979)
#'''Aashiqui film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' (2013)
#''' [[Khiladi (franchise)|Khiladi film series]]''' (8 films)
#* ''[[Khiladi (1992 film)|Khiladi]]'' (1992)
#* ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]'' (1994)
#* ''[[Sabse Bada Khiladi]]'' (1995)
#* ''[[Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi]]'' (1997)
#* ''[[International Khiladi]]'' (1999)
#* ''[[Khiladi 420]]'' (2000)
#* ''[[Khiladi 786]]'' (2012)
#''' No. 1 (film series)''' (8 films)
#* Starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] (6 films)
#** ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (1995)
#** ''[[Hero No. 1]]'' (1997)
#** ''[[Aunty No. 1]]'' (1998)
#** ''[[Anari No.1|Anari No. 1]]'' (1999)
#** ''[[Beti No.1|Beti No. 1]]'' (2000)
#** ''[[Jodi No.1 (film)|Jodi No. 1]]'' (2001)
#* Directed by [[David Dhawan]] (6 films)
#** ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (1995)
#** ''[[Hero No. 1]]'' (1997)
#** ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999)
#** ''[[Jodi No.1 (film)|Jodi No. 1]]'' (2001)
#** ''[[Shaadi No. 1]]'' (2005)
#** ''[[Coolie No. 1 (2020 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (2020)
#* Produced by [[Vashu Bhagnani]] (6 films)
#** ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (1995)
#** ''[[Hero No. 1]]'' (1997)
#** ''[[Anari No.1]]'' (1999)
#** ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999)
#** ''[[Shaadi No. 1]]'' (2005)
#** ''[[Coolie No. 1 (2020 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (2020)
#''' [[Elements trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Fire (1996 film)|Fire]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Earth (1998 film)|Earth]]'' (1998)
#* ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'' (2005)
#''' Sudhir Mishra Thriller film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Yeh Saali Zindagi]]'' (2011)
#'''Judwaa film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Judwaa]]'' (1997)
#* ''[[Judwaa 2]]'' (2017)
#'''Satya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998)
#* ''[[Satya 2]]'' (2013){{efn|name=HinTel}}
#'''Tum Bin film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Tum Bin]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Tum Bin II]]'' (2016)
#'''Deewana Paagal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Awara Paagal Deewana]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[Deewane Huye Paagal]]'' (2005)
#''' [[Raaz (film series)|Raaz Tetralogy]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[Raaz: The Mystery Continues]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Raaz 3D|Raaz 3D: The Third Dimension]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Raaz: Reboot]]'' (2016)
#''' Darna Mana/Zaroori Hai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Darna Mana Hai]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]'' (2006)
#''' [[Munna Bhai (film series)|Munna Bhai film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006)
#''' Bhoot film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Bhoot Returns]]'' (2012)
#'''Jism film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Jism 2]]'' (2012)
#'''Gangaajal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gangaajal]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Jai Gangaajal]]'' (2016)
#'''Hungama film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Hungama 2]]'' (2021)
#'''Ishq Vishk film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]'' (2024)
#'''Andaaz film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Andaaz]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Andaaz 2]]'' (2025)
#''' [[Murder (film series)|Murder Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Murder 2]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Murder 3]]'' (2013)
#''' [[Masti (film series)|Masti Tetralogy]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Grand Masti]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Great Grand Masti]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Mastiii 4]]'' (2025)
#''' Julie film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Julie (2004 film)|Julie]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Julie 2]]'' (2017)
#''' Tauba Tauba film series'''
#* ''[[Tauba Tauba]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Phir Tauba Tauba]]'' (2008)
#''' [[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum (film series)|Kyaa Kool Hain Hum Trilogy]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Kyaa Kool Hai Hum]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]'' (2016)
#''' Hanuman Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Hanuman (2005 film)|Hanuman]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Return of Hanuman]]'' (2007){{efn|However, the starting notifications of the film declare it as an original work and not as a sequel to any previous film.<ref>[[Return of Hanuman]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1169841/|title = Return of Hanuman|website = [[IMDb]]}} {{unreliable source?|date=September 2022}}</ref>}}
#* ''[[Hanuman: Da' Damdaar]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.perceptindia.in/percept_news_inner.aspx?id=1742|title = Percept- an Entertainment, Media, Communications & Intellectual properties Conglomerate}}</ref>
#'''Malamaal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Malamaal Weekly]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Kamaal Dhamaal Malamaal]]'' (2012)
#'''Side Effects film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Shaadi Ke Side Effects]]'' (2014)
#'''Aksar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aksar]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Aksar 2]]'' (2017)
#''' [[Golmaal (film series)|Golmaal film series]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Golmaal: Fun Unlimited|Golmaal]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Golmaal Returns]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Golmaal 3]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Golmaal 5]]''
#'''Metro film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Metro... In Dino]]'' (2025)
#''' My Friend Ganesha Tetralogy''' (4 films)
#* ''[[My Friend Ganesha]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[My Friend Ganesha 2]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[My Friend Ganesha 3]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[My Friend Ganesha 4]]'' (2013)
#'''Shootout film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Shootout at Wadala]]'' (2013)
#''' Bal Ganesh Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Bal Ganesh]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Bal Ganesh 2]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Bal Ganesh 3]]'' (2015)
#'''Surroor film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aap Kaa Surroor (film)|Aap Kaa Surroor]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Teraa Surroor]]'' (2016)
#'''Namastey film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Namastey London]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Namaste England]]'' (2018)
#'''Bhool Bhulaiyaa film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' (2024)
#'''Awarapan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Awarapan]]'' (2007)
#* ''Awarapan 2'' (2026)
#''' [[1920 (film series)|1920 Pentalogy]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[1920 (film)|1920]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[1920: Evil Returns]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[1920: London]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[1921 (Bollywood film)|1921]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[1920: Horrors of the Heart]]'' (2023)
#'''Love Aaj Kal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2020)
#'''Haunted film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Haunted – 3D]]'' (2011)
#*''[[Haunted 3D: Ghosts of the Past]]'' (2026)
#'''Jannat film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jannat (2008 film)|Jannat]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Jannat 2]]'' (2012)
#'''Singh Is Kinng film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' (2015)
#'''Taare Zameen Par film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Sitaare Zameen Par (film)|Sitaare Zameen Par]]'' (2025)
#'''Tere Bin Laden film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Tere Bin Laden]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive]]'' (2016)
#'''Atithi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge?]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Guest iin London]]'' (2017)
#''' [[Housefull (film series)|Housefull Pentalogy]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Housefull 2]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Housefull 3]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Housefull 4]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Housefull 5]]'' (2025)
#'''Love Sex Aur Dhokha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Love Sex Aur Dhokha]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Love Sex Aur Dhokha 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Pyaar Ka Punchnama film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Yamla Pagla Deewana Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana: Phir Se]]'' (2018)
#''' [[Hate Story (film series)|Hate Story Tetralogy]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Hate Story]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Hate Story 2]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Hate Story 3]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Hate Story 4]]'' (2018)
#'''Kahaani franchise''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Kahaani]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Bob Biswas (film)|Bob Biswas]]'' (2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-bachchan-starrer-kahaani-prequel-titled-bob-biswas-shah-rukh-khan-to-produce/articleshow/72220894.cms|title=Abhishek Bachchan starrer 'Kahaani' spin-off titled 'Bob Biswas', Shah Rukh Khan to produce|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 November 2019|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
#'''Son of Sardaar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Son of Sardaar 2]]'' (2025)
#'''B.A. Pass Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[B.A. Pass]]'' (2013)
#* ''B.A. Pass 2'' (2017)
#* ''B.A. Pass 3'' (2021)
#'''ABCD film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[ABCD: Any Body Can Dance]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[ABCD 2]]'' (2015){{efn|''[[Street Dancer 3D]]'' (2020), originally titled ''[[ABCD 3]]'', was planned as a sequel but later released independently after the original producers pulled out.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's why Street Dancer 3D could not be titled ABCD3|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-why-street-dancer-3d-could-not-be-titled-abcd3-32421.html|access-date=2021-02-15|website=filmfare.com|language=en|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023124932/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-why-street-dancer-3d-could-not-be-titled-abcd3-32421.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
#'''Anthology Tetralogy''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Lust Stories]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Ghost Stories (2020 film)|Ghost Stories]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Lust Stories 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Dulhania film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'' (2017)
#'''Heropanti film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Heropanti]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Heropanti 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Ek Villain film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ek Villain]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Ek Villain Returns]]'' (2022)
#'''The Xposé film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[The Xposé]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Badass Ravi Kumar]]'' (2025)
#'''Yaariyan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Yaariyan (2014 film)|Yaariyan]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Yaariyan 2]]'' (2023)
#'''MSG film series''' (4 films)
#* The Messenger films (2 films)
#** ''[[MSG: The Messenger]]'' (2015)
#** ''[[MSG-2 The Messenger]]'' (2015)
#* The Lion Heart films (2 films)
#** ''[[MSG: The Warrior Lion Heart]]'' (2016)
#** ''[[Hind Ka Napak Ko Jawab: MSG Lion Heart 2]]'' (2017)
#'''[[Baaghi (film series)|Baaghi Tetralogy]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Baaghi (2016 film)|Baaghi]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Baaghi 2]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Baaghi 3]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Baaghi 4]]'' (2025)
#'''Medium film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Hindi Medium]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Angrezi Medium]]'' (2020)
#'''Shubh Mangal Saavdhan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'' (2020)
#'''Badhaai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Badhaai Ho]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Badhaai Do]]'' (2022)
#'''Dhadak film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dhadak]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Dhadak 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Satyameva Jayate film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Satyameva Jayate 2]]'' (2021)
#'''Vasant Bala film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]'' (2022)
#'''Dream Girl film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dream Girl (2019 film)|Dream Girl]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Dream Girl 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Files Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[The Tashkent Files]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[The Kashmir Files]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[The Bengal Files]]'' (2025)
#'''Newz film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Good Newwz]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]'' (2024)
#'''Kesari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Confidential film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[London Confidential]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Lahore Confidential]]'' (2021)
#'''The Diary film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[The Diary of West Bengal]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Draft:The Diary of Manipur|The Diary of Manipur]]'' (2026)
{{div col end}}

== Kannada ==

{{see also|Cinema of Karnataka}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' [[List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs|James Bond-type series]]''' (4 Films)
#*''[[Jedara Bale]]'' (1968)
#*''[[Goa Dalli CID 999]]'' (1968)
#*''[[Operation Jackpot Nalli C.I.D 999]]'' (1969)
#*''[[Operation Diamond Racket]]'' (1978)
#''' Gandhada Gudi film series''' (2 Films)
#*''[[Gandhada Gudi]]'' (1973)
#*''[[Gandhada Gudi Part 2]]'' (1994)
#''' Antha film series''' (2 Films)
#*''[[Antha (film)|Antha]]'' (1981)
#*''[[Operation Antha]]'' (1995)
#''' Sangliyana film series''' (3 Films)
#*''[[Sangliyana]]'' (1988)
#*''[[S. P. Sangliyana Part 2]]'' (1988)
#*''[[Sangliyana Part 3]]'' (1997)
#''' Upendra film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999)
#* ''[[Uppi 2]]'' (2015)
#''' [[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (film series)|Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Kothigalu Saar Kothigalu]]'' (2001)
#* ''[[Katthegalu Saar Katthegalu]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[Chathrigalu Saar Chathrigalu]]'' (2013)
#''' Kotigobba film series''' (3 Films)
#*''[[Kotigobba]]'' (2001)
#*''[[Kotigobba 2]]'' (2016)
#*''[[Kotigobba 3]]'' (2021)
#''' Rakhta Kanneeru film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Rakhta Kanneeru]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Katariveera Surasundarangi]]'' (2012)
#''' Nagavalli film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Apthamitra]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Aptharakshaka]]'' (2010)
#''' Deadly film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Deadly Soma]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Deadly-2]]'' (2010)
#''' Jogi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jogi (2005 film)|Jogi]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Jogayya]]'' (2011)
#''' Care of Footpath film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Care of Footpath]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Care of Footpath 2]]'' (2008)
#''' Mungaru Male film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Mungaru Male]]'' (2006)
#*''[[Mungaru Male 2]]'' (2016)
#''' Gaalipata film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Gaalipata]]'' (2008)
#*''[[Gaalipata 2]]'' (2022)
#''' Krishnan film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Krishnan Love Story]]'' (2010)
#*''[[Krishnan Marriage Story]]'' (2011)
#'''[[Dandupalya (franchise)|Dandupalya film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Dandupalya 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Dandupalya 3]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Dandupalya 4]]'' (2019)
#''' Rambo film series''' (2 films)
#*'' [[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'' (2012)
#*''[[Raambo 2]]'' (2018)
#'''Kalpana film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kalpana (2012 film)|Kalpana]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Kalpana 2]]'' (2016)
#''' Bhajarangi series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Bhajarangi]]'' (2013)
#*''[[Bhajarangi 2]]'' (2021)
#''' Drishya film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Drishya]]'' (2014)
#*''[[Drishya 2]]'' (2021)
#''' Adyaksha film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Adyaksha]]'' (2014)
#*''[[Upadhyaksha]]'' (2024)
#''' Namo Bhootatma film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Namo Bhootatma]]'' (2014)
#*''[[Namo Bhootatma 2]]'' (2023)
#'''[[KGF (film series)|K.G.F. film series]]''' (3 films)
#*''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]'' (2018)
#*''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]'' (2022)
#*''[[K.G.F: Chapter 3]]'' (TBA)
#''' Love Mocktail film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[Love Mocktail]]'' (2020)
#*''[[Love Mocktail 2]]'' (2022)
#*''Love Mocktail 3'' (2026)
#''' Shivaji Surathkal film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Shivaji Surathkal]]'' (2020)
#*''[[Shivaji Surathkal 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Kantara film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Kantara: Chapter 1]]'' (2025)
#* ''[[Kantara: Chapter 2]]'' (2027)
#'''Avatara Purusha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Avatara Purusha (2022 film)|Avatara Purusha]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Avatara Purusha 2]]'' (2024)<ref>[https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/kannada-actor-sharan-acted-avatara-purusha-2-cinema-latest-news-updated-by-director-simple-suni-rvj-pvn-1188662.html Avatara Purusha 2 update by director Simple Suni]. ''[[News18 Kannada]]''.</ref>
#'''Totapuri film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Totapuri: Chapter 1]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Totapuri: Chapter 2]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Y. Maheswara |date=6 July 2023 |title=Another chapter |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/another-chapter/articleshow/101523584.cms |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
#'''Sapta Sagaradaache Ello film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sapta Sagaradaache Ello - Side A]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Sapta Sagaradaache Ello - Side B]]'' (2023)
{{div col end}}

=== Common diegetic world ===
{{Colbegin}}
#''' Ganesha film series''' (6 films)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/05ssg.htm | title=Review: Ganesha Maththe Bandha | work = [[Rediff.com]] }}</ref>
#*''[[Ganeshana Maduve]]'' (1990)
#*''[[Gauri Ganesha]]'' (1991)
#*''[[Ganesha Subramanya]]'' (1992)
#*''[[Ganeshana Galate]]'' (1995)
#*''[[Ganesha I Love You]]'' (1997)
#*''[[Ganesha Matte Banda]]'' (2008)
#'''Golmaal film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Golmaal Radhakrishna]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Golmaal Part 2]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Samsaaradalli Golmaal]]'' (2012)
#''' Police Story film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[Police Story (1996 film)|Police Story]]'' (1996)
#*''[[Police Story 2 (2007 film)|Police Story 2]]'' (2007)
#*''[[Police Story 3 (2011 film)|Police Story 3]]'' (2011)
#''' Huchcha film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Huchcha]]'' (2001)
#*''[[Huccha 2]]'' (2018)
#''' Kariya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kariya (film)|Kariya]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Kariya 2]]'' (2017)
#''' Savaari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Savaari (2009 film)|Savaari]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Savaari 2]]'' (2014)
#'''Olave Mandara film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Olave Mandara]]'' (2011)
#* ''Olave Mandara 2'' (2023)
#''' Kempegowda film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Kempe Gowda 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Kendasampige film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kendasampige]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Popcorn Monkey Tiger]]'' (2020)
#'''Birbal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Birbal Trilogy]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Ghost (2023 film)|Ghost]]'' (2023)
#''' Victory film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Victory (2013 film)|Victory]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Victory 2]]'' (2018)
{{Colend}}

== Meitei / Manipuri ==

{{see also|Meitei cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#'''Nungshi Feijei film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nungshi Feijei]]'' (2015)
#* ''Nungshi Feijei 2'' (2016)
#''' Chanu IPS film series''' (2 films)
#* ''Chanu IPS'' (2017)
#* ''[[Chanu IPS 2]]'' (2019)
{{div col end}}

== Malayalam ==

{{see also|Malayalam cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' Aana Valarthiya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aana Valarthiya Vanampadi]]'' (1959)
#* ''[[Aana Valarthiya Vanampadiyude Makan]]'' (1971)
#''' Othenan film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Thacholi Othenan (film)|Thacholi Othenan]]'' (1964)
#* ''[[Othenante Makan]]'' (1970)
#* ''[[Kadathanadan Ambadi]]'' (1990)
#''' Kattuthulasi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kattuthulasi]]'' (1965)
#* ''[[Thenaruvi]]'' (1973)
#''' Kayamkulam Kochunni film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunni (1966 film)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]'' (1966)
#* ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan]]'' (1976)
#''' Ashwamedham film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ashwamedham]]'' (1967)
#* ''[[Sarasayya]]'' (1971)
#''' Chellamma film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kallichellamma]]'' (1969)
#* ''Arikkari Ammu'' (1981)
#''' C.I.D. Nazir film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[C.I.D. Nazir]]'' (1971)
#* ''[[Taxi Car]]'' (1972)
#* ''[[Prethangalude Thazhvara]]'' (1973)
#''' Lisa film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Lisa (1978 film)|Lisa]]'' (1978)
#* ''[[Veendum Lisa]]'' (1987)
#''' Tharadas & Balram film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Athirathram (film)|Athirathram]]'' (1984)
#* ''[[Aavanazhi]]'' (1986)
#* ''[[Inspector Balram]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]'' (2006){{efn|This film is also a spin-off to the 1984 film ''[[Athirathram (film)|Athirathram]]''.}}
#''' Ninnishtam Ennishtam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ninnishtam Ennishtam]]'' (1986)
#* ''[[Ninnishtam Ennishtam 2]]'' (2011)
#''' [[Dasan and Vijayan]] film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Nadodikkattu]]'' (1987)
#* ''[[Pattanapravesham]]'' (1988)
#* ''[[Akkare Akkare Akkare]]'' (1990)
#''' Sagar Alias Jacky film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Irupatham Noottandu]]'' (1987)
#* ''[[Sagar Alias Jacky Reloaded]]'' (2009)
#''' [[CBI (film series)|CBI film series]]''' (5 films)
#* ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]'' (1988)
#* ''[[Jagratha|Jagratha: CBI Diary - Part 2]]'' (1989)
#* ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]'' (2022)
#''' August 1-film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[August 1 (film)|August 1?]]'' (1988)
#* ''[[August 15 (2011 film)|August 15]]'' (2011)
#''' Kireedam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]'' (1989){{efn|A character mentioned as brother of Keerikaadan Jose appears in 1992 film ''[[Aadhaaram]]''.}}
#* ''[[Chenkol]]'' (1993)
#''' Ramji Rao Speaking film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Ramji Rao Speaking]]'' (1989)
#* ''[[Mannar Mathai Speaking]]'' (1995)
#* ''[[Mannar Mathai Speaking 2]]'' (2014)
#''' Harihar Nagar film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' (2010)
#'''Samrajyam film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Samrajyam]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Samrajyam II: Son of Alexander]]'' (2015)
#''' Kilukkam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kilukkam]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Kilukkam Kilukilukkam]]'' (2006)
#''' Khader Bhai film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mimics Parade]]'' (1991)
#* ''[[Kasargod Khader Bhai]]'' (1992)
#* ''[[Again Kasargod Khader Bhai]]'' (2010)
#''' Devasuram film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Devasuram]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Raavanaprabhu]]'' (2001)
#''' Dr. Sunny Joseph film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Geethaanjali]]'' (2013)
#''' Uppukandam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Uppukandam Brothers]]'' (1993){{efn|This film is a spin-off to the 1990 film ''[[Kottayam Kunjachan]]''.}}
#* ''[[Uppukandam Brothers Back in Action]]'' (2011)
#'''Akashadoothu film-TV series''' (1 film, 1 series)
#* ''[[Akashadoothu]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Akashadoothu (TV series)|Akashadoothu]]'' (2011)
#'''Mikhayel sons TV-film series''' (1 serial, 1 film)
#* ''Mikhayelinte Santhathikal'' [TV series] (1993)
#* ''Puthran'' (1994)
#''' Commissioner and The King film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Commissioner (film)|Commissioner]]'' (1994)
#* ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]'' (1995)
#* ''[[Bharathchandran I.P.S.|Bharathchandran I.P.S]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]'' (2012)
#'''Azhagiya Ravanan-Ambujakshan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Azhakiya Ravanan]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Chirakodinja Kinavukal]]'' (2015)
#''' Mandrake film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Junior Mandrake]]'' (1997)
#* ''[[Senior Mandrake]]'' (2010)
#''' Kannur film series''' (2 films)
#* ''Kannur'' (1997)
#* ''[[Veendum Kannur]]'' (2012)
#''' Aakasha Ganga film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aakasha Ganga]]'' (1999)
#* ''[[Aakasha Ganga 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Saathan and Don film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Stop Violence]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[Asuravithu (2012 film)|Asuravithu]]'' (2012)
#'''Nandanam film-TV series''' (1 film, 1 series)
#* ''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]'' (2002)
#* ''Nandanam'' (2020)
#''' The People film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[4 the People]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[By the People (2005 film)|By the People]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Of the People]]'' (2008)
#''' Udayananu Tharam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Udayananu Tharam]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Padmasree Bharat Dr. Saroj Kumar]]'' (2012)
#''' Lisamma film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Achanurangatha Veedu]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Lisammayude Veedu]]'' (2013)
#''' [[Major Mahadevan]] film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Keerthi Chakra (film)|Keerthi Chakra]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[1971: Beyond Borders]]'' (2017)
#'''Raja film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' (2019)
#''' Salt N' Pepper film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Black Coffee (2021 film)|Black Coffee]]'' (2021)
#''' Honey Bee film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Honey Bee (2013 film)|Honey Bee]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Honey Bee 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Honey Bee 2.5]]'' (2017)
#''' Punyalan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Punyalan Agarbattis]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Punyalan Private Limited]]'' (2017)
#''' [[Drishyam film series]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Drishyam]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Drishyam 2]]'' (2021)
#* ''Drishyam 3'' (2026)
#''' Aadu film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Aadu (film)|Aadu]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Aadu 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Aadu 3: One Last Ride - Part 1]]'' (2026)
#''' Pretham film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pretham]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Pretham 2]]'' (2018)
#''' Mikhael Extended Universe''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mikhael (film)|Mikhael]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Marco (2024 film)|Marco]]'' (2024)
#* ''Lord Marco'' (TBA)
#''' Lucifer Universe''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[L2: Empuraan]]'' (2025)
#'''Nna Thaan Case Kodu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nna Thaan Case Kodu]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha]]'' (2024)
#''' Premalu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Premalu]]'' (2024)
#* ''Premalu 2'' (TBA)
#''' Vaazha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vaazha: Biopic of a Billion Boys]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Vaazha II: Biopic of a Billion Bros]]'' (2026)
#'''Thalavan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Thalavan]]'' (2024)
#* ''Thalavan II'' (TBA)
#'''Gaganachari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gaganachari]]'' (2024)
#* ''Maniyan Chithappan'' (TBA)
#'''Rahul Sadasivan's Horror Cinematic Universe''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Bhoothakalam]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Bramayugam]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Diés Iraé]]'' (2025)
{{div col end}}

===Common diegetic world===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#''' Animal Trilogy''' (2 films, 1 series)
#* ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Kerala Crime Files|Kerala Crime Files season 2]]'' (2025)
#* ''[[Eko (film)|Eko]]'' (2025)
#''' Chemmeen film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Chemmeen]]'' (1965)
#* ''[[Thirakalkkappuram]]'' (1998)
#* ''Uthara Chemmeen'' (2014)
#''' Mimics film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Mimics Action 500]]'' (1995)
#* ''Mimics Super 1000'' (1996)
#''' Bharya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Veruthe Oru Bharya]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[Bharya Athra Pora]]'' (2013)
#''' Husbands film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Happy Husbands (2010 film)|Happy Husbands]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Husbands in Goa]]'' (2012)
# '''[[Jayaraj]]'s Navarasa series''' (8 films)
#* ''[[Shantham]]'' (2000)
#* ''[[Karunam]]'' (2000)
#* ''Bhibatsa'' (2002)
#* ''Adbutham'' (2005)
#* ''[[Veeram (2016 film)|Veeram]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Bhayanakam]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Roudram 2018]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Hasyam]]'' (2020)
#''' Weekend Cinematic Universe''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Detective Ujjwalan]]'' (2025)
#* ''Cosmic Samson'' (2026)
#* ''Jambi'' (2026)
#''' Nayattu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nayattu (2021 film)|Nayattu]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Ronth]]'' (2025)
{{Div col end}}

