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RT (TV network)

2026-06-01T01:49:10Z

Aryakin2021: Started A Entry Initial Version.

{{Short description|Russian state-controlled international television network}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Russia Today|Rossiya Segodnya|Russian Federation Today}}
{{redirect-distinguish|ANO TV-Novosti|RIA Novosti}}
{{redirect-distinguish|RTTV|RTVI|RTV (disambiguation){{!}}RTV}}
{{pp-move}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = RT
| logo = Russia-today-logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[State media]],<ref name="state media" /> [[news channel]], [[propaganda]]<ref name="propaganda" />
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2005|12|10}} (registered on 6 April 2005)<ref name="ReferenceA">[[:File:ANO TV-Novosti (Federal Tax Service of Russia, Unified State Register of Legal Entities).pdf]]</ref>
| owner = ANO "TV-Novosti"<ref name="RT Contact info">{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/contact-info/|title=Contact info|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=20 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120035000/https://www.rt.com/about-us/contact-info/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]]) (downscaled to [[16:9]] [[480i]]/[[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| country = Russia
| language = News channel: English, French, German, Arabic & Spanish 
Documentary [[Television channel|channel]]: English, Russian Online platforms: Portuguese (Brazil) & Serbian.
| area = Worldwide
| headquarters = Borovaya Street, Building 3/1, [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
| former_names = Russia Today (2005–2009)
| sister_channels = {{plainlist|
* [[RT America]] (2010–2022)
* [[RT France]] (2017–2023)
* [[RT UK]] (2014–2022)
* [[RT DE]] (2014–2022)
* RT India
* [[RT en Español]]
* [[RT Arabic]]
* [[RT Documentary]]
* [[Ruptly]]<ref name="Ruptly" /> (including Redfish and [[Maffick]])<ref name="Times Redfish" /><ref name="CNN Maffick"/>
}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2005|4|6}}
| webcast = *{{URL|rt.com/on-air/}}
*{{URL|swentr.site/on-air/}}
*{{URL|rt.rs/livetv/}}
| website = {{official website}}
}}
'''RT''', formerly '''Russia Today''' ({{langx|ru|Россия Сегодня|Rossiya Segodnya}}),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pisnia |first=Natalka |date=2017-11-15 |title=Why has RT registered as a foreign agent with the US? |language=en |work=[[BBC News]] |location=Washington |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41991683 |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302002010/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41991683 |url-status=live }}</ref> is a Russian [[State media|state-controlled]]{{refn|name=state media|<ref name="Journalism Studies">{{cite journal |last1=Haigh |first1=Maria |last2=Haigh |first2=Thomas |last3=Kozak |first3=Nadine I. |title=Stopping Fake News |journal=[[Journalism Studies]] |date=26 October 2018 |volume=19 |issue=14 |pages=2062–2087 |doi=10.1080/1461670X.2017.1316681 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316465929 |access-date=1 March 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |s2cid=152142122 |issn=1461-670X |via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref>{{rp|p=2070|q=The state-owned Russia Today channel, carried widely in Western countries (Cohen 2014) as a result of subsidies provided by Moscow to cable and satellite operators (Zavadski 2015), mimics the form but not the journalistic practices of conventional news channels such as CNN.}}<ref name="International Affairs 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Golovchenko |first1=Yevgeniy |last2=Hartmann |first2=Mareike |last3=Adler-Nissen |first3=Rebecca |author-link3=Rebecca Adler-Nissen |title=State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation |journal=[[International Affairs (journal)|International Affairs]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1 September 2018 |volume=94 |issue=5 |pages=975–994 |doi=10.1093/ia/iiy148 |doi-access=free |url=https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/202808484/iiy148.pdf |access-date=20 March 2021 |issn=0020-5850 |quote=Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News. |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616063625/https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/202808484/iiy148.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="European Security 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hellman |first1=Maria |last2=Wagnsson |first2=Charlotte |title=How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework |journal=[[European Security]] |date=3 April 2017 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=153–170 |doi=10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124457/https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/773054/mod_resource/content/0/hellman2017.pdf |archive-date=23 Apr 2021 |url=https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/773054/mod_resource/content/0/hellman2017.pdf |access-date=23 Sep 2022 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |s2cid=157635419 |via=[[Charles University]]}}</ref>{{rp|4|q=Use of state-controlled media such as RT (previously known as Russia Today) to spread the Russian narrative or contest the opponent's narrative is an important part of Russian information warfare.}}<ref name="Digital War 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Al-Rawi |first1=Ahmed |title=How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge? |journal=Digital War |date=12 February 2021 |volume=2 |issue=1–3 |pages=21–34 |doi=10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4 |doi-access= |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |s2cid=258704949 |language=en |issn=2662-1983}}</ref>{{rp|2|q=One of the major tools highlighted by the author is Russia Today, the state-controlled international television network that is often cited by Russian trolls in their dissemination of Pro-Kremlin messages.}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Denton |first1=Allison |title=Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign |journal=[[Boston University International Law Journal]] |date=16 April 2019 |volume=37 |page=209 |url=https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2020/04/Denton.pdf |publisher=[[Boston University School of Law]] |quote=Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby." |access-date=26 February 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226015903/https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2020/04/Denton.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HKS 2020" />{{rp|at=Implications|q=However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. [...] State-media outlets often have no overt connection to their host state on their social media channels or their website. For instance, "In The Now" appears like any other short video news service and racks up millions of views but is a subsidiary of RT (O'Sullivan et al., 2019).}}}} international news television network funded by the [[Russian government]].<ref name="MaxFisher">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/13/in-case-you-werent-clear-on-russia-todays-relationship-to-moscow-putin-clears-it-up/|title=In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up|last=Fisher|first=Max|date=13 June 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=31 July 2016|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/13/in-case-you-werent-clear-on-russia-todays-relationship-to-moscow-putin-clears-it-up/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nimmo">{{cite news |last=Nimmo |first=Ben |date=8 January 2018 |title=Question That: RT's Military Mission |work=Atlantic Council-Digital Forensic Research Lab |publisher=[[medium.com]] |url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88 |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920222956/https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88 |url-status=live }}</ref> It operates [[pay television]] and [[free-to-air]] [[television channel|channel]]s directed to audiences outside of Russia, as well as providing Internet content in Russian, English, Spanish, French, German, Arabic, Portuguese and Serbian.

RT is a brand of TV-Novosti, a [[nonprofit]] registered [[Nonprofit organization laws by jurisdiction#Russia|as an "autonomous non-commercial organization" (ANO)]] and founded by the Russian state news agency [[Federal State Unitary Enterprise|FSUE]] [[RIA Novosti]] in April 2005.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Журнал Стандарт / №09(80) сентябрь 2009Вести с эфирного фронта {{!}} ComNews |url=https://www.comnews.ru/standart/article/52517 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=www.comnews.ru |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016123219/https://www.comnews.ru/standart/article/52517 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government, headed by Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]], included ANO "TV-Novosti" on its [[List of strategic organizations of Russia|list of core organizations of strategic importance to Russia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/messages/2883/|title=Archive of the official site of the 2008–2012 Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin|publisher=[[Government of the Russian Federation|Government of Russia]]|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222034/http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/messages/2883/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|format=DOC|url=http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/mainnews/33281de212bf49fdbf39d611cadbae95.doc|script-title=ru:Перечень системообразующих организаций, утвержденный Правительственной комиссией по повышению устойчивости развития российской экономики|language=ru|trans-title=List of systemically important institutions approved by the Government Commission on Sustainable Development of the Russian Economy|publisher=government.ru|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227071316/http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/mainnews/33281de212bf49fdbf39d611cadbae95.doc|archive-date=27 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/economics/25/12/2008/271243.shtml|script-title=ru:Правительство РФ приняло перечень системообразующих организаций|language=ru|trans-title=The Russian government has adopted a list of backbone organizations|work=[[RBK Group]]|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220071141/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/25/12/2008/271243.shtml|archive-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> RT operates as a multilingual service with channels in five languages: the original English-language channel was launched in 2005, the [[Rusiya Al-Yaum|Arabic-language channel]] in 2007, [[RT Spanish|Spanish]] in 2009, [[RT DE|German]] in 2014 and [[RT en français|French]] in 2017. [[RT America]] (2010–2022),<ref name="vonTwickel" /><ref name="Darcy-2022">{{Cite news |last=Darcy |first=Oliver |date=4 March 2022 |title=RT America ceases productions and lays off most of its staff |work=CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/03/media/rt-america-layoffs/index.html |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181801/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/03/media/rt-america-layoffs/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[RT UK]] (2014–2022) and other regional channels also produce local content. RT is the parent company of the [[Ruptly]] video agency,{{refn|name=Ruptly|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sloss |first1=David L. |title=Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare |date=12 April 2022 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3115-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2MlcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76 |url-access=limited |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |language=en |quote=Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK. |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153431/https://books.google.com/books?id=2MlcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chobanyan |first1=Karina |editor1-last=Vartanova |editor1-first=Elena |editor2-last=Gladkova |editor2-first=Anna |journal=World of Media |title=Up for a challenge? Digital practices of 24-hour news channels |date=2020 |issue=3 |page=50 |url=http://worldofmedia.ru/volumes/2020/2020_Issue_3/World%20of%20Media_3-2020%20(1).pdf |access-date=3 March 2022 |publisher=[[Moscow State University]] |issn=2686-8016 |quote=RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events. |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303185740/http://worldofmedia.ru/volumes/2020/2020_Issue_3/World%20of%20Media_3-2020%20(1).pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Howard |title=Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems |url=https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/tech-tock |date=May 2018 |website=[[Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs]] |publisher=[[Harvard Kennedy School]] |location=[[Harvard University]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |language=en |pages=17–18 |quote=Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT." |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303184258/https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/tech-tock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Spiegel RT2">{{cite web|date=30 May 2014|title=Russia Uses State Television to Sway Opinion at Home and Abroad|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/russia-uses-state-television-to-sway-opinion-at-home-and-abroad-a-971971.html|access-date=22 March 2021|website=[[Der Spiegel]]|quote=Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202063746/https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/russia-uses-state-television-to-sway-opinion-at-home-and-abroad-a-971971.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Interfax RT2">{{cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=В Минске задержаны двое стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly|trans-title=Two stringers of video agency Ruptly detained in Minsk|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/720981|access-date=22 March 2021|website=[[Interfax]]|language=ru|quote=Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT.|trans-quote=Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422220701/https://www.interfax.ru/world/720981|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zara|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Zara|date=11 April 2019|title=What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90333590/what-is-ruptly-julian-assange-arrest-video-footage-raises-eyebrows-about-rt-owned-outlet|access-date=23 July 2021|website=[[Fast Company]]|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723132552/https://www.fastcompany.com/90333590/what-is-ruptly-julian-assange-arrest-video-footage-raises-eyebrows-about-rt-owned-outlet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pg1104192">{{Cite web|date=11 April 2019|title=RT's video agency Ruptly beats UK media to Julian Assange footage|url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/rt-subsidiary-ruptly-beats-uk-media-to-exclusive-julian-assange-footage/|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Press Gazette|language=en-US|quote=The footage captured by Ruptly showed Assange for the first time in about a year, now sporting a long white beard. He could be heard shouting "the UK has no sovereignty" and "the UK must resist this attempt by the Trump administration..." as he was dragged out by five police officers and put into a van.|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929052950/https://pressgazette.co.uk/rt-subsidiary-ruptly-beats-uk-media-to-exclusive-julian-assange-footage/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Aro |first1=Jessikka |author-link=Jessikka Aro |title=Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11820154 |website=[[Yle]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |language=en |date=6 March 2021 |quote=The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch. |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302190732/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11820154 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |author1-link=Shane Harris |author2-link=Ellen Nakashima |title=With a mix of covert disinformation and blatant propaganda, foreign adversaries bear down on final phase of presidential campaign |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/with-a-mix-of-covert-disinformation-and-blatant-propaganda-foreign-adversaries-bear-down-on-final-phase-of-presidential-campaign/2020/08/20/57997b7a-dbf1-11ea-8051-d5f887d73381_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |date=21 August 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123117/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/with-a-mix-of-covert-disinformation-and-blatant-propaganda-foreign-adversaries-bear-down-on-final-phase-of-presidential-campaign/2020/08/20/57997b7a-dbf1-11ea-8051-d5f887d73381_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Emily |title=Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages/ |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |language=en |date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230345/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages |url-status=live }}</ref>}} which owns the Redfish video channel and the [[Maffick]] digital media company.<ref name="Times Redfish">{{cite news | last=Moore | first=Matthew | title=Company behind Grenfell YouTube film has links to Kremlin | website=[[The Times]] | date=10 February 2018 | url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/company-behind-grenfell-youtube-film-has-links-to-kremlin-k9bqlk6mf | access-date=25 January 2021 | archive-date=30 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130045508/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/company-behind-grenfell-youtube-film-has-links-to-kremlin-k9bqlk6mf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNN Maffick">{{cite news|last1=O'Sullivan|first1=Donie|last2=Griffin|first2=Drew|last3=Devine|first3=Curt|last4=Shubert|first4=Atika|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/15/tech/russia-facebook-viral-videos/index.html|title=Russia is backing a viral video company aimed at American millennials|work=CNN|date=February 18, 2019|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806064505/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/15/tech/russia-facebook-viral-videos/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

RT has regularly been described as a major [[Propaganda in the Russian Federation|propaganda]] outlet for the Russian government and [[Foreign relations of Russia|its foreign policy]].{{refn|name=propaganda|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Langdon |first1=Kate C. |last2=Tismaneanu |first2=Vladimir |title=Putin's Totalitarian Democracy: Ideology, Myth, and Violence in the Twenty-First Century |publisher=[[Springer International]] |isbn=978-3-030-20579-9 |pages=189–224 |date=9 July 2019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FG-hDwAAQBAJ |url-access=limited |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |language=en |chapter=Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What? |quote=Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text. |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153320/https://books.google.com/books?id=FG-hDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reire |first1=Gunda |title=Euro-Atlantic values and Russia's propaganda in the Euro-Atlantic space |journal=[[:pl:Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej W Lublinie|Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej]] |date=2015 |volume=13 |issue=4 |url=http://www.spcentrs.lv/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Reire-2015-Yearbook-IESW.pdf |access-date=21 March 2021 |via=Center for International Studies |quote=Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda. |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213449/http://www.spcentrs.lv/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Reire-2015-Yearbook-IESW.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Network Propaganda">{{Cite book|last1=Benkler|first1=Yochai|author-link1=Yochai Benkler|last2=Faris|first2=Rob|last3=Roberts|first3=Hal|chapter=Epistemic Crisis|title=Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=October 2018|isbn=978-0-19-092362-4|doi=10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001|doi-access=free|page=358|oclc=1045162158|quote=The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Karlsen |first1=Geir Hågen |title=Ukraine and Beyond |editor1-last=Matláry |editor1-first=Janne Haaland |editor2-last=Heier |editor2-first=Tormod |editor1-link=Janne Haaland Matláry |date=5 August 2016 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-319-32530-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9 |page=199 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9 |chapter-url-access=subscription |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BNHMDAAAQBAJ |url-access=limited |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=en |chapter=Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda |via=[[Google Books]] |quote=The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as ''Russia Today''. It is complemented by ''Sputnik'' radio and website, news and video agencies, and the ''Russia Beyond the Headlines'' news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages. |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114835/https://books.google.com/books?id=BNHMDAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ižak |first1=Štefan |title=(Ab)using the topic of migration by pro-Kremlin propaganda: Case study of Slovakia |journal=Journal of Comparative Politics |date=January 2019 |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=58 |url=http://www.jofcp.org/assets/jcp/JCP-January-2019.pdf |access-date=28 February 2022 |publisher=[[University of Economics in Bratislava]] / [[University of Ljubljana]] / [[Alma Mater Europaea]] |language=en |issn=1338-1385 |quote=Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014). |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301184238/http://www.jofcp.org/assets/jcp/JCP-January-2019.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Russia's Public Foreign Policy Narratives |journal=Russian Analytical Digest |last1=Oates |first1=Sarah |date=2018-12-17 |url=https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RAD229.pdf |volume= 229|issue=229 |via=[[ETH Zurich]] |last2=Steiner |first2=Sean |last3=Burrett |first3=Tina |last4=Tatiana |first4=Dubrovskaya |url-status=live |department= |series= |language=English |doi=10.3929/ethz-b-000311091 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715063557/https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RAD229.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-15 |access-date=2025-12-10 |publisher=[[Research Centre for East European Studies]] |location=[[University of Bremen]] |quote=The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information aggression.}}</ref>{{r|Orttung|p=2|q=Russian propaganda, specifically RT, is carefully targeted to different audiences and has nuanced messaging designed to undermine the West on the basis of its own criteria, build credibility by covering less-heard voices in regional news, and using human interest program (click-bait) to draw in viewers.}}<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Media|last1=Ajir|first2=Bethany|last2=Vailliant|title=Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory|jstor=26481910|journal=[[Strategic Studies Quarterly]]|date=Fall 2018|issn=1936-1815|pages=70–89|volume=12|issue=3|jstor-access=free|quote=The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bicknell|first=Bob|date=11 December 2005|title=Russian News, English Accent|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/|access-date=11 March 2021|website=[[CBS News]]|language=en-US|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530041616/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ioffe"/><ref name="SpiegelBidder"/><ref name="Guardian_Harding_RT"/><ref name="Kramer">{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E|title=Russian Cable Station Plays to U.S.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/23/business/media/23russiatoday.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 August 2010|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301062934/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/23/business/media/23russiatoday.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ukraineback">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26546083|title=Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught|publisher=BBC|year=2014|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529201642/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26546083|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MacFarquhar">{{cite news|url=http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html|title=A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=28 August 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 August 2016|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618150336/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Oremus-2017">{{Cite web|last=Oremus|first=Will|date=2017-03-16|title=Irony Dies Again as Russia Today Launches Fake-News Debunker|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/03/russia-today-launches-fake-news-debunker-fakecheck.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|language=en|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217231721/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/03/russia-today-launches-fake-news-debunker-fakecheck.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of [[disinformation]]{{refn|name=disinformation|{{r|Journalism Studies|p=2077|q=Many of these fake news stories specifically involved misleadingly edited or contextualized quotes, which were highlighted in 26 percent of the StopFake reports. For example, Russia Today broadcast what it claimed was an interview with the Chief Rabbi of a Kiev synagogue, calling on his followers to emigrate because of rising anti-Semitic violence. StopFake found that the interviewee was the Chief Rabbi of Simferopol, Crimea, describing conditions under Russian occupation. This was also an example of the specific practice of wrongly identifying individuals featured in news stories, which were documented to identify news stories as fake in 15 percent of StopFake reports.}}<ref name="International Affairs 2021" />{{r|European Security 2017|p=4|q=Applebaum and Lucas (2015) see troll factories as one of two corner stones of Russian disinformation, the other being RT.}}{{r|Digital War 2021|p=11|q=The primary theme on which the Russian and Iranian trolls converge is the war in Syria, owing to Russia and Iran's military involvement and strategic interests in the Middle East. In this regard, both sets of trolls heavily relied on RT news (Russia Today) in sourcing disinformation.}}<ref name="HKS 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Nassetta |first1=Jack |last2=Gross |first2=Kimberly |title=State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign misinformation |url=https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/state-media-warning-labels-can-counteract-the-effects-of-foreign-misinformation/ |journal=Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review |publisher=[[Harvard Kennedy School]] |location=[[Harvard University]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |doi=10.37016/mr-2020-45 |doi-access=free |date=30 October 2020 |quote=However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017). |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301041724/https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/state-media-warning-labels-can-counteract-the-effects-of-foreign-misinformation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MacFarquhar"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Golovchenko |first1=Yevgeniy |title=Measuring the scope of pro-Kremlin disinformation on Twitter |journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications |date=11 December 2020 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |article-number=176 |doi=10.1057/s41599-020-00659-9 |doi-access=free |language=en |issn=2662-9992 |quote=The impact of Russian state-controlled news outlets—which are frequent sources of pro-Kremlin disinformation—is concentrated in one, highly popular news outlet, RT. [...] When it comes to overt reach, the Russian government openly funds English-speaking outlets, such as Sputnik News and RT. These outlets serve as a frequent source of pro-Kremlin disinformation both according to scholars, fact-checkers and Western authorities (BBC, 2019; Elliot, 2019; Thornton, 2015).}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Christopher |title=The Hijacking of "Soft Power" |journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] |date=2016 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=49–63 |doi=10.1353/jod.2016.0007 |url=https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/January-2016-JOD-Hijacking-of-Soft-Power-Christopher-Walker.pdf |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |s2cid=31802016 |via=[[National Endowment for Democracy]] |quote=State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences. |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153329/https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/January-2016-JOD-Hijacking-of-Soft-Power-Christopher-Walker.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fletcher |first1=Richard |last2=Cornia |first2=Alessio |last3=Graves |first3=Lucas |author-link3=Lucas Graves |last4=Nielsen |first4=Rasmus Kleis |author-link4=Rasmus Kleis Nielsen |title=Measuring the reach of "fake news" and online disinformation in Europe |journal=Australasian Policing |date=1 January 2018 |volume=10 |issue=2 |url=https://www.mediterraneocronaca.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Measuring-the-reach-of-fake-news-and-online-distribution-in-Europe-CORRECT-FLAG.pdf |access-date=25 February 2022 |via=Mediterraneo Cronaca |quote=For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation. |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225233853/https://www.mediterraneocronaca.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Measuring-the-reach-of-fake-news-and-online-distribution-in-Europe-CORRECT-FLAG.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borges |first1=Priscila Monteiro |last2=Gambarato |first2=Renira Rampazzo |title=The Role of Beliefs and Behavior on Facebook: A Semiotic Approach to Algorithms, Fake News, and Transmedia Journalism |journal=[[International Journal of Communication]] |publisher=[[USC Annenberg Press]] |date=29 January 2019 |volume=13 |pages=603–618 |url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10304 |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en |issn=1932-8036 |quote=Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018). |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312003224/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10304 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LoGiurato|first=Brett|date=30 April 2014|title=Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/state-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4|access-date=11 March 2021|website=[[Business Insider]]|archive-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704084800/https://www.businessinsider.com/state-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Crowley|first=Michael|date=1 May 2014|title=Tit-for-Tat: Putin's Maddening Propaganda Trick|url=https://time.com/84843/vladimir-putin-russia-propaganda/|access-date=11 March 2021|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119044428/http://time.com/84843/vladimir-putin-russia-propaganda/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sarafirth" /><ref name="Reliable Sources" />}} and [[conspiracy theories]].{{refn|name=conspiracy theories|<ref name=economist-wobbly /><ref name="Oremus-2017" /><ref name="Yablokov 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Yablokov |first1=Ilya |title=Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of ''Russia Today'' (''RT'') |journal=[[Politics (academic journal)|Politics]] |date=November 2015 |volume=35 |issue=3–4 |pages=301–315 |doi=10.1111/1467-9256.12097 |url=https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_10134/objava_20166/fajlovi/Russia%20Today.pdf |via=[[University of Montenegro]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]] |hdl=10831/49740 |s2cid=142728966 |quote=Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in ''RT''{{'}}s broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies. |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412041633/https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_10134/objava_20166/fajlovi/Russia%20Today.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elswah |first1=Mona |last2=Howard |first2=Philip N |author-link2=Philip N. Howard |title="Anything that Causes Chaos": The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT) |journal=[[Journal of Communication]] |date=1 October 2020 |volume=70 |issue=5 |pages=623–645 |doi=10.1093/joc/jqaa027 |doi-access=free |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:140663c1-7856-4f9b-9e19-cde93be7e340/files/rf7623c77x |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |quote=Across our interviews, our respondents agreed that the goals of the channel since 2008 have been and still are as follows. First, to push the idea that Western countries have as many problems as Russia. Second, to encourage conspiracy theories about media institutions in the West in order to discredit and delegitimize them. This is clearly adherent to the channel's "Questions More" slogan. Third, to create controversy and to make people criticize the channel, because it suggests that the channel is important, an approach that would particularly help RT managers get more funding from the government. |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316012616/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:140663c1-7856-4f9b-9e19-cde93be7e340/files/rf7623c77x |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Byford 2011">{{cite book |last1=Byford |first1=Jovan |author-link=Jovan Byford |chapter=Introduction |title=Conspiracy Theories: A Critical Introduction |date=2011 |pages=9–10 |doi=10.1057/9780230349216 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230349216_1 |chapter-url-access=subscription |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0ilsF4VcTQC |url-access=limited |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]] |isbn=978-1-349-32350-0 |via=[[Google Books]] |language=en |quote=The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition. |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009063147/https://books.google.com/books?id=e0ilsF4VcTQC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Dukalskis-dictatorship>{{Cite book|last=Dukalskis|first=Alexander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxs4zgEACAAJ|title=Making the World Safe for Dictatorship|date=2021|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-752014-7|language=en|access-date=13 May 2021|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kxs4zgEACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gray|first=Rosie|date=13 March 2014|title=How The Truth Is Made At Russia Today|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/rosiegray/how-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today|access-date=11 March 2021|website=[[BuzzFeed News]]|language=en|archive-date=22 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222125441/https://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today|url-status=live}}</ref>}} UK media regulator [[Ofcom]] has repeatedly found RT to have breached its rules on impartiality, including multiple instances in which RT broadcast "materially misleading" content.{{refn|<ref>{{cite news |author=William Turvill |title=Ofcom rules against Russia Today over Syria conflict report |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/ofcom-rules-against-russia-today-over-syria-conflict-report |date=15 November 2012 |work=Press Gazette |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=30 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530042434/https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/ofcom-rules-against-russia-today-over-syria-conflict-report |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BBC-21Sept/><ref name=GuardianOfcom/><ref>
{{cite news|url=https://tol.org/client/article/26401-british-bank-closes-russian-broadcaster-rt-accounts.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020080937/http://www.tol.org/client/article/26401-rt-simonyan-natwest-galloway-zakharova.html|archive-date=20 October 2016|url-status=live|title=British Bank Closes Russian Broadcaster RT Accounts|date=18 October 2016|author=Alevtina Kuzmenkova|publisher=[[Transitions Online]]|quote=OFCOM, the British broadcast regulator, has repeatedly singled out RT for its lack of impartiality}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Waterson |first1=Jim |title=Alex Salmond's RT show breached Ofcom broadcasting rules |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jul/16/alex-salmond-rt-show-breached-ofcom-broadcasting-rules |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |language=en |date=16 July 2018 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116114646/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jul/16/alex-salmond-rt-show-breached-ofcom-broadcasting-rules |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pomerantsev 2015">{{Cite web|last=Pomerantsev|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Pomerantsev|date=4 January 2015|title=Inside Putin's Information War|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/putin-russia-tv-113960_Page3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105223740/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/putin-russia-tv-113960_Page3.html#.VKsSaZ37RPY|archive-date=5 January 2015|access-date=11 March 2021|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>}}

In 2012, RT's [[editor-in-chief]] [[Margarita Simonyan]] compared the channel to the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defence]].<ref name="eu150118">{{Cite news|date=2018-01-15|title=Chief Editor: RT is Like "a Defence Ministry"|url=https://euvsdisinfo.eu/chief-editor-rt-is-like-a-defence-ministry/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=[[East StratCom Task Force]]|language=en|author1=Default|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153322/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/chief-editor-rt-is-like-a-defence-ministry/|url-status=live}}</ref> Referring to the [[Russo-Georgian War]], she stated that it was "waging an [[information war]], and with the entire Western world".<ref name="Nimmo" /><ref name="kommersant070412">{{cite news |date=7 April 2012|title="Нет никакой объективности"|trans-title=There is no objectivity|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1911336|access-date=21 March 2021|newspaper=[[Kommersant]]|language=ru|quote={{lang|ru|Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы.}}|trans-quote=Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.}}</ref> In September 2017, RT America was ordered to register as a [[foreign agent]] with the [[United States Department of Justice]] under the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/14/564045159/rt-america-firm-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-russia-looks-to-retaliate|title=TV Company Linked To Russia's RT America Registers As Foreign Agent In U.S.|last=Chappell|first=Bill|date=14 November 2017|publisher=NPR|access-date=3 March 2018|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621005530/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/14/564045159/rt-america-firm-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-russia-looks-to-retaliate|url-status=live}}</ref>

RT was banned in Ukraine in 2014 after [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russia's annexation of Crimea]];<ref name="Ukraine ban" /> Latvia and Lithuania implemented similar bans in 2020.<ref name="Latvia ban" /><ref name="Lithuania ban" /> Germany banned [[RT DE]] in February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia's RT channel blocked by German regulators |url=https://www.dw.com/en/russias-rt-channel-blocked-by-german-regulators/a-60635397 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=23 February 2022 |date=2 February 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193206/https://www.dw.com/en/russias-rt-channel-blocked-by-german-regulators/a-60635397 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[European Union]] and Canada formally banned RT and independent service providers in over 10 countries suspended broadcasts of RT.<ref name=CRTC>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/crtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929 |title=CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |date=March 16, 2022 |website=CBC News |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701061527/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/crtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Chmielewski 2022">{{cite web |last1=Chmielewski |first1=Dawn |title=Roku is removing RT from the Roku Channel Store in Europe – source |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/roku-is-removing-rt-roku-channel-store-europe-source-2022-03-01/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |language=en |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302001035/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/roku-is-removing-rt-roku-channel-store-europe-source-2022-03-01/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=Russian-backed RT channel to lose Sky TV slot in UK within 24 hours |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/01/russian-backed-rt-channel-to-lose-sky-tv-slot-in-uk-within-24-hours |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917215046/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/01/russian-backed-rt-channel-to-lose-sky-tv-slot-in-uk-within-24-hours |url-status=live }}</ref> Social media websites followed by blocking external links to RT's website and restricting access to RT's content.<ref name="Reuters20220301" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dwoskin |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Zakrzewski |first2=Cat |last3=De Vynck |first3=Gerrit |title=Major social media platforms ban Russian state media in Europe |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/01/youtube-tiktok-facebook-state-media-ban/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301092843/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/01/youtube-tiktok-facebook-state-media-ban/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Microsoft]] removed RT from [[Microsoft Store|their app store]] and de-ranked their search results on [[Microsoft Bing|Bing]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Jared |date=2022-03-01 |title=Here's which tech companies have—and haven't—banned Russia's state-sponsored RT media app |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90726527/tech-companies-banned-rt-news-app-russia-microsoft-google |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301215636/https://www.fastcompany.com/90726527/tech-companies-banned-rt-news-app-russia-microsoft-google |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Reuters |date=2022-02-28 |title=Microsoft to remove RT apps, ban Russian state-owned media ads |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/microsoft-remove-rt-apps-ban-russian-state-owned-media-ads-2022-02-28/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301215636/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/microsoft-remove-rt-apps-ban-russian-state-owned-media-ads-2022-02-28/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] removed the RT app from all countries except for Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerson |first=Sarah |title=Apple Halted Product Sales In Russia And Disabled Apple Maps Features In Ukraine |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sarahemerson/apple-responds-ukraine-russia-rt-sputnik-maps |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301220420/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sarahemerson/apple-responds-ukraine-russia-rt-sputnik-maps |url-status=live }}</ref> However, RT content continues to be [[Information laundering|laundered]] through third-party sites.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bond |first=Shannon |date=June 6, 2024 |title=This is what Russian propaganda looks like in 2024 |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/06/g-s1-2965/russia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine |access-date=June 15, 2024 |work=[[NPR]] |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615142511/https://www.npr.org/2024/06/06/g-s1-2965/russia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==

===Foundation===
[[File:Russia-Today-Logo.svg|thumb|150px|RT's first logo from 2005 to 2009]]
RT's formation was part of a [[public relations]] effort by the [[Russian Government]] in 2005 to improve Russia's image abroad.<ref name="ForeignPolicy" /> RT was conceived by former media minister [[Mikhail Lesin]]<ref name="Osborn">Andrew Osborn, [http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/russias-cnn-wants-to-tell-it-like-it-is/2005/08/15/1123958007022.html Russia's 'CNN' wants to tell it like it is] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141407/https://www.theage.com.au/news/world/russias-cnn-wants-to-tell-it-like-it-is/2005/08/15/1123958007022.html |date=12 June 2018 }}, ''[[The Age]]'', 16 August 2005. {{Limited access}}</ref> and [[Aleksei Gromov]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Parsons |first=Robert |date=9 December 2005 |title=Russia: New International Channel Ready To Begin Broadcasting |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1063693.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |access-date=18 April 2015 |archive-date=23 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623150345/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1063693.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of RT's founding, [[RIA Novosti]] director [[Svetlana Mironyuk]] stated: "Unfortunately, at the level of mass consciousness in the West, Russia is associated with three words: communism, snow and poverty", and added "we would like to present a more complete picture of life in our country".<ref name="Osborn" /> RT is funded by the [[Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media (Russia)|Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media]], part of the government of Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mettler|first=Katie|date=2017-06-08|title=Jesse Ventura's new Russian state TV show: 'I am working for the enemy of mainstream media now'|language=en|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/08/jesse-venturas-new-russian-state-tv-show-i-am-working-for-the-enemy-of-mainstream-media-now/|access-date=2022-02-04|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322094611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/08/jesse-venturas-new-russian-state-tv-show-i-am-working-for-the-enemy-of-mainstream-media-now/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ruddick|first=Graham|date=2017-11-17|title='Be ashamed, Alex': Salmond courts controversy with RT|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/17/be-ashamed-alex-salmond-courts-controversy-rt-russia-today|access-date=2022-02-04|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153328/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/17/be-ashamed-alex-salmond-courts-controversy-rt-russia-today|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, RIA Novosti founded '''ANO TV-Novosti''' (or "Autonomous Non-profit Organization TV-News") to serve as the parent organization for RT. ANO TV-Novosti was registered on 6 April 2005,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and Sergey Frolov ({{Langx|ru|Сергей Фролов|label=none}}) was appointed its [[Chief executive officer|CEO]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Фролов Сергей |trans-title=Frolov Sergey |url=http://interatr.org/ru/persons/frolov-sergej/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=interatr.org |language=ru |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231659/http://interatr.org/ru/persons/frolov-sergej/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Medvedev - Russia Today 3.jpg|left|thumb|Former [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Dmitry Medvedev]] visits RT offices with Editor-in-Chief [[Margarita Simonyan]]]]
The channel was launched as Russia Today on 10 December 2005. At its launch, the channel employed 300 journalists, including approximately 70 from outside Russia.<ref name="ForeignPolicy">Julian Evans, [https://foreignpolicy.com/2005/12/01/spinning-russia/ Spinning Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193206/https://foreignpolicy.com/2005/12/01/spinning-russia/ |date=10 May 2022 }}, [[Foreign Policy]], 1 December 2005.{{Limited access}}</ref> Russia Today appointed [[Margarita Simonyan]] as its editor-in-chief; she recruited foreign journalists as presenters and consultants.<ref name="Osborn" />

Simonyan, aged 25 years old when she was appointed, was a former [[Kremlin pool]] reporter who had worked in journalism since she was 18. She told ''[[The New York Times]]'' that after the [[fall of the Soviet Union]], many new young journalists were hired, resulting in a much younger pool of staffers than other news organizations.<ref name="Heyman">Stephen Heyman, [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/arts/television/18heym.html?_r=0 A Voice of Mother Russia, in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301061921/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/arts/television/18heym.html?_r=0 |date=1 March 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 18 May 2008.</ref> Journalist [[Danny Schechter]] (who has appeared as a guest on RT)<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ir0Fg4JWOw Danny Schechter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214648/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ir0Fg4JWOw |date=15 April 2023 }} interview on RT website. (via YouTube)</ref> stated that, having been part of the launch staff at [[CNN]], he saw RT as another "channel of young people who are inexperienced, but very enthusiastic about what they are doing".<ref name="Walker">Shaun Walker, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-today-tomorrow--the-world-2083869.html Russia Today, Tomorrow the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925191557/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-today-tomorrow--the-world-2083869.html |date=25 September 2015 }}, [[The Independent]], 20 September 2010.</ref> Shortly after the channel was launched, James Painter wrote that RT and similar news channels such as [[France 24]] and [[TeleSUR]] saw themselves as "counter-hegemonic", offering a differing vision and news content from that of [[Western media]] like CNN and the [[BBC]].<ref name="Painter">{{cite web|author=James Painter|url=http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/James_Painter.pdf |title=The boom in counter-hegemonic news channels: a case study of TeleSUR|year=2007|work=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] at [[Oxford University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708070119/http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/James_Painter.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref>

===Development and expansion===
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev took part in the launch of Russia Today Documentary.jpg|thumb|Dmitry Medvedev took part in the launch of RT Documentary]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin - Visit to Russia Today television channel 2.jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin during a visit to the new RT broadcasting centre]]
RT launched several new channels in ensuing years: the Arabic language channel [[Rusiya Al-Yaum]] in 2007, the Spanish language channel [[RT en Español|Actualidad RT]] in 2009, RT America – which focuses on the United States – in 2010, and the RT Documentary channel in 2011.<ref name="vonTwickel">{{Cite web|last=von Twickel|first=Nikolaus|date=23 March 2010|title=Russia Today courts viewers with controversy|url=https://www.rbth.com/articles/2010/03/23/230310_rt.html|access-date=12 December 2020|website=[[Russia Beyond]]|publisher=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421180512/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2010/03/23/230310_rt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2007, Russia Today became the first television channel to report live from the North Pole (with the report lasting five minutes and 41 seconds). An RT crew participated in the [[Arktika 2007]] Russian polar expedition, led by [[Artur Chilingarov]] on the ''[[Akademik Fyodorov]]'' [[icebreaker]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/russias-landmark-events-of-2007/|title=Russia's landmark events of 2007|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=28 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428063304/https://www.rt.com/news/russias-landmark-events-of-2007/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Zagorodnov">{{cite news|last=Zagorodnov|first=Artem|date=25 September 2008|title=Today's woman who needs to be heard|newspaper=[[Russia Beyond]]|publisher=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]|url=http://rbth.com/articles/2008/09/25/250908_rt.html|access-date=18 April 2015|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117194109/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2008/09/25/250908_rt.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 December 2007, RT's broadcasts of New Year's Eve celebrations in [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] were broadcast in the hours prior to the New Year's Eve event at [[New York City|New York City's]] [[Times Square]].<ref name="Zagorodnov"/>

Russia Today drew particular attention worldwide for its coverage of the [[2008 South Ossetia war]].<ref name="Zagorodnov"/><ref name="Rowland">{{cite news|last=Rowland|first=Kara|title=Russia Today: Youth served|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/27/russia-today-youth-served/?page=all|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=27 October 2008|access-date=5 November 2012|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604194711/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/27/russia-today-youth-served/?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Weigel">David Weigel, [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2011/06/pravda_will_set_you_free.single.html Pravda Will Set You Free; Russia's answer to Fox News and MSNBC.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312003255/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/06/the-rt-network-russia-s-answer-to-fox-news-and-msnbc.html |date=12 March 2024 }}, ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', 27 June 2011.</ref> RT named [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the aggressor<ref name="Weigel"/> against the [[separatism|separatist]] governments of [[South Ossetia]] and [[Abkhazia]], which were protected by Russian troops.<ref>Charles King, [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2009-10-11/clarity-caucasus Clarity in the Caucasus?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131944/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2009-10-11/clarity-caucasus |date=25 September 2015 }}, ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', 11 October 2009.</ref> RT saw this as the incident that showcased its newsgathering abilities to the world.<ref name="Ioffe">{{cite news|url=https://www.cjr.org/feature/what_is_russia_today.php|title=What Is Russia Today?|author=Julia Ioffe|date=September–October 2010|work=Columbia Journalism Review|author-link=Julia Ioffe (journalist)|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125213220/http://www.cjr.org/feature/what_is_russia_today.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Margarita Simonyan stated: "we were the only ones among the English-language media who were giving the other side of the story – the South Ossetian side of the story".<ref name="Rowland"/>

In 2009, Russia Today was rebranded to "RT", which [[George Washington University]] academics Jack Nassetta and Kimberly Gross described as an "[attempt] to shed state affiliation".<ref name="HKS 2020" /> Simonyan said the company had not changed names but the company's corporate logo was changed to attract more viewers: "who is interested in watching news from Russia all day long?"<ref name="vonTwickel" />
Julia Ioffe also describes 2009, when the Barack Obama administration came to office "promising a different approach toward Russia", as a time when RT became "more international and less anti-American", and "built a state-of-the-art studio and newsroom" in the U.S. capital<ref name="Ioffe"/>

In early 2010, RT unveiled an advertising campaign to promote its new "Question More" slogan.<ref>{{cite web |title='Question More' |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Question_More/1927299.html |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |access-date=10 February 2023 |language=en |date=13 January 2010 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210041330/https://www.rferl.org/a/Question_More/1927299.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The campaign was created by Ketchum, GPlus, and London's Portland PR.<ref name="Guardian_Harding_RT">{{Cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |author-link=Luke Harding |date=18 December 2009 |title=Russia Today launches first UK ad blitz |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Moscow |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/18/russia-today-propaganda-ad-blitz |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714162042/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/18/russia-today-propaganda-ad-blitz |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the advertisements featured as part of the campaign showed U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] [[morphing]] into Iranian leader [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] and asked: "Who poses the greatest nuclear threat?" The ad was banned in American airports. Another showed a Western soldier "merging" with a [[Taliban]] fighter and asked: "Is terror only inflicted by terrorists?"<ref name=Burrell>Ian Burrell, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/from-russia-with-news-1869324.html From Russia with news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423063609/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/from-russia-with-news-1869324.html |date=23 April 2019 }}, ''[[The Independent]]'', 15 January 2010.</ref> One of RT's 2010 billboard advertisements won the British Awards for National Newspaper Advertising "Ad of the Month".<ref name="Advertising">[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rts-advertising-declared-ad-of-the-month-in-uk-86592702.html RT's Advertising Declared Ad of the Month in UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227105837/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rts-advertising-declared-ad-of-the-month-in-uk-86592702.html |date=27 February 2022 }}, RT (TV network), 5 March 2010.</ref>

In 2010, [[Walter Isaacson]], Chairman of the U.S. Government's [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], which runs [[Voice of America]], [[Radio Free Europe]] and [[Radio Free Asia]], called for more money to invest in the programs because "We can't allow ourselves to be out-communicated by our enemies", specifically mentioning Russia Today, [[Iran]]'s [[Press TV]] and China's [[China Central Television]] (CCTV) in the following sentence. He later explained that he actually was referring to "enemies" in [[Afghanistan]], not the countries he mentioned.<ref>Josh Rogin, [https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/05/new-bbg-chief-wants-more-money-to-combat-enemies-such-as-china-and-russia/ New BBG chief wants more money to combat "enemies" such as China and Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228194731/https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/05/new-bbg-chief-wants-more-money-to-combat-enemies-such-as-china-and-russia/ |date=28 February 2017 }}, ''[[Foreign Policy]]'', 5 October 2010.</ref> In 2011, [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] stated that the U.S. was "losing the information war" abroad to foreign channels like RT, [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] and China Central Television<ref>{{cite news|author=Kirit Radia|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/03/sec-of-state-hillary-clinton-al-jazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war|title=Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is 'Real News', U.S. Losing 'Information War'|publisher=Political Punch|date=2 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001140919/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/03/sec-of-state-hillary-clinton-al-jazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war|archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> and that they were supplanting the Voice of America.<ref>Andy McSmith, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130325012507/http://www.questia.com/read/1P2-28104340/village-people Village People], [[The Independent]], 5 March 2011</ref><ref>Ishaan Tharoor, [https://world.time.com/2011/03/03/clinton-applauds-al-jazeera-rolls-eyes-at-u-s-media/ Clinton Applauds Al Jazeera, Rolls Eyes at U.S. Media], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 3 March 2011.</ref>

===2012–2021===
In early 2012, shortly after his appointment as [[United States Ambassador to Russia|U.S. Ambassador to Russia]], [[Michael McFaul]] challenged Margarita Simonyan<ref name="HuffPoPutin">{{cite news|last=Hirst|first=Tomas|title=Putin's Perverse Fear of Soft Power|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tomas-hirst/putins-perverse-fear-of-s_b_1312766.html|newspaper=HuffPost|date=3 January 2012|access-date=8 November 2012|archive-date=22 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222183427/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tomas-hirst/putins-perverse-fear-of-s_b_1312766.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on Twitter about allegations from RT<ref name="Toohey">{{cite news|last=Toohey|first=Nathan|date=8 February 2012|title=RT and McFaul argue over Navalny's US education|newspaper=[[The Moscow News]]|url=http://themoscownews.com/russia/20120208/189437448.html|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228121243/http://themoscownews.com/russia/20120208/189437448.html?id=|archive-date=28 February 2014}}</ref> that he had sent Russian opposition figure [[Alexei Navalny]] to study at [[Yale University]].<ref name="HuffPoPutin" /><ref name="Toohey" /> According to RT, McFaul was referring to a comment in an article by political scientist [[Igor Panarin]], which RT had specified were the views of the author.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/politics/mcfaul-opposition-rallies-panarin-667/|title=McFaul and the Moscow opposition rallies|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321182301/https://www.rt.com/politics/mcfaul-opposition-rallies-panarin-667/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/09-02-2012/120456-michael_mcfaul_ambassador-0/ New US Ambassador to Russia starts with lies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106021641/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/09-02-2012/120456-michael_mcfaul_ambassador-0/ |date=6 November 2012 }}, [[Pravda]], 2 February 2012.</ref> McFaul then accepted an interview by Sophie Shevardnadze on RT on this and other issues and reasserted that the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]] wanted a [[Russian reset|"reset" in relations]] with Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/politics/us-seeks-reset-russia-635/|title=US ambassador says seeks reset, not revolution in Russia|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414164107/https://www.rt.com/politics/us-seeks-reset-russia-635/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwOWlJix8bs 'US not funding Putin's presidential campaign'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222175132/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwOWlJix8bs |date=22 February 2012 }}, RT interview with Ambassador Michael McFaul.</ref>

On 17 April 2012, RT debuted ''[[World Tomorrow]]'', a news interview programme hosted by [[WikiLeaks]] founder [[Julian Assange]]. The first guest on the program was [[Hezbollah]] leader [[Hassan Nasrallah]].<ref name="Stanley">Alessandra Stanley, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/arts/television/julian-assange-starts-talk-show-on-russian-tv.html The Prisoner as Talk Show Host; Julian Assange Starts Talk Show on Russian TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310214922/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/arts/television/julian-assange-starts-talk-show-on-russian-tv.html |date=10 March 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 17 April 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The World Tomorrow |url=http://worldtomorrow.wikileaks.org/ |publisher=WikiLeaks |date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415223431/http://worldtomorrow.wikileaks.org/ |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assange show premiere: Time to watch 'The World Tomorrow' |url=http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/ |publisher=RT|location=Russia |date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413165005/http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/ |archive-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012 }}</ref> The interview made global headlines as Nasrallah rarely gives interviews to Western media.<ref name="Taylor">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Jerome |title=Julian Assange launches talk show on Kremlin-backed broadcaster Russia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/julian-assange-launches-talk-show-on-kremlinbacked-broadcaster-russia-today-7654690.html |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=The Independent |date=17 April 2012 |language=en |quote=Heading off criticism for his choice of partner he added: "There's Julian Assange, enemy combatant, a traitor, getting in to bed with the Kremlin and interviewing terrible radicals from around the world. I think that's a pretty trivial kind of attack. If they actually look at how the show is made: we make it, we have complete editorial control, we believe that all media organisations have an angle, all media organisations have an issue. |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414143334/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/julian-assange-launches-talk-show-on-kremlinbacked-broadcaster-russia-today-7654690.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Commentators described this as a "coup".<ref>Raphael Satter, [https://news.yahoo.com/assange-interviews-hezbollah-leader-tv-premiere-115117514.html Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030246/http://news.yahoo.com/assange-interviews-hezbollah-leader-tv-premiere-115117514.html |date=5 March 2016 }}, [[Associated Press]] via ''[[Denver Post]]'', 17 April 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/world/assange-debuts-chat-show/story-fn6sb9br-1226330924558 Assange chats with terrorist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419163553/http://www.news.com.au/world/assange-debuts-chat-show/story-fn6sb9br-1226330924558 |date=19 April 2015 }}, [[Agence France-Presse]], 18 April 2012.</ref> WikiLeaks described the show as "a series of in-depth conversations with key political players, thinkers and revolutionaries from around the world".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wikileaks.org/New-Assange-TV-Series.html |title=New Assange TV Series |date=23 January 2012 |publisher=wikileaks.org |access-date=12 February 2012 |archive-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211041602/http://wikileaks.org/New-Assange-TV-Series.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stated that the show is "independently produced and Assange has control"; WikiLeaks offers a "Broadcasters license, only".<ref name="Lucas">Douglas Lucas, [http://www.salon.com/2012/02/23/julian_assange_prepares_his_next_move/ Julian Assange prepares his next move] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929230435/http://www.salon.com/2012/02/23/julian_assange_prepares_his_next_move/ |date=29 September 2012 }}, ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'', 23 February 2012.</ref>

Assange said that RT allowed his guests to discuss things that they "could not say on a mainstream TV network".<ref>{{cite news|author=Raphael Satter |url=http://www.denverpost.com/nationalpolitics/ci_20414171/wikileaks-founders-show-air-kremlin-tv|title=Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere|agency=[[Associated Press]]|work=[[The Denver Post]]|date=17 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910131250/http://www.denverpost.com/nationalpolitics/ci_20414171/wikileaks-founders-show-air-kremlin-tv|archive-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> Assange's production company made the show and Assange had full editorial control. Assange said that, if WikiLeaks had published large amounts of compromising data on Russia, his relationship with RT might not have been so comfortable.<ref name="Taylor" /> In August of that year, RT suffered a [[denial of service]] attack. Some people linked the attack to RT's connection with Assange, and others to an impending court verdict related to [[Pussy Riot]].<ref>David Meyer, [https://www.zdnet.com/article/russia-today-hit-by-ddos-as-anti-wikileaks-group-claims-responsibility/ Russia Today hit by DDoS as anti-Wikileaks group claims responsibility], [[ZDNet]], 17 August 2012.</ref>

On 23 October 2012, RT, along with Al Jazeera and [[C-SPAN]], broadcast the [[Free and Equal Elections Foundation]] third-party debate among four third-party [[2012 United States presidential election|candidates for President]] of the United States.<ref>Michael Calderone, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/19/third-party-debate-al-jazeera-english_n_1988014.html Third-Party Debate To Be Broadcast By Al Jazeera English, RT America, But Not Major Cable News Networks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809092421/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/19/third-party-debate-al-jazeera-english_n_1988014.html |date=9 August 2016 }}, ''[[HuffPost]]'', Posted: 19 October 2012, Updated: 23 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/video/blog/2012/10/presidential_hopefuls_take_sta.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027162558/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/video/blog/2012/10/presidential_hopefuls_take_sta.html|archive-date=27 October 2012|title=Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate|work=[[PBS NewsHour]]|date=25 October 2012|access-date=26 October 2012}}</ref> On 5 November, RT broadcast the two candidates that were voted winners of that debate, [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] candidate Governor [[Gary Johnson]] and [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] candidate [[Jill Stein]], from RT's [[Washington, D.C.]] studio.<ref>[https://www.rt.com/usa/rt-third-party-debate-stein-249/ RT to host final US presidential third-party debate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011221/https://www.rt.com/usa/rt-third-party-debate-stein-249/ |date=15 April 2017 }}, Published: 27 October 2012; Edited: 3 November 2012; note that the debate was postponed from 30 October because of [[Hurricane Sandy]].</ref><ref>Paul Singer, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/onpolitics/2012/11/05/nader-stein-johnson-debate-third-party/1682643/ Nader's third-party debate raises alternate issues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819060717/https://www.usatoday.com/story/onpolitics/2012/11/05/nader-stein-johnson-debate-third-party/1682643/ |date=19 August 2017 }}, ''[[USA Today]]'', 5 November 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.rt.com/usa/us-stein-johnson-foreign-036/ RT hosts third party debate #2: Tackling the issues the mainstream ignores] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163936/https://www.rt.com/usa/us-stein-johnson-foreign-036/ |date=14 April 2017 }}, RT.com story and video of debate, 6 November 2012.</ref>

In May 2013, RT announced that former CNN host [[Larry King]] would host a new talk show on RT. King said in an advertisement on RT: "I would rather ask questions to people in positions of power, instead of speaking on their behalf."<ref>Dylan Byers, [https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2013/05/larry-king-joins-russian-channel-rt-164941 Larry King joins Russian channel RT] , ''[[Politico]]'', 29 May 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.rt.com/news/larry-king-joins-rt-873/ RT America to broadcast Larry King's new political show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162933/https://www.rt.com/news/larry-king-joins-rt-873/ |date=14 April 2017 }}, RT Press release, 29 May 2013.</ref> As part of the deal, King would also bring his [[Hulu]] series ''[[Larry King Now]]'' to RT. On 13 June 2013, RT aired a preview telecast of King's new Thursday evening program ''Politicking'', with the episode discussing [[Edward Snowden]]'s leaking of the [[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM surveillance program]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/shows/politicking-larry-king/nsa-scandal-snowden-schock-675/|title=Politicking: Larry King talks NSA scandal fallout|publisher=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163644/https://www.rt.com/shows/politicking-larry-king/nsa-scandal-snowden-schock-675/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Vladimir Putin visited the new Russia Today broadcasting centre (2013).webm|right|thumb|[[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] 2013 visit to RT's new broadcasting centre and interview with RT correspondents]]
Vladimir Putin visited the new RT broadcasting centre in June 2013 and stated: <blockquote>"When we designed this project back in 2005 we intended introducing another strong player on the international scene, a player that wouldn't just provide an unbiased coverage of the events in Russia but also try, let me stress, I mean – try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly on the global information streams. ... We wanted to bring an absolutely independent news channel to the news arena. Certainly the channel is funded by the government, so it cannot help but reflect the Russian government's official position on the events in our country and in the rest of the world one way or another. But I'd like to underline again that we never intended this channel, RT, as any kind of apologetics for the Russian political line, whether domestic or foreign."<ref name=Putin2013>[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/18319 Visit to Russia Today television channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105194547/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/18319 |date=5 January 2019 }}, Kremlin.ru website, 11 June 2013</ref><ref name=MaxFisher/></blockquote>

On 13 October 2014, RT and the [[People's Daily Online]] signed a cooperation agreement.<ref name="Wu Di Qu 2014">{{cite web |last1=Wu |first1=Leb |last2=Hua |first2=Di |last3=Qu |first3=Haiqi |date=14 October 2014 |title=人民网与今日俄罗斯签署合作协议--时政--人民网 |trans-title=People's Daily Online signed a cooperation agreement with RT |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2014/1014/c1001-25826614.html |website=[[People's Daily]] |language=zh}}</ref> In early October 2014, RT announced the launch of a dedicated news channel, [[RT UK]], aimed at British audiences. The new channel began operating on 30 October 2014.<ref>[http://www.rapidtvnews.com/2014102835839/rt-unveils-dedicated-news-channel-for-uk.html RT unveils dedicated news channel for UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129193915/http://www.rapidtvnews.com/2014102835839/rt-unveils-dedicated-news-channel-for-uk.html |date=29 November 2014 }}, Rapid TV News, 30 October 2014.</ref>

In October 2016, the [[NatWest]] bank stated that they will no longer provide banking services to RT in the UK without providing any reasons. This decision was criticised by Margarita Simonyan, the editor-in-chief of RT, and the Russia Government. Simonyan sarcastically tweeted that: "Long live freedom of speech!"<ref>{{Cite web|author=Karl McDonald|date=17 October 2016|title=Russia Today's UK bank accounts shut by NatWest|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/russia-todays-uk-bank-accounts-shut-natwest-25993|access-date=30 November 2021|website=inews|language=en|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130092336/https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/russia-todays-uk-bank-accounts-shut-natwest-25993|url-status=live}}</ref> However, NatWest reversed its decision in January 2017, said it had reached a resolution with RT. Simonyan said the decision showed that "common sense has prevailed".<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2017|title=NatWest reverses decision to close RT's bank accounts in UK|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/30/natwest-reverses-decision-close-rt-russia-today-bank-accounts-uk|access-date=30 November 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130092339/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/30/natwest-reverses-decision-close-rt-russia-today-bank-accounts-uk|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, some of the RT staff started a new media project, Redfish.media, that positioned itself as "grassroots journalism".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/grassroots-media-startup-redfish-is-supported-by-the-kremlin|title=This 'Grassroots' Media Startup Is Supported by the Kremlin|last=Davis|first=Charles|date=1 February 2018|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=12 August 2018|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131233925/https://www.thedailybeast.com/grassroots-media-startup-redfish-is-supported-by-the-kremlin|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Times Redfish" /> The website was criticized by activist Musa Okwonga for deceptively interviewing him and then distributing it across RT channels while hiding its real affiliation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.okwonga.com/my-new-post-on-redfish-and-russia-today/|title=My new post, on Redfish and Russia Today.|website=okwonga.com|language=en-US|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813005114/http://www.okwonga.com/my-new-post-on-redfish-and-russia-today/}}</ref> Another similar RT project is ''In the NOW'', started in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/quirky-viral-video-channel-is-funded-by-the-russian-govt|title=This Quirky New Viral Video Channel Is Funded By The Russian Government|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=19 October 2018|language=en|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140538/https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/quirky-viral-video-channel-is-funded-by-the-russian-govt|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 February 2019, Facebook temporarily blocked the ''In the NOW'' page, saying that even though it does not require pages to disclose who funds them, it had suspended the page so viewers would not "be misled about who's behind them". [[Anissa Naouai]], CEO of [[Maffick]], which published the page, described the blocking as "unprecedented discrimination", and said that Facebook did not ask other channels to declare their parent company and financial affiliations. As of February 2019, a majority of Maffick stock was controlled by [[Ruptly]], an RT subsidiary, with Naouai owning the remaining 49%. Facebook unblocked the page on 25 February 2019; Naouai said the company had agreed to do so once the page was updated to feature information on ''In the NOW''{{'}}s funding and management. She added that this requirement has been applied to no other Facebook page. ''In the NOW'' also has an active channel on [[YouTube]] and regularly posts videos from [[Maffick#Brands|Soapbox]], a Maffick-owned channel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ma |first1=Alexandra |title=Russia's RT attacks Facebook for suspending 4 viral news channels that broadcast Kremlin talking points to millennials |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/rt-attacks-facebook-for-suspending-in-the-now-soapbox-other-pages-2019-2?r=US&IR=T |access-date=19 February 2019 |publisher=Business Insider Australia |date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130341/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/rt-attacks-facebook-for-suspending-in-the-now-soapbox-other-pages-2019-2?r=US&IR=T |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-18 |title=Facebook Blocks 'Wildly Popular' RT-Run Page|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kremlin-slams-facebook-s-decision-to-block-rt-blames-pressure-on-media-/29776607.html|access-date=18 February 2019|work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218155857/https://www.rferl.org/a/kremlin-slams-facebook-s-decision-to-block-rt-blames-pressure-on-media-/29776607.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CNN Maffick" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Birnbaum|first=Emily|url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages/|title=Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages|work=The Hill|date=25 February 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230345/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2021, Matt Field from the ''[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]'' reported that RT had created an account on [[Gab (social network)|Gab]], a [[social network]] known for its [[Far-right politics|far-right]] userbase, right before the start of former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump|second impeachment trial]].<ref name="Field-2021">{{Cite web|last=Field|first=Matt|date=2021-02-09|title=As Trump's impeachment trial begins, the Russian network that helped him in 2016 taps his supporters on Gab.com|url=https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/as-trumps-impeachment-trial-begins-the-russian-network-that-helped-him-in-2016-taps-his-supporters-on-gab-com/|access-date=2021-02-10|website=[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]|language=en-US|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210220940/https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/as-trumps-impeachment-trial-begins-the-russian-network-that-helped-him-in-2016-taps-his-supporters-on-gab-com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Field commented that RT had posted several articles on its Gab account, including one criticizing [[The Lincoln Project]], an organization run by [[Never Trump movement|anti-Trump Republicans]].<ref name="Field-2021" />

In December 2021 RT launched a TV channel in Germany, RT DE TV using a license for cable and satellite broadcasting issued in Serbia. A week after the launch, on 22 December the channel was removed from broadcasting via European satellites by the European satellite operator at the request of the German media regulator.<ref>{{cite web |title=Content producer for Russia's RT wraps up journalistic operations in Germany |date=4 February 2023 |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3665397-content-producer-for-russias-rt-wraps-up-journalistic-operations-in-germany.html |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204134251/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3665397-content-producer-for-russias-rt-wraps-up-journalistic-operations-in-germany.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine ===
On 27 February 2022, the president of the European Commission [[Ursula von der Leyen]] announced the [[European Union]] would ban RT and Sputnik (plus their subsidiaries) from operating in its 27 member countries.<ref name="CBS2022">{{Cite news |date=27 February 2022 |title=EU closes airspace to Russian planes, bans Russian media outlets and pledges arms to Ukraine |work=CBS |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-european-union-airspace-rt-sputnik/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305215826/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-european-union-airspace-rt-sputnik/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ban resulted in RT being blocked on downstream television networks located outside EU, such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Singapore]] as they were dependent on EU companies for the signal feed to RT.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-03 |title=RT: Russian-backed TV news channel disappears from UK screens |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-60584092 |access-date=2022-03-06 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303112559/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-60584092 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian news channel RT unavailable on StarHub, Singtel due to transmission disruption 'at source' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/russian-news-channel-rt-unavailable-starhub-singtel-transmission-disruption-2541731 |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312070528/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/russian-news-channel-rt-unavailable-starhub-singtel-transmission-disruption-2541731 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canadian telecom companies [[Shaw Communications|Shaw]], [[Rogers Communications|Rogers]], [[Bell Canada|Bell]] and [[Telus Corporation|Telus]] announced they would no longer offer RT in their channel lineups (although Rogers replaced its RT broadcasts with a [[Flag of Ukraine|Ukrainian flag]]).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Posadzki |first1=Alexandra |author-link=Alexandra Posadzki |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |last3=Robertson |first3=Susan Krashinsky |date=2022-02-27 |title=Russia's RT to be removed from Canadian lineup by Bell, Rogers, Shaw |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-ottawa-looks-for-ways-to-block-russian-broadcaster-rt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228042526/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-ottawa-looks-for-ways-to-block-russian-broadcaster-rt/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-28 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> This move was praised by Canada's Minister of Canadian Heritage [[Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)|Pablo Rodriguez]] who called the network the "propaganda arm" of Vladimir Putin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2022 |title=Rogers, Bell to pull Russian state-controlled channel RT over invasion of Ukraine |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/rogers-bell-russia-today-1.6366729 |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228020121/https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/rogers-bell-russia-today-1.6366729 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 February, Ofcom announced they had opened 15 expedited investigations into RT.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Ofcom opens 15 investigations into Russia Today |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ofcom-opens-15-investigations-into-russia-today/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Politico |language=en-US |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301052350/https://www.politico.eu/article/ofcom-opens-15-investigations-into-russia-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These investigations will be focused on the 15 news editions broadcast on 27 February between 05:00 and 19:00 and will check if the coverage broke impartiality requirements in the broadcast code.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Ofcom launches 15 investigations into RT |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2022/ofcom-launches-investigations-into-rt |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Ofcom |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153440/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2022/ofcom-launches-investigations-into-rt |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 March, the regulation was published which meant the ban was in force.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Union Publishes Regulation Banning Russia Today and Sputnik |url=https://techpolicy.press/european-union-publishes-regulation-banning-russia-today-and-sputnik |work=Tech Policy Press |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302162859/https://techpolicy.press/european-union-publishes-regulation-banning-russia-today-and-sputnik |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], and [[TikTok]] made RT's and Sputnik's social media content unavailable to users in the European Union on 28 February.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peters |first1=Jay |title=Facebook blocks RT and Sputnik pages in the EU |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/28/22955542/facebook-meta-blocks-rt-sputnik-eu-instagram |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |language=en |date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731195054/https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/28/22955542/facebook-meta-blocks-rt-sputnik-eu-instagram |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dwoskin |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Zakrzewski |first2=Cat |title=Facebook and TikTok ban Russian state media in Europe |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/28/facebook-ukraine-russian-disinformation/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/28/facebook-ukraine-russian-disinformation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Microsoft]] removed RT and Sputnik from [[MSN]], the [[Microsoft Store]], and the [[Microsoft Advertising]] network on the same day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fingas |first1=J. |title=Microsoft is the latest to ban Russian state media from its platforms |url=https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-bans-russia-state-media-193720376.html |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301000756/https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-bans-russia-state-media-193720376.html |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube, on 1 March, banned access to all RT and Sputnik channels on its platform in Europe (including Britain).{{efn|Although videos and channels may appear in search results, the videos are unwatchable, with UK users given the message: "This channel is not available in your country".<ref name="Kanter" />}}<ref name="Reuters20220301">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/youtube-block-channels-linked-russias-rt-sputnik-across-europe-2022-03-01/|title=YouTube to block channels linked to Russia's RT and Sputnik across Europe|work=Reuters|date=1 March 2022|access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Kanter" /> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] followed by removing RT and Sputnik from its [[App Store]] in all countries except Russia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mayo |first1=Benjamin |title=Apple shares statement on Russian invasion of Ukraine, company pauses all product sales and pulls RT News and Sputnik News apps from App Store |url=https://9to5mac.com/2022/03/01/apple-ukraine-statement-pause-product-sales/ |website=[[9to5Mac]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301210934/https://9to5mac.com/2022/03/01/apple-ukraine-statement-pause-product-sales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roku]] dropped the RT app from its channel store,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keck |first1=Catie |title=Roku, DirecTV drop Russian-backed RT channel |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/1/22957443/roku-directv-russia-ukraine-rt |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |language=en |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330100409/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/1/22957443/roku-directv-russia-ukraine-rt |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[DirecTV]] pulled [[RT America]] from its channel lineup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Weprin |first1=Alex |title=DirecTV Drops Russia-Backed RT Channel "Effective Immediately" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/directv-drops-russian-rt-1235101912/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301184935/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/directv-drops-russian-rt-1235101912/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 March, the [[ANTEL|National Administration of Telecommunications of Uruguay]] announced the removal of RT from the Antel TV streaming platform.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uruguay también suspendió la señal del canal ruso RT |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2022/03/02/uruguay-tambien-suspendio-la-senal-del-canal-ruso-rt/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=infobae |language=es-ES |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161426/https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2022/03/02/uruguay-tambien-suspendio-la-senal-del-canal-ruso-rt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> New Zealand satellite television provider [[Sky (New Zealand)|Sky]] also removed RT, citing complaints from customers and consultation with the [[Broadcasting Standards Authority]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pullar-Strecker |first1=Tom |title=Sky TV stops broadcasting Russia Today in light of war on Ukraine |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127900707/sky-tv-stops-broadcasting-russia-today-in-light-of-war-on-ukraine |access-date=2 March 2022 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227223947/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127900707/sky-tv-stops-broadcasting-russia-today-in-light-of-war-on-ukraine |archive-date=27 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Reddit]] blocked new outgoing links to RT and Sputnik on 3 March.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=Reddit Bans Links to Russian State Media Across Entire Site |url=https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/reddit-bans-links-to-russian-state-media-1235195612/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303232815/https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/reddit-bans-links-to-russian-state-media-1235195612/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 March, YouTube blocked RT and Sputnik worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-12 |title=YouTube blocks Russian state-funded media, including RT and Sputnik, around the world |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220312-youtube-blocks-russian-state-funded-media-including-rt-and-sputnik-around-the-world |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321035648/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220312-youtube-blocks-russian-state-funded-media-including-rt-and-sputnik-around-the-world |url-status=live }}</ref> From 16 March, the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] officially banned RT and [[RT France]] from the [[List of foreign television channels available in Canada|list of non-Canadian programming services authorized for distribution]].<ref name=CRTC/>

On 8 March 2022, [[RT France]] challenged the EU ban of its activities in the [[General Court (European Union)|General Court]] of the [[Court of Justice of the European Union]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chee |first=Foo Yun |date=2022-03-08 |title=RT challenges EU ban at Europe's second top court |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/rt-challenges-eu-ban-europes-second-top-court-2022-03-08/ }}</ref> After refusing to "urgently" consider the case on 30 March,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bodoni |first=Stephanie |date=2022-03-30 |title=Kremlin-Backed RT Loses Court Bid to Suspend EU Sanctions |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-30/kremlin-backed-rt-loses-court-bid-to-suspend-eu-sanctions |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153828/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-30/kremlin-backed-rt-loses-court-bid-to-suspend-eu-sanctions |url-status=live }}</ref> the General Court dismissed the case on 27 July 2022, ruling that the ban against RT was justified.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bodoni |first=Stephanie |date=2022-07-27 |title=RT Loses Court Fight Over EU Ban Following Ukraine Invasion |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/rt-loses-court-fight-against-eu-crackdown-on-russia-propaganda |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704120441/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/rt-loses-court-fight-against-eu-crackdown-on-russia-propaganda |url-status=live }}</ref>

Between 22 and 26 February 2022, a couple of days before and after the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], "posts on Facebook from RT and Sputnik got more than 5 million likes, shares and comments". On YouTube, videos of "false stories, claiming that Ukrainians had attacked Russians or describing a 'genocide' against Russian-speaking Ukrainians in the separatist Donbas region," were watched "73 million times."<ref name="wapo-muffle-2022">{{cite news |last1=Dwoskin |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Merrill |first2=Jeremy B. |last3=De Vynck |first3=Gerrit |title=Social platforms' bans muffle Russian state media propaganda |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/16/facebook-youtube-russian-bans/ |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011210620/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/16/facebook-youtube-russian-bans/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the invasion, hacktivist collective [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]] launched a [[distributed denial of service]] attack that temporarily disabled the websites of RT and other Russian government-controlled organizations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anonymous targets RT portal in 'cyber war' against Russia |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/02/25/anonymous-targets-rt-portal-in-cyber-war-against-russia |website=[[Newslaundry]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225073340/https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/02/25/anonymous-targets-rt-portal-in-cyber-war-against-russia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Purtill |first1=James |title=Anonymous takes down Kremlin, Russian-controlled media site in cyber attacks |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-02-25/hacker-collective-anonymous-declares-cyber-war-against-russia/100861160 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |language=en-AU |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226130516/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-02-25/hacker-collective-anonymous-declares-cyber-war-against-russia/100861160 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2022, RT America closed and most of its staff ceased to work for the outlet.<ref name="Darcy-2022" /> RT began selling merchandise emblazoned with the [[Z (military symbol)|"Z" military symbol]] – a pro-[[Kremlin]] and [[pro-war]] emblem – a few days after the start of the invasion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sauer |first1=Pjotr |title=Why has the letter Z become the symbol of war for Russia? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/why-has-the-letter-z-become-the-symbol-of-war-for-russia |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=8 March 2022 |language=en |date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307213630/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/why-has-the-letter-z-become-the-symbol-of-war-for-russia |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2022, ''[[Vice News]]'' reported that RT had established a channel on [[Gab (social network)|Gab]]'s video sharing platform Gab TV, which describes itself as a "free speech broadcasting platform." ''Vice News'' observed that Gab CEO Andrew Torba had given his support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Torba publicly supported RT, claiming that they are being subject to the same censorship as American conservatives "by [[Big Tech]] and the [[Globalism|globalist]] regime". Torba also falsely claimed that Gab is "the one place on the internet where you can find RT News" when RT also has a presence on video sharing platform [[Rumble (company)|Rumble]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=2022-03-15 |title=Russian State TV Has Found a New Home on Gab |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/rt-news-gab-social/ |website=[[Vice News]] |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317223107/https://www.vice.com/en/article/dypepw/rt-news-gab-social |url-status=live }}</ref> Not all branches of RT have suffered declines since the war started. Interactions with the Arabic-language Facebook page "RT Online" grew 161.2% from 28 February to mid-March, "RT Play in Español" went up a 22.5%.<ref name="wapo-muffle-2022" />

In October 2022, RT presenter [[Anton Krasovsky]] said on air that Ukrainian children who had in the past criticised the Soviet Union as occupiers of Ukraine should have been drowned or burned; he additionally laughed at reporting that Russian soldiers raped elderly Ukrainian women during the 2022 invasion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine urges global ban of Russia's RT after presenter calls for drowning of Ukrainian children |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-urges-global-ban-russias-rt-after-presenter-calls-drowning-ukrainian-2022-10-23/ |access-date=24 October 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024005613/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-urges-global-ban-russias-rt-after-presenter-calls-drowning-ukrainian-2022-10-23/?utm_source=reddit.com |url-status=live }}</ref> He was subsequently suspended by Simonyan, and criminal case investigation was opened.<ref>{{cite news |title=RT Host Suspended for Calls to 'Drown, Burn' Ukrainian Children |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/24/rt-host-suspended-for-calls-to-drown-burn-ukrainian-children-a79172 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=24 October 2022 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024203642/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/24/rt-host-suspended-for-calls-to-drown-burn-ukrainian-children-a79172 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September and October 2022, RT launched RT Hindi<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rt.com/news/563568-rt-hindi-twitter-telegram-launch/ | title=RT Hindi debuts on Twitter | work=RT International | access-date=29 April 2023 | archive-date=29 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429120151/https://www.rt.com/news/563568-rt-hindi-twitter-telegram-launch/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and RT Balkan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gotev |first=Georgi |date=2023-03-31 |title=Study: Russian embassy in Sofia most impactful in spreading propaganda |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/study-russian-embassy-in-sofia-most-impactful-in-spreading-propaganda/ |website=[[Euractiv]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429121659/https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/study-russian-embassy-in-sofia-most-impactful-in-spreading-propaganda/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=RT Launches Local Website, Broadcasting in Serbia |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/15/rt-launches-local-hub-in-serbia-a79380 |website=[[The Moscow Times]] |language=en |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429123155/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/15/rt-launches-local-hub-in-serbia-a79380 |url-status=live }}</ref> to expand its audience.