== Marathi ==

{{see also|Marathi cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#'''[[Zapatlela (film series)|Zapatlela film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Zapatlela]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Zapatlela 2]]'' (2013)
#'''Aga Bai Arrecha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aga Bai Arrecha!]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Aga Bai Arechyaa 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Navra Maza Navsacha film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Navra Maza Navsacha]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Navra Maza Navsacha 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Saade Maade Teen film series'''
#* ''[[Saade Maade Teen]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Punha Ekda Saade Maade Teen]]'' (2025)
#'''De Dhakka film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[De Dhakka]]'' (2008)
#* ''[[De Dhakka 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Gallit Gondhal, Dillit Mujra film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gallit Gondhal, Dillit Mujra]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Punha Gondhal Punha Mujra]]'' (2014)
#'''Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 2]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Mumbai Pune Mumbai 3]]'' (2018)
#'''Agadbam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Agadbam]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Maza Agadbam]]'' (2018)
#''' Chintoo film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chintoo (film)|Chintoo]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Chintoo 2: Khajinyachi Chittarkatha|Chintoo 2]]'' (2013)
#''' Premachi Goshta series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Premachi Goshta (film)|Premachi Goshta]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Premachi Goshta 2]]'' (2025)
#''' Timepass film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Timepass (film)|Timepass]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Timepass 2]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Timepass 3]]'' (2022)
#'''Dagadi Chawl film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dagadi Chawl]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Daagadi Chawl 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Boyz film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Boyz (film)|Boyz]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Boyz 2]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Boyz 3]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Boyz 4]]'' (2023)
#'''Ye Re Ye Re Paisa film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 3]]'' (2025)
#'''[[Shri Shivraj Ashtak]]''' (6 films)
#* ''[[Farzand]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Fatteshikast]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Pawankhind]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Sher Shivraj]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Subhedar]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Ranapati Shivray: Swari Agra]]'' (2026)
#'''Naal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Naal (film)|Naal]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Naal 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Bhai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bhai: Vyakti Ki Valli]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Bhai: Vyakti Ki Valli 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Takatak film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Takatak (film)|Takatak]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Takatak 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Jhimma film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jhimma]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Jhimma 2]]'' (2023)
#'''Dharmaveer film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Dharmaveer]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Dharmaveer 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Saade Maade Teen film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Saade Maade Teen]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Punha Ekda Sade Made Teen]]'' (2026)
{{div col end}}

== Odia ==

{{see also|Cinema of Odisha}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
#''' Something Something film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Something Something (2012 film)|Something Something]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Something Something 2]]'' (2014)
#''' Tu Mora Sathire film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Tu Mora Sathire]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Tu Mora Sathire-2]]'' (2021)

== Punjabi ==

{{see also|Punjabi cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#''' Munde U.K. De film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Munde U.K. De]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Aa Gaye Munde U.K. De]]'' (2014)
#''' Yaar Annmulle film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Yaar Annmulle]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Yaar Annmulle 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Yaar Anmulle Returns]]'' (2021)
#''' Jatt & Juliet film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Jatt & Juliet]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Jatt & Juliet 2]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Jatt & Juliet 3]]'' (2024)
#''' Carry On Jatta Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Carry On Jatta]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Carry On Jatta 2]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Carry on Jatta 3]]'' (2023)
#''' Sikander film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Sikander (2013 film)|Sikander]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Sikander 2]]'' (2019)
#* ''Sikander 3'' (TBA)<ref>{{Citation |title=Sikander 3 ਲੈ ਕੇ ਜਲਦ ਆਓਣਗੇ Kartar Cheema {{!}} Punjabi Cinema {{!}} Sanjha TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pP9FQb149M |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en}}. 8 March 2023.</ref>
#''' Daddy Cool Munde Fool film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Daddy Cool Munde Fool]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Daddy Cool Munde Fool 2]]'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jassie Gill's 'Daddy Cool Munde Fool 2' gets a new release date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/photo-stories/pollywood-sequels-and-threequels-to-look-forward-to/jassie-gills-daddy-cool-munde-fool-2-gets-a-new-release-date/photostory/81567680.cms |access-date=2023-09-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#''' Singh vs Kaur film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Singh vs Kaur]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Singh vs Kaur 2]]'' (2025)
#''' Chaar Sahibzaade film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chaar Sahibzaade]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur]]'' (2016)
#''' Mr & Mrs 420 film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Mr & Mrs 420]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Mr & Mrs 420 Returns]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Mr & Mrs 420 3]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news |title=5 Pollywood sequels and threequels to watch in 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/5-pollywood-sequels-and-threequels-to-watch-in-2023/photostory/98173418.cms |access-date=2023-09-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#'''Rupinder Gandhi film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Rupinder Gandhi: The Gangster..?]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Rupinder Gandhi 2: The Robinhood]]'' (2017)
#* ''Rupinder Gandhi 3'' (TBA)
#'''Shareek film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Shareek]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Shareek 2]]'' (2022)
#''' Ardaas film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Ardaas (film)|Ardaas]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Ardaas Sarbat De Bhalle Di]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CHool_GFbGC/?igshid=59zb2d85drg0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/gippygrewal/2443381330077397378 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Gippy Grewal: Humble Motion Pictures proudly set to take ARDASS legacy forward with third franchise "ARDASS SARBAT DE BHALLE DI"|date=16 November 2020|website=Instagram}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
#'''Nikka Zaildar Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Nikka Zaildar]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Nikka Zaildar 2]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Nikka Zaildar 3]]'' (2019)
#''' Jora film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jora 10 Numbaria]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Jora: The Second Chapter]]'' (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review - Jora: The Second Chapter - An intriguing tale |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/movie-review-jora-the-second-chapter-an-intriguing-tale-51935 |website=The Tribune India}}</ref>
#''' Manje Bistre Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Manje Bistre]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Manje Bistre 2]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Manje Bistre 3]]'' (2024)<ref>{{cite news|title=Gippy Grewal's 'Manje Bistre 3' to release in 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/gippy-grewals-manje-bistre-3-to-release-in-2024/articleshow/98081756.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 February 2023|access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>
#''' Rabb Da Radio film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Rabb Da Radio]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Rabb Da Radio 3]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-20 |title='Rabb Da Radio 3': Tarsem Jassar and Simi Chahal starrer to release on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/rabb-da-radio-3-tarsem-jassar-and-simi-chahal-starrer-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/98093721.cms |access-date=2023-09-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#''' Dakuaan Da Munda film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Dakuaan Da Munda]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Dakuaan Da Munda 2]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Dakuaan Da Munda 3]]'' (2025)
#''' Golak Bugni Bank Te Batua film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Golak Bugni Bank Te Batua]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Golak Bugni Bank Te Batua 2]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golak Bugni Bank Te Batua 2 Vs Tu Hovein Main Hovan: Upcoming Punjabi Films To Clash In February 2023 |url=http://www.5dariyanews.com/news/401368-Golak-Bugni-Bank-Te-Batua-2-Vs-Tu-Hovein-Main-Hovan-Upcoming-Punjabi-Films-To-Clash-In-February-202 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=5 Dariya News}}</ref>
#''' Laung Laachi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Laung Laachi]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Laung Laachi 2]]'' (2022)
#''' Qismat film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Qismat (film)|Qismat]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Qismat 2]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Qismat 3]]'' (TBA)<ref>{{cite web |title=Qismat 3: Jagdeep Sidhu Drops Fresh Update On Most Awaited Threequel |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/411957-Qismat-3-Jagdeep-Sidhu-Drops-Fresh-Update-On-Most-Awaited-Threequel |website=5 Dariya News |date=23 April 2023}}</ref>
#''' Raduaa film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Raduaa]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Raduaa Returns]]'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2022 |title=Mahira Sharma begins shooting for her second Punjabi film Raduaa Returns in Chandigarh |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/mahira-sharma-begins-shooting-for-her-second-punjabi-film-raduaa-returns-in-chandigarh |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=[[Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>
#''' Chal Mera Putt Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Chal Mera Putt 2]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Chal Mera Putt 3]]'' (2021)
#''' Blackia film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Blackia]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Blackia 2]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-27 |title=Dev Kharoud's 'Blackia 2' postponed; now to release on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/dev-kharouds-blackia-2-postponed-now-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/99026556.cms |access-date=2023-09-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
#''' Teeja Punjab film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Teeja Punjab]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Teeja Punjab 2]]'' (2022)
#''' Warning film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Warning (2021 Punjabi film)|Warning]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Warning 2]]'' (2024)
{{div col end}}

=== Common diegetic world ===
#''' Yaraan Naal Baharaan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Yaaran Naal Baharan|Yaraan Naal Baharaan]]'' (2005)
#* ''Yaraan Naal Baharaan II'' (2012)
#''' Punjab Trilogy''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Alms for a Blind Horse]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[The Fourth Direction]]'' (2015)
#* ''Crescent Night'' (2022)
#''' Sardaar Ji film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sardaar Ji]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Sardaar Ji 2]]'' (2016)
#* [[Sardaar Ji 3]] (2025)

== Tamil ==

{{see also|Tamil cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

#''' Iruvar Ullam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Iruvar Ullam (1963 film)|Iruvar Ullam]]'' (1963)
#* ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'' (1997)
#''' Kalyanaraman film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kalyanaraman (1979 film)|Kalyanaraman]]'' (1979)
#* ''[[Japanil Kalyanaraman]]'' (1985)
#''' Manal Kayiru film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Manal Kayiru]]'' (1982)
#* ''[[Manal Kayiru 2]]'' (2016)
#''' Krodham film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Krodham]]'' (1989)
#* ''[[Krodham 2]]'' (2000)
#''' Amaidhi Padai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Amaidhi Padai]]'' (1994)
#* ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' (2013)
#''' [[Indian (film series)|Indian film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Indian 3]]'' (TBA)<ref>{{cite web |date=26 March 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan Drops A Big Update On Indian 2 and Indian 3, Hints At Release Dates: 'We Have Completed…' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kamal-haasan-drops-a-big-update-on-indian-2-and-indian-3-hints-at-release-dates-we-have-completed-8827977.html |access-date =2024-05-10 |website=[[News 18]]}}</ref>
#''' Saamy film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Saamy]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Saamy Square]]'' (2018)
#''' Sandakozhi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sandakozhi]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Sandakozhi 2]]'' (2018)
#''' Chithiram Pesuthadi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Thalai Nagaram film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Thalai Nagaram]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Naai Sekar Returns]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Thalai Nagaram 2]]'' (2023)
#''' Billa film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]'' (2007){{efn|It is the remake of ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980), which itself is the remake of the 1978 Hindi film ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''. }}
#* ''[[Billa II]]'' (2012)
#''' Chennai 600028 film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chennai 600028]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Chennai 600028 II: Second Innings]]'' (2016)
#''' Sivi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sivi (film)|Sivi]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Sivi 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu 2]]'' (2019)
#''' [[Singam (film series)|Singam film series]]''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Singam]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Singam II]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'' (2017)
#'''[[Enthiran (film series)|Enthiran film series]]''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Enthiran]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018)
#'''Tamizh Padam film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010)
#*''[[Tamizh Padam 2]]'' (2018)
#'''Thani Oruvan film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' (2015)
#*''[[Thani Oruvan 2]]'' (TBA)<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2023 |title=Jayam Ravi's 'Thani Oruvan 2' to commence from April 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravis-thani-oruvan-2-to-commence-from-april-2024/articleshow/106115436.cms |access-date =2024-02-08 |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
#''' Kalavani film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kalavani]]'' (2010)
#* ''[[Kalavani 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Kazhugu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kazhugu (2012 film)|Kazhugu]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Kazhugu 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Vishwaroopam film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=HinTam|Shot simultaneously in Hindi and Tamil lnanguages}}
#* ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]'' (2018)
#'''Chennaiyil Oru Naal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2]]'' (2017)
#''' Velaiilla Pattadhari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]'' (2017)
#'''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali film series]]''' (2 films){{efn|name=TamTel1|The first film was a Telugu{{Endash}}Tamil bilingual while the second film was made in Telugu and only partially reshot in Tamil.}}
#* ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017)
#''' Demonte Colony film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Demonte Colony]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Demonte Colony 2]]'' (2024)
#* ''[[Demonte Colony 3]]'' (2026)
#''' Maari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Maari (film)|Maari]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Maari 2]]'' (2018)
#'''Devi film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=TamTel|Shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages.}}
#* ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Devi 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Pichaikkaran film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pichaikkaran]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Pichaikkaran 2]]'' (2023)
#'''[[Lokesh Cinematic Universe]]''' (8 films)
#* ''[[Kaithi (2019 film)|Kaithi]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]] '' (2023)
#* ''[[Benz (film)|Benz]]'' (TBA)
#* ''Kaithi 2'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Lokesh Kanagaraj confirms 'Kaithi 2' with Karthi |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/lokesh-kanagaraj-confirms-kaithi-2-karthi-111369 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
#* ''Leo 2'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2023 |title=Leo 2: Lokesh Kanagaraj CONFIRMS Thalapathy Vijay Starrer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/leo-2-lokesh-kanagaraj-confirms-thalapathy-vijay-starrer-article-106343387 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
#* ''Vikram 2'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Vikram 2 'already' on the cards? Kamal Haasan clears the air on the sequel |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-vikram-2-already-cards-kamal-haasan-clears-air-sequel-1135938 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
#*''Rolex'' spin-off (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=Suriya reveals Lokesh Kanagaraj has plans for a standalone Rolex film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-reveals-lokesh-kanagaraj-has-plans-for-a-standalone-rolex-film-8891525/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
#'''Jiivi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jiivi]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Jiivi 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Draupathi film series'''
#* ''[[Draupathi (2020 film)|Draupathi]]'' (2020)
#* ''[[Draupathi 2]]'' (2026)
#'''Methagu film series'''
#* ''[[Methagu]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Methagu 2]]'' (2022)
#'''Sarpatta Parambarai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]'' (2021)
#* ''Sarpatta Parambarai: Round 2'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2023 |title=Sarpatta Parambarai Round 2: Pa Ranjith and Arya to return with second part of the acclaimed boxing drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sarpatta-parambarai-round-2-pa-ranjith-and-arya-8482455/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
#'''Gatta Kusthi film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Gatta Kusthi]]'' (2022)
#*''Gatta Kusthi 2nd Round'' (TBA)<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gatta-kusthi-2-officially-announced-vishnu-vishal-aishwarya-lekshmi-return-for-more-laughs-and-drama-promo-out-now/articleshow/123648821.cms</ref>
#'''Ponniyin Selvan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023)
#'''Jailer film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]'' (2023)
#*''[[Jailer 2]]'' (2026)
#'''Viduthalai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]'' (2023)
#* ''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]'' (2024)
{{div col end}}

=== Common diegetic world ===

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#''' Aval Appadithan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Aval Appadithan]]'' (1978)
#* ''[[Aval Appadithan 2]]'' (2023)
#''' Neeya film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Neeya?]]'' (1979)
#* ''[[Naane Varuven (1992 film)|Naane Varuven]]'' (1992)
#* ''[[Neeya 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Azhiyatha Kolangal film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Azhiyatha Kolangal]]'' (1979)
#* ''[[Azhiyatha Kolangal 2]]'' (2019)
# '''Aan Paavam film series '''(2 films)
#* ''[[Aan Paavam]]'' (1985)
#* ''[[Kai Vandha Kalai]]'' (2006)
#''' Manithan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Nalaya Manithan]]'' (1989)
#* ''[[Adhisaya Manithan]]'' (1990)
#''' Pulan Visaranai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pulan Visaranai]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Pulan Visaranai 2]]'' (2015)
#''' Jai Hind film series'''{{efn|name=TamTelKan|The first film was shot in Tamil while the second film was shot simultaneously in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages.}} (2 films)
#* ''[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|Jai Hind]]'' (1994)
#* ''[[Jai Hind 2]]'' (2014)
#'''Charlie Chaplin film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)|Charlie Chaplin]]'' (2002)
#*''[[Charlie Chaplin 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Chandramukhi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Chandramukhi ]]'' (2005){{efn|The film is a remake of the 1993 Malayalam film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]''.}}
#* ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' (2023)
#''' Jithan film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Jithan]]'' (2005){{efn|The film was simultaneously shot with the 2004 Hindi film ''[[Gayab]]''.}}
#* ''[[Jithan 2]]'' (2016)
#''' Thiruttu Payale film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Thiruttu Payale]]'' (2006)
#* ''[[Thiruttu Payale 2]]'' (2017)
#''' Naan Avanillai film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Naan Avanillai (2007 film)|Naan Avanillai]]'' (2007){{efn|It is the remake of ''[[Naan Avanillai (1974 film)|Naan Avanillai]]'' (1974).}}
#* ''[[Naan Avanillai 2]]'' (2009)
#''' [[Muni (film series)|Muni film series]] ''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Muni 2: Kanchana]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Kanchana 2|Muni 3: Kanchana 2]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Kanchana 3|Muni 4: Kanchana 3]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[Kanchana 4|Muni 5: Kanchana 4]]'' (2026)
#''' Pasanga film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pasanga]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Pasanga 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Naadodigal film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Naadodigal]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Vetrivel]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Naadodigal 2]]'' (2020)
#''' Ko film series ''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' (2011)
#* ''[[Ko 2]]'' (2016)
#''' Kalakalappu film series ''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kalakalappu]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' (2018)
#'''Naan franchise''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Naan (2012 film)|Naan]]'' (2012)
#*''[[Salim (film)|Salim]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Mazhai Pidikkatha Manithan]]'' (2024)
#'''Saattai franchise''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Saattai]]'' (2012)
#*''[[Appa (2016 film)|Appa]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Adutha Saattai]]'' (2019)
#'''[[Pizza (film series)|Pizza film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Pizza 2: The Villa]]'' (2013)
#* ''[[Pizza 3: The Mummy]]'' (2023)
#* ''Pizza 4: Home Alone'' (TBA)
#'''Kumki film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' (2012)
#*''[[Kumki 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Soodhu Kavvum film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' (2013)
#*''[[Soodhu Kavvum 2]]'' (2024)<ref>{{cite web|title=Pics: க்ரைம் காமெடி நாடகமான 'சூது கவ்வும் 2' படத்தின் டீசர் வெளியாகியுள்ளது.|url=https://www-thehindu-com.translate.goog/entertainment/movies/teaser-out-for-crime-comedy-drama-soodhu-kavvum-2/article67983777.ece?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ta&_x_tr_hl=ta&_x_tr_pto=tc|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 March 2024|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
#'''[[Aranmanai (film series)|Aranmanai film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Aranmanai 2]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' (2021)
#* ''[[Aranmanai 4]]'' (2024)
#''' Darling film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Darling (2015 Tamil film)|Darling]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Darling 2]]'' (2016)
#'''Goli Soda film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Goli Soda]]'' (2015)
#*''[[Goli Soda 2]]'' (2018)
#'''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu (film series)|Dhilluku Dhuddu film series]]''' (4 films)
#*''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]'' (2016)
#*''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu 2]]'' (2019)
#*''[[DD Returns]]'' (2023)
#*''[[DD Next Level]]'' (2025)
#'''Jigarthanda film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' (2014)
#*''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023)
#'''Uriyadi film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Uriyadi]]'' (2016)
#*''[[Uriyadi 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Kuththu film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu]]'' (2018)
#*''[[Irandam Kuththu]]'' (2020)
#'''Hot Spot film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Hot Spot (film)|Hot Spot]]'' (2024)
#*''[[Hot Spot 2 Much]]'' (2026)
{{div col end}}

== Telugu ==

{{see also|Telugu cinema}}

=== Story-line / Character followup ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#''' Money film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Money (1993 film)|Money]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Money Money (1995 film)|Money Money]]'' (1995)
#* ''[[Money Money, More Money]]'' (2011)
#''' Yamaleela film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Yamaleela]]'' (1994)
#* ''[[Yamaleela 2]]'' (2014)
# '''Manmadhudu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Manmadhudu]]'' (2002)
#* ''[[Manmadhudu 2]]'' (2019)
#''' Arya film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Arya 2]]'' (2009)
#''' Shankar Dada film series''' (2 films){{efn|The film series is a remake of Bollywood's ''[[Munna Bhai (film series)|Munna Bhai film series]]''.}}
#* ''[[Shankar Dada M.B.B.S.]]'' (2004)
#* ''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]'' (2007)
#'''Chandramukhi film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=TamTel2|First film is shot in Tamil while the second film is shot in Telugu language.}}
#* ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' (2005){{efn|It is a remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]''|name=|group=}}
#* [[Nagavalli (film)|''Nagavalli'']] (2010){{efn|A Telugu film made as a sequel to the Tamil film ''[[Chandramukhi]]''. The name is derived from the main character of ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]''.|name=|group=}}
#''' Kick film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]'' (2009)
#* ''[[Kick 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Rakta Charitra film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=HinTel|Shot simultaneously in Hindi and Telugu languages.}}
#* [[Rakta Charitra|''Rakta Charitra I'']] (2010)
#* [[Rakta Charitra 2|''Rakta Charitra II'']] (2010)
#''' Gabbar Singh film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]'' (2016)
#'''Avunu film series''' (2 films)
#* [[Avunu (film)|''Avunu'']] (2012)
#* ''[[Avunu 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Drushyam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014){{efn|It is a remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Drishyam]]''|name=|group=}}
#* ''[[Drushyam 2]]'' (2021){{efn|It is a remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Drishyam 2]]''|name=|group=}}
#'''Karthikeya film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Karthikeya (film)|''Karthikeya'']]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Karthikeya 2]]'' (2022)
#* ''Karthikeya 3'' (TBA)
#'''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali film series]]''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017)
#* ''[[Baahubali: The Epic]]'' (2025)
#* ''Baahubali: The Eternal War – Part 1'' (2027)
# '''Bangarraju film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Soggade Chinni Nayana]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Bangarraju]]'' (2022)
#'''Abhinetri film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=TamTel}}
#* ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Abhinetri]]'' (2016)
#* ''[[Devi 2|Abhinetri 2]]'' (2019)
#'''Goodachari film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Goodachari]]'' (2018)
#* ''[[Goodachari 2]]'' (2026)
#'''NTR film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]'' (2019)
#'''Fun and Frustration Series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2019)
#* ''[[F3: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2022)
#* ''F4'' (TBA)
#'''iSmart film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[iSmart Shankar]]'' (2019)
#*''[[Double iSmart]]'' (2024)
#'''Yatra film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Yatra (2019 film)|Yatra]]'' (2019)
#*''[[Yatra 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Mathu Vadalara film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'' (2019)
#*''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]'' (2024)
#'''[[HIT Universe]]''' (4 films)
#*''[[HIT: The First Case]]'' (2020)
#*''[[HIT: The Second Case]]'' (2022)
#*''[[HIT: The Third Case]]'' (2025)
#*''HIT: The Fourth Case'' (TBA)
#'''Nirbhandam film series''' (2 films)
#*''Nirbhandam'' (2020)
#*''Nirbhandam 2'' (2021)
#'''[[Pushpa (film series)|Pushpa film series]]''' (3 films)
#* [[Pushpa: The Rise|''Pushpa: The Rise – Part 1'']] (2021)
#* ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule|Pushpa: The Rule – Part 2]]'' (2024)
#* ''Pushpa: The Rampage – Part 3'' (2028)
#'''Maa Oori Polimera film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[Maa Oori Polimera]]'' (2021)
#*''[[Maa Oori Polimera 2]]'' (2023)
#*''Maa Oori Polimera 3'' (TBA)
#'''Akhanda film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Akhanda]]'' (2021)
#*''[[Akhanda 2: Thaandavam]]'' (2025)
#'''Bhamakalapam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Bhamakalapam (film)|Bhamakalapam]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Bhamakalapam 2]]'' (2024)
#'''Odela film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Odela Railway Station]]'' (2022)
#* ''[[Odela 2]]'' (2025)
#'''Tillu film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[DJ Tillu]]'' (2022)
#*''[[Tillu Square]]'' (2024)
#*''Tillu Cube'' (TBA)
#'''Salaar film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]'' (2023)
#* ''Salaar: Part 2 - Shouryaanga Parvam'' (TBA)
#'''Mad film series''' (3 films)
#*''[[Mad (film)|Mad]]'' (2023)
#*''[[Mad Square]]'' (2025)
#*''Mad Cube'' (TBA)
#'''Devara film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' (2024)
#*''Devara: Part 2 '' (TBA)
#'''Sujeeth Cinematic Universe''' (4 films)
#*''[[Saaho]]'' (2019)
#*''[[They Call Him OG]]'' (2025)
#*''Bloody Romeo'' (TBA)
#*''They Call Him OG 2'' (TBA)
{{div col end}}

=== Common Diegetic World ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#'''Khaidi film series''' (3 films)
#* ''[[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]]'' (1983)
#* ''[[Khaidi No. 786]]'' (1988)
#* ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'' (2017){{efn|It is the remake of the Tamil film ''[[Kaththi]]''.}}
#''' Allari Mogudu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Allari Mogudu]]'' (1992)
#* ''[[Mama Manchu Alludu Kanchu]]'' (2015){{efn|It is the remake of the Marathi film ''Be Dune Saade Chaar'' (2009).}}
#''' Gaayam film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Gaayam]]'' (1993)
#* ''[[Gaayam 2]]'' (2010)
#''' Pelli Sandadi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1996)
#* ''[[Pelli SandaD]]'' (2021)
#''' [[Gangster (film series)|Satya film series]]''' (2 films){{efn|name=HinTel1|First film was shot in Hindi while the second film was shot in Telugu and Hindi.}}
#* ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998)
#* ''[[Satya 2]]'' (2013)
#'''Aithe film series''' (2 films){{efn|name=HinTel2|Both film were shot in Telugu and Hindi.}}
#* ''[[Aithe]]'' (2003)
#* ''[[Aithe 2.0]]'' (2018)
#''' Aravind film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[A Film by Aravind]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Aravind 2]]'' (2013)
#''' Vennela film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Vennela]]'' (2005)
#* ''[[Vennela 1½]]'' (2012)
#''' Mantra film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Mantra (2007 film)|Mantra]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Mantra 2]]'' (2015)
#'''Operation Duryodhana film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Operation Duryodhana (film)|Operation Duryodhana]]'' (2007)
#* ''[[Operation Duryodhana 2]]'' (2013)
#'''Broker film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Broker (2010 film)|Broker]]'' (2010)
#* ''Broker 2'' (2014)
#'''[[Dandupalya (franchise)|Dandupalya franchise]]''' (2 films){{efn|name=KanTel|First film was shot in Kannada while the second film was shot in Telugu.}}
#* ''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]'' (2012)
#* ''[[Thaggedele]]'' (2022)
#'''Vinayakudu film series''' (2 films)
#* [[Vinayakudu (film)|''Vinayakudu'']] (2008)
#* ''[[Villagelo Vinayakudu]]'' (2009)
#'''Prema Katha Chitram film series''' (2 films)
#*''[[Prema Katha Chitram]]'' (2013)
#*''[[Prema Katha Chitram 2 ]]'' (2019)
#''' Prathinidhi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Prathinidhi]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Prathinidhi 2]]'' (2024)
#''' Ice Cream film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Ice Cream (2014 film)|Ice Cream]]'' (2014)
#* ''[[Ice Cream 2]]'' (2014)
#'''Vyjayanthi film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]'' (1990)
#* ''[[Arjun Son of Vyjayanthi]]'' (2025)
#'''Raju Gari Gadhi film series''' (4 films)
#* ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi]]'' (2015)
#* ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi 2]]'' (2017){{efn|The film is a remake of the 2016 Malayalam film ''[[Pretham]]''.}}
#* ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi 3]]'' (2019){{efn|The film is a remake of the 2019 Tamil film ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu 2]]''.}}
#* ''Raju Gari Gadhi 4'' (TBA)
{{div col end}}

== Multi-lingual==
=== Story-line / Character followup ===
This is a list of film series in which both films were not released in a common language including dubs.
#''' Salem Vishnu film series''' (2 films)
#* ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]'' (1987; Malayalam)
#* ''[[Salem Vishnu]]'' (1990; Tamil){{efn|name=prequel|A prequel to the film ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]''}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Cinema of India}}

[[Category:Lists of film series|India]]
[[Category:Indian film series|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian films|series]]

Abhayam (1991 film)

2026-03-20T13:43:44Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{primary sources|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abhayam
| image =
| caption =
| director = Sivan
| producer = [[Children's Film Society, India|CFSI]]
| writer = Sivan
| based_on =
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] [[Parvathy Jayaram]] [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] [[Tarun Kumar]] [[Kottayam Santha]] Ramachandran Baby Ambili
| music =
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1991||}}
| runtime = 93 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Abhayam''''' ({{langx|en|Shelter}}) is a 1991 [[Malayalam]] [[children's film]] written and directed by [[Sivan (Cinematographer)|Sivan]]. It was produced by [[Children's Film Society, India|Children's Film Society of India]] (CFSI) and starred [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Parvathy Jayaram]], [[Tarun Kumar]], Ramachandran, [[Kottayam Santha]], [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] and Baby Ambili. The film was dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''Main Phir Aaunga''.<ref name="cfs">{{cite web |url= http://cfsindia.org/abhayam-main-phir-aaunga-shelter/ |title= Abhayam (Main Phir Aaunga) (Shelter) |author=  |date= |website= Children's Film Society, India |publisher= |accessdate= 27 July 2013 |archive-date= 30 April 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130430070139/http://cfsindia.org/abhayam-main-phir-aaunga-shelter/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Awards==
The film has won the following awards.<ref name=cfs />
; 7th International Children's Film Festival, India
* Silver Elephant Award
* Special Jury Award
; 39th [[National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children's Film]]
; Film Festival Raggazzi, Bellinzona, Switzerland
* Prize "Environment and Quality of Life" signed by "Ecology Jury" composed of 14-16 children to the Director.
; 1st Uruguay Children Film Festival
* Special Mention and Award statue made of earth, and Certificate to the Director.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0353156}}

{{National Film Award Best Children's Film}}

[[Category:1991 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian children's films]]
[[Category:Best Children's Film National Film Award winners]]

{{child-film-stub}}
{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Nina Singh

2026-03-13T02:09:43Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description |Indian Police service officer}}
{{for|the British actress|Nina Singh (actress)}}
{{Notability|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nina Singh
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|7|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]
| alma_mater = [[Patna Women's College]] [[Jaipur National University|JNU]] [[Harvard University]]
| occupation = [[Indian Police Service]]
| years_active = 1989-2024
| organization = [[Central Industrial Security Force]]
| known_for =
| spouse = Rohit Kumar Singh
| father =
| honours = Ati Utkrisht Seva Medal (2020) [[President's Police Medal]] (2005)
| website = https://www.cisf.gov.in/
}}
'''Nina Singh''' (born 11 July 1964) is a retired [[Indian Police Service]] officer of 1989 batch of Rajasthan cadre. She was the first female [[Director General]] of the [[Central Industrial Security Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-28 |title=Anish Dayal Singh appointed CRPF chief, Nina Singh to head CISF |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/crpf-chief-cisf-anish-dayal-singh-nina-9086801/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She was previously [[Director general of police|DG]] of [[Rajasthan]] and Special Director General of Central Industrial Security Force,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-29 |title=Nina Singh to be first woman chief of CISF |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nina-singh-to-be-first-woman-chief-of-cisf/articleshow/106359588.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-29 |title=Meet Nina Singh, first woman appointed as CISF chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meet-nina-singh-first-woman-appointed-as-cisf-chief-101703788061038.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and additional Director General of CISF in National Board of Economic Research.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nina Singh |url=https://www.nber.org/people/nina_singh |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=NBER |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Singh is from Bihar and attended [[Patna Women's College]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref name=who/> She has a master's in [[public administration]] from [[Harvard University]].<ref name=who/>

== Career ==
Singh's first posting as Additional Superintendent of police (ASP) was in [[Jaipur]] in 1992 and she was then SP of [[Alwar]]. As Joint Director (2005-2013) of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=URL Generated Report |url=https://doptcirculars.nic.in/Default.aspx?URL=eH4T9j3UKABo |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=doptcirculars.nic.in}}</ref> she received the President's distinguished service medal in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-20 |title=First woman IPS officer of Rajasthan awarded Police Medal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/first-woman-ips-officer-of-rajasthan-awarded-police-medal/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान कैडर की सीनियर IPS ऑफिसर नीना सिंह बनीं CISF की DG, इस पद तक पहुंचने वाली पहली महिला अधिकारी |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/india/senior-ips-officer-of-rajasthan-cadre-neena-singh-becomes-dg-of-cisf-the-first-woman-officer-to-reach-this-post-4759356 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref> She was Director General of police in [[Rajasthan Police]], the first woman to hold the position,<ref name=ndtv>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nina-singh-is-first-woman-chief-of-cisf-that-manages-airport-security-4759451|title=Nina Singh Is First Woman Chief Of CISF That Manages Airport Security|date=28 December 2023|access-date=9 January 2024|publisher=NDTV|first=Harsha Kumari|last=Singh}}</ref> working in civil rights, anti-human trafficking,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Nina Singh IPS posted as ADGP- Civil Rights & Anti Human Trafficking, Rajasthan {{!}} Indian Bureaucracy is an Exclusive News Portal |url=https://indianbureaucracy.com/nina-singh-ips-posted-as-adgp-civil-rights-anti-human-trafficking-rajasthan/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> and training.<ref>{{Cite web |last=sarkarimirror |date=2019-10-30 |title=Mrs. Nina Singh IPS, has been transferred as ADG Training, Rajasthan Police. {{!}} SARKARIMIRROR.COM - INDIAN BUREAUCRACY, BUREAUCRACY UPDATES |url=https://www.sarkarimirror.com/mrs-nina-singh-ips-has-been-transferred-as-adg-training-rajasthan-police/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2000, Singh was secretary for the State Women's Commission and designed an outreach program which holding hearings for women in distress.<ref name=ndtv/> She has co-authored two research papers with [[Abhijit Banerjee]] and [[Esther Duflo]].<ref name=ndtv/>

Singh has been part of the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF) since 2021. In December 2023, she was appointed [[Director general|Director General]], the first woman to hold the position and served there till her superannuation 31 July 2024.<ref name=who>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/who-is-nina-singh-the-first-woman-to-be-appointed-as-chief-of-cisf-411276-2023-12-29|title=Who is Nina Singh, the first woman to be appointed as chief of CISF?|date=29 December 2023|access-date=9 January 2024|work=Business Today}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Singh is married to Rohit Kumar Singh, who is retired [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer.<ref name=who/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Nina}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:People from Patna]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]

Battle of Devarakonda

2026-03-05T20:41:57Z

Aspireitacademy: New Details

{{Short description|Battle of Devarkonda}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Devarkonda
| place = Devarkonda, Telangana, India
| date = 1458 A.D.
| result = Gajapati victory
| territory = *Hamvira conquered Warangal
*Devarkonda became a feudal state of Gajapati Empire
*Khammam fort captured by Gajapatis
| combatant1 = {{tree list}} [[Gajapati Empire]]
** [[Velama]] chief
** [[Bahmani]] rebels {{tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = [[Bahmani sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Kapilendra Deva]] [[Hamvira Deva]]
| commander2 = [[Humayun Shah]] Sanjar Khan
| strength1 = Few
| strength2 = Large 100 elephants
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 6,000–7,000+ killed
| image = Khammam Fort.jpg
| caption = Fort of Khammam captured by Hamvira Deva in Battle of Devarkonda (1458)
| coordinates = {{coord|16.700|N|78.933|E|region:IN-TS|display=inline,title}}
| map_type =
| partof = Bahmani-Gajapati conflicts
}}

The '''Battle of Devarkonda''' took place between [[Gajapati Empire]] and [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in 1458 A.D. at Devarkonda, Telangana, [[India]]. In this battle Odia forces led by prince [[Hamvira Deva]] under king Gajapati [[Kapilendra Deva]] crushed a massive army of Bahmani Muslim forces led by [[Humayun Shah]]. The battle ended with Odia victory and thus Devarkonda became a vassal state of Gajapati Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar/page/366/mode/1up |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=366–367}}</ref>

==Battle==
The [[Recherla Nayakas|Velama]] chief of [[Devarakonda]] (in the present-day [[Telangana]] region), Gajaravo Tippa, requested [[Kapilendra Deva]] for help against the [[Bahmani Sultanate]]. The [[Recherla Nayakas|Velama]] chiefs of [[Telangana]] had angered the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmanis]] by supporting [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar]], their archenemy, in a war against them and the Bahmanis severely devastated the Velama territory.<ref name= "r">{{cite book |title=The Sūryavaṁśi Gajapatis of Orissa {{!}} WorldCat.org |oclc=1945979 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|“From greed of gain and for the defence of paganism, thought himself bound to assist the infidels of that fortress; so he sent a countless force with a hundred elephants to the assistance of the defenders of the fortress.”|Tabātāba}}
In 1458, a battle ensued at [[Devarakonda]] in which the [[Orrisa|Orissan]] army advanced upon them, while the Velamas launched an attack from within the fort. Trapped between these two forces, the [[Bahmani]] army suffered a crushing defeat. Their baggage, elephants, and horses were seized as spoils. The Muslim forces were chased for a distance of approximately three jarsakhs, with nearly six to seven thousand cavalry soldiers killed. Many others succumbed to thirst while crossing the arid deserts. Subsequently, he took control of the [[Khammam Fort]] and placed the governor of [[Rajahmundry]] and his cousin, Raghudeva Narendra Mohapatra, in charge.<ref>{{Cite book |last=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar/page/366/mode/1up |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=366–367}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
As a result of this battle Odia forces came out as victorious and Telangana region became a feudal state of the Gajapati empire with the Velama chiefs as the vassal rulers. The victory over the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] forces at [[Devarakonda]] in 1458 CE enabled Kapilendra Deva to assume the title of ''Kalavargeśvara'' which meant the Lord of [[Kalaburagi]].
In 1460, an inscription at [[Warangal Fort|Warangal fort]] tells of Hamivradeva Kumara Mahapatra capturing it, being Kapilesvara Maharaya's son.{{sfn|Subrahmanyam|1957|p=54}}

Kapilendra ruled most of Telangana. He knew the Bahmanis wouldn't accept losing territory and wanted to weaken them forever.
According to Ferishta, this battle happened around 1459. The Bahmanis didn't try to take Telangana while Kapilendra lived. Muslim historians had to explain why the Bahmani army was defeated and why Humayun Shah failed to restore its honor.
Humayun Shah died in 1461. His eight-year-old son Nizam Shah succeeded him, ruling from 1461 to 1463.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=ଏମ୍. ଏ. ହକ୍‍‍ |url=http://archive.org/details/muslim-administration-in-orissa-1980 |title=Muslim Administration in Orissa |last2=M. A. Haque |date=1980 |pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar/page/366/mode/1up |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=366–367}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gajapati Empire]]
*[[Vijayanagara Empire]]
*[[Kapilendra Deva]]
*[[Deva Raya II]]
*[[Bahamani Sultanate]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Subrahmanyam |editor1-first=R |date=1957 |title=The Sūryavaṁśi Gajapatis of Orissa |location=Waltair |publisher= Andhra University |oclc=613268261 }}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1458]]
[[Category:Gajapati Empire]]
[[Category:History of Telangana]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Bahmani Sultanate]]
[[Category:15th century in India]]

Savaale Samali

2026-03-04T04:53:46Z

Aspireitacademy: refined section for clarity and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{for|similar titles|Savaale Samali (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Savaale Samali
| image = Savaale Samali.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Malliyam Rajagopal
| writer = Malliyam Rajagopal
| producer = Das & Das{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=226}}
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] [[R. Muthuraman]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Malliyam Productions
| released = {{Film date|1971|7|3|df=y}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Savaale Samali''''' ({{translation|Meet the challenge}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, starring [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in is his 150th film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 July 2019|title='வசந்தமாளிகை'யில் ஜெயலலிதா - சிவாஜி நினைவுநாள் இன்று!|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508083-sivaji.html|url-status=live|access-date=22 September 2021|website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]|language=ta|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610150859/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508083-sivaji.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 August 2015|title=17. டைரக்டர் சாவித்ரி!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/aug/29/17.-டைரக்டர்-சாவித்ரி-1175070.html|url-status=live|access-date=22 September 2021|website=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922060811/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/aug/29/17.-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-1175070.html}}</ref> It was released on 3 July 1971.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=226}} The film was remade in Telugu as ''Manchi Rojulu Vachayi'' (1972), in Malayalam as ''[[Randu Lokam]]'' (1977), in Kannada as ''[[Siritanakke Savaal]]'' (1978) and in Hindi as ''[[Charnon Ki Saugandh]]'' (1988).{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=227}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menon|first=Ajay|date=3 December 2010|title=Old is Gold: Tamil Movies made in Malayalam|url=http://oldmalayalam.blogspot.com/2010/12/original-tamil-malayalam-remake-nalla.html|access-date=22 September 2021|website=Old is Gold|archive-date=8 February 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190208032430/http://oldmalayalam.blogspot.com/2010/12/original-tamil-malayalam-remake-nalla.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film become a blockbuster at the box-office, running for over 100 days in theaters.{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|page=242}}

== Plot ==
This movie is about class struggle between the landlords who owned most of the land in India and their tenant farmers who were taken advantage off and ill treated by the landlords wrapped into a love story. Jayalalitha comes from a rich land lord family and visits her village from college where her parents reside. She is picked up from the station by Sivaji a local tenant farmer. Jayalalitha’s bags fall from the horse cart and she blames and insults Sivaji. Sivaji leaves her and drives away. In the local election, Jayalalitha’s father agrees to get his daughter married to Sivaji if he loses the election and Sivaji should give up his lands if he loses. Sivaji wins and Jayalalitha is forced into an unhappy marriage with a poor tenant farmer. Jayalalitha is bitterly unhappy, and returns to her mother’s house where her mother lectures her on the virtues of Indian marriage and after a few twists and turns, the couple is reunited. Although it is about class struggle, the portrayal that women do not have the agency to decide their fate is very sad to behold. That is still the fate of women in India and many other parts of the world, although things have become much better after 50 years since this movie was shot.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Manickam
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Sakunthala
* [[R. Muthuraman]] as Kalimuthu
* [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] as Kaveri
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as Rajavel
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Ayyakannu
* [[T. K. Bhagavathi]] as Thirunavukarasu (Periya Pannai)
* [[S. Varalakshmi]] as Alamel
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Manickam Mother
* [[Nagesh]] as Chinna Pannai Singaram
* [[Kanakadurga]] as Sakunthala's friend
* [[Samikannu]] as Villager
* [[A. Veerappan]] as Nattamai
* [[Usilai Mani]] as Villager
* P. S. Venkadachalam Pillai as Villager
* Comedy Shanmugam as Villager
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].{{Cn|date=April 2024}} [[P. Susheela]] won her second [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|National Award]] for the song "Chitukuruvikenna".{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=227}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Annai Boomi" || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || Malliyam Rajagopal || 02:30
|-
| "Chitukuruvikenna" || [[P. Susheela]] ||rowspan=4|[[Kannadasan]] || 03:11
|-
| "Aanaikoru Kalam" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 04:34
|-
| "Nilavai Paarthu Vaanam" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 03:16
|-
| "Ennadi Mayakkama" || [[P. Suseela]], [[L. R. Eswari]] || 04:34
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |orig-date=2002}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1445738}}

[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:Films about farmers]]
[[Category:Films about landlords]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Alipurduar–Secunderabad Express

2026-02-24T18:24:40Z

Aspireitacademy: New Bio...

{{more citations needed|date=July 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Alipurduar Secunderabad Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|8 July 2022}}
| last =
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Alipurduar Junction}} (APDJ)
| stops = 20
| end = {{stnlnk|Secunderabad}} (SEC)
| distance = {{convert|2267|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 41 hours 45 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper 3 Tier, Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Yes
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 05479/05480
| speed = {{cvt|54|km/h}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}
'''Alipurduar – Secunderabad Express''' is an Indian Railways express train belonging to [[Northeast Frontier Railway]], connecting {{stnlnk|Alipurduar Junction}} in [[West Bengal]] and {{stnlnk|Secunderabad}} in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alipurduar Secunderabad Express|url=https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/darjeeling-summer-spl-train-will-run-22868426.html|website=Jagran.com}}</ref> It currently operates on a once-weekly basis, with train numbers 05479 and 05480.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alipurduar Secunderabad Express|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-alipur-duar-secunderabad-special-05479/178862/449/835|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=7 July 2022|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003014231/http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-alipur-duar-secunderabad-special-05479/178862/449/835|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The train passes through [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alipurduar Secunderabad Express|url=https://morungexpress.com/nfr-to-operate-alipurduar-junctionsecunderabad-weekly-special-train|website=morungexpress.com}}</ref>
The train starts from [[Alipurduar Junction]] at 22:30 on Friday and reaches {{rws|Secunderabad}} at 16:15 on Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web|title=train from Alipurduar Junction to Secunderabad|url=https://udaipurkiran.in/hindi/weekly-summer-special-train-will-run-between-alipurduar-jn-secunderabad/|website=udaipurkiran.in}}</ref>
During its journey the train travels through cities including [[Alipurduar]], [[Siliguri]], [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]], [[Kolkata]], [[Kharagpur]], [[Cuttack]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Vizianagaram]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]] and [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alipurduar Secunderabad Express|url=https://www.confirmtkt.com/train-schedule/05479-APDJ-SC-SPECIAL|website=www.confirmtkt.com}}</ref>

==Route==
* '''WEST BENGAL'''
# [[Alipurduar Junction]]
# [[Hasimara railway station|Hasimara]]
# [[Binnaguri Junction]]
# [[New Mal Junction]]
# [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri)]]
# {{rws|Malda Town}}
# {{rws|Rampurhat Junction}}
# {{rws|Dankuni Junction}}
# {{rws|Kharagpur Junction}}

* '''BIHAR'''
# {{rws|Kishanganj}}

* '''ODISHA'''
# {{rws|Balasore}}
# {{rws|Bhadrak}}
# {{rws|Cuttack Junction}}
# {{rws|Bhubaneswar}}
# {{rws|Khurda Road}}
# {{rws|Brahmapur}}

*'''ANDHRA PRADESH'''
# {{rws|Srikakulam Road}}
# {{rws|Vizianagaram Junction}}
# {{rws|Visakhapatnam Junction}}
# {{rws|Duvvada}}
# {{rws|Rajahmundry}}
# {{rws|Vijayawada Junction}}
# {{rws|Guntur Junction}}

*'''TELANGANA'''
# {{rws|Secunderabad}}

*NOTE: The train also passes through [[Pakur district]] and [[Sahibganj district]] of [[Jharkhand]], but doesn't stop there.

==Reversal==
The train reverses direction at '''{{rws|Visakhapatnam Junction}}''' of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

==Locomotive==
The train is hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP4]] locomotive of [[Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri]] from [[Alipurduar Junction]] to [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]].
From [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]] the train is hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP5]] Electric locomotive of [[Electric Loco Shed, Howrah]] up to [[Visakhapatnam Junction]]. From there onwards it is hailed by [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP5]] locomotive of [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alipurduar-Secunderabad Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Alipurduar]]
[[Category:Transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]

Bombay Scottish School, Powai

2026-02-21T23:37:08Z

Aspireitacademy: Enhanced article with new information

{{Distinguish|Bombay Scottish School, Mahim}}
{{independent sources|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox school
| name = [[File:Bombay Scottish Mahim Wordmark.svg|250px]]
| image = Bombay Scottish School Logo.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| address = Raheja Vihar, Off Chandivali Farm Road, [[Powai]]
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| postal_code = 400072
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|19|7|5.5|N|72|53|36|E|display=inline,title}}
| school_board = ICSE
| authority =
| religious_affiliation = Christianity
| denomination =
| oversight =
| affiliation = [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]
| trustee =
| principal = Jane Kotian
| administrator =
| staff =
| USNWR_ranking =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| enrollment =
| national_ranking =
| classes = 36
| classes_offered = Jr KG to 10th
| avg_class_size = 42 - 45
| ratio =
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-educational]]
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
| houses = Blue, Green, Red, Yellow {{color box|#0000FF}}{{color box|#00FF00}}{{color box|#FF0000}}{{color box|#FFFF00}}
| schooltype =
| fundingtype =
| type = Private School
| system =
| fees = 118,000 per annum
| tuition =
| revenue =
| budget =
| enrolment =
| products =
| grades = Kindergarten – 9th
| age_range =
| language =
| classrooms =
| campus =
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Urban
| hours_in_day = 8 – 8.5
| athletics =
| song = Sing Bombay Scottish School
| accreditation =
| sports =
| team_name =
| nickname =
| colours =
| colors =
| yearbook = Tartan
| publication =
| established =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1997|06|21}}
| status =
| alumni =
| communities =
| feeder_schools =
| free_text =
| free_label1 =
| motto = Perseverentia et fide in Deo
| motto_translation = Perseverance and faith in God
| free_text1 =
| footnotes =
| picture =
| website = [https://bombayscottishpowai.in/]
}}

The '''Bombay Scottish School, Powai''' ('''BSS''' or '''BSS Powai'''), also popularly known as '''Scottish''', is a private, [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Mixed-sex education|co-educational]] [[day school]] located in [[Powai]] in [[Mumbai]], India. It is an affiliate of [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim]]. The institution was established on 21 June 1997 by Mark David.

The school caters to pupils from [[kindergarten]] up to class 10 and the medium of instruction is English. The school is affiliated with the [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]], New Delhi, which conducts the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] examinations at the close of class 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bombay Scottish |url=http://bombayscottish.in/powai/history.php |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=bombayscottish.in}}</ref>

== School shield and crest ==
The school shield represents the Cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The white crux decussata (cross) quarters the shield into four segments, each representing a house colour denoted by the Fleur-de-lis (blue house), the Castle (red house), the Lion (green house) and the Palm Tree (yellow house).<ref name="flag">{{Cite web |title=Bombay Scottish |url=http://bombayscottish.in/powai/flag.php |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=bombayscottish.in}}</ref>

== School flag and motto ==
The school flag features the white cross of [[Saint Andrew|St. Andrew]] against a blue band. St. Andrew is the [[patron saint]] of [[Scotland]]. It bears the 'Crux decussata'. The flag is flown during ceremonial occasions like the school's Sports Day. The school's motto is "Perseverantia et Fide in Deo ([[Latin]])" which means perseverance and faith in God.<ref name="flag"/>

== Curriculum ==
The Bombay Scottish School follows the syllabus of the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] (ICSE) since 20 September 2000. English is the medium of instruction. Hindi is taught as a second language and Marathi is taught as a third language. Tests are conducted periodically and examinations are held at the end of every school term.

== Culture ==
Bombay Scottish is a cosmopolitan school. Although the majority of the pupils are Hindu by religion, the school attempts to impart [[Christian values]]. The Christmas Concert is celebrated every December and a sports meet and a farewell party for students who are passing out of the institution are held.