=== 2023–present ===
In September 2023, RT launched its online platform in Portuguese, as "RT Brazil".{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

On August 9, 2024, the broadcast and other equipment from the RT studio in Washington DC were auctioned off.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting and Television Production Auction. Washington, DC |url=https://rasmus.com/auctions/PDFH8RH4lUDFATQlWiEv |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=rasmus.com |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812163452/https://rasmus.com/auctions/PDFH8RH4lUDFATQlWiEv |url-status=live }}</ref>
On September 16, 2024, [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] announced that it would ban RT from its platforms, including [[Facebook]] and [[Instagram]], for foreign interference activity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/16/meta-bans-rt-russian-media-outlets|title=
Meta bans Russian state media outlets over 'foreign interference activity'|work=The Guardian|date=
17 September 2024}}</ref>

Research by the [[BBC]] found that viewer trust in RT globally averaged 71% in 2025, increased from 59% four years previously.<ref name=guardian-20260210>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2026/feb/10/bbc-world-service-funding-tim-davie |title=BBC World Service faces funding cliff edge in seven weeks, says Tim Davie |last=Savage |first=Michael |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 February 2026 |access-date=10 February 2026}}</ref>

==Organization==
State-owned RIA Novosti news agency, which founded RT in 2005, is one of the largest in Russia. Its former chairperson was Svetlana Mironyuk, who modernised the agency after being appointed in 2003.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110615032454/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2467169/RUSSIA-ANOTHER-MEDIA-MANAGEMENT-CHANGE.html Russia: Another Media-Management Change]", IPR Strategic Business Information Database, 4 February 2003. Retrieved 29 March 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100811031419/http://www.russiaprofile.org/author_biography.php?author=Svetlana+Mironyuk Russia Profile]. Retrieved 29 March 2010.</ref><ref>Peter Finn, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/05/AR2008030503539_pf.html Russia Pumps Tens of Millions Into Burnishing Image Abroad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516175848/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/05/AR2008030503539_pf.html |date=16 May 2008 }} ''The Washington Post'', 6 March 2008.</ref>

In 2007, RT established offices in the same building as RIA Novosti, after the Russian Union of Journalists was forced to vacate them.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060346/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1Y1-106553093.html New Concerns on Russia Media Freedom], [[Associated Press]], via [[Highbeam]], 19 May 2007.</ref> In 2012, Anna Kachkayeva, Dean of Media Communications at Moscow's [[Higher School of Economics]], stated that the two organizations "share the same roof" because they are located in the same building, but in "funding, editorial policy, management and staff, they are two independent organisations whose daily operations are not interconnected in any way".<ref name="RN-2012">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120210025703/http://en.rian.ru/agency_news/20120206/171179459.html RIA Novosti Does Not Control RT Television – Russian Media Experts], RIA Novosti, 6 February 2012.</ref> In 2008, Simonyan noted that more than 50 young RT journalists had gone on to take positions in large Western media outlets.<ref name="Zagorodnov" /> By 2010, RT's staff had grown to 2,000.<ref name="vonTwickel" />

[[File:Russia Today studios building, Moscow (20546479543).jpg|thumbnail|RT studios building in Moscow in 2013]]
In December 2012, RT moved its production studios and headquarters to a new facility in Moscow. The move coincided with RT's upgrade of all of its English-language news programming to [[high-definition television|high-definition]].<ref name="Bullough" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/press-releases/rt-begins-broadcasting-in-hd-worldwide-from-new-state-of-the-art-studio/|title=RT Begins Broadcasting in HD Worldwide from New State of the Art Studio|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162803/https://www.rt.com/about-us/press-releases/rt-begins-broadcasting-in-hd-worldwide-from-new-state-of-the-art-studio/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/|title=History|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011501/https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, a presidential decree issued by Vladimir Putin dissolved RIA Novosti, replacing it with a new information agency called [[Rossiya Segodnya]] (directly translated as ''Russia Today'').<ref name=RT>{{Cite news|title=Putin orders overhaul of top state news agency|url=https://www.rt.com/news/ria-novosti-overhaul-putin-960/|access-date=10 December 2013|publisher=RT|date=9 December 2013|archive-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210083944/http://rt.com/news/ria-novosti-overhaul-putin-960/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 December 2013, Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of the RT news channel, was also appointed editor-in-chief of the new news agency while maintaining her duties for the television network.<ref>{{cite news|title=RT editor Simonyan to head Kremlin-backed news agency|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25560434|access-date=31 December 2013|newspaper=BBC News|date=31 December 2013|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320130823/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25560434|url-status=live}}</ref>

From 18 August 2020 to 18 August 2021, ANO TV Novosti was owned by the federal state [[unitary enterprise]] RAMI RIA Novosti ({{Langx|ru|ФГУП "РАМИ "РИА Новости"}}) and the Association for the Development of International Journalism (ADIJ; {{Langx|ru|Ассоциация развития международной журналистики (АРМЖ)}}), which was founded by Margarita Simonyan and few other RT associates. On 18 August 2021, RAMI RIA Novosti was liquidated and the ownership of ANO TV Novosti was transferred to ADIJ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kolesnikov|first=Aleksandr|date=2020-08-28|title=Маргарита Симоньян приватизирует Russia Today|trans-title=Margarita Simonyan privatizes Russia Today|url=https://octagon.media/ekonomika/margarita_simonyan_privatiziruet_russia_today_.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=octagon.media|language=ru|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210105510/https://octagon.media/ekonomika/margarita_simonyan_privatiziruet_russia_today_.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=РАМИ "РИА Новости", ФГУП, ИНН 7704005030|trans-title=RAMI "RIA Novosti", Federal State Unitary Enterprise, TIN 7704005030|url=https://sbis.ru/7704005030/770401001|access-date=2022-02-10|website=sbis.ru|language=ru|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153950/https://sbis.ru/contragents/7704005030/770401001|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=GEC Special Report. Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Kremlin-Funded-Media_January_update-19.pdf|access-date=2022-02-10|website=[[United States Department of State]]|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321224400/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Kremlin-Funded-Media_January_update-19.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Budget===
When it was established in 2005, ANO TV-Novosti invested $30 million in start-up costs to establish RT,<ref name="Knobel">Beth Knobel [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/ "Russian News, English Accent: New Kremlin Show Spins Russia Westward"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155805/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/ |date=24 September 2015 }}, ''[[CBS News]]'', 12 December 2005</ref> with a budget of $30 million for its first year of operation. Half of the network's budget came from the Russian government; the other half came from pro-Kremlin commercial banks at the government's request.<ref name="Painter" /> Its annual budget increased from approximately $80 million in 2007 to $380 million in 2011, but was reduced to $300 million in 2012.<ref name="Maczka">Marcin Maczka, [http://www.neweasterneurope.eu/interviews/320-the-propaganda-machine The Propaganda Machine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007040059/http://www.neweasterneurope.eu/interviews/320-the-propaganda-machine |date=7 October 2014 }}, New Eastern Europe website, 9 July 2012, originally published in New Eastern Europe: New Europe, Old Problems No. 3 (IV), 2012.</ref>{{ref|a}}<ref>Lenizadt estimates the 2012 Russian Federal Budget at 11 billion rubles to RT's parent company ANO TV-Novosti. Darya Fazletdinova, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120706234859/http://www.lenizdat.ru/a0/ru/pm1/c-1105568-0.html Anatomy of Non-Resistance], Lenizdat, 2 July 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2012, [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Flenizdat.ru%2Fa0%2Fru%2Fpm1%2Fc-1105568-0.html%231&act=url Translation from the Russian]</ref> President Putin prohibited the reduction of funding for RT on 30 October 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.gazeta.ru/news/2012/10/29/a_4828917.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102072350/http://en.gazeta.ru/news/2012/10/29/a_4828917.shtml|archive-date=2 November 2012|title=Putin forbids funding cuts to state-run media outlets – Gazeta. Ru – English news blog|work=Gazeta.Ru}}</ref>

About 80 percent of RT's costs are incurred outside Russia, paying partner networks around $260 million for the distribution of its channels in 2014.<ref name=Orttung/><ref name=BbTV415>{{cite news |author=Chris Dziadul |title=RT tightens its belt |url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2015/04/08/rt-tightens-its-belt |date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Broadband TV News |access-date=30 January 2016 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424011314/https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2015/04/08/rt-tightens-its-belt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, RT received 11.87 billion [[Russian ruble|rubles]] ($310 million) in government funding and was expected to receive 15.38 billion rubles ($400 million) in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tétrault-Farber|first=Gabrielle|date=23 September 2014|title=Looking West, Russia Beefs Up Spending on Global Media Giants|newspaper=[[The Moscow Times]]|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/09/23/looking-west-russia-beefs-up-spending-on-global-media-giants-a39708|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311054849/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/09/23/looking-west-russia-beefs-up-spending-on-global-media-giants-a39708|url-status=live}}</ref> (For comparison, the bigger [[BBC World Service]] Group had a $376 million budget in 2014–15.)<ref name=Time2015>{{cite magazine |last=Shuster |first=Simon |url=https://time.com/rt-putin/ |title=Inside Putin's on-air machine |magazine=Time |date=16 March 2015 |pages=44–51 |access-date=12 April 2015 |archive-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321182653/http://time.com/rt-putin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the start of 2015, as the ruble's value plummeted and a ten percent reduction in media subsidies was imposed, it was thought that RT's budget for the year would fall to about $236 million.<ref name=Orttung/><ref name=BbTV415/> Instead, government funding was increased to 20.8 billion rubles (around $300 million) in September.<ref name=BBC915>{{cite news |author=Stephen Ennis |title=Russia in 'information war' with West to win hearts and minds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34248178 |date=16 September 2015 |publisher=BBC |access-date=19 January 2016 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506104851/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34248178 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, RT was expected to receive 19 billion rubles ($307 million) from the Russian government the following year.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 October 2015|title=Russia Cuts State Spending on RT News Network|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/11/russia-cuts-state-spending-on-rt-news-network-a50194|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218215430/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/11/russia-cuts-state-spending-on-rt-news-network-a50194|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2022, RT is the leader in terms of state funding among all Russian media. Between 2022 and 2024, RT will receive 82 billion rubles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-22|title=Госфинансирование RT и МИА «Россия сегодня» будет увеличено на 1,4 и 1,7 млрд рублей в 2022 году|trans-title=State funding of RT and MIA [[Rossiya Segodnya]] will be increased by 1.4 and 1.7 billion rubles in 2022|url=https://rtvi.com/news/gosfinansirovanie-rt-i-mia-rossiya-segodnya-budet-uvelicheno-na-1-4-i-1-7-mlrd-rubley-v-2022-godu/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=[[RTVI]]|language=ru|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204171910/https://rtvi.com/news/gosfinansirovanie-rt-i-mia-rossiya-segodnya-budet-uvelicheno-na-1-4-i-1-7-mlrd-rubley-v-2022-godu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=RT остался лидером по объемам госфинансирования среди СМИ. В 2022 году канал получит почти 29 миллиардов рублей|trans-title=RT remained the leader in terms of state funding among the media. In 2022, the channel will receive almost 29 billion rubles|url=https://meduza.io/news/2021/12/23/rt-ostalsya-liderom-po-ob-emam-gosfinansirovaniya-sredi-smi-v-2022-godu-kanal-poluchit-pochti-29-milliardov-rubley|access-date=2022-02-04|website=[[Meduza]]|language=ru|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204204744/https://meduza.io/news/2021/12/23/rt-ostalsya-liderom-po-ob-emam-gosfinansirovaniya-sredi-smi-v-2022-godu-kanal-poluchit-pochti-29-milliardov-rubley|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Network===
According to RT as of March 2022, the network's feed is carried by 22 satellites and over 230 operators, providing a distribution reach to about 700 million households in more than 100 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/|title=Distribution|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607134305/https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/|url-status=live}}</ref> RT also stated that RT America was available to 85 million households throughout the United States, as of 2012.<ref name="CSM2012">Fred Weir, [https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/0125/Russia-gives-WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-a-TV-platform Russia gives WikiLeaks' Julian Assange a TV platform] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419221003/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/0125/Russia-gives-WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-a-TV-platform |date=19 April 2023 }}, ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', 25 January 2012.</ref>

In addition to its main English language channel RT International, RT UK and RT America, RT also runs Arabic-language channel Rusiya Al-Yaum, Spanish language channel Actualidad RT, as well as the RTDoc documentary channel. RT maintains 21 bureaus in 16 countries, including those in Washington, D.C., New York City; London, England; Paris, France; Delhi, India; [[Cairo, Egypt]] and [[Baghdad, Iraq]].<ref name="RTCorporate">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/|title=About RT (formerly corporate profile)|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224095056/https://www.rt.com/about-us/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Channel
! Description
! Language
! Launched
|-
| RT International || RT's main news channel, covering international and regional news from a Russian perspective. It also includes commentary and documentary programs. Based in Moscow with a presence in Washington, New York, London, Paris, Delhi, Cairo and Baghdad and other cities.<ref name="RTCorporate" /> || English || 2005
|-
| [[Rusiya Al-Yaum|RT Arabic]] || Based in Moscow and broadcast 24/7. Programmes include news, feature programming and documentaries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arabic.rt.com/prg/|script-title=ar:برامج القناة|work=RT Arabic|access-date=14 April 2017|language=ar-AR|archive-date=17 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517193935/https://arabic.rt.com/prg/|url-status=live}}</ref> || Arabic || 2007
|-
| [[RT Actualidad|RT Spanish]] || Based in Moscow with bureaus in Miami, Los Angeles, [[Havana]] and [[Buenos Aires]]. Covers headline news, politics, sports and broadcast specials.<ref name="About Actualidad RT">{{Cite web|url=https://actualidad.rt.com/acerca/quienes_somos|title=Quiénes somos|website=RT en Español|language=es|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=19 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119083817/https://actualidad.rt.com/acerca/quienes_somos|url-status=live}}</ref> || Spanish || 2009
|-
| [[RT America]] || RT America was based in RT's Washington, D.C. bureau, it included programs hosted by American journalists. The channel maintained a separate schedule of programs each weekday from 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]], and simulcasted RT International at all other times. [[RT America]] was compelled to register as a foreign agent with the [[United States Department of Justice]] National Security Division under the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]].<ref name="Stubbs-2017">{{Cite news|last1=Stubbs|first1=Jack|last2=Gibson|first2=Ginger |date=13 November 2017|title=Russia's RT America registers as 'foreign agent' in U.S.|work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt/russias-rt-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-usa-editor-idUSKBN1DD25B |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113210402/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt/russias-rt-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-usa-editor-idUSKBN1DD25B|url-status=live}}</ref>|| English || 2010 ''(closed 3 March 2022)''
|-
| [[RT UK]] ||RT UK was based at RT's London bureau at [[Millbank Tower]]. Includes programs hosted by British journalists. The channel offered five hours of programming per day, Monday to Thursday UK News at 6 pm, 7pm, 8pm, 9pm and 10 pm and simulcasted RT International at all other times. On Fridays there was no 10 pm UK News bulletin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/uk/200411-rt-uk-channel-launch/|title=RT launches dedicated UK news channel – RT UK|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507021820/https://www.rt.com/uk/200411-rt-uk-channel-launch/|url-status=live}}</ref> || English || 2014 ''(closed 2 March 2022)''
|-
| RT Documentary || A 24-hour documentary channel. The bulk of its programming consists of RT-produced documentaries related to Russia.<ref name="About RT doc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/rt-documentary-channel-new/|title=RTД – your guide to the depths of Russia|work=RT International|access-date=14 April 2017|language=en-EN|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011094753/https://www.rt.com/news/rt-documentary-channel-new/|url-status=live}}</ref> || English, Russian || 2011
|-
| [[RT en Français]] || Based in Moscow (formerly in the Parisian suburb of [[Boulogne-Billiancourt]] before 2023). Ever since the 2022 ban on RT in the EU, the channel has shifted its target audience to African viewers. Programming include news bulletins, documentaries, and interviews.<ref name="RT en Français">{{Cite news|url=https://francais.rt.com/a-propos-de-rt|title=À propos de RT|work=RT en Français|access-date=14 February 2025|language=fr-FR}}</ref> || French || 2017 
|-
| RT Balkan || Based in [[Belgrade]] and targeting viewers in Serbia and [[Republika Srpska]]<ref name="RT International">{{Cite news |url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/press-releases/rt-balkan-tv-channel-begin-broadcast/ |title=RT Balkan TV channel begins broadcasting from Belgrade |work=RT |url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227181652/https://www.rt.com/about-us/press-releases/rt-balkan-tv-channel-begin-broadcast/ |archive-date=2024-12-27 |language=English}}</ref> || Serbian || 2024 
|-
| RT India || || English || 2025
|}

The sharp decline in the ruble at the end of 2014 forced RT to postpone German- and French-language channels.<ref name=Time2015/>

In addition to [[news agency]] [[Ruptly]], RT also operates the following websites: ''RT на русском'' (in Russian),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russian.rt.com/|title=RT на русском последние новости онлайн в России и в Мире|website=RT на русском|access-date=14 January 2016|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028051840/https://russian.rt.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[RT en français]]'' (French),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://francais.rt.com/|title=RT en Français|website=RT en Français|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113120/http://francais.rt.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[RT DE]] (German).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fakecheck-rt.de/|title=Fakecheck – RT|website=fakecheck-rt.de|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228081845/https://fakecheck-rt.de/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, RT's YouTube news channels were: RT (the main channel), RT America, RT Arabic, RT en Español, RT Deutsch, RT French, RT UK, RT на русском and the newly launched RT Chinese.<ref name=Orttung/>

The German service (RT DE) was removed from YouTube in September 2021 for breaking the websites rules on [[COVID misinformation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/29/youtube-deletes-rts-german-channels-over-covid-misinformation|title=YouTube deletes RT's German channels over Covid misinformation|work=The Guardian|date=29 September 2021|access-date=29 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928234136/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/29/youtube-deletes-rts-german-channels-over-covid-misinformation|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Atlantic Council]]'s Digital Forensic Research Lab and ''[[Meduza]]'' wrote that the Russian edition of RT "aggressively" promoted COVID-19 vaccination in Russia, calling anti-vaccination activists "imbeciles", while foreign RT channels were simultaneously promoting the same anti-vaccination misinformation that it criticized in Russia.<ref name=@DFRLab>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-24|title=How RT DE spread COVID misinformation on YouTube|url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/how-rt-de-spread-covid-misinformation-on-youtube-137ceeb70c7e|access-date=2021-12-07|website=DFRLab|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207202952/https://medium.com/dfrlab/how-rt-de-spread-covid-misinformation-on-youtube-137ceeb70c7e|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="meduza.io-two-faces">{{Cite web |last1=Kovalev |first1=Alexey |author-link=Alexey Kovalev (journalist) |last2=Vachedin |first2=Dmitry |last3=Zelenin |first3=Sasha |date=2021-11-11 |others=Translated by Kevin Rothrock |title=The two faces of RT's coronavirus propaganda When it comes to Russia Today and the pandemic, coverage at home and abroad is worlds apart |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/11/11/the-two-faces-of-rt-s-coronavirus-propaganda |website=[[Meduza]] |language=en |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223102644/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/11/11/the-two-faces-of-rt-s-coronavirus-propaganda |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2012, RT signed a contract with Israeli-based [[RRSat]] to distribute high-definition feeds of the channel in the United States, Latin America and Asia.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rrsat-signs-contract-with-russia-today-for-global-distribution-of-rt-hd-channels-168896986.html|title=RRsat Signs Contract With Russia Today For Global Distribution Of RT HD Channels|agency=PR Newswire|date=7 September 2012|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925184920/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rrsat-signs-contract-with-russia-today-for-global-distribution-of-rt-hd-channels-168896986.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2012, RT's Rusiya Al-Yaum and RT joined the high-definition network [[Al Yah Satellite Communications]] ("YahLive").<ref name="AMEinfo">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121006005854/http://www.ameinfo.com/russia-rusiya-al-yaum-join-yahlives-definition-313995 Russia Today and Rusiya Al-yaum join Yahlive's high definition bouquet], [[Al Yah Satellite Communications]], [[AMEinfo.com]].</ref> On 12 July 2014, during his visit to [[Argentina]], Putin announced that Actualidad RT would broadcast [[free-to-air]] in the country, the first foreign television channel to do so there.<ref>{{cite news|title=Putin: RT en español emitirá su señal en abierto en Argentina 24 al día|url=http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/133759-rt-espanol-senal-argentina-abierto|access-date=12 July 2014|publisher=Actualidad RT|date=12 July 2014|language=es|archive-date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712220340/http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/133759-rt-espanol-senal-argentina-abierto|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://omnifeed.com/article/www.nytimes.com/2014/10/22/opinion/russia-today-argentina-tomorrow.html|title=Russia Today, Argentina Tomorrow|author1=Bosoer, Fabián|author2=Finchelstein, Federico|date=21 October 2014|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 October 2014|author2-link=Federico Finchelstein|archive-date=16 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216025604/http://omnifeed.com/article/www.nytimes.com/2014/10/22/opinion/russia-today-argentina-tomorrow.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]], Argentina's State Media Authorities decided to suspend RT on 11 June 2016, along with Venezuelan television channel [[TeleSur]], which had both been authorized by the previous left-leaning government of [[Cristina Kirchner]]. Officially, Argentina wanted to devote RT's frequency to domestic broadcasts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Argentina Announces Suspension Of Russia's RT TV Broadcasts|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/argentina-announces-suspension-russian-state-rt-news-broadcasts/27791747.html|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=11 June 2016|access-date=12 June 2016|archive-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100401/http://www.rferl.org/content/argentina-announces-suspension-russian-state-rt-news-broadcasts/27791747.html|url-status=live}}</ref> RT was made available on the dominant Australian subscription television platform [[Foxtel]] on 17 February 2015.<ref>{{cite web|website=[[TV Tonight]]|first=David|last=Knox|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/02/foxtel-adds-russia-today-channel.html|title=Foxtel adds Russia Today channel|date=16 February 2015|access-date=16 February 2015|archive-date=16 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216051107/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/02/foxtel-adds-russia-today-channel.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Ratings/impact===
;Audience ratings
The RT website (as of March 2022), maintains that "since June 2012", RT has "consistently and significantly outperforms other foreign channels including Euronews and Fox News. RT's quarterly audience in the UK is 2.5 million viewers".<ref name="RT-ratings">{{cite web |title=RT. About Us. Distribution |url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/ |website=RT |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607134305/https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, according to ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', citing leaked documents from "Vasily Gatov, a former RIA Novosti employee" (as of 2015) RT "hugely exaggerates its viewership,";<ref name="Niemanlab-2022"/> and its most-watched segments were on apolitical subjects.<ref>{{cite news|title=Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About Its Popularity|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html|website=The Daily Beast|date=17 September 2015|access-date=6 August 2016|last1=Zavadski|first1=Katie|archive-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920002756/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 2013 and 2015, over 80% of RT's viewership was for videos of accidents, crime, disasters, and natural phenomena, such as the 2013 [[Chelyabinsk meteor]] event, with less than 1% of viewership for political videos.<ref name=Zavaski17Sept/> In late 2015, all of the 20 most-watched videos on its main channel, totaling 300 million views, were described as "disaster/novelty". Of the top 100, only a small number could be categorized as political, with only one covering Ukraine.<ref name=BBC915/> The most popular video of Russian president Putin shows him singing "[[Blueberry Hill (song)|Blueberry Hill]]" at a 2010 St. Petersburg charity event.<ref name="Zavaski17Sept"/> In 2017, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' analysed RT's popularity and concluded that "it's not very good at its job" as "Moscow's propaganda arm" due to its relative unpopularity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/12/if-russia-today-is-moscows-propaganda-arm-its-not-very-good-at-its-job/|title=If Russia Today is Moscow's propaganda arm, it's not very good at its job|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-date=12 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112205116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/12/if-russia-today-is-moscows-propaganda-arm-its-not-very-good-at-its-job/|url-status=live}}</ref> RT has disputed both ''The Daily Beast'' and ''The Washington Post'' assessments, saying their analyses used outdated viewership data.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/op-edge/315778-exposing-daily-beast-propaganda/|title=Exposing Daily Beast propaganda: 10 RT political virals the YouTube MSM can only dream of|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162029/https://www.rt.com/op-edge/315778-exposing-daily-beast-propaganda/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/op-edge/373527-fact-checking-washington-post-rt-report/|title=Fact check for dummies: Teaching Washington Post & Co how to do journalism one last time|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080820/https://www.rt.com/op-edge/373527-fact-checking-washington-post-rt-report/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A study by Professor Robert Orttung at George Washington University stated that RT uses human interest stories without ideological content to attract viewers to its channels. Between January and May 2015, the Russian-language channel had the most viewers, with approximately double the number of the main channel, despite only having around one-third the number of subscribers.<ref name="Orttung">{{cite book |last1=Orttung |first1=Robert |last2=Nelson |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Livshen |first3=Anthony |section=Measuring RT's impact on YouTube |title=Information Warfare |series=Russian Analytical Digest |date=8 December 2015 |volume=177 |issue=8 |url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RussianAnalyticalDigest177.pdf |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[Research Centre for East European Studies]] |location=[[University of Bremen]] |via=[[ETH Zurich]] |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409122210/https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RussianAnalyticalDigest177.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to data compiled by Oxford's Rasmus Kleis Nielsen prior to the invasion of Ukraine, RT's "online reach in the U.K., France, and Germany" was "not great on the web, but surprisingly strong on social media, at least in spots".<ref name="Niemanlab-2022"/> For example, in Germany, RT was "the No. 1 news source in terms of engagements on Facebook" December 2021-January 2022, (according to this CrowdTangle data).<ref name="Niemanlab-2022">{{cite web |last1=Benton |first1=Joshua |title=How many people really watch or read RT, anyway? It's hard to tell, but some of their social numbers are eye-popping |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/how-many-people-really-watch-or-read-rt-anyway-its-hard-to-tell-but-some-of-their-social-numbers-are-eye-popping/ |website=Niemanlab |access-date=14 March 2022 |date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311162040/https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/how-many-people-really-watch-or-read-rt-anyway-its-hard-to-tell-but-some-of-their-social-numbers-are-eye-popping/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Reliable figures for RT's worldwide audience were not available as of 2015.<ref name=BBC915/> In the United States, RT typically pays cable and satellite services to carry its channel in subscriber packages.<ref name=Zavaski17Sept>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html|title=Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About its Popularity|date=17 September 2015|access-date=17 September 2015|first=Katie|last=Zavaski|archive-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920002756/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, RT was the second most-watched foreign news channel in the United States (after [[BBC World News]]),<ref>[http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/01/media-foreign-news-channels-drawing-us-viewers/ Foreign News Channels Drawing U.S. Viewers – IPS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023920/https://www.ipsnews.net/2010/01/media-foreign-news-channels-drawing-us-viewers/ |date=7 April 2023 }}. Ipsnews.net. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> and the number one foreign network in five major U.S. urban areas in 2012.<ref name="russia-briefing.com">[http://www.russia-briefing.com/news/russia-today-to-double-its-u-s-audience.html/ 'Russia Today' Doubles its U.S. Audience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419163918/https://www.russia-briefing.com/news/russia-today-to-double-its-u-s-audience.html/ |date=19 April 2023 }}, Russia Briefing News, 7 June 2012.</ref> It also rated well among younger Americans under 35 and in [[inner city]] areas.<ref name="russia-briefing.com"/>

In the UK, the [[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board]] (BARB) has included RT in the viewer data it publishes since 2012.<ref name=BBC915/> According to their data, approximately 2.5 million Britons watched RT during the third quarter of 2012, making it the third most-watched [[rolling news]] channel in Britain, behind [[BBC News (British TV channel)|BBC News]] and [[Sky News]] (not including [[Sky Sports News]]).<ref name="Bullough">Oliver Bullough [http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/world-affairs/2013/05/inside-russia-today-counterweight-mainstream-media-or-putins-mou "Inside Russia Today: counterweight to the mainstream media, or Putin's mouthpiece?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629231708/http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/world-affairs/2013/05/inside-russia-today-counterweight-mainstream-media-or-putins-mou |date=29 June 2013 }}, ''New Statesman'', 10 May 2013.</ref><ref name="BARBQ32012">BARB Q3 2012 viewing figures [https://web.archive.org/web/20130227063338/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2012+-+weeks+2293-2305.pdf "BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2012"], BARB. Retrieved 6 June 2014</ref><ref name="Laughlin">Laughlin, Andrew, 14 January 2013 [http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/media/news/a450812/rt-russian-news-channel-goes-hd-on-sky.html "RT Russian news channel goes HD on Sky"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051924/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/media/news/a450812/rt-russian-news-channel-goes-hd-on-sky.html |date=24 September 2015 }}, [[Digital Spy]]. Retrieved 13 December 2013.</ref> RT was soon overtaken by [[Al Jazeera English]],<ref name="BARBQ42012">BARB Q4 2012 viewing figures [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616085114/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+4+2012+-+weeks+2306-2318.pdf "BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2012"], BARB. Retrieved 6 June 2014</ref> and viewing figures dropped to about 2.1 million by the end of 2013.<ref name="BARBQ42013">BARB Q4 2013 viewing figures [https://web.archive.org/web/20140409233956/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+4+2013+-+weeks+2358-2370.pdf "BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2013"], BARB. Retrieved 9 April 2014</ref> For comparison, it had marginally fewer viewers than [[S4C]], the state-funded [[Welsh language]] broadcaster,<ref name=BuzzFeedPSmith>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Patrick|title=Everything You Need To Know About Russia Today UK|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/patricksmith/everything-you-need-to-know-about-russia-today-uk|work=BuzzFeed|date=17 November 2014|access-date=10 September 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042359/https://www.buzzfeed.com/patricksmith/everything-you-need-to-know-about-russia-today-uk|url-status=live}}</ref> or minor channels such as [[Zing (TV channel)|Zing]], [[VIVA (TV station)|Viva]] and [[Rishtey (TV channel)|Rishtey]].<ref name=BBCMonitoring2>{{cite news|last=Ennis|first=Stephen|title=Kremlin's UK TV fails to match ambitions|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/monitoring/kremlins-uk-tv-fails-to-match-ambitions|work=[[BBC News]]|date=4 November 2014|access-date=25 December 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321181425/http://www.bbc.co.uk/monitoring/kremlins-uk-tv-fails-to-match-ambitions}}</ref> According to internal documents submitted for Kremlin review, RT's viewership amounted to less than 0.1 percent of Europe's television audience, except in Britain, where 2013 viewership was estimated at 120,000 persons per day.<ref name=Zavaski17Sept/> According to the leaked documents, RT was ranked 175th out of 278 channels in Great Britain in May 2013, or fifth out of eight cable news channels.<ref name=Zavaski17Sept/> In August 2015, RT's average weekly viewing figure had fallen to around 450,000 (0.8 percent of the total UK audience), 100,000 fewer than in June 2012 and less than half that of Al Jazeera English.<ref name=BBC915/><ref>BARB Q3 2015 viewing figures [http://www.barb.co.uk/file/download/trendspotting-data/quarterly-channel-reach/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2015+-+weeks+2449-2461.pdf "BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2015"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129072449/http://www.barb.co.uk/file/download/trendspotting-data/quarterly-channel-reach/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2015+-+weeks+2449-2461.pdf |date=29 January 2016 }}, BARB. Retrieved 23 January 2016</ref> In March 2016, the monthly viewing was figure 0.04%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/monthly-viewing-summary |title=Monthly viewing summary |website=barb.co.uk |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=15 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415002240/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/monthly-viewing-summary/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Latin America is the second most significant area of influence for internet RT (rt.com). In 2013, RT ascended to the ranks of the 100 most watched websites in seven Latin American countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/el_espa%C3%B1ol_federaci%C3%B3n_rusa.pdf |title=Sagarra Ángel, Josep María de; Soler Herreros, Chimo "El español en la Federación de Rusia: factor determinante en las relaciones con los países hispanohablantes". En: Iberoamérica, trimestral desde Moscú, n. 2 (2014) |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321182250/http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/el_espa%C3%B1ol_federaci%C3%B3n_rusa.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

A [[Pew Research]] survey of the most popular news videos on YouTube in 2011–12 found RT to be the top source with 8.5 percent of posts, 68 percent of which consisted of first-person video accounts of dramatic worldwide events, likely acquired by the network rather than created by it.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Video Creation–A Shared Process |url=http://www.journalism.org/2012/07/16/youtube-video-creationa-shared-process/ |website=journalism.org |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231055631/http://www.journalism.org/2012/07/16/youtube-video-creationa-shared-process/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Jennifer Martinez, [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/119756-pew-russia-today-fox-news-lead-the-pack-on-youtube/ Pew: Russia Today], [[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]], 16 July 2012</ref> In 2013, RT became the first television news channel to reach 1 billion views on YouTube.<ref name="SpiegelBidder"/> In 2014, its main (English) channel was reported have 1.4 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=O'Sullivan |first=John |author-link=John O'Sullivan (columnist) |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/features/9390782/the-truth-about-russia-today-is-that-it-is-putins-mouthpiece/ |title=The difference between real journalism and Russia Today |magazine=[[The Spectator]] |date=6 December 2014 |access-date=18 March 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317033553/http://www.spectator.co.uk/features/9390782/the-truth-about-russia-today-is-that-it-is-putins-mouthpiece/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Followers====
In 2013, RT became "the first news network to surpass 1 billion views on YouTube".<ref name="wapo-muffle-2022"/> As of shortly after the invasion of Ukraine and blocking of RT by tech companies, RT's "main Facebook channel has more than 7 million followers" (some of which are located in Europe where the channel is blocked). RT's YouTube account had "roughly 4.65 million followers in English and 5.94 million in Spanish".<ref name="wapo-muffle-2022"/>

====Impact====
RT has some effect on viewers' political opinions, according to a 2021 study in the journal ''[[Security Studies (journal)|Security Studies]]''. Viewers exposed to RT became more likely "to support the withdrawal of the United States "from its role as a cooperative global leader" than those who did not watch RT by 10–20%. "This effect is robust across measures, obtains across party lines, and persists even when we disclose that RT is financed by the Russian government." However, exposure to RT had no measurable "effect on Americans' views of domestic politics or the Russian government."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carter|first1=Erin Baggott|last2=Carter|first2=Brett L.|date=2021|title=Questioning More: RT, Outward-Facing Propaganda, and the Post-West World Order|journal=[[Security Studies (journal)|Security Studies]]|volume=30|pages=49–78|doi=10.1080/09636412.2021.1885730|s2cid=232411445|issn=0963-6412}}</ref>

According to author [[Peter Pomerantsev]], a large audience rating is not RT's principal goal. Their campaigns are "for financial, political and media influence."<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/> RT (and [[Sputnik (news agency)|Sputnik]]) "create the fodder" used by "thousands of fake news propagators" and provide an outlet for material hacked from targets it wishes to harm in the service of Russian (government) interests. RT also serves to make friends with people "useful" to the Russian state, such as [[Michael Flynn]] (retired [[United States Army]] [[Lieutenant general (United States)|lieutenant general]] and dismissed director of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] and [[U.S. National Security Advisor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-national-security-advisers-of-the-United-States-1788874|title=List of national security advisors of the United States|last=Tikkanen|first=Amy|date=September 10, 2019|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=July 12, 2020|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214123429/https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-national-security-advisers-of-the-United-States-1788874|url-status=live}}</ref> in the early days of the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]]) who was paid "a reported $40,000 to come to RT's anniversary celebration in Moscow and sit near Mr. Putin."<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/>

==Programming==
In 2008, Heidi Brown wrote in ''[[Forbes]]'' that "the Kremlin is using charm, good photography and a healthy dose of sex appeal to appeal to a diverse, skeptical audience. The result is entertaining – and ineffably Russian." She added that Russia Today has managed to "get foreigners to at least consider the Russian viewpoint – however eccentric it may be..."<ref>Heidi Brown, [https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/26/putin-russia-today-vote-oped-cz_hb_0227putin.html Springtime (For Putin) In Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419151153/https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/26/putin-russia-today-vote-oped-cz_hb_0227putin.html |date=19 April 2023 }}, [[Forbes]], 27 February 2008.</ref> Matt Field in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists described RT as "applying high-quality graphics and production values to its stories", often focusing "on polarizing issues that aren't necessarily top-of-mind for viewers" and sometimes "strikingly at odds with Russian President Vladimir Putin's own views".<ref name="Field-BAS-15-May-2019">{{cite news |last1=Field |first1=Matt |title=The Russian government-funded TV network's hyperbolic campaign against US 5G |url=https://thebulletin.org/2019/05/the-russian-government-funded-tv-networks-hyperbolic-campaign-against-us-5g/ |access-date=16 May 2019 |agency=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516103419/https://thebulletin.org/2019/05/the-russian-government-funded-tv-networks-hyperbolic-campaign-against-us-5g/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[Tim Dowling]], writing in ''[[The Guardian]]'', "Fringe opinion takes center stage" on RT. "Reporting is routinely bolstered by testimony from experts you have never heard of, representing institutions you have never heard of."<ref name="Dowling-29-11-2017">{{cite news|last1=Dowling|first1=Tim|author-link=Tim Dowling|date=29 November 2017|title=24-hour Putin people: my week watching Kremlin 'propaganda channel' RT|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/29/24-hour-putin-people-my-week-watching-kremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-russia-today|access-date=16 May 2019|archive-date=16 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516003039/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/29/24-hour-putin-people-my-week-watching-kremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-russia-today|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== ''The Alyona Show'' ===

''[[The Alyona Show]]'', hosted by [[Alyona Minkovski]], ran from 2009 to 2012 (when Minkovski left RT to join ''[[The Huffington Post]]''). ''Daily Beast'' writer [[Tracy Quan]] described ''The Alyona Show'' as "one of RT's most popular vehicles".<ref>{{cite web |author=Tracy Quan |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html |title=I Love the Julian Assange Show! |website=The Daily Beast |date=3 July 2012 |access-date=1 November 2012 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023180606/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The New Republic]]'' columnist Jesse Zwick wrote that one journalist told him that Minkovski is "probably the best interviewer on cable news".<ref name="Zwick" /> Benjamin R. Freed wrote in the avant-garde culture magazine ''SOMA'' that "The Alyona Show does political talk with razor-sharp wit."<ref name="soma">{{cite journal |title=Alyona Minkovski: She's Got It! |url=http://www.somamagazine.com/alyona-minkovski/ |journal=SOMA Magazine |volume=25 |issue=4 |first=Benjamin R. |last=Freed |date=September 2011 |access-date=15 December 2011 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203044018/http://www.somamagazine.com/alyona-minkovski/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[David Weigel]] called the show "an in-house attempt at a newsy cult hit" and noted that "her meatiest segments were about government spying, and the Federal Reserve, and America's undeclared wars".<ref name="Weigel" /> Minkovski had complained about being characterized as if she was "Putin's girl in Washington" or as being "anti-American".<ref name="soma" /> After Minkovski argued that [[Glenn Beck]] was "not on the side of America. And the fact that my channel is more honest with the American people is something you should be ashamed of", ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'' writer [[Julia Ioffe]] asked: "since when does Russia Today defend the policies of any American president? Or the informational needs of the American public, for that matter?"<ref name="Ioffe"/>

=== ''Adam vs. the Man'' ===

From April to August 2011, RT ran a half-hour primetime show ''Adam vs. the Man'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110418204433/http://www.adamvstheman.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/AVTM-Press-Release-110403.pdf RT America Launches New Show, Hosted by Former US Marine, Adam Kokesh], press release on [http://www.adamvstheman.com/ Adam vs The Man] web site, 4 April 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adamvstheman.com/blog/episodes/final-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul/|title=Final Episode: East Coast Quake, Libya Rebellion, You The Viewer, Teachers & Social Media, Net Neutrality, Media Blackout on Ron Paul?|date=25 August 2011|publisher=RT|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924074939/http://www.adamvstheman.com/blog/episodes/final-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul|archive-date=24 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="Politico">{{Cite news|title=Ron Paul booster's show cancelled after FEC complaint|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0811/Ron_Paul_boosters_show_cancelled_after_FEC_complaint.html|newspaper=Politico|date=25 August 2011|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-date=25 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025214003/http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0811/Ron_Paul_boosters_show_cancelled_after_FEC_complaint.html|url-status=live}}</ref> hosted by former [[Iraq War]] Marine veteran and high-profile anti-war activist [[Adam Kokesh]]. David Weigel writes that Kokesh defended RT's "propaganda" function, saying "We're putting out the truth that no one else wants to say. I mean, if you want to put it in the worst possible abstract, it's the Russian government, which is a competing protection racket against the other governments of the world, going against the United States and calling them on their bullshit."<ref name="Weigel" />

=== ''World Tomorrow'' ===

Reviewing the first episode of Julian Assange's show ''World Tomorrow'', ''[[The Independent]]'' noted that Assange, who was under [[house arrest]], was "largely deferential" in asking some questions of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, who himself was in hiding. However, he also asked tough questions such as why Nasrallah had not supported Arab revolts against Syrian leaders, when he had supported them in Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, and other countries.<ref name="Taylor" /> ''The New York Times'' journalist Allesandra Stanley wrote that "practically speaking, Mr. Assange is in bed with the Kremlin, but on Tuesday's show he didn't put out" and that he "behaved surprisingly like a standard network interviewer".<ref name="Stanley" /> Douglas Lucas in [[Salon (website)|Salon]] wrote that the RT deal "may just be a profitable way for him to get a gigantic retweet".<ref name="Lucas" /> [[Glenn Greenwald]] wrote that RT presenting the Julian Assange show led to "a predictable wave of snide, smug attacks from American media figures".<ref name="Greenwald">[[Glenn Greenwald]], [http://www.salon.com/2012/04/18/attacks_on_rt_and_assange_reveal_much_about_the_critics/ Attacks on RT and Assange reveal much about the critics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906115129/http://www.salon.com/2012/04/18/attacks_on_rt_and_assange_reveal_much_about_the_critics/ |date=6 September 2012 }}, ''Salon'', 18 April 2012.</ref>
[[File:Abby Martin RT correspondent.png|thumb|''Breaking the Set'' (2012–2015) presenter and [[correspondent]] [[Abby Martin]]]]

=== Other shows ===
Marcin Maczka writes that RT's ample financing has allowed RT to attract experienced journalists and use the latest technology.<ref name="Maczka" /> RT anchors and correspondents tend to concentrate on controversial world issues such as the financial and banking scandals, corporate impact on the global economy, and western demonstrations. It has also aired views by various [[conspiracy theorists]], including [[neo-Nazi]]s, [[white supremacists]], and [[Holocaust deniers]] (presented as "human rights activists").<ref name="Scherr">{{cite web|author=Sonia Scherr|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/russian-tv-channel-pushes-patriot-conspiracy-theories|title=Russian TV Channel Pushes 'Patriot' Conspiracy Theories|work=Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center|date=1 August 2010|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-date=9 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809065125/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/russian-tv-channel-pushes-patriot-conspiracy-theories|url-status=live}}</ref> News from Russia is of secondary importance and such reports emphasize Russian modernisation and economic achievements, as well as Russian culture and natural landscapes, while downplaying Russia's social problems or corruption.<ref name="Heyman" /><ref name="Maczka" />

=== #1917LIVE ===

[[File:Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg|thumb|Russian Telegraph logo]]
In 2017, RT ran a mock [[Twitter|live tweeting]] program under the [[Twitter hashtag|hashtag]] "#1917LIVE" to mark the 100th anniversary of the [[Russian Revolution]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crilley |first1=Rhys |last2=Gillespie |first2=Marie |last3=Willis |first3=Alistair |title=Tweeting the Russian revolution: RT's #1917LIVE and social media re-enactments as public diplomacy |journal=European Journal of Cultural Studies |date=5 October 2019 |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=354–373 |doi=10.1177/1367549419871353 |s2cid=210586923 |language=en}}</ref>

The #1917Live project had multimedia social plug-ins, such as Periscope live streaming, as well as virtual reality panoramic videos.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chatterje-Doody|first1=Precious N|last2=Tolz|first2=Vera|date=14 October 2019|title=Regime legitimation, not nation-building: Media commemoration of the 1917 revolutions in Russia's neo-authoritarian state|journal=European Journal of Cultural Studies|volume=23|issue=3|language=en|pages=335–353|doi=10.1177/1367549419871346|s2cid=201330166|issn=1367-5494|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/67474/1/67474.pdf|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306091003/http://oro.open.ac.uk/67474/1/67474.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Programs===
RT's feature programs include (with presenters parenthesized):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/shows/|title=Shows – RT|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404202747/https://www.rt.com/shows/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/ |website=RT |access-date=21 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145813/https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Current ====
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[P. L. O. Lumumba|Lumumba's]] Africa''
* ''Africa Direct''
* ''Moscow Mules'' ([[Chay Bowes]])
* ''Interview'' (various presenters)
* ''Going Underground'' ([[Afshin Rattansi]])
* ''[[CrossTalk]]'' with [[Peter Lavelle]]
{{anchor|WorldsApart}}
* ''Worlds Apart with [[Oksana Boyko]]''<ref name=Sky-worldsApart-01a>{{cite news|url=https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/worlds-apart-with-oksana-boyko-cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/episodes/season-0/episode-1|title=Worlds Apart with Oksana Boyko|publisher=[[Sky.com]]|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729061509/https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/worlds-apart-with-oksana-boyko-cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/episodes/season-0/episode-1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Inland Visions'' (Sean Thomas){{div col end}}

==== Former ====
RT's former on-air staff included 25 people from RT America.<ref name="RT International" />
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''On the Touchline with [[José Mourinho]]''
* ''Africa Now with Paula Slier''
* ''Starbound'' (Egor Piskunov)
* ''Modus Operandi with Manila Chan''
* ''The Cost of Everything'' (Christy Ai)
* ''The Whistleblowers'' (John Kiriakou)
* ''Perspective with [[Scottie Nell Hughes]]''
* ''Let's Talk Bharat with [[Anupam Kher]]''
* ''Direct Impact with [[Rick Sanchez (journalist)|Rick Sanchez]]''
* ''The 360 View with [[Scottie Nell Hughes]]''
* ''On Contact'' ([[Chris Hedges]])
* ''Renegade Inc.'' ([[Ross Ashcroft]])
* ''[[Keiser Report]]'' ([[Max Keiser]] with [[Stacy Herbert]]) from RT UK
* ''America's Lawyer'' ([[Mike Papantonio]])
* ''Off the grid'' ([[Jesse Ventura]])
* ''Capital Account'' ([[Lauren Lyster]]) from RT America
* ''Why you should care!'' ([[Tim Kirby (radio host)|Tim Kirby]])
* ''Breaking the Set'' ([[Abby Martin]])
* ''In Context'' ([[Peter Lavelle]])
* ''Spotlight'' ([[Aleksandr Gurnov]])
* ''On the Money'' (Peter Lavelle)
* ''[[World Tomorrow]]'' ([[Julian Assange]])
* ''Moscow Out'' ([[Martyn Andrews]])
* ''[[Adam vs. the Man|Adam Kokesh]]''
* ''[[The Alyona Show]]'' ([[Alyona Minkovski]])
* ''[[The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann|The Big Picture]]'' ([[Thom Hartmann]]) from RT America
* ''[[The News with Ed Schultz]]'' ([[Ed Schultz]])
* ''[[Redacted Tonight (RT TV)|Redacted Tonight]]'' ([[Lee Camp (comedian)|Lee Camp]]) from RT America
* ''How to Watch the News with [[Slavoj Žižek]]''
* ''[[Larry King Now]]'' ([[Larry King]]){{div col end}}
* ''[[Sam Delaney's News Thing|News Thing]]'' ([[Sam Delaney]])
* ''[[Watching the Hawks]]'' ([[Tyrel Ventura]], [[Sean Stone]], and [[Tabetha Wallace]])
* ''[[SophieCo]]'' ([[Sophie Shevardnadze]])
* ''[[Sputnik (TV programme)|Sputnik]]'' ([[George Galloway]]) from RT UK
* ''[[Politicking with Larry King|Politicking]]'' (Larry King)
* ''News Views [[Scottie Nell Hughes|Hughes]]''
* ''On the Touchline with [[José Mourinho]]''
* ''In Question''
* ''Raw Take''
* ''[[Interdit d'interdire]]'' ([[Frédéric Taddeï]], resigned)<ref name="Taddeï quit" /> from RT France

===On-air staff===
RT's current on-air staff includes 25 people from RT News, and eight from RT UK.<ref name="RT International onair-talent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/|title=On-Air Talent – RT|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205084953/https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/|url-status=live}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/ |title=RT - Breaking News, Russia News, World News and Video |access-date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205084953/https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/}}</ref> Notable members of RT's current and former staff include:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
;Current

;News Presenters
* [[Eunan O'Neill]]

;Correspondents
* [[Paula Slier]] – Middle East bureau

;Other presenters
* [[George Galloway]] – RT UK bureau

;Business presenters
* [[Stacy Herbert]]
* [[Max Keiser]]

;Documentary presenters
* James Brown – ''Discovering Russia'' (formerly news presenter and host of ''Close-Up Russia'')
{{col-break}}
;Former
* [[Julian Assange]] – host of ''[[World Tomorrow]]''
* [[Jason de la Peña]]
* [[Dmitry Glukhovsky]]
* [[Adam Kokesh]] – host of ''Adam vs. the Man''
* [[Abby Martin]]
* [[Kevin Owen]]
* [[Alyona Minkovski]] – host of ''[[The Alyona Show]]''
* [[Karen Roberts (television presenter)|Karen Roberts]]
* [[Ed Schultz]] – RT America
* [[Liz Wahl]] – Washington, D.C. bureau
{{col-break}}
[[File:Vladimir Putin - Visit to Russia Today television channel 9.jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin with journalists]]
{{col-end}}

==Guests==
[[File:Vladimir Putin interview to RT 6 September 2012.ogv|thumb|Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] RT interview, 6 September 2012]]
According to Jesse Zwick, RT persuades "legitimate experts and journalists" to appear as guests by allowing them to speak at length on issues ignored by larger news outlets. It frequently interviews [[progressivism|progressive]] and [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] academics, intellectuals and writers from organisations like ''[[The Nation]]'', ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'', [[Human Events]], [[Center for American Progress]]<ref name="Zwick" /> and the [[Cato Institute]]<ref name="Weigel"/> who are critical of United States foreign and civil liberties policies.<ref name="Zwick" /> Julian Assange of WikiLeaks and [[Noam Chomsky]], the leftist critic of Western policies are "favorites".<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/> RT also features little-known commentators including anarchists, anti-globalists and left-wing activists.<ref name="Maczka" /> Journalist [[Danny Schechter]] holds that a primary reason for RT's success in the United States is that RT is "a force for diversity" which gives voice to people "who rarely get heard in current mainstream US media".<ref name="Walker" /> Examples of this include "a twelve-minute interview" in March 2010 "with Hank Albarelli, a self-described American 'historian' who claims that the CIA is testing dangerous drugs on unwitting civilians", and RT's asking for commentary on the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]] from "Carl Dix, a representative of the American Revolutionary Communist Party".<ref name="Ioffe"/>

In 2010, journalist and blogger Julia Ioffe described RT as being "provocative just for the sake of being provocative" in its choice of guests and issue topics, featuring a Russian historian who predicted that the United States would soon be dissolved, showing speeches by Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chávez]], reporting on [[homelessness]] in America, and interviewing the chairman of the [[New Black Panther Party]]. She wrote that in attempting to offer "an alternate point of view, it is forced to talk to marginal, offensive, and often irrelevant figures".<ref name="Ioffe"/><ref name=economist-wobbly/> A 2010 [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] report stated that RT extensively covered the "[[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|birther]]" and the "[[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]" conspiracy theories and interviewed militia organizer Jim Stachowiak and [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] [[Jared Taylor]].<ref name="Scherr"/> An [[Al Jazeera English]] article stated that RT has a penchant "for off-beat stories and conspiracy theories".<ref name="Sousa"/> RT Editor-in-Chief [[Margarita Simonyan]] told Nikolaus von Twickel of ''[[The Moscow Times]]'' that RT started to grow once it became provocative and that controversy was vital to the channel. She said that RT's task was not to polish Moscow's reputation.<ref name="vonTwickel"/> The news channel has also been criticized for its lack of objectivity in its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/|website=the algemeiner|access-date=26 May 2016|archive-date=16 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616160655/http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Miko Peled]], the Israeli peace activist who has called the peace process "a process of apartheid & colonization" is a frequent guest on RT.
[[File:Secretary Alan Peter S. Cayetano discusses aspects of Philippine-Russia relations with TV journalist Oksana Boyko.jpg|left|thumb|Worlds Apart host Oksana Boyko with Filipino Foreign Affairs Secretary [[Alan Peter Cayetano]].]]
Notable guests have included [[think tank]] intellectuals like [[Jared Bernstein]],<ref name="Weigel" /> [[John Feffer]] and [[Lawrence Korb]]; journalists and writers [[Jacob Sullum]], [[Pepe Escobar]],<ref name="Zwick" /> and [[Brian Doherty (journalist)|Brian Doherty]],<ref name="Quan" /> and heads of state, including Ecuador's [[Rafael Correa]],<ref name="Quan">{{cite news |author=Tracy Quan |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html |title=I Love the Julian Assange Show! |website=The Daily Beast |date=3 July 2012 |access-date=20 August 2012 |archive-date=21 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821042056/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Syria's [[Bashar al-Assad]].<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/syrias-assad-does-not-see-civil-war-blames-the-west.html Syria's Assad denies civil war, blames the West] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111234232/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/syrias-assad-does-not-see-civil-war-blames-the-west.html |date=11 November 2012 }}, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 9 November 2012.</ref> [[Nigel Farage]], the leader of [[UK Independence Party]] from 2010 to 2016, appeared on RT eighteen times from 2010 to 2014.<ref name="BuzzFeedPSmith" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/mar/31/farage-i-admire-putin|title=Nigel Farage: I admire Vladimir Putin|newspaper=The Guardian|date=31 March 2014|access-date=26 September 2015|archive-date=31 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331170810/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/mar/31/farage-i-admire-putin|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Steve Bannon]] has stated that he has appeared on RT "probably 100 times or more".<ref name="Stone_Gordon_3/20/2017">{{cite web|last1=Stone|first1=Peter|last2=Gordon|first2=Greg|title=FBI's Russian-influence probe includes a look at Breitbart, InfoWars news sites|website=[[The McClatchy Company|McClatchy DC Bureau]]|date=20 March 2017|url=https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/white-house/article139695453.html|access-date=28 September 2018|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124022611/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/white-house/article139695453.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Manuel Ochsenreiter, a [[neo-Nazi]], has repeatedly appeared on RT to represent the German point of view.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/rts-regular-air-german-host-manuel-ochsenreiter-exposed-neo-nazi-editor-1441605|title=RT Host Manuel Ochsenreiter Exposed as Neo-Nazi Editor|last=Mezzofiore|first=Gianluca|date=24 March 2014|newspaper=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=30 November 2014|archive-date=6 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106231225/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/rts-regular-air-german-host-manuel-ochsenreiter-exposed-neo-nazi-editor-1441605|url-status=live}}</ref> RT News has also frequently hosted [[Richard B. Spencer]], an American [[white supremacist]] airing his opinions in support of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/leaders-charlottesvilles-alt-right-protest-all-have-ties-russian-fascist-651384|title=Charlottesville's Alt-Right Leaders Have a Passion for Vladimir Putin|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=16 August 2017|author=Tom Porter|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816233212/https://www.newsweek.com/leaders-charlottesvilles-alt-right-protest-all-have-ties-russian-fascist-651384|url-status=live}}</ref> and has hosted [[Holocaust denier]] [[Ryan Dawson]], presenting him as a [[human rights activist]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTiCCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|title=Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy|first=Marcel H.|last=Van Herpen|isbn=978-1-4422-5361-2|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]]|date=1 October 2015|page=73|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153948/https://books.google.com/books?id=CTiCCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Such figures as [[Alex Jones]], [[Jim Marrs]], [[David Ray Griffin]], and [[Webster Tarpley]] have appeared on RT to advance conspiracy theories about topics such as the [[9/11 conspiracy theories|September 11 attacks]], the [[Bilderberg group#Criticisms and conspiracy theories|Bilderberg group]], and the "New World Order".{{r|Yablokov 2015|p=308|quote=Apart from theories that are well-grounded in historical facts, RT gives a voice to American conspiracy theorists. An example is its active coverage of the Bilderberg Club conference [...] As Alex Jones, one of the proponents of this theory, claimed on RT, the Bilderberg group builds a 'one world corporate fascist government' to exercise global control.}}<ref name="Byford 2011" />
{{Clear}}