== Management ==
The school is managed by the Committee of Management, the Board of Trustees for the Bombay Scottish Orphanage Society. The Principal of this school is Jane Kotian, who manages the general administration.<ref>{{cite web|title=Principal's Message|url=http://bombayscottish.in/powai/message.php|website=bombayscottish.in|accessdate=17 April 2018}}</ref> The Senior Academic Coordinator, Ms Esther Selvaraj manages the academics and co-curricular activities of the school. There are Academic coordinators at the Junior School, Middle School and High School levels.
* Junior School Co-ordinator: Tina Quadras
* Upper Primary Co-ordinator: Mithua Chakravorty
* Middle School Co-ordinator: Harpreet Kaur
* High School Co-ordinator: Monicca David

== House system ==
The main objective of the [[House system|House System]] is to foster a sense of collective responsibility and solidarity amongst students. The House System also serves as the centre of school life, with houses often competing at sports and other [[Co-curricular activity|co-curricular activities]]. There are four school houses – Blue, Green, Red, Yellow. The boys' house names are named after Scottish missionaries and the girls' are named after British queens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bombay Scottish |url=http://bombayscottish.in/powai/houses.php |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=bombayscottish.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 0.5em"|
! Boys
! Girls
|-
|style="background-color:blue"|
| MacGregor
| Elizabeth
|-
|style="background-color:green"|
| Kennedy
| Victoria
|-
|style="background-color:red"|
| MacPherson
| Catherine
|-
|style="background-color:yellow"|
| Haddow
| Anne
|}

==Notable alumni==

===Arts and entertainment===
* [[Aditya Bhattacharya]] – Indian film director and screenwriter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/36/2011052920110529012520159fd85c1f0/Aamir-Khan-redux.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117192132/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/36/2011052920110529012520159fd85c1f0/Aamir-Khan-redux.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2013|title=Aamir Khan redux|date=29 May 2011|publisher=BangaloreMirror.com|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref>
* [[Aditya Chopra]] (1987) – Indian film director, screenwriter and producer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/52454/|title=She has the Best Curves|date=8 August 2004|work=The Indian Express |location=India|access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
* [[Amrita Puri]] - Indian [[Bollywood]] Actress and daughter of Adiya Puri, managing director of [[HDFC Bank]]
* [[Aziz Mirza]] – Bollywood director<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/yw/2003/05/24/stories/2003052401990300.htm|title=Dream maker|year=2003|work=The Hindu|location=India|access-date=28 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606124327/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/yw/2003/05/24/stories/2003052401990300.htm|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Dharmesh Darshan]] – Bollywood film director and screenwriter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/jan/06dhar.htm|title=Mela is a calculated effort on my part|date=6 January 2000|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=4 September 2010}}</ref>
* [[Rahul Sharma (musician)|Rahul Sharma]] – Musician of [[Hindustani classical music]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090729/jsp/telekids/story_11291817.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144118/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090729/jsp/telekids/story_11291817.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=My Fundays|date=29 July 2009 |work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkota, India |access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
* [[Ranjit Hoskote]] (1984) – Indian poet, [[art critic]], [[Culture theory|cultural theorist]] and independent [[curator]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?4035|title=Ranjit Hoskote's Profile|year=2007|publisher=Culturebase.net|access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
* [[Rishi Vohra]] (1990) - Author<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rishivohra.com/education/|title = Education &#124; Rishi Vohra}}</ref>
* [[Tusshar Kapoor]] – Bollywood actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/chat/trans/0522tuss.htm|title=Transcript of Chat with Tusshar Kapoor|date=22 May 2001|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
* [[Uday Chopra]] (1989) – Bollywood actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/281009-uday-chopra-gym.htm|title=Uday Chopra has built a state-of-the-art gym at Yashraj Studios|date=28 October 2009|publisher=[[MiD DAY]]|access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
* [[Vikas Bhalla]] – Indian television and movie actor and singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450884.html|title=Face Off with Vikas Bhalla|date=3 February 1998|work=The Indian Express|location=India|access-date=30 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122143452/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450884.html|archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref>

===Sports===
* [[Rohan Gavaskar]] (1992) – Indian [[cricket]]er<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bombay-times/Rohan-bowls-maiden-over/articleshow/42115296.cms|title=Rohan bowls maiden over|date=2 April 2003|work=The Times of India|location=India|access-date=2 February 2010}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Schools|Education}}
* [[List of educational institutions in Mumbai#Schools|List of schools in Mumbai]]
*[[List of the oldest schools in the world]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://bombayscottish.in/mahim/home.php}}
*{{Official website|http://bombayscottish.in/powai/home.php}}

[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1847]]
[[Category:1847 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Private schools in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Debbarma

2026-02-15T14:45:13Z

Aspireitacademy: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{Short description|Family name}}
{{Infobox clan
| clan name = Debbarma
| image badge = Flag of Tripura.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| chiefs crest =
| badge_caption =
| chiefs motto =
| chiefs slogan =
| war cry =
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Tripura]]
| district =
| ancestry =
| ethnicity = [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]]
| plant badge =
| animal =
| pipe music =
| chiefs name = none
| image arms =
| chiefs title =
| chiefs gaelic title =
| seat =
| historic seat =
| septs =
| branches =
| Allied clans =
| Rival clans =
| kindreds =
| titles = 
| last chiefs name =
| date of death of last chief =
| commander =
| image_arms_size =
}}

'''Debbarma'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tripuri, the Native People of Tripura state|url=http://www.tripura.org.in/tripuris.htm|url-status=live|access-date=26 March 2021|website=Tripura.Org.In|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424220526/http://www.tripura.org.in/tripuris.htm|archive-date=2009-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debbarma Surname|url=https://forebears.io/surnames/debbarma|url-status=live|access-date=14 April 2021|website=Forebears|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417182953/http://forebears.io/surnames/debbarma |archive-date=2015-04-17 }}</ref> is the main clan of [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] community, predominantly in state of [[Tripura]], India and Bangladesh who speak [[Kokborok]], a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ahmed |first1=Sazdik |last2=Ravhee|first2=Shahla|year=2020|title=A Study on the Settlement Morphology of Tipra (Tripura) ethnic group in Sreemangal, Bangladesh|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343975610_A_Study_on_the_Settlement_Morphology_of_Tipra_ethnic_group_in_Sreemangal_Bangladesh|journal=Journal of Recent Activities in Architectural Sciences|pages=3–19|doi=10.46610/JoRAAS.2020.v05i01.003}}</ref>

==Variations==
The variations of "Debbarma" consist of '''Debbarma'', ''Deb Barma''', '''DebBarma''', '''Dev Barma''', '''Dev Varma''', '''Deb Burman''', '''Dev Burman''', '''Debbarman''', '''Dev Barman''', '''Dev Varman''' and '''Devvarman'''.

== Classifications ==
Although Debbarmas speak Kokborok, some differences in their accents can be found if observed carefully. The way they speak it varies in tones and words too. The accent of someone residing in the north can vary significantly if compared to someone residing in the south.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

These Include:

* Daspa
* Beri
* Dona

=== Groups ===

== Notable people ==
*[[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma]] (1908–1947), one of the last [[Kings of Tripura]].
*[[Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma]], [[The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance|TIPRA]] Motha,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Panday |first=Chandan |date=25 December 2019 |others=Former Tripura Cong president announces creation of The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance ahead of Autonomous District Council elections next year. |title=Tripura royal scion Pradyot forms new social organisation ‘TIPRA’ |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/12/25/tripura-royal-scion-pradyot-forms-new-social-organisation-tipra/ |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=East Mojo}}</ref> Chairman and the current head of Tripura Royal House.
*[[S. D. Burman|Sachin Dev Burman]], [[Bollywood]] composer and singer.
*[[R. D. Burman|Rahul Dev Burman]], Bollywood composer and singer.
*[[Dasarath Deb]]barma, (1993-1998) first and yet only [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] Chief Minister of [[Tripura]].
*[[Jishnu Dev Varma|Jishnu Debbarma]], [[List of governors of Telangana|4th Governor of Telangana]], and former Deputy Chief Minister Of Tripura Government. He is the youngest son of Maharaj Kumari Kamal Prabha Devi, the single sister of Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Debbarma (last king of Tripura).
*[[Kriti Devi Debbarman]], Member of Tripura Royal Family and MP Tripura East constituency.
*[[Atul Debbarma]], sitting MLA from the Krishnapur constituency. Indian doctor-turned-politician, writer, author, activist, statesman, founder of Tripur Kshatriya Samaj, Subrai Mission Trust, Subrai Vidya Mandir, Agartala. He published a Kokborok translation of the Bhagavad Gita with in-depth analysis. He translated the Rajmala (The Royal Chronicle of Tripura) and the Tripur Samhita to Kokborok.
*[[Raima Sen]] Dev Varma, Bollywood actress.
*[[Riya Sen]] Dev Varma, Bollywood actress.
*[[Somdev Devvarman]], Indian tennis player. Debbarman created history<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 November 2010|title=Asiad: Somdev Creates History, India Retains 8th Spot|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/asiad-somdev-creates-history-india-retains-8th-spot/702187|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.outlookindia.com|publisher=[[Outlook.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413214833/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/asiad-somdev-creates-history-india-retains-8th-spot/702187 |archive-date=2021-04-13 }}</ref> by becoming the first Indian to win a gold medal in the men's singles tennis event of the [[Asian Games]]. In 2011, Devvarman received the [[Arjuna Award]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-20|title=Somdev receives Arjuna Award|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/somdev-receives-arjuna-award/story-wpYRBmXSWHWNAAFhPOkVvI.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Agencies|first=New Delhi|date=20 September 2011|title=Somdev Devvarman receives Arjuna Award|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/somdev-devvarman-receives-arjuna-award/|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> from the Indian government for his tennis successes. In March 2017, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, appointed him as the national observer for tennis. In 2018, he was awarded with the civilian award [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kidambi Srikanth, Somdev Devvarman receive Padma Shri awards; Padma Bhushan for Dhoni - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/kidambi-srikanth-somdev-devvarman-receive-padma-shri-awards-padma-bhushan-for-dhoni/articleshow/63384367.cms|access-date=2021-04-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Harinath Debbarma]], politician, activist, statesman, author from Tripura.
*[[Bikashrai Debbarma]], poet, author, and language activist from Tripura.
*[[Nanda Kumar Deb Barma]], playwright, poet and lyricist.
*[[Sukhendu Debbarma]], Professor and Dean of [[Tripura University]].

== See also ==
* [[Tripura]]
* [[Kokborok language]]
* [[Tripuri people]]
* [[Twipra Kingdom]]
* [[Buisu]]

== References ==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140126145103/http://www.twipra.com/featured/ Article title]}}
{{reflist}}

{{Kokborok}}

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Tripura]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:People from Tripura]]

V. G. Siddhartha

2026-02-12T13:39:18Z

Aspireitacademy: Adding New Page

{{Short description|Indian businessman (1959–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = V. G. Siddhartha
| image = V.G.SiddharthaImage.jpg
| birth_name = Veerappa Gangaiah Siddhartha Hegde
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age at death|60|2019|7|29}}
| birth_place = [[Chikkamagaluru district|Thanoodi]], [[Mysuru State]], India
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2019|7|29|60|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mangalore|Mangaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| resting_place = [[Chikkamagaluru]], Karnataka, India
| relatives = [[S. M. Krishna]] (father in-law)
| alma_mater = [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius Mangalore]] [[Mangalore University]]
| occupation = Businessman
| title = Chairman & MD, [[Café Coffee Day]]
| boards = [[Mindtree]]
}}
{{Indian name|Siddhartha Hegde or Siddhartha|Veerappa Gangaiah}}'''Veerappa Gangaiah Siddhartha Hegde''' ({{Birth based on age at death|60|2019|7|29}} – 29 July 2019) was an Indian businessman from [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/|title=The List of Great Entrepreneurs of India in 2015|publisher=MyBTechLife|author=Srikar Muthyala|date=29 September 2015|access-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114000446/http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/|archive-date=14 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the founder of the cafe chain [[Café Coffee Day]] and was its chairman and managing director. He was on the board of directors of [[Mindtree]], GTV, Liqwid Krystal, Way2wealth Brokers, Coffee Day Natural Resources, and Way2wealth Securities.

After going missing on the evening of 29 July 2019, his body was found by three fishermen at the [[Hoige Bazaar]] beach, near the mouth of the river [[Netravati River|Nethravati]] on 31 July.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cafe-cofee-day-owner-vg-siddharthas-body-found-from-netravati-river/articleshow/70458460.cms|title=Cafe Coffee Day owner VG Siddhartha dead, body found|date=2019-07-31|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-03}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Veerappa Gangaiah Siddhartha Hegde was born to Gangaiah Hegde in the [[Malenadu]] region of [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]] district in [[Karnataka]] State.<ref>{{cite news |title='Coffee king' and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coffee-king-and-more/story-uwIzBLvzaw3UXvbLNNh2hM.html |access-date=3 August 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=1 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He hailed from a very affluent family of coffee planters belonging to the [[Vokkaliga]] community.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-08-27|title=A month after VG Siddhartha's demise, CCD founder's father passes away|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/a-month-after-vg-siddharthas-demise-ccd-founders-father-passes-away/articleshow/70836030.cms|access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref> He received a master's degree in economics from [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College]] and [[Mangalore University]], Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Rural-youth-have-greater-killer-instinct-avers-Cafe-Coffee-Day-chief-V-G-Siddhartha/articleshow/54276737.cms|title=Rural youth|access-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912062808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Rural-youth-have-greater-killer-instinct-avers-Cafe-Coffee-Day-chief-V-G-Siddhartha/articleshow/54276737.cms|archive-date=12 September 2016|url-status=live|publisher=Times of India}}</ref>

== Career ==
At the age of 24, he joined J M Financial Limited in 1983–1984 in [[Mumbai]] as a management trainee/intern in portfolio management and securities trading on the Indian stock market.<ref name="rediff.com"/> After two years, he returned to Bangalore. With capital given by his father, Siddhartha bought stocks worth ₹30,000 and started the company Sivan Securities. In 1999, it was renamed Way2wealth Securities Ltd. Its venture capital division came to be known as Global Technology Ventures (GTV).<ref name="rediff.com"/>

He established his coffee trading company ABC in Karnataka 1993, with a ₹6 crore turnover. He bought an ailing coffee curing unit in [[Hassan, India|Hassan]] for ₹4 crore and improved it. The company now has the largest curing capacity in India at 75,000 tonnes.<ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2000/jul/03sidart.htm|title=Rediff On The NeT Business Special: V G Siddhartha: From coffee to cyber cafes|access-date=3 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103045924/http://www.rediff.com/money/2000/jul/03sidart.htm|archive-date=3 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="in.com">{{cite web|url=http://business.in.com/article/big-bet/vg-siddhartha-is-branching-out/26282/0|title=V.G. Siddhartha is Branching Out|work=Forbes India|access-date=9 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008092739/http://business.in.com/article/big-bet/vg-siddhartha-is-branching-out/26282/0|archive-date=8 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He was the first entrepreneur in Karnataka to set up a café in 1996 ([[Café Coffee Day]], a chain of "youth hangout" coffee parlors). By 2018, the chain had over 1700 cafés in India.<ref name="Annual report">{{Cite web |url=http://www.coffeeday.com/PDF/Coffee_Day_Annual_report_2018.pdf |title=Coffee Day Annual Report 2018 |page=13 |access-date=24 July 2019 }}</ref> His cafes attract 40,000 to 50,000 visitors a week.<ref name="rediff.com"/>

Siddhartha also held board seats in GTV, [[Mindtree]], Liqwid Krystal, Way2Wealth, and Ittiam.<ref name="rediff.com"/> In 2000, he founded Global Technology Ventures Ltd, a company that identifies, invests in, and mentors Indian companies engaged in technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.way2wealth.com/group_companies.asp|title=Way2Wealth Brokers Pvt. Ltd.|access-date=15 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701005447/http://www.way2wealth.com/group_companies.asp|archive-date=1 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> GTV set up [[Global Village Tech Park]] on a {{convert|59|acre|m2|adj=on}} plot as an incubator park in Bangalore, providing office space, communication links, recreational facilities, and a commercial centre.<ref name="rediff.com" /> In 1999, GTV was valued by BankAm at $100 million.<ref name="rediff.com" />

He planted banana trees on 3,000 acres (1,214 ha) and had plans to export bananas.<ref name="in.com"/>

The Dark Forest Furniture Company is named after V. G. Siddhartha's Kathale Kaad (Dark Forest in Kannada) estate in [[Chikmagalur]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Coffee-king-on-Amazon-trail-for-furniture-biz/articleshow/7907883.cms|title=Coffee king on Amazon trail for furniture biz|work=The Times of India|date=8 April 2011 |access-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624163942/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Coffee-king-on-Amazon-trail-for-furniture-biz/articleshow/7907883.cms|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sical Logistics Ltd, a logistics company founded in India in 1955, was acquired by Coffee Day group in 2011.<ref name="Forbes India">{{cite news |title=VG Siddhartha and Cafe Coffee Day: A timeline of highlights |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/vg-siddhartha-and-cafe-coffee-day-a-timeline-of-highlights/54573/1 |access-date=31 July 2019 |work=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>

On 21 September 2017, a tax raid was conducted at more than 20 of V. G. Siddhartha's locations in Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Chikmagalur by senior officers of the Income Tax Department of Karnataka and Goa regions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/it-raids-offices-owned-by-v-g-sidhartha-son-in-law-of-s-m-krishna/articleshow/60775062.cms|title=I-T raids son-in-law of former Karnataka CM SM Krishna, owner of Cafe Coffee Day chain|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 September 2017 |access-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922095037/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/it-raids-offices-owned-by-v-g-sidhartha-son-in-law-of-s-m-krishna/articleshow/60775062.cms|archive-date=22 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Siddhartha was married to Malavika Krishna<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2024 |title=Malavika Hegde Life Story: How she became the CEO of Coffee Day Group? |url=https://www.newshour.press/business/malavika-hegde-life-story-how-she-became-the-ceo-of-coffee-day-group/ |website=NewsHour}}</ref> and had two children Amartya Hegde and Ishaan Hegde.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/vg-siddhartha-family-all-you-need-to-know-about-ccd-owners-family-tree/461058|title=CCD founder VG Siddhartha family tree: From father-in-law SM Krishna to wife Malavika Krishna and sons|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=31 July 2019 |language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Coffee King laid to rest|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/coffee-king-laid-to-rest-751133.html|access-date=2020-06-24|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> His son Amartya married to D. K. Shivakumar daughter Aishwarya Shivakumar on 14 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/feb/08/vvips-from-delhi-to-land-in-bengaluru-for-wedding-of-dk-shivakumars-daughter-2261012.html|title=VVIPs from Delhi to land in Bengaluru for wedding of DK Shivakumar's daughter|date=8 February 2021 }}</ref> Siddhartha was the son-in-law of [[S. M. Krishna]], the [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]], [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Indian Minister for External Affairs]] and [[Governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]].<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/body-of-cafe-coffee-day-owner-vg-siddhartha-found-says-deputy-commissioner/article28766299.ece|title=Body of Café Coffee Day owner V.G. Siddhartha found|date=2019-07-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-07-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Death==
On the evening of 29 July 2019, he told his driver to stop as they approached the bridge over the [[Netravati River|Nethravati River]] in [[Ullal]], [[Mangalore]]. He directed the driver to wait for him at the other end of the bridge giving an impression that he wanted to take a stroll. The driver reported to the police that he did not show up even after an hour; which led to a search of the area for him. The [[Indian Coast Guard]] and [[National Disaster Response Force]] eventually joined a search.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/vg-siddhartha-missing-lsex-coffee-day-founder-sm-krishnas-son-in-law-untraceable-cops-launch-probe-mangaluru-karnataka-2250903.html|title=VG Siddhartha Missing|publisher=News18|access-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730083913/https://www.news18.com/news/india/vg-siddhartha-missing-live-cafe-coffee-day-founder-sm-krishnas-son-in-law-untraceable-cops-launch-probe-mangaluru-karnataka-2250903.html|archive-date=30 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[suicide note|letter]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Rajput|first1=Rashmi|last2=Krishnan|first2=Raghu|date=2019-07-31|title=I-T says VG Siddhartha's signature on note not matching|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tax-department-acted-as-per-law-in-ccd-promoter-siddhartha-case-sources/articleshow/70449827.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref> apparently written by Siddhartha and addressed to his company board, shareholders, and family, surfaced a few hours after he went missing.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cafe-coffee-day-owner-vg-siddhartha-missing-letter-ccd-board-1575061-2019-07-30|title=I give up: CCD owner VG Siddhartha goes missing, leaves distressing letter for board|publisher=India Today|access-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730094325/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cafe-coffee-day-owner-vg-siddhartha-missing-letter-ccd-board-1575061-2019-07-30|archive-date=30 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> This letter detailed the unbearable pressure he was subjected to over the years and the harassment he faced under the "previous" Director General of Income Tax (Investigation) (referred to as DG in the letter).<ref name=":0" />

His body was found at the [[Hoige Bazaar]] beach on 31 July around 6:30 am by local fishermen who informed the police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cafe-coffee-day-founder-vg-siddharthas-body-found-two-days-after-he-went-missing-2077873|title=Cafe Coffee Day Founder's Body Found 2 Days After He Went Missing|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2019-07-31}}</ref><ref name="Hindu"/> His body was cremated at Chethanahalli coffee estate owned by his family in [[Chikmagalur district|Chikkamagalur]] district on 31 July 2019.<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news |title=VG Siddhartha cremated in Chethanahalli coffee estate |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/vg-siddhartha-cremated-in-chethanahalli-coffee-estate/articleshow/70470211.cms |access-date=1 August 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

A police investigation into his death, reported suicide by drowning as the cause.<ref name="DeathReport">{{cite news |title=V.G. Siddhartha's death: final report confirms it is suicide |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/vg-siddharthas-death-final-report-confirms-it-is-suicide/article29259250.ece |access-date=26 August 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=26 August 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Awards==
*"Entrepreneur of the Year" for 2002–03 by ''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref name="Mindtree">{{cite web |title=V.G. Siddhartha – Non-Executive Director |url=http://www.mindtree.com/aboutus/siddhartha.html |website=mindtree.com |publisher=Mindtree |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102043140/http://mindtree.com/aboutus/siddhartha.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*"NextGen Entrepreneur" by ''[[Forbes India]]'' in 2011<ref name="Mindtree"/>

==See also==
*[[List of solved missing person cases (post-2000)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.mindtree.com/aboutus/siddhartha.html V. G. Siddhartha Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102043140/http://mindtree.com/aboutus/siddhartha.html |date=2 January 2010 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siddhartha, V.G.}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:2019 suicides]]
[[Category:2010s missing person cases]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the coffee industry]]
[[Category:Formerly missing Indian people]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in India]]
[[Category:People from Chikmagalur]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning]]
[[Category:Suicides in India]]
[[Category:Former billionaires]]

Haldiram's

2026-02-07T04:24:13Z

Aspireitacademy: added info

{{Short description|Vegetarian indian restaurant and foodstuff manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Haldiram Snacks Food Pvt. Ltd.
| logo = Haldiram's_2024_Logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| trading_name = Haldiram's
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| founder = [[Ganga Bhishen Agarwal]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1937}} [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| hq_location_city = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| hq_location_country = India
| industry = [[Food industry|Food]]
| products = Snacks, sweets, beverages, frozen foods, [[potato chips]]
| homepage = {{ubl|{{URL|haldirams.com}}|{{URL|haldiram.com}}}}
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|12800|c}} (FY24)<ref name="revenue"/>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|2580|c}} (FY24)<ref name="revenue"/>
| profit = {{up}} {{INRConvert|1400|c}} (FY24)<ref name="revenue">{{cite news |title=$10 billion bhujia: What's behind Haldiram's stratospheric valuation? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/10-billion-bhujia-whats-behind-haldirams-stratospheric-valuation/articleshow/118971313.cms |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
}}
'''Haldiram Snacks Food Pvt. Ltd.''', [[doing business as]] '''Haldiram's''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Fast-food restaurant|fast-food restaurant]] [[Chain store|chain]], founded in 1937, as a [[Sweets from the Indian subcontinent|confectionery and desserts]] shop in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], by [[Ganga Bhishen Agarwal]]. It is currently based in [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.haldiram.online/contact-us |website=www.haldiram.online/ |publisher=Haldiram's India Pvt Ltd |access-date=11 November 2021 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305080327/https://haldiram.online/contact-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> Haldiram's is also a [[Fast-moving consumer goods|FMCG]] company as most of its restaurants have a integrated retail section, where packaged Indian [[snack]]s and [[Confectionery|confectioneries]] are sold under its own brand.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/bikaneri-namkeen-hits-1-billion-sweet-spot/articleshow/68748182.cms | title=Bikaneri Namkeen hits $1 billion sweet spot | newspaper=The Economic Times | access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/bhujia-to-billions-ganga-bhisans-haldirams-has-now-become-3-bn-biz-empire/articleshow/67992895.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhujia to billions: Ganga Bhishen's Haldiram's has now become $3 bn biz empire|date=2019-02-14|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Haldiram's outlet at the exit from platform no. 6 of Pune Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|A railway coach-themed Haldiram's restaurant in [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]]]
Haldiram's was established in 1937 as a [[retail]] sweets and [[List of snack foods from the Indian subcontinent#Namkeen|namkeen]] shop in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haldirams.com/about-us|title=Haldiram's website|access-date=2024-05-01}}</ref> It was founded by [[Ganga Bhishen Agarwal]], also known as Haldiram Ji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shiv Kishan Agrawal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shiv-kishan-agrawal/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}} ''Agrawal is the grandson of the founder Ganga Bishan Agarwal, who started selling snacks from a tiny shop in Bikaner in Rajasthan and went on to create the popular Haldiram brand''.</ref>

In order to drive expansion, the company's first manufacturing plant was started in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (now Kolkata).<ref name="Balakrishna">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZTVIpvi4VwC&pg=PA63 | title=Case Studies in Marketing | publisher=Pearson Education India | author=Balakrishna, Sidharth | year=2011 | pages=63–68 | isbn=978-8131757970}}</ref> In 1970, a larger manufacturing plant was established in [[Jaipur]].<ref name="Balakrishna"/> Another manufacturing plant was established in [[New Delhi]] in the early 1990s.<ref name="Balakrishna"/>

In 2003, the company began the process of developing [[convenience food]]s to be marketed to consumers.<ref name="TheHindu" />

In 2014, Haldiram's was ranked 55th among India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report; a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.<ref>{{Cite web|url =http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2014.html|title =India's Most Trusted Brands 2014|url-status =dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150502221904/http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2014.html|archive-date =2015-05-02}}</ref> In 2017, the company was named the country's largest snack company.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/haldiram-topples-pepsico-regains-top-spot-as-countrys-largest-snack-company/articleshow/62185925.cms | title=Haldiram topples PepsiCo; regains top spot as country's largest snack company | newspaper=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] | date=21 December 2017 | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

In 2022, it was announced that the [[Fast-moving consumer goods|packaged snacks]] businesses of Delhi-based Haldiram Snacks and Nagpur-based Haldiram Foods International would be first [[Demerger|demerged]] and then [[Mergers and acquisitions|merged]] into an entity named Haldiram Snacks Food. Delhi-based brothers Manohar and Madhusudan Agarwal obtained a 56% stake of the merged entity, while Nagpur-based Shiv Kishan Agarwal received the remaining 44%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Haldiram brothers to merge Delhi and Nagpur operations as they prepare for market debut |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/haldiram-ipo-brothers-to-merge-delhi-and-nagpur-operations-15201611.htm |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[CNBC TV18]] |date=18 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CCI approves demerger of FMCG business of Haldiram Snacks and Haldiram Foods |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/cci-approves-demerger-of-fmcg-business-of-haldiram-snacks-and-haldiram-foods/articleshow/99220248.cms |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CCI approves Haldiram Group merger plan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/cci-approves-haldiram-group-merger-plan/articleshow/99221057.cms |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 April 2023}}</ref>

In 2025, Singaporean state-owned investment firm [[Temasek (company)|Temasek]] acquired more than 9% stake in Haldiram's at a valuation of nearly US$10 billion.<ref name="revenue"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Haldirams sells over 9% stake to Temasek, likely to sell another 6% to Alpha Wave |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/haldiram-temasek-stake-singapore-9914447/ |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=30 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Products ==
[[File:Haldiram SouthIndian.JPG|thumb|[[South Indian cuisine|South Indian breakfast]] at a Haldiram's restaurant in [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]]]]
Haldiram's has over 410 products. Its product range includes traditional namkeens, western snacks, Indian traditional and contemporary sweets, cookies, sherbets, and pickles. Products such as [[gulab jamun]] and [[Bikaneri bhujia]] and [[papadam]] are popular. The company also produces [[Convenience food|ready-to-eat food]] products, called Minute Khana.<ref>https://haldiramsminutekhana.com/product-category/ready-to-eat-food/</ref> In the 1990s, the production of potato-based foods was enabled by the importation of machinery from United States designed for these purposes.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Haldiram's products are marketed at various retail locations such as bakeries and confectionery stores, among others, and also on various commercial websites. Prior and up to August 2003 in the United States market, the company's products were limited to [[potato chips]] (crisps).<ref name="TheHindu"/> In the United States, the company's products are carried by many Indian supermarkets<ref name="IW"/> and are popular with the [[Indian diaspora]].<ref name="LMI"/>

== In popular culture ==
Haldiram's [[thali]] was featured as the main character's favourite snack in the Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)#Family drama|family drama]] film ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' (2015). More than 1.5 [[crore]] Haldiram's snack packets were printed with the logo of the film.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/haldirams-innovation-in-prem-ratan-dhan-payo/12021420 | title=Haldirams innovation in "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo"| newspaper=Nagpur Today | date=2 December 2015 | access-date=1 May 2024}}</ref>

== Legal issues ==
In 2006, co-owner Prabhu Shankar Agarwal was found guilty for attempting to murder a tea seller. The tea seller had refused to move his stall from its location near Agarwal's restaurant in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2010 |title=Haldiram boss held guilty of murder bid |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/haldiram-boss-held-guilty-of-murder-bid/articleshow/5506795.cms |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="IW">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/business/article_5fc79c11-4814-5804-859f-6ef2f2ebb892.html | title=Haldiram Launches New Line of Frozen Products | publisher=[[India-West]] | date=9 May 2012 | access-date=2 September 2014 | author=(Staff reporter) | archive-date=20 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820110824/http://www.indiawest.com/news/business/article_5fc79c11-4814-5804-859f-6ef2f2ebb892.html | url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="LMI">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AswVAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Haldiram%27s%22,+India | title=India Today International, Volume 3, Issues 1-20 | publisher=[[Living Media India]] | year=2004}}</ref>
<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/08/01/stories/2003080100870600.htm | title=Haldiram lines up ready-to-eat items for Western market | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=1 August 2003 | access-date=2 September 2014 |author1=Bhushan, Ratna |author2=Damodaran, Harish}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|https://www.haldiram.com/}}

[[Category:Confectionery companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Fast-food chains of India]]
[[Category:Brand name potato chips and crisps]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1937]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1937]]

Singa, Arunachal Pradesh

2026-01-22T09:25:07Z

Aspireitacademy: Adding A Article

{{short description|Village in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Singa
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|28.82430|N|95.18217|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
| elevation_ft =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 791105
}}
'''Singa''', also known as Singha, is a village in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-04-12 |title=Ladakh MP Jamyang T Namgyal in Arunachal, lauds PM Modi's vision to develop Gelling as First Village |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/arunachalpradesh/ladakh-mp-jamyang-t-namgyal-in-arunachal-lauds-pm-modis-vision-to-develop-gelling-as-first-village/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Tourism |url=https://www.rural.tourism.gov.in/tuting.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.rural.tourism.gov.in}}</ref> It is located in [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Singa Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Singa, Upper Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/arunachal-pradesh/upper-siang/singa |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref> The taluk is Tuting and pincode 791105.<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Singa Pin Code - 791105, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search upper-siang Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/arunachal-pradesh/upper-siang/singa-pincode-791105.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> Singa is a remote settlement near the India-China border.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=Siang gets first bridge 30 km from China border as it enters India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/siang-gets-first-bridge-30-km-from-china-border-as-it-enters-india-4530510/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-06 |title=Droma being nourished as state's something special |url=https://arunachalobserver.org/2019/05/07/droma-nourished-states-something-special/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Arunachal Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> It is reachable by the [[Arunachal Frontier Highway]] and the other [[India–China Border Roads]] (ICBRs).

==Terrain and tourism==
The mountainous terrain around Singa has attracted tourism.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Sushobhan |title=A first-hand guide to the Tuting Singha trek in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/arunachal-pradesh/travel-guide/a-first-hand-guide-to-the-tuting-singha-trek-in-arunachal-pradesh/gs50349627.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Along with nearby [[Gelling, Arunachal Pradesh|Gelling]] and [[Tuting]], Singa forms the Pemakod triangle.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arunachal's Tuting to enter Buddhism tourism circuit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/arunachals-tuting-to-enter-buddhism-tourism-circuit/articleshow/74083477.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It has been described as an important stop on the Buddhism pilgrimage and tourism circuit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=NE NOW |date=2020-02-10 |title=Arunachal: Tuting to be included under Buddhism tourism circuit |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-tuting-to-be-included-under-buddhism-tourism-circuit.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Arunachal boasts of hidden land Pemakod, why visit Badrika? {{!}} Time to awake and walk till the goal is reached! |url=https://arunachalobserver.org/2022/11/14/arunachal-boasts-of-hidden-land-pemakod-why-visit-badrika-time-to-awake-and-walk-till-the-goal-is-reached/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Arunachal Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

Pemakod (literally "hidden land"), also known as Danakosa Lake, is considered a sacred and hidden region Arunachal Pradesh with great significance in [[Tibetan Buddhism]], where [[Padmasambhava]] (lit. "Born from a Lotus", also known as Guru Rinpoche, i.e. Precious Guru) meditated who wrote that Pemakod s the king of 16 hidden lands listed by him. Guru Padmasambhava cherished Pemakod, stating that practice in this land is highly effective for revealing the pure nature of one's mind. The geography of Pemakod resembles the different parts of [[dakini]] (goddess often associated with one of the six [[Chakra#Hindu_Tantra|chakras]] or the seven fundamental ayurvedic elements ([[Dhātu_(ayurveda)|dhātu]]) of the human body) [[Vajravārāhī|Vajravarahi]]'s body, mainly in five chakras. Pemakod’s geography resembles the dakini Vajravarahi, lying on her back in which [[lama]] [[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]]'s retreat land and Zangdok Palri Temple are located and considered the secret chakra of Vajravarahi’s body, as recorded by the author Ian Baker in his 2006 book "Heart of the World: A Journey to Tibet’s Lost Paradise" after third successful trip to Pemakod. Guru Padmasambhava's [[Pure land|pureland paradise]] is Zangdok Palri (lit. "the Copper-Coloured Mountain"). It is one of the [[Buddhist_cosmology#The_three_realms|16 hidden lands]] of [[Trailokya#Buddhist_cosmology|Rūpaloka]] (world of form) plain of the Buddhist cosmology. The phrase "hidden land" has three secret meanings, implying the ultimate nature of mind, a gathering place for [[yogi]]s and [[yogini]]s, and a place blessed by Guru Padmasambhava with numerous treasures. Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, [[Pema Khandu]], announced the inclusion of the Gelling-Tuting-Singha triangle, forming the Pemako Zone, in the Buddhism tourism circuit to attract more tourists.<ref name=pamk1>[https://arunachalobserver.org/2021/09/02/arunachal-boasts-of-hidden-land-pemakod-why-visit-badrika-gelling-tuting-singha-to-be-in-tourist-circuit-soon-cm/ Arunachal boasts of hidden land Pemakod, why visit Badrika? | Gelling-Tuting-Singha to be in tourist circuit soon: CM], arunachalobserver.org, 2021/09/02.</ref>

This Pamakod area has 4 major and several minor sacred sites. Among the major sites considered sacred in Tibetan Buddhism are the "Devi Kota", "[[Sacred lotus in religious art|Padma Shri]]", "Riwo Tala", and "Citta Puri":<ref name=pamk1/>

* "Devi Kota": centered between the other three, it embodies the blessings of all three, hence it is most sacred site among the four.<ref name=pamk1/>

* "[[Sacred lotus in religious art|Padma Shri]]": It is the scared site of the [[Dharmakāya|Dharmakaya]] [[Amitābha|Amitabha]] who is one of the main [[Buddhahood|Buddhas]] of [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]] and the most widely venerated [[Buddhist deities|Buddhist figure]] in East Asian Buddhism).<ref>Lévi, Sylvain; Takakusu, Junjir; Demiéville, Paul; Watanabe, Kaigyoku (1929). [[iarchive:hbgirindictionna0103lvuoft|Hobogirin]]: Dictionnaire encyclopédique de bouddhisme d'après les sources chinoises et japonaises, Paris: Maisonneuve, vols. 1–3, pp. 24–29</ref><ref>Williams (2008), p. 238.</ref><ref name=":18">[http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?96.xml+id(%27b963f-5f4c-9640%27) 阿彌陀 Amitâbha], Digital Dictionary of Buddhism</ref>

* "Riwo Tala": It is the scared site of [[Saṃbhogakāya|Samboghakaya]] [[Avalokiteśvara]]. The Samboghakaya (lit. "body of enjoyment") is one of 3 forms of Buddha, and the Avalokiteśvara (lit. "the Lord of the World" or Chenrezig in Tibetan language) is a tenth-level [[bodhisattva]] associated with great compassion ([[Karuṇā|mahakaruṇā]]).<ref name=pamk1/>

* "Citta Puri": It is the sacred site of [[Nirmāṇakāya]] Guru Padmasambhava. The Nirmāṇakāya (lit. "formation of physical body") is the third aspect of the [[Trikaya|trikāya]] and the [[avatara|physical manifestation]] of a Buddha in time and space.<ref name=pamk1/>

== See also ==

* [[India–China_border_infrastructure#VVP|Vibrant Village Program]] (VVP), in India for border villages

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Villages in Upper Siang district]]

Data Protection Board of India

2026-01-14T09:42:58Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Data protection authority in India}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Data Protection Board of India
| type = Adjudicatory Board
| formed = {{Start date|2025|11|13|df=yes}}
| jurisdiction = [[India]]
| headquarters = National Capital Region of India
| chief1_name = Mr.Ghosal Pankaraj IMS
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| parent_department = Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
}}
The '''Data Protection Board of India''' ('''DPBI''') is an adjudicating body established under section 18<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/06/2bf1f0e9f04e6fb4f8fef35e82c42aa5.pdf |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref> of the [[Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023]]. It is a body that adjudicates the dispute between those whose personal data has been given to a platform and the platform which has in turn breached the obligations under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganguly |first=Shirsha |date=2023-08-30 |title=Data Protection Board To Function As Adjudicator, Not Regulator, Clarifies MoS IT |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/technology/data-protection-board-clarified-as-adjudicator-not-regulator-by-mos-it-41098 |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
The events that lead to the establishment of the Data Protection Board of India are as follows:
* On 18 November 2022, the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] released the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 for public consultation.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Data Protection Framework {{!}} Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/data-protection-framework |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=www.meity.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title= |url=http://sci.gov.in/pdf/LU/ALL%20WP(C)%20No.494%20of%202012%20Right%20to%20Privacy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828075957/http://sci.gov.in/pdf/LU/ALL%20WP(C)%20No.494%20of%202012%20Right%20to%20Privacy.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-28 |access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref>
* On 5 July 2023, the cabinet approved the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 which is the revised version of the bill which was put up for public consultation earlier.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=Cabinet clears Data Protection Bill |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-clears-data-protection-bill/article67046012.ece |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 3 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-03 |title=Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 introduced in Lok Sabha |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/digital-personal-data-protection-bill-2023-introduced-in-lok-sabha/article67152910.ece |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 7 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 was passed by [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=Data protection bill passed by Lok Sabha, next stop Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/data-protection-bill-passed-by-lok-sabha-next-stop-rajya-sabha-11110631.html |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
* On 9 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 was introduced and passed by [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the Parliament of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chishti |first=Aiman J. |date=2023-08-09 |title=Parliament Passes Digital Personal Data Protection Bill |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/parliament-passes-digital-data-protection-bill-personal-data-234823 |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>
* On 11 August 2023, the [[President of India]] has given assent to the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 which now makes it the [[Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=India gets a data protection law |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/india-gets-a-data-protection-law-11164481.html |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-12 |title=Digital Personal Data Protection Bill gets nod from President |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/electronics/digital-personal-data-protection-bill-gets-nod-from-president/articleshow/102660125.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-11 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* On 13 November 2025, the Data Protection Board of India was established.<ref>{{Cite web |last=desk |first=TNIE online |date=2025-11-14 |title=Govt notifies rules for DPDP Act, putting India's first digital privacy law into effect |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Nov/14/govt-notifies-rules-for-dpdp-act-putting-indias-first-digital-privacy-law-into-effect |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Structure ==
According to the section 18 of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the board shall consist a Chairperson.<ref name=":1" /> Under the [[Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025]], the board shall consist a Chairperson along with members who will be appointed as per the extant rules.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/259889.pdf}}</ref>

== Powers and functions ==

* The Data Protection Board shall exercise and perform its powers on receipt of an intimation of personal data breach under sub-section (6) of section 8, to direct any urgent remedial or mitigation measures in the event of a personal data breach, and to inquire into such personal data breach and impose penalty as provided in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
* To give directions for remediating or mitigating data breaches
* To inquire into data breaches and complaints and impose financial penalties
* To refer complaints for Alternate Dispute Resolution and to accept Voluntary Undertakings from Data Fiduciaries
* To advise the Government to block the website, app etc. of a Data Fiduciary who is found to repeatedly breach the provisions of the Bill
* Adjucate in case of dispute
* The Board shall determine whether there are sufficient grounds to proceed with an inquiry
* Impose penalty in case of breach of provisions in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Privacy}}

[[Category:Data protection authorities]]
[[Category:Government agencies of India]]

Mailafru Mog

2026-01-03T14:34:52Z

Aspireitacademy: Starting A Data Added Tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Mailafru Mog''' (born 1971)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Tripura]]. He is a member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] from [[Manu Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[South Tripura district]]. He won the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Election Results 2023: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/tripura-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners/2997147/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Elections Result 2023 Winners List Live: Check The Full List Of Winners |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-winners-live-updates-tripura-results-complete-winners-name-list-bjp-cpim-ipft-congress-1585552 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mog is from [[Manu, Tripura|Manu]], South Tripura district, Tripura. He is the son of Kejari Mog. He passed Class 8 in 1992 through Madhyamik examinations conducted by [[Tripura Board of Secondary Education]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mailafru Mog(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MANU (ST)(SOUTH TRIPURA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Tripura2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6855 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mog won from Manu Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election. He polled 15,469 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Pravat Chowdhury]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], by a margin of 547 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mailafru Mog in Tripura Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/mailafru-mog-manu-candidate-s23a039c002/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Election Result 2023: BJP wins 32 seats, Tipra Motha bags 13 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tripura-election-result-2023-live-vote-counting-updates-bjp-ipft-congress-alliances-tipra-motha-cpim-2341430-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mog, Mailafru}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marma people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:People from South Tripura district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Tripura-BJP-politician-stub}}

Lakshmi Narayan – Sukh Samarthya Santulan

2025-12-27T08:09:00Z

Aspireitacademy: Starting Some Entry V1

{{short description|Indian theological and religious television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| genre = [[Hinduism]] [[Drama]]
| based_on =
| creative_director =
| creator = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| writer =
| story = Siddharth Kumar Tewary
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Shivya Pathania]] Srikant Dwivedi
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 100
| director =
| producer = Gayatri Gil Tewary Rahul Kumar Tewary
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-22 minutes approx
| company = [[Swastik Productions]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2024|04|22|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|10|2|df=yes}}
| image_alt =
| list_episodes =
| released =
}}
'''''Lakshmi Narayan – Sukh Samarthya Santulan''''' is a [[Television in India|Hindi]]-language theological and religious television series that premiered on 22 April 2024 on [[Colors TV]] and streams on [[JioCinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2024 |title=Colors announces Laxmi Narayan; mythological show to go on air from April 22|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/colors-announces-laxmi-narayan-mythological-show-go-air-april-22/|access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]] under [[Swastik Productions]], the series stars [[Shivya Pathania]] and Srikant Dwivedi. It showcases the eternal love of [[Lakshmi]] and [[Vishnu|Narayana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=COLORS Unveils 'Laxmi Narayan': A New Epic Tale Premiering This Auspicious Chaitra Month|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/colors-unveils-laxmi-narayan-a-new-epic-tale-premiering-this-auspicious-chaitra-month-6869789/|access-date=2024-04-23 |website=[[India.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Shivya Pathania]] as [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]]
** Also as [[Lakshmi|Shri]] / [[Mahadevi|AdiLakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Vidya Lakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Vijaya Lakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Veera Lakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Santana Lakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Dhana Lakshmi]] / [[Ashta Lakshmi|Dhanya Lakshmi]] / [[GajaLakshmi|Gaja Lakshmi]] / [[Narayani]] / [[Mahadevi|Sindhusuta]] / [[Alakshmi]] / [[Bhargavi]] / [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur|Kolhapur Mahalakshmi]] / [[Varahi]] / [[Pratyangira|Narasimhi]] / [[Kamalatmika|Kamala]] / [[Sita]]
* Kinjal Pandya as [[Padmavati (Hinduism)|Padmavati]]
* Shreya Patel as [[Radha]]
** Aaradhya Patel as child [[Radha]]
*** Unknown as toddler [[Radha]]

* Srikant Dwivedi as [[Narayana]]
** Also as [[Vishnu]] / [[Mahavishnu]] / [[Matsya]] / [[Hayagriva]] / [[Kurma]] / [[Venkateswara|Venkatesha]] / [[Varaha]] / [[Narasimha]] / [[Vamana]] / [[Parashurama]] / [[Rama]] / [[Krishna]]
* Shourya Mandoriya as [[Krishna]]
**Also as Giridhara Gopala
** Hazel Gaur as child [[Krishna]]
* Heer Chopra as [[Mohini]]

=== Recurring ===
* [[Kunal Bakshi]] as [[Indra]]
* Anshul Bammi as [[Shesha]]
* Tarun Sharma as [[Garuda]]
*Unknown as teenage [[Balarama]]
**Aqdas Khan as child [[Balarama]]
* [[Aabhaas Mehta]] as [[Jaya-Vijaya|Jay]] / [[Hiranyakashipu]]
* [[Amit Pachori]] as [[Hayagriva#Demon Hayagriva|Hayagrivasura]]
* Puneet Vashisht as [[Narada]]
* Unknown as [[Kamadhenu]]
* Brownie Parashar as [[Kashyapa]]
* Akanksha Rawat as [[Diti]]
* Pratik Vohra as [[Durvasa]]
* Kamaljeet Rana as [[Mahabali]]
* Sandeep Aurora as [[Svarbhanu]] / [[Rahu]] / [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]
* Shalini Vishnudev as [[Saraswati]]
* Deepak Bhatia as [[Brahma]]
* Pradeep Kabra as [[Madhu-Kaitabha| Madhu]]
* Bhupindder Bhoopii as [[Madhu-Kaitabha|Kaitabha]]
* [[Ram Yashvardhan]] as [[Shiva]]
* Shravani Goswami as [[Kadru]]
* Simran Sachdev as [[Danu (Hinduism)|Danu]]
* Subha Rajput as [[Parvati]]
* [[Ketan Karande]] as [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]]
* [[Meer Ali]] as [[Chandra]]
* Manish Bishla as [[Samudra]]
* Bhagyashree Nhalve as Jaldevi
* Sam Nagar as Pauloman
* Sudesh Kumar as Bhujang
* [[Yogesh Mahajan]] as [[Shukracharya]]
* Raja Kapse as [[Brihaspati]]
* Vivek Raghuwanshi as Rajkumar Vasu
* Unknown as Kolasura
* Gaurav Sharma as [[Jaya-Vijaya|Vijay]] / [[Hiranyaksha]]
* [[Nimai Bali]] as [[Bhrigu]]
* [[Preeti Amin]] as [[Kavyamata]]
* Jaydeep Kalsi as [[Surya]]
* Keshav Aswani as [[Agni]]
* Ishaan Sharma as [[Varuna]]
* Vivek Tripathi as [[Vayu]]
* Siyaa Patil as [[Hiranyakashipu|Kayadhu]]
* Tanmoy Shah as [[Prahlada]]
* [[Nazea Hasan Sayed]] as [[Aditi]]
* Garima Verma as [[Yamuna in Hinduism|Yamuna]]
* Priyall Ghore as [[Devaki]]
* Unknown as [[Vasudeva]]
* Rajeev Bharadwaj as [[Nanda (Hinduism)|Nanda]]
* Suman Gupta as [[Yashoda]]
* Bhavna Rokade as [[Putana]]
* [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] as [[Kamsa|Kansa]]
* Vineet Asthana as Sakatasura

== Production ==
[[Shivya Pathania]] was cast to play [[Lakshmi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= April 2024 |title=Exclusive - Lakshmi Narayan Actress Shivya Pathania: Have Been Blessed To Explore Ayodhya And Even Had The Opportunity To View The Temple From A Helicopter For The First Time|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-lakshmi-narayan-actress-shivya-pathania-have-been-blessed-to-explore-ayodhya-and-even-had-the-opportunity-to-view-the-temple-from-a-helicopter-for-the-first-time/articleshow/109378334.cms|access-date=25 May 2024 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Srikant Dwivedi was cast to play Lord [[Vishnu|Narayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2024 |title=Lakshmi Narayan: This show will come soon on Colors TV, Srikant Dwivedi to play the main character|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-lakshmi-narayan-this-show-will-come-soon-on-colors-tv-srikant-dwivedi-to-play-the-main-character-1674573|access-date=25 May 2024 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref> Later, Anshul Bammi join the show as [[Shesha|Sheshnaag]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Pandya Store Actor Anshul Bammi To Play Sheshnag In Laxmi Narayan, Says 'I Enjoy Acting In A Mythological Show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pandya-store-actor-anshul-bammi-to-play-sheshnag-in-laxmi-narayan-says-i-enjoy-acting-in-a-mythological-show/articleshow/109510097.cms|access-date=25 May 2024 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Shiv Shakti - Tap Tyaag Tandav]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|32121300}}
{{Colors Programmes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakshmi Narayan - Sukh Saamarthya Santoolan}}
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Effects of Cyclone Amphan in India

2025-12-26T00:11:36Z

Aspireitacademy: redirect

#redirect [[Cyclone Amphan]]

{{redirect from merge}}

Ichthyophis khumhzi

2025-12-18T04:15:28Z

Aspireitacademy: Put Up A Stub With Sources - done

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{speciesbox
| image =
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group |date=2012 |title=''Ichthyophis khumhzi'' |volume=2012 |article-number=e.T190990A1965467 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T190990A1965467.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Ichthyophis khumhzi
| authority = Kamei ''et al.'', 2009<ref name="Authority" />
}}

'''''Ichthyophis khumhzi''''', the '''Khumhzi striped ichthyophis''', is a species of [[caecilian]] found in India.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name="Authority">{{cite journal |author=Kamei, R. G. |author2=M. Wilkinson |author3=D. J. Gower |author4=S. D. Biju |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=Three new species of striped ''Ichthyophis'' (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2267 |issue=1 |pages=26–42 |url=http://www.bmnh.org/PDFs/RK_09.pdf |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2267.1.2}}</ref><ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Gymnophiona/Ichthyophiidae/Ichthyophis/Ichthyophis-khumhzi |title=''Ichthyophis khumhzi'' Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower, and Biju, 2009 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> It has narrow and irregular lateral yellow stripes. It can attain lengths larger than {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Its head is V-shaped while short; the animal shows scales as far anterior as its collars. The species is named after Khumhzi village, where the specimens were first collected.<ref name="Authority" />

==Description==
This species counts with 127 [[vertebra]]e. The head, nuchal region and trunk are dorsoventrally compressed, with its body's maximal girth being near the midbody. Its tail is not upturned towards the tip. The animal's head is short, with a length of about {{convert|25.6|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Its eyes are equidistant from the lip and the top of the head, and are surrounded by a narrow whitish ring; its eye diameter approximates 0.6 mm, about the same as its nares', which are slightly anterior to level of the anterior margin of its mouth. Its teeth are slender and recurved, while its tongue is strongly plicate posteriorly. Its [[Posterior nasal apertures|choanae]] are very narrow, the distance between them being five or six times their greatest width.<ref name="Authority" />

Denticulations present around its vent are poorly defined. While in preservation, the animal is of a pale lavender grey colour, with browner patches where [[stratum corneum]] is absent. Lateral stripes extending until about the fifth or sixth last [[annulus (zoology)|annuli]], broaden slightly. Narrow and pale lines are strongly marked along the margins of its lower jaw. In life, its [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] is a dark brownish grey, while the [[ventral|venter]] is reddish grey, and its narrow lateral stripes a dull-yellow.<ref name="Authority" />

==Distribution==
This species has only been observed in its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]], near the river Agoh in [[Manipur]] and [[Nagaland]], India.<ref name="Authority" /><ref name=frost/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Nishikawa, Kanto, Masafumi Matsui, and Nikolai L. Orlov. "A new striped ''Ichthyophis'' (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam." Current Herpetology 31.1 (2012): 28–37.
*Nishikawa, Kanto, et al. "A new striped ''Ichthyophis'' (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia." Current Herpetology 32.2 (2013): 159–169.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3147686}}

[[Category:Ichthyophis|khumhzi]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 2009]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]

Pataudi

2025-12-01T14:42:15Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{other uses}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pataudi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Tehsil
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.32|N|76.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gurgaon district|Gurugram]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date =
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date1 =
| established_title2 =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Committee of Pataudi
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Chairprerson|
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| leader_name1 = [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurugram Lok Sabha Constituency]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| leader_name2 = [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi Constituency]]
| founder =
| named_for =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 234
| population_total = 16064
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Ahirwati]] ([[Haryanvi]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Pataudi%20&district=Gurgaon 122 503]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-76
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Pataudi''' is a town, a [[tehsil]] and one of the 4 sub-divisions of [[Gurugram district]], in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]], within the boundaries of the [[National Capital Region of India]]. It is located {{convert|28|km|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Gurugram]] city.