== Content ==
[[File:ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections.pdf|page=4|thumb|ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections|link=File:ODNI_Statement_on_Declassified_Intelligence_Community_Assessment_of_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_U.S._Elections.pdf%3Fpage=4]]

RT has presented itself as a global network "like the BBC or France 24", differing from them in offering "alternative views" ignored by the "Western-dominated news media". Many Western countries, in contrast, regard RT not just as a propaganda organ, but as "the slickly produced heart of a broad, often covert disinformation campaign designed to sow doubt about democratic institutions and destabilize the West".<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17">{{cite news |last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven |title=Russia's RT Network: Is It More BBC or K.G.B.? |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/world/europe/russias-rt-network-is-it-more-bbc-or-kgb.html |access-date=14 March 2022 |agency=The New York Times |date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=26 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126005158/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/world/europe/russias-rt-network-is-it-more-bbc-or-kgb.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Steven Erlanger, RT provides "hard news and top-notch graphics" and a "mix with interviews from all sorts of people: well known and obscure, left and right. if there is any unifying character to RT, it is a deep skepticism of Western and American narratives of the world and a fundamental defensiveness about Russia and Mr. Putin."<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/>

RT formerly hosted the leaders of populist European parties such as UKIP's leader Nigel Farage and Marie Le Pen, leader of the French Populist National Rally Party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_putins_friends_in_europe7153/ |title=Putin's friends in Europe |last=Wesslau |first=Fredrik |date=19 October 2016 |website=European Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=11 March 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190624/https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_putins_friends_in_europe7153/ |url-status=live }}</ref> British politician, broadcaster, and writer George Galloway formerly hosted his own TV news programme on RT named "Sputnik: Orbiting the World with George Galloway".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/kremlin-state-television-station-has-its-british-bank-accounts-closed-82pkcz0ll |title=Kremlin television station has its British bank accounts closed |last1=Kennedy |first1=Dominic |last2=Parfitt |first2=Tom |date=17 October 2016 |website=The Sunday Times |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825001435/https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/kremlin-state-television-station-has-its-british-bank-accounts-closed-82pkcz0ll |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Propaganda and related issues ===
RT's editor-in-chief, Margarita Simonyan, has described RT as giving Russia "[[soft power]]", and being the same kind of "tool" for Russia that the "BBC or [[CNN]]" are "for the UK and USA". In 2012, she stated that RT waged "an information war ... with the entire Western world" during the [[Russo-Georgian War]].<ref name="kommersant070412"/><ref name="eu150118"/><ref name="Nimmo" />

Observers have criticized the state-supported/controlled nature of RT as an instrument of propaganda.
In 2005, Pascal Bonnamour, the head of the European department of [[Reporters Without Borders]], called the newly announced network "another step of the state to control information".<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Prokunin|first1=Nikita|last2=Kozenko|first2=Andrey|date=21 October 2005|title=Reporters Without Borders Don't Fancy Russia Today|url=http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=530&id=619775|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207060723/http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=530&id=619775|archive-date=7 December 2010|access-date=11 March 2021|website=[[Kommersant]]}}</ref> In a 2005 interview with U.S. government-owned external broadcaster Voice of America, Russian-Israeli blogger [[Anton Nosik]] said the creation of RT "smacks of [[Soviet propaganda|Soviet-style propaganda]] campaigns".<ref name="VOANew">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-07-06-voa33-66930727/377326.html|title=New Global TV Venture to Promote Russia|date=6 July 2005|publisher=Voice of America|access-date=30 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115030222/http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2005-07-06-voa33-66930727/377326.html|archive-date=15 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, [[Luke Harding (journalist)|Luke Harding]] (then Moscow correspondent for ''The Guardian'') described RT's advertising campaign in the United Kingdom as an "ambitious attempt to create a new post-Soviet global propaganda empire".<ref name="Guardian_Harding_RT" /> In Russia, [[Andrey Illarionov]], former advisor to Vladimir Putin, has called the channel "the best Russian propaganda machine targeted at the outside world".<ref name="Heyman" /><ref name="Maczka" /> Chess grandmaster [[Garry Kasparov]], speaking after the launch of RT America, said: "Russia Today is an extension of the methods and approach of the state-controlled media inside Russia, applied in a bid to influence the American cable audience".<ref name="Kramer"/>

Others have commended its promotion and discussion of issues ignored or just not given enough time by the mainstream news media. In ''[[E-International Relations]]'', researcher Precious N Chatterje-Doody stated that RT viewers tend to recognize RT's state-controlled status, and that they choose to watch RT for its "non-mainstream" story selection and its use of technology. She asserted that if RT broadcast only "blatant propaganda", it would not retain its audience.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chatterje-Doody |first1=Precious N |last2=Sanchez-Salas |first2=Patricia |title=How RT Navigates 'Us' and 'Them' |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2018/10/03/how-rt-russia-today-navigates-us-and-them/ |website=[[E-International Relations]] |date=3 October 2018 |publisher=E-International Relations |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222233752/https://www.e-ir.info/2018/10/03/how-rt-russia-today-navigates-us-and-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
According to Adam Johnson in ''The Nation'' magazine, "while Russia Today toes the Kremlin's line on foreign policy, it also provides an outlet to marginalized issues and voices stateside. RT, for example, has covered the recent prison strikes—the largest in American history—twice. So far CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and Rutenberg's employer, ''The New York Times'', haven't covered them at all. RT aggressively covered Occupy Wall Street early on while the rest of corporate US media were marginalizing from afar (for this effort, RT was nominated for an [[Emmy Award]])."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/whos-afraid-of-russia-today/|title=Who's Afraid of 'Russia Today'?|magazine=The Nation|last=Johnson|first=Adam H.|date=23 September 2016|access-date=15 January 2020|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115200302/https://www.thenation.com/article/whos-afraid-of-russia-today/|url-status=live}}</ref> John Feffer, co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus says he appears on RT as well as the U.S.-funded Voice of America and Radio Free Asia, commented "I've been given the opportunity to talk about military expenditures in a way I haven't been given in U.S. outlets". On the fairness issue, he said: "You're going to find blind spots in the coverage for any news organization".<ref name="Zwick"/>

Among the complaints of RT are the quality of its journalism and general production of "propaganda and disinformation". Graduate students at [[Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism|Columbia School of Journalism]] monitored RT's (US) output for much of 2015, and found "RT ignores the inherent traits of journalism—checking sources, relaying facts, attempting honest reportage" and "you'll find 'experts' lacking in expertise, conspiracy theories without backing, and, from time to time, outright fabrication for the sake of pushing a pro-Kremlin line", according to Casey Michel, who worked on the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/putin-rt-soviet-propaganda-121734|title=Putin's Magnificent Messaging Machine|last=Michel|first=Casey|date=25 August 2015|work=Politico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028024841/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/putin-rt-soviet-propaganda-121734|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=28 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/rt-propaganda-columbia-journalism-students-blog-coverage/26869048.html|title='Propaganda Bullhorn' Or 'Alternative Perspective'? U.S. Students Put Kremlin-Funded RT Under Microscope|last=Schreck|first=Carl|date=25 February 2015|access-date=23 January 2016|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|archive-date=30 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230060103/http://www.rferl.org/content/rt-propaganda-columbia-journalism-students-blog-coverage/26869048.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The results were compiled in a [[Tumblr]] blog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rtwatchcuj.tumblr.com/|title=RT Watch Blog|year=2015|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130074904/http://rtwatchcuj.tumblr.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Media analyst Vasily Gatov wrote in a 2014 ''[[The Moscow Times|Moscow Times]]'' article that sharp ethical and reporting skills are not required for Russian media employees, including RT.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gatov|first=Vasily|date=30 June 2014|title=Russian Journalism is Crippled by Its Cynicism|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/06/30/russian-journalism-is-crippled-by-its-cynicism-a36884|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619100236/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/06/30/russian-journalism-is-crippled-by-its-cynicism-a36884|url-status=live}}</ref> A study of RT bulletins from 2017 to 2019 found that RT prioritized coverage of protests in Europe and military exercises in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gragnai |first1=Juliana |last2=Korenyuk |first2=Maria |date=2025-08-24 |title=How Russia is trying to win over the world beyond the West |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm2vr37yd4no |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> RT was [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 295#RfC: RT (Russia Today)|deprecated]] by the [[Wikipedia community]] as an unreliable source of information, with consensus being that it is "a mouthpiece of the Russian government that engages in propaganda and disinformation."

In a 2022 research paper comparing RT and [[China Global Television Network|CGTN]]'s coverage of the [[2020 United States presidential election]], Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of [[King's College London]] conceptualized RT as operating using a "partisan parasite" propaganda model, noting that it "often covers topics and people that would mainly be familiar to US audiences, but which are of little international salience or relevance", and that it rarely covers Russia except through the lens of U.S. politics. They also noted: "Its content selection, partisan framing and vernacular style is similar to right-wing US outlets like [[Fox News]], [[Newsmax]] and [[One America News Network]]."<ref name="Moore-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Martin |last2=Colley |first2=Thomas |date=2022-06-13 |title=Two International Propaganda Models: Comparing RT and CGTN's 2020 US Election Coverage |journal=[[Journalism Practice]] |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=1306–1328 |doi=10.1080/17512786.2022.2086157 |issn=1751-2786 |s2cid=249696725 |doi-access=free |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/176161192/Two_International_Propaganda_Models_MOORE_Accepted30May2022_GREEN_AAM.pdf |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616063627/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/176161192/Two_International_Propaganda_Models_MOORE_Accepted30May2022_GREEN_AAM.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

RT has been accused of different approaches to disinformation:
* Focusing on "presenting a negative picture of the United States and 'the West'", rather than extolling "Russia's virtues directly", publishing conspiracy theories about the West, criticizing U.S. influence abroad, and presenting Russia as "a 'global underdog'" to U.S. hegemony. (Michael Dukalskis in his 2021 book on tactics used by authoritarian regimes to construct a positive image of their regimes).<ref name=Dukalskis-dictatorship/>
* Normally giving reporters and presenters considerable latitude, and saving straight-up pro-Russian government "message control" (propaganda), for "highly sensitive issues", such as the [[Russo-Georgian War]] or [[Mikhail Khodorkovsky#Criminal charges and incarceration|the trial of Mikhail Khodorkovsky]], (Julia Ioffe).<ref name="Ioffe"/>
* Functioning in some circumstances, (like the 2016 U.S. presidential election), as a part of a larger Russian disinformation apparatus with the goal of undermining "public faith in the U.S. democratic process," and damaging enemies (like Hillary Clinton). RT and other state-funded Russian media, publicize "real information, some open and some hacked" (i.e. stolen), along with "false reports" they've created. These are "amplified on social media, sometimes by computer bots that send out thousands of Facebook and Twitter messages." (Steven Erlanger, quoting U.S. agencies).<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/>
* Only rarely taking a "single, anti-Western media line on any given story", which would be "too obvious". Instead, presenting "gaggles of competing and contradicting narratives which together create the impression that the truth is indecipherable". (Lithuania's STRATCOM Colonel).<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the Colonel in Charge of Countering Russian Propaganda in Lithuania|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-colonel-in-charge-of-countering-russian-propaganda-in-lithuania/|website=Vice News|date=24 May 2015|access-date=5 July 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919083116/https://news.vice.com/article/meet-the-colonel-in-charge-of-countering-russian-propaganda-in-lithuania|url-status=live}}</ref> RT's "main message is that you cannot trust the western media". It seems "dedicated to the proposition that after the notion of objectivity has evaporated, all stories are equally true." (Peter Pomerantsev, writing in ''The Guardian'' in 2015)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/09/kremlin-hall-of-mirrors-military-information-psychology|title=Inside the Kremlin's hall of mirrors|last=Pomerantsev|first=Peter|date=9 April 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=15 April 2015|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102122506/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/09/kremlin-hall-of-mirrors-military-information-psychology|url-status=live}}</ref> Using a strategy of distributing fake stories in "high-volume and multichannel, rapid, continuous, and repetitive" manner, with no regard to consistency. This "[[firehose of falsehood]]" makes propaganda difficult to counter. (Christopher Paul, Miriam Matthews of [[RAND Corporation]]).<ref>{{cite web|year=2016|author=Paul, Christopher |author2=Matthews, Miriam|title=Russia's "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html|website=[[RAND Corporation]]|language=en|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813221858/https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Though viewers may still oppose Russian policy and dislike Putin, RT's goal is for "a bit" of disinformation mud to "stick" to viewers and their doubts about Western institutions to grow. (Robert Pszczel, who ran NATO's information office in Moscow and watches Russia and the western Balkans for NATO.)<ref name="Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17"/>
* Pushing different themes in different countries, which are often contradictory but all serve the Russian government's interests:
** presenting itself as a liberal alternative in the United States, but as the flagship of resurgent [[Nationalism|nationalist]] parties in Europe. (Patrick Hilsman)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2015/05/06/russia-today-rt-putin-holocaust-ultra-right/35844|title=Have you been watching Russian government propaganda?|last=Hilsman|first=Patrick|website=The Seattle Globalist|date=6 May 2015|access-date=8 December 2015|archive-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209002945/http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2015/05/06/russia-today-rt-putin-holocaust-ultra-right/35844|url-status=live}}</ref>
** warning domestic Russian audiences of the dangers of COVID-19 and the need for preventive measures, while saturating English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms with [[COVID-19 misinformation]] and conspiracy theories.<ref name=@DFRLab/><ref name=meduza.io-two-faces/><ref name="RFE/RT-27-10-21"/>
** RT (and other Russian propaganda media) may broadcast different "themes or messages", different accounts of "contested events", and may change their account (their "falsehood or misrepresentation") if it is "exposed or ... not well received", moving "on to a new (though not necessarily more plausible) explanation".<ref name=RAND/> An example being Russian media explanations for killing of 283 passengers and 15 crew from the downing of [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17]] on 17 July 2014 while the plane was flying over pro-Russian [[Novorossiya (confederation)|separatist-controlled territory]] in Ukraine. The [[Dutch Safety Board]] (DSB) and the Dutch-led [[#Criminal investigation|joint investigation team]] (JIT), concluded that the airliner was downed by a Russian [[Buk missile system|Buk]] [[surface-to-air missile]] launched from the separatist-controlled territory,<ref name="DSB_Final_Report">{{cite report |url=https://www.onderzoeksraad.nl/en/media/attachment/2018/7/10/debcd724fe7breport_mh17_crash.pdf |title=Crash of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 Hrabove, Ukraine, 17 July 2014 |publisher=[[Dutch Safety Board]] |date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013141325/http://cdn.onderzoeksraad.nl/documents/report-mh17-crash-en.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/oct/13/mh17-crash-report-ukraine-live-updates |title=MH17 crash report: Dutch investigators confirm Buk missile hit plane – live updates |last=Weaver |first=Matthew |date=13 October 2015 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-date=4 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004044709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/oct/13/mh17-crash-report-ukraine-live-updates |url-status=live }}</ref> and American, German, Dutch and Australia investigations held Russia responsible. Russian media ([[Life (news agency, Russia)|LifeNews]]) first reported separatists had shot down a "Ukrainian Air Force [[An-26]] transport plane" with a missile, calling it "a new victory for the Donetsk militia".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/russian/features-37496581 |title=Катастрофа MH17: как менялись версии российских СМИ |trans-title=Disaster of MH17: how the versions of the Russian media changed |last=Bugorkova |first=Olga |date=28 September 2016 |newspaper=[[BBC Russian Service]] |language=ru |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929180842/http://www.bbc.com/russian/features-37496581 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/when-russia-backed-forces-boasted-they-shot-down-a-ukrainian-military-plane-that-was-actually-mh17/30056279.html |title='Birdie' Down: The First, Damning Hours After MH17 Was Shot Out Of The Sky |last=Schreck |first=Carl |date=15 July 2019 |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=17 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217180929/https://www.rferl.org/a/when-russia-backed-forces-boasted-they-shot-down-a-ukrainian-military-plane-that-was-actually-mh17/30056279.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lifenews 136801">{{cite web |url=http://lifenews.ru/news/136801 |script-title=ru:Ополченцы сообщили о сбитом Ан-26 на востоке Украины |date=17 July 2014 |website=LifeNews |language=ru |quote=On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at about 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky |access-date=17 July 2014 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314090204/http://lifenews.ru/news/136801 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, after it was clear the plane was civilian, offering a variety of theories of how the Ukrainian military was responsible.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rietjens|first=Sebastiaan|date=2019-09-02|title=Unraveling Disinformation: The Case of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17|journal=The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs|volume=21|issue=3|page=203|doi=10.1080/23800992.2019.1695666|s2cid=214368984|issn=2380-0992}}</ref> One theory offered and later discarded by RT was that the airliner may have been shot down by Ukraine in a failed attempt to assassinate Vladimir Putin, in a plot which was organised by Ukraine's "Western backers". (However Putin's flight route was hundreds of kilometres north of Ukraine.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.co.id/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7/ |title=Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Malaysia Airlines Crash |last1=Szoldra |first1=Paul |website=Business Insider |date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720054152/http://www.businessinsider.co.id/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7/ |archive-date=20 July 2014}}</ref>

=== Disinformation and conspiracy theories ===

Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of [[disinformation]]<ref name="disinformation" /> and [[conspiracy theories]].<ref name="conspiracy theories" />

In 2010, ''[[The Economist]]'' magazine observed that RT's programming, while sometimes interesting and unobjectionable, and sometimes "hard-edged", also presents "wild conspiracy theories" that can be regarded as "kooky".<ref name="economist-wobbly">{{cite news |date=6 July 2010 |title=Airwaves wobbly |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/07/russia_today_goes_mad |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613004512/http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/07/russia_today_goes_mad |url-status=live }}</ref>

A 2013 article in ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' said that RT "uses a chaotic mixture of conspiracy theories and crude propaganda", pointing to a program that "mutated" the [[Boston Marathon bombing]] into a U.S. government conspiracy.<ref name="SpiegelBidder">{{cite news|author=Benjamin Bidder|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/putin-fights-war-of-images-and-propaganda-with-russia-today-channel-a-916162.html|title=Putin's Weapon in the War of Images|work=Der Spiegel|date=13 August 2013|access-date=14 August 2013|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222001148/http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/putin-fights-war-of-images-and-propaganda-with-russia-today-channel-a-916162.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The launch of [[RT UK]] was the subject of much comment in the British press in late 2014.<ref name=BBCMonitoring>{{cite news|last=Ennis|first=Stephen|title=Russia's global media operation under the spotlight|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363|work=[[BBC News]]|date=16 November 2014|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421080945/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363|url-status=live}}</ref> In ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Nick Cohen]] accused the channel of consciously spreading conspiracy theories and of being a "prostitution of journalism".<ref>{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Nick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/08/russia-today-western-cynics-lap-up-putins-tv-poison|title=Russia Today: why western cynics lap up Putin's TV poison|work=The Observer|date=8 November 2014|access-date=10 August 2021|quote=Russia Today's second mission is to spread conspiracy theories that help Russian power and provide sensational audience-grabbing stories – in every sense of the word.|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810092459/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/08/russia-today-western-cynics-lap-up-putins-tv-poison|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Oliver Kamm]], a columnist for ''[[The Times]]'', called on British broadcasting regulator [[Ofcom]] to act against this "den of deceivers".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamm|first=Oliver|url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/we-cannot-allow-russia-today-to-get-away-with-its-lies-lk6t8tq6f69|title=We cannot allow Russia Today to get away with its lies|work=The Times|date=31 October 2014|access-date=10 August 2021|quote=Ofcom should rigorously apply its own code to this den of deceivers.|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810093636/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/we-cannot-allow-russia-today-to-get-away-with-its-lies-lk6t8tq6f69|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Journalists at ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' have observed that RT employs Tony Gosling, an exponent of long-discredited conspiracy theories concerning the alleged control of the world by [[Illuminati]] and the Czarist [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] forgery ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]''.<ref name=Holland>{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Adam|title=Russia Today Has an Illuminati Correspondent. Really.|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/08/russia-today-has-an-illuminati-correspondent-really.html?via=mobile&source=twitter|access-date=9 July 2015|website=Daily Beast|date=8 July 2015|archive-date=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710231506/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/08/russia-today-has-an-illuminati-correspondent-really.html?via=mobile&source=twitter|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Drezner>{{cite news|first=Daniel W.|last=Drezner|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/09/confessions-of-an-american-illuminati/?hpid=z3|title=Confessions of an American Illuminati|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 March 2015|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713024920/http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/09/confessions-of-an-american-illuminati/?hpid=z3|url-status=live}}</ref>

RT has broadcast stories about microchips being implanted into office workers in the EU to make them more "submissive"; about the "majority" of Europeans supporting [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian annexation of Crimea]]; the EU preparing "a form of genocide" against Russians; in Germany it [[Criminal case of Lisa F.|falsely reported about a kidnapping of a Russian girl]]; that "NATO planned to store nuclear weapons in Eastern Europe"; that Hillary Clinton fell ill; it has also on many occasions misrepresented or invented statements from European leaders.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://euvsdisinfo.eu/inside-rts-world-of-alternative-news/|title=Inside RT's world of alternative news|date=13 April 2017|work=EU vs Disinformation|access-date=23 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=10 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193015/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/inside-rts-world-of-alternative-news/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://euvsdisinfo.eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media/|title=Everyone Against Russia: Conspiracy Theories on the Rise In Russian Media|date=22 May 2018|work=EU vs Disinformation|access-date=23 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915141148/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html|title=A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories|date=28 August 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 May 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618150336/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Timberg|first=Craig|date=24 November 2016|title=Russian propaganda effort helped spread 'fake news' during election, experts say|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/russian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say/2016/11/24/793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html|access-date=24 May 2018|issn=0190-8286|quote=Some of these stories originated with RT and Sputnik, state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports, the researchers say. On other occasions, RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online, causing news algorithms to identify them as "trending" topics that sometimes prompted coverage from mainstream American news organizations.|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/russian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say/2016/11/24/793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, RT started its own [[fact-checking]] project, FakeCheck, in response to accusations of spreading fake news.<ref name="Oremus-2017" /><ref name="Poynter-2017" /> The [[Poynter Institute]] conducted a content analysis of FakeCheck and concluded it "mixes some legitimate debunks with other scantily sourced or dubiously framed 'fact checks.'"<ref name="Poynter-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2017/is-russia-today-a-legitimate-fact-checker-we-did-the-math/|title=Is Russia Today a legitimate fact-checker? We did the math.|website=Poynter|date=27 July 2017|language=en|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223946/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2017/is-russia-today-a-legitimate-fact-checker-we-did-the-math/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ben Nimmo of the [[Atlantic Council]]'s Digital Forensic Research Lab found that four out of nine articles published in its first two weeks contained "inaccuracies and possible bias with irrelevant or insufficient evidence."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Luiz |date=August 8, 2022 |title=How 'War on Fakes' uses fact-checking to spread pro-Russia propaganda |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/aug/08/how-war-fakes-uses-fact-checking-spread-pro-russia/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |language=en-US |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610035826/https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/aug/08/how-war-fakes-uses-fact-checking-spread-pro-russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From the time of the [[2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine|2014 pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine]] RT has repeatedly been exposed for producing [[fake news]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://khpg.org/en/1405478412|title=Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted|date=15 July 2014|access-date=25 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053348/https://khpg.org/en/1405478412|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the channel was involved in a fake news scandal about a 'Putin burger' it claimed was on the menu in a New York diner, to celebrate the birthday of the Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]]. The 'Putin burger' story was quickly exposed as a fabrication, and RT removed it from their site.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bennetts |first=Marc |date=9 October 2017 |title=High steaks: the Vladimir Putin birthday burger that never existed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/high-steaks-the-vladimir-putin-birthday-burger-that-never-existed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921231937/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/high-steaks-the-vladimir-putin-birthday-burger-that-never-existed |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

When caught publishing false information, RT has frequently deleted the material from their site and made no further comment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://khpg.org/en/1405478412|title=Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted|date=16 July 2014|access-date=28 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053348/https://khpg.org/en/1405478412|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, the Centre for Democratic Integrity (CDI) published a comprehensive report "RT in Europe and beyond" which in detail describes disinformation and divisive activities of RT against European audience with focus on regional editions (French, Spanish, German, British), documenting specific disinformation campaigns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RT in Europe and beyond |url=https://democratic-integrity.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/RT_in_Europe_and_beyond-CDI_Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914115733/https://democratic-integrity.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/RT_in_Europe_and_beyond-CDI_Report.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-14 |access-date=2022-09-14}}</ref>

In 2022, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of [[King's College London]] noted that RT's coverage of the [[2020 United States presidential election]] was anti-[[Joe Biden]] and pro-Trump, with RT promoting the [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|Trump campaign]]'s unfounded claims that Biden was the head of a "crime family", as well as allegations that Biden's son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]] [[Hunter Biden laptop controversy|made corrupt business deals in Ukraine and China]] and possessed pictures of underage girls. RT also questioned Joe Biden's fitness for office and promoted unfounded rumors that he could only debate effectively with the use of headpieces and/or performance-enhancing drugs. Following the election, RT uncritically promoted Trump's [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|unfounded claims of electoral fraud]], and Moore and Colley noted that in its coverage of the electoral process, RT claimed that the process was "dysfunctional, fraudulent or futile".<ref name="Moore-2022" />

=== Treatment of Putin and Medvedev ===

A 2007 article in ''The Christian Science Monitor'' stated that RT reported on the good job Putin was doing in the world and next to nothing on things like the conflict in Chechnya or the murder of government critics.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weir|first=Fred|date=2007-03-08|title=Russian bid to counter Western criticism|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0308/p07s02-woeu.html|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|publication-place=Moscow|access-date=29 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201193903/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0308/p07s02-woeu.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2010 report by ''The Independent'', RT journalists have said that coverage of sensitive issues in Russia is allowed, but direct criticism of Vladimir Putin or President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] was not.<ref name="Walker" /> Masha Karp wrote in ''[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]]'' magazine that contemporary Russian issues "such as the suppression of free speech and peaceful demonstrations, or the economic inefficiency and corrupt judiciary, are either ignored or their significance played down".<ref>Masha Karp [http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/2709 "Counterpoints: KGB TV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525143432/http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/2709 |date=25 May 2012 }}, ''Standpoint'', March 2010</ref> In 2008, Stephen Heyman wrote in ''The New York Times'' that in RT's Russia, "corruption is not quite a scourge but a symptom of a developing economy".<ref name="Heyman" />

=== Anti-Americanism and anti-Westernism ===
[[File:George Floyd protests and memorial in Iran (8).jpg|thumb|RT reporter covering the [[George Floyd protests]] in Iran in June 2020]]
''[[The New Republic]]'' writer [[James Kirchick]] accused the network of "often virulent [[anti-Americanism]], worshipful portrayal of Russian leaders".<ref name="Kirchick">{{cite news|last=Kirchick|first=James|title=Pravda on the Potomac (page 2)|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/pravda-the-potomac|newspaper=The New Republic|date=18 February 2009|access-date=11 March 2017|archive-date=16 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016155148/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/pravda-the-potomac|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Edward Lucas (journalist)|Edward Lucas]] wrote in ''[[The Economist]]'' (quoted in [[Al Jazeera English]]) that the core of RT was "anti-Westernism".<ref name="Sousa">{{cite news|last=Sousa|first=Ann De|title=News channel or propaganda tool?|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/listeningpost/2011/03/201132714649315858.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=26 January 2012|access-date=31 October 2012|archive-date=2 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202121702/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/listeningpost/2011/03/201132714649315858.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Julia Ioffe wrote: "Often, it seemed that Russia Today was just a way to stick it to the U.S. from behind the façade of legitimate newsgathering."<ref name="Ioffe"/> Shaun Walker wrote in ''[[The Independent]]'' that RT "has made a name for itself as a strident critic of US policy".<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|title=Assange takes chat-show job with state-funded Russian TV|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/assange-takes-chatshow-job-with-statefunded-russian-tv-6294553.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=26 January 2012|access-date=10 September 2017|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925185629/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/assange-takes-chatshow-job-with-statefunded-russian-tv-6294553.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alessandra Stanley]] wrote in ''The New York Times'' that RT is "like the Voice of America, only with more money and a zesty anti-American slant".<ref name="Stanley"/> [[David Weigel]] writes that RT goes further than merely creating distrust of the United States government, to saying, in effect: "You can trust the Russians more than you can trust those bastards."<ref name="Weigel"/>

Russian studies professor [[Stephen F. Cohen]] stated in 2012 that RT does a lot of stories that "reflect badly" on the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and much of Western Europe and that they are "particularly aggrieved by American sermonizing abroad". Citing that RT compares stories about Russia allowing mass protests of the [[2011–2012 Russian protests|2011–2012 Russian election protests]] with those of U.S. authorities nationwide arresting members of the [[Occupy movement]]. Cohen states that despite the pro-Kremlin slant, "any intelligent viewer can sort this out. I doubt that many idiots find their way to RT".<ref name="Zwick">{{cite magazine|last=Zwick|first=Jesse|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/world/magazine/101703/russia-tv-rtv-cohen-alyona|title=Pravda Lite|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|date=14 March 2012|access-date=14 February 2017|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153831/https://newrepublic.com/article/101703/russia-tv-rtv-cohen-alyona|url-status=live}}.</ref>

RT America has described journalists as "Russiagate conspiracy theorists" for covering Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report on Russian interference in the 2016 election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/26/youtube-recommended-russian-media-site-above-all-others-analysis-mueller-report-watchdog-group-says/|title=YouTube recommended a Russian media site thousands of times for analysis of Mueller's report, a watchdog group says|year=2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=26 April 2019|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426161050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/26/youtube-recommended-russian-media-site-above-all-others-analysis-mueller-report-watchdog-group-says/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Russian journalist, former press secretary of the head of the UN Mission in South Africa, Yuri Sigov, wrote that when covering Canada, Russia Today presents information selectively. This is almost always negative information aimed at fulfilling political orders.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sigov|first=Yuri|date=2020|title=Канада в Российских Сми: Мифы и Реалии|trans-title=Canada in the Russian Media: Myths and Realities|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44263533|journal=Россия И Канада: Возможности Для Сотрудничества|language=ru|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=[[Saint Petersburg State University of Economics]]|page=110|via=eLibrary.Ru}}</ref>

=== Israeli–Palestinian conflict ===
RT, particularly the former RT presenter [[Abby Martin]], has been accused of being anti-Israel and pro-Palestinian by ''[[The Algemeiner]]'' and [[Israel National News]].<ref name="israel-methods">{{cite news|author=Rachel Hirshfeld|title=Russia Today Accuses Israel of Using 'Hitler Methods'|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164876|access-date=8 October 2013|date=4 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125458/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164876|archive-date=October 6, 2014|work=Israel National News}}</ref><ref name="rt-anti-israel">{{cite news|author=Lakkana Nanayakkara|title=Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/|access-date=8 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Algemeiner]]|date=22 November 2012}}</ref> Israeli foreign minister [[Avigdor Lieberman]] made a complaint{{clarify|date=April 2021}} to Putin at their official meeting in 2012.<ref name=rt-anti-israel-complaint>{{cite news|author=Barak Ravid|title=Lieberman complained to Putin over Russian TV's 'anti-Israel' reporting|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lieberman-complained-to-putin-over-russian-tv-s-anti-israel-reporting-1.454787|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925082236/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lieberman-complained-to-putin-over-russian-tv-s-anti-israel-reporting-1.454787|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 September 2012|access-date=8 October 2013|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]|date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

=== Climate change denial ===
In November 2021, a study by the [[Center for Countering Digital Hate]] described RT as being among "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook user interactions with content that denied climate change. Facebook disputed the study's methodology.<ref name="Porterfield_11/2/2021">{{cite web|last=Porterfield|first=Carlie|date=November 2, 2021|title=Breitbart Leads Climate Change Misinformation On Facebook, Study Says|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/11/02/breitbart-leads-climate-change-misinformation-on-facebook-study-says/|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zakrzewski |first=Cat |date=2 November 2021 |title=Breitbart has outsize influence over climate change denial on Facebook, report says |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/11/02/facebook-climate-change-misinformation-breitbart/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021">{{cite web | date=November 2, 2021 | title=The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial | publisher=[[Center for Countering Digital Hate]] | url=https://www.counterhate.com/toxicten | access-date=November 3, 2021 }}</ref>

=== COVID-19 misinformation ===
Compared to RT's coverage of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] for its viewers in Russia, RT's coverage of the pandemic for its international viewers was saturated with [[COVID-19 misinformation]] and conspiracy theories. RT urged domestic Russian audiences to vaccinate and wear [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|masks]] to prevent COVID-19, while advocating against virus-prevention measures on its English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms.<ref name=@DFRLab/><ref name=meduza.io-two-faces/><ref name="RFE/RT-27-10-21">{{cite news |last1=Current Time |title=The Two Faces Of RT: Russia's Competing COVID Narratives |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/opposing-rt-narratives-covid/31530613.html |access-date=12 March 2022 |agency=RFE/RT |date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="SIO-9-6-20">{{cite web |last1=Bush |first1=Daniel |title=Virality Project (Russia): Penguins and Protests |url=https://cyber.fsi.stanford.edu/io/news/penguins-and-protests-rt-and-coronavirus-pandemic |website=Stanford Internet Observatory |access-date=12 March 2022 |date=9 June 2020}}</ref>

== Responses ==
=== States ===
{{Flag|European Union}} – Sanctions against [[Dmitry Kiselyov]], the head of Russia's state-controlled [[Rossiya Segodnya]] and RT television presenter, have been in place since the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|2014 invasion and annexation]] of Ukraine's Crimea. The [[Council of the European Union|EU Council]] cites Kiselyov to be a "central figure of the government propaganda supporting the deployment of Russian forces in Ukraine". Initially, Russian state-owned media outlets were not banned and continued to be available in the EU, with the exception of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hille|first=Kathrin|date=21 March 2014|title=Dmitry Kiselyov: Russian TV presenter draws EU sanctions wrath|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3af01860-b111-11e3-9f6f-00144feab7de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918083422/https://www.ft.com/content/3af01860-b111-11e3-9f6f-00144feab7de|archive-date=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=21 March 2014|title=Concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0284&from=PL|journal=[[Official Journal of the European Union]]|volume=|pages=|via=EUR-Lex}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EU restrictive measures in response to the crisis in Ukraine|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/ukraine-crisis/|access-date=14 January 2020|website=[[Europa (web portal)]]|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829045412/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/ukraine-crisis/}}</ref> The [[European Parliament]] Special Committee on Foreign Interference in all Democratic Processes in the European Union, including Disinformation (INGE) described RT as "actively engaging in disinformation activities" and highlighted that RT and [[Sputnik (news agency)|Sputnik]] are pushing local broadcasters in Europe off from the market thanks to massive funding from Russian Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=INGE Consolidated Draft Report {{!}} Highlights {{!}} Home {{!}} INGE {{!}} Committees {{!}} European Parliament|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/inge-consolidated-draft-report/product-details/20220210CAN64946|access-date=2022-02-14|website=www.europarl.europa.eu|language=en}}</ref> Editor-in-chief [[Margarita Simonyan]] was sanctioned by the European Union on 23 February 2022 when Russia recognized the [[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]] breakaway states.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stevis-Gridneff |first1=Matina |title=European Sanctions Target Putin's Inner Circle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/23/world/europe/eu-sanctions-putin-russia-ukraine.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=23 February 2022}}</ref> On 27 February 2022, the EU banned RT and Sputnik from broadcasting in its member countries, following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name="CBS2022"/>

{{flag|Australia}} – [[Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts|Minister for Communications]] [[Paul Fletcher (politician)|Paul Fletcher]] requested the partially Australian government funded [[public service broadcaster]] [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]] suspend broadcasts of RT and [[NTV (Russia)|NTV]] news programming on its [[World Watch]] platform. Fletcher stated, "Given the current actions of the Russian government {{bracket|[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]}}, and the lack of genuinely independent Russian media, this is a responsible decision." SBS suspended the aforementioned broadcasts on 25 February 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement from SBS regarding acquired Russian TV news programming|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/statement-from-sbs-regarding-acquired-russian-tv-news-programming|website=SBS Corporate|date=25 February 2022|publisher=Special Broadcasting Service|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227131821/https://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/statement-from-sbs-regarding-acquired-russian-tv-news-programming}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7636290/sbs-suspends-russian-state-media-outlets/|title=SBS suspends Russian state media outlets|date=25 February 2022|website=The Canberra Times}}</ref> The RT channel was removed from Australian pay TV provider [[Foxtel]]'s listings the next day due to concerns about the situation in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/foxtel-strips-russia-today-from-its-platforms-over-concern-of-its-content-on-the-ukraine-invasion/news-story/4050256fefef93681b240314893fac8c|title=Foxtel strips Russia Today from its platforms over concern of its content on the Ukraine invasion|date=26 February 2022|website=The Australian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/02/foxtel-pulls-russia-today-channel-off-air.html|title=Foxtel pulls Russia Today channel off air|date=26 February 2022|website=TV Tonight}}</ref>

{{flag|Canada}} – On 16 March 2022, the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] banned RT and RT France from broadcasting in Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/crtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929|title=CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves|last=Zimonjic|first=Peter|work=CBC News|date=2022-03-16|access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref>

{{flag|Germany}} – After failing to obtain a broadcast license compliant with the {{ill|State Media Treaty|de|Medienstaatsvertrag}}, [[RT DE]] was banned in Germany by the {{ill|Commission for Licensing and Supervision|de|Kommission für Zulassung und Aufsicht}} (ZAK) on 2 February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia to target German media in response to German ban on RT TV |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/russia-target-german-media-response-german-ban-rt-tv-2022-02-02/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=en |date=2 February 2022}}</ref> The Russian [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] responded with "retaliatory measures" to remove German broadcaster [[Deutsche Welle]] from Russia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roth |first1=Andrew |title=Russia to expel German broadcaster after RT blocked in Germany |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/03/russia-to-expel-german-broadcaster-after-rt-banned-in-germany |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=en |date=3 February 2022}}</ref>

{{flag|Gibraltar}} – Chief Minister [[Fabian Picardo]] requested a nationwide ban of RT on 25 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing RT as "a dangerous source of disinformation that Gibraltar cannot accept on its networks". Television providers in Gibraltar agreed to suspend broadcasts of RT.<ref>{{cite web |title=RT broadcasts suspended on Rock as Govt tightens visa rules for Russians |url=https://www.chronicle.gi/rt-broadcasts-suspended-on-rock-as-govt-tightens-visa-rules-for-russians/ |website=[[Gibraltar Chronicle]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |language=en |date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

{{flag|Latvia}} – At the end of June 2020, after new amendments to the Law on Electronic Media were made, seven RT channels were banned in Latvia for being under the control of [[Dmitry Kiselyov]] who had been sanctioned by the European Union since 2014. Chairperson of the National Electronic Mass Media Council Ivars Āboliņš said they will be asking all EU state regulators to follow their example and restrict RT in their territory.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.neplpadome.lv/en/home/news/news1/neplp-restricts-most-influential-kremlins-propaganda-channel-in-latvia.html|title=NEPLP restricts most influential Kremlin's propaganda channel in Latvia|publisher=The National Electronic Mass Media Council|date=30 June 2020|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701155301/https://www.neplpadome.lv/en/home/news/news1/neplp-restricts-most-influential-kremlins-propaganda-channel-in-latvia.html}}</ref><ref name="Latvia ban">{{cite news |last=Anstrate |first=Vita |date=30 June 2020 |title=Kremlin propaganda channel "RT" banned in Latvia |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]] |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/kremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-banned-in-latvia.a365523/ |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref> Kiselyov called the decision "an indicator of the level of stupidity and ignorance of the Latvian authorities, blinded by Russophobia".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gelzis|first1=Gederts|last2=Marrow|first2=Alexander|last3=Devitt|first3=Polina|others=Alexandra Hudson (ed.)|date=30 June 2020|title=Latvia bans Russian broadcaster RT over ties to Kremlin media mogul|work=[[Reuters]]|editor-last=Fulton|editor-first=Colm|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-latvia-russia-rt/latvia-bans-russian-broadcaster-rt-over-ties-to-kremlin-media-mogul-idUSKBN24133K|access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

{{flag|Lithuania}} – [[Linas Antanas Linkevičius]], Lithuania's Minister of Foreign Affairs, posted on Twitter on 9 March 2014 amid the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], "Russia Today propaganda machine is no less destructive than military marching in Crimea".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LinkeviciusL/status/442607548303425536|title=Linas Linkevicius on Twitter|via=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Veebel|first=Viljar|title=Estonia Confronts Propaganda: Russia Manipulates Media in Pursuit of Psychological Warfare|url=https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/4bd57718-948d-4413-bddf-2c3c817a5df7?lang=ENG#|journal=Per Concordiam|volume=7|page=35|issn=2166-322X|via=Estonian Research Information System}}</ref> It was banned by the Radio and Television Commission of Lithuania on 8 July 2020.<ref name="Lithuania ban">{{Cite web|date=8 July 2020|title=Radijo ir televizijos komisija uždraudė Lietuvoje retransliuoti RT programas|url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1195699/radijo-ir-televizijos-komisija-uzdraude-lietuvoje-retransliuoti-rt-programas|access-date=8 July 2020|website=lrt.lt|language=lt}}</ref> The decision of both Latvian and Lithuanian authorities was criticised by [[Reporters Without Borders]] as "misuse of the EU sanctions policy".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsf.org/en/news/baltic-countries-misusing-eu-sanctions-ban-russian-tv-channels-not-legitimate-tool-promoting|title=Baltic countries: Misusing EU sanctions to ban Russian TV channels is not a legitimate tool for promoting reliable information|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]|date=10 July 2020|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>

{{flag|Poland}} – The [[Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji|National Broadcasting Council]] banned RT in Poland on 24 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="Poland ban">{{cite web |title=Rosyjskie programy wykreślone z rejestru programów rozprowadzanych |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/krrit/rosyjskie-programy-wykreslone-z-rejestru-programow-rozprowadzanych |publisher=[[Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji|National Broadcasting Council]] |language=pl-PL |trans-title=Russian programs removed from the distributed program registry }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kayali |first1=Laura |last2=Goujard |first2=Clothilde |title=Europe increases pressure on Kremlin-backed broadcaster RT |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/western-europe-increases-pressure-on-kremlin-backed-broadcaster-rt/ |website=[[Politico Europe]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

{{flag|Ukraine}} – RT has been banned in Ukraine by the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]] since August 2014, following the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|invasion and annexation]] of Ukrainian territory.<ref name="Ukraine ban">{{Cite news|last1=Zinets|first1=Natalia|last2=Prentice|first2=Alessandra |date=19 August 2014|title=Ukraine bans Russian TV channels for airing war 'propaganda'|work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-television-idUSKBN0GJ1QM20140819 |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>

{{flag|United Kingdom}} – On 18 March 2022, ANO TV Novosti's broadcasting license was revoked by [[Ofcom]], effectively banning RT from being broadcast. This was taken in the wake of RT UK being funded by the Russian government, which, when combined with their promotion of Russian state narratives with regard to sanctions and its invasion of Ukraine, was deemed a violation of neutrality standards.<ref name="UK licence revoke">{{Cite news|date=18 March 2022|title=Ofcom revokes RT's broadcast licence|work=[[Ofcom]]|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2022/ofcom-revokes-rt-broadcast-licence|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref> This came after an investigation was launched on 2 March 2022 in these matters, also involving the invasion.<ref name="UK investigation">{{Cite news|date=2 March 2022|title=Ofcom launches further investigations into RT|work=[[Ofcom]]|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2022/ofcom-revokes-rt-broadcast-licence|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

{{flag|United States}} – In September 2017, the [[United States Department of Justice|US Department of Justice]] compelled RT to file paperwork under the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/350226-russian-network-rt-must-register-as-foreign-agent-in/|title=Russian network RT must register as foreign agent in US|last=Balluck|first=Kyle|date=12 September 2017|work=The Hill|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Previously, the [[United States Secretary of State]] [[John Kerry]] had referred to RT as a state-sponsored "propaganda bullhorn" and he continued by saying, "{{sic|Russia Today}} network has deployed to promote president Putin's fantasy about what is playing out on the ground. They almost spend full-time devoted to this effort, to propagandize, and to distort what is happening or not happening in Ukraine."<ref name="JKerry">{{cite press release|title=Secretary Kerry on Ukraine|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?319014-1/secretary-kerry-ukraine|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]|date=24 April 2014}}</ref> RT responded that they wanted "an official response from the U.S. Department of State substantiating Mr. Kerry's claims".<ref name="BI RTupset">{{citation|title=RT Is Very Upset With John Kerry For Blasting Them As Putin's 'Propaganda Bullhorn'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/john-kerry-rt-propaganda-bullhorn-russia-today-2014-4|work=Business Insider|date=26 April 2014|author=Logiurato, Brett|access-date=4 May 2014|archive-date=4 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504085954/http://www.businessinsider.com.au/john-kerry-rt-propaganda-bullhorn-russia-today-2014-4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Stengel]] from the U.S. [[Department of State]] responded.<ref name="BI State Department">{{citation|title=Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/state-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4#!HDahV|work=Business Insider|date=29 April 2014|author=Logiurato}}</ref> Stengel stated in his response, "RT is a distortion machine, not a news organization", concluding that "the network and its editors should not pretend that RT is anything other than another player in Russia's global disinformation campaign against the people of Ukraine and their supporters". However, Stengel supports RT's right to broadcast in the United States.<ref name="Stengel">{{citation|title=Russia Today's Disinformation Campaign|url=http://2007-2017-blogs.state.gov/stories/2014/04/29/russia-today-s-disinformation-campaign2679.html?page=1|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=29 April 2014|author=Stengel, Richard|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921183442/http://2007-2017-blogs.state.gov/stories/2014/04/29/russia-today-s-disinformation-campaign2679.html?page=1}}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
In April 2017, during his successful run for President of France, [[Emmanuel Macron]]'s [[2017 French presidential election|campaign team]] banned both RT and the [[Sputnik (news agency)|Sputnik news agency]] from campaign events. A Macron spokesperson said the two outlets showed a "systematic desire to issue fake news and false information".<ref name="Emmanuel Macron's campaign team bans Russian news outlets from events">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/27/russia-emmanuel-macron-banned-news-outlets-discrimination|title=Emmanuel Macron's campaign team bans Russian news outlets from events|date=27 April 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 May 2017|agency=Reuters}}</ref> Macron later said during a press conference that RT and Sputnik were "agencies of influence and propaganda, lying propaganda—no more, no less".<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Bodner|first1=Matthew|last2=Kupfer|first2=Matthew|last3=Jardine|first3=Bradley|date=2017-06-01|title=Welcome to The Machine: Inside the Secretive World of RT|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/welcome-to-the-machine-inside-the-secretive-world-of-rt-58132|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref> RT editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan characterized Macron's remarks on RT as an attack on freedom of speech.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Osborn |first1=Andrew |last2=Balmforth |first2=Richard |title=Macron camp bars Russian news outlets, angers Moscow |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-russia-idUSKBN17T2GB |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |language=en |date=27 April 2017}}</ref>

In October 2017, Twitter banned both RT and Sputnik from advertising on their social networking service amid accusations of [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]], sparking an angry response from the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Russian foreign ministry]].<ref name="Twitter bans RT and Sputnik ads amid election interference fears">{{citation|title = Twitter bans RT and Sputnik ads amid election interference fears|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41766991|work = BBC News|date = 26 October 2017|access-date = 4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Confessore|first=Nicholas|date=2017-10-26|title=Twitter Bans Two Kremlin-Backed News Outlets From Advertising|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/technology/twitter-russia-today-sputnik.html|access-date=2021-12-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Twitter in August 2020 began to identify RT, along with other Russian and Chinese media outlets, as "state-affiliated media" in a prominent place at the top of their accounts on the social media platform.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Culliford|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Nichols|first2=Michelle|others=Dan Grebler (ed.)|date=6 August 2020|title=Twitter labels state media, government officials' accounts|work=[[Reuters]]|editor-last=Zieminski|editor-first=Nick|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-twitter-labels-media-idUSKCN2522G9|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/08/06/technology/06reuters-twitter-labels-media.html|title=Twitter Labels State Media, Government Officials' Accounts|work=The New York Times|agency=Reuters|date=6 August 2020|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

In November 2017, [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] chairman [[Eric Schmidt]] announced that Google will be "deranking" stories from RT and Sputnik in response to allegations about election meddling by President Putin's government, provoking an accusation of censorship from both outlets.<ref name="Google to 'derank' Russia Today and Sputnik">{{citation|title = Google to 'derank' Russia Today and Sputnik|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42065644|work = BBC News|date = 21 November 2017|access-date = 22 November 2017}}</ref>

In March 2018, [[John McDonnell]], the [[Shadow Chancellor]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]], advised fellow Labour MPs to boycott RT and said he would no longer appear on the channel. He said: "We tried to be fair with them and as long as they abide by journalistic standards that are objective that's fine but it looks as if they have gone beyond that line". A party representative said: "We are keeping the issue under review".<ref>{{cite news|title=John McDonnell urges Labour MPs to stop appearing on Russia Today|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43363165|work = BBC News|date = 11 March 2018|access-date = 11 March 2018}}</ref>

In July 2019, the [[UK Foreign Office]] banned both RT and Sputnik from attending the Global Conference for Media Freedom in London for "their active role in spreading disinformation". The Russian Embassy called the decision "direct politically motivated discrimination", while RT responded in a statement: "It takes a particular brand of hypocrisy to advocate for freedom of press while banning inconvenient voices and slandering [[alternative media]]."<ref name="Russia's RT banned from UK media freedom conference">{{citation|title = Russia's RT banned from UK media freedom conference|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48919085|work = BBC News|date = 9 July 2019|access-date = 26 August 2019}}</ref>

=== Other responses ===
====2008–2012====
During the [[2008 South Ossetia War]], RT correspondent William Dunbar resigned after the network refused to let him report on Russian airstrikes of civilian targets, stating, "any issue where there is a Kremlin line, RT is sure to toe it".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/william-dunbar-they-forced-me-out-for-telling-the-truth-about-georgia-2083870.html|title=They forced me out for telling the truth about Georgia|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=20 September 2010|author=William Dunbar}}</ref> According to ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', sources at RT confirmed that Dunbar had resigned, saying that it was not over bias. One senior RT journalist told the magazine, "the Russian coverage I have seen has been much better than much of the Western coverage... Russian news coverage is largely pro-Russia, but that is to be expected."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2008/scene/markets-festivals/russia-claims-media-bias-1117990468/|title=Russia claims media bias; Foreign minister blasts coverage of conflict|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=12 August 2008|author=Nick Holdsworth}}</ref>

Shaun Walker, the Moscow correspondent for ''[[The Independent]]'', said that RT had "instructed reporters not to report from Georgian villages within [[South Ossetia]] that had been [[ethnic cleansing|ethnically cleansed]]".<ref name=Burrell/> Julia Ioffe wrote that an RT journalist whose reporting deviated from "the Kremlin line that Georgians were slaughtering unarmed Ossetians" was reprimanded.<ref name="Ioffe"/> [[Human Rights Watch]] said that RT's claim of 2,000 South Ossetian casualties was exaggerated.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rt.com/Top_News/2008-08-10/Death_toll_in_South_Ossetia_reaches_2000.html|title=Death toll in South Ossetia reaches 2,000|publisher=RT|location=Russia|date=10 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202163115/http://rt.com/Top_News/2008-08-10/Death_toll_in_South_Ossetia_reaches_2000.html|archive-date=2 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/13/georgia|title=Russia exaggerating South Ossetian death toll, says human rights group|newspaper=The Guardian|date=13 August 2008|author=Tom Parfitt}}</ref>

[[File:RT covering protests in Moscow on 1012.JPG|left|thumb|RT team covering protests in [[Bolotnaya Square]] in Moscow on 10 December 2011]]
In 2012, Jesse Zwick of ''[[The New Republic]]'' criticized RT, stating it held that "civilian casualties in Syria are minimal, foreign intervention would be disastrous, and any humanitarian appeals from Western nations are a thin veil for a NATO-backed move to isolate Iran, China, and Russia". He wrote that RT wants to "make the United States look out of line for lecturing Russia".<ref name="Zwick" /> Zwick also wrote that RT provided a "disproportionate amount of time" to covering [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] Republican [[Ron Paul]] during [[Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012|his 2012 presidential campaign]]. Writing after her 2014 on-air resignation, [[Liz Wahl]] suggested the reason for this "wasn't his message of freedom and liberty but his non-interventionist stance and consistent criticism of U.S. foreign policy. His message fit RT's narrative that the United States is a huge bully."<ref name="Wahl-2014">{{Cite web|last=Wahl|first=Elizabeth|title=I Was Putin's Pawn|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/03/liz-wahl-quit-russia-today-putins-pawn-104888/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=[[Politico]]|date=21 March 2014 |language=en}}</ref> In a June 2011 broadcast of ''Adam vs. the Man'', host [[Adam Kokesh]] endorsed fundraising for Paul, leading to a complaint to the [[Federal Election Commission]] charging a political contribution had been made by a foreign corporation. Kokesh said his cancellation in August was related to Paul's aide [[Jesse Benton]] rather than the complaint.<ref name="Politico" />

In September 2012, UK broadcast regulator [[Ofcom]] found that two Libyan dispatches broadcast by RT's [[Lizzie Phelan]] in a year earlier were in breach of its code on accuracy and impartiality. The following November, RT was again found in breach of impartiality rules in relation to its coverage of the Syrian conflict.<ref>[http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb217/obb217.pdf Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Syrian news coverage], 5 November 2012, pp 15–27.</ref> An August 2013 story concerning unverified reports of the killing of 450 [[Kurds|Kurdish]] civilians near the Turkey-Syria border was also found to have breached Ofcom's rules.<ref>[http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb2402/obb241.pdf Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Graphic footage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617020536/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb2402/obb241.pdf |date=17 June 2016 }}, 4 November 2013, pp 14–17.</ref> That December, Ofcom found RT in breach of its standards in relation to the impartiality of a documentary entitled "Syrian Diary" broadcast the previous March.<ref>[http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/2431/obb244.pdf Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Syrian Diary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617020526/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/2431/obb244.pdf |date=17 June 2016 }}, 16 December 2013, pp 6–25.</ref> Speaking in 2014 former RT reporter Sara Firth said that there had previously been examples of senior editorial interference, and that she had been pulled out of Syria after some "very heated discussions" about the channel's coverage.<ref name=sarafirth/>

====2014====
On 4 March 2014, ''Breaking The Set'' host [[Abby Martin (journalist)|Abby Martin]], speaking directly to her viewing audience during the show's closing statement, said that even though she works for RT, she is against Russia's intervention in Ukraine. She said that "what Russia did is wrong", as she is against intervention by any nation into other countries' affairs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/04/world/europe/russia-news-anchor-ukraine/|title=State-funded news anchor Abby Martin: 'What Russia did is wrong' |author=Greg Botelho|date=5 March 2014|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Later, Martin asserted that RT still supports her despite her differences of opinion with the Russian government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/shows/breaking-set-summary/ukraine-conflict-perspectives-usa-885/|title=Ukraine conflict perspectives and Washington's shadow lobbyists|website=RT International|language=en-EN|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> RTs press office suggested that Martin would be sent to [[Crimea]] and responded to accusations of propaganda, stating "the charges of propaganda tend to pop up every time a news outlet, particularly RT, dares to show the side of events that does not fit the mainstream narrative, regardless of the realities on the ground. This happened in [[Information war during the Russo-Georgian war|Georgia]], this is happening in [[2014 Crimean crisis|Ukraine]]".<ref>Graves, Lucia (4 March 2014) [http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/rt-defends-host-abby-martin-responds-to-accusations-of-pro-putin-propaganda-20140304 RT Defends Host Abby Martin, Responds to Accusations of Pro-Putin Propaganda], [[National Journal]] retrieved 11 April 2014</ref> [[Glenn Greenwald]] said that American media elites love to mock Russian media, especially RT, as being a source of shameless pro-Putin propaganda, where free expression is strictly barred. Agreeing the "network has a strong pro-Russian bias", he suggested that Martin's action "remarkably demonstrated what 'journalistic independence' means".<ref>Greenwald, Glenn (4 March 2014) [https://theintercept.com/2014/03/04/rt-host-abby-martin-condemns-russian-incursion-crimea-rt/ RT Host Abby Martin Condemns Russian Incursion Into Crimea – On RT] [[The Intercept]] retrieved 21 March 2014</ref>

On 5 March 2014, RT Washington, D.C. bureau anchor Liz Wahl resigned on air, blaming RT for propaganda. Wahl stated that what "broke" her was that RT censored a question from her interview with Ron Paul about "Russia's ''intervention'' in Ukraine". In response, RT released a statement: "When a journalist disagrees with the editorial position of his or her organization, the usual course of action is to address those grievances with the editor, and, if they cannot be resolved, to quit like a professional. But when someone makes a big public show of a personal decision, it is nothing more than a self-promotional stunt. We wish Liz the best of luck on her chosen path".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eversley |first1=Melanie |title=Russia-funded station decries on-air resignation |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/06/russia-today-liz-wahl-resignation/6108179/ |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |date=6 March 2014}}</ref> In a March 2014 ''Politico'' article, Wahl stated: "For about two and a half years. I'd looked the other way as the network smeared America for the sake of making the Kremlin look better by comparison, while it sugarcoated atrocities by one brutal dictator after another."<ref name="Wahl-2014" />

[[File:Liz Wahl on RT America.png|thumb|RT America broadcast with former anchor [[Liz Wahl]]]]
When asked about a clip of her interviewing a guest on RT by [[Brian Stelter]], host of CNN's ''[[Reliable Sources]]'', Wahl responded,
{{cquote|They get these extreme voices on that have this kind of hostile toward the West viewpoints towards the world, very extremist. These are the people that they have on. And when I was on the anchor desk, they would instruct you to egg on these guests and try to get them, you know, rallied up, to really fire off their anti-American talking points. Listen, I'm all about exposing government corruption. I'm all about being critical of the government. But this is different. This is promoting the foreign policy of somebody that has just invaded a country, has invaded the country and is then lying about it, is using the media as a tool to fulfill his foreign policy interests. And RT is part of Putin's propaganda network and it's very, very troubling in the wake of what is going on in Ukraine today.<ref name="Reliable Sources">{{cite news|title=Putin TV in Chaos|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2014/03/23/rs-putin-tv-in-chaos.cnn|publisher=CNN|date=24 March 2014|author=Brian Stelter}}</ref>}}

''The New York Times'' [[op-ed]] columnist [[Nicholas Kristof]] commented on CNN's ''[[Piers Morgan Live]]'' about Wahl's and Martin's initial actions, saying that he "admire[s] their outspokenness but, you know, at the end of the day, RT is a Russian propaganda arm, and I don't think it's going to matter very much to the geopolitical consequences here".<ref name="Piers">{{cite video|title=New Cold War?|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1403/05/pmt.01.html|publisher=CNN|author=Piers Morgan|date=5 March 2014}}</ref>

Former RT Moscow anchor Staci Bivens, and other former RT journalists speaking under anonymity according to [[BuzzFeed]], said they regretted working for the network, citing their dislike of the network's use of propaganda. Bivens, for example, was explicitly asked to go to Germany and procure a story proving that "Germany is a [[failed state]]". When she refused, other reporters were sent instead.<ref name="Bivens">{{cite news|title=How the Truth is Made at Russia Today|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today|date=13 March 2014|publisher=BuzzFeed|author=Gray, Rosie}}</ref>

Steve Bloomfield, the foreign editor of ''[[Monocle (lifestyle magazine)|Monocle]]'' wrote that RT's "coverage of Ukraine could not have been kinder to Moscow if Vladimir Putin had chosen the running order himself. While Putin kept up the pretence that there were no Russian troops in Crimea, so too did RT. The storming of government buildings across eastern Ukraine has been portrayed as the understandable actions of peace-loving protesters who fear "chaos" in Kiev".<ref>{{cite news|title=Ofcom should be looking again at Putin's TV news channel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/24/ukraine-russia-putin-news-reporting|date=24 April 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|author=Bloomfield, Steve}}</ref>

After the July 2014 crash of [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17]], RT rushed to blame others for the plane's shoot-down in Ukraine amid accusations by Ukrainian fighters of Russian involvement in the crash.<ref name="mh17-biau">{{citation|title=Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Downed Malaysia Airliner|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7|date=19 July 2014|author=Szoldra|access-date=19 July 2014|archive-date=20 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720034504/http://www.businessinsider.com.au/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7/|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking of RT's coverage, Sarah Oates, professor of journalism at the [[University of Maryland]] said: "But if you're going to engage in propaganda, you have to do it well. They have completely embarrassed themselves."<ref name=TIME2114>{{cite magazine |author=Alex Altman |title=Russian Television Under Spotlight After Malaysia Airlines Crash in Ukraine |url=https://time.com/3014822/malaysia-airlines-ukraine-crash-rt-russian-television/ |magazine=Time |date=21 July 2014 |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref>

Sara Firth, a London-based correspondent with RT resigned in protest over the network's coverage of the MH17 disaster. Shortly before resigning, she [[tweeted]], "RT style guide Rule 1: It is ALWAYS * Ukraine's fault (* add name as applicable)". She told ''The Guardian'': "I walked into the newsroom and there was an eyewitness account making allegations [against Ukraine] and analysis, if you can call it, from our correspondent in the studio. It was just appalling, in a situation like that where there are families waiting to be informed and a devastating loss of life." She also noted that "There is bias against Russia but you don't counter wrong by doing even more wrong" and stated "I have always said it's better to have RT than to not have that perspective, but actually with a story like this and the way they misreport it, it's quite dangerous, I don't want to be party to it."<ref name="sarafirth">{{cite news|last=Plunkett|first=John|date=18 July 2014|title=Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/18/mh17-russia-today-reporter-resigns-sara-firth-kremlin-malaysia|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref> In follow-up interview she said: "In Ukraine, you're taking a very small part of a much wider story, totally omitted the context of the story, and so what you wind up with on air is outright misinformation." Calling RT "mass information manipulation", Firth said: "they have a very clear idea in their mind of what they're trying to prove". She also stated that "The worst-kept secret is that RT is blatant propaganda. I'm one in a very long line of people who have left for the same reason."<ref name=TIME2114/>

The following November, RT was again found in breach of Ofcom's impartiality rules, this time in relation to its coverage of the Ukraine crisis, specifically events leading up to the annexation by Russia of Crimea.<ref>[http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb266/obb266.pdf Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Ukraine news coverage], 10 November 2014, pp 5–44</ref> For repeated breaches of its ''due impartiality'' rules, Ofcom put RT management "on notice that any future breaches of the due impartiality rules may result in further regulatory action, including consideration of a [[Sanctions (law)|statutory sanction]]".<ref name="GuardianOfcom">{{cite news |author=John Plunkett |title=Russia Today threatened with Ofcom sanctions due to bias |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/nov/10/russia-today-ofcom-sanctions-impartiality-ukraine-coverage |date=10 November 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref>