Gurgaon-Pataudi road, known as Pataudi Road, was a state highway, [[State Highway 26 (Haryana)|SH 26]], and is being converted to a national highway, [[National Highway 352W (India)|NH 352W]], in 2023 as an alternative parallel highway to [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]], the Delhi-Jaipur highway to reduce the congestion on NH 48. The road has been included as the new growth corridors in Gurugram.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-15/news/33216793_1_gurgaon-tops-ncr-market-projects-than-premium-projects | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615122424/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-15/news/33216793_1_gurgaon-tops-ncr-market-projects-than-premium-projects | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 June 2013 | work=The Times Of India | title=Gurgaon tops the demand charts in residential, office and retail space | date=2012-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Pataudi%20&district=Gurgaon |title=Pataudi Gurgaon PinCode|publisher=citypincode.in }}</ref>

==History==
The small princely state [[Pataudi State]] was formed in 1804 by [[East India Company]] with 40 villages including Pataudi village (as it was then) as reward to Faiz Talab Khan a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] of the [[Barech]] tribe for aiding the Company against the [[Maratha Empire]] during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] and the English made Faiz Talab Khan [[Nawab of Pataudi]].<ref name="igi-pataudi-state">{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_316.gif |title=Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 21, page 310 – Imperial Gazetteer of India – Digital South Asia Library |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=2012-01-28}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043409/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2003/08/03/stories/2003080300740800.htm The Hindu, Sunday, 3 August 2003 – ''Royal vignettes: Pataudi: The Afghan connection'']</ref> It was subsumed into Union of India in 1947.

[[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi|Mansoor Ali Khan]] son of the former nawab was former captain of [[India cricket team]]. His residence was converted into a hotel but bought back by his actor son later.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-18|title=How Saif Ali Khan bought back Rs 800 crore Pataudi Palace from hotel chain: 'They asked for lots of money, which I earned'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/how-saif-ali-khan-bought-back-rs-800-crore-pataudi-palace-from-hotel-chain-they-asked-for-lots-of-money-which-i-earned/story-WQxk7BqGbXpqDmznJwwjhJ.html|access-date=2021-05-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Nearby '''Akbar Manzil''', built after 1857 as the official residence of the then Nawab, was later converted into a kachehri (judicial complex), and is now used as a godown (store).<ref name=friher1>[http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html Gurugram heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065323/http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html |date=1 February 2019 }}, fridaygurgaon.com.</ref>

== Geography ==
Pataudi town is located at {{Coord|28.32|N|76.78|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Pataudi.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Pataudi]</ref> It has an average elevation of 234 metres (769 feet). Pataudi is semi arid area and experiences low rainfall.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pataudi had a population of 16,064. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pataudi has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 48%. In Pataudi, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana/all-is-not-well-at-nawab-s-home/article1-1202843.aspx |title=All is not well at Nawab's home - Hindustan Times |access-date=2014-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402213606/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana/all-is-not-well-at-nawab-s-home/article1-1202843.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Their main occupation is farming. [[Rao (Indian surname)|Rao]] Kanwar Singh Yadav ( father of Krishan Lal Yadav and Ram Avtar Yadav ) the famous freedom fighter of [[Quni Daultabad]] village is also from Pataudi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeindia.org/freedom_fighters/page38.htm |title=Freedom Fighters – Kunwar Singh |publisher=Freeindia.org |access-date=2012-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230070230/http://www.freeindia.org/freedom_fighters/page38.htm |archive-date=30 December 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The [[Ahirs]]/[[Yadav]] dominate the area while the [[Rajput]]s constitute 12,000 with about equal number of [[Jat]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Haryana |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2012-01-28}}</ref>
[[File:New Pataudi Road.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Construction activities on Newly constructed Pataudi Road]]

==Real estate development==
Pataudi Road from [[Garhi Harsaru]] to [[KMP Expressway]] has seen real estate development in the past two decades<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.magicbricks.com/pataudi-roada-matter-of-right-connections |title=Pataudi Road:A matter of right connections | Magicbricks.com Property Pulse |publisher=Content.magicbricks.com |access-date=2012-01-28}}</ref> but there has not been much development near Pataudi town. Several residential units coming up on the Pataudi Road, the logistics park, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) by [[Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group|Reliance]], [[Raheja]] Engineering SEZ<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web |url=https://epaper.hindustantimes.com/ArticleText.aspx?article=10_10_2009_221_006&kword=&mode=1 |title=Hindustan Times ePaper, English News Paper, Today Newspaper, Online News Epaper |website=epaper.hindustantimes.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309143849/https://epaper.hindustantimes.com/ArticleText.aspx?article=10_10_2009_221_006&kword=&mode=1 |archive-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and a commercial sector.

A draft development plan for Pataudi town is being prepared. It is expected to have about 4–5 sectors.<ref name="qubrex1">{{cite web |url=http://www.qubrex.com/story/2009/10/10/2522/6267 |title=Qubrex - the Real Estate Exchange || Property Portal of Premier Real Estate Agents, Consultants, Brokers, Dealers, and Guides |website=www.qubrex.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115182023/http://www.qubrex.com/story/2009/10/10/2522/6267 |archive-date=15 November 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==New City in Pataudi==

BJP Government chief minister [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] announced a new city adjoining Gurugram in June 2018. In this, the area from Manesar towards Rewari and the area around Pataudi will be incorporated. The new city is likely to be spread across at least 50,000 hectares, which is larger than Chandigarh (11,400 hectares) but smaller than Gurugram (73,200 hectares). The city will come up in PPP mode. The other aspects of developing the city in a planned manner will be prepared by the consultant in the detailed master plan." The proposed city will be well connected to neighbouring urban centres through national and state highways, the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) Expressway and other major districts roads. The consultant is also expected to suggest the road network plan, metro rail plan, required rail and road linkages and public transportation for the proposed city and assess the proposed social, economic and physical infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-23|title=Larger than Chandigarh, new city will rise next to Gurgaon|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/larger-than-chandigarh-new-city-will-rise-next-to-gurgaon-5229711/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Five new cities to be developed along the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/five-new-cities-to-be-developed-along-the-kundli-manesar-palwal-expressway-1835666.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The New Indian Express|date=29 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-23|title=Haryana government plans new city larger than Chandigarh next to Gurgaon|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/haryana-government-plans-new-city-larger-than-chandigarh-next-to-gurgaon/1217133/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Transport ==
[[Northern Peripheral Road]] NH 248-BB commonly known as [[Dwarka Expressway]] has been constructed. Pataudi Road [[National Highway 352W (India)|NH 352W]] connects Pataudi town to this Dwarka Expressway. The old alignment of Pataudi Road continues from Dwarka Expressway to Gurgaon city as a city road.

A new link road has been made by HUDA connecting [[Manesar]] with Patuadi road near Wazirpur village. The length of the road is 3.5 km.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gurgaonscoop.com/171627013 |title=सुहाना होगा पटौदी से मानेसर का सफर..! - GurgaonScoop |website=www.gurgaonscoop.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329160459/http://www.gurgaonscoop.com/171627013 |archive-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Navbharat Times, 11 December 2012 {{full|date=August 2024}}</ref>

=== Rail ===
[[Pataudi Road railway station]] operated by [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]] is located near [[Haileymandi]] 3 km from Pataudi. Trains between [[Rewari]] and [[Delhi]] pass through this station and some of them stop here.

==See also==
* [[Pataudi family]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/pataudi.html Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Pataudi]
* [http://realestatewired.blogspot.com/2015/08/its-cheap-but-not-without-cost-devesh.html Pataudi Real Estate]

{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Gurgaon district topics}}{{Municipalities of Haryana}}
[[Category:Pataudi| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]
[[Category:Tehsils in Haryana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1290s]]

Municipal governance in India

2025-11-23T04:03:01Z

Aspireitacademy: added references

{{Short description|Urban self-governance in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
[[File:Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai.jpg|thumb|[[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] in [[Mumbai]]]]
{{Politics of India}}
In [[India]], the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called [[municipalities]], are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a [[States and union territories of India|state]] or [[Union Territory]]. The 74th amendment to the [[Constitution of India]] in 1992 provided constitutional framework for the establishment of Urban Local Bodies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagrika - The Constitution and the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act|url=http://www.nagrika.org/nagrikalarticles/74amendment|website=Nagrika|date=28 May 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

There are three types of Urban Local Bodies in India, which include [[municipal corporation]]s governing large urban areas, [[Municipal council (India)|municipal councils]] governing smaller urban areas, and [[nagar panchayat]]s governing transitional areas from rural to urban. They are established by individual [[State governments of India|state governments]] and can differ in names, election method, or tier structure. The classification of these areas is at the discretion of the states, considering factors such as total population, population density, non-agricultural employment, annual revenue generation, among other criteria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Consultation paper on "Decentralization And Municipalities". |url=https://legalaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/Decentralization%20and%20Municipalities.pdf |via=Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice - Government of India |publisher=All India Institute Of Local Self-government, New Delhi }}</ref>
[[File:Tiers of Government in India.jpg|thumb|center|300px|Tiers of Government in India]]

== History ==
Municipal governance in India in its current form has existed since the year 1664. In 1664, [[Fort Kochi]] Municipality was established by the Dutch, making it the first municipality in the Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in the 18th century. The British followed with the formation of [[Greater Chennai Corporation|Madras Municipal Corporation]] in 1687, and then [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Calcutta]] and [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|Bombay Municipal Corporation]] in 1726. In the early part of the nineteenth century almost all towns in India had experienced some form of municipal governance. In 1882 the then [[Viceroy of India]], [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|Lord Ripon]], known as the Father of Local Self Government, passed a resolution of local self-government which lead the democratic forms of municipal governance in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |website=The Times of India|date=24 February 2017 |access-date=19 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1919, a [[Government of India Act 1919|Government of India Act]] incorporated the need of the resolution and the powers of democratically elected government were formulated. In 1935 another [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act]] brought local government under the preview of the state or provincial government and specific powers were given.

== 74th Constitutional Amendment Act ==
{{Main|Seventy-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India}}
It was the 74th [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|amendment]] to the [[Constitution of India]] in 1992 that brought constitutional validity to municipal or local governments. Until amendments were made in respective state municipal legislations as well, municipal authorities were organised on an ''ultra vires'' (beyond the authority) basis and the state governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions.

As per the 2011 Census, the key urbanised areas were classified as follows<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census 2011 Meta Data|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/HLO/Metadata_Census_2011.pdf|publisher=Census India}}</ref>
# Statutory Towns: All areas under statutory urban administrative units like Municipal Corporation, Municipality, Cantonment Board, Notified Town Area Committee, Town Panchayat, Nagar Palika, etc., are known as Statutory Towns. According to 2011 [[Census of India]], there were 4041 statutory urban local bodies (ULBs) in the country as compared to 3799 as per Census of 2001.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Handbook of Urban Statistics, India|url=http://mohua.gov.in/pdf/5c80e2225a124Handbook%20of%20Urban%20Statistics%202019.pdf|access-date=8 October 2020|website=MoHUA}}</ref>
# [[Census town|Census Towns]]: All Administrative units satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously: i) A minimum population of 5,000 persons; ii) 75 percent and above of the male main working population being engaged in non–agricultural pursuits, and iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per km2. As per the 2011 Census, there were 3,784 Census Towns against 1,362 in 2001.<ref name=":0" />

Statutory towns are of various kinds and the major categories include

# [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal corporation]] (''Nagar'' Nigam, नगर निगम)
# Municipality (municipal council, municipal board, municipal committee) (''Nagar Parishad'', नगर परिषद्)
# Town area committee
# Notified area committee

The municipal corporations and municipalities are fully representative bodies, while the notified area committees and town area committees are either fully or partially nominated bodies. As per the [[Constitution of India]], 74th Amendment Act of 1992, the latter two categories of towns are to be designated as municipalities or Nagar panchayats with elected bodies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm|title=74th Amendment Act of 1992|access-date=18 January 2009}}</ref>

After the 74th Amendment was enacted there are only three categories of urban local bodies:<ref>{{Cite web |title=74th Constitutional Amendment and Urban Local Bodies in India |url=https://mahadma.maharashtra.gov.in/en/74th-constitutional-amendment-and-urban-local-bodies-in-india/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=Directorate of Municipal Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]] (''Mahanagar Nigam,'' ''महानगर निगम'')
* [[Municipal council (India)|Municipality / Municipal Council]] (''Nagar Palika, Nagar Palika Parishad, नगर पालिका'')
* [[Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council)|Nagar Panchayat]] (Town Panchayat)(नगर पंचायत)

Among all urban local governments, municipal corporations enjoy a greater degree of fiscal autonomy and functions, although the specific fiscal and functional powers vary across the states. These local governments have larger populations, a more diversified economic base, and deal with the state governments directly. On the other hand, municipalities or Nagar panchayats have less autonomy, smaller jurisdictions, and have to deal with the state governments through the Directorate of Municipalities or through the collector of a district{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}. These local bodies are subject to detailed supervisory control and guidance by the state governments.

== State Municipal Acts ==
State Municipal Acts are legislations enacted by state governments to establish municipal governments, administer them, and provide a framework of governance for cities within the state. Every state has its own municipal act and some states have more than one municipal act, governing larger and smaller municipalities under different acts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagrika - What is a Municipal Act?|url=http://www.nagrika.org/nagrikalarticles/municipalacts|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Nagrika|date=4 June 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> Various processes including rules for elections, recruitment of staff, and demarcation of urban areas derived from the state municipal acts. Most Municipal Acts are enforced across all statutory urban areas in the respective states except the cantonment areas. The Government of India had issued a Model Municipal Law in 2003 which aimed to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the municipal governments in the various states and bring them into conformity with the provisions of the 74th CAA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Model Municipal Law, 2003|url=http://www.ielrc.org/content/e0331.pdf|publisher=International Environmental Law Research Center}}</ref>

== Responsibilities of urban local bodies ==

The municipal bodies of India are vested with a long list of functions delegated to them by the state governments under their respective municipal legislations.

The Twelfth Schedule of Constitution (Article 243 w) provides an illustrative list of ''eighteen functions'', that may be entrusted to the municipalities.<ref name=ICA>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/const/2004/39.html|title=74th Amendment Act of 1992|access-date =18 January 2009}}</ref>

Public health includes [[water supply]], [[sanitary sewer|sewerage]] and [[sanitation]], eradication of communicable diseases etc.; welfare includes public facilities such as education, [[recreation]], etc.; regulatory functions related to prescribing and enforcing [[Building code|building regulations]], encroachments on public land, [[birth registration]] and [[death certificate]], etc.; public safety includes [[fire protection]], [[street lighting]], etc.; public works measures such as construction and maintenance of inner-city roads, etc.; and development functions related to [[town planning]] and development of commercial markets. In addition to the legally assigned functions, the sectoral departments of the state government often assign unilaterally, and on an agency basis, various functions such as [[family planning]], nutrition and slum improvement, disease and Epidemic control, etc.

Besides the traditional core functions of municipalities, it also includes development functions like planning for [[economic development]] and [[social justice]], urban [[poverty alleviation]] programs, and promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects. However, conformity legislation enacted by the state governments indicates wide variations in this regard. Whereas [[Bihar]], [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Manipur]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Rajasthan]] have included all the functions as enlisted in the Twelfth Schedule in their amended state municipal laws, [[Andhra Pradesh]] has not made any changes in the existing list of municipal functions. [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[West Bengal]] states have amended their municipal laws to add additional functions in the list of municipal functions as suggested in the twelfth schedule.

There is a lot of difference in the assignment of obligatory and discretionary functions to the municipal bodies among the states. Whereas functions like planning for the social and economic development, [[urban forestry]] and protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects are obligatory functions for the municipalities of [[Maharashtra]], in [[Karnataka]] these are discretionary functions.

The provision of water supply and sewerage in several states has either been taken over by the state governments or transferred to state agencies. For example, in [[Tamil Nadu]], Madhya Pradesh and [[Gujarat]], water supply and sewerage works are being carried out by the state-level Public Health Engineering Department or the Water Supply and Sewerage Boards, while liability for repayment of loans and maintenances are with the municipalities. Besides these state-level agencies, City Improvement Trusts and Urban Development Authorities, like [[Delhi Development Authority]] (DDA), have been set up in a number of cities. These agencies usually undertake land acquisition and development works and take up remunerative projects such as markets and commercial complexes, etc.

In terms of [[fiscal federalism]], functions whose benefits largely confine to municipal jurisdictions and may be termed as the ''essentially municipal'' functions. Similarly, functions that involve substantial economics of scale or are of national interest may not be assigned to small local bodies. For valid reasons, certain functions of higher authorities are appropriate to be entrusted with the Municipalities – as if under principal-agent contracts and may be called ''agency'' functions that need to be financed by intergovernmental revenues. Thus instead of continuing the traditional distinction between ''obligatory'' and ''discretionary'' functions the municipal responsibilities may be grouped into ''essentially municipal'', ''joint'' and ''agency'' functions.

=== Suggested municipal functions ===

The suggested functions to municipal corporations, municipalities, and town panchayats are listed in the table below.<ref>Reforming Municipal Finances: Some suggestions in the context of India's Decentralization Initiative, by Mohanty P.K., Urban India, January–June 1995.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" width="80%" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Essentially Municipal Functions !![[Municipal Corporation]] !! [[Municipal Council]] !! [[Nagar Panchayat|Town Panchayat]]
|- ---
| Urban planning including town planning
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Planning for economic and social development
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Roads and bridges
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Water supply domestic, industrial and commercial purposes
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Public health, sanitation, conservancy, and [[Waste management in India|solid waste management]]
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Fire services
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|- ---
| Urban forestry
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Preventive Health Care
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation ghats/grounds, and electric crematoria
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Street lighting
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Parking lots, bus stops, and public conveniences
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Regulation of slaughter-houses and tanneries
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Slum improvement and up-gradation
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
! Agency Functions
! colspan="3" |
|- ---
| Protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and the [[Intellectual disability|intellectually disabled]]
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Urban poverty alleviation
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Promotion of cultural, education, and aesthetic aspects
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Primary Education
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
| Primary Health Care
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|- ---
|}
==Nomenclature==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Urban Local Body Type !! Nomenclature Across States
{{Resize|(Also known as )|size=80}}
|-
| [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]|| Mahanagar Palika, Nagar Nigam, Mahanagara Palike, Nagarasabha, Corporation of the City, etc
|-
| [[Municipal council (India)|Municipality / Municipal Council]]|| Nagar Palika, Nagar Parishad, Nagar Palika Parishad, Municipality, Municipal Council, Nagarpalika, City Municipal Council, Town Municipal Council, Municipal Board, Municipal Council (NE states)
|-
| [[Nagar panchayat|Nagar Panchayat]] / Transitional Body || Nagar Panchayat, Town Panchayat, Notified Area, Notified Area Council (NAC), Town Committee, Town Board, etc
|}

== Municipal Corporation ==
{{Main|Municipal Corporation of India}}

'''Nagar Nigam''' and [[Nagar Nigam#Other names for municipal corporations|other names in different states]] (translated as "Municipal Corporation/City Corporation") in India are state government formed urban local bodies that work for the development of a [[metropolis|metropolitan city]], which has a population of more than 1 million. The growing population and urbanisation in various cities of India were in need of a local governing body that can work for providing necessary community services like health centres, educational institutes, and housing and property tax. They also replace street lights.

They are formed under the Corporations Act of 1835 which mainly deals with providing essential services in a major city. Their elections are held once in five years and the people choose the candidates. The largest corporations are in the eight metropolitan cities of India, namely [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]], and [[Pune]]. These cities not only have a large population but are also the administrative as well as commercial centres of the country.

== Municipal Council ==
{{Main|Nagar Palika (Municipality)}}

A '''Municipality''', or '''Municipal Council''', is an urban local body that administers a smaller urban area with a minimum population of 100,000 but less than 1,000,000. However, there are exceptions to that, as previously municipalities were constituted in urban centers with a population over 20,000 were reclassified as Municipality even if their population was under 100,000. Locally, the municipality is known as '''Nagar Palika''' or '''Nagar Parishad''' and these are constituted by the Municipal Acts of the respective states.

Municipalities in India are categorized into City Municipal Councils and Town Municipal Councils or grades, the classification of which depends on factors like population, economic growth, employment, and more. This classification varies from state to state. For instance, in [[Kerala]], municipalities are graded as I, II, III, while in [[Bihar]], the classification is denoted as Class A, B, C. The criteria for these classifications include population, population density, non-agricultural employment, and other relevant parameters.

It interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Municipality. Municipalities are also a form of local self-government, entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined and guided upon by the Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act, 1992. [[Udaipur]] is a city which is big but its population is 451,000 so it has a Municipality.

The members of the Municipal Councils are elected representatives for a term of five years. The town is divided into wards according to its population, and representatives are elected from each ward. The members elect a chairperson and vice chairperson among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings. A chief officer, along with officers like an engineer, sanitary inspector, health officer, and education officer who come from the state public service are appointed by the state government to control the administrative affairs of the municipality.

City Municipal Councils are known regionally by different names, including Town Municipal Council, Town Municipality, Nagar Palika, Nagarasabe, Purasabe, Nagara Sabha and Nagaraatchi.

== Town Panchayat ==
{{Main article|Town Panchayat|l1 = Town Panchayats in India}}
A '''[[Nagar Panchayat|Town Panchayat]]''' (also known as '''Nagar Panchayat''' or '''Town Board''') is a form of an urban political unit in India comparable to a municipality. The composition of Town Panchayats varies across states, serving as the governing body for areas transitioning from 'rural' to 'urban'.

Town Panchayats in [[Tamil Nadu]] are established based on a population range of above 5000 and below 30,000, categorized into grades determined by criteria including population and economic growth. In [[Bihar]], Town Panchayats are constituted for populations ranging from above 12,000 to below 40,000, while in [[Karnataka]], the criteria are above 10,000 and below 20,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Town Panchayats in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/introduction.htm |publisher=Commissionerate of Town Panchayats, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An Overview of the Functioning of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar |url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2017/Chapter_3_An_Overview_Of_Functioning_Of_The_Urban_Local_Bodies_In_Bihar_of_Report_No.4_of_2017_-_Local_Bodies_Government_of_Bihar.pdf |publisher=[[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An overview of urban local bodies (ULBs) in Karnataka. (Chapter 3 Sec.A) |url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2009/Karnataka_Local_Bodies_2009-10_Chap_3.pdf |publisher=[[CAG India]]}}</ref>

Each Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairman with ward members. Membership consists of a minimum of ten elected ward members and three nominated members. The members of the Nagar Panchayat are elected from the several wards of the Nagar Panchayat on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. There are seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes, and women. The Councillors or Ward Members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in the Nagar Panchayats.

Town boards are also known by different names depending on the region, including: Nagar ''Panchayat'', Taluk Panchayat, Municipal Board, Town Panchayat, and Pura Panchayat. Certain states lack Town Panchayats or equivalent urban local bodies. In the case of [[Kerala]], Town Panchayats currently may not be in existence or may not be constituted, despite being stipulated in the Kerala Municipality Act.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Municipality Act (1960) |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/13044?locale=en |website=India Code: (indiacode.nic.in)}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]
* [[Local government in India]]
* [[Municipal council (India)]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://trichycorporation.gov.in/ Official site of Tiruchirappalli (Trichy) Municipal Corporation]
* [http://panchayat.gov.in/ Official site of Ministry of Panchayat Raj, Govt of India]
* [http://bbmp.gov.in/ Official site of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Govt of India]

{{Local government in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Local government in India| ]]

Temples associated with the seven Tantric chakras

2025-11-21T13:25:13Z

Aspireitacademy: Adding New Location

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{{Unreferenced|date=July 2023}}
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Many temples in [[India]] and one in [[China]] are associated with the seven [[Chakra|chakras]].