====2015–2016====
In January 2015, Ofcom found RT (and the BBC) not in breach of rules on generally accepted standards following a complaint about the use of graphic imagery of bodies at the MH17 crash site.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/05/bbc-news-rt-cleared-coverage-mh17 |title=BBC News and RT cleared over coverage of shooting down of flight MH17 |date=5 January 2015 |work=The Guardian |last=Kemp|first=Stuart |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb2691/obb270.pdf Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – MH17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214202047/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb2691/obb270.pdf |date=14 February 2015 }}, 5 January 2015, p 48</ref>

[[File:Vladimir Putin, Russia Today television channel (2015-12-10) 01.jpg|thumb|left|President Putin with Margarita Simonyan in front of RT's "Question more" slogan (2015)]]
Following the March 2015 [[European Council]] summit which concluded that action was needed to "challenge Russia's ongoing disinformation campaigns", the [[European External Action Service]] was tasked to respond.<ref name=Conversation>{{citation |last=David |first=Maxine |date=23 September 2016 |title=War of words: how Europe is fighting back against Russian disinformation |url=http://theconversation.com/war-of-words-how-europe-is-fighting-back-against-russian-disinformation-65444 |publisher=The Conversation |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> [[European Parliament]] briefing notes on the situation called RT "Russia's main international media weapon".<ref>{{citation |last1=Bentzen |first1=Naja |last2=Russell |first2=Martin |year=2015 |title=Russia's manipulation of information on Ukraine and the EU's response
|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/571339/EPRS_BRI(2015)571339_EN.pdf |publisher=Members' Research Service – European Parliamentary Research Service}}</ref> The counter-propaganda strategy subsequently developed by the EastStratCom Task Force, a small group of eight officials, included launching the ''EU vs Disinformation'' website with a headline of "don't be deceived, question even more".<ref name=Conversation/><ref>{{citation |last=Gotev |first=Georgi |date=28 August 2015 |title=Tiny EU task force set up to counter Russian propaganda |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/tiny-eu-task-force-set-up-to-counter-russian-propaganda/ |publisher=Fondation Euractiv |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EU vs Disinformation website |url=https://euvsdisinfo.eu/ |access-date=3 March 2017 |archive-date=6 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206015254/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/ }}</ref>

In September 2015, Ofcom found RT in breach of the impartiality rules in its coverage of the events in Ukraine and [[Syria]]. It also upheld the complaint by the [[BBC]] that allegations made in an episode of ''The Truthseeker'' that a BBC ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' film, ''[[Saving Syria's Children]]'', had faked a parts of a report on a chemical weapon attack in Syria were "materially misleading".<ref name=BBC-21Sept>{{cite news |title=UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34316047 |work=BBC News |date=21 September 2015 |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref><ref name=Ofcom-21Sept>{{cite news |title=Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin |url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb288/Issue_288.pdf |issue=288 |publisher=[[Ofcom]] |date=21 September 2015 |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053136/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-bulletins/obb288/Issue_288.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Burrell 2015 RT misled">{{cite news| last=Burrell | first=Ian | title=Broadcaster RT misled viewers and breached broadcasting rules, says Ofcom | website=The Independent | date=21 September 2015 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/rt-breached-broadcasting-rules-over-claims-bbc-faked-pictures-of-syrian-chemical-attack-says-ofcom-10511515.html | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>

In an episode of ''The Truthseeker'', named ''Genocide of Eastern Ukraine'', they stated that the Ukrainian government was deliberately bombing civilians and had murdered and tortured journalists, as well as [[Crucified Boy|crucifying babies]]. Ukrainian army forces were accused of "ethnic cleansing" and were compared to the Nazis in World War Two. The only response to the allegations in the broadcast was in the form of a caption saying "Kiev claims it is not committing genocide, denies casualty reports", which appeared on screen for six seconds. According to Ofcom the broadcast had "little or no counterbalance or objectivity".<ref name=BBC-21Sept/>

{{Main|Crucified Boy}}

A spokesperson for the media regulator said: "Ofcom found that RT broadcast content that was either materially misleading or not duly impartial. These are significant failings and we are therefore requiring RT to broadcast two clear statements on our decision which correct these failures."<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=Jasper|title=RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/sep/21/rt-sanctioned-over-series-of-misleading-articles-by-media-watchdog |date=21 September 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref>

In October 2015, [[David J. Kramer]], senior director for human rights and democracy at the [[McCain Institute]] for International Leadership, suggested that Western countries freeze RT's assets "not because of the odious things it spews" but as part of the [[Yukos shareholders vs. Russia|Yukos shareholder case]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kramer|first1=David J.|title=The West should take on the Putin P.R. machine|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-west-should-take-on-the-putin-pr-machine/2015/10/23/16fdd26c-7442-11e5-8248-98e0f5a2e830_story.html|access-date=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=23 October 2015}}</ref>

A report released by the US think-tank the [[RAND Corporation]] in 2016 called RT part of "a wider Russian propaganda operation" named the "Firehose of Falsehood". The paper called "Russian faux-news propaganda channels, such as RT" insidious and that "they look like news programs, and the persons appearing on them are represented as journalists and experts, making audience members much more likely to ascribe credibility to the misinformation these sources are disseminating".<ref name=RAND>{{citation |last1=Paul |first1=Christopher |last2=Matthews |first2= Mirriam |year=2016 |title=The Russian 'Firehose of Falsehood' Propaganda Model |url=http://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html |publisher=The RAND Corporation}}</ref>

In July 2016, Ofcom again found RT in breach of its impartiality rules, this time over coverage of the Turkish government's treatment of [[Kurds|Kurdish people]]. Two episodes of ''Going Underground'' originally broadcast in March, included claims of attacks, atrocities and [[genocide]] against the Kurds, and that "Turkey supports ISIS" without offering adequate counterbalance. RT's representatives stated the network "finds it especially difficult to obtain pro-Turkey views for its programming" because of "political tensions between Russia and Turkey following the downing of a Russian military aircraft by Turkish warplanes in November 2015".<ref>{{cite news |last=Plunkett|first=John |title=Russia-backed channel RT censured for lack of impartiality in Turkish coverage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/04/russia-rt-impartiality-turkey-genocidal-war-kurds |date=4 July 2016 |work=The Guardian |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/46621/issue_308.pdf |issue=308 |publisher=[[Ofcom]] |date=4 July 2016 |pages=5–30 |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>

In November 2016, after the [[2016 United States presidential election|US presidential election]], ''The Washington Post'' reported that RT and Sputnik were "state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports" and also that "RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/russian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say/2016/11/24/793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html|title=Russian propaganda effort helped spread 'fake news' during election, experts say|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> The ''Post'' was criticized by ''[[The Intercept]]'' and ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' for relying in part on an analysis by [[PropOrNot]].<ref name="skeptic1">{{citation|title=Washington Post Disgracefully Promotes a McCarthyite Blacklist From a New, Hidden, and Very Shady Group|date=26 November 2016|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/11/26/washington-post-disgracefully-promotes-a-mccarthyite-blacklist-from-a-new-hidden-and-very-shady-group/|author1=Ben Norton|author2=Glenn Greenwald|work=[[The Intercept]]|access-date=27 November 2016|author-link2=Glenn Greenwald}}</ref><ref name="skeptic2">{{citation|last=Ingram|first=Matthew|title=No, Russian Agents Are Not Behind Every Piece of Fake News You See|date=25 November 2016|url=http://fortune.com/2016/11/25/russian-fake-news/|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref>

In December 2016, Ofcom found RT in breach of its impartiality rules for the 10th time since the English-language channel launched. A ''Crosstalk'' episode broadcast the previous July, contained a [[debate]] about the [[NATO]] [[2016 Warsaw summit]] in which all members of the panel expressed critical views. RT's representatives again stated that they couldn't find anybody with alternative opinions willing to take part, and that captions with pro-NATO comments should have been added before broadcast, but the wrong text was accidentally used.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams |first=Christopher |title=Media watchdog calls in Kremlin-backed news channel RT over impartiality breach on Nato |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/02/07/media-watchdog-calls-kremlin-backed-news-channel-rt-impartiality/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/02/07/media-watchdog-calls-kremlin-backed-news-channel-rt-impartiality/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |date=7 February 2017 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=1 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/96012/Issue-319-of-Ofcoms-Broadcast-and-On-Demand-Bulletin,-to-be-published-on-19-December-2016.pdf |issue=319 |publisher=[[Ofcom]] |date=19 December 2016 |pages=18–26 |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>

====2017–2018====
On 12 January 2017, RT was accidentally broadcast for around 10 minutes on a web stream of U.S. public affairs service [[C-SPAN]]. RT stated that while it was testing its systems in preparation for the [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|inauguration of Donald Trump]], its signal was "mistakenly routed onto the primary encoder feeding C-SPAN1's signal to the internet, rather than to an unused backup".<ref name="variety-rtblockfb"/>

On 19 January 2017, RT stated that it had been temporarily restricted from posting media on its Facebook page until 21 January, after the service said that RT had infringed on the copyrights of [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Liberty]]'s Current Now TV when broadcasting a live stream of [[Barack Obama]]'s final press conference as president of the United States. Current Time TV said that it had not sent any specific complaints to Facebook, and both RT and Current Now TV stated that they had obtained their feed from the [[Associated Press]]. The restriction was removed after about 20 hours, and Facebook did not say officially if this was because of a technical error or a policy issue.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Julia Carrie|author-link=Julia Carrie Wong|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/19/facebook-russia-rt-censorship-temporary-ban|title=Russia threatens retaliation over Facebook 'censorship' of RT|work=The Guardian|date=20 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="variety-rtblockfb">{{cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|title=Facebook Restores Kremlin-Funded RT Posting Privileges After Temporary Block|url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/facebook-blocks-rt-posting-trump-inauguration-1201963757/|work=Variety|date=19 January 2017|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref>

In September 2017, the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] informed RT America that it must register as a [[Foreign Agents Registration Act|foreign agent]] of the Russian government. Margarita Simonyan, RT's editor-in-chief, condemned the action as an assault on [[freedom of speech]]. A spokesperson for the [[Russian foreign ministry]] threatened retaliatory measures against American journalists.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia considering US media restrictions as retaliation|date=8 October 2017|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/354450-russia-considering-us-media-restrictions-as-retaliation-report/|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russian network RT must register as foreign agent in US|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/350226-russian-network-rt-must-register-as-foreign-agent-in/|website=The Hill|date=12 September 2017|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

On 13 November 2017, RT America officially registered as a "foreign agent" in the United States with the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] under the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]]. Under the act, RT will be required to disclose financial information.<ref name="Stubbs-2017" /> This move was criticized by the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]], which stated: "We're uncomfortable with governments deciding what constitutes journalism or propaganda".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/2017/11/russias-rt-network-says-it-complied-with-us-order-.php|title=Russia's RT network says it complied with US order to register as foreign agent|website=cpj.org|date=13 November 2017|language=en|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>

In December 2018, the British media regulator [[Ofcom]] ruled that seven programmes broadcast by RT between 17 March and 26 April of that year, in the wake of the [[Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal|Salisbury nerve agent attacks]], had breached the UK's impartiality rules; the BBC reported that RT was "extremely disappointed by Ofcom's conclusions".<ref name="BBC News 20 December 2018">{{cite web | title= Russian news channel RT broke TV impartiality rules, Ofcom says|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-46633082 | author=|date= 20 December 2018| website= [[BBC News Online]] | access-date= 20 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ofcom Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/131159/Issue-369-Broadcast-and-On-Demand-Bulletin.pdf |issue=369 |publisher=[[Ofcom]] |date=20 December 2018 |access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> RT was fined £200,000 but kept its licence to broadcast in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jul/26/rt-fined-breaching-impartiality-rules-ofcom |title=RT fined £200,000 for breaching impartiality rules |first= Jim |last=Waterson |date=26 July 2019 |work=The Guardian }}</ref> RT described Ofcom's actions against it as "inappropriate and disproportionate per Ofcom's own track record".<ref>{{cite web |title=Ofcom fines Russian news service £200,000 over impartiality |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-49126466 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |date=26 July 2019}}</ref>

==== 2021 ====
German journalist Daniel Lange employed by RT DE left the station in protest against its operation to spy on [[Alexei Navalny|Alexey Navalny]] while he was undergoing treatment in a hospital in Germany after [[Poisoning of Alexei Navalny|being poisoned by FSB]]. According to Lange, the assignment had nothing to do with journalism as he was instructed in the first place to test the security of the hospital, describe number of internal checkpoints and his RT leadership clearly indicated collected information will not be used for publication. Lange also described reporting bias in the RT where he was instructed by the editor to specifically select footage showing "all the filth of Germany".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former RT Reporter Says He Was Asked To 'Spy' On Navalny In German Hospital|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-rt-navalny-spy-germany-lange/31146983.html|access-date=2021-03-14|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref>

Russia threatened to ban YouTube in September for deleting the RT channels, RT DE and Der Fehlende Part. The platform had banned the RT channels for breaking its policies on spreading [[COVID-19 misinformation]] and for using the second channel to circumvent an initial week-long suspension.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 September 2021|title=Russia threatens YouTube ban for deleting RT channels |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58737433 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>

==== 2022 ====
In January, the [[United States Department of State|State Department]]'s [[Global Engagement Center]] (GEC) published a report titled "Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's Role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem." Its case studies included one on "false narratives" published by RT concerning the Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border.<ref name="2022State">{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Kremlin-Funded-Media_January_update-19.pdf|title=Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's Role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|quote=. Despite RT's attempts to market its shows as debates or discussions in which 'all things are considered,' pro-Kremlin statements are rarely questioned... RT listed false reasons justifying Russia's military buildup, including an alleged promise by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to General Secretary Gorbachev to not expand NATO, which Gorbachev said never happened, and the incorrect claim that Ukraine had outlawed the Russian language.|date=2022 |access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>

Employees and associates of RT and its subsidiary [[Ruptly]] in multiple countries, including the UK and Germany, resigned in response to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], with some attributing their departures to the Russian government's prohibition of using the word "[[invasion]]" to describe the military offensive.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sauer |first1=Pjotr |title='Pure Orwell': how Russian state media spins invasion as liberation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/pure-orwell-how-russian-state-media-spins-ukraine-invasion-as-liberation |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kersley |first1=Andrew |title=Reporters quit RT and website hacked amid Ukraine invasion coverage |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/rt-ukraine-coverage/ |website=[[Press Gazette]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |date=25 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Escritt |first1=Thomas |title=Exclusive: Russian news agency in Berlin faces staff exodus over Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/exclusive-russian-news-agency-berlin-faces-staff-exodus-over-ukraine-invasion-2022-02-28/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |language=en |date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brodkin |first1=Jon |title=YouTube blocks RT and Sputnik as Russia tells media not to say "invasion" |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/03/youtube-blocks-rt-and-sputnik-as-russia-tells-media-not-to-say-invasion/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |language=en-us |date=1 March 2022}}</ref> [[Frédéric Taddeï]] quit his role as host of the RT France talk show ''[[Interdit d'interdire]]'' on 23 February when Russia recognized the [[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]] breakaway states immediately preceding the invasion.<ref name="Taddeï quit">{{cite web |last1=Goy |first1=Héloïse |last2=Patri |first2=Alexis |title=Frédéric Taddeï quitte son émission sur RT France "par loyauté envers la France" |url=https://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/frederic-taddei-quitte-son-emission-sur-rt-france-par-loyaute-envers-la-france-4095554 |website=[[Europe 1]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |language=fr |date=23 February 2022 |trans-title=Frédéric Taddeï leaves his show on RT France "out of loyalty to France"}}</ref> Former First Minister of Scotland [[Alex Salmond]] suspended his RT talk show, ''[[The Alex Salmond Show]]'', on 24 February after receiving public criticism following the invasion.<ref name="Salmond suspend">{{cite web |title=Alex Salmond suspends RT show over Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-60508620 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=24 February 2022}}</ref> A number of British journalists based both in RT's offices in Moscow and at [[RT UK]]'s now-disbanded offices in London resigned from the network in response to its coverage of the invasion;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gilbody-Dickerson |first1=Claire |title=Russia Today hit by resignation of several UK-based journalists within hours of Putin's invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/russia-today-hit-by-resignation-of-several-uk-based-journalists-within-hours-of-putin-s-invasion-of-ukraine/ar-AAUlp4e |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=i |date=27 February 2022}}</ref> according to ''[[The Times]]'', four have "publicly announced their resignation, while others are said to have quietly left RT's London bureau".<ref name="Kanter">{{cite news |last1=Kanter |first1=Jake |title=YouTube blocks RT channels in Britain and Europe |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/banning-rt-could-lead-to-retaliation-against-bbc-liz-truss-warns-xx0w5rj2m |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=The Times |url-access=subscription |date=1 March 2022}}</ref>

On 25 February, hacking group [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]] claimed a [[distributed denial of service]] attack on the network's website, in support of Ukraine in its fight against Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/anonymous-attacks-russia-ukraine-invasion-rt-ddos-b2023177.html|title=Anonymous launches attacks against Russia to support Ukraine|date=25 February 2022|website=The Independent}}</ref> The following day, [[Alphabet Inc.]], the owners of [[Google]], temporarily barred RT from receiving any financial return from their ads on their YouTube platform.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dave|first=Paresh|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/youtube-blocks-rt-other-russian-channels-generating-revenue-2022-02-26/|title=Google blocks RT, other Russian channels from earning ad dollars|work=Reuters|date=26 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>

==== 2024 ====
In September 2024, the United States indicted two RT employees in New York and imposed sanctions on RT executives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-05 |title=US accuses Russia's RT news outlet of election interference |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/05/us-accuses-russia-s-rt-news-outlet-of-election-interference_6724817_4.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=[[Le Monde]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Attorney General [[Merrick Garland]] accused RT of paying [[2024 Tenet Media investigation|Tenet Media]], a right-wing media company in [[Tennessee]], to promote Russian propaganda to U.S. audiences to influence the outcome of the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cabral |first=Sam |date=September 4, 2024 |title=US accuses Russia of interfering with presidential election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8rx28v1vpro |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Couts |first=Andrew |date=September 4, 2024 |title=Right-Wing Influencer Network Tenet Media Allegedly Spread Russian Disinformation |url=https://www.wired.com/story/right-wing-influencer-network-tenet-media-allegedly-spread-russian-disinformation/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> The same month, [[Antony Blinken]] announced additional sanctions against RT-affiliated entities and individuals, stating that in 2023 RT established a unit with "cyber operational capabilities and ties to Russian intelligence" as well as cooperation with [[Global North and Global South|Global South]] allies to counter RT.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roth |first=Andrew |date=2024-09-13 |title=Blinken accuses RT of being worldwide Kremlin intelligence network |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/sep/13/antony-blinken-rt-media-russia-intelligence |access-date=2024-09-14 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> RT was also accused of covertly fundraising to procure body armor, sniper rifles, and other equipment for Russian soldiers fighting in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Klepper |first=David |date=September 14, 2024 |title=US hits Russian state media with sanctions for raising money for Moscow's troops in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-putin-trump-sanctions-harris-rt-f7e3ff262fdf24695048cffe2529b937 |access-date=September 14, 2024 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
[[File:Chimneyboy3.jpg|thumb|[[Martyn Andrews]] reporting from Siberia in 2007]]
* June 2007 – The 11th "Save and Preserve" International Environmental Television Festival<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071020003330/http://www.admhmao.ru/english/newsE/2007/june/09.htm News of the Okrug] 11th "Save and Preserve" International Environmental Television Festival, 9 June 2007</ref> awarded its Grand Prix to RT's ''Meeting with Nature'' series.
* November 2007 – RT's report on the anniversary of the [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl catastrophe]] received a special prize from the international 2007 AIB Media Excellence Awards<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070819232312/http://www.aib.org.uk/newsContent.asp?node_id=8,95&content_id=1613 AIB Media Excellence Awards 2007] Association for International Broadcasting, 8 October 2007</ref>
* September 2008 – Russia's [[TEFI]] to [[Kevin Owen]] in ''Best News Anchor'' category
* January 2009 – Silver World Medal from the New York Festivals, for Best News Documentary "A city of desolate mothers"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/res/pdf/2009TVWINNERS.pdf|title=2009 Television Programming and Promotion Awards|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011092732/http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/res/pdf/2009TVWINNERS.pdf}}</ref>
* August 2010 – First nomination for an [[International Emmy Award]] in News category for its coverage of president [[Barack Obama]]'s trip to Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=110|title=2010 International Emmy® Awards News & Current Affairs Nominees Announced|publisher=International Emmy Awards|date=11 August 2010|access-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319122534/http://iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=110|archive-date=19 March 2015}}</ref>
* August 2012 – Second nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the international [[Occupy Wall Street]] movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=151|title=2012 International Emmy® Awards News & Current Affairs Nominees Announced|publisher=International Emmy Awards|date=21 August 2012|access-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418223854/http://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=151|archive-date=18 April 2015}}</ref>
* May 2014 – [[Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]] from President of Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] to editor-in-chief [[Margarita Simonyan]] for coverage of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nechepurenko |first1=Ivan |author-link1=Ivan Nechepurenko |last2=Brennan |first2=Christopher |title=Putin Awards Journalists for 'Objective' Crimea Coverage |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/putin-awards-journalists-for-objective-crimea-coverage/499441.html |website=[[The Moscow Times]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528111816/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/putin-awards-journalists-for-objective-crimea-coverage/499441.html |archive-date=28 May 2016 |date=5 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Saul |first1=Heather |title=Ukraine crisis: Putin awards pro-Kremlin journalists medals for their 'objective coverage' of Crimea |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-crisis-putin-awards-prokremlin-journalists-medals-for-their-objective-coverage-of-crimea-9325664.html |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |language=en |date=6 May 2014}}</ref>
* August 2014 – Third nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the [[Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=185|title=2014 International Emmy® Awards Current Affairs & News Nominees Announced |website=International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085948/http://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=185|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
* August 2016 – Fourth nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the 70th anniversary session of the [[United Nations General Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=210|title=2016 International Emmy® Awards for News & Current Affairs Announced|website=International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415200552/https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=210|archive-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
* [[Freedom of the press in Russia]]
* [[Media of Russia]]
* ''[[Russia Beyond]]''
* [[Russian–Ukrainian information war]]
* [[Soviet Central Television]]
* [[RTLM]]
{{div col end}}

== Explanatory notes ==
:1.{{note|a}}Writing in ''The New York Times'', Stephen Heyman estimated that more than $100 million had been spent on the station as of May 2008.<ref name="Heyman"/>

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{official website}} {{in lang|en|de|fr|es|ar|ru}}
* {{Twitter|RT_com}} ({{as of|2024|09|17|lc=yes}} withheld in the European Union and the United Kingdom in response to a legal demand<ref>{{cite web|url=https://x.com/RT_com |work=x.com |title= @RT_com |quote= @RT_com has been withheld in AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK in response to a legal demand. |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref>)

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Band Melam

2026-05-05T17:06:03Z

Aryakin2021:

{{Short description|2026 Indian Telugu film by Sathish Javvaji}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Band Melam
| image = Band Melam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sathish Javvaji
| writer =
| screenplay = Siva Mupparaju
| story = Sathish Javvaji
| producer = {{plain list|
* Kavya
* Shravya Kona
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* Harsh Roshan
* Sridevi Apalla
* [[P. Sai Kumar]]
}}
| cinematography = Satish Mutyala
| editing = Siva Mupparaju
| music = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| studio = [[Kona Film Corporation]]
| distributor = Mango Mass Media
| released = {{Film date|2026|03|26|df=yes}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Band Melam''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by Sathish Javvaji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-09-17 |title=‘Band Melam’ hits the right note with first beat glimpse |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/band-melam-hits-the-right-note-with-first-beat-glimpse-1007320 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TOI">{{cite news |date=26 March 2026 |title=Band Melam Movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/band-melam/movieshow/129676489.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Produced by [[Kona Film Corporation]], the film features Harsh Roshan, Sridevi Apalla and [[P. Sai Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-29 |title=Band Melam OTT release delivers powerful, heartfelt rural romance on ZEE5 |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/band-melam-ott-release-zee5-drama/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The film was released on 26 March 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-23 |title=Band Melam leads Sri Rama Navami weekend releases |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/band-melam-leads-sri-rama-navami-weekend-releases |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=May 2026}}

== Cast ==

* Harsh Roshan as Yadagiri "Giri"
* Sridevi Apalla as Raajamma "Raji"
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Sai, Raaji's father
* Goparaju Vijay as Sundarayya, Yadagiri's father
* Macha Ravi
* Shanthi
* Yogitha
* Avinash Dev
* Vihan Uday
* Viswanath Gandhavarapu
* Pooja Kendre
* Laxman Meesala

== Music ==
The soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Vijai Bulganin]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=Band Melam second single Pallelloni Sandhallanni Meeve out now |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Feb/28/band-melam-second-single-pallelloni-sandhallanni-meeve-out-now |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Thippukuntannav
| length1 = 3:41
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra1 = Ramu Rathod, Aditi Bhavaraju
| title2 = Pallelloni Sandhallanni Meeve
| length2 = 4:36
| lyrics2 = Chandrabose
| extra2 = [[Shweta Mohan]]
| title3 = Rajamma
| length3 = 4:13
| lyrics3 = Chandrabose
| extra3 = [[Ram Miriyala]]
| title4 = Ento Emo
| length4 = 3:17
| lyrics4 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| extra4 = [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| title5 = Ekkadi Dongalu Akkade GapChup
| length5 = 2:30
| lyrics5 = Kasarla Shyam
| extra5 = Mangli
| title6 = Band Melam Rap Song
| length6 = 2:35
| lyrics6 = Aakhil Baig
| extra6 = Aakhil Baig
| title7 = Janu O My Janu (Happy Song)
| length7 = 1:23
| lyrics7 = Kasarla Shyam
| extra7 = Saketh Komanduri
| title8 = Janu O My Janu (Sad Song)
| length8 = 2:00
| lyrics8 = Kasarla Shyam
| extra8 = Saketh Komanduri
| title9 = Thalarathe
| length9 = 2:52
| lyrics9 = Sreejo
| extra9 = Vijai Bulganin
}}

== Release ==
''Band Melam'' was initially schedule to release in theaters on 13 March 2026 but was released on 26 March 2026 coinciding with [[Sri Rama Navami]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2026-02-15 |title=Harsh Roshan-Sridevi’s Band Melam to hit screens on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Feb/15/harsh-roshan-sridevis-band-melam-to-hit-screens-on-this-date |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-09 |title=Sridevi and Harsh Roshan starrer Band Melam gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Mar/09/sridevi-and-harsh-roshan-starrer-band-melam-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> It was released on [[ZEE5]] on 24 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-17 |title=Band Melam OTT release date announced: When and where to watch Harsh Roshan, Sridevi Appala's Telugu romantic movie online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/band-melam-ott-release-date-announced-when-and-where-to-watch-harsh-roshan-sridevi-appalas-telugu-romantic-movie-online/articleshow/130326917.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sekhar Kusuma of ''[[Samayam Telugu]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 and called it a "routine film" citing weak writing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘బ్యాండ్‌మేళం’ మూవీ రివ్యూ - Band Melam Movie Review |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/harsh-roshan-sridevi-starrer-band-melam-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/129818337.cms |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref> [[Telugucinema.com]] rated the movie 1.5/5, criticizing the weak script, "amateurish" direction, and the lead actors' performances, noting that the 140-minute runtime felt "exhausting".<ref name="TCinema">{{cite web |date=26 March 2026 |title=Band Melam Review: A silly love story that tests your patience |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/band-melam-review-a-silly-love-story-that-tests-your-patience |website=Telugu Cinema}}</ref> ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' also gave the same rating and stated that, "Despite decent performances and a few passable moments early on, the film is dragged down by a routine story, a lifeless second half, and lack of emotional depth".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-26 |title=Band Melam Review & Rating: A Big Bore |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/band-melam-review-rating-big-bore-478257 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref> Sreejith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film a rating of 1/5, describing it as a "tedious and disconnected narrative" that failed to utilize its rural setting effectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sreejith |date=2026-03-29 |title=Band Melam Movie Review: A completely off-key and boring affair |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Mar/29/telugureview2026mar27band-melam-movie-review-a-completely-off-key-and-boring-affair |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38355298|Band Melam}}

[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijai Bulganin]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2026 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]

I. M. Kadri

2026-05-04T11:43:52Z

Aryakin2021: added basic data initial version

{{short description|Indian architect (born 1929)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Iftikhar M. Kadri
| image = File:Saab Photo.17.11.17.jpg
| practice = I.M.K Architects
| significant_buildings = [[Nehru Centre]], [[National Judicial Academy]]
| occupation = Architect & Civil Engineer
| significant_projects =
| awards =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1929}}
| website = {{Official website}}
}}'''Iftikhar M. Kadri''' (born 1929) is an Indian architect, civil engineer, and founder of I.M.K Architects in the city of [[Mumbai]], India.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=D'Souza|first=Ornella|date=3 April 2016|title=I don't like to name my buildings: IM Kadri|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/interview-i-don-t-like-to-name-my-buildings-im-kadri-2197472|access-date=30 December 2020|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite web|title=Projects By Imk Architects|url=https://ebuild.in/imk-architects-projects|access-date=30 December 2020|website=ebuild.in|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615145049/https://ebuild.in/imk-architects-projects|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has been a key figure in contributing to landmark buildings in several cities of [[India]], [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[Middle East]], [[Hong Kong]] among others.

== Early life and education ==
I.M. Kadri was born in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1929. He attended [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University in [[Delhi]] and completed his civil engineering degree with honours at the Engineering College of the [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Pune]] in 1953.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Gentle Creator- I.M. Kadri : Pree1301 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/scrbokadri_2568|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>

After graduating, he married Vipula Kadri a social worker from Karachi, and settled in [[New Delhi]]. He has 1 son, architect Rahul Kadri<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Kadri, Principal Architect & Partner, I.M. Kadri Architects|date=13 December 2015 |url=https://thepropertytimes.in/rahul-kadri-principal-architect-a-partner-imkadri-architects/|access-date=30 December 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2021 |title=Rahul Kadri - the Architecture of Sustainability |url=https://media.biltrax.com/rahul-kadri-the-architecture-of-sustainability/}}</ref> who is also the principal architect and director of IMK Architects, and 2 daughters, Isha Mehra<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trustees – PrideIndia|url=https://www.prideindia.org/category/trustees-team/trustees/|access-date=30 December 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Mana Shetty]] ([[Sunil Shetty]]'s wife).<ref>{{Cite web|title=People still call me Amdavad no jamai all the time: Suniel Shetty - The Times Of India - Ahmedabad, 1/18/2018|url=https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIA/2018/01/18&entity=Ar01903&sk=52F98CCB&mode=text|access-date=31 December 2020|website=epaper.timesgroup.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 December 2019|title=Malavika's Mumbaistan: Adrenaline Rush|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/malavika-s-mumbaistan-adrenaline-rush/story-D2b6z2Ee5kbjOXMo8uAxUP.html|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Nehru_Centre_11.jpg|thumb|[[Nehru Centre]]]]
Kadri started his architectural practice I.M. Kadri Architects in 1958 in [[Churchgate]], [[Mumbai]]. In 1971, he expanded his establishment to another company called Kadri Consultants Private Limited with its head office in [[Mumbai]] followed by branches in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] and [[Muscat]].

In the 1960s, I.M. Kadri was selected by Hilton senior management as an architect to build the proposed Bombay Hilton hotel in Worli, Mumbai, and was sent on a world tour to study all of Hilton's hotels around the globe. However, the Bombay Hilton Hotel was never built, and instead, Kadri went on to design many Indian hotels in the 1970s and 1980s, including many Taj hotels built in that era like the Taj Mahal (Mansingh) and Taj Palace Hotels in New Delhi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Divan's Bungalow|url=https://www.cityshor.com/ahmedabad/divan-s-bungalow/|access-date=31 December 2020|website=www.cityshor.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2011|title=Hilton: Back with a bang|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/hilton-back-with-a-bang/story-mWVtQJNLDPo1ETjkoQOqEK.html|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Some notable buildings designed by Kadri include the Shivsagar Estate,<ref name=":42">{{Cite journal|last1=Rupali Gupte|last2=Anuj Daga|last3=Karan Dalal|last4=Shivani Dave|date=2017|title=Mumbai Modern|url=https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-184549|journal=ABE Journal|language=en|volume=01|issue=9–10}}</ref> [[Nehru Centre|Nehru Center]],<ref name=":52">{{Cite news|last=Kulkarni|first=Srinivas Krishna|date=6 June 2018|title=Newsletter Vol: 19 Issue: 6|work=Nehru Centre Newsletter|url=http://www.nehru-centre.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/June_2018.pdf|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Ceat Mahal,<ref name=":62">{{Cite news|last=Ganesan|first=Ranjita|date=24 January 2015|title=Art for work's sake at Ceat's Mumbai office|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/art-for-work-s-sake-at-ceat-s-mumbai-office-115012201022_1.html|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Happy Home and School for the Blind<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|title=Retrospective: The Unprecedented Architectural Contribution of IM Kadri|url=http://www.houzz.in/magazine/stsetivw-vs~94267299|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Houzz}}</ref> and Otter’s Club<ref name=":82">{{Cite web|last=Karkare|first=Aakash|title='Mumbai is in worst shape': Architect IM Kadri speaks of his love and recent hate for the city|url=http://scroll.in/magazine/810781/mumbai-is-in-worst-shape-architect-im-kadri-speaks-of-his-love-and-recent-hate-for-the-city|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Scroll.in|date=10 July 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> in Mumbai.<ref name=":92" />

The [[Government of Maharashtra]], in recognition of his extensive social work, appointed I.M. Kadri the [[Sheriff of Mumbai|Sheriff of Bombay]] for the 1994 term.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=29 April 2002|title=Do you remember any of our sheriffs? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/Do-you-remember-any-of-our-sheriffs/articleshow/8279245.cms|access-date=30 December 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The [[Government of Maharashtra]] also appointed him as a member of the Steering Committee on Slums<ref name=":32">https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/154056/13/13_chapter%204.pdf{{Dead link | date=November 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Mid Day 1982- I.M. Kadri: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/dsc-25091|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> in the year 1981, and as a member of the Executive Committee of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] in 1994.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 1995|title=Minutes Of The 160th Meeting Of The Executive Committee of BMRDA|url=https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/documents/10180/1163902/MINUTES+EXC+160+10031995_1.PDF/c552f7c0-1ab9-44bd-9007-448e8f8a9f1b?version=1.0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007033257/https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/documents/10180/1163902/MINUTES+EXC+160+10031995_1.PDF/c552f7c0-1ab9-44bd-9007-448e8f8a9f1b?version=1.0|archive-date=7 October 2022|access-date=30 December 2020|website=PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He served as vice-president on the Board for the Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP)|url=https://cjp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/who.htm|access-date=30 December 2020|website=cjp.org.in}}</ref> formed in 2002 to promote communal harmony in India.

In 2016, Niyogi Publications published his book, ''The Architecture of I.M.Kadri''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mehta|first=Kaiwan|title=The architecture of I. M. Kadri|year=2016|isbn=978-93-85285-30-1|location=Mumbai and Delhi|oclc=944474336}}</ref>

=== Architectural Influences ===
At a young age, I.M. Kadri was largely influenced by the Diwan's Bungalow in which he lived. The residence had a garden, terraces and apparent interwoven visual connections, and was situated in a century-old palatial haveli in the historical quarter of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exploring India: 3 Heritage Stays In Ahmedabad, Gujarat|url=https://www.femina.in/life/travel/3-heritage-stays-in-ahmedabad-165677-2.html|access-date=31 December 2020|website=femina.in|date=19 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Kadri cites [[Mughal architecture|Mughal Architecture]] and [[calligraphy]] as influences, which can perhaps be seen in all his projects.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":82" />

== Notable projects ==

# Brighton, Mumbai, 1959<ref name=":82" />
# [[Islam Gymkhana, Mumbai|Islam Gymkhana]], Mumbai, 1963<ref name=":42" />
# Shivsagar Estate, Mumbai, 1967<ref name=":42" />
# Jeevan Manek for the Great Eastern Shipping Co. Ltd, Mumbai, 1968<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=18 December 2018|title=Modern Heritage: Listing|url=https://thinkmatter.in/2018/12/18/modernheritage/|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Matter|language=en}}</ref>
# Otters Club, Mumbai, 1973<ref name=":82" />
# Happy Home School for the Blind, Mumbai, 1971<ref name=":72" />
# [[Lake Palace|Lake Palace Hotel]], Udaipur, 1972<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=15 December 2011|first=Bharat|last=Yagnik|title=I M Kadri: Giving Amdavadi touch to luxury world's razzmatazz|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/I-M-Kadri-Giving-Amdavadi-touch-to-luxury-worldamp39s-razzmatazz/articleshow/11113995.cms|access-date=31 December 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
# [[Taj Hotels - Notable hotels|Fort Aguada Beach Resort]], Goa, 1973<ref name=":82" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=The Fountainhead 1992 : The Fountainhead : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/scrbokadri_2590|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
# [[Taj Coromandel|Taj Coromandel for Oriental Hotels Ltd]], Chennai, 1974<ref name=":82" /><ref name=":4" />
# CEAT Mahal, Mumbai, 1974<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":72" />
# Hoechst House, Mumbai, 1975<ref name=":92" />
# Swapnalok, Mumbai, 1978<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pree1301|url=http://archive.org/details/modele-page-3|title=Modele 1979 Swapnalok|date=October 1979|publisher=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>
# Taj Mahal (Mansingh) Hotel, New Delhi, 1979<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />
# Kashmir University Projects, Srinagar, 1980<ref name=":92" />
# [[Nehru Centre]], Mumbai, 1982<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":72" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />
# Taj Palace Hotel, New Delhi, 1982<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />
# Taj Krishna Palace, Hyderabad, 1984<ref name=":92" />
# Tata Fertilizers Ltd, Babrala, 1984<ref name=":72" />
# [[Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre|Kowloon Mosque]], Hong Kong, 1984<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" />
# The Oberoi Hotel, Bangalore 1986 &1996<ref name=":72" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oberoi Hotel Bangalore in Indian Architect and Builder : Indian Architect and Builder : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/iab-kadri|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
# [[Haj House (Mumbai)|Haj House]], Mumbai 1987<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haj House Mumbai : The illustrated Weekly of India : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/haj-house-mumbai|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
#Haveli House, Mumbai 1989<ref name=":72" />
# Sahyadri Guest House, Mumbai 1991<ref name=":82" /><ref name=":5" />
# Owaisi Teaching Hospital, Hyderabad 1996<ref name=":92" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2020|title=IMK Architects: Hospitals Then and Now|url=https://media.biltrax.com/imk-architects-hospitals-then-and-now/|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Biltrax Media, A Biltrax Group venture|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Sona College of Technology, Salem 1997<ref name=":92" />
# [[Breach Candy Hospital|Breach Candy Hospital & Research Centre]], Mumbai 1998<ref name=":4" />
# [[National Judicial Academy (India)|National Judicial Academy]], Bhopal 2005<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":82" />
# Ramada Hotel, Dubai 2006<ref name=":102">{{Cite web|title=361degrees|url=https://www.361degrees.net.in/i_m_kadri.html|access-date=30 December 2020|website=www.361degrees.net.in|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128100819/https://361degrees.net.in/i_m_kadri.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

== Awards, Honours and Recognition ==

# 1970, Invited by the [[Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Government of Iran]] to represent India in the Panel of ‘World Architect’s Conference' held in [[Isfahan]].<ref name=":102" />
# He served as a member of the Joint Committee on Tall Building, [[Lehigh University]], USA under [[UNESCO]].<ref name=":102" />
# 1979, International Recognition for being included in the ''' '''World Biographies of "Who's Who in the World Fourth Edition, published by Marquis Who's Who Inc., Leading Biographical Reference Publisher, [[Chicago]].<ref name=":102" />
# 1981, The [[Government of Maharashtra]] appointed him as Member of the Steering Committee on Slums.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":2" />
# The world’s highest stained glass mural, 135 feet tall, at the Ramada Hotel in Dubai, won Kadri an entry into the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramada Hotel Dubai by I.M. Kadri : Pree1301 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/dsc-2544|access-date=31 December 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
# International Biographical Centre, [[Cambridge|Cambridge, England]], in their Seventh Edition as "Men of Achievements".<ref name=":102" />
# 1993, The [[Institution of Engineers (India)|Institution of Engineers, India]], awarded I.M. Kadri a citation as an Outstanding Architectural Engineer.<ref name=":92" /><ref name=":102" />
# 1994, The [[Government of Maharashtra]] appointed him the Sheriff of Bombay in recognition of his extensive social work.<ref name=":12" />
# 1994, The [[Government of Maharashtra]] appointed him as a Member of the Executive Committee of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority]].<ref name=":22" />
# Winner of the Best Design Award at the International Competition for the “[[Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre|Kowloon Mosque]]” in [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":102" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Kowloon Mosque {{!}} General view over Kowloon Mosque|url=https://archnet.org/sites/508/media_contents/15320|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Archnet}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
#2021, Awarded the Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Trophy, Lifetime Achievement Award at the 12th CIDC Vishwakarma Awards 2021.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC) Vishwakarma Awards|url=http://www.cidc.in/support/12thVishwakarma/Awardees%20List_12th%20VKA%202021.pdf|access-date=19 March 2021|website=www.cidc.in}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadri, I.M.}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian civil engineers]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Qadiri order]]
[[Category:Sheriffs of Mumbai]]

Sonroopa Vishal

2026-05-04T11:39:41Z

Aryakin2021: started stub

{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1977)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sonroopa Vishal
| image = Sonroopa Vishal in Aagman 2021.jpg
| caption = Sonroopa Vishal in Aagman 2021
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|10|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Budaun]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Poet, Writer
| language = [[Hindi Language|Hindi]]
| nationality = Indian
| education = M.A. (Hindi), PhD
| alma_mater = Dayalbagh Educational Institute [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]] 
[[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]]
| period =
| genre = [[Poetry]], [[Ghazal]]
| notable_works = ''Likhna Zaruri Hai'' (2014) ''America Aur 45 Din'' (2018) ''Pichle Baras Ka Gulmohur'' (2019)
| awards = Harivansh Rai Bachchan Navodit Geetkaar Award (2014) & Jagadish Gupta Sarjana Award (2019) by [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| website = [http://www.sonroopa.com/ Official website]
}}
'''Sonroopa Vishal''' (born 30 October 1977) is an Indian writer, poet and author, who writes in the [[Hindi language]]. The [[State Government of Uttar Pradesh]] awarded her with the Harivansh Rai Bachchan Navodit Geetkaar Award in 2015<ref name="jagran.com">{{cite news |title=सोनरूपा को हरिवंश राय बच्चन युवा गीतकार सम्मान |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun-12689986.html |agency=[[Jagran Prakashan Limited]] |publisher=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=4 August 2015 |language=hi}}</ref> and Jagadish Gupta Sarjana Award in 2019.<ref name="livehindustan.com"/> Sonroopa Vishal has published three books, including ''Likhna Zaruri Hai'' (2014) and ''America Aur 45 Din'' (2018), and co-authored several books.<ref name="jagran"/>

== Early life and education ==
She has done an [[Master of Arts|MA]] in Hindi from [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]]. She has also studied Music from Dayalbagh Educational Institute and holds a Sangeet Prabhakar (bachelor of music degree) from [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]], [[Allahabad]]. She has done a [[PhD]] from [[Rohilkhand University]].<ref name=anubhuti>{{cite web |title=सोनरूपा विशाल |url=http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/anjuman/s/sonrupa_vishal/index.htm |website=Anubhuti-hindi.org |language=hi |date=2020-12-17}}</ref> She is the daughter of famous Hindi poet [[Urmilesh Shankhdhar|Dr. Urmilesh Shankhdhar]].<ref name="jagran.com"/>

== Career ==
Sonroopa published her first poetry collection in 2014 titled, ''Likhna Zaroori Hai''. The book was well received and won the Harivansh Rai Bachchan Navodit Geetkaar Samman by the [[State Government of Uttar Pradesh]] in 2015.<ref name="jagran.com"/>

Her second book, ''America Aur 45 Din'' was published in 2018 by Hindi Yugm. She wrote this travelogue during her stay in the US when she visited a series of poets' conferences organized in 25 cities of the US by the International Hindi Committee.<ref name="jagran"/> In January 2019, it was launched by [[Ashok Chakradhar]] at [[New Delhi World Book Fair]]. During the launch, Chakradhar said, that the way Sonroopa has seen America in her journey from this point of view is amazing. She is seen very beautifully threading the emotions and feelings of the mind.<ref>{{cite news |title=सोनरूपा की पुस्तक 'अमेरिका और पैंतालीस दिन' देख चक्रधर बोले अतिसुंदर |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun/story-ashok-chakradhar-appreciate-the-book-of-badaun-s-sonarupa-2359494.html |work=Livehindustan.com |publisher=[[Hindustan newspaper|Hindustan]] |date=13 January 2019 |language=hi}}</ref> In September 2019, she was honoured with the [[Jagadish Gupta|Jagadish Gupta Award]] for her book ''America Aur 45 Din'' by the [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]].<ref name="jagran">{{cite news |title=हिट हो गया सोनरूपा का 'अमेरिका और 45 दिन' |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun-dr-sonrupa-vishal-awarded-19598013.html |agency=[[Jagran Prakashan Limited]] |publisher=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=21 September 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>

Her third book is ''Pichle Baras Ka Gulmohur'', a poetry collection which was published in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=कवयित्री सोनरूपा के गीत संग्रह का विमोचन |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun-poetery-sonroopas-lounch-geet-sangrah-badaun-up-19327511.html |work=Jagran.com |publisher=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=19 June 2019}}</ref> She is the editor of [[Urmilesh Shankhdhar|Dr. Urmilesh]] special issue of Saraswati Suman magazine.<ref name=anubhuti/> Her fourth book, ''Hindi Ghazal Aur Dr. Urmilesh'' was published in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashthana |first1=Dr. Rohitashva |title=Book Review: हिंदी ग़ज़ल और डाॅ. उर्मिलेश |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/book-review/book-review-of-hindi-ghazal-aur-urmilesh |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=September 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

Sonroopa Vishal has also co-authored several books and anthologies, including ''Stri Hokar Saval Karti Hai'', ''Samkaleen Mahila Ghazalkar'', ''Kavita Anvarat'' and ''Srajan Ke Sitare''.<ref name="indianewengland.com">{{cite news |title=ISW Hosts Hasya Kavi Sammelan Today |url=https://indianewengland.com/2018/05/isw-hosts-hasya-kavi-sammelan-today/ |work=Indianewengland.com |date=11 May 2018}}</ref> She has recited and performed her poetry during [[Kavi sammelan]] at [[Red Fort]], [[Sahitya Academy]], [[IIT Kharagpur]], to various TV channels.<ref name="indianewengland.com"/> Vishal is also an [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]], [[Government of India]] approved vocalist and [[Ghazal]] singer.<ref name="indianewengland.com"/>

== Published works ==
=== Books ===
* ''Likhna Zaruri Hai'', 2014, Hind Yugm, {{ISBN|9789381394793}}
* ''America Aur 45 Din'', 2018, Hindi Yugm, {{ISBN|978-9387464476}}
* ''Pichle Baras Ka Gulmohur'', 2019, Anybook, {{ISBN|978-9386619358}}
* ''Hindi Ghazal Aur Dr. Urmilesh'', 2021, Anybook, {{ISBN|978-8195286874}}

=== Anthologies ===
* ''Stree Hokar Sawaal Karti Hai'', 2012, Bodhi Prakashan, {{ISBN|978-9381596395}}
* ''Nari Vimarsh Ke Arth'', 2013, Hindi Yugm, {{ISBN|978-9381394410}}
* ''Kavita Anvarat''

=== CDs ===
* ''Aapka Saath''<ref name="indianewengland.com"/>

== Award and recognition ==
* She won the '[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan|Harivansh Rai Bachchan Debutant Lyricist Award]]' for the year 2015 by [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] for her first [[Ghazal]] collection ''Likhna Zaruri Hai''.<ref name="jagran.com"/>
* In 2019, Sonroopa Vishal was awarded [[Jagadish Gupta|Jagadish Gupta Sarjana Award]] for her travelogue book, ''America Aur 45 Din'' by the [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="livehindustan.com">{{cite news |author1=Dinesh |title=जगदीश गुप्त पुरस्कार से सम्मानित हुईं कवियत्री डॉ. सोनरूपा विशाल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun/story-poetist-dr-sonrupa-vishal-honored-with-jagdish-gupta-award-2931629.html |work=Livehindustan.com |publisher=[[Hindustan newspaper|Hindustan]] |date=31 December 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>
* In 2018, she was honoured with the Geet-Ghazal Shiromani Award by the Consulate-General of India in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]].<ref name="amarujala.com">{{cite news |title=बदायूं की बेटी सोनरूपा ने साहित्य जगत में बिखेरी प्रतिभा, हो रही वाहवाही |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/budaun/badaun-s-daughter-talent-badaun-news-bly395517775 |work=Amarujala.com |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=12 February 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
* Vishal was awarded the Yuva Ratna Shikhar Samman at the 24th [[National Youth Festival (India)|National Youth Festival]] under the banner of the Institute of Professional Studies in November 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=डॉ सोनरूपा विशाल व जुबेर अंसारी को मिला युवा रत्न शिखर सम्मान |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-yuva-2284412.html |work=Livehindustan.com |publisher=[[Hindustan newspaper|Hindustan]] |date=26 November 2018 |language=hi}}</ref>
* In November 2012, Sonroopa Vishal was awarded the 'Kala Shree Samman' at the International Hindi Conference organized by the Adharshila Sansthan in [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite news |title=डॉ. सोनरूपा को कला श्री सम्मान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/Badaun-54628-119 |work=Amarujala.com |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=7 November 2012}}</ref>
* In March 2018, she was given Sahitya Gaurav Samman by Rajya Karmachari Sahitya Sansthan, UP, and the award was bestowed by [[Ram Naik]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=राज्यपाल साहित्यकारों को पुरस्कार एवं सम्मान दिया |url=http://www.yugjagran.com/uploads/128.pdf |publisher=Yug Jagaran Newspaper |date=12 March 2018 |pages=8 |language=hi}}</ref>
* She received the 'Kavita Ke Chhupe Rustam' Award in [[SAB TV]]'s comic poetry series, ''[[Wah Wah Kya Baat Hai]]'' in 2012.<ref name="amarujala.com"/>
* She was awarded the 'Budaun Gaurav Samman' by the then [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{cite web |title=परिचय - सोनरूपा विशाल |url=https://www.shabdankan.com/2013/04/sonroopa-vishal.html |website=Shabdankan.com |language=hi |date=12 December 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Poetry}}
* [[List of Hindi-language authors]]
* [[List of Hindi-language poets]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.sonroopa.com/ Official website]
* [http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2 Sonroopa Vishal] at Kavitakosh.org
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishal, Sonroopa}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]
[[Category:People from Budaun]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]

Yemparala Venkateswara Rao

2026-04-23T08:04:27Z

Aryakin2021: started new biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yemparala Venkateswara Rao
| image =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
| term_start = 1999
| term_end = 2004
| predecessor = [[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]]
| successor = [[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]]
| birth_date = 1 March 1932
| spouse = Rajeswari
| alma_mater = [[Hindu College, Guntur]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
}}

'''Yemparala Venkateswara Rao''' is an Indian politician who served as Member of [[13th Lok Sabha]] from [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 13th Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Andhra+Pradesh&lsno=13 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> In [[1999 Indian general election]], he got 3,99,065 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999 India General Elections Results |url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1999-election-results.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 1 March 1932 and married Rajeswari on 8 March 1950.<ref name=":0" /> He was educated from [[Hindu College, Guntur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Member's Bioprofile |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=361&lastls=13 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Yemparala Venkateswara}}
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

{{AndhraPradesh-TDP-politician-stub}}

Bagli Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T14:07:11Z

Aryakin2021: starting basic data w/ infobox

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bagali
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 174
| map_image = 174-Bagli.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency|Khandwa]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Murli Bhawara]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Pahadsingh Kannoje
}}
'''Bagli''' Assembly constituency, also spelled Bagali, is one of the seats in [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is a segment of [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/ghatiya.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Bagli (ST) Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref><ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2017-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> The constituency was reserved for Scheduled Tribes in 2008. Previously it was the long time seat of former Chief Minister [[Kailash Chandra Joshi]] and is a BJP bastion.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<ref name="MBECI1951">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14}}</ref>
| [[Mishrilal Gangwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name=election1957>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3728-madhya-pradesh-1957/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election -1957 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
| rowspan="9" |[[Kailash Chandra Joshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Shyam Holani
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Deepak Joshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |Champalal Devda
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|Pahadsingh Kannoje
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Murli Bhawara]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagli<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Murli Bhawara]]
|votes = {{formatnum:105320}}
|percentage = 50.27
|change = +1.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gopal Bhosle
|votes = {{formatnum:97541}}
|percentage = 46.55
|change = +4.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1608}}
|percentage = 0.77
|change = -0.9
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7779}}
|percentage = 3.72
|change = -2.68
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:209526}}
|percentage = 82.43
|change = -0.95
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagli<ref name="election2018"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Pahadsingh Kannoje
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:89417}}
|percentage = 48.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kamal Waskale
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:77574}}
|percentage = 41.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Tersingh Devda
|votes = {{formatnum:8234}}
|percentage = 4.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mukesh Kumar Bhilala
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2136}}
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suresh Morya
|votes = {{formatnum:1934}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3086}}
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11843}}
|percentage = 6.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185010}}
|percentage = 83.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagli }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Champalal Devda
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 87,580
|percentage = 55.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tersingh Devda
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 62,248
|percentage = 39.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,938
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bheem Singh Morya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,759
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Rajendra-Kedar
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|votes = 1,070
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 25,332
|percentage = 16.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,57,564
|percentage = 77.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Dewas district]]
* [[Bagli, Dewas]]
* [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dewas district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.64|76.34|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dewas district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Saleng A. Sangma

2026-04-16T07:12:23Z

Aryakin2021: started a post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saleng A. Sangma
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Meghalaya]], [[India]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Agatha Sangma]]
| successor =
| office1 = Member of the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Gambegre (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gambegre]]
| term_start1 = 2013
| predecessor1 =
| term_end1 = 2024
| successor1 = [[Mehtab Sangma]]
| spouse =
| children =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2023 - Present)
| other_party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Before 2023)
}}
'''Saleng A. Sangma''' is an Indian politician from [[Meghalaya]]. He formerly served as member of [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Gambegre Assembly constituency|Gambegre]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gambegre Election and Results 2023, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/gambegre.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref> He belongs to the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lone NCP MLA resigns, re-joins Congress|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2023/01/24/meghalaya-2023-lone-ncp-mla-resigns-re-joins-congress/}}</ref><ref name="Ex-legislators {{!}} In the major league now">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=13 July 2024 |title=Ex-legislators {{!}} In the major league now |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-legislators-in-the-major-league-now-2565848-2024-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806121923/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-legislators-in-the-major-league-now-2565848-2024-07-13 |archivedate=6 August 2024 |accessdate=6 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangma, Saleng A.}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Meghalaya]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

{{Meghalaya-INC-politician-stub}}
{{NCP-politician-stub}}

Amit Tandon

2026-04-11T14:11:33Z

Aryakin2021: starting a data initial version

{{Short description|Indian television actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English||date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Tandon
| image = Amit-Tandon-Launch-of-Nisha-Rawals-single-Aye-Dil-Hai-Mushkil-21.jpg
| caption = Tandon at Launch of [[Nisha Rawal]]’s single ‘Aye Dil Hai Mushkil’
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 11 April<ref>{{cite web |title=Actor-singer Amit Tandon celebrates his birthday amid lockdown |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3R_mN4_LzI |website=YouTube | date=11 April 2020 |publisher=IndiaTV |access-date=18 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|musician}}
| years_active = 2004–2018
| known_for = ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'' ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]'' ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''
| spouse = {{marriage|Ruby Tandon|2007}}<ref name=personal/><ref name=wife/>
| children = 1
| website = {{URL|amittandonmusic.com}}
}}

'''Amit Tandon''' (born 11 April) is an Indian singer, musician, and a television actor. His career in the entertainment industry started after he participated in the reality show ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''.<ref name=career/> He is known for playing the characters of Prithvi Bose in ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'' and Dr. Abhimanyu Modi in ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''. He also appeared as Subramaniam "Subbu" Chandran in ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' and Abhishek Khurana in ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''.

==Career==
Tandon came to India to participate in the country's first reality TV show and had made his way to the final round of ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''. He was the second to be eliminated on 31 December 2004. He provided vocals for the ''Indian Idol 1'' album and another album also featuring the Idol finalists titled ''Yaaron''. After ''Idol'', he was next seen as Prithvi in ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'' alongside [[Mohammad Iqbal Khan|Iqbal Khan]] and Neha Bamb. Prithvi was a supporting character who later became an antagonist until he ended up dead in the middle of the show. He was then cast in the role of Manthan, Karan and Tanya's son, in the serial, ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''. The show last aired on 6 November 2008. After ''Kyunki'', his next show was the [[Zee TV]] drama, ''[[Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan]]''. He played the role of an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]], Abhay Singh.

After taking part in ''Indian Idol'', Tandon took part in two more reality shows - ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar]]'' and ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''. He performed in the Indian telly awards 2009 with Sara Khan on twist (''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''). He was also there on an episode of ''Laughter Ke Phatke''. Since 15 January 2011, he is the host of the reality show ''[[Dadagiri (Hindi TV series)|Dadagiri]]'' Season 4 on UTV Bindass. He portrayed Dr. Abhimanyu Modi in ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' opposite Nikita Malhotra (portrayed by [[Shweta Gulati]]). He is also seen as Jimmy/Rahul in ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''.

In 2008, Tandon released his debut solo album, ''Tanha - Lonely at Heart'' on Tips.<ref name=career>{{cite news|url=http://www.tips.in/spotlight/tanha.htm |title=Tanha - Lonely at Heart |publisher=tips.in |access-date=23 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901072533/http://www.tips.in/spotlight/tanha.htm |archive-date=1 September 2009 }}</ref>

In 2015, he portrayed Subbu Chandran in ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' and in 2017, Abhishek Khurana in ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=New entry in Yeh Hai Mohabbatein, Amit Tandon to play Divyanka's former fiance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-amit-tandon-entry-divyanka-tripathi-former-fiance-248674-2015-04-15 |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=India Today |date=15 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki's Amit Tandon dedicates a post to Kratika Dheer as he exits the show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasam-tere-pyaar-kis-amit-tandon-dedicates-a-post-to-kratika-dheer-as-he-exits-the-show/articleshow/63814127.cms |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2007, he married Ruby Tandon, a [[dermatologist]], with whom he has a daughter named Jiyana. They separated in 2017, but reconciled in 2019.<ref name=personal>{{cite news |last=Mathur |first=Yashika |date=11 August 2017 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-amit-tandon-confirms-separation-from-wife-ruby-says-infidelity-not-the-reason/story-k7M6UENb3H4bYNlFQEf1YO.html |title=Actor Amit Tandon confirms separation from wife Ruby, says infidelity not the reason |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=4 October 2017 }}</ref><ref name=wife>{{cite news |title=TV actor Amit Tandon calls off divorce with wife Ruby: 'We are living very much as husband and wife' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tv-actor-amit-tandon-calls-off-divorce-with-wife-ruby-we-are-living-very-much-as-husband-and-wife/story-9cSG96MJIbtRQowFZPYJZO.html |access-date=16 February 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
|2014
| ''[[Creature 3D]]''
| Arjun
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]''
| Prithvi Bose
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]''
| Natesh
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
| Manthan Virani
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Bhabhi (TV series)|Bhabhi]]''
| Nihal
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2008
| ''[[Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan]]''
| Abhay Singh
|-
| ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar]]''
| rowspan="3" | Contestant
|-
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''
|-
| ''Jalwa Four 2 Ka 1''
|-
| 2008–2010
| ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''
| Dr. Abhimanyu Modi
|-
| 2010
| ''Laughter Ke Phatke''
| Himself
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Dadagiri (Hindi TV series)|Dadagiri]]''
| Host
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''[[Hum Ne Li Hai...Shapath]]''
| Sumit
|-
| ''Sapnon Hai Pyaar Ki Kahaani''
| Sumeet Singh
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''
| Contestant
|-
| ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''
| Rahul Chaturvedi
|-
|2014
|''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
|Nishant
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015
| ''[[Bhanwar (1998 TV series)|Bhanwar]]''
| Advocate Rohit Rajput
|-
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| Public Prosecutor Mr. Jain
|-
| ''[[Ye Hai Mohabbatein]]''
| Dr. Subramaniam "Subbu" Chandran
|-
| ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi]]''
| Rajat
|-
| ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''
| Professor Akash
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Adaalat (season 2)]]''
| Monty Khanna
|-
| ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]]''
| Kamal Chopra
|-
| 2017–2018
| [[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]
| Abhishek Khurana
|-
|}

===Discography===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! Title
! Label
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''
| [[Sony BMG]]
|-
| 2005
| ''Yaaron''
| [[Sony BMG]]
|-
| 2008
| ''Tanha - Lonely at Heart''
| Tips
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|id=2088950}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|amit-tandon}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tandon, Amit}}
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian Idol participants]]
[[Category:Indian male pop singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian podcasters]]

Barahnaja

2026-03-27T07:10:57Z

Aryakin2021: starting some data w/ sources

{{Short description|Traditional Indian agricultural technique}}
[[File:Terraced farming, paddy cultivation in Kumaon, Uttarakhand - 2.jpeg|thumb|Typical [[Terrace (earthworks)|terrace fields]] in [[Uttarakhand]].]]
'''Barahnaja''' (lit. "twelve seeds") is an ancient traditional system of [[multiple cropping]] that is practised in the Indian mountainous state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7J-AAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity - Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement, United Nations Environment Programme - Google Books |date=2008-10-03 |publisher=Intermediate Technology |isbn=978-1-85339-397-6 |accessdate=2022-02-20}}</ref> The term literally means "twelve seeds or food grains" in [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and refers to the twelve types of crops that are grown together in a single field to enhance [[soil fertility]], [[food security]], and [[ecological balance]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rALsAIC82YQC&pg=PA186 |title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes ... - Google Books |isbn=9788178353838 |accessdate=2022-02-20|last1=Bhatt |first1=Shankarlal C. |year=2006 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref> There are no [[Pesticide|pesticides]] or [[Fertilizer|fertilizers]] involved in this method, and many crops in the ''barahnaja'' system have medicinal uses.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vGzAAAAIAAJ |title=Pathways: In Search of Exemplary Practices on Environment and Sustainable ... - Google Books |date=2008-07-11 |publisher=Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations |isbn=978-971-8817-18-6 |accessdate=2022-02-20}}</ref> This sustainable and traditional farming method is [[Climate resilience|climate-resilient]] and has been recognized as "[[Organic farming|organic]] by default".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9|title=Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region|first1=Kavita|last1=Gururani|first2=Salej|last2=Sood|first3=Anil|last3=Kumar|first4=Dinesh C.|last4=Joshi|first5=Dinesh|last5=Pandey|first6=A. R.|last6=Sharma|date=March 1, 2021|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|volume=30|issue=3|pages=551–574|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9|pmid=33526962|pmc=7838019|bibcode=2021BiCon..30..551G }}</ref>

==Types of crops==
The twelve major crops that are grown under the ''barahnaja'' system include:<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct6YMRvYJQ4C&pg=PA120 |title=Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities - Vishwambhar Prasad Sati, Kamlesh Kumar - Google Books |isbn=9788170998983 |accessdate=2022-02-20|last1=Sati |first1=Vishwambhar Prasad |last2=Kumar |first2=Kamlesh |year=2004 |publisher=Mittal Publications }}</ref>

1.''Mandua/Ragi'' ([[finger millet]]) 
2. ''Ramdana'' ([[amaranth]]) 
3. ''Rajma'' ([[kidney bean]]) 
4. ''Ogal'' ([[buckwheat]]) 
5. ''Urad'' ([[black gram]]) 
6. ''Moong'' ([[green gram]]) 
7. ''Gahat/Kulath'' ([[horsegram]]) 
8. ''Bhat'' ([[soyabean]]) 
9. ''Lobiya'' ([[Cowpea]]) 
10. ''Kheera/kakdi'' ([[cucumber]]) 
11. ''Bhangjeera'' ([[hemp]]) 
12. ''Jakhiya'' ([[Jakhiya|cleome]])

Although the term means "twelve seeds or food grains", this can change depending on the local [[terrain]] and [[climate]], and farmers can grow as many as 20 different crops on the field. All these are grown without the use of [[pesticides]] or [[fertilizers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/12-grain-route-to-prosperity--38263 |title=12 grain route to prosperity |publisher=Downtoearth.org.in |date=2012-05-23 |accessdate=2022-02-20}}</ref>

==Benefits of the farming method==
The traditional farming method of ''barahnaja'' has been widely studied, and is known to have the following advantages: suitable for ecologically fragile regions; sustainable and self-sufficient; preventing [[soil erosion]]; food security as threat of widespread crop failure is minimised; health benefits to consumers with its chemical-free approach; enhances [[soil health]] and fertility.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9|title=Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region|first1=Kavita|last1=Gururani|first2=Salej|last2=Sood|first3=Anil|last3=Kumar|first4=Dinesh C.|last4=Joshi|first5=Dinesh|last5=Pandey|first6=A. R.|last6=Sharma|date=March 1, 2021|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|volume=30|issue=3|pages=551–574|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9|pmid=33526962|pmc=7838019|bibcode=2021BiCon..30..551G }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Agronomy]]
[[Category:Culture of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Environment of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Crops originating from India]]
[[Category:Permaculture]]
[[Category:Organic farming in Asia]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Sustainable agriculture]]

Sivaji Raja

2026-03-26T19:22:57Z

Aryakin2021:

{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sivaji Raja
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1962|02|26}}
| birth_place = [[Bhimavaram]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| yearsactive =
| homepage =
| occupation = Actor, Producer
| education =
| alma_mater =
| father =
| spouse = G. Aruna
| children = 2
}}
'''Sivaji Raja''' (born 26 February 1962) is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]] and television shows. He appeared in more than 400 films. He is also known for his work in TV serials ''[[Amrutham (TV series)|Amrutam]]'', ''Alasyam Amrutham Visham'', ''Mr.Romeo'', ''Pandu Mirapakai'', ''Papam Padmanabham'' and ''[[Moguds Pellams]]''. He has won four [[Nandi awards|Nandi award]] and a [[Santosham Film Awards|Santosham Film Award]].

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes and {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|1979
|''Chaaya''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1987
|''[[Maharshi (1987 film)|Maharshi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sankeertana]]''
|
|
|-
|1988
|''[[Kallu (film)|Kallu]]''
|Rangadu
|
|-
|1989
|''[[Ontari Poratam]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1990
|''[[Bobbili Raja]]''
|
|
|-
|''Neti Charitra''
|Edukondalu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neti Charitra (1990) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AFAY/info |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|''Sahasa Putrudu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chinnari Muddula Papa]]''
|Sivaji
|
|-
|''Idem Pellam Baboi ''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1991
|''[[Vidhata (1991 film)|Vidhata]]''
|Prathap
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidhata 1991 Telugu Movie Cast Crew, Actors, Director, Vidhata Producer, Banner, Music Director, Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/vidhata-9356/cast-crew |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ganga''
|
|
|-
|''Jeevana Chadarangam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Indra Bhavanam]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1992
|''Pellam Chepithe Vinali''
|
|
|-
|''[[Asadhyulu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1993
|''[[Evandi Aavida Vachindi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Abbayigaru]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Joker (1993 film)|Joker]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Pekata Papa Rao]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1994
|''Gharana Alludu''
|Errababu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gharana Alludu (1994) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AIPH |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|''Alludu Poru Ammayi Joru''
|Rajesh
|<ref>{{Citation |title=ALLUDI PORU AMMAI JORU {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SUMAN {{!}} VENITHA {{!}} CHANDRA MOHAN {{!}} TELUGU CINEMA ZONE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6XMo_95YH8 |access-date=2023-05-18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Prema & Co.''
|
|
|-
|''[[Bobbili Simham]]''
|
|
|-
|''O Thandri O Koduku''
|
|
|-
|''[[Number One (1994 film)|Number One]]''
|
|
|-
|''Srivari Priyuralu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1995
|''[[Ghatotkachudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''Telugu Veera Levara''
|Srinu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teluguveera Levaraa (1995) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AJWT |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ketu Duplicate|Ketu Duplicatu]]''
|
|
|-
|''Madhya Taragati Maha Bharatnam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Vajram (1995 film)|Vajram]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Vaddu Bava Thappu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mounam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sisindri]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1996
|''[[Pelli Sandadi]]''
|
|
|-
|''Kuturu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Adavi Dora]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Maavichiguru]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mummy Mee Aayanochadu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Vinodam]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1997
|''[[Aahvaanam]]''
|
|
|-
|''Hello, I Love You ''
|
|
|-
|''Nayanamma''
|
|
|-
|''Priyamaina Srivaru''
|
|
|-
|''[[Devudu]]''
|Bangaru Raju
|
|-
|''Abbai Gari Pelli''
|
|
|-
|''[[Priya O Priya]]''
|
|
|-
|''Allari Pellikoduku''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |1998
|''[[Daddy Daddy]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Premante Idera]]''
|
|
|-
|''Subbaraju Gari Kutumbam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Pape Naa Pranam]]''
|
|
|-
|''Life Lo Wife''
|
|
|-
|''Kalavari Chellelu Kanaka Mahalakshmi''
|
|
|-
|''[[Abhishekam (film)|Abhishekam]]''
|
|
|-
|''Kodukulu''
|
|
|-
|''Allari Pellam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Pelli Peetalu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1999
|''[[Anaganaga Oka Ammai]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Krishna Babu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Samudram (1999 film)|Samudram]]''
|
|
|-
|''Vichitram''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nee Kosam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Raja Kumarudu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2000
|''Mee Aayana Jagratha''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kodanda Ramudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nuvvu Vastavani]]''
|
|
|-
|''Sivanna''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ninne Premistha]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sardukupodaam Randi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sri Srimati Satyabhama]]''
|Ravi's friend
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2001
| ''[[Pandanti Samsaram]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Murari (2001 film)|Murari]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhalevadivi Basu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chandu (2001 film)|Chandu]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Prema Sandadi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Narasimha Naidu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ninnu Choodalani]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sampangi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2002
|''[[Nee Sneham]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mounamelanoyi]]''
|
|
|-
|''Sahasa Baludu Vichitra Kothi''
|Vamsi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahasa Baludu Vichitra Kothi Movie Cast |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/sahasa-baludu-vichitra-kothi-2002}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2003
|''[[Dhanush (film)|Dhanush]]''
|Rambabu
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-dhanush.html|title=Weak script|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=Idlebrain.com|author-link=Gudipoodi Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|last=Srihari|accessdate=Sep 1, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Palanati Brahmanaidu (film)|Palanati Brahmanaidu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Neeke Manasichaanu]]''
|Gangaraju
|
|-
|''[[Ninne Istapaddanu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Villain (2003 film)|Villain]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2004
|''[[Anandamanandamaye]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Letha Manasulu (2004 film)|Letha Manasulu]]''
|
|
|-
|''No''
|
|
|-
|[[Varsham (2004 film)|''Varsham'']]
|
|
|-
|''[[Puttintiki Ra Chelli]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Shankar Dada MBBS]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2005
|''[[Keelu Gurram (2005 film)|Keelu Gurram]]'' || Pinni
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-keelugurram.html|title=Movie review - Keelugurram|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=4 February 2005|access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Youth (2005 film)|Youth]]''
|Velu
|
|-
|''[[Kanchanamala Cable TV]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kumkuma (film)|Kumkuma]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Okkade]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Pandem]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Moguds Pellams]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Seenugadu Chiranjeevi Fan]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2006
|''[[Aadi Lakshmi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Aithe]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chinnodu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mayajalam (2006 film)|Maayajaalam]]''
|
|
|-
|''Manasistha Ra''
|
|
|-
|''Manasundira''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007
|''50 Lakh'' (Hindi)
|
|
|-
|''Aho Brahma Oho Shishya''
|
|
|-
|''[[Viyyalavari Kayyalu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Yamagola Malli Modalayindi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2008
|''Andamaina Abaddam''
|
|
|-
|''Akhirat''
|
|
|-
|''[[Brahmanandam Drama Company]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kalidasu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Hero (2008 film)|Hero]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nagaram (2008 film)|Nagaram]]''
|
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]''
|
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Ranga The Donga]]''
|
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Virodhi (2011 film)|Virodhi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''[[Devaraya (film)|Devaraya]]''
|
|
|-
|''Kalalukandam Ra''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nandeeswarudu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[Sevakudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chammak Challo (film)|Chammak Challo]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015||''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' || || Cameo appearance
|-
|''[[Soukhyam]]''
|
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Raja Cheyyi Vesthe]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|''[[Nakshatram (film)|Nakshatram]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nene Raju Nene Mantri]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mental Madhilo]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018
|''[[Nartanasala (2018 film)|Nartanasala]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Jai Simha]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[MLA (2018 Telugu film)|MLA]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ammammagarillu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nela Ticket]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Neevevaro]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Idam Jagath]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Brochevarevarura]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Suryakantham (film)|Suryakantham]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''[[Adbhutham]] ''
|Chandra Mohan
|
|-
|''[[Arjuna Phalguna]]''
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[10th Class Diaries]]''
|
|
|-
|2022
|''Jetty''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
|[[Usha Parinayam (2024 film)|''Usha Parinayam'']]
|
|
|-
|''[[Premalo]]''
|Satyanarayana
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
|''[[Hathya]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Oka Brundavanam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Karmanye Vadhikaraste]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Raju Weds Rambai]]''
|
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Vanaveera]]''
|Raghu’s father
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Network
!Notes
|-
|2001–2002
|[[Amrutham (TV series)|''Amrutham'']]
|[[Gemini TV]]
|
|-
|
|''Srimathi Sri Subrahmanyam''
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|
|-
|
|''Sambarala Rambabu''
|Gemini TV
|
|-
|
|''Neelo Sagam''
|
|
|-
|
|''Mr. Romeo''
|[[Zee Telugu]]
|
|-
|
|''Moguds Pellams''
|
|
|-
|
|''Pandu Mirapakai''
|
|
|-
|
|''Papam Padmanabham''
|
|
|-
|
|''Alasyam Amrutham Visham''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Nanna Koochi]]''
|[[ZEE5]]
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm0707296}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raja, Sivaji}}
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:People from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]

{{India-actor-stub}}

Suriya filmography

2026-03-26T13:48:22Z

Aryakin2021: slightly updated structure to improve readability further and added references for consistency

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox filmography list
| name = Suriya
| image = Soorya sivakumar.jpg
| image_upright = 1
| alt = Photograph of actor Suriya, smiling, looking to his right.
| caption = Suriya in 2011
| film = 45
| television_series = 1
| web_series =
| television_show = 1
| radio_show =
| documentary =
| hosting =
| music_videos = 2
| narrating =
| theatre =
| advertising =
| others = 2
}}
[[Suriya]] is an Indian actor and film producer who works primarily in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref name="Rakta Charitra 2 Movie Review">{{Cite news |date=4 May 2016 |title=Rakta Charitra 2 Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/rakta-charitra-2/movie-review/7034794.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115163415/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/rakta-charitra-2/movie-review/7034794.cms |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Kanabar">{{Cite news |last=Kanabar |first=Nirali |date=25 April 2022 |title=Akshay Kumar, Radhika Madan start filming for Suriya's Soorarai Pottru Hindi remake |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-radhika-madan-start-filming-for-suriya-s-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1941512-2022-04-25 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425063931/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-radhika-madan-start-filming-for-suriya-s-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1941512-2022-04-25 |archive-date=25 April 2022}}</ref> He made a commercially successful cinematic debut in [[Vasanth]]'s ''[[Nerrukku Ner]]'' (1997).<ref name="Landmark">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=20 October 2011 |title=Looking at Suriya's landmark films |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-looking-at-suriyas-landmark-films/20111020.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115114925/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-looking-at-suriyas-landmark-films/20111020.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=11 November 2008 |title=The best of Surya |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/11sli1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144226/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/11sli1.htm |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> After few critical and commercial failures, Suriya collaborated with Vasanth again in ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]'' (1999), his first film with his future wife [[Jyothika]].<ref name="Landmark" /><ref name="Talk">{{Cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |last2=Shankar |first2=T.S. |last3=Radhakrishnan |first3=R.K. |date=11 July 2001 |title=Talk of the Town |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/11/stories/0411401v.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116123338/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/11/stories/0411401v.htm |archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2001, Suriya starred in [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Nandhaa]]'' as an ex-convict trying to find his place in society.<ref name="NamanOutlook">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=22 July 2013 |title=Singam On Song |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/singam-on-song/286838 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117161035/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/singam-on-song/286838 |archive-date=17 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref> The film was critically acclaimed and became a turning point in his career.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 July 2002 |title=A chip off the old block |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117083719/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |archive-date=17 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="CNN5">{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=23 July 2015 |title=Happy Birthday Suriya: 5 performances that make him the 'Singam' of Tamil cinema |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-suriya-5-performances-that-make-him-the-singam-of-tamil-cinema-1024604.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117083853/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/18-years-of-suriya-how-a-garment-factory-worker-turned-into-the-most-bankable-tamil-star-1079969.html |archive-date=17 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> His roles as a police officer in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' (which became his first blockbuster) and a [[Confidence trick|con artist]] in Bala's ''[[Pithamagan]]'', established him as one of Tamil cinema's leading actors.<ref name="Landmark" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=29 December 2003 |title=Reel of fortune |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/12/29/stories/2003122900170100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117085958/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/12/29/stories/2003122900170100.htm |archive-date=17 January 2017}}</ref> Suriya's performances in both films were praised, winning him a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]] nomination for the former and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil|Best Supporting Actor]] for ''Pithamagan'' at the [[51st Filmfare Awards South]].<ref name="Filmfare2003">{{Cite news |date=4 June 2004 |title=51st Annual Manikchand Filmfare Award winners |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/51st-Annual-Manikchand-Filmfare-Award-winners/articleshow/718496.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150126140422/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/51st-Annual-Manikchand-Filmfare-Award-winners/articleshow/718496.cms |archive-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> The following year, he played [[dual role]]s—a hunchback and a college student—in ''[[Perazhagan]]''. Suriya's performance was again praised, and he received his first [[52nd Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Best Actor award]].<ref name="NamanOutlook" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Surendran |first=Anusha |date=18 April 2016 |title=Twice as nice |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/twice-as-nice/article8488429.ece |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305081344/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/twice-as-nice/article8488429.ece |archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> He was also acclaimed for his performance as a student leader in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Aayutha Ezhuthu]]'' (2004).<ref name="NamanOutlook" />

In 2005, Suriya starred in three films: ''[[Maayavi]]'', ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' and ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]''. His performance in ''Ghajini'' as a businessman with [[anterograde amnesia]] was widely praised,<ref name="CNN5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=30 December 2005 |title=Tamil cinema's new high |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/30/stories/2005123001140100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004052839/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/30/stories/2005123001140100.htm |archive-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> and was commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2006 |title=Will Suriya's Aadhavan go Ayan's way? |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-aadhavan-suriya-new-tamil-film-after-ayan/20090828.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624220745/https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-aadhavan-suriya-new-tamil-film-after-ayan/20090828.htm |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=22 June 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''Maayavi'' and ''Aaru'' were moderately successful.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2005 |title=Chennai box-office (Mar 25{{ndash}}27) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupk4hgbcbec |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119103452/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupk4hgbcbec |archive-date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2006 |title=Chennai box-office (Jan 06{{ndash}}08) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupluegfdhgb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119104939/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupluegfdhgb |archive-date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Suriya then appeared in ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' (2008).<ref name="VAMR">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 November 2008 |title=An ode to dad dearest — Vaaranam Aayiram |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/An-ode-to-dad-dearest-Vaaranam-Aayiram/article15400806.ece |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115134248/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/An-ode-to-dad-dearest-Vaaranam-Aayiram/article15400806.ece |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> His dual role as father and son earned him another Filmfare Best Actor award.<ref name="Filmfare2008">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2009 |title=56th Filmfare Awards 2008 given away |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/56th-filmfare-awards-2008-given-away-news-tamil-kkfrEufbgecsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119121245/http://www.sify.com/movies/56th-filmfare-awards-2008-given-away-news-tamil-kkfrEufbgecsi.html |archive-date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Suriya's next three films were ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'' (2009), ''[[Aadhavan]]'' (2009) and ''[[Singam]]'' (2010). The latter, which was his most commercially successful film spawned two sequels: ''[[Singam II]]'' (2013) and ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'' (2017).<ref name="Special">{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=23 July 2014 |title=Birthday Special: 10 Best Films of Suriya |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-10-best-films-of-suriya-south/20140723.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119124913/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-10-best-films-of-suriya-south/20140723.htm |archive-date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2017 |title=S3 now becomes C3 for tax-exemption! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/s3-now-becomes-c3-for-tax-exemption-news-tamil-rbrjIWhfheief.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118154617/http://www.sify.com/movies/s3-now-becomes-c3-for-tax-exemption-news-tamil-rbrjIWhfheief.html |archive-date=18 January 2017 |access-date=18 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>{{efn|name="25thfilm"|''Singam'' was Suriya's 25th film.<ref name="Special" />}} Suriya made his [[Hindi]] and [[Telugu cinema]] debuts in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s [[gangster film]] ''[[Rakta Charitra 2]]'' (2010).<ref name="Landmark" /><ref name="Oberoi">{{Cite news |date=3 September 2015 |title=Birthday special: Vivek Oberoi's 5 memorable performances |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/birthday-special-vivek-oberois-5-memorable-performances/16506199 |access-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116100205/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/birthday-special-vivek-oberois-5-memorable-performances/16506199 |archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref>

Suriya then played the [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] and creator of [[Shaolin Kung Fu]], [[Bodhidharma]], and his fictional descendant Aravind, in ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]'' (2011).<ref name="7Sense">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=26 October 2011 |title=Review: 7am Arivu is worth a watch |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-seven-am-arivu/20111026.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115162548/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-seven-am-arivu/20111026.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parsai |first=Gargi |date=17 February 2016 |title='Education will give flight to girls': Anandmurti Gurumaa |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/education-will-give-flight-to-girls-anandmurti-gurumaa/article8249133.ece |access-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119130850/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/education-will-give-flight-to-girls-anandmurti-gurumaa/article8249133.ece |archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> His only 2012 release was ''[[Maattrraan]]'', in which he played [[conjoined twins]].<ref name="Maattrraan">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=12 October 2012 |title=Review: Maattrraan is not up to the mark |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-maattraan-is-not-up-to-the-mark/20121012.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115161957/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-maattraan-is-not-up-to-the-mark/20121012.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In 2015, Suriya released ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]'', the first film from his [[2D Entertainment]] production company.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=3 May 2016 |title=Suriya has Rs.50 crore market potential in Andhra, Telangana |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gnanavel-raja-speaks-on-suriyas-24/article8551774.ece |access-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119131016/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gnanavel-raja-speaks-on-suriyas-24/article8551774.ece |archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> He played three roles for the first time in [[Vikram Kumar]]'s successful [[science fiction film]] ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2016 |title=Five reasons why you should watch 24 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-24-news-tamil-qffjX7idahecg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119132201/http://www.sify.com/movies/five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-24-news-tamil-qffjX7idahecg.html |archive-date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> His performance won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – South|Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 December 2016 |title=Kollywood's 2016 report card |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Kollywood%E2%80%99s-2016-report-card/article16937524.ece |access-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119131702/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Kollywood%E2%80%99s-2016-report-card/article16937524.ece |archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="FF2017">{{Cite news |date=18 June 2017 |title=Winners: 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south/articleshow/59192157.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618065742/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south/articleshow/59192157.cms |archive-date=18 June 2017}}</ref> Following ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam|Thaana Serndha Koottam]]'' (2018) and ''[[Kaappaan]]'' (2019), he worked in the acclaimed [[direct-to-streaming]] films ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' (2020) and [[Jai Bhim (film)|''Jai Bhim'']] (2021).<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2021 |title=After Soorarai Pottru, Suriya's Jai Bheem finds a place in IMDb's Top Ranked movies |work=[[News18]] |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suriyas-jai-bhim-not-shawshank-redemption-is-now-highest-rated-movie-on-imdb-4427048.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131072802/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/suriyas-jai-bhim-not-shawshank-redemption-is-now-highest-rated-movie-on-imdb-4427048.html |archive-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> For ''Soorarai Pottru'', Suriya won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=68th National Film Awards winners list: Suriya's Soorarai Pottru wins big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/68th-national-film-awards-winners-list-8045178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722132721/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/68th-national-film-awards-winners-list-8045178/ |archive-date=22 July 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Film ==
* ''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''

{{Pending films key}}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya film credits as actor
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 1997
! scope="row" | ''[[Nerrukku Ner]]''
| Suriya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Landmark" />
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1998
!scope="row" | ''[[Kaadhale Nimmadhi]]''
| Chandru
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmography">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2009 |title=Filmography: Surya |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/filmography-surya-news-tamil-kkfse3egcjcsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115121130/http://www.sify.com/movies/filmography-surya-news-tamil-kkfse3egcjcsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Sandhippoma]]''
| Vishwa Santhosh
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmography" />
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1999
!scope="row" | ''[[Perianna]]''
| Suriya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmography" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=24 April 1999 |title=Unlikely romantic flick |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WPxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3BQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3958%2C3838664 |access-date=24 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]''
| Krishna Bharathi
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Landmark" /><ref name="Filmography" />
|-
| 2000
!scope="row" | ''[[Uyirile Kalanthathu]]''
| Suriya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=6 October 2000 |title=Film Review: Uyirilae Kalandhadhu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/10/06/stories/0906022b.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115121454/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/10/06/stories/0906022b.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001
!scope="row" | ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]''
| Chandru
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=26 January 2001 |title=Film Review: Friends |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/26/stories/09260223.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115121607/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/26/stories/09260223.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Nandhaa]]''
| Nandhaa
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tulika |date=6 December 2001 |title=Strangely familiar |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/06nandha.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115121745/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/06nandha.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2002
!scope="row" | ''[[Unnai Ninaithu]]''
| Suriya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=5 May 2002 |title=Unnai Ninaithu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/17/stories/2002051701370200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115122202/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/17/stories/2002051701370200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Sri (2002 film)|Sri]]''
| Sri
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=26 July 2002 |title=Sri |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/26/stories/2002072600880201.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115122623/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/26/stories/2002072600880201.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Mounam Pesiyadhe]]''
| Gautham
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=27 December 2002 |title=Mounam Pesiyadhae |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/27/stories/2002122701430200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115122355/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/27/stories/2002122701430200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003
!scope="row" | ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]''
| Anbuselvan
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare2003" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 August 2003 |title=Kaakha Kaakha |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/08/stories/2003080801870200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124434/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/08/stories/2003080801870200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Pithamagan]]''
| Sakthivel
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare2003" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=31 October 2003 |title=Pithamagan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124430/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2004
!scope="row" | ''[[Perazhagan]]''
| Chinna (Prem Kumar) and Karthik{{efn|Suriya played two roles.|name=dual}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="NamanOutlook" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=14 May 2004 |title=Paerazhagan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401630300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124433/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401630300.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Aayutha Ezhuthu]]''
| Michael Vasanth
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=28 May 2004 |title=Aayudha Ezhuthu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/28/stories/2004052801670300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124938/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/28/stories/2004052801670300.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2005
!scope="row" | ''[[Maayavi]]''
| Abhes Balayya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=18 March 2005 |title=Maayavi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031801860201.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124444/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031801860201.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]''
| Sanjay Ramaswamy (Manohar){{efn|Suriya played a character with two or more names.|name=character}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=7 October 2005 |title=On another psycho trip |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702700200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115125058/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702700200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]''
| Aarumugam (Aaru)
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=16 December 2005 |title=Blood flows too freely |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/12/16/stories/2005121602680200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115125832/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/12/16/stories/2005121602680200.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
!scope="row" | ''[[June R]]''
| Raja
| Cameo
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajan |first=M. C. |date=22 July 2012 |title=DMK siren Kushbu to make Bollywood comeback opposite Amitabh Bachchan |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kushbu-bollywood-comeback-opposite-amitabh-bachchan-110556-2012-07-21 |access-date=15 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131346/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kushbu-bollywood-comeback-opposite-amitabh-bachchan/1/209573.html |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]''
| Gautham
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=8 September 2006 |title=An aimless affair — Sillunu Oru Kadhal |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/an-aimless-affair-sillunu-oru-kadhal/article3230641.ece |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115133022/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/an-aimless-affair-sillunu-oru-kadhal/article3230641.ece |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2007
!scope="row" | ''[[Vel (film)|Vel]]''
| Vetrivel and Vasudevan{{efn|name=dual}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="VelSify">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2007 |title=Vel |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vel-review-tamil-pclwzbfegcihb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115133448/http://www.sify.com/movies/vel-review-tamil-pclwzbfegcihb.html |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008
!scope="row" | ''[[Kuselan]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance in the song "Cinema Cinema"
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmography" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |page=219 |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |orig-date=2012}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]''
| Krishnan and Suriya{{efn|name=dual}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="VAMR" /><ref name="Filmfare2008" />
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
! scope="row" | ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]''
| Devaraj Velusamy (Deva)
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=3 April 2009 |title=Ayan is a must-watch |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/apr/03review-ayan.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115134254/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/apr/03review-ayan.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode |title=57th Filmfare Awards South |series=Filmfare Awards South |network=[[The Times Group]] |date=7 August 2010}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aadhavan]]''
| Madhavan Subramaniam (Aadhavan){{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2009 |title=Aadhavan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadhavan-review-tamil-pclxskdcdgdgd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115133041/http://www.sify.com/movies/aadhavan-review-tamil-pclxskdcdgdgd.html |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010
! scope="row" | ''[[Singam]]''
| Duraisingam
| 25th film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=29 May 2010 |title=Singam Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Singam/movie-review/5987899.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115163419/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Singam/movie-review/5987899.cms |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode |title=58th Filmfare Awards South |series=Filmfare Awards South |network=The Times Group |date=2 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rakta Charitra 2]]''
| Yeturi Suryanarayana Reddy
| {{Ubl | Telugu-Hindi bilingual film; | Partially reshot in Tamil as ''Ratha Sarithiram''}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Oberoi" /><ref name="Rakta Charitra 2 Movie Review" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2010 |title=Suriya's Rakta Charitra 2 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/dec/07/ratha-sarithiram-208774.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221110322/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/dec/07/ratha-sarithiram-208774.html |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manmadan Ambu]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance in the song "Oyyale"
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=1 March 2011 |title=It's cameo craze for Kollywood actors! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Its-cameo-craze-for-Kollywood-actors/articleshow/7595016.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515152222/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Its-cameo-craze-for-Kollywood-actors/articleshow/7595016.cms |archive-date=15 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
! scope="row" | ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance in the song "Aga Naga"
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2011 |title=Sanjaana makes Suriya, Karthi dance |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sanjaana-makes-Suriya-Karthi-dance/articleshow/7358963.cms? |url-status=dead |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115161237/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sanjaana-makes-Suriya-Karthi-dance/articleshow/7358963.cms |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Avan Ivan]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=17 June 2011 |title=Review: Avan Ivan fails in execution |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-avan-ivan/20110617.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116101221/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-avan-ivan/20110617.htm |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]''
| [[Bodhidharma]] and Aravind{{efn|name=dual}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="7Sense" /><ref>{{Cite episode |title=59th Filmfare Awards South |series=Filmfare Awards South |network=The Times Group |date=7 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
! scope="row" | ''[[Maattrraan]]''
| Akhilan and Vimalan Ramachandran{{efn|name=dual}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Maattrraan" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2013 |title=60th Idea Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Nominations |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603-4.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120084209/http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603-4.html |archive-date=20 January 2017 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=18 November 2014 |title=The sweat way to success |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/actor-suriya-who-kicks-off-the-dusk-to-dawn-marathon-on-saturday-shares-his-fitness-mantra/article6611494.ece |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115160107/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/actor-suriya-who-kicks-off-the-dusk-to-dawn-marathon-on-saturday-shares-his-fitness-mantra/article6611494.ece |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Singam II]]''
| Duraisingam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=5 July 2013 |title=Film Review Singam 2 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JT6XqzUiqaHtOxtClFsudK/Film-Review--Singam-2.html |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115154953/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JT6XqzUiqaHtOxtClFsudK/Film-Review--Singam-2.html |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2014 |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards — Complete Nominations List |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/61st-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-Complete-Nominations-List/articleshow/38267114.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001111356/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/61st-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-Complete-Nominations-List/articleshow/38267114.cms |archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Ninaithathu Yaaro]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikraman's Ninaithathu Yaaro ( (நினைத்தது யாரோ ) 2014 Tamil Full Movie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipj0KI0J99Y|website=YouTube |date=28 April 2015 |time=1:56:33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comparison to Vijay gave a big boost to my confidence: Rajith Menon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/comparison-to-vijay-gave-a-big-boost-to-my-confidence-rajith-menon/articleshow/20893574.cms|website=The Times of India |date=4 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]''
| Raju Bhai (Krishna){{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Anjaan">{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=16 August 2014 |title=Anjaan review: Don yawn |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/anjaan-review/article6324278.ece |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115160336/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/anjaan-review/article6324278.ece |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[Massu Engira Masilamani]]''
| Masilamani (Mass) and Sakthivel (Sakthi){{efn|name=dual}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=30 May 2015 |title=Massu Engira Masilamani review: Suriya impresses, rest predictable |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/massu-engira-masilamani-review-suriya-impresses-rest-predictable/story-UnM6grSoCWdtKRbSZs3mfM.html |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115164905/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/massu-engira-masilamani-review-suriya-impresses-rest-predictable/story-UnM6grSoCWdtKRbSZs3mfM.html |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pasanga 2]]''
| Dr. Thamizh Nadan
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="PasangaSuriya">{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=26 December 2015 |title=Movie Review 'Pasanga 2': An educative film worth watching |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151226/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-pasanga-2-educative-film-worth-watching |access-date=15 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115164032/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151226/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-pasanga-2-educative-film-worth-watching |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]''
|Athreya, Manikandan and Sethuraman{{efn|Suriya played three roles.}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="FF2017" /><ref name="24Suriya">{{Cite news |last=Goutham |first=VS |date=9 May 2016 |title=24 movie review: Suriya's 'Athreya' is a role to remember for years |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/24-movie-review-suriyas-athreyan-is-a-role-to-remember-for-years-2788454/ |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115165223/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/24-movie-review-suriyas-athreyan-is-a-role-to-remember-for-years-2788454/ |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]''
| Duraisingam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=9 February 2017 |title=Si3 Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/si3/movie-review/57059210.cms |url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170209113244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/si3/movie-review/57059210.cms |archive-date=9 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]''
|Nachinarkiniyan (Iniyan) / Uthaman{{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=12 January 2018 |title='Thaanaa Serndha Kootam' review: An able and fresh adaptation |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-an-able-and-fresh-adaptation/article22427545.ece |access-date=12 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114114623/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-an-able-and-fresh-adaptation/article22427545.ece |archive-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=13 July 2018 |title=Kadaikutty Singam movie review: A fairly entertaining drama |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kadaikutty-singam-movie-review-rating-karthi-5257691/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072615/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kadaikutty-singam-movie-review-rating-karthi-5257691/ |archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[NGK (film)|NGK]]''
| Nandha Gopalan Kumaran (NGK){{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanjuam |first=Srinivasa |date=31 May 2019 |title='NGK' movie review: An oddly-put together mash-up of a movie |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ngk-movie-review-an-oddly-put-together-mash-up-of-a-movie/article27365388.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531055301/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ngk-movie-review-an-oddly-put-together-mash-up-of-a-movie/article27365388.ece |archive-date=31 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kaappaan]]''
| Kathiravan (Kathir)
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="S37">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaappaan/movie-review/71214794.cms |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190920065342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaappaan/movie-review/71214794.cms |archive-date=20 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]''
| Nedumaaran Rajangam (Maara){{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=12 November 2020 |title='Soorarai Pottru' movie review: A splendid Suriya shoulders this rollercoaster ride |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soorarai-pottru-movie-review-a-splendid-suriya-shoulders-this-rollercoaster-ride/article33078536.ece |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040203/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soorarai-pottru-movie-review-a-splendid-suriya-shoulders-this-rollercoaster-ride/article33078536.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2021
! scope="row"| ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''
| [[K. Chandru]]
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2021 |title=Jai Bhim movie review: Suriya leads a decisively realistic courtroom drama that reflects contradictions Ambedkar spoke of |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jai-bhim-movie-review-suriya-leads-a-decisively-realistic-courtroom-drama-that-reflects-contradictions-ambedkar-spoke-of-10101851.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101063853/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jai-bhim-movie-review-suriya-leads-a-decisively-realistic-courtroom-drama-that-reflects-contradictions-ambedkar-spoke-of-10101851.html |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
! scope="row"|''[[Etharkkum Thunindhavan]]''
| A. R. Kannabiran
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=10 March 2022 |title=Etharkum Thunindhavan movie review: Suriya shoulders a thoughtful commercial film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/etharkum-thunindhavan-movie-review-suriya-shoulders-a-thoughtful-commercial-film-10446831.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310133303/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/etharkum-thunindhavan-movie-review-suriya-shoulders-a-thoughtful-commercial-film-10446831.html |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]''
| [[Rolex (character)|Rolex]]
| Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Aakash |date=3 June 2022 |title='Oh! What A Cameo' Fans Are Hailing Suriya's Performance In Kamal Haasan's 'Vikram' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/news/108962-vikram-release-fans-loving-suriya-cameo-rolex-kamal-haasan-film-review-vijay-sethupathi.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=[[MensXP]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Suriya, Shah Rukh Khan land cameos in Madhavan's 'Rocketry: The Nambi Effect' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-shah-rukh-khan-land-cameos-madhavan-s-rocketry-nambi-effect-98239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618030958/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-shah-rukh-khan-land-cameos-madhavan-s-rocketry-nambi-effect-98239 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
! scope="row"|''[[Sarfira]]''
| Unnamed businessman{{efn|His character is introduced as the "King of Silk Trade" and an investor in [[Deccan Air]].}}
|Mid-credits cameo; Hindi film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="sp">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/new-film-sarfira-how-far-will-akshay-kumar-go-in-the-pursuit-of-his-crazy-dreams-5048688|title=New Film Sarfira: How Far Will Akshay Kumar Go In The Pursuit Of His "Crazy" Dreams?|date=13 February 2024|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=13 February 2024|archive-date=13 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213090018/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/new-film-sarfira-how-far-will-akshay-kumar-go-in-the-pursuit-of-his-crazy-dreams-5048688|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kanguva]]''
| Kanguva and Francis Theodore{{efn|name=dual}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2024|title=Suriya's Kanguva moves into post-production|work=[[Cinema Express]]|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/14/suriyas-kanguva-moves-into-post-production-phase-52036.html}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope="row" |''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''
| Paarivel "Paari" Kannan (Jada Muni){{efn|name=character}}
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="s44">{{Cite news|date=6 October 2024|title=Suriya wraps Suriya 44 shoot, shares pic with 'brother for life' Karthik Subbaraj|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-sivakumar-wraps-suriya-44-shoot-karthik-subbaraj-2612242-2024-10-06|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2026
!scope= "row" {{pending film|italic=no|''[[Karuppu (film)|Karuppu]]''}}
| Saravanan
| Post-production
| style=text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025|title=Suriya's 45th film gets a powerful title 'Karuppu'|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suriyas-45th-film-gets-a-powerful-title-karuppu-981420 |website = [[The Hans India]] }}</ref>
|-
!scope= "row" {{pending film|italic=no|''[[Vishwanath & Sons]]''}}
| Sanjay Vishwanath
|Post-production
| style=text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2026|title=Suriya 46 titled Vishwanath & Sons; release window announced|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Mar/02/suriya-46-titled-vishwanath-and-sons-release-window-announced|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
!scope= "row" {{pending film|italic=no|''Suriya 47''}}
|TBA
|Filming
| style=text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2025|title='Suriya 47', directed by Jithu Madhavan, goes on floors; Naslen and Nazriya to co-star |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-47-directed-by-jithu-madhavan-goes-on-floors-naslen-and-nazriya-to-co-star/article70368829.ece |access-date=7 December 2025|website = [[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|}

=== As producer ===
{{See also|2D Entertainment}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya film credits as producer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2015
!scope="row" | ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=15 May 2015 |title=36 Vayadhinile: Worth a cheer, despite a broad TV-soap approach |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/36-vayadhinile-review-worth-a-cheer-despite-a-broad-tvsoap-approach/article7210772.ece |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115164026/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/36-vayadhinile-review-worth-a-cheer-despite-a-broad-tvsoap-approach/article7210772.ece |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Pasanga 2]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="PasangaSuriya" />
|-
| 2016
!scope="row" | ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="24Suriya" />
|-
| 2017
!scope="row"| ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2017 |title=Suriya and Vijay Sethupathi join hands |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jyothika-rocks-tough-girl-look-bullet-new-magalir-mattum-poster-55750 |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115170052/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jyothika-rocks-tough-girl-look-bullet-new-magalir-mattum-poster-55750 |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
!scope="row" | ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2018 |title=Suriya to produce, Karthi is the hero! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-produce-karthi-is-the-hero-news-tamil-rgkl4kgabciih.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620042818/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-produce-karthi-is-the-hero-news-tamil-rgkl4kgabciih.html |archive-date=20 June 2018 |access-date=20 June 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Uriyadi 2]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2019 |title=Teaser of Suriya produced 'Uriyadi 2' released |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/teaser-of-suriya-produced-uriyadi-2-released-119032300279_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019060523/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/teaser-of-suriya-produced-uriyadi-2-released-119032300279_1.html |archive-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jackpot (2019 film)|Jackpot]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2019 |title=Jackpot: After Naachiyaar, Jyothika dons khaki again for Suriya's film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jackpot-after-naachiyaar-jyothika-dons-khaki-again-for-suriya-s-film-1515032-2019-05-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083118/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jackpot-after-naachiyaar-jyothika-dons-khaki-again-for-suriya-s-film-1515032-2019-05-02 |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020
!scope="row" | ''[[Ponmagal Vandhal]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2019 |title=Jyothika's next titled 'Pon Magal Vandhal', Suriya unveils title poster |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jyothika-s-next-titled-pon-magal-vandhal-suriya-unveils-title-poster-105477 |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715132131/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jyothika-s-next-titled-pon-magal-vandhal-suriya-unveils-title-poster-105477 |archive-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2020 |title=Soorarai Pottru: Suriya and team to take 100 kids on a flight to launch Veyyon Silli song |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/soorarai-pottru-suriya-and-team-to-take-100-kids-on-a-flight-to-launch-veyyon-silli-song-1645668-2020-02-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080057/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/soorarai-pottru-suriya-and-team-to-take-100-kids-on-a-flight-to-launch-veyyon-silli-song-1645668-2020-02-12 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
!scope="row" | ''[[Raame Aandalum Raavane Aandalum]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=Suriya to release four films on OTT in four months |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-to-release-four-films-on-ott-in-four-months/articleshow/85063585.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805081930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-to-release-four-films-on-ott-in-four-months/articleshow/85063585.cms |archive-date=5 August 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Udanpirappe]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2022
!scope="row"|''[[Oh My Dog]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Viruman]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 2021 |title=Suriya to produce Karthi's upcoming film 'Viruman' |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/sep/06/suriya-to-produce-karthis-upcoming-film-viruman-2354946.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311043036/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/sep/06/suriya-to-produce-karthis-upcoming-film-viruman-2354946.html |archive-date=11 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024
! scope="row"|''[[Sarfira]]''
| Hindi film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="sp" />
|-
! scope= "row" | ''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=Karthi to do a film with 96' director Premkumar? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jan/16/karthi-to-do-a-film-with-96-director-premkumar-38812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524154056/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jan/16/karthi-to-do-a-film-with-96-director-premkumar-38812.html |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025
! scope= "row" |''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="s44" />
|-
! scope= "row" |''Leading Light''
| Documentary
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-and-jyotika-17-year-old-daughter-diya-makes-directorial-debut-with-leading-light-101758943530961.html#google_vignette|title=Suriya and Jyotika's 17-year-old daughter Diya makes her directorial debut with Leading Light. Here's what it's about|last=Das|first=Ananya|work=Hindustan Times|date=2025-09-27|accessdate=2025-09-30}}</ref>
|}

=== Voice actor ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya film credits as a voice actor
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Actor
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2007
!scope="row" |''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] dubbed version
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Sriram |date=13 January 2007 |title=Tamil Guru does not have the real feel |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/13guru.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115134228/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/13guru.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''
| [[Aamir Khan]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title='I just want to make good films'|website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aamir/20080812.htm|date=12 August 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
!scope="row" | ''[[Ghazi (film)|Ghazi]]''
| {{n/a}}
| Narrator for the Tamil dubbed version
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2017 |title=Ghazi Tamil Trailer: Suriya's voice-over adds edginess to the underwater war drama |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/ghazi-tamil-trailer-suriyas-voice-over-adds-edginess-to-the-underwater-war-drama/articleshow/57125146.cms |access-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220170604/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/ghazi-tamil-trailer-suriyas-voice-over-adds-edginess-to-the-underwater-war-drama/articleshow/57125146.cms |archive-date=20 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
! scope="row"|''[[Ponmagal Vandhal]]''
| {{n/a}}
| Narrator
| style=text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020|title=The exploitation gimmick in Ponmagal Vandhal is horrifying|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/exploitation-gimmick-in-ponmagal-vandhal-is-horrifying-6438073/|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As distributor ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya film credits as distributor
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Singam II]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2015 |title=Actor Suriya to star in and produce Singam 3 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/actor-suriya-to-star-in-and-produce-singam-3/story-UHavZ0VuwGv6l88wbazfxL.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080055/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/actor-suriya-to-star-in-and-produce-singam-3/story-UHavZ0VuwGv6l88wbazfxL.html |archive-date=26 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadugu]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2017 |title='Kadugu' to release on March 24 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kadugu-to-release-on-march-24-imagegallery-kollywood-rdwq0Sdjhfieb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329104449/http://www.sify.com/movies/kadugu-to-release-on-march-24-imagegallery-kollywood-rdwq0Sdjhfieb.html |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Sillu Karuppatti]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2020 |title=Suriya, Jyothika throw a party to celebrate 50-day run of Sillu Karuppatti, see pics |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-jyothika-throw-a-party-to-celebrate-50-day-run-of-sillu-karuppatti-see-pics/story-d0Eo44lZhLvKPdZZ4jX5SL.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329193552/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-jyothika-throw-a-party-to-celebrate-50-day-run-of-sillu-karuppatti-see-pics/story-d0Eo44lZhLvKPdZZ4jX5SL.html |archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2022
! scope="row" |''[[Gargi (film)|Gargi]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;"" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=Suriya and Jyotika team up with actor Sai Pallavi for Gargi |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-and-jyotika-team-actor-sai-pallavi-gargi-165257 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001103200/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-and-jyotika-team-actor-sai-pallavi-gargi-165257 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
! scope="row" |''[[My Lord (film)|My Lord]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 February 2026|title=Sasikumar on My Lord's opening: 'We felt a little worried, but…'|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/19/sasikumar-on-my-lords-opening-we-felt-a-little-worried-but|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya television credits
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role
! scope="col" |Network
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2012–2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi]]''
| Himself
| [[Star Vijay]]
| {{ubl | Game show; Host (season 1) | Participant (season 2)}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=23 December 2011 |title=Want to win a crore? |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/want-to-win-a-crore/article2741693.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723192753/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/want-to-win-a-crore/article2741693.ece |archive-date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=14 June 2013 |title=The real face-off! |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-real-faceoff/article4814076.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618065526/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-real-faceoff/article4814076.ece |archive-date=18 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" |''[[Navarasa (TV series)|Navarasa]]''
| Kamal
| [[Netflix]]
| Episode: "Guitar Kambi Mele Nindru"
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2021 |title=Suriya and Prayaga play Kamal and Nethra in 'Guitar Kambi Mele Nindru' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-and-prayaga-play-kamal-and-nethra-in-guitar-kambi-mele-nindru-news-tamil-vhugc3cbcdhbd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063511/https://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-and-prayaga-play-kamal-and-nethra-in-guitar-kambi-mele-nindru-news-tamil-vhugc3cbcdhbd.html |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
! scope="row" |''[[Nayanthara: Beyond the Fairytale]]''
| Himself
| Netflix
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/nayanthara-beyond-the-fairytale-documentary-review-moments-of-vulnerability-shine-the-brightest-in-this-quest-for-true-love-9675193/|title=Nayanthara – Beyond the Fairytale Documentary Review: Moments of vulnerability shine the brightest in this quest for true love|last=Ramachandran|first=Avinash|work=The Indian Express|date=2024-11-18|accessdate=2025-06-27}}</ref>
|}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya film music credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2014
!scope="row" | ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]''
| "Ek Do Teen"
| Composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] Co-sang with [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2014|title=Anjaan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/anjaan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/899050412|website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{TableTBA}}
! scope="row" | ''[[Party (upcoming film)|Party]]''
| "Cha Cha Charey"
| Composed by [[Premgi Amaran]] Co-sang with [[Karthi]], [[Kharesma Ravichandran]], [[Venkat Prabhu]] and [[Premgi Amaren]]
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2018 |title=Cha Cha Charey (From "Party") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/cha-cha-charey-from-party-single/1406698225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180920141643/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cha-cha-charey-from-party-single/1406698225 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |access-date=20 September 2018 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020
! scope="row" |''[[Soorarai Pottru]]''
| "Maara Theme"
| Composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2019 |title=Suriya raps for Soorarai Pottru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-raps-for-soorarai-pottru/articleshow/72109498.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120181236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-raps-for-soorarai-pottru/articleshow/72109498.cms |archive-date=20 November 2020 |access-date=24 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Soorarai Pottru|Aakaasam Nee Haddhu Ra]]''
| "Maha Theme"
|Telugu dubbed version
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Maha Theme (Telugu) [From "Aakaasam Nee Haddhu Ra"] – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/maha-theme-telugu-from-aakaasam-nee-haddhu-ra/1496304606 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200326075655/https://music.apple.com/us/album/maha-theme-telugu-from-aakaasam-nee-haddhu-ra/1496304606?i=1496304609 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope= "row"|''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''
| "Love Detox"
| Composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Retro Full Audio Jukebox|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llEOhCl71Xo|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|}

== Music video appearances ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="filmography"
|+ List of Suriya music video credits
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Performer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2016
! scope="row" | "[[Spirit of Chennai]]"
| rowspan="2" | Himself
| C. Girinandh
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendra |first=Ranjani |date=9 January 2016 |title=Celebrating the spirit of Chennai |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103414/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece |archive-date=22 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | "Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan"
|{{sort|Prasanna|[[Nivas K. Prasanna]]}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE6zm6OAghg |title=Kootathil Oruthan {{!}} Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan ( Gift Song ) Feat. Nivas K Prasanna {{!}} Ashok Selvan |date=20 June 2017 |publisher=[[Think Music India]] |access-date=24 July 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/oE6zm6OAghg |archive-date=24 January 2022 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}

== Short film ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ List of Suriya short film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2005
! scope="row" |''Inaintha Kaigal''
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2005 |title=Maayavi's Magic Cure |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/maayavis-magic-cure/article28149015.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031601/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/maayavis-magic-cure/article28149015.ece |archive-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
! scope="row" |''[[Herova? Zerova?]]''
|Also producer
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2008 |title=TN actors in documentary highlighting evils of child labour |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200805162223.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604120118/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200805162223.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Suriya]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|name=Suriya filmography|id=1421814}}

{{featured list}}

[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]

Appi Aamchi Collector

2026-03-25T11:39:04Z

Aryakin2021: starting first entry v1

{{Short description|2022 Indian Marathi language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| genre = [[Drama]]
| company = [[Vajra Production]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| image = Appi Aamchi Collector ZM.jpg
| image_size =
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 845
| producer = [[Shweta Shinde]] Sanjay Khambe
| news_editor =
| location = [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]]
| cinematography =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|8|22}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2025|3|15}}
| related =
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
}}

'''''Appi Aamchi Collector''''' ({{translation|Appi Our Collector}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] TV series airing on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमोल पाहणार त्याच्या माँ आणि बाबाची लव्हस्टोरी; लाडक्या लेकासाठी अप्पी अन् अर्जुन करणार असं काही…; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-tv-serial-amol-will-watch-love-story-of-appi-and-arjun-revist-past-nsp-98-4673551/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref> It is produced by [[Shweta Shinde]] under the banner of [[Vajra Production]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=अखेर बाप-लेकाची भेट झाली, अमोलला भेटताच अर्जुन भावुक, कडकडून मिठी मारताच रडू लागला अन्… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amchi-collector-serial-update-finally-arjun-and-amol-have-met-new-promo-viral-on-social-media/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 22 August 2022 by replacing ''[[Satyawan Savitri]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमोलकडे आता फक्त दोन महिने शिल्लक, या काळात आई-बाबांबरोबर घालवणार वेळ, भावुक प्रोमो समोर |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amchi-collector-serial-updates-amol-only-two-months-left-to-live-a-life-emotional-promo-out/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref> It starred Shivani Naik and Rohit Parshuram in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पुण्यात पुन्हा होणार सिम्बा आणि अर्जुनची भेट; अप्पीला कळणार नियतीचा हा संकेत |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/tv-serial-appi-amchi-collector-simba-and-arjun-meet-again-in-pune-a-a734/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
An inspirational journey of an ordinary village girl Appi, who fights against all odds and becomes a collector. Life takes a turn when Appi falls in love with a corrupt police officer, Arjun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“अमोल आम्ही परत लग्न करतोय”, लेकासाठी अर्जुन-अप्पी पुन्हा एकदा लग्नबंधनात अडकणार; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/arjun-appi-will-get-married-soon-for-son-amol-who-is-coping-with-illness-appi-aamchi-collector-promo-nsp-98-4748765/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Shivani Naik as Collector Aparna Suresh Mane / Aparna Arjun Kadam (Appi)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivani Naik is happy to make her TV debut with Appi Aamchi Collector - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shivani-naik-is-happy-to-make-her-tv-debut-with-appi-aamchi-collector/articleshow/93713619.cms |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Rohit Parshuram as Arjun Vinayak Kadam (Shahenshah)<ref>{{Cite web |title=I've been working hard to get a good role from 5 years: 'Appi Aamchi Collector' fame Rohit Parshuram aka Arjun - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ive-been-working-hard-to-get-a-good-role-from-5-years-appi-aamchi-collector-fame-rohit-parshuram-aka-arjun/photostory/93859876.cms |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Sairaj Kendre as Amol Arjun Kadam (Simba) - Appi-Arjun's son<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivani Naik To Make Her Debut On Marathi TV With New Show Appi Aamchi Collector - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shivani-naik-to-make-her-debut-on-marathi-tv-with-new-show-appi-aamchi-collector/articleshow/93297630.cms |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
;Arjun's family
* Pradeep Kothmire as Hambir Bhaurao Kadam (Sarkar) - Arjun's uncle
* Daya Eksammekar / Shubhada Naik as Rukmini Hambirrao Kadam - Arjun's aunt
* Shrikant K.T. as Vinayak Bhaurao Kadam - Arjun's father
* Aarti Shinde as Smita Bhaurao Kadam - Arjun's paternal aunt
* Makarand Gosavi as Swapnil Hambirrao Kadam - Arjun's brother
* Sarita Nalawade as Rupali Swapnil Kadam - Swapnil's wife
* Rushabh Kondavar as Sujay Hambirrao Kadam - Arjun's brother
* Neelam Wadekar as Priyanka Sujay Kadam (Piyu) - Sujay's wife, Appi's friend
* Vajra Pawar as Arnav Sujay Kadam - Sujay's son

;Appi's family
* Santosh Patil as Suresh Balkoba Mane (Bapu) - Appi's father
* Beena Siddharth / Neeta Donde as Sushma Suresh Mane - Appi's mother
* Aditya Bhosale as Deepak Suresh Mane (Dipya) - Appi's brother
* Jyotsna Patil as Monika Deepak Mane (Mona) - Dipya's wife

;Others
* [[Ujjwal Nikam]] as Interviewer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned lawyer Ujjwal Nikam and IAS officer Vishwas Patil to make a guest appearance in Appi Aamchi Collector - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/renowned-lawyer-ujjwal-nikam-and-ias-officer-vishwas-patil-to-make-a-guest-appearance-in-appi-aamchi-collector/articleshow/99375915.cms |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Shraddha Mangle as Aarya - Arjun's fiance<ref>{{Cite web |title=एकाच हॉटेलमध्ये आहेत अप्पी-अर्जुन, अमोलची त्याच्या वडिलांबरोबर भेट होणार का?, मालिकेमध्ये मोठा ट्विस्ट |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-aamchi-collector-serial-update-new-promo-see-the-details/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sunil Dongar as Sankalp Dhobale (Banti)<ref>{{Cite web |title=अर्जुनच्या वहिनीकडून अप्पीचा अपमान, दोघांमधला कडूपणा अजूनही कायम, अमोल-अर्जुन यांची भेट नक्की कधी होणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-aamchi-collector-zee-marathi-serial-update-when-will-amol-arjuns-meet/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Pushpa Chaudhari as Manisha Dhobale - Sankalp's mother<ref>{{Cite web |title=“त्यापेक्षा मालिकाच बंद करा”, ‘अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’ मालिकेवर प्रेक्षक नाराज, कथेतील ट्विस्ट पाहून म्हणाले, “दाखवण्यासारखं काहीच नसेल तर…” |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-aamchi-collector-serial-audience-expressed-their-displeasure-by-making-negative-comments/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Shivani Ghatge as Geetanjali Jadhav<ref>{{Cite web |title=अखेर सात वर्षांनी अर्जुन-अप्पी आले समोरासमोर, अमोल आपला मुलगा असल्याचं सत्य अर्जुनसमोर येणार का?, पुढे काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-update-new-twist/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Shekhar Sawant as Vijay Pandurang Chinchoke<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमोलमुळे अप्पी-अर्जुनमध्ये जवळीक, पुन्हा बहरणार प्रेम, कायमचं एकत्र येणार का? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-update-appi-arjun-will-see-the-coming-together-for-amol/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sachin Sawant as Girish Gaikwad<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर मालिकेमध्ये मोठा ट्विस्ट, अमोलला गंभीर आजार, फक्त दोन महिन्यांचाच कालावधी, नक्की काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/zee-marathi-appi-aamchi-collector-serial-new-twist-amol-knows-that-he-has-only-two-months-left/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Prem Jadhav as Prithvi Prataprao Jadhav<ref>{{Cite web |title=हे जरा अती झालं! TRP साठी लहान मुलांसोबत तसले सीन नको, 'अप्पी आमची...' च्या चालू ट्रॅकवर प्रेक्षकांचा राग |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/appi-amchi-collector-serial-roll-due-new-promo-of-amol-cancer-operation/articleshow/116526785.cms |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Rajbhushan Sahastrabuddhe as Prataprao Jadhav<ref>{{Cite web |title=भीषण अपघातानंतर अप्पी पुन्हा आली? दिसलं वेगळंच रुप…; ‘तो’ प्रोमो पाहून नेटकऱ्यांचा संताप, म्हणाले, “हे मूर्ख आहेत का?” |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/appi-amchi-collector-lead-actress-in-different-look-new-twist-netizens-slams-makers-sva-00-4873137/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Swara Patil as Chakuli<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child actress Swara Patil enters the show Appi Aamchi Collector - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/child-actress-swara-patil-enters-the-show-appi-aamchi-collector/articleshow/100068841.cms |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Bhakti Zanzane as Sunanda<ref>{{Cite web |title='आता संपवा ही मालिका...' अप्पी आमची कलेक्टरच्या नव्या प्रोमोवर भडकले प्रेक्षक, अर्जुनची कमेंट चर्चेत |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/netizens-gets-angry-and-commented-on-appi-amchi-collector-serial-on-zee-marathi-watch-promo/articleshow/116719332.cms |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Pradeep Walke as Rakesh (Rocket)<ref>{{Cite web |title=छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराजांची उंची किती होती?; अप्पीच्या उत्तरानं वेधलं लक्ष |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-latest-update-know-details-video-viral-1167132/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Madhav Solaskar as Aslam<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’मध्ये मोठा ट्विस्ट; अप्पी आणि अर्जुन होणार वेगळे, अमोलची देवाला प्रार्थना म्हणाला, “मला काही झालं…” |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/appi-aamchi-collector-new-twist-amol-prays-to-god-for-appi-and-arjun-new-promo-nsp-98-4603580/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sunil Nalawade as Yashwant<ref>{{Cite web |title=अर्जुनचा ‘तो’ निर्णय ऐकून अमोल पडला बेशुद्ध; ‘अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’ मालिकेचा प्रोमो पाहताच नेटकरी म्हणाले, “बंद करा…” |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/appi-aamchi-collector-amol-fainted-netizens-reacts-on-new-promo-of-serial-nsp-98-4595948/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sunil Shetye as Collector<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पीने बनवलेल्या जेवणाची चव सात वर्षांनी अर्जुन ओळखणार का?, अमोल मुलगा असल्याचं सत्य लवकरच समोर येणार |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amachi-collector-promo-will-arjun-recognize-the-taste-of-food-cooked-by-appi-after-seven-years-the-truth-that-amol-is-a-boy-will-soon-come-out/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Nilam Panchal as Madamsir<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पी सिंबाला सांगणार त्याच्या बाबांची गोष्ट, अमोलच्या वाढदिवसाला तरी होणार का त्याची बाबांबरोबर भेट?, नवा प्रोमो |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amachi-collector-promo-appi-will-tell-simba-his-fathers-story-will-he-meet-his-father-on-amols-birthday/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Amit Kulkarni as Amit Shetty
* Ajitkumar Koshti as Mr. Shirke
* Sachin Shirke as Mr. Gaitonde
* Nilesh Gaware as Mr. Jadhav

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=“परमेश्वरा या बापाची तळमळ…”, अमोलसाठी अर्जुनची देवाकडे प्रार्थना; ‘अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’ मालिकेत पुढे काय होणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/arjuns-prayer-to-god-for-amol-appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-promo-watch-nsp-98-4790880/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
!Year
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2023
|Best Negative Actor
|Sunil Dongar
|Sankalp Dhoble (Banti)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-award-2023-tula-shikvin-changlach-dhada-won-best-serial-best-hero-and-best-heroin-award-check-list-here/articleshow/104978073.cms|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट नायक, नायिका ते बेस्ट सीरियल... झी मराठी अवॉर्ड सोहळ्यात या मालिकेचीच हवा|access-date=2023-11-05|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2024
|Best Child Actor
|Sairaj Kendre
|Amol Kadam (Simba)
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/aj-from-navari-mile-hitlerla-won-best-son-in-law-and-best-serial-award-goes-to-paaru-read-zee-marathi-award-2024-winners-list-here-psn14|title='या' मालिकेने जिंकले सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार तर अक्षरा अधिपतीचा झाला हिरमोड, वाचा 'झी मराठी अवॉर्ड २०२४ 'च्या विजेत्यांची नावं|website=[[Sakal]]|access-date=2024-10-28|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Popular Couple
|Rohit Parshuram-Shivani Naik
|Arjun-Aparna
|-
|Popular Actress
|Shivani Naik
|Aparna Kadam
|}

=== Special episode ===
# 20 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=थेट आकाशात जाऊन प्रपोझ.. मराठी मालिकेत नवा प्रयोग |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/appi-amchi-collector-arjun-propose-appi-in-paragliding-nsa95 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 25 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पी आमची कलेक्टरमध्ये नवा ट्विस्ट, अप्पी जीवनसाथी म्हणून संकल्प की अर्जुन कोणाची करणार निवड? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/marathi-serial-appi-amchi-collector-episodic-a592/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 15 January 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=मराठी मालिकांचे रंगणार मकर संक्रांत विशेष भाग; रविवार होणार खास |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/marathi-serial-makar-sankranti-special-episode-of-marathi-serial-sunday-will-be-special-1140601 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 19 February 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पीचं स्वप्न पूर्ण करण्यासाठी अर्जुन घेणार पुढाकार!, 'घरात बायको, बाहेर बॉस' कसा असेल हा नवा प्रवास? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/appi-aamchi-collector-episodic-a592/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 19 March 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title='अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर' रोमांचक वळणावर; अर्जुन अपर्णाला भेटणार का? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-latest-update-know-television-marathi-news-entertainment-1215546 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 16 April 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=अखेर अप्पी कलेक्टर झालीच! पण... असा असेल महाएपिसोड! |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/appi-amchi-collector-latest-update-appi-became-a-collector-zee-marathi-serial-nsa95 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 7 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमोलच्या आजारपणावर उपचार सुरु, अप्पी-अर्जुनची अमोलला साथ पण… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amchi-collector-serial-updates-appi-and-arjun-will-prepare-to-amols-illness-chemotherapy/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
# 4 June 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=वटपौर्णिमेच्या दिवशीच होणार अर्जुनला अटक; 'अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर'मध्ये येणार मोठा ट्विस्ट |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/tv-serial-appi-amchi-collector-new-twist-arjun-will-be-arrested-a-a734/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 9 July 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=अर्जुनला कळणार अप्पीच्या प्रेग्नंसीचं सत्य; पण बायकोच्या चारित्र्यावरच घेणार संशय? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/tv-serial-appi-amchi-collector-news-twist-in-arjun-ani-appi-life-a-a734/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 20 August 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title='या मालिकेचं नाव बदलून टाका, कलेक्टरची कामं दाखवा', 'अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर'च्या नव्या प्रोमोवर भडकले प्रेक्षक |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/appi-aamchi-collector-marathi-serial-update-marathi-serial-trolling-on-social-media-entertainment-latest-update-detail-marathi-news-1285202 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 3 September 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=७ वर्षांनंतर अप्पी-अर्जुन येणार एकमेकांच्या समोर; काय होईल या भेटीचं पुढे? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-tv-serial-appi-amchi-collector-appi-arjun-will-come-face-to-face-after-7-years-a-a734/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 12 November 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun to retrieve Raanihaar and celebrate the first Diwali with Appi - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/appi-aamchi-collector-arjun-to-retrieve-raanihaar-and-celebrate-the-first-diwali-with-appi/articleshow/105118629.cms |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
# 17 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमोलच्या आनंदासाठी अप्पी-अर्जुन पुन्हा लग्नबंधनात अडकणार, सुपारीही फुटली, मालिकेच्या नवीन प्रोमोने वेधलं लक्ष |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amchi-collector-serial-update-appi-and-arjun-will-marriage-once-again-for-amol-happiness/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
# 21 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title='अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर' उत्कंठावर्धक वळणावर, काय होईल जेव्हा अर्जुन अप्पीला दंगलीला सामोरं जाताना बघेल? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/in-appi-amchi-collector-exciting-twist-what-will-happen-when-arjun-sees-appi-facing-a-riot-a-a603/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 25 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’ मालिका उत्कंठावर्धक वळणावर; अर्जुनला सोडून जाण्याचा निर्णय अप्पी घेऊ शकेल? |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/mumbai-appi-amchi-collector-serial-latest-update-marathi-news-1187075.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=[[TV9 Marathi]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 10 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=मदर्स डे निमित्ताने अर्जुन व अमोलने अप्पीसाठी बनवलं स्पेशल ग्रिटींग, अर्जुनचं प्रेम अप्पीपर्यंत पोहोचणार का? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/appi-amchi-collector-serial-update-mothers-day-special-promo-out/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
# 18 August 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=अप्पी मनी मावशीला शिकवणार जन्माची अद्दल; ’अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर’ मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो पाहा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/appi-aamchi-collector-new-promo-1-hour-special-episode-mani-mavshi-entry-nsp-98-4537672/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
# 8 September 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title='अप्पी आमची कलेक्टर' मधील छोटा सिंबा देतोय कॅन्सरशी लढा; मालिकेचा प्रोमो पाहून डोळ्यात येईल पाणी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/marathi-serial-appi-amchi-collector-simba-diagnosed-with-cancer-new-promo-viral-on-social-media-netizens-react-a-a991/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Seasons ===
* 1 May 2024 (7 years later)<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Reels To Reel, Sairaj Kendre's Journey From Internet Stardom To TV Serial Debut|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/from-reels-to-reel-sairaj-kendres-journey-from-internet-stardom-to-tv-serial-debut-8868548.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt29452980}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/appi-amchi-collector/0-6-4z5202579 ''Appi Aamchi Collector''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

Ashwini (actress)

2026-03-21T05:55:13Z

Aryakin2021: starting a stub v1

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Ashwini
|image = Ashwini (actress).jpg
|caption = Ashwini
|birth_name = Ashwini
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1967|07|14}}
|birth_place = [[Nellore]]<ref name="deccanchronicle1">{{cite web |title=Actress Ashwini passes away |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/120925/entertainment-tollywood/article/actress-ashwini-passes-away |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |author=Anupama Subramanian |accessdate=23 October 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314045032/http://deccanchronicle.com/120925/entertainment-tollywood/article/actress-ashwini-passes-away |archivedate=14 March 2013 |date=25 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|death_date = {{death date and age|2012|9|23|1967|07|14|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
|yearsactive = 1979–2012
}}

'''Ashwini''' was an Indian actress, primarily in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] films. She appeared in more than 100 films in various South Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-04 |title=తెలుగులో స్టార్‌ హీరోయిన్‌.. క్యాన్సర్‌ సోకి.. అంత్యక్రియలకు కూడా డబ్బుల్లేని దుస్థితి! |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/chupulu-kalisina-subhavela-actress-ashwini-tragedy-life-story-1722255 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>

==Career==
Ashwini made her debut as a child artiste in ''Bhakta Dhruva Markandeya'' and later shared screen space with [[Balakrishna Nandamuri|Balakrishna]] in [[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|''Bhale Thammudu'']], [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] in ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]'', [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] in [[Station Master (1988 film)|''Station Master'']], and [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] in ''[[Aranyakanda (film)|Aranyakanda]].''