== Shiva temples ==
''Aathara Stalam'' indicates the places that serve as the personifications of [[Vritti#Vrittis of Tantric Chakras|tantric chakras]] associated with the human anatomy. Four temples are located in [[Tamil Nadu]], one in [[Andhra Pradesh]],one in [[Varanasi|Uttar Pradesh]], one in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] and one in China.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFC569"
| style="width:180pt;"| '''Tantric Chakra'''
| style="width:180pt;"| '''Description'''
| style="width:180pt;"| '''Temple'''
| style="width:100pt;"| '''Location'''
| style="width:50pt;"| '''Symbol'''
|-
|[[Sahasrara]] (Sanskrit: सहस्रार,''Sahasrār'')
|Above head
|Amarnath Temple/kailashnath Temple
|Anantnag/Kailash
|[[File:Chakra7.svg|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Ajna]] (Sanskrit: आज्ञा, ''ājñā'' {{IPA|sa|aːɟɲaː|}})
| Brain directly behind eyebrow
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram#External links|Natarajar Temple]]
| [[Chidambaram]]
| [[File:Chakra6.svg|49x49px]]
|-
| [[Vishuddha|Visuthi]] (Sanskrit: विशुद्ध, Viśuddha)
| Neck region near spine
| [[Kalahasti temple|Sri Kalahastheeswara Swami Temple]]
| [[Kalahasthi]]
| [[File:Chakra5.svg|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Anahata]] (Sanskrit: अनाहत, Anāhata)
| Central channel behind spine
| [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]]
| [[Varanasi]]
| [[File:Chakra4.svg|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Manipura|Manipooragam]] (Sanskrit: मणिपूर, {{IAST|Maṇipūra}})
| Spine directly behind the navel
| [[Arunachaleswara Temple|Arunachaleshwarar Temple]]
| [[Thiruvannamalai]]
| [[File:Manipura.png|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Swadhisthana|Swathistanam]] (Sanskrit: स्वाधिष्ठान, Svādhiṣṭhāna)
| One's own abode
| [[Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval|Thiruvanaikaval]]
| [[Trichy]]
| [[File:Swadhisthana.png|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Muladhara|Moolatharam]] (Sanskrit: मूलाधार, Mūlādhāra)
| Basal end of the spinal
| [[Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur|Thyagaraja Swamy Temple]]
| [[Tiruvarur]]
| [[File:Muladhara.png|50x50px]]
|}

== Vishnu temples ==
Eight Vaishnava Temples are associated with the chakras of human anatomy. One is located in [[Gujarat]], one in [[Andhra Pradesh]], one in [[Uttarakhand]], one in [[Karnataka]], one in [[Tamil Nadu]] and three in [[Uttar Pradesh]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Tantric Chakras
!Description
!Temple
!Location
!Symbol
|-
|Sahasrara
Sanskrit: सहस्रार,Sahasrār
|Above Head
|[[Dwarkadhish Temple|Dwarkadish Temple]]
|Dwarka
|[[File:Chakra07.png|thumb]]
|-
|Ajna
Sanskrit: आज्ञा, ājñā
|Brain directly behind eyebrow
|[[Shri Naimishnath Temple|Naimishnath Temple]]
|Naimisharanya
|[[File:Traditional Hindu Diagram of Brow Chakra.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|Visuthi
Sanskrit: विशुद्ध, Viśuddha
|Neck region near spine
|Cheluvunarayan Swamy Temple
|Thirunarayanpuram
|[[File:Chakra5.svg|thumb]]
|-
|Anahata
Sanskrit: अनाहत, Anāhata
|Central channel behind spine
|Vithoba Temple
|Pandharpur
|[[File:Chakra4.svg|thumb]]
|-
|Manipoora
Sanskrit: मणिपूर, Manipūra
|Spine directly behind the navel
|Ahobilam Temple
|Ahobilam
|[[File:Recorrected manipura.png|thumb]]
|-
|Swathistanam
Sanskrit: स्वाधिष्ठान, Svādhiṣṭhāna
|One's own abode
|Varadhraj Perumal Temple
|Kanchipuram
|[[File:Swadhisthana.svg|thumb]]
|-
|Mooladhara
Sanskrit: मूलाधार, Mūlādhāra
|Basal end of Spine
|Hrishikesh Narayan Temple(Bharat Mandir)
|Rishikesh(Haridwar)
|[[File:मूलाधार चक्र.png|thumb]]
|}

== Saptpuri Temples ==
All Saptpuri (ayodhya,kashi,mathura,haridwar,ujjain, dwarka and kanchipuram) are considered the personification of the seven tantric chakras.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples]]

Massu Engira Masilamani (soundtrack)

2025-11-11T08:30:45Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Masss
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cover = Massu Engira Masilamani (soundtrack).jpg
| alt =
| released = 8 May 2015
| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 32:10
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Eros Music]] [[Sony Music South]]
| producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| prev_title = [[Idam Porul Yaeval]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Yatchan]]
| next_year = 2015
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|sFrq3SRyHmw|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

'''''Masss''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] to the 2015 film ''[[Massu Engira Masilamani]]'' directed by [[Venkat Prabhu]] and produced by [[Studio Green]], starring [[Suriya]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Pranitha Subhash]], [[Premgi Amaren]], [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] and [[Samuthirakani]]. Prabhu's norm collaborator [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] composed the film's soundtrack and score while [[Gangai Amaran]], [[Madhan Karky]] and [[Viveka]] wrote the lyrics.

The soundtrack was released under the [[Eros Music]] label on 8 May 2015 to positive reviews from critics. One song "Sema Masss" was tuned by [[S. Thaman]] as the guest composer, which was not included in the film. Despite the film's title change, the album was released under the same name as the film's previous title.

== Development ==
Prabhu's norm collaborator and cousin [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] involved in the film's technical crew during the film's announcement in mid-2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Suriya's Venkat Prabhu film titled ''Masss'' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-venkat-prabhu-film-titled-masss-news-tamil-ohhkpvdbjgghh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707114920/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-venkat-prabhu-film-titled-masss-news-tamil-ohhkpvdbjgghh.html |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=T. Krithika |date=16 August 2014 |title=The Yuvan Wave |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yuvan-shankar-raja-talks-about-his-bollywood-debut-consecutive-charttoppers-and-a-muchtalked-about-single/article6324039.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129093105/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yuvan-shankar-raja-talks-about-his-bollywood-debut-consecutive-charttoppers-and-a-muchtalked-about-single/article6324039.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, Yuvan started working on the film's music the following month.<ref name=":0" /> He stated in an interview, that "I know the title will mislead a lot of people into thinking the songs will be commercial, but the sounds that I've played with for this film will take the audience by surprise" describing the music to be "completely wacky".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandhana |date=12 August 2014 |title=''Masss'' Will Have Wacky Music, Says Yuvan |url=http://silverscreen.in/news/masss-will-wacky-music-says-yuvan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015142/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/masss-will-wacky-music-says-yuvan/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=25 April 2015 |publisher=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> In November 2014, [[Tanvi Shah]] had recorded a song for the film but was not included.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=Tanvi Shah croons for Yuvan in ''Masss'' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tanvi-shah-croons-for-yuvan-in-masss-news-tamil-oltmSTfceefbb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120024221/http://www.sify.com/movies/tanvi-shah-croons-for-yuvan-in-masss-news-tamil-oltmSTfceefbb.html |archive-date=20 November 2014 |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-10 |title=Tanvi Shah enjoyed recording for 'Masss' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/tanvi-shah-enjoyed-recording-for-masss/articleshow/45821873.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021192628/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/tanvi-shah-enjoyed-recording-for-masss/articleshow/45821873.cms |archive-date=2016-10-21 |access-date=2024-10-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> At an award function later that month, Yuvan told that he was working on a special track based on the lines of "[[Thriller (song)|Thriller]]" by [[Michael Jackson]] as a tribute to the pop star.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=24 November 2014 |title=Michael Jackson-inspired number in Suriya's ''Masss'' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/michael-jacksoninspired-number-in-suriyas-masss/article6630307.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015139/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/michael-jacksoninspired-number-in-suriyas-masss/article6630307.ece |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2014 |title=Yuvan's ode to MJ for Suriya ''Masss'' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yuvan-s-ode-to-mj-for-suriya-masss-news-tamil-olypNligdeihd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128083127/http://www.sify.com/movies/yuvan-s-ode-to-mj-for-suriya-masss-news-tamil-olypNligdeihd.html |archive-date=28 November 2014 |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The song was later revealed to be "Poochandi" with lyrics by [[Gangai Amaran]].<ref name=":1" />

In March 2015, an article from ''[[Sify]]'' reported that Yuvan was no longer part of the project and [[S. Thaman]] would compose the remaining songs and the background score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2015 |title=Exclusive: Thaman replaces Yuvan in ''Masss''! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/exclusive-thaman-replaces-yuvan-in-masss-news-tamil-pdrwinhdjcdgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318020833/http://www.sify.com/movies/exclusive-thaman-replaces-yuvan-in-masss-news-tamil-pdrwinhdjcdgd.html |archive-date=18 March 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Venkat Prabhu, however, denied the news.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2015 |title=Yuvan not replaced in ''Masss'' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Yuvan-not-replaced-in-Masss/articleshow/46606393.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Yuvan-not-replaced-in-Masss/articleshow/46606393.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Speaking to Janani Karthik of ''[[The Times of India]]'', Yuvan later admitted that Prabhu needed a [[Dappankuthu|kuthu]] dance number with Suriya and Nayanthara, but he could not work on the song as he was re-recording the film score for ''[[Idam Porul Yaeval]]''. Since he had to shoot the song quickly because of the availability of the actors' dates, he composed a tune and contacted Thaman to orchestrate it.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Karthik |first=Janani |date=31 March 2015 |title=Yuvan on Islam, marriage and Ilayaraja |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yuvan-on-Islam-marriage-and-Ilayaraja/articleshow/46745251.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403062812/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yuvan-on-Islam-marriage-and-Ilayaraja/articleshow/46745251.cms |archive-date=3 April 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He further added "We are good friends and Thaman always used to tell me we should work together. That's how he got into that particular song."<ref name=":2" /> That song was deciphered as "Sema Masss"—a remix of the tune from the Hindi song "Gandi Baat" from ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' (2013)—with Thaman being credited as the composer.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-11 |title=மாஸ் படத்தில் ரீமேக்காகும் கந்தி பாத் பாடல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/37956-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015143/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/37956-.html |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> Yuvan started working on the film's background score during late-April 2015.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2015-04-23 |title=Yuvan working on ''Masss'' BGM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/yuvan-working-on-masss-bgm/articleshow/47024425.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708161943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/yuvan-working-on-masss-bgm/articleshow/47024425.cms |archive-date=2015-07-08 |access-date=2024-10-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film's music rights were acquired by [[Eros Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=L. M. |first=Kaushik |date=2015-04-26 |title=Suriya is super-impressed by Yuvan's ''Masss'' theme |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/suriya-is-in-love-with-yuvans-music-for-his-upcoming-movie-masss.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927181902/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/suriya-is-in-love-with-yuvans-music-for-his-upcoming-movie-masss.html |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Behindwoods |publisher= |quote=The music rights of Suriya - Venkat Prabhu's much-expected Masss has reportedly been bagged by Eros Music.}}</ref> Yuvan submitted the master copy of the audio to the executives of Eros Music on 24 April 2015, which announced the film's music launch to be held by early May 2015.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2015 |title=Masss audio on May 8? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Masss-audio-on-May-8/articleshow/47137547.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Masss-audio-on-May-8/articleshow/47137547.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The film's track list was released on 7 May 2015, and the audio was released directly through music streaming platforms, the following day, without a promotional audio launch event.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2015 |title=Mass tracklist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Mass-tracklist/articleshow/47185167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015215/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Mass-tracklist/articleshow/47185167.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> The songs were aired live through FM stations, on the day of the launch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanagaraj |first=Christopher |date=3 May 2015 |title=Masss Audio Release Date Freezed |url=https://www.studioflicks.com/news/masss-audio-release-date-freezed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617045351/https://www.studioflicks.com/news/masss-audio-release-date-freezed/ |archive-date=17 June 2015 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=StudioFlicks |language=en-US}}</ref> A promotional event to release the music for the film's Telugu version ''Rakshasudu'', was however held on 14 May 2015 at a grand event held at [[Hyderabad]], with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]] and [[Prabhas]] attending the event as chief guests.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA984Ngl3Pw |title=Rakshasudu Audio Launch LIVE - Suriya {{!}} Nayanthara {{!}} Pranitha Subash {{!}} Venkat Prabhu |date=2015-05-14 |last= |publisher=Shreyas Media |access-date=2024-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518144650/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA984Ngl3Pw |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref>

The song "Sema Masss" was neither included in the film nor in the soundtrack album. However, the Telugu version of the song "Super Masss" was included in that album. "Sema Masss" was separately and officially uploaded in YouTube, and also as a bonus track, after the film's release.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Sema Masss Full Audio Song Masss |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTqPumaD6Pk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015712/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTqPumaD6Pk |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=21 September 2015 |publisher=Youtube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 August 2015 |title=Sema Masss Full Video Song Masss |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylY_c7bgOlg&list=PLzSuLv6aXOfOw2oLz9fWDPgAIjUpQ6eaT |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylY_c7bgOlg&list=PLzSuLv6aXOfOw2oLz9fWDPgAIjUpQ6eaT |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2015 |publisher=Youtube}}</ref> the digital rights for streaming and online distribution (including official YouTube uploads) were later released by [[Sony Music South]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFrq3SRyHmw |title=Masss {{!}} Music Album {{!}} Full Audio Songs |date=2015-05-08 |last=Sony Music South |access-date=2025-11-11 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Track listing ==

=== Tamil ===
{{track listing
| headline = ''Masss'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Therikkudhu Masss
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| lyrics1 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| length1 = 04:43
| title2 = Naan Aval Illai
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| lyrics2 = Madhan Karky
| length2 = 04:36
| title3 = Poochandi
| extra3 = Yuvan Shankar Raja, [[Pooja Vaidyanath]]
| lyrics3 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| length3 = 04:55
| title4 = Con Man Theme
| note4 =
| length4 = 02:23
| title5 = Piravi
| extra5 = [[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]]
| lyrics5 = Madhan Karky
| length5 = 04:37
| title6 = Masss Theme
| note6 =
| length6 = 02:02
| title7 = Sema Masss
| extra7 = [[M. M. Manasi]], Nivas
| lyrics7 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| note7 = Additional Track
| length7 = 03:28
| note8 = Gasa Gasa Mix
| music8 = Yuvan Shankar Raja, [[Premgi Amaren]] (remix)
| music7 = [[S. Thaman]]
| music6 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music5 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| note5 =
| music4 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music3 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music2 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music1 = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| lyrics6 = —
| extra6 = Instrumental
| lyrics8 = Madhan Karky
| lyrics4 = —
| extra4 = [[Instrumental]]
| length10 =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| title9 =
| length8 = 05:51
| title8 = Therikkudhu Masss
| all_writing =
| extra8 = Shankar Mahadevan, Ranjith, Yuvan Shankar Raja, Premgi Amaren
}}

=== Telugu ===
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = ''Rakshasudu'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| total_length =
| title1 = Masss
| extra1 = Karthik, Sooraj Santosh
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| length1 = 04:43
| title2 = Nee Needavutha
| extra2 = Karthik, Chinmayi
| lyrics2 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| length2 = 04:36
| title3 = Boochi Boochai
| extra3 = Rakendu Mouli, Pooja Vaidyanath
| lyrics3 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| length3 = 04:58
| title4 = Jananam Nichi
| extra4 = [[Malathy Lakshman]]
| lyrics4 = Vennelakanti
| length4 = 04:37
| title5 = Masss
| extra5 = Karthik, Sooraj Santosh, Premgi Amaren
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| length5 = 05:51
| title6 = Super Masss
| extra6 = M. M. Manasi, Nivas
| lyrics6 = [[Sri Mani]]
| length6 = 03:28
| title7 = Masss Theme
| extra7 = Instrumental
| lyrics7 = —
| length7 = 02:02
| title8 = Con Man Theme
| extra8 = Instrumental
| lyrics8 = —
| length8 = 02:23
| music3 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music8 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music7 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music6 = S. Thaman
| music5 = Yuvan Shankar Raja, Premgi Amaren
| music4 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| length9 =
| music2 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| music1 = Yuvan Shankar Raja
| length10 =
| title10 =
| title9 =
| all_writing =
| note5 = Remix
}}

== Reception ==
The soundtrack received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V.P |first=Nicy |date=9 May 2015 |title='Masss' Music Review Review Round-Up: Yuvan Shankar Raja's Composition Impresses Critics [AUDIO] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-music-review-review-round-yuvan-shankar-rajas-composition-impresses-critics-audio-631861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015656/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-music-review-review-round-yuvan-shankar-rajas-composition-impresses-critics-audio-631861 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=International Business Times India |language=en}}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' rated the soundtrack 3.25 out of 5 and noted that Prabhu and Yuvan's successful collaboration "strike again, this time with more experimentation and vivacity".<ref>{{cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=''Masss'' Songs Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/masss/masss-songs-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510164436/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/masss/masss-songs-review.html |archive-date=10 May 2015 |access-date=13 May 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> ''Indiaglitz'' gave it 3 out of 5 and described it as "a reviving, soulful and definitely a chart-topper material".<ref>{{cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=Masss – Nailed it |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/18868.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510171429/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/18868.html |archive-date=10 May 2015 |access-date=15 May 2015 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> Subramanian Harikumar of [[BollywoodLife.com|''Bollywoodlife.com'']] also gave it three out of 5 "Yuvan's album has one or two standout numbers [...] which will stay with you even after a while you are done listening."<ref>{{cite web |last=Harikumar |first=Subramanian |date=14 May 2015 |title=Masss Music Review: Yuvan scores a crowd-pleasing album for Suriya starrer |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/masss-music-review-yuvan-shankar-raja-scores-a-crowd-pleasing-album-for-suriya-starrer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015657/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/reviews/masss-music-review-yuvan-shankar-raja-scores-a-crowd-pleasing-album-for-suriya-starrer-507775/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=18 May 2015 |publisher=Bollywood Life}}</ref>

Akilan Nagarajan of ''Moviecrow'' gave 2.75 out of 5 to the album and stated "This album provides the right amount of coolness one would expect from a Yuvan Shankar Raja-Venkat Prabhu collaboration, but it just doesn't pull off the "awe" that these two have been providing all over the years. Not the powerhouse we wanted, but definitely the fun we needed."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masss Songs - Music Review |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/8105/masss-songs---music-review |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=www.moviecrow.com |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015659/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/8105/masss-songs---music-review |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan]] of ''Milliblog'' described it as "the weakest soundtrack among all Venkat Prabhu-Yuvan combos."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |date=8 May 2015 |title=Masss (Music review), Tamil – Yuvan Shankar Raja |url=https://milliblog.com/2015/05/08/masss-music-review-tamil-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015658/https://milliblog.com/2015/05/08/masss-music-review-tamil-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref>

M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' found the songs to be "plain indulgences (the Thriller-like Poochandi is visually interesting but brings the story to a halt)".<ref>{{cite news |date=30 May 2015 |title=Massu Engira Masilamani Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Massu-Engira-Maasilamani/movie-review/47478482.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329053808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/massu-engira-maasilamani/movie-review/47478482.cms |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=3 June 2015 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "Yuvan Shankar Raja's music keeps up with the tempo of the film."<ref>{{cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=29 May 2015 |title=Review: Massu Engira Masilamani entertains |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-massu-engira-masilamani-entertains/20150529.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020235/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-massu-engira-masilamani-entertains/20150529.htm |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote "Yuvan's background score warrants mention."<ref>{{cite news |date=30 May 2015 |title=Movie review 'Masss': This film is certainly watchable |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150530/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-masss-film-certainly-watchable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020212/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150530/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-masss-film-certainly-watchable |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Yuvan Shankar Raja}}
[[Category:2015 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Yuvan Shankar Raja soundtracks]]
[[Category:Tamil film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Horror film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Comedy film soundtracks]]

Ananya Kasaravalli

2025-10-28T10:05:17Z

Aspireitacademy:

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ananya Kasaravalli
|image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = The cast and crew of the film Harikatha Prasanga at the presentation, during the 47th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2016), in Panaji, Goa on November 24, 2016.jpg
|bSize = 1550
|cWidth = 200
|cHeight = 260
|oTop = 120
|oLeft = 1135
|Location=center}}

| caption = Ananya Kasaravalli, [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[47th International Film Festival of India|2016]])
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| father = [[Girish Kasaravalli]]
| mother = [[Vaishali Kasaravalli]]
| relatives = [[Apurva Kasaravalli]] (brother)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/apoorva-kasaravalli-gets-married-to-vandana-supriya/articleshow/58241872.cms |title=Apoorva Kasaravalli gets married to Vandana Supriya |work=[[The Times of India]]|location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926094000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/apoorva-kasaravalli-gets-married-to-vandana-supriya/articleshow/58241872.cms |archive-date=26 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| spouse = M.S. Santhosh<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ananya-kasaravalli-gets-hitched/articleshow/68126521.cms |title=Ananya Kasaravalli gets hitched |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012001118/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ananya-kasaravalli-gets-hitched/articleshow/68126521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
'''Ananya Kasaravalli''' is an Indian actress and director in the [[Kannada film industry]], and a [[Theatre of India|theatre]] artist in Karnataka, India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/ananya-kasaravalli-makes-debut-as-director/article7714099.ece |title=Ananya Kasaravalli makes debut as director |last=Khajane |first=Muralidhara |date=2 October 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]|location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926094006/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/ananya-kasaravalli-makes-debut-as-director/article7714099.ece |archive-date=26 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Born into a family of filmmakers,<ref>{{Cite web|last=cris|date=2016-12-16|title=It's all in the family for Ananya|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/151216/its-all-in-the-family-for-ananya.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> she had a successful acting career in films, television and theater before taking up filmmaking at LV Prasad Film and TV Academy, Chennai.

Ananya's notable films as an actress include ''[[Kaada Beladingalu]] (2007)'' and ''[[Naayi Neralu]]'' (2006). Her debut directorial feature Harikatha Prasanga/Chronicles of Hari (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananya Kasaravalli dons the director's hat with 'Harikatha Prasanga'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ananya-kasaravalli-dons-the-director-s-hat-with-harikatha-prasanga-2130520|access-date=2022-02-10|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> won the Best film in the Indian Cinema Competition section in the [[9th Bengaluru International Film Festival 2017|9th Bengaluru International Film Festival]].

== Career ==
Ananya started her career in the industry as an actress. She first appeared as a child actor in Goodininda Gaganakke, a tele-serial which aired on [[Doordarshan]]. She has since appeared in several films such as [[Naayi Neralu]], [[Kaada Beladingalu]] as well as popular television serials like Guptagamini, Malebillu, among others. In addition to her work in films and TV, Ananya was also actively involved in several Kannada theatre productions.

Ananya took a hiatus from her acting career to pursue filmmaking. In 2014, she graduated from LV Prasad Film & TV Academy, [[Chennai]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2016|title=Ananya Kasaravalli dons father Girish's mantle|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/580087/ananya-kasaravalli-dons-father-girishs.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118212601/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/580087/ananya-kasaravalli-dons-father-girishs.html|archive-date=18 January 2018|access-date=29 August 2019|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|location=India}}</ref> with a master's degree in filmmaking. Ananya worked as an assistant director before helming her own productions. She began by assisting her father, Girish Kasaravalli, on his films, ''[[Naayi Neralu]]'' and ''[[Hasina (film)|Hasina]]''. She also worked as an assistant director on [[Oggarane (film)|Oggarane]] directed by [[Prakash Raj]] and [[Vidaaya]] directed by [[P. Sheshadri|P Sheshadri]]. She was also the costume designer for [[Naayi Neralu]] and [[Koormavatara]].

Ananya came into her own as a young director with short films like ''Wasiyat Nama, Beyond Binary'' (a documentary on transfeminity) and ''Kappu Kallina Shaitana''. All of them have been highly acclaimed in festival circuits and have won several awards in the short film category.

In 2016, she directed her first feature film ''Harikatha Prasanga/Chronicles of Hari''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarkar|first=Dipankar|date=2016-12-07|title=Ananya Kasaravalli: Dance like a woman|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/lCYlvEtwZT33ia6M1wrYIK/Ananya-Kasaravalli-Dance-like-a-woman.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> which was based on a short story named ''Beladi Harishchandra'' by writer [[Gopalakrishna Pai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crossing the gender boundaries|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2016/dec/16/crossing-the-gender-boundaries-1549883.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012001118/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2016/dec/16/crossing-the-gender-boundaries-1549883.html|archive-date=12 October 2020|access-date=29 August 2019|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|location=India}}</ref> ''Harikatha Prasanga'' won in the Best Film category at the Jaffna International Cinema Festival as well as the Best Film in the Indian Cinema Competition at the [[9th Bengaluru International Film Festival 2017|9th Bengaluru International Film Festival]]. It competed for the Centenary Award (Best Debut Feature of a Director) at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 November 2016|title=An artist in conflict|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/kannada-feature-film-yakshagana-harikatha-prasanga-ananya-kasaravalli-4390407/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612192029/http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/kannada-feature-film-yakshagana-harikatha-prasanga-ananya-kasaravalli-4390407/|archive-date=12 June 2018|access-date=29 August 2019|work=[[The Indian Express]]|location=India}}</ref> It was also the first Kannada cinema to be selected for the [[Busan International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kannada film makes it to prestigeous film festival - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/harikatha-prasanga-makes-it-to-busan-film-festival/articleshow/54592092.cms|access-date=2022-02-10|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The film was also screened at the [[Museum of the Moving Image|Museum of Moving Image - MOMI New York]], South Asian International Festival, Singapore and the Jio MAMI International Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|title=The gender-fluid struggle|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-the-gender-fluid-struggle-2270571|access-date=2022-02-10|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> among several others.

Ananya is also an associate professor at her alma mater, LV Prasad Film & TV Academy, where she teaches a course in direction.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ANANYA KASARAVALLI|url=https://www.prasadacademy.com/staff-members/ananya-kasaravalli/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=L.V. Prasad Academy|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ananya is the daughter of [[Girish Kasaravalli]] and [[Vaishali Kasaravalli]], and sister of [[Apurva Kasaravalli]]. She is married to M S Santosh.