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 1982 || ''Bhakta Dhruva Markandeya'' || || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||Debut
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Aanandha Kummi]]'' || Selvi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1985 || ''[[Boeing Boeing (1985 film)|Boeing Boeing]]'' || Indhu || [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| ''[[Kannaram Pothi Pothi]]'' || Lakshmi || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''Anaadiga Adadi'' || Rekha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]'' || Saraswathi|| Telugu ||
|-
|''Srivaru''
|
|Shanthi
|
|-
| ''[[Karpoora Deepam]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1986 || ''[[Aranyakanda (film)|Aranyakanda]]'' || Preethi || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Mattukara Mannaru'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| ''Attagaaroo Swagatam'' || || Telugu ||
|-
|''Dora Bidda''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
| ''Konte Kapuram '' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Niramulla Ravulkal]]'' || Radha || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''Kanmaniye Pesu'' || Priya || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1987 || ''[[Trimurtulu]]'' || Rani || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Bhanumati Gari Mogudu]]'' || Gowri || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[America Abbayi]]'' || Jyotsna|| Telugu ||
|-
| ''Inti Donga'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Rowdy Babayi'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]'' || Meku || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1988 || ''[[Choopulu Kalasina Subhavela|Choopulu Kalisina Subhavela]]'' || Padma || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Vivaha Bhojanambu (1988 film)|Vivaha Bhojanambu]]'' || Lavanya || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Pelli Chesi Choodu'' || Uma || Telugu ||
|-
|''Prema Kireetam''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
| ''Veguchukka Pagatichukka'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Station Master (1988 film)|Station Master]]'' || Rani || Telugu ||
|-
|''Mr Hero''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1989 || ''[[Gopala Rao Gari Abbayi]]'' || Ganga || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Koduku Diddina Kapuram]]'' || Geetha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Poola Rangadu'' || Gowri || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Bharya Bhartala Bhagotham'' || Seetha, Radha|| Telugu ||
|-
| ''Akari Kshanam'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1990 || ''[[Ee Kanni Koodi]]'' || Susan Philip / Kumudam || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Challenge Gopalakrishna]]'' || Ganga|| [[Kannada]] ||
|-
|''Raktha Jwala''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Pondatti Thevai]]'' || Shanthi || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1998 || ''[[Dharma (1998 film)|Dharma]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kumbakonam Gopalu]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999 || ''[[Maanaseega Kadhal]]'' || Paaru || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000 || ''[[Ennamma Kannu]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Penngal]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001 || ''[[Piriyadha Varam Vendum]]'' || Pushpa || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Mitta Miraasu]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aattanayagann]]'' || || Tamil ||
|-
|}

==Death==
She died at the Sri Ramachandra Hospital in Chennai on 23 September 2012. She was reported to have had a liver-related illness.<ref name="deccanchronicle1" />

[[R. Parthiepan]] helped Ashwini's family carry her body in an ambulance to Andhra. He also undertook the payment for the education of Ashwini's son, Karthick.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0039306|name=Ashwini}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashwini}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:People from Nellore district]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver disease]]

Lok Bhavan, Ooty

2026-03-21T03:40:03Z

Aryakin2021: starting the pg initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Lead too short|date=November 2021}}{{Infobox building
| name = Raj Bhavan, Udhagamandalam
| image =
| caption =
| building_type = Summer residence
| current_tenants =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.421768|76.710754|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| number_of_rooms =
| elevator_count =
| cost =
| floor_area =
| architect =
| engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| operator =
| references = [http://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/ Website]
}}
''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') of [[Ooty]] is the Summer [[official residence|residence]] of the [[Governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]] [[R. N. Ravi]], It is located in the city of [[Ooty]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

==History==
In 1876, the government decided to purchase Upper Norwood and Lower Norwood, which belonged to the trustees of Lawrence Asylum and started efforts for the establishment of the Government House at [[Ootacamund]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raj Bhavan – Ooty {{!}} The Nilgiris District, Tamilnadu {{!}} India|url=https://nilgiris.nic.in/tourist-place/raj-bhavan-ooty/|access-date=2021-07-09|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos]], who initiated the purchase, took possession of both the Upper and Lower Norwood and the Garden Cottage. But after a single stay, the Governor was convinced that the Upper Norwood was not a fit residence. Soon after returning to Madras, the Duke proposed the building of a large two storeyed building which can afford complete accommodation for the family and provide public reception rooms. Between 1878 and 1881, various estimates were prepared and a final estimate for the construction of Government House at a cost of Rs.4,02,914/- was approved. But this estimate did not contain the cost of furnishing the building and hence a further comprehensive estimate was prepared in July 1888 for an amount of Rs.7,79,150/-. Finally, the Government House was constructed at a cost of Rs.7,82,633/-.

In 1899, a Ball room with an ante-room was added to the Government House and in 1904 electrical installation for the whole premises was approved and installed. During the period of construction of the Government House, the Duke of Buckingham resided at Upper Norwood and was constantly inspecting the work, altering the plans and making suggestions. Sir [[Arthur Havelock]] considerably improved the interior of the original building especially the very fine and handsome Ball room. After Independence, the Government House was renamed as Raj Bhavan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raj Bhavan, Udhagamandalam - History|url=https://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/History-Udhagai.htm|access-date=2021-07-09|website=www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in}}</ref>

==Building==
The present area of Raj Bhavan is {{convert|86.72|acre|m2}}. The main building has a plinth area of {{convert|29505|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}. And it consists of a large Banqueting Hall, ball room, Drawing and Reception rooms, besides 17 Guest rooms and office rooms. The elevation of Raj Bhavan is 2,303 meters above mean-sea level and enjoys a warm, temperate climate with an average rainfall of 1,400 mm per year.

The famous Banquet Hall of Raj Bhavan was given a complete face lift in 1988, in association with the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) and the National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural property, [[Lucknow]]. The Embossed canvas, which was damaged, has been restored.

==Gardens==
Raj Bhavan Gardens is a fascinating experience. It consists of ornamental gardens in an area of about {{convert|9|acre|m2}}, a rich lawn on {{convert|3|acre|m2}}, four rosaries, two lily ponds, a sunken garden, two green houses, a vegetable garden and a nursery.

==See also==
* [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire|Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/Default.htm The Official Web site of Governor of Tamil Nadu]

{{Raj Bhavan}}

[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ooty]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1888]]
[[Category:Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth]]

Indian 2

2026-03-19T00:00:28Z

Aryakin2021: adjusted citations to improve readability for consistency

{{Short description|2024 film directed by S. Shankar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Indian 2 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Shankar
| story = Shankar
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[B. Jeyamohan]] [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]] Lakshmi Saravana Kumar
}}
| producer = {{Ubl | [[Subaskaran Allirajah]] | [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]]}}
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Kamal Haasan]]
| [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]
| [[S. J. Suryah]]
| [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]
| [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Ravi Varman]] [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| studio = {{Ubl | [[Lyca Productions]] | [[Red Giant Movies]]}}
| distributor = [[#Distribution|see below]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|7|12|ref1=}}
| runtime = 183 minutes{{Efn|Before the film's release, [[S. Shankar]] stated that the film's duration would be approximately 200 minutes (equivalent to 3 hours and 20 minutes) including the intermission pause, which then, excluding the pause, would be 185 minutes (3 hours and 5 minutes).<ref name="strength" /> However, according to the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC), the duration was 180.04 minutes (3 hours and 4 seconds),<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 To Have 3 Hours Run Time, CBFC Orders THESE 5 Major Modifications |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-have-3-hours-run-time-cbfc-orders-these-5-major-modifications-8954821.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716054503/https://www.news18.com/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-have-3-hours-run-time-cbfc-orders-these-5-major-modifications-8954821.html |archive-date=16 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> but the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) stated the duration was 178.38 minutes (2 hours, 58 minutes and 38 seconds).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian 2 |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/indian-2-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiyndk1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240717031055/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/indian-2-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiyndk1 |archive-date=17 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref> On the third day after the film's release, however, 20 minutes was removed, leaving the final runtime as 160 minutes (2 hours and 40 minutes).<ref name=":1" />}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}250–300
crore{{Efn|''The South First'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 bookings open: 2.9 lakh tickets already sold for Kamal Haasan-starrer |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tamil/indian-2-bookings-open-2-9-lakh-tickets-already-sold-for-kamal-haasan-starrer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716054505/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tamil/indian-2-bookings-open-2-9-lakh-tickets-already-sold-for-kamal-haasan-starrer/ |archive-date=16 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[India Today]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' to release on July 12, 1st single to be out on May 22 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-on-july-12-1st-single-to-be-out-on-may-22-2541233-2024-05-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716054506/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-on-july-12-1st-single-to-be-out-on-may-22-2541233-2024-05-20 |archive-date=16 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> reported that the film was made on a budget of {{INR}}250 crore, while ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that it was {{INR}}300 crore,<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2024 |title='Indian 2': Will Kamal Haasan and Shankar's long-awaited sequel engrave the audience? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-review-indian-2-will-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-long-awaited-sequel-engrave-the-audience-hindustani-2-review/articleshow/111661538.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711145751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-review-indian-2-will-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-long-awaited-sequel-engrave-the-audience-hindustani-2-review/articleshow/111661538.cms |archive-date=11 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and ''Business Today'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2: Kamal Hassan featured sequel of Tamil blockbuster from 90s fails to impress audience at box office |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/indian-2-kamal-hassan-featured-sequel-of-tamil-blockbuster-from-90s-fails-to-impress-audience-at-box-office-436915-2024-07-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025147/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/indian-2-kamal-hassan-featured-sequel-of-tamil-blockbuster-from-90s-fails-to-impress-audience-at-box-office-436915-2024-07-12 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[News18]]'' reported it was {{INR}}1.5 billion<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 FIRST Review Out: Kamal Haasan Film Disappoints; S Shankar 'Missed the Mark' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-first-review-out-kamal-haasan-film-disappoints-shankar-missed-the-mark-8962687.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025157/https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-first-review-out-kamal-haasan-film-disappoints-shankar-missed-the-mark-8962687.html |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>}}
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}151 crore{{cn|date=January 2026}}
}}

'''''Indian 2''''' (also marketed as '''''Indian 2: Zero Tolerance''''') is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[S. Shankar|Shankar]], who co-wrote the script with [[B. Jeyamohan]], [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]] and Lakshmi Saravana Kumar. The film is jointly produced by [[Lyca Productions]] and [[Red Giant Movies]]. It is the second installment in the [[Indian (film series)|''Indian'' trilogy]] and sequel to ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' (1996). [[Kamal Haasan]] reprises his role as Senapathy, an aging freedom fighter turned vigilante who fights against corruption, with an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[S. J. Suryah]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Bobby Simha]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Delhi Ganesh]], [[Manobala]], [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] and [[Gulshan Grover]], with [[Kajal Aggarwal]] and [[Kalidas Jayaram]] in cameo roles. In the film, set years after the events in ''Indian'', Senapathy returns from abroad to help Chitra Aravindhan and his team deal with corruption in the country.

The project was announced in September 2017. [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] was initially on board, but opted out a month later. Lyca entered the production thereafter. [[Principal photography]] commenced in January 2019 and occurred sporadically over five years, before [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapping]] by March 2024. In 2020, an accident that killed some crew members and the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] delayed filming for two years until Red Giant Movies entered as co-producers.<ref name="24aug22">{{Cite web |date=24 August 2022 |title=Indian 2 update: Kamal Haasan, Shankar finally march past multiple obstacles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/24/indian-2-update-kamal-haasan-shankar-finally-march-past-multiple-obstacles-34028.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823193808/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/24/indian-2-update-kamal-haasan-shankar-finally-march-past-multiple-obstacles-34028.html |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref name="hesback" /> The technical crew includes musician [[Anirudh Ravichander]], cinematographers [[Ravi Varman]] and [[R. Rathnavelu]],{{Efn|Although Rathnavelu shot the film's preliminary portions, he was not credited in the promotional material}} editor [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], production designer [[T. Muthuraj]] and visual effects supervisor [[V. Srinivas Mohan|V. Srinivas Mohan.]]

''Indian 2'' was released worldwide on 12 July 2024 in standard and [[IMAX]] formats. The film was panned by critics and was compared unfavorably to the original, with critics highlighting the runtime, characterization, and the lack of emotional depth in the screenplay, while Kamal Haasan's performance received praise. The film grossed a total worldwide collection of {{INR}}150 [[crores]] and became one of the [[List of Tamil films of 2024|highest grossing Tamil films of 2024]] by the end of its theatrical run. It was a [[Box-office bomb|box office disaster]]. Due to its length of over six hours, the film was [[List of films split into multiple parts|split into two parts]], although the latter part titled'' Indian 3'' has not released as of 2026.

== Plot ==
{{Hatnote|The film occurs 28 years after its predecessor. For more information about the predecessor's plot, see [[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]].}}{{Copy edit|date=February 2026|section}}
Chitra Aravindhan is an online media reporter who runs a YouTube channel in Chennai called "Barking Dogs" along with his three friends Aarthi, Thambesh, and Harish. He lives happily with his mother Chitra and father Varadharajan, who works at the Anti-Corruption and Vigilance Commission (ACVC). They focus on creating parodies and political satires, which garner them [[Lakh|lakhs]] of views. However, when a young lady named Sunitha dies by suicide, the team discovers that corrupt officials caused her death. In response, they protest, demanding justice. The police arrest them, but they eventually get bailed out by Chitra's girlfriend, Disha. She lectures them that they cannot single-handedly change the country. Soon, they launch a campaign titled "Come Back Indian," believing that only Senapathy, alias Indian, can put an end to the corruption once and for all.

Nilesh, one of Chitra's friends, spots Senapathy in [[Taipei]] and discovers that he is running a martial arts school there, teaching [[Varma Kalai]]. Nilesh persuades him to return to Chennai, which he eventually does, by using his senior mentor's passport. [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officers Pramod and Elango attempt to capture Senapathy upon his arrival in India but fail. Senapathy urges his followers and the public in a Facebook live to expose corrupt individuals in their respective states through peaceful means, inspired by [[Gandhians|Gandhi's principles]], while he will uphold the ideals of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. He emphasises that people should prioritise addressing corruption at home before tackling external issues. Senapathy also emotionally reveals that he tearfully and mournfully killed his son, Chandrabose, alias Chandru,{{Efn|As depicted in ''Indian'' (1996).}} as he too was a part of the corruption in the country and accepted bribes. Senapathy feels very guilty in killing his own son. This results in everyone getting motivated; Chitra and his friends then start monitoring their parents' activities to uncover any wrongdoing. Harish visits his uncle's motel and discovers they serve stale food to customers. Thambesh finds out that his brother-in-law, Nanjunda Moorthy, accepts bribes from customers, as does Aarthi's mother, Kanagalatha, who works as a sub-registrar. They report their findings to the ACVC, leading to their parents' arrest.

Meanwhile, Senapathy targets famous corrupt officials all over India who have embezzled lakhs of rupees from the government, including [[Multinational corporation|MNC owner]] Amit Aggarwal and [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] gold trader Darshan, and kills them using Varma Kalai. Pramod investigates it and plans to arrest Senapathy. Chitra follows Varadharajan, but finds no evidence of wrongdoing. However, Aarthi's father, Thangavel, reveals to Chitra that Sunitha was actually a victim of his own father's corruption, not the officer's. Initially skeptical, Chitra investigates and discovers the truth: Varadharajan had accepted bribes from the officer. Chitra reports this to the ACVC, leading to Varadharajan's arrest. Learning that Chitra is responsible for Varadharajan's arrest, Chitra's mother sends him out of the house. That day, Senapathy tells Chitra and his friends that they achieved a victory and he is going to meet them in person, and they get excited. The next day, when Chitra and his friends go to meet Senapathy, they learn that Chitra's mother committed suicide by hanging due to being overwhelmed by the public shame and ridicule as the wife of a corrupt officer. Chitra gets blamed for this and he is unable to see his mother, even to do the last rites for her, and Varadharajan disowns him. Devastated by the incident, Chitra leaves with his friends, and suddenly they meet Senapathy near the graveyard. Senapathy apologies for what all has happened to him, but Chitra blames Senapathy for his mother's death and for killing Chandru. He starts a campaign titled "Go Back Indian", which too becomes viral worldwide, leading Senapathy to earn the wrath of the local people, and Senapathy becomes heartbroken.

Pramod and Elango tries to arrest him but Senapathy escapes on a unicycle. During the chase, Senapathy gets attacked by a group of rowdies, but fights back with his Varma Kalai. However, after the fight, a mob (consisting of Thangavel, police, criminals, corrupt servants, people who believe he caused the death of Chitra's mother, and those who support #GoBackIndian) attacks Senapathy without listening to his pleas. Pramod and Elango eventually arrives, saves Senapathy and arrests him, but Senapathy uses Varma Kalai on Pramod to escape his capture, leaving Pramod having a [[stroke]]. Upon admitting him to a hospital, the chief doctor informs Pramod's father, Krishnaswamy, a retired CBI officer who tried to capture Senapathy 28 years ago, that only Senapathy can save Pramod, as he can reverse the tissue and nerve damage that Varma Kalai inflicts on the victim. Without Senapathy, he would die within three hours. Krishnaswamy then takes the paralysed Pramod to the court where Senapathy is being convicted. Senapathy offers to rescue Pramod in exchange for his release, to which the judge reluctantly agrees. Senapathy then takes Pramod with him and leaves the court in an ambulance, promising that he will come back again.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] in a [[dual role|triple role]] as
** Veerasekaran Senapathy / Indian, an ex-[[Indian National Army|INA]] agent turned vigilante
** Chandrabose "Chandru" Senapathy (archival footage)
** Veerasekaran Balram (cameo appearance)
* [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] as Chitra Aravindan Social Media Varadharajan
* [[S. J. Suryah]] as "Sakalakala Vallavan" Sarguna Pandian
* [[Rakul Preet Singh]] as Disha, Chitra's love interest ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[M. M. Manasi]])
* [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] as Aarthi Thangavel, Chitra's friend
* [[Bobby Simha]] as Pramod Krishnaswamy, a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officer, Krishnaswamy's son
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Elango, a CBI officer{{efn|Posthumous release|name="Posthumous"}} (body double performed by [[Kovai Babu]])
* [[Samuthirakani]] as M. Varadharajan, Chitra's father
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Krishnaswamy, a retired CBI ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]){{efn|name="Posthumous"}}
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as V. Krishna Mohan, Aarthi's neighbour
* [[Manobala]] as Nanjunda Moorthy, Thambesh's uncle {{efn|name="Posthumous"}}
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Thangavel
* [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] as Thambesh, Chitra's friend
* Rishikanth as Harish, Chitra's friend
* [[Imman Annachi]] as Harish's uncle
* [[G. Marimuthu]] as Chitra's uncle{{efn|name="Posthumous"}}
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Amit Agarwal
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Darshan
* [[Piyush Mishra]] as Kishan Singh
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Kanagalatha Thangavel
* [[Kalyani Natarajan]] as Chitra Varadharajan, Chitra's mother
* [[Deepa Shankar]] as Thambesh's sister
* [[TSR Srinivasan]] as Dhanapal
* [[Vinod Sagar]] as M. I. Kirubakaran
* [[Yograj Singh]] as Amit's bodyguard
* Ravi Venkatraman as K. Kathiravel
* [[C. Ranganathan]] as Muthuraj
*Shyam Prasad as Pavan, Health Secretary Krishna Mohan's son
*[[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Dhakshayini (cameo appearance)
* [[Kalidas Jayaram]] as Nilesh Krishnaa (cameo appearance)
* [[Demi-Leigh Tebow]] as a model in the [[Item song]] "Calender Song"
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
During the production of ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' (1996), its lead actor [[Kamal Haasan]] asked the director [[S. Shankar]] to make a sequel, but Shankar did not have a concrete story idea then.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title='During the 'Indian' shoot in 1996, Kamal (Haasan) sir asked me to plan a sequel', says 'Indian 2' director Shankar |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/movies/during-the-indian-shoot-in-1996-kamal-haasan-sir-asked-me-to-plan-a-sequel-says-indian-2-director-shankar-article-12739180.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251229114627/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/movies/during-the-indian-shoot-in-1996-kamal-haasan-sir-asked-me-to-plan-a-sequel-says-indian-2-director-shankar-article-12739180.html |archive-date=29 December 2025 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]] |language=en}}</ref> In September 2011, Shankar said many people asked him to make a sequel following [[Anna Hazare]]'s anti-corruption crusade, and [[A. M. Rathnam]], producer of the 1996 film, urged him to do so.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2011 |title=Has Shankar planned his next? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/has-shankar-planned-his-next/articleshow/9847242.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608201423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/has-shankar-planned-his-next/articleshow/9847242.cms |archive-date=8 June 2024 |access-date=29 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In May 2015, Ratnam confirmed that he and Shankar discussed making a sequel but doubted the project's viability as the director was busy with the production of ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2015 |title=Indian sequel on the anvil, says producer AM Rathnam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-sequel-on-the-anvil-says-producer-am-rathnam/story-MBnCJdfXUMx2y6mCSUVWxN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512130535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-sequel-on-the-anvil-says-producer-am-rathnam/story-MBnCJdfXUMx2y6mCSUVWxN.html |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> Despite delaying starting the sequel due to ''2.0'', Shankar continued working on a story theme for it, under the tentative title ''Indian 2''. On 30 September 2017, Haasan, the host of the [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 1|first season]] of the Tamil [[reality television]] show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'' in Chennai, publicity announced the project during the season finale.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2017 |title=Shankar and Kamal Haasan to reunite for 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-and-kamal-haasan-to-reunite-for-indian-2/articleshow/60892527.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111005735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-and-kamal-haasan-to-reunite-for-indian-2/articleshow/60892527.cms |archive-date=11 January 2018 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Haasan was confirmed as the lead actor, reprising his role, and prominent Telugu film producer [[Dil Raju]]'s [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] was announced to fund the venture, thus marking his debut in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2017 |title=Kamal Haasan, Shankar announce Indian 2 on Bigg Boss Tamil |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-shankar-announce-indian-2-on-bigg-boss-tamil-4869270/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231515/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-shankar-announce-indian-2-on-bigg-boss-tamil-4869270/ |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2017 |title=Kamal Haasan to star in S Shankar's sequel of Indian, confirms producer Dil Raju |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-to-star-in-s-shankars-sequel-of-indian-confirms-producer-dil-raju-4097355.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812233025/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-to-star-in-s-shankars-sequel-of-indian-confirms-producer-dil-raju-4097355.html |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

In October 2017, Raju backed out, reportedly due to increased production costs. Shortly thereafter, [[Allirajah Subaskaran]], header of [[Lyca Productions]], took over as the film's producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=Production change for Kamal Haasan's Indian 2? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/23/production-change-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-1680990.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231523/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/23/production-change-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-1680990.html |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=17 February 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2017 |title=Shankar-Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 could be taken over by Lyca Productions; final negotiations on |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shankar-kamal-haasans-indian-2-could-be-taken-over-by-lyca-productions-final-negotiations-on-4162997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101175849/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shankar-kamal-haasans-indian-2-could-be-taken-over-by-lyca-productions-final-negotiations-on-4162997.html |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2017 |title=BREAKING: REASON FOR INDIAN 2'S PRODUCER CHANGE, REVEALED! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/dil-raju-reveals-the-reason-for-handing-over-indian-2-to-lyca-productions.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723170806/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/dil-raju-reveals-the-reason-for-handing-over-indian-2-to-lyca-productions.html |archive-date=23 July 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The project marks the reunion of Shankar with Haasan after a hiatus of 24 years. The director chose [[Anirudh Ravichander]] to score the music, marking their first collaboration,<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2017 |title=Anirudh to score music for Indian 2? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/anirudh-to-score-music-for-indian-2/articleshow/62134293.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704170838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/anirudh-to-score-music-for-indian-2/articleshow/62134293.cms |archive-date=4 July 2018 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> rather than his regular collaborator [[A. R. Rahman]], who also scored music for its predecessor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan wanted AR Rahman to compose for Indian 2, but Shankar chose Anirudh. This is why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-wanted-ar-rahman-to-compose-for-indian-2-but-shankar-chose-anirudh-this-is-why-1444341-2019-02-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810162838/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-wanted-ar-rahman-to-compose-for-indian-2-but-shankar-chose-anirudh-this-is-why-1444341-2019-02-01 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Anirudh's inclusion was confirmed in late December 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2018 |title=Confirmed: Anirudh to compose music for Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/confirmed-anirudh-to-compose-music-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/67040548.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409200401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/confirmed-anirudh-to-compose-music-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/67040548.cms |archive-date=9 April 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> cinematographer [[Ravi Varman]], editor [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] and production designer [[T. Muthuraj]] were hired to be a part of the film's technical crew.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 will be 100 times better than Indian: Ravi Varman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-shankar-5296362/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231516/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-shankar-5296362/ |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Shankar collaborated with [[B. Jeyamohan|Jeyamohan]], [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]] and Lakshmi Saravanakumar to co-write the film's script and dialogues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2019 |title=Indian 2: Three writers roped in for Kamal Haasan-Shankar film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-three-writers-roped-in-for-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-1433097-2019-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231516/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-three-writers-roped-in-for-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-1433097-2019-01-17 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2018 |title=Shankar's 'Indian 2' gets another writer in Lakshmi Saravanakumar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/27/shankars-indian-2-gets-another-writer-in-lakshmi-saravanakumar-1792834.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031084156/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/27/shankars-indian-2-gets-another-writer-in-lakshmi-saravanakumar-1792834.html |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Despite several proposed announcements of starting dates, the film's shoot was delayed throughout 2018 owing to Shankar's commitments with ''2.0'', which also faced significant production delays. Haasan also decided to use the time to release his long-delayed ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]'' (2018) and commit to his political career. In August 2018, Shankar and Haasan, announced that the film's shoot will commence that December,<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2018 |title=Kamal Haasan and Shankar to begin 'Indian 2' in December? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-and-shankar-to-begin-indian-2-in-december/articleshow/65558511.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-and-shankar-to-begin-indian-2-in-december/articleshow/65558511.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The production house later publicly announced the project on 7 November, coinciding with Haasan's birthday, confirming its inclusion as the producers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2018 |title=Lyca Productions officially announces 'Indian 2' on Kamal Haasan's birthday |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lyca-productions-officially-announces-indian-2-kamal-haasan-s-birthday-91229 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517003919/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lyca-productions-officially-announces-indian-2-kamal-haasan-s-birthday-91229 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2018 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 is finally making some noise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-is-finally-making-some-noise-1386652-2018-11-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231515/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-is-finally-making-some-noise-1386652-2018-11-12 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Muthuraj began working on the production design the same month,<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2018 |title=Set work for Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' started |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/set-work-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-started/articleshow/66587476.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/set-work-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-started/articleshow/66587476.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as the film's shoot was scheduled to start in late that year; however the delay in its set work, made the team to postpone its shoot to early 2019.<ref name="delayed">{{Cite news |date=18 December 2018 |title=Kamal Hassan's 'Indian 2' gets delayed? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-hassans-indian-2-gets-delayed/articleshow/67146378.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827191402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-hassans-indian-2-gets-delayed/articleshow/67146378.cms |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Haasan would receive around {{INRConvert|1.5|b}} as renumeration for the film, the highest in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan's Salary For Indian 2 Will Blow Your Minds |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kamal-haasans-whopping-salary-for-indian-2-will-blow-your-minds-6039493.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104145219/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kamal-haasans-whopping-salary-for-indian-2-will-blow-your-minds-6039493.html |archive-date=4 November 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In December 2018, [[Kajal Aggarwal]] was announced as the lead actress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=It's official: Kajal Aggarwal is the heroine of Indian 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kajal-aggarwal-indian-2-heroine-kamal-haasan-5476047/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231516/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kajal-aggarwal-indian-2-heroine-kamal-haasan-5476047/ |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> For her role, Aggarwal learnt the basics of the Indian martial arts form [[Kalaripayattu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2018 |title=Kajal Aggarwal learns Kalari for Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-learns-kalari-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/67141348.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902133410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-learns-kalari-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/67141348.cms |archive-date=2 September 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Initially [[Sivakarthikeyan]] was considered to play [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]'s character in the film but declined the role due to his prior commitments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2024 |title=Did you know Sivakarthikeyan was the initial choice for the role played by Siddharth in 'Indian 2'? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/did-you-know-sivakarthikeyan-was-the-initial-choice-for-the-role-played-by-siddharth-in-indian-2/articleshow/112684104.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825191926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/did-you-know-sivakarthikeyan-was-the-initial-choice-for-the-role-played-by-siddharth-in-indian-2/articleshow/112684104.cms |archive-date=25 August 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Ajay Devgn]] agreed to play the antagonist in the film, but production delays meant that he could not commit.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2019 |title=Here's the real reason why Ajay Devgn declined Shankar's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-the-real-reason-why-ajay-devgn-declined-shankars-indian-2/articleshow/68015687.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126024003/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-the-real-reason-why-ajay-devgn-declined-shankars-indian-2/articleshow/68015687.cms |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2018 |title=I was told Ajay Devgn is part of 'Indian 2': Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-was-told-ajay-devgn-is-part-of-indian-2-kamal-haasan/articleshow/65289611.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827191359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-was-told-ajay-devgn-is-part-of-indian-2-kamal-haasan/articleshow/65289611.cms |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Delhi Ganesh]], who has frequently acted alongside Haasan, and [[RJ Balaji]] were signed to portray supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2019 |title=Delhi Ganesh roped in for Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/delhi-ganesh-roped-in-for-indian-2/articleshow/67640693.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125155836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/delhi-ganesh-roped-in-for-indian-2/articleshow/67640693.cms |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2019 |title=RJ Balaji joins the cast of Kamal Hassan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rj-balaji-joins-the-cast-of-kamal-hassans-indian-2/articleshow/67978219.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104228/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rj-balaji-joins-the-cast-of-kamal-hassans-indian-2/articleshow/67978219.cms |archive-date=12 July 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, Balaji opted out of the film in October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=RJ Balaji opts out of Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/dt-next/20191022/282729113676762 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318021043/https://www.pressreader.com/india/dt-next/20191022/282729113676762 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=6 August 2020 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> [[Nedumudi Venu]] was also set to reprise his role from the first film,<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2018 |title=Nedumudi Venu to return in Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nedumudi-venu-to-return-in-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/65719480.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116043638/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nedumudi-venu-to-return-in-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/65719480.cms |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> but died in October 2021 after post [[COVID-19]] complications.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2021 |title=National Award-winning actor Nedumudi Venu passes away at 73 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/national-award-winning-actor-nedumudi-venu-passes-away-7565462/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011163200/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/national-award-winning-actor-nedumudi-venu-passes-away-7565462/ |archive-date=11 October 2021 |access-date=11 October 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

[[Vidyut Jammwal]] said he was approached to act in the film but declined due to scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Onkar |date=16 November 2019 |title=Vidyut Jammwal not in Kamal Haasan starrer Indian 2; know why |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vidyut-jammwal-not-in-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-2-know-why/articleshow/72082327.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017175931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vidyut-jammwal-not-in-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-2-know-why/articleshow/72082327.cms |archive-date=17 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Rakul Preet Singh]] also joined the film to star opposite the character played by Siddharth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |date=23 July 2019 |title=Rakul will romance Siddharth in Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rakul-will-romance-siddharth-in-indian-2/articleshow/70330692.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111134701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rakul-will-romance-siddharth-in-indian-2/articleshow/70330692.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] initially agreed to act in the film, but opted out due to call sheet issues;<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2019 |title=Aishwarya Rajesh opts out of Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aishwarya-rajesh-opts-out-of-indian-2/articleshow/70800658.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102065610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aishwarya-rajesh-opts-out-of-indian-2/articleshow/70800658.cms |archive-date=2 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=24 August 2019 |title=I couldn't work out the dates for Indian 2: Aishwarya Rajesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-couldnt-work-out-the-dates-for-indian-2-aishwarya-rajesh/articleshow/70804906.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829011334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-couldnt-work-out-the-dates-for-indian-2-aishwarya-rajesh/articleshow/70804906.cms |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> she was replaced by [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2019 |title=Aishwarya Rajesh on opting out of Indian 2: I couldn't sleep for two days |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aishwarya-rajesh-on-opting-out-of-indian-2-i-couldn-t-sleep-for-two-days-1602918-2019-09-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031111931/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aishwarya-rajesh-on-opting-out-of-indian-2-i-couldn-t-sleep-for-two-days-1602918-2019-09-25 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2019 |title=Priya Bhavani Shankar confirms her presence in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-bhavani-shankar-confirms-her-presence-in-indian-2/articleshow/70553905.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108060144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-bhavani-shankar-confirms-her-presence-in-indian-2/articleshow/70553905.cms |archive-date=8 January 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] confirmed that he will be a part of the project,<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2019 |title=Vivekh confirms role in Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivekh-confirms-role-in-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/70769243.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111145226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivekh-confirms-role-in-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/70769243.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> collaborating with Haasan for the first time,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2019 |title=Vivekh to share screen space with Kamal Haasan for the first time in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivekh-to-share-screen-space-with-kamal-haasan-for-the-first-time-in-indian-2/articleshow/70753167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223040751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivekh-to-share-screen-space-with-kamal-haasan-for-the-first-time-in-indian-2/articleshow/70753167.cms |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> where he plays the role of a CBI officer in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2019 |title=Actor Vivek to play a CBI officer in Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/actor-vivek-to-play-a-cbi-officer-in-indian-2/articleshow/71334827.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111111613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/actor-vivek-to-play-a-cbi-officer-in-indian-2/articleshow/71334827.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was considered to be one of his posthumous films following his death in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2021 |title=Vivek's contribution to my films is immeasurable: Shankar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/viveks-contribution-to-my-films-is-immeasurable-shankar/articleshow/82115623.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626054428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/viveks-contribution-to-my-films-is-immeasurable-shankar/articleshow/82115623.cms |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In March 2023, British actor Benedict Garrett confirmed being a part of the cast,<ref name="B">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=16 March 2023 |title=British actor Benedict Garrett wraps up shooting for Indian 2 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/mar/16/british-actor-benedict-garrett-wraps-up-shooting-for-indian-2-41145.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321182436/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/mar/16/british-actor-benedict-garrett-wraps-up-shooting-for-indian-2-41145.html |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> while [[Kalidas Jayaram]] also joined the cast in a prominent role during production in Taiwan in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Kalidas Jayaram joins Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 in Taiwan, shares pic with director Shankar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalidas-jayaram-kamal-haasan-indian-2-director-shankar-2355439-2023-04-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404170745/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalidas-jayaram-kamal-haasan-indian-2-director-shankar-2355439-2023-04-04 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> [[S. J. Suryah]] officially confirmed his participation in the film in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 September 2023 |title=SJ Suryah confirms he is part of Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sj-suryah-confirms-he-is-part-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/103392757.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024000631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sj-suryah-confirms-he-is-part-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/103392757.cms |archive-date=24 October 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film also marked the posthumous appearances of [[Manobala]] and [[G. Marimuthu]] following their respective deaths in May and September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Manobala dies at 69: Vijay, Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan and others pay tribute to actor-filmmaker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/manobala-dies-at-69-celebrities-pay-tribute-to-actor-filmmaker-live-updates-8589397/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503124127/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/manobala-dies-at-69-celebrities-pay-tribute-to-actor-filmmaker-live-updates-8589397/ |archive-date=3 May 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2023 |title=Tamil actor-director G. Marimuthu passes away at 56 due to cardiac arrest |url=https://www.siasat.com/tamil-actor-director-g-marimuthu-passes-away-at-56-due-to-cardiac-arrest-2690021/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018075434/https://www.siasat.com/tamil-actor-director-g-marimuthu-passes-away-at-56-due-to-cardiac-arrest-2690021/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=[[The Siasat Daily]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref>

During a press meet prior to release of the film, Shankar gave credit and acknowledgement to prominent Chinese martial artist [[Lü Zijian]] by indicating that Zijian is the source of inspiration he took when committing to direct the sequel part, where he developed a mindset to portray Senapathy as a martial arts expert even at the age of 106 highlighting the longevity of Zijian's calibre. Shankar was reportedly quoted saying "There is a martial arts master in China. His name is Lu Zijian. At the age of 120, he is performing martial arts. He is flying, kicking, and doing all the stuff." Shankar made such statements when queried and questioned about how Kamal Haasan's Senapathy character in the film could perform such action packed sequences even at an age of 106.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Shankar answers the most asked question: 'What's the age of Kamal Haasan's Indian?' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/shankar-answers-the-most-asked-question-whats-the-age-of-kamal-haasans-indian-9418328/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628095646/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/shankar-answers-the-most-asked-question-whats-the-age-of-kamal-haasans-indian-9418328/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began on 18 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2019 |title='Indian 2': The Kamal Haasan starrer to go on floors from January 18 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-the-kamal-haasan-starrer-to-go-on-floors-from-january-18/articleshow/67345722.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108042304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-the-kamal-haasan-starrer-to-go-on-floors-from-january-18/articleshow/67345722.cms |archive-date=8 January 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=18 January 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' shooting kicks off today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-kicks-off-today/articleshow/67584268.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902045405/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-kicks-off-today/articleshow/67584268.cms |archive-date=2 September 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A week-long shoot was held at a memorial home near [[Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital|Government General Hospital]] in [[Chennai]], before the team also shot scenes at a nearby film studio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Vijayaprakash |date=21 February 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2: "Film has not been abandoned", production house clarifies |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/kamal-haasans-indian-2-film-has-not-been-abandoned-production-house-clarifies/369753 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231519/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/kamal-haasans-indian-2-film-has-not-been-abandoned-production-house-clarifies/369753 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> However the film was again delayed after the makers had trouble with the created sets.<ref name="delayed" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan all set to resume the shoot for Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-all-set-to-resume-the-shoot-for-indian-2/articleshow/67882330.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111131324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-all-set-to-resume-the-shoot-for-indian-2/articleshow/67882330.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The shoot was pushed further owing to the [[2019 Indian general election|Indian general election]] in May 2019,<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2019 |title='Indian 2' shoot to resume after elections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shoot-to-resume-after-elections/articleshow/68372233.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825122418/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shoot-to-resume-after-elections/articleshow/68372233.cms |archive-date=25 August 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> where Haasan's political party participated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Kamal's 'Indian 2' shooting to resume from May |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kamals-indian-2-shooting-resume-may-98272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231612/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kamals-indian-2-shooting-resume-may-98272 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Throughout the development process in 2018 and early 2019, the makers regularly denied media reports that the film had been shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Has Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 been shelved? Details here |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/is-kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-dropped-details-here-1503934-2019-04-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231518/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/is-kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-dropped-details-here-1503934-2019-04-17 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Later, the shooting was resumed in May 2019, post elections.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' back on track |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-back-on-track/articleshow/69372557.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004204449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-back-on-track/articleshow/69372557.cms |archive-date=4 October 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Owing to the long break between the schedules, cinematographer Ravi Varman also left the project after becoming committed to [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2019 |title=Ravi Varman opts out of 'Indian2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravi-varman-opts-out-of-indian2/articleshow/70464433.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111134707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravi-varman-opts-out-of-indian2/articleshow/70464433.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Cinematographer Ravi Varman opts out of Shankar's Indian 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cinematographer-ravi-varman-opts-out-of-shankar-s-indian-2/story-cDSvm4pIM3Vb32I238tO0J.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102081950/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cinematographer-ravi-varman-opts-out-of-shankar-s-indian-2/story-cDSvm4pIM3Vb32I238tO0J.html |archive-date=2 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> and was subsequently replaced by [[R. Rathnavelu]] who previously worked with Shankar in ''[[Enthiran]]'' (2010).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2019 |title=Cinematographer Ravi Varman opts out of Shankar's 'Indian 2' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cinematographer-ravi-varman-opts-out-shankar-s-indian-2-106485 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201033346/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cinematographer-ravi-varman-opts-out-shankar-s-indian-2-106485 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2019 |title=Cinematographer Rathnavelu to replace Ravi Varman in Indian 2 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/30/cinematographer-rathnavelu-to-replace-ravi-varman-in-kamal-haasan-shankar-indian-2-13325.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102131516/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/30/cinematographer-rathnavelu-to-replace-ravi-varman-in-kamal-haasan-shankar-indian-2-13325.html |archive-date=2 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

The second schedule began on 12 August 2019, at [[MGR Film City]] in Chennai,<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' to go on floors in August |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-go-on-floors-in-august/articleshow/70226682.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803165803/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-go-on-floors-in-august/articleshow/70226682.cms |archive-date=3 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> with scenes featuring Rakul Preet Singh being shot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2019 |title=Shooting of Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' begins |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shooting-kamal-haasans-indian-2-begins-107098 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812231549/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shooting-kamal-haasans-indian-2-begins-107098 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2019 |title=Rakul Preet joins the sets of Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rakul-preet-joins-the-sets-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/70640382.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814143025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rakul-preet-joins-the-sets-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2/articleshow/70640382.cms |archive-date=14 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Siddharth and Priya Bhavani Shankar too joined the sets on 16 August,<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2019 |title=Siddharth and Priya Bhavani Shankar join the set of 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/siddharth-and-priya-bhavani-shankar-join-the-set-of-indian-2/articleshow/70699629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906193625/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/siddharth-and-priya-bhavani-shankar-join-the-set-of-indian-2/articleshow/70699629.cms |archive-date=6 September 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and later Haasan too joined the sets on mid-September, where his portions being filmed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan starts shooting for 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasanstarts-shooting-for-indian-2/articleshow/70890506.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915161237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasanstarts-shooting-for-indian-2/articleshow/70890506.cms |archive-date=15 September 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Haasan and team, later moved to a city hotel in [[T. Nagar]], to proceed the shoot further.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan is shooting for Indian 2 in a city hotel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-is-shooting-for-indian-2-in-a-city-hotel/articleshow/71024775.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912113700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-is-shooting-for-indian-2-in-a-city-hotel/articleshow/71024775.cms |archive-date=12 September 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> By 12 September, the second schedule which took place in Chennai had been completed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2019 |title=Chennai schedule of Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-schedule-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2-wrapped-up/articleshow/71096737.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014141300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-schedule-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2-wrapped-up/articleshow/71096737.cms |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 19 September, the team went to [[Rajahmundry]], shoot the film's sequences featuring Haasan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan shoots in Rajahmundry jail |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shoots-in-rajahmundry-jail/articleshow/71201686.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019041552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shoots-in-rajahmundry-jail/articleshow/71201686.cms |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Later on 23 October, Haasan and his team went to [[Bhopal]] to shoot the film at its third schedule.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan starts shooting in Bhopal for Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-starts-shooting-in-bhopal-for-indian-2/articleshow/71720418.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111233729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-starts-shooting-in-bhopal-for-indian-2/articleshow/71720418.cms |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

On 25 October 2019, it was reported that a massive political rally along with a fight sequence,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=25 October 2019 |title=A massive set of a stage, for a political rally in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-massive-set-of-a-stage-for-a-political-rally-in-indian-2/articleshow/71741040.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222231610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-massive-set-of-a-stage-for-a-political-rally-in-indian-2/articleshow/71741040.cms |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> involving Haasan and 2000 junior artistes was shot in Bhopal at the cost of {{INRConvert|40|C|lk=c|year=2019}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2019 |title=Indian 2 shooting in Gwalior: Kamal Haasan's look from Shankar's film leaked |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-shooting-in-gwalior-kamal-haasan-s-look-from-shankar-s-film-leaked-1615016-2019-11-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103025625/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-shooting-in-gwalior-kamal-haasan-s-look-from-shankar-s-film-leaked-1615016-2019-11-02 |archive-date=3 November 2019 |access-date=3 November 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=18 October 2019 |title=Indian 2 crew heads to Bhopal, Rs 40 crore action sequence to be shot |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-2-crew-heads-to-bhopal-rs-40-crore-action-sequence-to-be-shot/story-zke6j8tHMwCjY8RtVBm0LN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103180124/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-2-crew-heads-to-bhopal-rs-40-crore-action-sequence-to-be-shot/story-zke6j8tHMwCjY8RtVBm0LN.html |archive-date=3 November 2019 |access-date=3 November 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> On 30 October 2019, it was reported that the makers head to [[Gwalior]] for a 12-day long shoot schedule,<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2019 |title=After Bhopal 'Indian 2' team head to Gwalior for next schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-bhopal-indian-2-team-head-to-gwalior-for-next-schedule/articleshow/71816347.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326055554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-bhopal-indian-2-team-head-to-gwalior-for-next-schedule/articleshow/71816347.cms |archive-date=26 March 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> which was completed within seven days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 November 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan shoots for Indian 2 in Gwalior |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shoots-for-indian-2-in-gwalior/articleshow/71923683.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shoots-for-indian-2-in-gwalior/articleshow/71923683.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Post the completion, the actor went to Chennai, to attend a felicitation ceremony for his 60 years in Tamil cinema,<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2019 |title=Vijay Sethupathi's request to Kamal Haasan after turning down role in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathis-request-to-kamal-haasan-after-turning-down-role-in-indian-2/articleshow/72104128.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118174416/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathis-request-to-kamal-haasan-after-turning-down-role-in-indian-2/articleshow/72104128.cms |archive-date=18 November 2019 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> followed by a surgery on 22 November to remove an implant that was performed after he met with an accident in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan to undergo surgery tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-undergo-surgery-tomorrow/articleshow/72155669.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111131335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-undergo-surgery-tomorrow/articleshow/72155669.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Scenes without featuring Haasan were canned, to complete major portions of the film, and planned to shoot his portions, after his recovery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2019 |title='Indian 2' shooting continues without Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-continues-without-kamal-haasan/articleshow/72196007.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111123919/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-continues-without-kamal-haasan/articleshow/72196007.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 21 January 2020, it was reported that Haasan will shoot for the film post his recovery, and it will take place at the EVP Film City, Chennai which will last for 35 days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan, Siddharth, Rakul Preet to shoot for 'Indian 2' in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-siddharth-rakul-preet-to-shoot-for-indian-2-in-chennai/articleshow/73480395.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528065805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-siddharth-rakul-preet-to-shoot-for-indian-2-in-chennai/articleshow/73480395.cms |archive-date=28 May 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan to return to the sets of 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-return-to-the-sets-of-indian-2/articleshow/73727586.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710111446/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-return-to-the-sets-of-indian-2/articleshow/73727586.cms |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was reported that the film's team will change the location from China to Italy, due to fear of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2020 |title=Location change for 'Indian 2' due to coronavirus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/location-change-for-indian-2-due-to-coronavirus/articleshow/74206917.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213235857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/location-change-for-indian-2-due-to-coronavirus/articleshow/74206917.cms |archive-date=13 December 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Filming was completed by 25 March 2024.<ref name="25mar24">{{Cite web |date=25 March 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan shares updates on 'Indian 2', 'Thug Life' and 'Kalki 2898 AD' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-updates-indian-2-thug-life-kalki-2898-ad-2519100-2024-03-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406180623/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-updates-indian-2-thug-life-kalki-2898-ad-2519100-2024-03-25 |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Accident on the sets ===
On 19 February 2020, during the shooting of the film, a crane carrying a heavy flash light fell on the sets,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2020 |title=3 killed during 'Indian 2' film shoot |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/3-killed-during-indian-2-shoot/article30864990.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219230448/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/3-killed-during-indian-2-shoot/article30864990.ece |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> resulting in the deaths of three crew members,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2020 |title=Tragic crane accident kills 3 on Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' sets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tragic-crane-accident-kills-3-on-kamal-haasans-indian-2-sets/articleshow/74217579.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101072838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tragic-crane-accident-kills-3-on-kamal-haasans-indian-2-sets/articleshow/74217579.cms |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> including an assistant director and leaving ten more injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stalin |first=J Sam Daniel |date=20 February 2020 |title=3 Assistant Directors Killed After Crane Crashes On Sets Of Kamal Haasan's "Indian 2" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/3-assistant-directors-killed-after-crane-crashes-on-kamal-haasans-indian-2-set-2182827 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621080742/https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/3-assistant-directors-killed-after-crane-crashes-on-kamal-haasans-indian-2-set-2182827 |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Haasan, Shankar and Aggarwal had narrow escapes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2020 |title='Indian 2' accident: This is how Kamal Haasan and Kajal Aggarwal narrowly escaped from the unfortunate disaster on the sets of the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/indian-2-accident-this-is-how-kamal-haasan-and-kajal-aggarwal-narrowly-escaped-from-the-unfortunate-disaster-on-the-sets-of-the-film/articleshow/74220427.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013052523/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/indian-2-accident-this-is-how-kamal-haasan-and-kajal-aggarwal-narrowly-escaped-from-the-unfortunate-disaster-on-the-sets-of-the-film/articleshow/74220427.cms |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lakshmi |first1=V. |last2=CR |first2=Sharanya |last3=Menon |first3=Thinkal |date=21 February 2020 |title=A crane accident on set of Indian 2 costs three lives and raises questions on safety measures |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-crane-accident-on-set-of-indian-2-costs-three-lives-and-raises-questions-on-safety-measures/articleshow/74226768.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-crane-accident-on-set-of-indian-2-costs-three-lives-and-raises-questions-on-safety-measures/articleshow/74226768.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A case was filed against Lyca Productions, along with three other persons by the Chennai police in connection with the accident on 21 February;<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2020 |title=Chennai police file four cases against 'Indian 2' producer Lyca Productions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-police-file-four-cases-against-indian-2-producer-lyca-productions/articleshow/74237119.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111114805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-police-file-four-cases-against-indian-2-producer-lyca-productions/articleshow/74237119.cms |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The crane operator Rajan who absconded post the incident, was arrested and booked under three sections, the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2020 |title='Indian 2' mishap: Crane operator arrested, booked for negligence |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-mishap-crane-operator-arrested-booked-negligence-118683 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031070143/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-mishap-crane-operator-arrested-booked-negligence-118683 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Later Haasan and Shankar were summoned by the CBI, to investigate the accident during the sets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 March 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan arrives at CBI office for investigation about the accident at 'Indian 2' sets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-arrives-at-cbi-office-for-investigation-about-the-accident-at-indian-2-sets/articleshow/74452392.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-arrives-at-cbi-office-for-investigation-about-the-accident-at-indian-2-sets/articleshow/74452392.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2020 |title='Indian 2' director Shankar was interrogated for more than 2 hours by CBI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-director-shankar-was-interrogated-for-more-than-2-hours-by-cbi/articleshow/74336277.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422201730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-director-shankar-was-interrogated-for-more-than-2-hours-by-cbi/articleshow/74336277.cms |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

On 26 February 2020, a week after the incident, Haasan wrote a letter to Lyca Productions regarding to conduct a safety audit for the prevention of any unfortunate events.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Indian 2 accident: Kamal Haasan writes letter to Lyca Productions, calls for safety audit on sets |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-accident-kamal-haasan-writes-letter-to-lyca-productions-calls-for-safety-audit-on-sets-1650061-2020-02-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031050741/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-accident-kamal-haasan-writes-letter-to-lyca-productions-calls-for-safety-audit-on-sets-1650061-2020-02-26 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The very same day, Subaskaran released a statement on Twitter, stating the shoot was held completely under the supervision of Haasan and Shankar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2020 |title='Indian 2' blame game: Lyca Productions states that shoot was under the supervision of Kamal Haasan and Shankar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-2-blame-game-lyca-productions-states-that-shoot-was-under-the-supervision-of-kamal-haasan-and-shankar/article30929796.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031030508/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-2-blame-game-lyca-productions-states-that-shoot-was-under-the-supervision-of-kamal-haasan-and-shankar/article30929796.ece |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=S |first1=Poorvaja |last2=Naig |first2=Udhav |date=8 March 2020 |title=Safety in the dream factory: 'Indian 2' shoot tragedy gives a wake-up call to Tamil film industry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/safety-in-the-dream-factory/article31012504.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226143437/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/safety-in-the-dream-factory/article31012504.ece |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> On 28 February 2020, Shankar announced that a donation of {{INRConvert|1|C|lk=c|year=2020}} will be given to the family of the deceased.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2020 |title=Shankar announces ₹1 crore for the family of deceased |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-announces-1-crore-for-the-family-of-deceased/articleshow/74393750.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-announces-1-crore-for-the-family-of-deceased/articleshow/74393750.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Following the accident, the team planned to shift the shooting location from EVP Film City to Binny Mills.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2020 |title=Shankar to move 'Indian 2' shooting spot to another location as echoes of the unfortunate accident haunt the team? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-to-move-indian-2-shooting-spot-to-another-location-as-echoes-of-the-unfortunate-accident-haunt-the-team/articleshow/75849270.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523044459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-to-move-indian-2-shooting-spot-to-another-location-as-echoes-of-the-unfortunate-accident-haunt-the-team/articleshow/75849270.cms |archive-date=23 May 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 shutdown and further delays ===
Filming was further delayed to the COVID-19 restrictions that came into effect during March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2020 |title=Has 'Indian 2' shooting resumed? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/has-indian-2-shooting-resumed/articleshow/74589692.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315113134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/has-indian-2-shooting-resumed/articleshow/74589692.cms |archive-date=15 March 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Arjun |date=5 June 2020 |title=South Indian film industry loses business to Covid-19 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/south-indian-film-industry-loses-business-to-covid-19/article31755393.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614114428/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/south-indian-film-industry-loses-business-to-covid-19/article31755393.ece |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref> Haasan planned to resume shooting in January 2021,<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 September 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan plans to complete Indian 2 shooting by January 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-plans-to-complete-indian-2-shooting-by-january-2021/articleshow/78031558.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430034741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-plans-to-complete-indian-2-shooting-by-january-2021/articleshow/78031558.cms |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=10 September 2020 |title=Indian 2: Kamal Haasan requests Shankar to wrap up film by January 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-kamal-haasan-requests-shankar-to-wrap-up-film-by-january-2021-1720511-2020-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415114509/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-kamal-haasan-requests-shankar-to-wrap-up-film-by-january-2021-1720511-2020-09-10 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> after hosting the [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 4|fourth season]] of ''Bigg Boss''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan to resume 'Indian 2' shoot in January 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-resume-indian-2-shoot-in-january-2021/articleshow/79658730.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226033833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-resume-indian-2-shoot-in-january-2021/articleshow/79658730.cms |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In September 2020, Haasan also signed [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]'s ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' during the intermediate timeline,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan to team up with filmmaker Lokesh Kanagaraj for next, see first poster |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kamal-haasan-to-team-up-with-filmmaker-lokesh-kanagaraj-for-next-see-first-poster/story-rKB9KiVs3Jeh51A0QjcxOJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331011052/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kamal-haasan-to-team-up-with-filmmaker-lokesh-kanagaraj-for-next-see-first-poster/story-rKB9KiVs3Jeh51A0QjcxOJ.html |archive-date=31 March 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> and Shankar also felt disappointed with the production house for not taking a call on the resumption of the shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyas |date=28 October 2020 |title=Disagreement between Shankar and Lyca? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/disagreement-between-shankar-and-lyca-productions-653385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213032527/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/disagreement-between-shankar-and-lyca-productions-653385 |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Times of India]]'', a spokesperson from the production team told that:
{{Blockquote|text="Shankar and his team were hoping that they would resume the shoot once the government allows film shoots with a larger crew. But now, the production house wants to bring down the cost further to make up for the losses as a result of the lockdown. But Shankar, who has already brought down the budget from `400 crore to ` 220 crore after their first disagreement, feels it would be very hard to make the film as he has envisioned with further budget cuts. So, the production house decided to play the waiting game and stayed mum on the resumption of the project. Meanwhile, Kamal Haasan has committed to Lokesh Kanagaraj's film. He was hoping to start that film after wrapping up work on ''Indian 2'', and did not start production work on Lokesh's film. But after seeing the current deadlock, he did a photo shoot with celebrity photographer Venket Ram at AVM Studio a couple of days ago. This has made Shankar realise that he might lose precious time if he keeps sitting idle, waiting for the producers of ''Indian 2'' to take a call on resumption of the shoot. So, he has dashed off a letter to them, asking them to provide him with their plans for the project, and allowing him to work on another film if they intend to delay things even further."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=23 October 2020 |title=Resume film or let me work on another project: Shankar's ultimatum to ''Indian 2'' producers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/resume-film-or-let-me-work-on-another-project-shankars-ultimatum-to-indian-2-producers/articleshow/78810167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125204237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/resume-film-or-let-me-work-on-another-project-shankars-ultimatum-to-indian-2-producers/articleshow/78810167.cms |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>}}
The report also claimed they had been told that Shankar had completed around 60% cent of the film's portions, including the intermission sequence, and "Even though Kamal is now focusing on Lokesh's project, he is also keen on wrapping up this film because he feels the film will give a major boost to his political image in the upcoming state elections, and wants it to release at least by summer 2021."<ref name=":2" /> However the company's COO, P. Kannan, denied it as a baseless rumour and stated that they did not get any kind of such information from the director. He added, "The film requires a huge crew of 500-600 people on the set, so the planning is going on. We are in the process of deciding how to move forward with the shoot, and in fact, we met Kamal Haasan yesterday to discuss this. We are hoping to resume the shoot soon."<ref name=":2" />

In January 2021, due to the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the crew planned to resume the shoot without Haasan in February, with the other cast and the director advised to keep themselves available for the shoot, while Haasan's portions would be filmed post-elections.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2021 |title='Indian 2' shooting schedule to resume without Kamal Haasan in February |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-schedule-to-resume-without-kamal-haasan-in-february/articleshow/80215585.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824095807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-schedule-to-resume-without-kamal-haasan-in-february/articleshow/80215585.cms |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> That same month, Rathnavelu also opted out of the film citing schedule conflicts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 February 2021 |title=After Ravi Varman, cinematographer Rathnavelu in plans to quit 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-ravi-varman-cinematographer-rathnavelu-in-plans-to-quit-indian-2/articleshow/80762277.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-ravi-varman-cinematographer-rathnavelu-in-plans-to-quit-indian-2/articleshow/80762277.cms |archive-date=20 April 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2021 |title=DoP Randy walks out of Indian 2 citing date issues? |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2021/02/27/dop-randy-walks-out-of-indian-2-citing-date-issues |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024000632/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2021/02/27/dop-randy-walks-out-of-indian-2-citing-date-issues |archive-date=24 October 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> Aggarwal, in March 2021, stated that the reason for the delay was that most of the crew members are from the United States, they are unable to travel and work in India due to [[Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 travel restrictions]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2021 |title=Kajal Aggarwal reveals reason for 'Indian 2' shoot delay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-reveals-reason-for-indian-2-shoot-delay/articleshow/81549418.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625165534/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-reveals-reason-for-indian-2-shoot-delay/articleshow/81549418.cms |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Later in February 2021, Shankar officially announced his debut directorial in Telugu, ''RC15'' (later titled as ''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]'') with [[Ram Charan]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2021 |title='Indian 2' is shelved or not? Here's the truth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-is-shelved-or-not-heres-the-truth/articleshow/80875946.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314023752/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-is-shelved-or-not-heres-the-truth/articleshow/80875946.cms |archive-date=14 March 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and also planned for the [[Hindi]] remake of ''[[Anniyan]]'', with [[Ranveer Singh]], which was later shelved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 February 2021 |title=Is Shankar teaming up with Ranveer Singh for a Hindi film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-shankar-teaming-up-with-ranveer-singh-for-a-hindi-film/articleshow/81088157.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218202956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-shankar-teaming-up-with-ranveer-singh-for-a-hindi-film/articleshow/81088157.cms |archive-date=18 February 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In April 2021, Lyca Productions submitted a suit against Shankar to restrain directing any other film before his commitments with the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=Indian 2 row: Lyca asks Madras HC to restrain Shankar from working in other films |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-row-lyca-asks-madras-hc-restrain-shankar-working-other-films-146311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204811/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-row-lyca-asks-madras-hc-restrain-shankar-working-other-films-146311 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> However, Shankar denied Lyca's allegations and also argued that the production house cannot prevent him from making other films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2021 |title=Shankar denies Lyca's allegation on abandoning Indian 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-denies-lycas-allegation-on-abandoning-indian-2/articleshow/82084742.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626115939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-denies-lycas-allegation-on-abandoning-indian-2/articleshow/82084742.cms |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The court ordered Shankar and Lyca Productions to settle this issue amicably,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2021 |title='Indian 2' row: Madras HC orders Shankar, Lyca to amicably solve issue |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-row-madras-hc-orders-shankar-lyca-amicably-solve-issue-147778 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203938/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-row-madras-hc-orders-shankar-lyca-amicably-solve-issue-147778 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> but negotiations failed,<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2021 |title='Indian 2': Negotiations between the producer and director Shankar failed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-negotiations-between-the-producer-and-director-shankar-failed/articleshow/82289723.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627073351/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-negotiations-between-the-producer-and-director-shankar-failed/articleshow/82289723.cms |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> with Shankar blaming Haasan and Lyca for the delay.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 2021 |title=Shankar blames Lyca and Kamal Haasan for Indian 2 delay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-blames-lyca-and-kamal-haasan-for-indian-2-delay/articleshow/82545474.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626151544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-blames-lyca-and-kamal-haasan-for-indian-2-delay/articleshow/82545474.cms |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 May 2021 |title=Makers of 'Indian 2' prevents Shankar from directing a new film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/makers-of-indian-2-prevents-shankar-from-directing-a-new-film/articleshow/82627904.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613062904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/makers-of-indian-2-prevents-shankar-from-directing-a-new-film/articleshow/82627904.cms |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In June 2021, the [[Madras High Court]] denied the producer's appeal to stop Shankar directing other films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2021 |title='Indian 2': Court denies to accept the producer's appeal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-court-denies-to-accept-the-producers-appeal/articleshow/83570968.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617104000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-court-denies-to-accept-the-producers-appeal/articleshow/83570968.cms |archive-date=17 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title='Indian 2': Madras HC denies Lyca Productions' appeal against director Shankar |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-madras-hc-denies-lyca-productions-appeal-against-director-shankar-150825 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617105154/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-2-madras-hc-denies-lyca-productions-appeal-against-director-shankar-150825 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Filming was further planned to be resumed in December 2021,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 November 2021 |title=Kamal Haasan to resume shooting for Indian 2 in December |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-resume-shooting-for-indian-2-in-december/articleshow/87542276.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106111101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-to-resume-shooting-for-indian-2-in-december/articleshow/87542276.cms |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> but pushed back further due to Haasan and Shankar's other commitments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 February 2022 |title=Indian 2 shooting to resume only after Vikram and RC15 are wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-to-resume-only-after-vikram-and-rc15-are-wrapped-up/articleshow/89748531.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309123630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-to-resume-only-after-vikram-and-rc15-are-wrapped-up/articleshow/89748531.cms |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=9 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Resumption ===
In May 2022, during the promotions of ''Vikram'', Haasan indicated the plans of resuming the film, once Shankar completes ''Game Changer''.{{cn|date=January 2026}} Following the success of ''Vikram'', plans to revive ''Indian 2'' were being initiated,<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2022 |title=Vikram star Kamal Haasan is 'eager' to start Indian 2, shares crucial update on Shankar's film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vikram-star-kamal-haasan-is-eager-to-start-indian-2-actor-shares-crucial-update-on-shankar-s-film-2961688 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620164125/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vikram-star-kamal-haasan-is-eager-to-start-indian-2-actor-shares-crucial-update-on-shankar-s-film-2961688 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan says he and Shankar are excited for Indian 2, shares update on film's shooting |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-says-he-and-shankar-are-excited-for-indian-2-shares-update-on-film-s-shooting-1963400-2022-06-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622135438/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-says-he-and-shankar-are-excited-for-indian-2-shares-update-on-film-s-shooting-1963400-2022-06-17 |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> and during June 2022, [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] of [[Red Giant Movies]] confirmed he had discussions with Subaskaran and that filming would resume soon, though he did not say whether he would be co-producing or distributing the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin to help restart Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/udhayanidhi-stalin-to-help-restart-kamal-haasans-indian-2-shoot/articleshow/92055282.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609050409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/udhayanidhi-stalin-to-help-restart-kamal-haasans-indian-2-shoot/articleshow/92055282.cms |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 24 August 2022, Red Giant Movies came on board as the co-producers,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=26 June 2023 |title=Watch {{!}} No more movies: Udhayanidhi Stalin on quitting acting after 'Maamannan,' and his political road ahead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/no-more-movies-udhayanidhi-stalin-on-quitting-acting-after-maamannan-and-his-political-road-ahead/article67011193.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630131103/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/no-more-movies-udhayanidhi-stalin-on-quitting-acting-after-maamannan-and-his-political-road-ahead/article67011193.ece |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and a preliminary schedule featuring Simha and other artists were filmed.<ref name="24aug22" /><ref name="hesback">{{Cite web |date=24 August 2022 |title='He's back': Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 resumes shoot, director Shankar announces actor's return |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-resumes-shoot-director-shankar-announces-he-is-back-8108279/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007105038/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-resumes-shoot-director-shankar-announces-he-is-back-8108279/ |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Ravi Varman, who earlier left the project, returned to handle cinematography.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2022 |title=DOP Ravi Varman: When Kamal walks into a scene, the entire shot becomes mesmerising as he rules the screen with his act- Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dop-ravi-varman-when-kamal-walks-into-a-scene-the-entire-shot-becomes-mesmerising-as-he-rules-the-screen-with-his-act-exclusive/articleshow/95376065.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211063945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dop-ravi-varman-when-kamal-walks-into-a-scene-the-entire-shot-becomes-mesmerising-as-he-rules-the-screen-with-his-act-exclusive/articleshow/95376065.cms |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2023 |title=Indian 2 cinematographer Ravi Varman says Kamal Haasan did THIS to his career |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/indian-2-cinematographer-ravi-varman-says-kamal-haasan-did-this-to-his-career/734388219881 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709124524/https://www.ottplay.com/news/indian-2-cinematographer-ravi-varman-says-kamal-haasan-did-this-to-his-career/734388219881 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref> During the same time, Shankar announced that he will be filming it simultaneously with ''Game Changer''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Shankar to shoot RC15 and Indian 2 simultaneously |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/25/shankar-to-shoot-rc15-and-indian-2simultaneously-34072.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826042206/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/25/shankar-to-shoot-rc15-and-indian-2simultaneously-34072.html |archive-date=26 August 2022 |access-date=26 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Haasan and Aggarwal joined the film's shooting, that was held at [[Tirupati]] on 21 September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan returns to Indian 2 sets after two years to resume shoot, gets clicked with Shankar. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-returns-to-indian-2-sets-after-two-years-to-resume-shoot-see-pics-101663844186095.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006054319/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-returns-to-indian-2-sets-after-two-years-to-resume-shoot-see-pics-101663844186095.html |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Kajal Aggarwal resumes work on Kamal Hassan's Indian 2: 'Post baby, my body isn't the same it used to be' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kajal-aggarwal-resumes-work-on-kamal-hassan-starrer-indian-2-101663735377057.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006054321/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kajal-aggarwal-resumes-work-on-kamal-hassan-starrer-indian-2-101663735377057.html |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Both the artists performed the [[Kalaripayattu]] and [[Varma kalai]] art forms, under the guidance of Dr. A. K. Prakasan Gurukkal, the founder of the spiritual art form.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2018 |title=Indian 2: Kajal Aggarwal to learn Varma Kalai for Kamal Haasan film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-kajal-aggarwal-to-learn-varma-kalai-for-kamal-haasan-film-1410659-2018-12-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073313/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-kajal-aggarwal-to-learn-varma-kalai-for-kamal-haasan-film-1410659-2018-12-16 |archive-date=10 January 2019 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan and Kajal Aggarwal to perform the art of Varma Kalai in 'Indian 2'; deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-and-kajal-aggarwal-to-perform-the-art-of-varma-kalai-in-indian-2-deets-inside/articleshow/94508023.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015195428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-and-kajal-aggarwal-to-perform-the-art-of-varma-kalai-in-indian-2-deets-inside/articleshow/94508023.cms |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In November 2022, a minor schedule took place in Chennai with other supporting characters after Haasan was unavailable due to his commitments on hosting the [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 6|sixth season]] of ''Bigg Boss''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 Chennai schedule begins. Cricketer Yuvraj Singh's father Yograj joins film's cast |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-indian-2-chennai-schedule-begins-cricketer-yuvraj-singhs-father-yograj-joins-films-cast-2292023-2022-11-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113012425/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-indian-2-chennai-schedule-begins-cricketer-yuvraj-singhs-father-yograj-joins-films-cast-2292023-2022-11-01 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

In February 2023, a month-long schedule was held at the Adityaram Studios in Chennai, where filming would be held for a single stretch and was considered to be the longest schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan to resume month-long schedule of Indian 2 shoot in Chennai. Details inside |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-to-resume-month-long-schedule-of-indian-2-shoot-in-chennai-details-inside-2335384-2023-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404053746/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-to-resume-month-long-schedule-of-indian-2-shoot-in-chennai-details-inside-2335384-2023-02-16 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> In this schedule, several night shoots took place.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2023 |title='Indian 2' next shooting schedule in Chennai; Kamal Haasan to shoot for 30 days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-next-shooting-schedule-in-chennai-kamal-haasan-to-shoot-for-30-days/articleshow/97948927.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825131753/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-next-shooting-schedule-in-chennai-kamal-haasan-to-shoot-for-30-days/articleshow/97948927.cms |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After the schedule wrap, the team planned for filming an action sequence set in train at [[South Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Indian 2 Makers To Shoot A Big Action Scene On Train In South Africa |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-makers-to-shoot-a-big-action-scene-on-train-in-south-africa-7316893.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326152217/https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-makers-to-shoot-a-big-action-scene-on-train-in-south-africa-7316893.html |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> On 1 April 2023, the team moved to Taiwan for filming a major sequence,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 April 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan heads to Taiwan for 'Indian 2' shooting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-heads-to-taiwan-for-indian-2-shooting/articleshow/99164322.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412161222/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-heads-to-taiwan-for-indian-2-shooting/articleshow/99164322.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and thereafter, went to [[Johannesburg]] for filming the aforementioned train sequence on 12 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title='Indian 2' shooting spot in South Africa revealed, in pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-spot-in-south-africa-revealed-in-pics/articleshow/99456417.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611094105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-shooting-spot-in-south-africa-revealed-in-pics/articleshow/99456417.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan goes globe-trotting for 'Indian 2' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-haasan-goes-globe-trotting-for-indian-2/article66728746.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103134632/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-haasan-goes-globe-trotting-for-indian-2/article66728746.ece |archive-date=3 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Although being planned as a 12-day schedule, it was filmed within six days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan-Shankar wrap up South Africa schedule of 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shankar-wrap-up-south-africa-schedule-of-indian-2/articleshow/99585296.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611094106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-shankar-wrap-up-south-africa-schedule-of-indian-2/articleshow/99585296.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 10 May 2023, Shankar filmed a major schedule in Chennai, which was completed on 31 May.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2023 |title=Shankar wraps up 'Game Changer' climax; moves to 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-wraps-up-game-changer-climax-moves-to-indian-2/articleshow/100117688.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620222755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-wraps-up-game-changer-climax-moves-to-indian-2/articleshow/100117688.cms |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2023 |title=It's a schedule wrap for Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2'; the team jets off to THIS country next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-the-team-jets-off-to-this-country-next/articleshow/100670536.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005204144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-kamal-haasans-indian-2-the-team-jets-off-to-this-country-next/articleshow/100670536.cms |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 19 June 2023, a sequence was supposed to be filmed at the [[Chennai International Airport]] but was interrupted claiming that the crew did not obtain proper permission from the officials.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2023 |title=The 'Indian 2' shoot at the Chennai airport stopped midway; no proper permission was obtained. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-indian-2-shoot-at-the-chennai-airport-stopped-midway-no-proper-permission-was-obtained-/articleshow/101130873.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627095805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-indian-2-shoot-at-the-chennai-airport-stopped-midway-no-proper-permission-was-obtained-/articleshow/101130873.cms |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

After a four-month break, in November 2023, filming for the concurrent schedule began in [[Vijayawada]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 2023 |title='Indian 2' new shoot schedule and production begin in Vijayawada |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/indian-2-new-shoot-schedule-and-production-begin-in-vijayawada/articleshow/105085797.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109083102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/indian-2-new-shoot-schedule-and-production-begin-in-vijayawada/articleshow/105085797.cms |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The crew had shot few sequences at the Alankar Center at [[Gandhinagar, Vijayawada|Gandhinagar]] with the presence of 8000 extras for four days,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2023 |title=Indian 2 shoot resumes with 8000 artists in Vijayawada |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/indian-2-shoot-resumes-with-8000-artists-in-vijayawada.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115164858/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/indian-2-shoot-resumes-with-8000-artists-in-vijayawada.html |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[123telugu.com]]}}</ref> and moved to [[Visakhapatnam]] for a 10-day schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2023 |title=Indian 2 hulchul in Vijayawada |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/indian-2-hulchul-in-vijayawada-telugu-news-345299 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102122111/https://www.indiaglitz.com/indian-2-hulchul-in-vijayawada-telugu-news-345299 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, the team moved to Chennai for filming the remaining sequences and in late-December 2023, the team wrapped the schedule except for filming two songs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2023 |title=It's a schedule wrap for Kamal Haasan and Shankar 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-indian-2/articleshow/106399278.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231050359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-indian-2/articleshow/106399278.cms |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In early January 2024, it was announced that the production for the film has been completed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' shooting wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/106474184.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102120303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/106474184.cms |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' reported that filming for few songs were pending which would be shot in India before the [[2024 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title=இந்தியன் 2: பாடல் ஷூட், கமலின் தேர்தல் பணி; ஏப்ரலுக்குள் ரெடியாகிவிடுமா ஷங்கரின் மெகா புராஜெக்ட்? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/kamal-and-shankars-magnum-opus-indian-2-release-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119092344/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/kamal-and-shankars-magnum-opus-indian-2-release-updates |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> The following month, it was reported that filming was nearing conclusion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 February 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan, Shankar to wrap up 'Indian 2', promotions to begin soon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-shankar-to-wrap-up-indian-2-promotions-to-begin-soon-2508472-2024-02-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406181415/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-shankar-to-wrap-up-indian-2-promotions-to-begin-soon-2508472-2024-02-29 |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> A song was filmed for 10 days during early-March 2024 at the housing boards in Chennai painted with silhouettes of Senapathy and featured Siddharth and Priya Bhavani Shankar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 February 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' shooting nearing completion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-nearing-completion/articleshow/108100150.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405160613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-shooting-nearing-completion/articleshow/108100150.cms |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' titbits: Shooting reaches the final leg with a song wrap! |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ulaganayagan-kamal-haasan-indian-2-shooting-song-wrap-release-date-shankar-anirudh-latest-update-tamil-news-351803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318055040/https://www.indiaglitz.com/ulaganayagan-kamal-haasan-indian-2-shooting-song-wrap-release-date-shankar-anirudh-latest-update-tamil-news-351803 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> On 25 March, Haasan announced that the production of the film has been completed.<ref name="25mar24" />

=== Design ===

In June 2021, Seema Tabassum, Haasan's make-up artist claimed that the film consisted of using [[prosthetic makeup]]s for Haasan and Aggarwal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2021 |title=Here's an update on Kamal Haasan's look in Indian 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-an-update-on-kamal-haasans-look-in-indian-2_-49021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105060512/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-an-update-on-kamal-haasans-look-in-indian-2_-49021.html |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> Haasan's friend and makeup artist [[Michael Westmore]], who previously worked in the predecessor, provided inputs for the makeup and design during their meeting in United States in August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan meets Oscar-winning makeup artist Michael Westmore ahead of Indian 2 shooting |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-meets-old-friend-oscar-award-winning-makeup-artist-michael-westmore-ahead-of-indian-2-8107087/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105080307/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-meets-old-friend-oscar-award-winning-makeup-artist-michael-westmore-ahead-of-indian-2-8107087/ |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan meets Hollywood make-up artist ahead of 'Indian 2' shooting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-meets-hollywood-make-up-artist-ahead-of-indian-2-shooting/articleshow/93709092.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105060448/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasan-meets-hollywood-make-up-artist-ahead-of-indian-2-shooting/articleshow/93709092.cms |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Margaux Lancaster also joined the film's crew, post-completion of the Taiwan schedule in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2023 |title=THIS Hollywood star joins Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2'; Taiwan schedule completes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/this-hollywood-star-joins-kamal-haasans-indian-2-taiwan-schedule-completes/articleshow/99314897.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422095520/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/this-hollywood-star-joins-kamal-haasans-indian-2-taiwan-schedule-completes/articleshow/99314897.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The production team members claimed that the prosthetic makeup takes around four to five hours, hence Haasan would come to the sets at 5:00 a.m. ahead of the shooting at 9:00 am. The crew had to be fast while shooting his portions as it would be really difficult for Haasan to shoot with the prosthetics due to the increase in temperature, and after filming those sequences it takes around two hours to remove the prosthetics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Did you know Kamal Haasan's make up for Indian 2 takes four hours? - Exclusive details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-you-know-kamal-haasans-make-up-for-indian-2-takes-four-hours-exclusive-details/articleshow/101722838.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724085105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-you-know-kamal-haasans-make-up-for-indian-2-takes-four-hours-exclusive-details/articleshow/101722838.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=24 July 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Legacy Effects]] designed prosthetic makeup and animatronics, with Vance Hartwell and [[Pattanam Rasheed]] as the makeup artists. Haasan's costume designer [[Amritha Ram]] worked on the film, with Pallavi Singh, Gavin Miguel, Rocky and S. B. Satheesan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaveri |first=Megha |date=20 February 2020 |title=Costume designer Amritha, who was on 'Indian 2' sets, recalls narrow escape |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/costume-designer-amritha-who-was-indian-2-sets-recalls-narrow-escape-118589 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105060458/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/costume-designer-amritha-who-was-indian-2-sets-recalls-narrow-escape-118589 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2020 |title=Indian 2: Costume designer reveals Kamal, Kajal and she had a narrow escape |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-2-costume-designer-amritha-ram-reveals-how-kamal-haasan-kajal-aggarwal-and-she-had-a-providential-escape/story-u9i36KJrp4EhjgnkjgwyTJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321131517/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/indian-2-costume-designer-amritha-ram-reveals-how-kamal-haasan-kajal-aggarwal-and-she-had-a-providential-escape/story-u9i36KJrp4EhjgnkjgwyTJ.html |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

=== Post-production ===
The editing of the film began in May 2020, after [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]] permitted resumption of post-production works of Tamil films that were interrupted due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and were instructed to follow the necessary safety regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2020 |title=Indian 2, Doctor and Ka Pae Ranasingam resume post-production work |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-doctor-and-ka-pae-ranasingam-resume-post-production-work-1677601-2020-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213003646/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-doctor-and-ka-pae-ranasingam-resume-post-production-work-1677601-2020-05-13 |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The team decided to edit most of the available footage that was completed before the prolonged delay of the film's shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2020 |title=Vijay's Master and Kamal Hassan's Indian 2 To Resume Post-Production Work |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijays-master-and-kamal-hassans-indian-2-to-resume-post-production-work-2616891.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511100527/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijays-master-and-kamal-hassans-indian-2-to-resume-post-production-work-2616891.html |archive-date=11 May 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> Due to Vivek and Venu's deaths before production could be completed, Shankar decided to use visual effects to complete their remaining scenes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Shankar's 'Indian 2' to feature late actors Vivek and Nedumudi Venu, here's how |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankars-indian-2-to-feature-late-actors-vivek-and-nedumudi-venu-heres-how/articleshow/99709836.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509025929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankars-indian-2-to-feature-late-actors-vivek-and-nedumudi-venu-heres-how/articleshow/99709836.cms |archive-date=9 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Vivek's scenes were completed with [[Kovai Babu]] being the body double and his face digitally morphed to resemble Vivek.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2024 |title=Here's how Shankar filmed late actor Vivek's portion in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/heres-how-shankar-filmed-late-actor-viveks-portion-in-indian-2/articleshow/111858903.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720010331/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/heres-how-shankar-filmed-late-actor-viveks-portion-in-indian-2/articleshow/111858903.cms |archive-date=20 July 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Full-fledged post-production works began during July 2023. Shankar collaborated with [[Lola Visual Effects]], known for their work in several [[Cinema of the United States|American]] films, to showcase younger looks of Haasan through [[De-aging in motion pictures|de-aging technology]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=Audience to witness a digitally de-aged version of Kamal Haasan in Indian 2? Here is what we know |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/news-kamal-haasan-to-be-digitally-de-aged-in-indian-2-s-shankar-s-latest-tweet-suggests-so-see-post-stst-3053195 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725124554/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/news-kamal-haasan-to-be-digitally-de-aged-in-indian-2-s-shankar-s-latest-tweet-suggests-so-see-post-stst-3053195 |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[DNA India]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=23 July 2023 |title=Shankar excites fans with the latest update on 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-excites-fans-with-the-latest-update-on-indian-2/articleshow/102054695.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728223852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shankar-excites-fans-with-the-latest-update-on-indian-2/articleshow/102054695.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=28 July 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and work on the visual effects began at the studio lot of [[Paramount Pictures]].<ref name=":4" /> [[V. Srinivas Mohan]] joined the film as the [[visual effects supervisor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Exclusive! Srinivas Mohan Opens Up On Association With Director Shankar, Working On Indian 2, Game Changer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/exclusive-srinivas-mohan-opens-up-on-association-with-director-shankar-working-on-indian-2-game-changer-article-103206984 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105061116/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/exclusive-srinivas-mohan-opens-up-on-association-with-director-shankar-working-on-indian-2-game-changer-article-103206984 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> In October 2023, Haasan started dubbing for his portions in the film held at the Le Magic Lantern Studio in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan starts dubbing for Shankar's 'Indian 2' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/10/kamal-haasan-starts-dubbing-for-shankars-indian-2-2622576.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016020706/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/10/kamal-haasan-starts-dubbing-for-shankars-indian-2-2622576.html |archive-date=16 October 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=Video: Kamal Haasan begins 'Indian 2' dubbing with director Shankar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/video-kamal-haasan-begins-indian-2-dubbing-with-director-shankar-2446790-2023-10-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015085028/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/video-kamal-haasan-begins-indian-2-dubbing-with-director-shankar-2446790-2023-10-10 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> and the very same month the production company tweeted that they had received a copy of the first edit for the film.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=28 October 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' gearing up release soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-gearing-up-release-soon/articleshow/104777840.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104145216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-gearing-up-release-soon/articleshow/104777840.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=4 November 2023 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In January 2024, sources from the production team claimed that the final edit had been locked and the post-production team was working on the [[digital intermediate]], [[Color grading|colour grading]], [[Previsualization|previsualisation]], computer graphics and several aspects, without making any amendments from the cut. Nearly four reels of the edit had been sent for the [[sound design]] and [[sound effect]]s. Although the team intended to complete the film prior to the tentative April 2024 release, the producers wanted to announce the date only after being assured from all the post-production units.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Shankar locks the edit of Kamal Haasan's Indian 2; Anirudh starts work on background score |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-shankar-locks-the-edit-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2-anirudh-starts-work-on-background-score-1272359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118121953/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-shankar-locks-the-edit-of-kamal-haasans-indian-2-anirudh-starts-work-on-background-score-1272359 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Splitting into two films ===
Although ''Indian 2'' was conceived as a single film during production, in June 2023 Udhayanidhi stated that they had discussed plans for a sequel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=29 June 2023 |title='Indian 3' on the cards, says Udhayanidhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-on-the-cards-says-udhayanidhi/articleshow/101359391.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630030804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-on-the-cards-says-udhayanidhi/articleshow/101359391.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The following month, it was reported that the film would be [[List of films split into multiple parts|split into two-parts]], as the final footage for the film was over six hours long; the latter titled ''Indian 3'', was being shot simultaneously.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2023 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Kamal Haasan's Indian is now a trilogy– Shankar simultaneously shoots part 2 and 3 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-kamal-haasans-indian-is-now-a-trilogy-shankar-simultaneously-shoots-part-2-and-3-1232107 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731213335/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-kamal-haasans-indian-is-now-a-trilogy-shankar-simultaneously-shoots-part-2-and-3-1232107 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> In October 2023, ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said around 80% of the footage had been shot for ''Indian 3'', and only 25 days were needed to complete it.<ref name="11sep23">{{Cite web |last=R |first=Srinivasan |date=11 September 2023 |title=Indian 2 Update: 'இந்தியன் 3'-யே ரெடி! ஷங்கர் - கமல் கூட்டணியின் திட்டம் என்ன? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/indian-2-update-all-things-ready-to-make-indian-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104145217/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/indian-2-update-all-things-ready-to-make-indian-3 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> On 24 March 2024, Haasan confirmed the third instalment in the franchise; he stated that ''Indian 3'' was shot alongside ''Indian 2''.<ref name="guest">{{Cite web |date=25 March 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan to play guest role in Kalki 2898 AD, confirms Indian 3 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-to-play-guest-role-in-kalki-2898-ad-confirms-indian-3-101711346359134.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406060031/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-to-play-guest-role-in-kalki-2898-ad-confirms-indian-3-101711346359134.html |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> At the launch of the trailer of ''Indian 2'', Shankar stated that the split was done because he was impressed with all that was shot and cutting the film to a shorter length would affect its quality. Aggarwal's portions were later confirmed to only feature in ''Indian 3''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=Did you know Kajal Aggarwal is not part of 'Indian 2' but 'Indian 3'? Director Shankar reveals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/did-you-know-kajal-aggarwal-is-not-part-of-indian-2-but-indian-3-director-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110634034.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603014313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/did-you-know-kajal-aggarwal-is-not-part-of-indian-2-but-indian-3-director-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110634034.cms |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In July 2024, it was reported that ''Indian 3'' was undergoing reshoots in response to the negative reviews of its predecessor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title='இந்தியன் 3' படத்திற்காக மீண்டும் படப்பிடிப்பு |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/122854 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824040303/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/122854 |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Indian 2 (soundtrack)}}

The [[soundtrack album]] and background score are composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], who is working with Shankar for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2018 |title=Confirmed: Anirudh to compose music for Kamal Haasan-Shankar's Indian 2 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/dec/11/confirmed-anirudh-to-compose-music-for-kamal-haasan-shankars-indian-2-9178.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622004929/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/dec/11/confirmed-anirudh-to-compose-music-for-kamal-haasan-shankars-indian-2-9178.html |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> He replaces Shankar's frequent collaborator [[A. R. Rahman]], who scored the 1996 film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotwani |first=Hiren |date=4 December 2018 |title='2.0' director S Shankar and AR Rahman unlikely to team up for 'Indian 2' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-20-director-s-shankar-and-ar-rahman-unlikely-to-team-up-for-indian-2-2691940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211183131/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-20-director-s-shankar-and-ar-rahman-unlikely-to-team-up-for-indian-2-2691940 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> This will mark the second collaboration of Anirudh with Haasan, after ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=17 May 2022 |title=Vikram is a fanboy sambavam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/may/17/vikramis-a-fanboy-sambavam-2454318.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526161740/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/may/17/vikramis-a-fanboy-sambavam-2454318.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> After the offer came his way in November 2017, Anirudh started composing for the songs during December 2017, and it took a year to complete the album. He remarked that the delay in the release of ''2.0'' gave him more time to work on the film's songs.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

In November 2023, it was announced that the audio rights for the film were acquired by [[Sony Music India]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1719934899355062644 |user=LycaProductions |title=Keep your speakers ready 🔊⚡️ A rockstar @anirudhofficial musical 🎸 INDIAN-2 🇮🇳 audio rights bagged by @SonyMusicSouth |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |date=2 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102092523/https://twitter.com/LycaProductions/status/1719934899355062644 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The album was officially released on 1 June 2024, which coincided with a promotional event held at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium]] in [[Chennai]], with the presence of the film's cast and crew and all the other celebrities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Indian 2 audio launch: Kajal Aggarwal, Rakul Preet Singh arrive; stage set for grand event of Kamal Haasan-Shankar's film. See pics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/indian-2-audio-launch-kajal-aggarwal-rakul-preet-singh-arrive-stage-set-for-grand-event-of-kamal-haasan-shankars-film-see-pics-9366179/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601182817/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/indian-2-audio-launch-kajal-aggarwal-rakul-preet-singh-arrive-stage-set-for-grand-event-of-kamal-haasan-shankars-film-see-pics-9366179/ |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The film's final trailer was released on 25 June 2024. It received unfavourable response from viewers, with particular criticism towards Haasan's makeup, Shankar's direction and the writing; some noted the absence of deceased writer [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]], whose contributions to the 1996 were instrumental in its success. Viewers also questioned the title character's seemingly flawless agility and reflexes, despite him evidently being over 100 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2024 |title='Looks like a spoof of Shankar's movies': Twitter calls Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 trailer disappointing |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/looks-like-a-spoof-of-shankar-s-movies-twitter-calls-kamal-haasans-indian-2-trailer-disappointing-101719378761100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630092350/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/looks-like-a-spoof-of-shankar-s-movies-twitter-calls-kamal-haasans-indian-2-trailer-disappointing-101719378761100.html |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2024 |title='Successfully destroyed Senapathy': Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 trailer leaves the internet disappointed |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/successfully-destroyed-senapathy-kamal-haasans-indian-2-trailer-leaves-the-internet-disappointed-101719385158844.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701024529/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/successfully-destroyed-senapathy-kamal-haasans-indian-2-trailer-leaves-the-internet-disappointed-101719385158844.html |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Indian 2'' was released worldwide on 12 July 2024 in standard and [[IMAX]] formats.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} In April 2023, [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] stated that they were currently planning on releasing the film in theatres during summer (April–June 2024), as it featured extensive visual effects and needed to be completed within the end of 2023.<ref name=":5"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Will There Be A Third Part To Kamal Haasan-starrer Indian? Udhayanidhi Stalin Answers |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/will-there-be-a-third-part-to-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-udhayanidhi-stalin-answers-8223493.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711180325/https://www.news18.com/movies/will-there-be-a-third-part-to-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-udhayanidhi-stalin-answers-8223493.html |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> A year later, on 6 April 2024, the production houses officially announced that the film would theatrically release worldwide that June.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' to release in June |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-in-june/article68036248.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406181152/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-in-june/article68036248.ece |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2024 |title=It's Official: Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' to release in June 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-official-kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-in-june-2024/articleshow/109090842.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406173224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-official-kamal-haasans-indian-2-to-release-in-june-2024/articleshow/109090842.cms |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, after a month, the film was revealed to have been postponed to 12 July, due to a few unfinished post-production works and the makers not wanting to compromise on the quality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 gets a new release date; Shankar's film to hit screens in July |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-gets-a-new-release-date-shankar-s-film-to-hit-screens-in-july-101716197558326.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522164954/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-gets-a-new-release-date-shankar-s-film-to-hit-screens-in-july-101716197558326.html |archive-date=22 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2024 |editor-last=Rajpal |editor-first=Roktim |title=Kamal Haasan-led 'Indian 2' to Release in July? All We Know |url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-led-indian-2-to-release-in-july-all-we-know/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522182740/https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-led-indian-2-to-release-in-july-all-we-know/ |archive-date=22 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=[[Newsx]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Indian 2'' was the first Indian film to be released in the [[4DX]] format in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1811339003204960631 |user=LycaProductions |title=Saudi Arabia, 🇸🇦 brace yourselves! #Indian2 🇮🇳 is the first Indian movie to arrive in 4DX. Feel the thrill! 🔥 Book your tickets now at @EmpireCinemasSA 🤩🍿 |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |access-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115030652/https://x.com/LycaProductions/status/1811339003204960631 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
Sree Gokulam Movies bought the film's distribution rights for [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1793231962330554682 |user=LycaProductions |title=Elated to reunite with @GokulamMovies for INDIAN-2 distribution in Kerala! 🇮🇳 Senapathy returns with zero-tolerance against corruption across the region. 🤞🏻🔥 #Indian2 🇮🇳 In Cinemas 📽️✨ from July 12th 2024 🗓️ |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |date=22 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref> and Romeo Pictures did so for [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1793235281983787316 |user=LycaProductions |title=Delighted to associate with #RomeoPictures for INDIAN-2 distribution in Karnataka! 🇮🇳 Senapathy is returning WISER & DEADLIER across the region. 🤞🏻🔥 #Indian2 🇮🇳 In Cinemas 📽️✨ from July 12th 2024 🗓️ |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |date=22 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref> [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]] acquired the [[North India]] distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1793877207829651962 |user=LycaProductions |title=Excited to associate with @PenMovies again for HINDUSTANI-2 distribution in North India! 🇮🇳 Gear up for Senapathy's powerful comeback across the region. 🤞🏻🔥 #Hindustani2 🇮🇳 In Cinemas 📽️✨ from July 12th 2024 🗓️ |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |access-date=24 May 2024}}</ref> In Malaysia, the distribution rights were acquired by 3 Dot Movies.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1803051207574901001 |user=LycaProductions |title=Excited to join hands 🤝 with @3DotMovies for INDIAN-2 🇮🇳 distribution in Malaysia! 🇲🇾 Get ready for the revival of Senapathy! 🤞🏻🤩 |author=Lyca Productions |access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
In July 2023, it was announced that the film's digital streaming rights were purchased by [[Netflix]] for a price of {{INRConvert|200|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 Digital Rights Sold For A Whopping Rs 200 Crore? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-digital-rights-sold-for-a-whopping-rs-200-crore-heres-what-we-know-8413759.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726091757/https://www.news18.com/movies/kamal-haasans-indian-2-digital-rights-sold-for-a-whopping-rs-200-crore-heres-what-we-know-8413759.html |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2023 |title=Indian 2: Digital rights of Kamal Haasan's film sold for Rs 200 crore- Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/indian-2-digital-rights-of-kamal-haasans-film-sold-for-rs-200-crore-exclusive/articleshow/102080567.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724180553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/indian-2-digital-rights-of-kamal-haasans-film-sold-for-rs-200-crore-exclusive/articleshow/102080567.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=24 July 2023 |access-date=2 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The satellite rights were acquired by [[Kalaignar TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 and Ajith's VidaaMuyarchi Among Netflix's Slate of Tamil Films |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-and-ajiths-vidamuyarchi-among-netflixs-slate-of-tamil-films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119014915/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/kamal-haasans-indian-2-and-ajiths-vidamuyarchi-among-netflixs-slate-of-tamil-films |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
''Indian 2'' received negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=3 January 2025 |title=Director Shankar reacts to 'Indian 2' negative reviews; shares update on 'Indian 3' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-shankar-on-indian-3-we-will-restart-work-after-game-changer-release/article69057734.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108093919/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-shankar-on-indian-3-we-will-restart-work-after-game-changer-release/article69057734.ece |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=24 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 15% of 13 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4/10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian 2 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indian_2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025200/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indian_2 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |language=en}}</ref>

Sakshi Verma of ''[[India TV]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The movie struggles to be real and dramatic, even while it tries to deliver sincere sentiments. But not the actors or technicians, it's the director that fails us. Shankar uses outdated writing structures, the movie feels uninspired and stale. M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "The problem with ''Indian 2'' is that it is filled with writing that lacks nuance and characters who are caricatures. Even in terms of scenes, all the visual excesses that Shankar throws at them – grand sets, visual effects, and frames filled with people – hardly touch us as there's no emotional connect."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 Movie Review : Indian 2 is a sequel of unwanted excesses |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/indian-2/movie-review/111682511.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250130135804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/indian-2/movie-review/111682511.cms |archive-date=30 January 2025 |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

B. V. S. Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Director Shankar used Senapathy to trigger the consciousness of youngsters and motivate them to fight corruption but falters in execution since four people is a bit too much since it sidelines Senapathy feats."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 review: Kamal soars, yet his anti-corruption saga goes for a toss |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/kamal-soars-yet-his-anti-corruption-saga-goes-for-a-toss-1809838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712145449/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/kamal-soars-yet-his-anti-corruption-saga-goes-for-a-toss-1809838 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Anusha Sundar of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "''Indian 2'' is a film that has Shankar's stamp visually all over. Kamal Haasan may not have gotten a glorious comeback as he did in [[Vikram (2022 film)|''Vikram'']] (2022), but the actor tries to save the film as much as possible. But alas, there is only so much an actor can do."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian 2 Review: Kamal Haasan-Shankar sequel has big scale but little emotions |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-sequel-has-mammoth-scale-but-very-little-emotions/051dbe1449520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712145508/https://www.ottplay.com/review/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-sequel-has-mammoth-scale-but-very-little-emotions/051dbe1449520 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "''Indian'' 2 is weak in every aspect. Underneath the mess, there lies ONE interesting idea. But, by then, the film comes to an end – much to the relief of everyone. Performance-wise, Kamal Haasan speaks Hindi, according to the demography, but has been dubbed in Tamil, which is off-putting."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title='Indian 2' Review: Kamal Haasan-Shankar film is an emotionless social commentary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/indian-2-review-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-film-is-an-emotionless-social-commentary-2565778-2024-07-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712145457/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/indian-2-review-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-film-is-an-emotionless-social-commentary-2565778-2024-07-12 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 1/5 stars and wrote "''Indian 2'' is nothing but a three hour time suck, where I was bored out of my wits. The end credits tell us that there's going to be a third part. Help."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 movie review: Outmoded and outdated, Kamal Haasan-starrer is a three-hour time suck |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-starrer-is-waste-of-time-9448941/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712143824/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-starrer-is-waste-of-time-9448941/ |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "''Indian 2'' desperately tries to combine the old and the new, to present to us a story that'll be appealing to the younger audience. Kamal Haasan says he's fighting for India's second Independence in the film. But the audience is left fighting to figure out what's good in this misfire of a film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 movie review: Kamal Haasan's film is visually striking, but filled with political sermons |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-film-visually-striking-but-filled-with-political-sermons-101720774621681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150003/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-film-visually-striking-but-filled-with-political-sermons-101720774621681.html |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "More than #ComeBackIndian, we hope ''Indian 3'' will be a comeback for the veteran filmmaker [Shankar] and the legendary actor [Kamal Haasan]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=12 July 2024 |title='Indian 2' movie review: Kamal Haasan, Shankar's underwhelming sequel relies more on its past legacy and future promise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-shankars-underwhelming-sequel-relies-more-on-its-past-legacy-and-future-promise/article68396577.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025148/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-shankars-underwhelming-sequel-relies-more-on-its-past-legacy-and-future-promise/article68396577.ece |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

Reviewing the dubbed Hindi version, Devash Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "It's Kamal's film all the way and his screen presence and acting chops make you forget the haphazard screenplay. Siddharth too is in fine form as a young man with a conscience who wants to do the right thing but is unsure of his actions afterwards. Rakul Preet Singh plays the supportive girlfriend to a T and perhaps would have a better arc in the sequel."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=12 July 2024 |title=Hindustani 2 Movie Review: Kamal Haasan shines bright, as do the stunts |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/hindustani-2-movie-review-67196.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150004/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/hindustani-2-movie-review-67196.html |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> Titas Chowdhury of ''[[News18]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "''Hindustani 2'' is a great attempt but it loses itself in its own ambitions. Known for taking risks, S Shankar chooses to stay in his comfort zone with this film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Hindustani 2 Review: Kamal Haasan-Siddharth Film Aka 'Indian 2' Lacks Novelty; Shankar Plays It Safe |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-review-hindustani-2-review-kamal-haasan-siddharth-s-shankar-8963079.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150004/https://www.news18.com/movies/indian-2-review-hindustani-2-review-kamal-haasan-siddharth-s-shankar-8963079.html |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote "The aim is to be "pan-Indian". The result is a bloated, brutish film that rejects non-violent solutions to corruption ("elections do not represent change but an exchange). Senapathy's tactics didn't failed the first time round. The success rate is even lower in the sequel."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=12 July 2024 |title='Hindustani 2' review: Kamal Haasan returns in a bloated and redundant follow-up |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1069791/hindustani-2-review-kamal-haasan-returns-in-a-bloated-and-redundant-follow-up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150005/https://scroll.in/reel/1069791/hindustani-2-review-kamal-haasan-returns-in-a-bloated-and-redundant-follow-up |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

Reviewing the dubbed Telugu version, Banda Kalyan of ''[[Samayam]]'' gave 2.5/5 and wrote "Technically ''Indian'' ''2'' is good. Shankar used the technical team well. The visuals, however, feel grander. Shankar's mark appears on the songs. But those songs do not seem to work to listen and watch again. are not visible AR Rahman's music for ''Bharateeyudu'' will remain forever."<ref>{{Cite web |title='భారతీయుడు 2' మూవీ రివ్యూ - Bharateeyudu 2 Review |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/kamal-haasan-bharateeyudu-2-movie-review-and-rating-director-shankar-indian-2/moviereview/111674296.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150014/https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/kamal-haasan-bharateeyudu-2-movie-review-and-rating-director-shankar-indian-2/moviereview/111674296.cms |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

In response to the negative reviews, particularly criticism towards the three hours lengthy runtime, 20 minutes of the runtime was removed on the second day of the film's release and began screening in theatres on the third day, leaving the final runtime as 2 hours and 40 minutes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title=Breaking: Kamal Haasan and Shankar's Indian 2 gets trimmed by 20 minutes on second day of release itself |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/breaking-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-indian-2-gets-trimmed-by-20-minutes-on-second-day-of-release-itself-1327807 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713180027/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/breaking-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-indian-2-gets-trimmed-by-20-minutes-on-second-day-of-release-itself-1327807 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Indian 2'' grossed {{INRConvert|50|c}} on its opening day, which was the highest first day gross for a Tamil film in 2024, with over {{INRConvert|25|c}} from India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 Day 1 Box Office India: Kamal Haasan and Shankar's film takes an ordinary start; Grosses Rs 30 crore |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-day-1-box-office-india-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-film-takes-an-ordinary-start-grosses-rs-30-crore-1327437 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713091401/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-day-1-box-office-india-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-film-takes-an-ordinary-start-grosses-rs-30-crore-1327437 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> The film became the second highest opening day gross for both Haasan and Shankar, behind ''Vikram'' (2022) and [[2.0 (film)|''2.0'']] (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 box office collections: Kamal Haasan, Shankar film underwhelms on Day 1 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-box-office-collections-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-has-an-underwhelming-first-day-in-india-1327605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025654/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-box-office-collections-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-has-an-underwhelming-first-day-in-india-1327605 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> The film faced a 29 percent drop on its second day with its two-day domestic gross at {{INRConvert|42|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 box office collection Day 2: Kamala Haasan's film leaves Akshay Kumar's Sarfira in the dust, earns a total of Rs 42 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamala-haasan-film-indian-2-day-collection-rs-42-crore-9452159/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719165628/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamala-haasan-film-indian-2-day-collection-rs-42-crore-9452159/ |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Even still, the movie was a box office disaster yealding only around ₹150 crores worldwide on a ₹250 crore budget.
=== Accolades ===
{{Expand section|October 2025|date=October 2025}}

== Controversy ==

On 9 July 2024, a case was reportedly filed against the makers seeking a ban on the film. Aasan Rajendran, a [[varma kalai]] practitioner, claimed that he trained Haasan for the first film, and mentioned in his complaint that his techniques were used in the sequel too. He also mentioned that he had not given permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title='Indian 2': Case against Kamal Haasan film seeking ban over use of 'Varma Kalai' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-case-against-kamal-haasan-film-seeking-ban-over-use-of-varma-kalai-2564662-2024-07-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711121654/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/indian-2-case-against-kamal-haasan-film-seeking-ban-over-use-of-varma-kalai-2564662-2024-07-10 |archive-date=11 July 2024 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
Although being a single film during production, in June 2023 Udhayanidhi stated that they had discussed plans for a sequel.<ref name=":5" /> The following month, it was reported that the film would be [[List of films split into multiple parts|split into two-parts]], as the final footage for the film was over six hours long; the latter titled ''Indian 3'', was being [[Back-to-back film production|shot simultaneously]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} In October 2023, ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said around 80% of the footage had been shot for ''Indian 3'', and only 25 days were needed to complete it.<ref name="11sep23" /> On 24 March 2024, Haasan confirmed the third installment in the franchise; he stated that ''Indian 3'' was shot alongside ''Indian 2''.<ref name="guest" /> In May, Haasan said they were aiming to release ''Indian 3'' in January 2025, six months after the release of the predecessor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2024 |title='Indian 3' to be out 6 months after 'Indian 2' release; Kamal Haasan and Shankar reveals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519063756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> At the launch of the trailer of ''Indian 2'', Shankar stated that the split was done because he was impressed with all that was shot and cutting the film to a shorter length would affect its quality.<ref name="strength">{{Cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title=S Shankar reveals why he decided to make 'Indian 2' into two parts: 'Each part has its own strength' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/s-shankar-reveals-why-he-decided-to-make-indian-2-into-two-parts-each-part-has-its-own-strength/articleshow/111267557.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/s-shankar-reveals-why-he-decided-to-make-indian-2-into-two-parts-each-part-has-its-own-strength/articleshow/111267557.cms |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> A glimpse of ''Indian 3'' was shown by the makers as a mid-credit scene in ''Indian 2''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=12 July 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Kamal Haasan-starrer Indian 3's exciting glimpse to appear as mid-credit scene in Indian 2; is 2 minutes and 30 seconds long |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/exclusive-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-3s-exciting-glimpse-appear-mid-credit-scene-indian-2-2-minutes-30-seconds-long/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150523/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/exclusive-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-3s-exciting-glimpse-appear-mid-credit-scene-indian-2-2-minutes-30-seconds-long/ |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> Due to the critical and commercial failure of ''Indian 2'', the fate of ''Indian 3'' became unclear.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 2026 |title=Are 'Indian 3' revival talks underway? Here's what we know about Kamal Haasan and Shankar's unfinished film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/are-indian-3-revival-talks-underway-heres-what-we-know-about-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-unfinished-film/articleshow/129461933.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/oTyaq |archive-date=2026-03-12 |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of films with the longest production time]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{S. Shankar}}
{{Lyca Productions}}

[[Category:2020 controversies]]
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Dribbling with their Future

2026-03-15T23:55:38Z

Aryakin2021: new new article

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language documentary film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Jacob Verghese]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = N. Dinesh Raj Kumar Mathew Verghese
| starring =
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2016||}}
| runtime =
| country =
| language = Kannada English<ref name="Language">{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/national-award-tale-of-football-kids-makes-kottayam-proud.html|title=Tale of football kids makes Kottayam proud|website=[[OnManorama]]|date=29 March 2016|access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref> Hindi<ref name="Language"/>
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Dribbling with their Future''''' is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language documentary film directed by [[Jacob Verghese]].<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/bengaluru-documentary-on-journey-of-underprivileged-footballlers-to-china/article8461495.ece|title=From Austin Town to China|date=11 April 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref> The film had a low-key release and won the [[National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film]].<ref name="H"/><ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-films-win-big-at-the-63rd-national-awards/articleshow/51600027.cms|title=Kannada films win big at the 63rd National Awards|date=24 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana|access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|title=63rd National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=28 March 2016|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407212456/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film additionally featured English voiceovers and Hindi.<ref name="H"/><ref name="Language"/>

==Plot==
Based on a true story, the film follows 14 slum kids from [[Austin Town, Bengaluru]], who are all aged 15 and under and play [[Association football|football]] as opposed to the more popular cricket. They participate as a team at the Great Wall Cup in [[Beijing National Stadium|Beijing]], which has 30 countries participating, and end up finishing as the runner up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/three-awards-for-visaaranai/articleshow/51591898.cms|title=Three Awards for ‘Visaaranai’|website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="H"/><ref name="T"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jacob Verghese}}
[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Beijing]]
[[Category:Films set in Beijing]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]

Arun Sakhardande

2026-03-14T06:38:10Z

Aryakin2021: starting a details initial version

{{No significant coverage|date=January 2026}}
{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1948)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arun Sakhardande
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|9|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sakhali]], Goa, India
| education = [[M.Com]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]], H.D.C., Pandit H.S.S.
| occupation = Poet, academic, writer
| known_for = ''Kavlyachem Sraddha'' (poetry collection)
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2010)
| years_active = 1966–present
}}

'''Arun Sakhardande''' (born 8 September 1948) is an Indian poet and academic from [[Goa]], known for his contributions to [[Konkani literature]]. He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2010 for his poetry anthology ''Kavlyachem Sraddha''.

== Early life and education ==
Sakhardande was born on 8 September 1948 in [[Sakhali]], Goa. He completed a Master of Commerce ([[M.Com]]), a Bachelor of Laws ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]]), and a Higher Diploma in Co-operation (H.D.C.). He also holds a Pandit H.S.S. (Senior) qualification.<ref name="WordPress_About">{{cite web |title=Arun Sakhardande {{!}} Konkani Poet |url=https://arunsakhardande.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=arunsakhardande.wordpress.com}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Literary career ===
Sakhardande began writing poetry and short stories in Konkani in 1966.<ref name="WordPress_About" />

{{As of|2022}}, he was the president of the [[Goa Konkani Akademi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-17 |title=Google adds Konkani language to its translation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/google-adds-konkani-language-to-its-translation/articleshow/91609027.cms |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Sakhardande was part of the [[Konkani language agitation]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/%C5%9Ar%C4%ABmat%C4%AB_Vhiktoriy%C4%81_Phern%C4%81ndi%C5%9Ba_Gau/rRxuAAAAMAAJ |title=Śrīmatī Vhiktoriyā Phernāndiśa, Gauravagrantha |date=1994 |publisher=Smt. Victoria Fernandes Felicitation Committee |page=15}}</ref> In 2015, he was part of a protest by [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] winners against the killings of writers and rationalists across India.<ref name=Akademi>{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=2015-10-14 |title=Sahitya Akademi Writers From Goa Launch Campaign |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2015/Oct/14/sahitya-akademi-writers-from-goa-launch-campaign-829503.html |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Political career ===
In January 2024, Sakhardande joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=Panaji News : अरुण साखरदांडे यांचा भाजपमध्ये प्रवेश |url=https://dainikgomantak.esakal.com/goa/arun-sakhardande-entry-into-bhartiya-janata-party-goa-bjp-ms98 |access-date=2026-01-30 |website=Goa News in Marathi – Dainik Gomantak |language=mr}}</ref>

== Notable works ==
* ''Eka Zadak Ghar Zai'' (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomes |first=Olivinho |author-link=Olivinho Gomes |date=1990 |title=Konkani Scene: A Cheerful Blossoming |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23338967 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=33 |issue=6 (140) |pages=141–148 |issn=0019-5804 |quote=Two collections of poems that make a forceful impact in this group are those of Arun Sakhardande and R. Ramnath, who deserve to be watched with high expectations.}}</ref>{{verification failed|date=February 2026}}
* ''Kavlyachem Sraddha'' (2007) – This collection was the recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].<ref name="SahityaAwards">{{Cite web |title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::.. |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="HinduSahityaAwards10">{{Cite news |date=2010-12-20 |title=Sahitya Akademi awards announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/Sahitya-Akademi-awards-announced/article15600809.ece |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* ''Mog Kinari'' (2008)<ref name="WordPress_About" />{{better source needed|date=February 2026}}

== Awards and honours ==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2010): Awarded for his book ''Kavlyachem Sraddha''.<ref name="SahityaAwards" /><ref name="HinduSahityaAwards10" />
* [[Konkani Bhasha Mandal]] Sahitya Puraskar (2008): For ''Kavlyachem Sraddha''.<ref name="WordPress_Award">{{cite web |date=2015-06-21 |title=Sahitya Akademi Award 2010 – Arun Sakhardande |url=https://arunsakhardande.wordpress.com/2015/06/21/receives-sahitya-akademi-award-2010-for-his-poetry-book-kavlyache-sraddh-from-shri-sunil-gangopadhyay-president-sahitya-akademi-at-kamani-sabhaghar-new-delhi-on-15-02-2011/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=arunsakhardande.wordpress.com}}</ref>
* Janaganga Sahitya Puraskar (2008): For ''Kavlyachem Sraddha''.<ref name="WordPress_About" />
* Bharat Vidya Shiromani Award: Recognized for outstanding achievements in the field of education.<ref name="WordPress_About" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sakhardande, Arun}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Konkani-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Goa]]
[[Category:Academics from Goa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Konkani]]

Emilie Schenkl

2026-03-11T09:31:04Z

Aryakin2021:

{{Short description|Wife or companion of Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Emilie Shenkl - 1937.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Schenkl in 1937
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1910|12|26}}
| birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1996|03|13|1910|12|26}}
| death_place = Vienna, Austria
| other_names =
| known_for =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Subhas Chandra Bose]]|1937|1945|end=d}}{{efn|name=rel}}
| children = [[Anita Bose Pfaff]]
| occupation = [[Stenographer]]
}}
'''Emilie Schenkl''' (26 December 1910 – 13 March 1996) was an Austrian [[stenographer]], [[secretary]] and [[Trunking#Telecommunications|trunk exchange]] [[switchboard operator|operator]]. She was the wife{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=15}} (or companion){{Sfn|Gordon|1990|pp=344–345}}{{efn|name=rel|Gordon comments: "Although we must take Emilie Schenkl at her word (about her secret marriage to Bose in 1937), there are a few nagging doubts about an actual marriage ceremony because there is no document that I have seen and no testimony by any other person. ... Other biographers have written that Bose and Miss Schenkl were married in 1942, while Krishna Bose, implying 1941, leaves the date ambiguous. The strangest and most confusing testimony comes from A. C. N. Nambiar, who was with the couple in Badgastein briefly in 1937, and was with them in Berlin during the war as second-in-command to Bose. In an answer to my question about the marriage, he wrote to me in 1978: 'I cannot state anything definite about the marriage of Bose referred to by you, since I came to know of it only a good while after the end of the last world war ... I can imagine the marriage having been a very informal one ...' ... So what are we left with? ... We know they had a close passionate relationship and that they had a child, Anita, born 29 November 1942, in Vienna. ... And we have Emilie Schenkl's testimony that they were married secretly in 1937. Whatever the precise dates, the most important thing is the relationship."{{sfn|Gordon|1990|pp=344–345}}}} of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], an [[Indian Independence Movement|Indian nationalist]] leader.

Schenkl met Bose in 1934, and the two formed a romantic relationship while she worked for him as a secretary. She later became the mother of their daughter [[Anita Bose Pfaff]] during Bose's stay in [[Nazi Germany]] from 3 April 1941 until 8 February 1943 where Bose sought support from the Nazi leadership for his goals of Indian independence.{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=15}}{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=67}} Following his departure from [[World War II in Europe|wartime Europe]] for Southeast Asia, Schenkl and her baby daughter were left without economic support.{{Sfn|Bose|2005|p=255}}{{efn|"It may be understandable, even admirable, that Bose made the decision to rank the project of national liberation above his family life at that juncture. However, Bose left Schenkl and their newborn child to fend for themselves in war-time Europe with nothing more than a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] letter addressed to his elder brother Sarat, asking him to look after his wife and daughter if he failed to see the end of the journey — a monumental act of irresponsibility as a father if not husband. He had been trying to leave for East Asia since the previous year, and knew of his impending fatherhood much of that time.{{Sfn|Bose|2005|p=255}}}} Bose, who thereafter tried to oppose [[British Raj|British rule in India]] militarily with support from [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]], died in a plane crash soon after the Japanese surrender in August 1945.

In 1948, Schenkl and her daughter were met by Bose's brother [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] and his family in an emotional meeting in Vienna.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=595–596}} In the post-war years, Schenkl worked shifts in the [[Trunking#Telecommunications|trunk exchange]] and was the main breadwinner of her family, which included her daughter and her mother.{{Sfn|Santhanam|2001}}

==Early life==
Emilie Schenkl was born in [[Vienna]] on 26 December 1910 in an [[Roman Catholicism in Austria|Austrian Catholic]] family.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}} The paternal granddaughter of a shoemaker and the daughter of a veterinarian, she started primary school late—towards the end of the [[World War I|Great War]]—on account of her father's reluctance for her to have formal schooling.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}} Her father became unhappy with her progress in secondary school and enrolled her in a [[nunnery]] for four years.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}}

Schenkl decided against becoming a nun and went back to school, finishing when she was 20.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}} The [[Great Depression]] had begun in Europe. Consequently, she was unemployed for a few years.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}}

She was introduced to Bose in June 1934, or sometime thereafter, through a mutual friend, Dr. Mathur, an Indian physician living in Vienna. Bose, nearly 13 years her senior, had arrived there with a contract from a British publisher for writing a book on Indian politics.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|pp=269–270,285|ps=(p. 269) Subhas Bose arrived in Venice on 6 March 1933, and was greeted by a message from the Hindustan Association of Italy, questions from Italian journalists, and his nephew Asoke Bose. After briefly resting in Venice, Subhas Bose and his nephew made their way to Vienaa, which was to become his home base in Europe. He had never been to pre-war Vienna, the capital of the earlier Hapsburg Empire. To Bose, Vienna beckoned as a great medical center, as one of the cultural capitals of the world, and as a great city at the crossroads of Europe, from where he could travel through the continent. ... (p. 285) When Bose returned to Vienna in June 1934, he had secured a contract from the British publisher Lawrence Wishart to write a book on Indian politics with a deadline later in the year, and he looked for a secretary, a trustworthy person who could help him with the preparation of the book. Through an Indian doctor in Vienna, Dr. Mathur, Bose was introduced to Emilie Schenkl, a young Viennese woman. She was born on 26 December 1910, to an Austrian Catholic family.}} As Schenkl could take [[shorthand]] and her English and typing skills were good, she was hired by Bose. The book became ''The Indian Struggle''.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=285}} They soon fell in love and were married on 26 December 1937 in [[Bad Gastein]] during another visit by Bose in a secret [[Hindu wedding|Hindu ceremony]],{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=15}}{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|pp=344–345}} but without a Hindu priest, witnesses, or civil record. Bose went back to India and reappeared in [[Nazi Germany]], living in Berlin during the period April 1941 – February 1943.

==Berlin during the war==
Sometime after Bose had arrived in Berlin, according to historian Romain Hayes, "the [German] Foreign Office procured a luxurious residence for him along with a butler, cook, gardener, and an SS-chauffeured car. Emilie Schenkl moved in openly with him. The Germans, aware of the nature of the relationship, refrained from any involvement."{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=67}} However, most of the staff in the [[Special Bureau for India]], which had been set up to aid Bose, did not get along with Emilie.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=446}} In particular [[Adam von Trott zu Solz|Adam von Trott]], Alexander Werth and Freda Kretschemer, according to historian [[Leonard A. Gordon]], "appear to have disliked her intensely. They believed that she and Bose were not married and that she was using her liaison with Bose to live an especially comfortable life during the hard times of war" and that differences were compounded by issues of class.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=446}}

In November 1942, Schenkl gave birth to their daughter. In February 1943, Bose left Schenkl and their baby daughter and boarded a German submarine to travel, via transfer to a Japanese submarine, to Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia. With Japanese support, he formed a [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] and revamped an army, the [[Indian National Army]], whose goal was to gain India's independence militarily with Japanese help.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=543}} Bose's effort was unsuccessful. He died in a plane crash in Taihoku (now Taipei), Japanese-held Formosa, now Taiwan, on 18 August 1945, while attempting to escape to the Japanese-held town of Dairen (now Dalian) on the Manchurian peninsula.{{Sfn|Gordon|1990|p=543}}

==Later life==
Schenkl and her daughter survived the war with no support or communication from Bose.{{Sfn|Bose|2005|p=255}}{{Sfn|Hayes|2011|p=144}} During their seven years and eight months of marriage, Schenkl and Bose spent less than three years together, putting strains on Schenkl.{{Sfn|Santhanam|2001}} Bose never publicly acknowledged his marriage and privately did so only in a letter to his brother Sarat written in Bengali and given to Emilie before he left Europe, with instructions for it to be posted to him in the event of his death.{{efn|"Bose left Schenkl and their newborn child to fend for themselves in war-time Europe with nothing more than a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] letter addressed to his elder brother Sarat, asking him to look after his wife and daughter if he failed to see the end of the journey.{{Sfn|Bose|2005|p=255}}}}

In the post-war years, Schenkl worked shifts in the [[Trunking#Telecommunications|trunk exchange]] and was the main breadwinner of her family, which included her daughter and her mother.{{Sfn|Santhanam|2001}} Although some family members from Bose's extended family, including his brother [[Sarat Chandra Bose]], welcomed Schenkl and her daughter and met with her in Austria in 1948, Schenkl never visited India. According to her daughter, Schenkl was a very private woman and tight-lipped about her relationship with Bose.{{Sfn|Santhanam|2001}} She died in 1996.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{citation|last=Bose|first=Sarmila|title=Love in the Time of War: Subhas Chandra Bose's Journeys to Nazi Germany (1941) and towards the Soviet Union (1945)|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=40|issue=3|year=2005|pages=249–256|jstor=4416082}}
*{{citation|last=Bose|first=Sugata|author-link=Sugata Bose|title=His Majesty's Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India's Struggle against Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-pfHRAD03AC|access-date=22 September 2013|year=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-04754-9}}
* {{citation|last=Gordon|first=Leonard A.|title=Brothers against the Raj: a biography of Indian nationalists Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8s-AQAAIAAJ|access-date=17 November 2013|year=1990|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-07442-1}}
* {{citation|last=Hayes|first=Romain|title=Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRt9mgEACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-932739-3|access-date=22 September 2013}}
* {{citation|last=Pelinka|first=Anton|title=Democracy Indian Style: Subhas Chandra Bose and the Creation of India's Political Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prfVHxySTf4C|year=2003|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-2154-4|access-date=17 November 2013}}
* {{citation|last=Santhanam|first=Kausalya|title=Wearing the mantle with grace|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/03/01/stories/1301078a.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203061356/http://www.hindu.com/2001/03/01/stories/1301078a.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|date=1 March 2001 |access-date=31 December 2013}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Biography|India|Austria|Hinduism}}
{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schenkl, Emilie}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Indian people of Austrian descent]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Christianity]]

Salman Khurshid

2026-03-11T08:19:12Z

Aryakin2021: general enhance content as per guidelines further and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{multiple issues|
{{COI|date=April 2014}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Salman Khurshid
|image = Salman Khurshid portrait (cropped).jpg
|caption = Khurshid in 2011
|office = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]
|primeminister = [[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start = 28 October 2012
|term_end = 25 May 2014
|deputy = [[Preneet Kaur]] [[E. Ahamed]]
|predecessor = [[S. M. Krishna]]
|successor = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
|office1 = [[Minister of Law and Justice]]
|primeminister1=[[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start1 = 12 July 2011
|term_end1 = 28 October 2012
|predecessor1 = [[Veerappa Moily]]
|successor1 = [[Ashwani Kumar (politician)|Ashwani Kumar]]
|office2 = [[Minister of Minority Affairs]]
|primeminister2=[[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start2 = 28 May 2009
|term_end2 = 28 October 2012
|deputy2 = [[Vincent Pala]]
|predecessor2 = [[A. R. Antulay]]
|successor2 = [[K. Rahman Khan]]
|office3 = [[Minister of Water Resources (India)|Minister of Water Resources]]
|term_start3 = 19 January 2011
|term_end3 = 12 July 2011
|primeminister3 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
|predecessor3 = [[Pawan Kumar Bansal]]
|successor3 = [[Pawan Kumar Bansal]]
|office4=[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|term_start4=16 May 2009
|term_end4=16 May 2014
|predecessor4=[[Chandra Bhushan Singh]]
|successor4=[[Mukesh Rajput]]
|constituency4=[[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]]
|term_start5=20 June 1991
|term_end5=10 May 1996
|predecessor5=Santosh Bhartiya
|successor5=[[Sakshi Maharaj]]
|constituency5=[[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]]

| office6 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start7 = 1999
| term_end7 = 4 December 2000
| successor7 = [[Sriprakash Jaiswal]]
| term_start6 = 7 November 2004
| term_end6 = 12 September 2007
| predecessor6 = [[Jagdambika Pal]]
| successor6 = [[Rita Bahuguna Joshi]]

| office8 = General Secretary of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]]
| president8 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| term_start8 = 2004
| term_end8 = 2005
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|1|1}}
|birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|nationality = [[India]]n
|spouse = Louise Khurshid
| father = [[Khurshed Alam Khan]]
| relatives = [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] (grandfather) [[Shah Jahan Begum (First Lady)|Shah Jahan Begum]] (grandmother)
|alma_mater = [[Delhi University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Oxford University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Bachelor of Civil Law|BCL]])
|profession = [[Senior Advocate]]
}}
'''Salman Khurshid Alam Khan''' (born 1 January 1953) is an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]] under [[Manmohan Singh]]. He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.mea.gov.in/eam.htm| title= External affairs minister| date= 20 January 2013| url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160925202635/http://www.mea.gov.in/eam.htm| archive-date= 25 September 2016| df= dmy-all}}</ref> who was elected from [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in the General Election of 2009 from the [[Farrukhabad]] area. Earlier he was elected to the [[10th Lok Sabha]] (1991–1996) from the [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency. He became the Union Deputy Minister of Commerce in June 1991, and later became the Union [[Minister of State]] for External Affairs (January 1993 – June 1996).<ref name=ku/> He started his political career in 1981 as an Officer on Special Duty in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) under the prime ministership of [[Indira Gandhi]].

==Early life and education==

He is the son of [[Khurshed Alam Khan]], a former Union Minister of External affairs, [[Government of India]], and maternal grandson of [[Zakir Husain]], the third [[President of India]].<ref name="ku" /> He is of [[Pathans in India|Pathan]] ancestry on both his paternal and maternal sides of his family, he traces his lineage to the [[Afridi]] and [[Kheshgi]] Tribes of [[Pashtunistan|Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the best, my fellow Pathan |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2018/08/04/all-the-best-my-fellow-pathan.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830235819/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2018/08/04/all-the-best-my-fellow-pathan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=L. I. |date=2021-04-29 |title=SALMAN KHURSHID ALAM KHAN |url=https://www.lawinsider.in/trending/salman-khurshid-alam-khan |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Law Insider India |language=en-US}}</ref>

He studied in [[St. Xavier's High School, Patna]],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Khurshid-nostalgic-over-Patna/articleshow/10433745.cms | title=Khurshid nostalgic over Patna | date=21 October 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220164925/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-21/patna/30306072_1_salman-khurshid-hindi-patna-university | archive-date=20 December 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Delhi Public School, Mathura Road]].<ref>[http://www.salmankhurshid.com/php/showNews.php?newsid=51&linkid=2 Salman Khurshid – Introduction of a Modern Leader] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629210008/http://www.salmankhurshid.com/php/showNews.php?newsid=51&linkid=2 |date=29 June 2009 }}</ref> He obtained B.A. (English and Jurisprudence) from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] and later did M.A., [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] at [[St Edmund Hall]] of [[Oxford University]].<ref name=ku>[https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3523 Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608030420/https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3523 |date=8 June 2019 }} ''Lok Sabha''.</ref> He also taught as lecturer in law at [[Trinity College, Oxford]].

==Political career==
Salman started his political career as an Officer on Special Duty in the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], during the Prime Ministership of [[Indira Gandhi]] in the early 1980s. Later he became the Deputy Minister of Commerce in the Government of India. In 1991, he won the election to parliament from the [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] Lok Sabha constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and was appointed Minister of State for External Affairs by Prime Minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]]. He lost the election of 1996 and it was not until 2009 that he returned to Parliament.

In the General Election of 2009, he was elected as Member of Parliament from [[Farrukhabad]], winning as a candidate of the Indian National Congress, with 169,351 votes. He became the Union Minister of State (with Independent Charges) of Corporate Affairs and Minority Affairs in the Government of India. He took over as Minister on Friday, 29 May 2009. In the Cabinet reshuffle of 12 July 2011, he was made Cabinet Minister for Law and Justice, and for Minority Affairs, in the Government of India.