== Filmography ==

=== As actor ===

==== Films ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Film
!Role
!Director
!Language
|-
|''Goodininda Gaganakke''
|Child actor
|
| rowspan="5" |[[Kannada]]
|-
|''Naayi Neralu''
|
|Girish Kasaravalli
|-
|''Kaada Beladingalu''
|Sudeshne
|B S Lingadevaru
|-
|''Desi''
|
|Nikhil Manju
|-
| ''[[Parole (2010 film)|Parole]]''
|journalist
|Shekhar
|-
|''Echcha Dana''
|
|Rwita Dutta
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|}

==== Telefilms and Teleserials ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Role
!Director
!Language
|-
|Lakshmi Kataksha
|
|Prema Karanth
| rowspan="10" |Kannada
|-
|Kaveri Kangalalli
|Kaveri
|Bokkapatna Vasu
|-
|Radha
|Rukmini
|
|-
|Guptagamini
|
|
|-
|Muttina Torana
|Madhu
|
|-
|Malebillu
|Soujanya
|
|-
|Mooka Raaga
|Mute character
|Vaishali Kasaravalli
|-
|Paaru
|Counsellor
|
|-
|Tripura Sundari
|Eshwari
|Vridhi Creations
|-
|Chidambara Rahasya
|Jayanthi
|Girish Karnad
|}

==== Theatre ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Play
!Role
!Director
!Troupe
!Language
|-
|Hayavadana
|Padmini
|B V Karanth
| rowspan="2" |Benaka
| rowspan="6" |Kannada
|-
|Jokumaraswamy
|Ningi
|
|-
|Mrichchakatika
|Vasanta Sene
| rowspan="2" |Suresh Anagalli
| rowspan="2" |Aneka
|-
|Meghadoota
|
|-
|Bhagavadajjukeeya
|
|Sundarashree
|
|-
|Ratto Ratto Rayana Magane
|
|Srivatsa
|
|}

=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Credit
!Language
|-
|2014
|Kappu Kallina Shaitana
| rowspan="4" |Director
| rowspan="4" |Kannada
|-
|2015
|Wasiyat Nama
|-
|
|Beyond Binary
|-
|2017
|Harikatha Prasanga
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Award
! Credit
! Category
! Result
! Ref
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Kappu Kallina Shaitana
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Pune International Film Festival]]
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:left;" | ''Director''
| style="text-align:left;"| Best Short Film
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ananya-Kasaravallis-film-wins-Pune-festival-award/articleshow/29091396.cms |title=Ananya Kasaravalli's film wins Pune festival award |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012001121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ananya-Kasaravallis-film-wins-Pune-festival-award/articleshow/29091396.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2014
|Parampara International Film Festival
|Best Film
|Won
|
|-
|2014
|Kalapinjhar Kolkata
|Best Short Fiction
|Won
|
|-
|2015
|Wasiyat Nama
|Chennai International Short Film Festival
|Best Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography
|Won
|
|-
|2017
| rowspan="3" |Harikatha Prasanga
|[[Bengaluru International Film Festival]]
|Best Film - Indian Film Competition
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web|first=Shyam Prasad|last=S.|date=February 10, 2017|title=Kannada film Harikatha Prasanga bags top honour at BIFFes|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kannada-film-harikatha-prasanga-bags-top-honour-at-biffes/articleshow/57068463.cms|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162137/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kannada-film-harikatha-prasanga-bags-top-honour-at-biffes/articleshow/57068463.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|[[International Film Festival of India]]
|Centenary Award - Best Debut Feature of a Director
|Nominated
|
|-
|2017
|Jaffna International Cinema Festival
|Best Debut Feature Film
|Won
|
|}

{{commons category}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|6471778|Ananya Kasaravalli}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasaravalli, Ananya}}
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Krishika Lulla

2025-09-17T13:23:21Z

Aspireitacademy: Put Up Basic Data Basic Info

{{short description|Indian film producer}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishika Lulla
| image = Krishika Lulla on Monogram collection (cropped).jpg
| caption = Lulla in 2018
| birth_name = Krishika Singh
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Film producer, writer
| years_active = 2010–present
| spouse = Sunil Lulla
| children = 1
| notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]''|''[[Happy Bhag Jayegi]]''}}
| organisation = [[Eros International]]
}}

'''Krishika Lulla''' is an Indian film producer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Krishika Lulla On Bollywood, Films And Women Leaders |url=https://businessworld.in/article/krishika-lulla-on-bollywood-films-and-women-leaders-117968 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=BW Businessworld |language=en}}</ref> She made her foray into producing films with 2010s romantic film ''[[Anjaana Anjaani]]'', a co-production with [[Sajid Nadiadwala]], starring [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]].<ref name=":0" /> In December 2010, India's first live action animation film ''[[Toonpur Ka Superrhero]]'' was released, with Krishika at the helm as producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-03 |title=Toonpur Ka Superhero to release on December 17 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/toonpur-ka-superhero-to-release-on-december-17/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Krishika married Sunil Lulla, managing director and executive vice-chair of [[Eros International]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=The Peacock |date=2017-11-28 |title=KRISHIKA LULLA |url=https://www.thepeacockmagazine.com/krishika-lulla |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Peacock Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
2011 was a successful year for the Lulla with two more movies to her credit – the much acclaimed ''[[Chalo Dilli]]'' by Shashant Shah,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Bhupathi Gears Up For His Acting Debut |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mahesh-bhupathi-gears-up-for-his-acting-debut-619484 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> a fun slice of life film starring [[Lara Dutta]] and [[Vinay Pathak]] and ''[[Desi Boyz]]'' starring [[Akshay Kumar]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Chitrangada Singh]]. ''Desi Boyz'' had Krishika<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Krishika-Lulla-is-all-for-encouraging-young-talent/articleshow/10780659.cms |title=Krishika Lulla is all for encouraging young talent |date=2011-11-19 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> launching the talented Rohit Dhawan, son of [[David Dhawan]] in his directorial debut.

In 2013, Krishika produced the film ''[[Raanjhanaa]]'', directed by [[Anand L. Rai]], starring [[Sonam Kapoor]], [[Dhanush]], and [[Abhay Deol]]. The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2013-07-10 |title=Raanjhanaa's director plans trilogy of romantic musicals : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/raanjhanaas-director-plans-trilogy-of-romantic-musicals/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Bajatey Raho]]'', another production by Krishika, featured an ensemble cast including [[Vinay Pathak]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Tusshar Kapoor]], [[Ravi Kishan]] and [[Dolly Ahluwalia]].

In 2015, Krishika teamed up with notable director [[Anand L. Rai]] to present what would be one of the biggest hits of that year, [[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title='Tanu Weds Manu 2' a real sequel: Krishika Lulla |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tanu-weds-manu-2-a-real-sequel-krishika-lulla/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Their association further continued with [[Happy Bhag Jayegi]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/140816/it-is-the-content-that-brought-us-together-krishika-lulla.html |title=It is the content that brought us together: Krishika Lulla |first1=Rohit |last1=Bhatnagar |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=2014-08-14}}</ref> directed by [[Mudassar Aziz]], a family entertainer starring [[Diana Penty]], [[Abhay Deol]], [[Ali Fazal]] and [[Momal Sheikh]] that released on 19 August 2016.

In 2016, Krishika produced the entertainment thriller [[Banjo (2016 film)|Banjo]],<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://bollyspice.com/nargis-fakhri-krishika-lulla-learn-language-banjo/ |title=Nargis Fakhri and Krishika Lulla learn a language for Banjo |date=2016-08-14 |website=Bollyspice}}</ref> which was a musical drama which marking multiple national award-winning Marathi Director [[Ravi Jadhav]]’s debut in Hindi starring [[Riteish Deshmukh]] and [[Nargis Fakhri]]. Banjo made its worldwide release on 23 September.

With a diverse range of Bollywood films to her credit already, Krishika has also forayed into regional cinema and backed two Marathi projects -, [[Phuntroo]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bollyspice.com/phuntroo-to-zara-hatke-krishika-lulla-is-excited-about-her-regional-films |title=Phuntroo to & Zara Hatke, Krishika Lulla is excited about her regional films |first1=Joginder |last1=Tuteja |date=2016-03-13 | website=Bollyspice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9944/ |title=Krishika Lulla's sci-fi experiment in Marathi pays off with Phuntroo |first1=Joginder |last1=Tuteja |date=2016-03-14 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917033928/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9944/ |archive-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> a sci-fi romantic love story, a first for Marathi cinema, directed by National Award Winning [[Sujay Dahake]] and & Jara Hatke, starring [[Mrinal Kulkarni]], [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Siddharth Menon (singer)|Siddharth Menon]] and Shivani Rangole, a beautiful story of human relationships, which she co-produced with [[Ravi Jadhav]], both of which released earlier this year (2016).

As brand ambassador, Krishika recently hosted the launch of the new Asian restaurant Dashanzi at JW Marriott, [[Juhu]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebs At Dashanzi Restaurant Launch |url=https://www.darpanmagazine.com/photos/bollywood/celebs-at-dashanzi-restaurant-launch/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.darpanmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== As Producer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Language
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Anjaana Anjaani]]''
| rowspan="9" | [[Hindi]]
|
|-
| ''[[Toonpur Ka Super Hero]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Chalo Dilli]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Desi Boyz]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Raanjhanaa]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Bajatey Raho]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015
| ''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=bhatnagar |first=rohit |date=2016-08-14 |title=It is the content that brought us together: Krishika Lulla |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/140816/it-is-the-content-that-brought-us-together-krishika-lulla.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Happy Bhag Jayegi]]''
|
|-
|''[[NH10 (film)|NH10]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-14 |title=NH10′ will grow via word of mouth: Krishika Lulla |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nh10-will-grow-via-word-of-mouth-krishika-lulla/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Phuntroo]]''
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|}

== Awards ==
In 2015, she received the FOG Award at the [[San Francisco International Film Festival|San Francisco Global Movie Fest]], organized by the Federation of Indo-American Association of Northern California.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-06 |title=Krishika Lulla bagged the Fog Award in California last month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/krishika-lulla-bagged-the-fog-award-in-california-last-month/articleshow/48837567.cms |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist }}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|4299305}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lulla, Krishika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Indian women film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ho Jamalo

2025-09-06T13:18:25Z

Aspireitacademy: reworked intro per standard format and improved wording

{{Short description|Folk song and associated dance in the Sindhi culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Culture of Sindh}}
"'''Ho Jamalo'''" is a [[Sindhi language|Sindhi-language]] folk song and associated dance in the [[Sindhis|Sindhi culture]]. The performance is about the local folk hero Jamalo. It is sung in chorus to the rhythm created by the clapping of the hands apart from musical instruments. Its composition is simple and is intelligible to every [[Sindhis|Sindhi]]. The word 'Jamalo' is derived from the Arabic word ''Jamal'' which means ''beauty''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Allana |first1=Dr. Ghulam Ali |title=Folk Music Of Sind |date=1982 |publisher=Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh |page=70}}</ref> The dance is performed as part of a victory or celebration. Though it originated in [[Sindh]], it is popular throughout [[Pakistan]] as well as the [[Sindhi Hindus]] in [[India]]. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Ember |first1=Melvin |title=Countries and their cultures |date=2001 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |isbn=9780028649504 |page=1701}}</ref>

A [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] rendition of the song was performed by [[Ali Sethi]] and [[Humaira Arshad]] in [[Coke Studio (Pakistani season 11)|season 11]] of ''[[Coke Studio Pakistan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/10/30/coke-studio-season-11-from-the-highs-of-shikwa-to-the-slumps-of-ko-ko-korina/|title=Coke Studio Season 11: From the highs of 'Shikwa' to the slumps of 'Ko Ko Korina'|work=Pakistan Today|date=30 October 2018|accessdate=13 May 2022|first=Saman|last=Shafiq}}</ref>

==History of Ho Jamalo==
There are several versions of the history of Ho Jamalo.

According to one origin story, during British colonial rule, Jamalo Sheedi, a death-row prisoner in Sukkur, volunteered to test-drive a train across the newly constructed Sukkur Bridge (Lansdowne Bridge) in exchange for his freedom. His successful crossing led to his pardon, and in jubilation, his relatives composed the song with the refrain "Ho Jamalo, Wah Wah Jamalo."<ref>{{cite web |title=
Jamalo Sheedi’s ‘Ho Jamalo, Wah Wah Jamalo’ |url=https://sindhnews.com.pk/jamalo-sheedis-ho-jamalo-wah-wah-jamalo |website=sindhnews.com.pk |language=en |date=27 April 2022}}</ref>

Another story goes that a fierce battle was fought somewhere in upper Sindh and the dwellers of the area were facing extreme challenges against the invaders. At this juncture, a man named Jamal, who was very brave and courageous, led a small army to fight against the invaders. There was a fierce and bloody encounter and he emerged victorious. When he came home within sight of their settlement, the women of the area came out singing: ‘Ho Jamalo, khati aayo khair saan.’ Translation: Oh great Jamalo, you have come victorious without facing any loss.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ho Jamalo |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1433223 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Sindhi culture]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sindhi dance]]
[[Category:Sindhi music]]
[[Category:Sindhi folklore]]
[[Category:British East India Company]]
[[Category:Songs in Sindhi]]
[[Category:Ali Sethi songs]]

{{Pakistan-stub}}
{{folk-song-stub}}

Khetasar

2025-08-15T09:05:38Z

Aspireitacademy: Put Up Initial Info Added Tags

{{short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khetasar
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = 
| image_caption = 
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|40|53|N|72|49|43|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Osian tehsil|Osian Tehsil]]
| established_title = 
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| population_total = 
| population_as_of = 
| population_density_km2 = 
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi, Rajasthani
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 342301
| area_code = 
| registration_plate = 
| website = 
| pushpin_label =

}}

'''Khetasar''' is a village in the [[Osian tehsil|Osian Tehsil]] of [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur District]] in the state of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It is part of the Jodhpur Division and is situated 57 kilometers north of the district headquarters Jodhpur. Khetasar is located 19 kilometers from Osian and 348 kilometers from the state capital [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=KHETASAR Pin Code - 342303, Osian All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search JODHPUR Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/jodhpur/khetasar-pincode-342303.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पिन कोड of Khetasar BO: Khetasar BO Pin Code and Jodhpur Post Office Address - NDTV.in |url=https://ndtv.in/tools/pincodes-india/rajasthan/jodhpur/khetasar-bo |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pin Code: KHETASAR, JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN, India, Pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/RAJASTHAN/JODHPUR/K/KHETASAR |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=amp.pincode.net.in |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301110807/https://amp.pincode.net.in/RAJASTHAN/JODHPUR/K/KHETASAR |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Nearby Villages ==
* Khabra Khurd (8 km)
* Banakabas (10 km)
* [[Osian, Jodhpur|Osian]] (10 km)
* Berdon Ka Bas (13 km)
* Tapu (13 km)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Jodhpur district]]

Raja Manzoor Ahmad

2025-07-29T06:16:51Z

Aspireitacademy: added info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
[[File:Raja Manzoor Khan.jpg|thumb|]]
'''Raja Manzoor Ahmad Khan''' is an Indian politician who served as the Member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Karnah]] constituency of the [[Kupwara district]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kashmirreader.com/2017/05/12/teetwal-keran-developed-border-tourism/|title=Teetwal, Keran developed under Border Tourism|date=12 May 2017|work=Kashmir Reader|accessdate=28 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was a member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|Peoples Democratic Party]]. He won general assembly elections 2014 with a huge margin. Before jumping into politics he served as public prosecutor in district court Kupwara. He ran a campaign for the construction of Sadhna Tunnel on Tangdar Kupwara Highway for an ease in commutation of the people residing in Karnah. He was expelled from PDP on January 9, 2020. He is the founding member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] and is currently serving as district president, [[Kupwara district]].

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}||{{Lost}}||12.47%||[[Javaid Ahmad Mirchal]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}||34.59%||<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||{{Won}}||47.75%||Kifil-Ur-Rehman Khan||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||25.46%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]||[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||{{Lost}}||12.19%||Kifil-Ur-Rehman Khan||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||19.15%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manzoor Ahmad, Khan , Raja,}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Apni Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Kupwara district]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Paranath Avtar

2025-05-14T20:52:04Z

Aspireitacademy: starting new data - done

{{short description|Poetic composition}}
{{Infobox religious text|religion=[[Sikhism]]|name=Parasnath Avtar|previous=Datta Avtar|previouslink=Rudra Avtar|image=Concluding portion of Paras Nath Avatar and opening verses of Shabad Hazare (also known as Shabad Patshahi 10) - from the Anandpuri Hazuri bir (manuscript) of the Dasam Granth.jpg|next=Shabad Hazare|caption=Concluding portion of Paras Nath Avatar and opening verses of Shabad Hazare (also known as Shabad Patshahi 10) - from the Anandpuri Hazuri bir (manuscript) of the Dasam Granth dated to 1698|author=[[Guru Gobind Singh]]|verses=358 chhands}}
{{Dasam Granth Sidebar}}
'''Paranath''' or '''Parasnath Avtar''' is a composition, within [[Rudra Avtar|the Rudra Avtar]], written by [[Guru Gobind Singh]], which is present in the [[Dasam Granth]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book |author=Rinehart |first=Robin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qe6WnpbT2BkC&pg=PA106 |title=Debating the Dasam Granth |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-984247-6 |pages=31}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
It is the second of the two chapters of the Rudra Avtar, with the preceding chapter covering [[Dattatreya|Datta Avtar]].<ref name=":1" /> The composition has 358 [[Chhand|Channds]].<ref>Page 17, Dasam Granth, Dr. S.S. Kapoor, Hemkunt Press</ref> The composition is about the life history of Parasnath and his discourse with [[Matsyendranath]]. The composition is succeeded in sequence by [[Sabad Patshahi 10|Sabhad Hazare Patshahi 10]].<ref name=":1" /> Unlike Chandi Charitar and Krishna Avtar, the source of narration of Parasnath Avtar is not any of the 36 Puranas.<ref name="sskpur">Dasam Granth, S.S. Kapoor, Page 17</ref> This narration is most likely about the 23rd [[Tirthankara]], [[Parshwanath]] of [[Jainism]] as the narration is about internal struggle, which resembles with Jainism.

Parasnath is described as venerating [[Durga]] in verses no.45–89 of the chapter.<ref name=":1" />

==Internal Struggle==
This composition contains an internal contest between Bibek (or discernment) and Abibek (or ignorance), which explains the warriors of [[Dharma]] and [[Adharma]].<ref>Page 185, When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799, Purnima Dhavan,
Oxford University Press, Oct 25, 2011</ref> All vices and virtues are shown in the form of warriors which fight in battle.
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dasam Granth]]

2011 Mumbai Indians season

2024-05-24T07:13:53Z

Aspireitacademy: New Entry...

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Mumbai Indians
| season = 2011
| coach = [[Robin Singh (cricketer, born 1963)|Robin Singh]]
| captain = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (IPL) [[Harbhajan Singh]] (CLT20)
| comp1 = [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Playoffs
| comp2 = [[Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]
| comp2 result = Champions
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| most catches =
| most dismissals =
| prevseason = [[Mumbai Indians in 2010|2010]]
| nextseason = [[Mumbai Indians in 2012|2012]]
}}

[[Mumbai Indians]] (MI) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Mumbai]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the ten teams that took part in the [[2011 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Sachin Tendulkar]] for the fourth season in succession.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Most Inside |date=2021-08-16 |title=7 Players Who Have Been The Captains For Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.mostinside.com/players-who-have-been-the-captains-for-mumbai-indians/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Most Inside |language=en-US}}</ref>

Mumbai Indians reached the Qualifier of playoff stage in the 2011 IPL where they were defeated by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. They qualified for the [[2011 Champions League Twenty20]], where they emerged as champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian T20 League 2011 - Mumbai Indians squad |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2037/indian-premier-league-2011/teams/62/mumbai/squads |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinay |date=2022-10-09 |title=Mumbai Indians' Champions League T20 2011 winning team - Where are they now? |url=https://swagcricket.com/mumbai-indians-champions-league-t20-2011-winning-team-where-are-they-now/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=SwagCricket |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Indian Premier League==

===Squad===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Batsmen
|-
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1973|4|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
| [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1987|4|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Aiden Blizzard]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1984|6|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Tirumalasetti Suman]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1983|12|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Suryakumar Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1990|9|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Sarul Kanwar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1987|11|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| All-rounders
|-
| [[Andrew Symonds]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1975|6|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Kieron Pollard]] || {{cr|TRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1987|5|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
| [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1980|11|7|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Moises Henriques]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1987|2|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Rajagopal Sathish]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1981|1|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Aditya Tare]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1987|11|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
| [[Ambati Rayudu]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1985|9|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
| [[Davy Jacobs]] || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1982|11|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || Overseas
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Bowlers
|-
| [[Harbhajan Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1980|7|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Vice-Captain
|-
| [[Dilhara Fernando]] || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1979|7|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Clint McKay]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1983|2|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1988|12|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
| [[Munaf Patel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1983|7|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
| [[Lasith Malinga]] || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1983|8|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Ali Murtaza]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1990|1|1|df=y}} || Left-handed || Slow Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] ||
|-
| [[Pawan Suyal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1989|10|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Ray Price (cricketer)|Ray Price]] || {{cr|ZIM}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|06|12|1976|10|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left arm orthodox]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Abu Nechim]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1988|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
| [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2011|04|15|1990|7|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
|}

===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 1 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=10|format=md}}|| [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Delhi]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:(99 /(16+5/6) *20)-95}}}}Won by 8 wickets; MoM – [[Lasith Malinga]] 5/13 (3.4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501201.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 2 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=12|format=md}}|| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Bangalore]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:(143 /(18+5/6) *20)-140}}}}Won by 9 wickets; MoM – [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 55* (46) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501205.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 3 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=15|format=md}}|| [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:182-(184 /19 *20)}}}}Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501210.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 4 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=20|format=md}}|| [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:124-118}}}}Won by 7 wickets; MoM – [[Munaf Patel]] 3/8 (2.2 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501218.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 5 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=22|format=md}}|| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1=8}}Won by 8 runs; MoM – [[Harbhajan Singh]] 5/18 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501221.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 6 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=24|format=md}}|| [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] || {{nts|1=37}}Won by 37 runs; MoM – [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/9 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501224.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 7 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=29|format=md}}|| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Jaipur]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:94-(95 /(18+1/6) *20)}}}}Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501231.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 8 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=2|format=md}}|| [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1=23}}Won by 23 runs; MoM – [[Kieron Pollard]] 20 (11), 1/18 (3 overs) and 2 catches || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501237.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 9 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=4|format=md}}|| [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1=21}}Won by 21 runs|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501241.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 10 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=7|format=md}}|| [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1=32}}Won by 32 runs; MoM – [[Ambati Rayudu]] 59 (39), 1 catch and 1 runout || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501246.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 11 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=10|format=md}}|| [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Mohali]] || {{nts|1=-76}}Lost by 76 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501251.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 12 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=14|format=md}}|| [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1=-10}}Lost by 10 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501256.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 13 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=20|format=md}}|| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:133-(134 /(13+1/6) *20)}}}}Lost by 10 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501263.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 14 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=22|format=md}}|| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Kolkata]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:178-175}}}}Won by 7 wickets; MoM – [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] 45 (23) and 2/35 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501267.html ESPNcricinfo]
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Eliminator
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 15 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=25|format=md}}|| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Mumbai]] || {{nts|1={{#expr:(148 /(19+2/6) *20)-147}}}}Won by 4 wickets; MoM – [[Munaf Patel]] 3/27 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501269.html ESPNcricinfo]
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Qualifier 2
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 16 ||{{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=27|format=md}}|| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Chennai]] || {{nts|1=-43}}Lost by 43 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501270.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 10–6. Advanced to the playoffs.
|}

==Champions League Twenty20==
===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 1 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=9|3=24|format=md}}|| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Chennai]] || {{nts|1=4}}Won by 3 wickets; MoM [[Lasith Malinga]] 37* (24) and 1/29 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521328.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 2 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=9|3=26|format=md}}|| [[Trinidad and Tobago cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Bengaluru]] || {{nts|1=4}}Won by 1 wicket || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521331.html ESPNcricinfo]
|-
|| 3 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=9|3=30|format=md}}|| [[Cape Cobras]] || [[Bengaluru]] || {{nts|1=4}}Match did not start after intermittent rain || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521336.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 4 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=10|3=2|format=md}}|| [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]] || [[Chennai]] || {{nts|1=4}}Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2011/engine/match/521339.html ESPNcricinfo]
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Semifinal
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 5 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=10|3=8|format=md}}|| [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] || [[Chennai]] || {{nts|1=4}}Won by 10 runs; MoM [[Lasith Malinga]] 4/20 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521346.html ESPNcricinfo]
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Final
|- style="background:#dfd;"
|| 6 ||{{dts|1=2010|2=10|3=9|format=md}}|| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Chennai]] || {{nts|1=4}}Won by 31 runs; MoM – [[Harbhajan Singh]] 3/20 and 2 catches || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521348.html ESPNcricinfo]
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 4–1. Champions
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai Indians}}

[[Category:2011 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians seasons]]

Racial groups of India

2023-09-03T09:24:27Z

Aspireitacademy: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Historical definitions of races in India]]

Ardhangini (film)

2023-06-06T20:07:51Z

Aspireitacademy: formatting fix

#REDIRECT [[Ardhangini]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}

Valparai (state assembly constituency)

2022-04-16T08:30:51Z

Aspireitacademy: added citations per standard format and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Valparai Assembly constituency]]

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Mulki, Karnataka

2011-08-24T21:53:15Z

Aspireitacademy: New!

#REDIRECT [[Mulki, India]]