He came 4th and lost his deposit in the [[2014 Indian general elections|Lok Sabha elections 2014]] contesting from the same constituency of Farrukhabad. In the next parliamentary election (2019), he stood 3rd in with 55,258 votes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Political offices==
He has been the President of the [[Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee]] twice. He was also the President of the [[Delhi Public School Society]] and Dr. Zakir Hussain Study Circle and PATRON of Mother Teresa Memorial Trust/Mother Teresa Foundation.

In 2009, incumbent president Sirajuddin Qureshi beat Salman Khurshid for the presidency of India Islamic Cultural Centre (IICC).<ref>[http://www.twocircles.net/2009jan19/sirajuddin_qureshi_wins_iicc_election.html Sirajuddin Qureshi wins IICC election] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304205906/http://twocircles.net/2009jan19/sirajuddin_qureshi_wins_iicc_election.html|date=4 March 2012}}</ref> In 2024, he was elected president of IICC.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-08-14 |title=Salman Khurshid elected president of India Islamic Cultural Centre |url=https://theprint.in/india/salman-khurshid-elected-president-of-india-islamic-cultural-centre/2224047/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Political views==
Salman Khurshid appeared for [[Students Islamic Movement of India]], a group banned in India and frequently charged by Indian authorities with terrorist activities, as its defence lawyer, appealing the 2002 ban; in June 2006 the [[Supreme Court of India]] rejected the appeal noting "the appeal against the ban should be first argued before the tribunal established for the purposes". Asked about his appearance, Khurshid said:

<blockquote>I would refuse a client only when I am personally satisfied that taking up the case would go against the ethics of the profession. A lawyer has to appear for an accused. It is my constitutional duty. A party and the government too cannot pre-judge an organisation.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/sunday/story/8569.html Security check] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131239/http://www.indianexpress.com/sunday/story/8569.html |date=29 September 2007 }} The Indian Express – 16 July 2006</ref></blockquote>

[[File:Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Indian External Affairs Minister Khurshid.jpg|thumb|Khursid with [[John Kerry]], [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State, United States]] in 2013, during his term as the External affairs minister]]

In 2009, Salman Khurshid [[opposition to the partition of India|criticized the partition of India]], opining that a united India would have been better than a divided one.<ref name="NDTV2009">{{cite web |title=An undivided India? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/the-big-fight/an-undivided-india-100356 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=en |date=29 August 2009}}</ref>

==Writings==
He is the author of the play ''Sons of Babur'', published by Rupa & Co., which has been staged, with [[Tom Alter]] in the lead role, at the Red Fort in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khurshid |url=https://rolibooks.com/digital-magazine/author/salman-khurshid/#:~:text=Salman%20Khurshid%20is%20an%20Indian,the%20Red%20Fort%20in%20Delhi. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221022153/https://rolibooks.com/digital-magazine/author/salman-khurshid/ |archive-date=2024-02-21 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=Roli |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khurshid |first=Salman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsqTNAAACAAJ |title=Sons of Babur: A Play in Search of India |date=2008 |publisher=[[Rupa Publications]] |isbn=978-81-291-1315-3 |language=en}}</ref>

Khurshid was the editor of "The Contemporary Conservative: Selected Writings of Dhiren Bhagat" <ref>{{cite book |title=The Contemporary Conservative: Selected Writings |isbn=067083789X |df=dmy-all |last1=Bhagat |first1=Dhiren |year=1990 |publisher=Viking }}</ref> published in 1990.

In October 2021, Khurshid published ''Sunrise over Ayodhya: Nationhood in Our Times'', writing about India's decline in secularism surrounding the [[Ayodhya dispute]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunrise over Ayodhya|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/sunrise-over-ayodhya/|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Penguin Random House India|language=en-US}}</ref> BJP leaders shared an excerpt from the book and triggered a controversy regarding Khurshid's attempt to draw a parallel between Hindutva and radical Islamist groups.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Poulomi|date=2021-11-11|title='Version of Hindutva similar to ISIS': Complaints filed against Salman Khurshid over new book on Ayodhya|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/version-of-hindutva-similar-to-isis-complaints-filed-against-salman-khurshid-over-new-book-on-ayodhya-101636617896747.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112083519/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/version-of-hindutva-similar-to-isis-complaints-filed-against-salman-khurshid-over-new-book-on-ayodhya-101636617896747.html|archive-date=2021-11-12|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The controversy resulted in his Nainital home being vandalized and set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=नैनीताल में सलमान खुर्शीद के घर आगजनी-पथराव, अयोध्या पर किताब लिखने के बाद से हो रहा विरोध|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttarakhand/story/nainital-arson-stone-pelting-at-salman-khurshid-house-book-controversy-ntc-1357492-2021-11-15|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Aaj Tak|date=15 November 2021 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-15|title=Congress's Salman Khurshid's Home Set On Fire: "Left A Calling Card..."|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congresss-salman-khurshids-home-set-on-fire-days-after-book-on-ayodhya-2611799|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115215518/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congresss-salman-khurshids-home-set-on-fire-days-after-book-on-ayodhya-2611799|archive-date=2021-11-15|access-date=2021-11-16|website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-11-15|title=Congress leader Salman Khurshid's Nainital home set on fire amid controversy over his new book|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1010630/congress-leader-salman-khurshids-nainital-home-set-on-fire-amid-controversy-over-his-new-book|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115132739/https://scroll.in/latest/1010630/congress-leader-salman-khurshids-nainital-home-set-on-fire-amid-controversy-over-his-new-book|archive-date=2021-11-15|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Scroll|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amid Salman Khurshid Book Controversy, His Nainital Home Was Vandalized|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/amid-salman-khurshid-book-controversy-his-nainital-home-was-vandalized-1877289-2021-11-16|access-date=2021-11-18|website=India Today|date=16 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

A suit filed by [[Hindu Sena]] President Vishu Gupta, wanting to stop the publication, circulation, and sale of the book ''Sunrise over Ayodhya'' was dismissed by a Delhi court on 18 November 2021. The court said that the author and publisher had the right to write and publish the book.<ref>{{Cite magazine|agency=Press Trust of India |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Delhi court refuses to stop publication, circulation, sale of Salman Khurshid's Ayodhya book|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/delhi-court-refuses-stop-publication-circulation-sale-salman-khurshid-book-ayodhya-1877952-2021-11-18|access-date=2021-11-18|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=सलमान खुर्शीद की किताब पर रोक से इनकार, कोर्ट ने हिंदू सेना से कहा- भावनाओं को ठेस पहुंच रहा तो...|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/delhi/story/patiala-house-court-refused-to-ban-on-salman-khurshid-book-on-hindu-sena-plea-ntc-1358943-2021-11-18|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Aaj Tak|date=18 November 2021 |language=hi}}</ref>

==Lok Sabha Election Contested==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2" |Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="7"|[[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
| 157,968
| 30.89
| Santosh Bhartiya
| {{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
| 165,452
| 32.36
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -7,484
| -1.47
|-
! [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 142,842
| 29.54
| Anwar Mohaammad Khan
| {{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
| 104,692
| 21.65
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 38,150
| 7.89
|-
! [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 97,261
| 16.75
| rowspan="2"|Swami Sachidanand Hari
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| 229,906
| 39.6
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -132,645
| -22.85
|-
! [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 180,531
| 25.51
| 224,636
| 31.75
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -44,105
| -6.24
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 169,351
| 27.72
| Naresh Chandra Agrawal
| {{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| 142,152
| 23.26
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 27,199
| 4.46
|-
! [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 95,543
| 9.84
| rowspan="2"|Mukesh Rajput
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| 406,195
| 41.84
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -310,652
| -32
|-
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| 55,258
| 5.51
| 569,880
| 56.82
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -514,622
| -51.31
|}

== Zakir Hussain Memorial Trust and Operation Dhritrashtra==



Khurshid and his wife Louise run the Zakir Hussain Memorial Trust for physically challenged people.<ref name=proof>{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal takes on Salman Khurshid again, presents counter proof|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/arvind-kejriwal-takes-on-salman-khurshid-again-presents-counter-proof/1016998/|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=15 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017235931/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/arvind-kejriwal-takes-on-salman-khurshid-again-presents-counter-proof/1016998 |archive-date=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The trust was founded on 30 October 1986 and commemorates the third President of India, [[Zakir Husain]], who is the maternal grandfather of Salman Khurshid.<ref name=today/> The Zakir Hussain Memorial Trust is registered at Khurshid's residence as an NGO and Louise is its chief functionary officer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/zakir-hussain-memorial-trust-salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid/1/224216.html |title=India News - Latest News, Breaking News and Headlines from India |access-date=2013-05-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223025201/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/zakir-hussain-memorial-trust-salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid/1/224216.html |archive-date=23 December 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disabled people protest against Salman Khurshid|location=RANCHI|access-date=17 October 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-17/ranchi/34524091_1_kantatoli-ngos-disabled-people|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116123833/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-17/ranchi/34524091_1_kantatoli-ngos-disabled-people|url-status=dead|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> It has been operating in many states and receiving substantial grants from several important ministries of the government of India.<ref name=proof/> {{as of|2012}}, it is chaired by Sayeeda Alam, Khurshid's father. In October 2012, ''India Today'' and ''Aaj Tak'' alleged that the Khurshids had embezzled funds, a charge denied by them. The ruling party Congress strongly defended Khurshid, but former social activist [[Arvind Kejriwal]] of [[Aam Aadmi Party]] began what he called "indefinite agitation". Angered by the allegations, Khurshid called Arvind Kejriwal a 'guttersnipe'.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-12/india/34411396_1_salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid-lakh-of-government-funds | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116124022/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-12/india/34411396_1_salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid-lakh-of-government-funds | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-01-16 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Khurshid fumes at 'guttersnipes' Kejriwal & company}}</ref> About 7.1 million was allegedly used by Salman Khurshid which was funded by the government to buy tricycles for the disabled.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-17/ranchi/34524091_1_kantatoli-ngos-disabled-people | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116123833/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-17/ranchi/34524091_1_kantatoli-ngos-disabled-people | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-01-16 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Disabled people protest against Salman Khurshid}}</ref><ref name=photo>{{cite news|last=Reddy|first=B. Muralidhara|title=Khurshid flaunts photos to show camps for disabled were held|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khurshid-flaunts-photos-to-show-camps-for-disabled-were-held/article3996794.ece|access-date=30 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015124549/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khurshid-flaunts-photos-to-show-camps-for-disabled-were-held/article3996794.ece |archive-date=15 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=today>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Deepak|title=First letter from India Today group to Salman Khurshid on September 2, 2012|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/first-letter-from-india-today-group-to-law-minister-salman-khurshid-on-september-8-2012/1/224770.html|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=India Today online|date=14 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015031546/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/first-letter-from-india-today-group-to-law-minister-salman-khurshid-on-september-8-2012/1/224770.html|archive-date=15 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=forge>{{cite news|last=Mathur|first=Swathi|title=34 district officials accuse Khurshids Trust of forgery|url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=1&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIKRKO&mydateHid=14-10-2012&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Kochi&edname=&articleid=Ar00100&publabel=TOI|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204133604/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=1&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIKRKO&mydateHid=14-10-2012&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Kochi&edname=&articleid=Ar00100&publabel=TOI|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2013|access-date=14 October 2012|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=ndtv>{{cite news|last=Pandey|first=Alok|title=Draft CAG report points to irregularities, 'suspected fraud' in Salman Khurshid's trust|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/draft-cag-report-points-to-irregularities-suspected-fraud-in-salman-khurshid-s-trust-279220|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=NDTV news|date=13 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015051947/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/draft-cag-report-points-to-irregularities-suspected-fraud-in-salman-khurshid-s-trust-279220 |archive-date=15 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=protest>{{cite news|last=PTI|title=Khurshid returns to Delhi, vows to fight back legally|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khurshid-returns-to-delhi-vows-to-fight-back-legally/article3996507.ece|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017002901/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khurshid-returns-to-delhi-vows-to-fight-back-legally/article3996507.ece|archive-date=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=arvind>{{cite news|last=IANS|title=Arvind Kejriwal announces indefinite agitation till Salman Khurshid is arrested|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/india/34430545_1_salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid-hussain-memorial-trust|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103132236/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/india/34430545_1_salman-khurshid-louise-khurshid-hussain-memorial-trust|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

"Operation Dhritrashtra"<ref name="OD1">{{cite news |author=Deepak Sharma |title=Operation-dhritrashtra-how-we-did-it |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/operation-dhritrashtra-how-we-did-it/1/224349.html |location=New Delhi |work=India Today Group |access-date=11 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012003344/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/operation-dhritrashtra-how-we-did-it/1/224349.html |archive-date=12 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> was an investigation conducted by TV news channel [[Aaj Tak]] which alleged financial misappropriation by the trust. The investigation conducted by [[Deepak Sharma (presenter)|Deepak Sharma]],<ref name="DS">{{cite news|title=Deepak Sharma|url=http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/live-chat-with-aajtak-anchor-deepak-sharma-1-24268.html|location=New Delhi|work=Aaj Tak News|access-date=14 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601142201/http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/live-chat-with-aajtak-anchor-deepak-sharma-1-24268.html|archive-date=1 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Editor, SIT, [[India Today Group]], revealed that it forged signatures and stamps of senior officials of several districts in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="OD2">{{cite news |title=Operation Dhritrashtra: NGO headed by Union Minister Salman Khurshid's wife comes under scanner for 'forgery' |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ngo-headed-by-salman-khurshids-wife-comes-under-scanner-for-forgery/1/224142.html |location=New Delhi |work=India Today Group |access-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010231932/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ngo-headed-by-salman-khurshids-wife-comes-under-scanner-for-forgery/1/224142.html |archive-date=10 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="prove">{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/operation-dhritrashtra-why-india-today-group-stands-by-its-story/1/226987.html |title=North India Headlines - News Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, UP - India Today |access-date=2013-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518054903/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/operation-dhritrashtra-why-india-today-group-stands-by-its-story/1/226987.html |archive-date=18 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Aaj Tak]] gathered documentary evidence of the alleged forgery and false reporting from at least ten districts in the state. The Uttar Pradesh Economic offence wing<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uppolice.up.nic.in/eow.html |title=Eow |access-date=2013-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502083204/http://uppolice.up.nic.in/eow.html |archive-date=2 May 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> investigated the matter.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |author=Ashish Tripathi|title=Salman Khurshid Trust case|location= TNN|access-date= 16 January 2013|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Salman-Khurshid-Trust-case-HC-seeks-inquiry-report-from-Economic-Offences-Wing/articleshow/18048796.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122458/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/india/36373339_1_pil-zakir-hussain-trust-government-through-principal-secretary|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-01/news/36684457_1_basis-of-primary-investigation-high-court-notice-zakir-hussain-memorial-trust |title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News |access-date=2013-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322200202/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-01/news/36684457_1_basis-of-primary-investigation-high-court-notice-zakir-hussain-memorial-trust |archive-date=22 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/hc-notice-to-salman-khurshid-run-trust_826427.html |title=HC notice to Salman Khurshid-run Trust |date=February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210954/http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/hc-notice-to-salman-khurshid-run-trust_826427.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UP: HC notice to Salman Khurshid-run Trust|author=PTI|location=Lucknow|access-date=2 Feb 2013|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/UP-up-hc-notice-to-salman-khurshid-run-trust-4166509-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322194754/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/UP-up-hc-notice-to-salman-khurshid-run-trust-4166509-NOR.html |archive-date=22 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Louise filed a defamation case against the [[TV Today]] news broadcaster, which had publicised the allegations.<ref name=defamation>{{cite news|title=Govt mulls action against Zakir Hussain Trust|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Lucknow/Govt-mulls-action-against-Zakir-Hussain-Trust/Article1-943972.aspx|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=15 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014085621/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Lucknow/Govt-mulls-action-against-Zakir-Hussain-Trust/Article1-943972.aspx|archive-date=14 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of international trips made by Salman Khurshid as Minister of External Affairs of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3523 Salman Khurshid, webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608030420/https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3523 |date=8 June 2019 }} at ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' website

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Santosh Bhartiya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] |years=1991 – 1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sakshi Maharaj]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Chandra Bhushan Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] |years=2009 – 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mukesh Rajput]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[A. R. Antulay]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs|Union Minister of Minority Affairs]]|years=19 January 2009 – 28 October 2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[K. Rahman Khan]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Veerappa Moily]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Union Minister of Law and Justice]]|years=28 May 2011 – 28 October 2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ashwani Kumar (politician)|Ashwani Kumar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[S. M. Krishna]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]]|years=28 October 2012 – 26 May 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sushma Swaraj]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{External Affairs Ministers of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khurshid, Salman}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ministers for external affairs of India]]
[[Category:Law ministers of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of minority affairs]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Aligarh]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's Patna alumni]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad district]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Presidents of Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Singham Returns

2026-03-08T15:31:08Z

Aryakin2021: expanded page and corrected details per standard format

{{short description|2014 Indian film directed by Rohit Shetty}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Singham Returns
| image = Singham Returns Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Rohit Shetty]]
| producer = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[Ajay Devgn]] [[Rohit Shetty]]
| writer = '''Screenplay:''' Yunus Sajawal '''Dialogues:''' [[Sajid-Farhad]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Ekalavyan (film)|Ekalavyan]]''|[[Shaji Kailas]]}}
| story = '''Adapted Story:''' [[Rohit Shetty]] '''Original Story:''' [[Renji Panicker]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]]}}
| music = '''Score:''' [[Amar Mohile]] '''Songs:''' {{unbulleted list|[[Jeet Gannguli]]|[[Ankit Tiwari]]|[[Meet Bros Anjjan]]|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]}}
| cinematography = Dudley
| editing = Steven H. Bernard
| studio = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]] [[Rohit Shetty Picturez]]
| distributor = Reliance Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|2014|08|15|df=yes}}
| runtime = 142 minutes<ref name="Overview">[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/673370 Singham Returns 2014 Movie News, Wallpapers, Songs & Videos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705032856/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/673370 |date=5 July 2014 }}. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved on 12 August 2015.</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|100}} crore<ref name="BOI Singham finances">{{Cite web |title=Singham Returns - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2289 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052324/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2289 |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=17 June 2018 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|220.5 crore}}<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |title=Singham Returns Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/singham-returns/box-office/ |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=15 August 2014 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Singham Returns''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] co-written and directed by [[Rohit Shetty]] and produced by [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]], [[Reliance Entertainment]] and [[Rohit Shetty|Rohit Shetty Picturez]]. It serves as a sequel to the 2011 film ''[[Singham]]'' and the second installment in Shetty's [[Cop Universe]]. [[Ajay Devgn]] reprises his role as Bajirao Singham, while [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] plays the female lead, replacing [[Kajal Aggarwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2014 |title=Kareena Kapoor transforms into Maharashtrian mulgi |url=http://indianexpress.com/anchisearticle/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-transforms-into-maharashtrian-mulgi/ |access-date=19 January 2014 |publisher=indianexpress.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The film was released theatrically worldwide on 15 August 2014, during [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]]. Upon release, it broke several opening day records. Made on a budget of {{INR}}70 crore, the film performed commercially well at the box office with a global gross of {{INR}}219 crore, and stood up as one of the [[List of Hindi films of 2014|highest-grossing Indian films of 2014]].<ref>[http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/singham_returns Singham Returns] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317214242/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/singham_returns |date=17 March 2015 }}. Boxofficeindia.com (15 August 2014). Retrieved on 21 April 2015.</ref>

Devgn reprised his role as a cameo for ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018) and ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2021), the next films in the Cop Universe. In December 2022, a third film in the series titled ''[[Singham Again]]'' began [[pre-production]], and was released on 1 November 2024, coinciding with [[Diwali]].<ref name="diwali-release">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2024 |title=Rohit Shetty's Singham Again delayed to Diwali; film will unite Ajay Devgn, Akshay Kumar, Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, Kareena Kapoor Khan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rohit-shettys-singham-again-delayed-to-diwali-film-will-unite-ajay-devgn-akshay-kumar-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-kareena-kapoor-khan-9391930/ |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Bajirao Singham, who is now a [[Deputy Commissioner of Police (India)|DCP]], gets transferred to [[Mumbai]] and discovers that one of his team members, Mahesh Jadhav, is found dead inside an ambulance with massive bags of money. Singham decides to unearth the truth behind it and in this process, he collides with a powerful and fraudulent [[religious leader]], Satyaraj "Babaji" Chander, who has high-profile connections with corrupt [[politician]]s, including the ruling party's secretary minister Prakash Rao. During this period, Gurukant "Guruji" Acharya, the veteran leader of the ruling party who has been a teacher to Chief Minister Vikram Adhikari and Singham, is killed by Babaji's henchmen due to Guruji's opposition to Rao's scheme, even though Singham was present at the scene, making him vow vengeance. Because of this, he has to pretend that he has resigned in front of his family. Due to this, his father Manikrao asks him and his childhood friend, Avni Kamat, to come to their home town, [[Shivgarh]].

After some time, Singham and Avni fall in love with each other. However, it is then revealed that Singham hasn't resigned and came to Shivgarh on an undercover mission to find evidence against Babaji. At Wadhavpur, he catches Babaji's henchman named Altaf Khan who distributes the black money in order to bribe the voters. While coming to Mumbai with a convoy, it is attacked by Babaji's henchmen and Altaf is shot and slips into coma. On the other hand, Rao harms all of Guruji's candidates, including Avni, because her in-hiding brother Kishore is one of the candidates. Singham manages to save Avni and during a political event, the female family members of the candidates slap Rao due to this act. Altaf soon recovers and testifies against him. Singham arrests Babaji and Rao, leading to riots. However, some party workers execute an attack outside the court, [[homicide|killing the witnesses]]. This causes Babaji and Rao to go scot-free due to lack of evidence. Realizing the futility of the law, Singham and his team reach their house without wearing their police uniforms, joined in by police from all around Mumbai.

They successfully fight Babaji and Rao's men. Singham's team storm inside Babaji's house, and comically [[police brutality|torture]] Babaji and Rao by firing a live round into both of their buttocks each. The wounded and humiliated Rao and Baba tell the truth, their confessions secretly being filmed and broadcast on live television and radio. A few weeks later, Guruji's party wins the elections. While being transported to jail in a van, Rao and Baba once again threaten and taunt Singham. Suddenly, the van stops and the driver walks away. A water tanker crashes into the van, sending it into a power station, killing both of them. One of Singham's allies, Inspector Dev Phadnis tells the media that there was a brake failure, and the incident is deemed as an accident (a plan that was fabricated by Singham which resembled the way Mahesh was killed).

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Ajay Devgn]] as [[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Bajirao Singham
* [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] as Avni Kamat
* [[Amole Gupte]] as Satyaraj Chander a.k.a. "Babaji"
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Central Minister Gurukant Acharya a.k.a. "Guruji"
* [[Dayanand Shetty]] as [[Senior Inspector]] [[CID (Indian TV series)|Daya]]
* Vineet Sharma as [[Police Inspector|Inspector]] Dev Phadnis
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as [[Maharashtra Council of Ministers|Cabinet Minister]] Prakash Rao
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Vikram Adhikari, [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
* [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] as Menka, Singham's childhood friend
* [[Jitendra Joshi]] as Ashish, Menka's boyfriend
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Kishor Kamat, Avni's brother
* [[Deepraj Rana]] as Rtd. [[Captain (rank)|Cpt.]] Sunil Prabhat
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as [[Mumbai Police]] [[Police Commissioner|Commissioner]] Shiv Rathod
* [[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Journalist Meera Shorey<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2018 |title=Marathi actors rule Singham Returns |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/marathi-actors-rule-singham-returns/photostory/40316187.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626181354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/marathi-actors-rule-singham-returns/photostory/40316187.cms |archive-date=26 June 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=15 August 2014 |title=Movie Review- Singham Returns: AATA MAJHI SATAKLI! |url=https://www.abplive.in/movies/movie-review--singham-returns-aata-majhi-satakli--21776 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726145157/https://www.abplive.in/movies/movie-review--singham-returns-aata-majhi-satakli--21776 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=abplive.in}}</ref>
* [[Govind Namdev]] as Manikrao Singham, Bajirao's father
* Meghna Vaidya as Lata Singham, Bajirao's mother
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Mr. Kamat, Avni & Kishore's father
* [[Shubhangi Latkar]] as Mrs. Kamat, Avni & Kishore's mother
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] as Altaf Khan
* [[Sachin Nayak]] as Bhola Singh
* [[Shriswara]] as Neeta Parmar
* Rakesh Kukreti as Mr. Parmar, Neeta's husband
* Ganesh Yadav as [[Head Constable|Head-Constable]] Mahesh Jadhav
* [[Sarita Joshi]] as Mrs. Jadhav, Mahesh's mother
* [[Smita Tambe]] as Usha Jadhav, Mahesh's wife
* [[Chhaya Kadam]] as Slum Dweller
* Ujjwal Gauraha as News Reporter
* Krishna Kotian as a [[Police Constable]]
* Aashish Warang as a Sub-Inspector
* Umakant Patil as an Assistant Sub-Inspector
* [[Amit Varma (actor)|Amit Verma]] as Mayank Anand
* [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] in a special appearance in the song "''Aata Majhi Satakli''"
{{colend}}

== Production ==
Director [[Rohit Shetty]] announced his thoughts on making a sequel to one of his finest movies ''[[Singham]]'' (2011). After filming ''[[Chennai Express]]'' with [[Shah Rukh Khan]], Shetty reportedly has begun filming for ''Singham 2'' with the lead star [[Ajay Devgn]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2013 |title=Hurry up with Singham 2 |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131015/entertainment-bollywood/article/hurry-singham-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195656/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131015/entertainment-bollywood/article/hurry-singham-2 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Filming was expected to go on floors by December 2013 after Shetty's ''[[Chennai Express (2013 film)|Chennai Express]]'' was released, starting the work of Singham 2's pre-production along with that of his another film which incidentally is a sequel too, ''[[Golmaal Again|Golmaal 4]]''.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

However, Devgn, the lead of the film, canned 20 days of photography for his other film ''[[Action Jackson (2014 film)|Action Jackson]]'', directed by [[Prabhu Deva]] and start another leg of the shoot from 10 November 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajay Devgn, Prabhu Dheva to resume Action Jackson shoot next week | the trailer set to be released on 11th July. Latest Movie Features |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5711 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216140458/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5711 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=7 November 2013 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> After several delays owing to Devgn's shooting of [[Action Jackson (2014 film)|Action Jackson]] concurrently the principal photography for a 15-day schedule of the film started from 15 May 2014 in [[Goa]].<ref name="shoot" /> The shoot was held in few places like streets of Siolim, a village located at a distance of about 25 Kilometres from Panaji.<ref name="shoot" /> The ones which were held in Panaji were mostly indoor ones.<ref name="shoot">{{Cite web |date=5 May 2014 |title=Ajay Devgn's 'Singham 2′ to return to Goa |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ajay-devgn-kareena-kapoors-singham-2-to-be-shot-in-goa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805225335/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ajay-devgn-kareena-kapoors-singham-2-to-be-shot-in-goa/ |archive-date=5 August 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |website=PTI |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Singham Returns
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[Meet Bros Anjjan]], [[Ankit Tiwari]] and [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|08|07}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=20|s=39}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| chronology =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|5uo-HwMSJDQ|Audio Jukebox}}}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[CityLights (2014 film)|CityLights]]
| prev_year = 2014
| title = Singham Returns
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[Alone (2015 Hindi film)|Alone]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]
| prev_year = 2014
| title = Singham Returns
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[Sharafat Gayi Tel Lene]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Ankit Tiwari]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Ek Villain]]
| prev_year = 2014
| title = Singham Returns
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[PK (film)|PK]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]
| prev_year = 2014
| title = Singham Returns
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[The Shaukeens]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{{Singles
| name = Singham Returns
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Kuch Toh Hua Hai
| single1date = 25 July 2014
| single2 = Aata Majhi Satakli
| single2date = 1 August 2014
}}
}}

The soundtrack for the film was composed by [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[Meet Bros Anjjan]], [[Ankit Tiwari]] and [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]. All the composers composed one song each. The soundtrack album contains four songs and one remix. The first single track ''"''Kuch Toh Hua Hai''"'' sung by [[Ankit Tiwari]] and [[Tulsi Kumar]] was released on 25 July 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Singles of Singham Returns |url=http://www.mixrad.io/in/en/products/tulsi-kumar/kuch-toh-hua-hai/70283480/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073419/http://www.mixrad.io/in/en/products/tulsi-kumar/kuch-toh-hua-hai/70283480/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[MixRadio]]}}</ref> Another single ''"''Aata Majhi Satakli''"'' sung and composed by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] was released on 1 August 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Second Single of Singham Returns |url=http://www.mixrad.io/in/en/products/mamta-sharma/aata-majhi-satakli/70403769/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085757/http://www.mixrad.io/in/en/products/mamta-sharma/aata-majhi-satakli/70403769/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[MixRadio]]}}</ref> The soundtrack album was released by T-Series on 7 August 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2014 |title=Singham Returns (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/singham-returns-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1111767625 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627205339/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/singham-returns-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1111767625 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |access-date=27 June 2018 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=20|s=39}}
| title1 = Sun Le Zara
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| music1 = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| lyrics1 = [[Sandeep Nath]]
| length1 = 04:51
| title2 = Singham Returns Theme
| extra2 = Meet Bros Anjjan, [[Mika Singh]]
| music2 = [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
| lyrics2 = [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
| length2 = 04:38
| title3 = Kuch Toh Hua Hai
| extra3 = [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Tulsi Kumar]]
| music3 = Ankit Tiwari
| lyrics3 = Sandeep Nath, Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay
| length3 = 05:07
| title4 = Singham Returns Remix
| note4 = MBA Swag
| extra4 = Meet Bros Anjjan, Mika Singh
| music4 = Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics4 = Shabbir Ahmed
| length4 = 02:49
| title5 = Aata Majhi Satakli
| extra5 = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Mamta Sharma]], Nitu Choudhry
| music5 = Yo Yo Honey Singh
| lyrics5 = Yo Yo Honey Singh
| length5 = 03:14
}}

== Reception ==
Before its release on the eve of [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] on 15 August, a right-wing Hindu organisation, [[Hindu Janajagruti Samiti|HJS]] wrote to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] asking that the film be banned on grounds of the depiction of Hindu saints in a bad light thereby hurting the religious sentiments.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Singham Returns' in controversy |url=http://www.patrika.com/article/singham-returns-in-controversy/48032 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730084142/http://www.patrika.com/article/singham-returns-in-controversy/48032 |archive-date=30 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |work=Patrika Group |issue=28 July 2014}}</ref> Shetty denied the allegation stating that he has never made anything controversial in his career.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2014 |title=Singham Returns controversy: Rohit says there's nothing controversial in the film |url=http://www.patrika.com/news/singham-returns-controversy-rohit-says-theres-nothing-controversial-in-the-film/1021013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216134002/http://www.patrika.com/news/singham-returns-controversy-rohit-says-theres-nothing-controversial-in-the-film/1021013 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=31 July 2014 |work=Patrika Group}}</ref>

''Singham Returns'' received mixed reviews from Indian critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=31|count=13|average=4.5|consensus= |ref=yes |access-date=November 17, 2024}} [[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave it 4 stars and said "The film is a complete mass entertainer with power-packed drama, hi-intensity dialogue and towering performances as its aces. The brand value attached to it coupled with a long weekend will help the film reap a harvest and rule the box office in days to come."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh, Taran |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham Returns |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/673370 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816175345/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/673370 |archive-date=16 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungamam}}</ref> Rohit Khilnani of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 stars and said "Singham Returns is strictly for fans".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohit, Khilnani |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham returns |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/singham-returns-ajay-devgn-kareena-kapoor-khan-rohit-shetty-movie-review-204184-2014-08-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815065123/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/singham-returns-ajay-devgn-kareena-kapoor-khan-rohit-shetty-movie-review/1/377261.html |archive-date=15 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=India today}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] of [[Hindustan Times]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "This is one of Shetty's least cartoonish films. Which doesn't mean he's going for [[Ardh Satya]]-style realism. We’ve still got the signature cars blowing up and some terrific action sequences on the streets of Mumbai. But these sequences have a gritty texture."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=16 August 2014 |title=Movie review: Singham Returns is enjoyable but plot is a retread |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-singham-returns-is-enjoyable-but-plot-is-a-retread/story-isFPYP2rBLrR7kL21WhNLL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201092743/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-singham-returns-is-enjoyable-but-plot-is-a-retread/story-isFPYP2rBLrR7kL21WhNLL.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=1 August 2020 |publisher=Hindustan Times}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Shweta Kaushal of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave two stars and said "Watch Singham Returns for the action, not comedy".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shweta, Kaushal |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham returns |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-watch-singham-returns-for-the-action-not-comedy/article1-1252437.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815180955/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-watch-singham-returns-for-the-action-not-comedy/article1-1252437.aspx |archive-date=15 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=Hindustan times}}</ref> Shubra Gupta of the ''[[Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5 stars and said "The sequel to 'Singham' is chock full of the usual car on jeep action. Explosions go off at regular intervals. Shootouts – one really well shot – occur frequently."<ref>{{Cite web |last=shubra |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham returns |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-singham-returns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815175626/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-singham-returns/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=Indian express}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' gave 2.5 stars and said "The predictable story tires you out eventually".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajeev, Masand |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham returns |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singham-returns-review-the-predictable-story-tires-you-out-eventually/492337-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817191439/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singham-returns-review-the-predictable-story-tires-you-out-eventually/492337-47-84.html |archive-date=17 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> Raja Sen of [[Rediff]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "The problem with Singham (and, for that matter, any of these uninteresting modern day star-vehicles) is that the hero roams about unchallenged, unopposed, unexciting. The hero himself ain't bad – for whatever that's worth. Ajay Devgn wears his scowl like a wrestler would wear a championship belt, proud and unsmiling. He's got a fine, old-school swagger and his ass-kicking looks relatively authentic."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=15 August 2014 |title=Singham Returns to destroy our eardrums |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/singham-returns-to-destroy-our-eardrums/20140815.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803093854/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/singham-returns-to-destroy-our-eardrums/20140815.htm |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=12 August 2020 |publisher=Rediff}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>

== Box office ==
Singham Returns nett. collection over {{INRConvert|321|m}} on the first day of its release in India. Domestic nett of Singham Returns was {{INRConvert|1.41|b}}.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/673370 Singham Returns (2014) | Box Office Earnings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801145803/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/673370 |date=1 August 2015 }}. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved on 12 August 2015.</ref>
The film earned a final worldwide gross collection of {{INR|220.5 crore}}.<ref name="bo" />

== Game ==
An official game based on this film has been released by [[Zapak|Zapak Mobile Games Pvt. Ltd.]], for Android mobile phone users.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singham Returns The Game - Aplicaciones de Android en Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.reliancegames.singhamreturnsthegame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522222450/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.reliancegames.singhamreturnsthegame |archive-date=2015-05-22 |website=play.google.com}}</ref>

==Sequel==
In December 2022, after years of planning, [[Rohit Shetty]] finally began the pre-production of ''Singham Again'', the third film for Singham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajay Devgn's Singham 3 to introduce new character to Rohit Shetty's cop universe |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/ajay-devgns-singham-3-to-introduce-new-character-to-rohit-shettys-cop-universe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110151024/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/ajay-devgns-singham-3-to-introduce-new-character-to-rohit-shettys-cop-universe |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] who will portray a female cop in the film, whereas [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Akshay Kumar]] reprise their respective eponymous roles from ''[[Simmba]]'' and ''[[Sooryavanshi]]''. [[Jackie Shroff]] reprises his antagonist role as Omar Hafeez from ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2021). [[Tiger Shroff]] joined the crew as ACP Satya. [[Arjun Kapoor]] also joined the cast as the main antagonist of the film .<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Rohit Shetty confirms Deepika Padukone will play 'Lady Singham' in Singham Again: 'Lady bomb of our cop universe' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-confirmed-as-lady-singham-in-singham-again-rohit-shetty-cop-universe-8313255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224194201/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-confirmed-as-lady-singham-in-singham-again-rohit-shetty-cop-universe-8313255/ |archive-date=24 December 2022 |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> In April 2023, the release date was announced as 15 August 2024, exactly 10 years after ''Singham Returns''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2023 |title=After Deepika Padukone, Tiger Shroff confirmed to join Singham 3 as ACP Satya: See fiery first look |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/62277/after-deepika-padukone-tiger-shroff-confirmed-to-join-singham-3-as-acp-satya-see-fiery-first-look&ved=2ahUKEwjwg8WIm4OCAxUZF1kFHTj8OsUQ0PADKAB6BAgNEAE&usg=AOvVaw1i5XyOY9qPjvW9Du8Q6sl8/}}</ref> However, the film was later delayed to release on Diwali 2024 instead.<ref name="diwali-release" />

==Chapters==
{{Main|Cop Universe}}

===''Simmba''===
{{Main|Simmba}}
The 2018 film ''Simmba'', a Hindi adaptation of the Telugu film, ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]'', a second chapter of this universe.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Simmba' team gets goofy on the sets – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/simmba-team-gets-goofy-on-the-sets/articleshow/64707897.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926142157/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/simmba-team-gets-goofy-on-the-sets/articleshow/64707897.cms |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=24 June 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''Simmba'' stars [[Ranveer Singh]] in the titular role as Inspector Sangram Bhalerao aka Simmba, a corrupt cop who after the murder of a girl, changes to honesty, and is directed by [[Rohit Shetty]] and produced by Karan Johar's [[Dharma Productions]]. It also stars [[Sara Ali Khan]] and [[Sonu Sood]] in its lead roles while Devgn reprises his role of DCP Bajirao Singham from the previous films.

===''Sooryavanshi''===
{{Main|Sooryavanshi}}
The 2021-film, ''Sooryavanshi'', a third chapter of this universe. This film stars [[Akshay Kumar]] as another DCP named Veer Sooryavanshi who joins hands with Simmba and Singham to stop a terrorist attack on [[Mumbai]]. This film was again directed by Shetty, produced by Johar, Shetty and [[Reliance Entertainment]]. Unlike the three previous films, this film had an original story.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|singham-returns}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/singham_returns}}

{{Wikiquote}}
{{Ajay Devgan}}
{{Rohit Shetty}}
{{Singham}}

[[Category:Films produced by Ajay Devgn]]
[[Category:2014 action films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cop Universe]]
[[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rohit Shetty]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ankit Tiwari]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about mass media in India]]
[[Category:Films about mass media people]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Devgn Films films]]

Sahara (1943 American film)

2026-03-08T00:25:02Z

Aryakin2021:

{{short description|1943 film by Zoltán Korda}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Sahara
| image = Sahara - 1943 - -poster.png
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| producer = [[Harry Joe Brown]]
| director = [[Zoltán Korda]]
| writer = James O'Hanlon (adaptation)
| screenplay = [[John Howard Lawson]] [[Zoltan Korda]]
| story = [[Philip MacDonald]] (as Philip Macdonald)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Thirteen]]'' 1936 Soviet film|[[Mikhail Romm]]}}
| starring = [[Humphrey Bogart]] [[Bruce Bennett]] [[J. Carrol Naish]] [[Lloyd Bridges]]
| music = [[Miklós Rózsa]]
| cinematography = [[Rudolph Maté]]
| editing = [[Charles Nelson (film editor)|Charles Nelson]]
| color_process = [[Black and white]]
| studio = Columbia Pictures
| distributor = [[Columbia Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1943|11|11}}
| runtime = 98 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = $2.3 million<ref name="tom">Schatz 1999, p. 218.</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/variety153-1944-01#page/n51/mode/2up "Top Grossers of the Season", ''Variety'', 5 January 1944, p. 54]</ref>
}}

'''''Sahara''''' is a 1943 American [[action film|action]] [[war film]] directed by [[Zoltán Korda]] and starring [[Humphrey Bogart]] as an American tank commander in Libya who, along with a handful of Allied soldiers, tries to defend an isolated well with a limited supply of water from a Libyan Afrika Korps battalion during the [[Western Desert Campaign]] of [[World War II]].

The story is based on the novel ''[[Patrol (novel)|Patrol]]'' by [[Philip MacDonald]],<ref name="NYTimes">[https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE4DD1538E33BBC4A52DFB7678388659EDE THE SCREEN; ' Sahara,' an Exciting Picture of Desert War, With Humphrey Bogart as a Heroic Sergeant, Is New Feature at the Capitol], [[Bosley Crowther]], November 12, 1943, [[The New York Times]].</ref> and an incident depicted in the 1936 [[Cinema of the Soviet Union|Soviet]] film ''[[The Thirteen]]'' by [[Mikhail Romm]]. The adaptation is by [[John Howard Lawson]], who later was a member of the blacklisted [[Hollywood blacklist|Hollywood Ten]]. ''Sahara'' was remade by [[André de Toth]] as a [[Western film|Western]] called ''[[Last of the Comanches]]'' (1953), and four decades later by [[Brian Trenchard-Smith]] as the American-Australian television film ''[[Sahara (1995 film)|Sahara]]'' (1995).<ref>Miller, John H. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110819154534/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/88884/Sahara/#articles-reviews "Sahara (1943)."] ''Turner Classic Movies (tcm.com)''. Retrieved: December 17, 2014.</ref> ''Nine Men'', released by Ealing Studios on 22 February 1943, has a similar basic plot line.

Critics praised the film for its blend of action, suspense and poignancy. [[J. Carrol Naish]] earned an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Rudolph Maté]] was nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography (Black-and-White)]], and [[John Livadary]] was nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1944">[http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944 "Nominees and Winners: The 16th Academy Awards (1944)."] ''oscars.org''. Retrieved: December 23, 2014.</ref>

==Plot==
In 1942, the crew of ''Lulubelle'', a [[United States Army]] [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/usa/lulubelle-sahara M3 Lee] tank attached to the British [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] and commanded by [[Master Sergeant]] Joe Gunn, become separated from their unit during a general retreat from German forces after the [[Battle of Gazala#Fall of Tobruk|fall of Tobruk]]. Forced to head south across the [[Libyan Desert]], Gunn and his crew, Doyle and "Waco", come across a bombed-out [[field hospital]], where they pick up British Army [[Royal Army Medical Corps|medical officer]] Captain Halliday, four [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] soldiers and [[Free France|Free French]] Corporal Leroux. Halliday, the only officer, cedes command to the more experienced Gunn.

Riding atop the tank, the group comes upon [[Sudan Defence Force]] Sergeant Major Tambul and his Italian prisoner, Giuseppe. Tambul volunteers to lead them to a well at Hassan Barani. Gunn insists that they leave the Italian behind but soon relents and lets Giuseppe join them.

En route, the tank is strafed by [[Luftwaffe]] pilot Captain von Schletow, seriously wounding Clarkson, one of the Commonwealth soldiers. Von Schletow is shot down and captured. Arriving at Hassan Barani, the group finds the well is dry, and Clarkson succumbs to his wounds.

Tambul guides them to another desert well at Bir Acroma, but it provides only a trickle of water. While the group collect as much water as they can, the well runs dry. German scouts arrive in a [[half-track]]. Gunn captures two of them and learns that a German mechanized battalion, desperate for water, is following close behind. Gunn persuades his men to make a stand to delay the Germans while Waco takes the half-track for reinforcements. Gunn releases the German soldiers to carry back an offer to their commander: food for water, giving the false impression there is plenty of water even though by this time the well has gone dry.

When the German battalion arrives, a battle of wills begins between Gunn and the German commander, Major von Falken. Gunn keeps up the pretense that there is abundant water and changes his offer to swap water for guns. Von Falken rejects the terms and mounts several frontal attacks; there are many German casualties but the attacks also takes a toll on the defenders. During one attack, von Schletow stabs Giuseppe when the Italian denounces fascism and refuses to help him escape. Before dying, Giuseppe manages to warn Gunn. Tambul chases von Schletow down and kills him before he can reach the German lines, but is shot dead. After a second parley between Leroux and von Falken ends in another stalemate, von Falken has Leroux shot in the back as the Frenchman returns to his own side. Gunn and his men return fire, killing von Falken.

The Germans begin what appears to be a final assault, but turns into a full-blown surrender. They drop their weapons and claw across the sand towards the well. To Gunn's astonishment, a German artillery shell that exploded near the well has tapped into a source of water, filling the well again. While the surviving Germans drink, Gunn and Bates, the only Allied survivors, disarm them. Later, as they march their prisoners east, Gunn and Bates are met by Allied troops guided by Waco. They receive news of the Allied victory at the [[First Battle of El Alamein]], turning back [[Erwin Rommel]]'s [[Afrika Korps]].

==Cast==
* [[Humphrey Bogart]] as M/Sgt. Joe Gunn
* [[Bruce Bennett]] as Waco Hoyt
* [[J. Carrol Naish]] as Giuseppe
* [[Lloyd Bridges]] as Fred Clarkson
* [[Rex Ingram (actor)|Rex Ingram]] as Sgt. Major Tambul
* [[Richard Aherne]] as Capt. Jason Halliday (as Richard Nugent)
* [[Dan Duryea]] as Jimmy Doyle
* [[Carl Harbord]] as Marty Williams
* [[Patrick O'Moore]] as Osmond "Ozzie" Bates
* Louis Mercier as Jean Leroux, "Frenchie" (as Louis T. Mercier)
* Guy Kingsford as Peter Stegman
* [[Kurt Kreuger]] as Captain von Schletow (as Kurt Krueger)
* [[John Wengraf]] as Major Hans Von Falken

==Production==
The lead role was initially offered to [[Gary Cooper]], [[Glenn Ford]] and [[Brian Donlevy]] before Bogart.<ref name="ReferenceA">Niemi, Robert. "One Hundred Great War Movies." ABC-CLIO. {{ISBN|978-1-4408-3386-1}}</ref> According to [[Hedda Hopper]], Donlevy's wife, Marjorie Lane, was expecting a baby and he did not want to be stuck on location.<ref>Hopper, Hedda. "Looking at Hollywood." ''Chicago Daily Tribune.'' January 19, 1943: 14</ref> ''Variety,'' however, reported that Donlevy was tired of making war films and Bogart was weary of gangster roles, so the actors swapped assignments; Donlevy stepped into [[Once Upon a Time (1944 film)|''My Friend Curley'']] (though he was replaced by [[Cary Grant]]) and Bogart took ''Somewhere in the Sahara'' (the film's working title).<ref>''Variety'' January 20, 1943 : 4.</ref>

Production began on January 29, 1943, and wrapped up on April 17. The cast and crew spent eleven weeks on location in the [[Imperial County, California|Imperial County]], California, portion of [[Anza-Borrego Desert State Park]] near the [[Salton Sea]]. Their base was at the Planter's Hotel in [[Brawley, California]], about {{convert|50|mi|abbr=on}} east of the location.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> One hundred enlisted men and equipment of the United States [[4th Armored Division (United States)|4th Armored Division]]'s 84th Reconnaissance Battalion (Armored), then training at the [[Desert Training Center]], were used as [[extra (acting)|extras]].<ref name="Koyen">Koyen, Kenneth. [http://www.evesmag.com/bogart.htm "War in the Sahara, Bogart Style."] ''Eve's Magazine'', 2001. Retrieved: December 17, 2014.</ref> The film's dedication is to the "[[XX Corps (United States)|IV Armored Corps]] of the [[Army Ground Forces]]", the training organization to which the 4th Armored Division was attached in early 1943.<ref name="Koyen"/> The soldiers were billeted in tents at the location.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

''Lulubelle'' was a 28-ton (25.4 t) [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/usa/lulubelle-sahara M3 (Medium) Lee] tank with 30 and 50 caliber machine guns, a 37mm cannon in the turret and a 75 millimeter cannon in the right sponson. Because no German equipment was available, American equipment was substituted and dressed with German markings. The aircraft that attacks the tank was an early [[Allison V-1710|Allison]]-powered [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51 Mustang]]. The German [[Sd.Kfz. 251|Sdkf-251]] half-track and [[MG-34]] machine guns were an American [[M2 half-track car|M2]] with a M49 ring mounted with a [[Vickers machine gun|Vickers medium machine gun]].

In 1992, [[Kurt Kreuger]] was quoted by the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' on the emotions inherent in making the film, in which he portrayed a stereotypical [[Nazi]]:
<blockquote>
I was running across the dunes when Tambul jumped on top of me and pressed my head into the sand to suffocate me. Only Zoltán forgot to yell cut, and Ingram was so emotionally caught up in the scene that he kept pressing my face harder and harder.

Finally, I went unconscious. Nobody knew this. Even the crew was transfixed, watching this dramatic 'killing.' If Zoltán hadn't finally said cut, as an afterthought, it would have been all over for me.<ref>Bernstein, Adam. [http://www.nysun.com/article/36500?page_no=2 "Kurt Kreuger, 89, actor portrayed Nazis (obituary)."] ''[[The Washington Post]]'', July 21, 2006. Retrieved: December 23, 2014.</ref>
</blockquote>

The production was beset by the usual difficulties on a desert location: sunburn, sandstorms, and heat. Korda had 2,000 tons of sand hauled onto the set to cover an area of hard-packed soil. Ripples and swirls in the sand were enhanced by spray-painting the sand and then blowing it with a wind machine. Similarly, shadows were spray-painted on the hills to make them stand out.<ref name="ReferenceB">"Location Diary." ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' June 20, 1943: C3.</ref> Makeup artist Henry Pringle devised a technique to imitate facial perspiration by coating the actors' faces with vaseline and then spraying them with water.<ref>''Look.'' November 16, 1943.</ref> Bogart's third wife, [[Mayo Methot]], the only woman on location, reportedly brought him lunch every day from Brawley. Some of the cast went to nearby [[Mexicali]] for dinners.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> No women appear in the film.<ref name="ReferenceC">''Daily Boston Globe.'' November 5, 1943: 31.</ref>

==Historical background==
Bogart's character makes reference to events that occurred in May–June 1942. The British had received many American [[M3 Lee|M3 tanks]] (the tank seen in the film), and a small group of American advisors and crews trained them in the use of the equipment.

The British were routed at the [[Battle of Gazala]], an important battle of the [[Western Desert Campaign]], fought around the port of [[Tobruk]]. As shown in ''Sahara'', many of their tanks were damaged and had to be abandoned due to the 8th Army's retreat. Field Marshal Rommel pursued them into Egypt. The British were finally able to check Rommel's advance at the [[First Battle of El Alamein]]. The two Allied survivors learn of this victory at the end of the film.<ref>Barr 2005, p. 39.</ref>

==Reception==
Reviews of ''Sahara'' generally were positive, with ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' noting, "Script [adapted by James O'Hanlon from a story by Philip MacDonald] is packed with pithy dialog, lusty action and suspense, and logically and well-devised situations avoiding ultra-theatrics throughout. It's an all-male cast, but absence of romance is not missed in the rapid-fire unfolding of vivid melodrama."<ref>[https://variety.com/1942/film/reviews/sahara-1200414045/ "Review: Sahara".] ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', December 31, 1942.</ref>

Critic Nelson B. Bell, in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', called it "one of the best-balanced of the starker war pictures ... that by turns is tortured, compassionate, thrilling and always of engrossing interest."<ref>"'Sahara', at the Earle, Is Grim But Gripping Drama." ''The Washington Post.'' October 23, 1943; p.6</ref>

''[[The Boston Globe]]'' called the film "brilliantly acted ... 'Sahara' doesn't spare the punches–they hit you in the face emotionally and it is literally impossible to sit unmoved through this vivid story. There isn't a smidgen of love interest in the picture and not a woman in the cast. This is war. There are deaths and tragedies—but there's a final ironic triumph, too. Sergt. Gunn holds the power of life or death over an Italian prisoner, and when J. Carroll Naish pleads for his life, the scene is one of the most poignant of the year's film moments."<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

[[Bosley Crowther]] in his review for ''[[The New York Times]]'' concentrated on the star-power of Bogart. "Those rugged, indomitable qualities which Humphrey Bogart has so masterfully displayed in most of his recent pictures—and even before, in his better gangster roles—have been doubled and concentrated in 'Sahara,' a Columbia film about warfare in the Libyan desert, which came to the Capitol yesterday. And a capital picture it is, too—as rugged as Mr. Bogart all the way and in a class with that memorable picture which it plainly resembles, ''[[The Lost Patrol (1934 film)|The Lost Patrol]]''."<ref>Crowther, Bosley. [https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE4DD1538E33BBC4A52DFB7678388659EDE "Sahara (1943); The screen: ' Sahara,' an exciting picture of desert war, with Humphrey Bogart as a heroic sergeant, is new feature at the Capitol."] ''The New York Times'', November 12, 1943.</ref>

''[[New York Herald Tribune]]'' critic [[Otis Guernsey Jr.]] praised Bogart's understated style, calling it "exactly what is needed in war melodramas, which have too often been overstated to the point of ridicule. It has been used to best advantage in this instance. It is good to see a portrayal of an American soldier who looks on the war with a certain amount of distaste, but who faces both death and good fortune with persistent courage and realistic calm." Korda's direction was also called "excellent ... The action and pictorial footage is more important than the dialogue ..."<ref>Guernsey, Otis L, Jr. ''New York Herald Tribune'' November 12, 1943: 14.</ref>

[[John Livadary]] was nominated for the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] for [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]], [[Rudolph Maté]] for [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography (Black-and-White)]], and [[J. Carrol Naish]] for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]].<ref name="Oscars1944"/>

==Remake==
[[Sahara (1995 film)]] In 1995 a made for TV remake was released with Jim Belushi in the role Sgt. Joe Gunn.

==See also==
* [[List of American films of 1943]]

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Barr, Niell. ''Pendulum of War: The Three Battles of El Alamein''. Woodstock, New York: Overlook Press, 2005. {{ISBN|978-1-58567-738-2}}.
* Evans, Alun. ''Brassey's Guide to War Films''. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000. {{ISBN|1-57488-263-5}}.
* Schatz, Thomas. ''Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s''. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 1999. {{ISBN|978-0-52022-130-7}}.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sahara (1943 American film)}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{TCMDb title}}
* {{AFI film}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{Mojo title}}
* [http://www.evesmag.com/bogart.htm "War in the Sahara, Bogart-style", from ''Eve's Magazine'']

{{Zoltan Korda}}

[[Category:1943 films]]
[[Category:1943 war films]]
[[Category:1940s war drama films]]
[[Category:American war films]]
[[Category:American war drama films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films about armoured warfare]]
[[Category:Films directed by Zoltán Korda]]
[[Category:Films set in Libya]]
[[Category:Films set in the Sahara]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films about the North African campaign]]
[[Category:World War II films made in wartime]]
[[Category:Films scored by Miklós Rózsa]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Sidney Buchman]]
[[Category:Films based on Patrol (novel)]]
[[Category:Siege films]]
[[Category:1943 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language war drama films]]
[[Category:English-language war films]]

Avatara Purusha (2022 film)

2026-03-03T12:09:41Z

Aryakin2021: starting first entry v1

{{Short description|2022 Indian film by Suni}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Avatara Purusha
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Suni (director)|Suni]]
| writer = Suni Sheelam M Swamy Kiran Arjun
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]]
| starring = [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] [[Ashika Ranganath]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[William David]]
| editing = Manu Shedgar
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| studio = Pushkar Films
| distributor = Pushkar Films Mohan Films
| released = {{Film date|2022|05|06|df=y|ref1=<ref name=":0" />}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Avatara Purusha''''' (or '''''Avatara Purusha: Part 1''''') is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language [[supernatural fiction|supernatural]] [[comedy thriller film]] written and directed by [[Suni (director)|Suni]]. The film is produced by [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]] under his studio Pushkar Films.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Avatar Purusha's first single brings in IPL flavour |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/mar/31/avatar-purushas-first-single-brings-in-ipl-flavour-2283660.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=7 November 2021 |date=31 March 2021 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107153450/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/mar/31/avatar-purushas-first-single-brings-in-ipl-flavour-2283660.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] and [[Ashika Ranganath]] in the lead roles. [[P. Sai Kumar]], [[Bhavya]], Balaji Manohar and [[Srinagar Kitty]] feature in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Part-1 of 'Avatara Purusha' to release in theatres on May 28th |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/part-1-of-avatara-purusha-to-release-in-theatres-on-may-28th/articleshow/80732810.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 November 2021 |language=en |date=7 February 2021 |archive-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208025505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/part-1-of-avatara-purusha-to-release-in-theatres-on-may-28th/articleshow/80732810.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Avatara Purusha' shoot successfully wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/avatara-purusha-shoot-successfully-wrapped-up/articleshow/86406280.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 November 2021 |language=en |date=21 September 2021 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008084905/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/avatara-purusha-shoot-successfully-wrapped-up/articleshow/86406280.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Arjun Janya]] composed the music while [[William David]] served as the cinematographer. The film was theatrically released on 6 May 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Avatara Purusha gets new release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/mar/14/avatara-purusha-gets-new-release-date-2429741.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=The New Indian Express|date=14 March 2022 }}</ref>

The film was conceived as the first of a two-instalment series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sharan's Avatar Purusha to be out in two parts |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/nov/03/sharans-avatar-purusha-to-be-out-in-two-parts-21105.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=7 November 2021 |language=en |date=3 November 2020 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711210752/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/nov/03/sharans-avatar-purusha-to-be-out-in-two-parts-21105.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with the sequel being titled as ''[[Avatara Purusha 2]]''.

==Plot==
Rama Jois is an [[MD (Ayurveda)|Ayurveda expert]], where he and his wife Susheela, lose their only son Karna, when he goes missing while on a trip to a temple festival with his aunt Yashoda. The guilt of having lost her nephew has been eating away at Yashoda, so when she finally opens up to her daughter Siri about the circumstances that brought about a split between her and her brother, the latter decides that she will mend the [[Sibling relationship|brother-sister relationship]] by bringing Karna back. Her plan is to get someone to pretend to not only be Karna, but also convincingly accept Ram Jois and Susheela. Anila is a cinema [[junior artist]] who gets rejected to act in films due to his [[overacting|OTT]] acting skills. Siri finds Anila is suitable for the task and makes a deal with Anila to pretend as Karna and needs to make them convinced that their son is back, but Rama Jois isn't convinced and suspects Anila. Anila also finds about the Jois family's long battle to protect the powerful [[Trishanku]] stone from getting into the hands of Dharka and Hinnudi. Kumara's entry into the Jois family and their connection with Trishanku bead and the [[black magic]] world forms the curious plot of the film.

== Cast ==
* [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] as Anila (Karna)
* [[Ashika Ranganath]] as Siri, Yashodha's daughter
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Rama Jois
* [[Bhavya]] as Susheela, Rama Jois's wife
* Balaji Manohar as Hinnudi, Darka's aide
* [[Sudha Rani]] as Yashodha, Rama Jois's sister
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Darka
* [[Srinagar Kitty]] as Kumara
* [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]] as Brahma Jois, Rama Jois's father
* Vijay Chendoor as Bhoja
* B Suresh as Kanti Jois
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Gampa
* Manthana as Janaki, Bhoja's wife
* Patre Nagaraj as Ramshetty

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Director [[Suni (director)|Suni]] stated that he was "intrigued by the subject of [[black magic]]". He said he "took inspiration from a bunch of novels" including ''[[Tulasi Dalam]]''. He used black magic as the theme and wrote a story to be adapted into a [[web series]], but eventually decided against it as he was unsure as to how "[[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] would work with Kannada audiences".<ref name="dh2020">{{cite web |last1=Yerasala |first1=Ikyatha |title=Sandalwood must value its writers: Simple Suni |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sandalwood-must-value-its-writers-simple-suni-806803.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=21 February 2020}}</ref> The film was titled after a 1988 [[Avatara Purusha (1989 film)|film of the same]] starring [[Ambareesh]], "because the makers felt the title was apt for the story". Producer [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]] added that the film takes a leaf from the [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Suni stated that lead actor [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] would play a "junior artiste" in the film and "will be one among the crowd. He has many roles to play, and will be seen in many get ups. The different shades of him also relates to his own life. The title Avatar Purusha blends with the story." He said that "[e]xtensive research has gone into the film. ''Avatar Purusha'' will see an element of [[Trishanku]] and the slogan [[Ashwatthama|Aswathama Hatha Kunjaraha]]..., which adds a valuable point in our film".<ref name="toi1">{{cite web |title=Sharan's connection with 'Avatar' in 'Avatar Purusha' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/feb/05/sharans-connection-with-avatar-in-avatar-purusha-1934805.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=21 November 2021 |date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121030700/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/feb/05/sharans-connection-with-avatar-in-avatar-purusha-1934805.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suni added that the film explored the practice of [[black magic]] in [[Karnataka]]. To study more about it, he travelled to [[Kerala]], [[Kollegal]] and [[Rajasthan]] "where they practice black magic. We got to experience the vibrations and more." He stated that the Hindu mythological King Trishanku's desire to remain [[Immortality|immortal]] and sage [[Vishwamitra]]'s creation of a ''[[loka]]'' for him, before the former backed out after learning that he has to hang upside down there, served as the base for the film because, "when Trishnanku's world became empty, there were people who wanted to find that world." Special [[Set (film and TV scenery)|set]]s to depict the ''loka'' and an animated story that shows narrating Trishnanku's tale were created.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Avatara Purusha dabbles in black magic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/avatara-purusha-dabbles-in-black-magic/articleshow/87779011.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=20 November 2021 |language=en |date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Sharan and [[Ashika Ranganath]], who worked together previously in ''[[Raambo 2]]'' (2018), were cast as the leading pair.<ref name="toi2">{{cite news |title=Sharan and Ashika Ranganath's Avatara Purusha takes off |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharan-and-ashika-ranganaths-avatara-purusha-takes-off/articleshow/68033665.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=17 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Ashika stated that she would play "a bold girl" in the film,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashika Ranganath and Sharan to team up again for 'Avatara Purusha' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ashika-ranganath-and-sharan-to-team-up-again-for-avatara-purusha/articleshow/67941438.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=11 February 2019}}</ref> a [[non-resident Indian]] named Siri.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashika Ranganath plays an NRI in Sharan-starrer Avatar Purusha |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/aug/06/ashika-ranganath-plays-an-nri-in-sharan-starrer-avatar-purusha-13455.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=6 August 2019}}</ref> [[Srinagar Kitty]] was cast to play a practitioner of black magic from [[Odisha]] named Kumara, one of the [[avatar]]s of Sharan's character.<ref>{{cite web |last1=P. S. |first1=Tanvi |title=Srinagar Kitty to play a black magician in Avatara Purusha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/srinagar-kitty-to-play-a-black-magician-in-avatara-purusha/articleshow/70114804.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Srinagar Kitty to appear in a cameo in Sharan's Avatar Purusha |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/08/srinagar-kitty-to-appear-in-a-cameo-in-sharans-avatar-purusha-12814.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=8 July 2019}}</ref> It was reported that [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] would score music for the film, while [[William David]] would serve as the cinematographer. Suni further added that filming was to begin on 11 February 2019, and that a major part would be shot in [[Chikmagalur]], Karnataka.<ref name="toi1"/> That [[Ashutosh Rana]] would be a part of the film, his return to acting in Kannada films after 13 years, was revealed in January 2021. Suni added that Rana that he would be a part of the second instalment of the two-part series.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lokesh |first1=Vinay |title=Ashutosh Rana returns to Sandalwood as villain in Sharan's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ashutosh-rana-returns-to-sandalwood-as-villain-in-sharans-next/articleshow/80346555.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The supporting cast on the film included Balaji Manohar (to play a character named Hinnudi), [[P. Sai Kumar]], [[Sudha Rani]], [[Bhavya]] and [[Sadhu Kokila]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part-1 of 'Avatara Purusha' to release in theatres on May 28th - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/part-1-of-avatara-purusha-to-release-in-theatres-on-may-28th/articleshow/80732810.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=7 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming began on 17 February 2019.<ref name="toi2"/> In November that year, it was reported that [[Arjun Janya]] was signed in to score for the film. It was Suni's first collaboration with Janya. He stated that since he was making a "{{sic|humo|urous|expecting=humorous}} film that also deals with black magic", it gave the makers "a lot of scope to work with the music theme, as well as the background scores and re-recording." He added, "Each character has a different music theme and we are experimenting with different genres for the same. There's everything from [[jazz]] to [[death metal]]."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Suni gets Arjun Janya onboard for his film Avatara Purusha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/suni-gets-arjun-janya-onboard-for-his-film-avatara-purusha/articleshow/71836711.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=1 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The News Minute]]'' reported in April 2020 that a major portion of filming was completed "with just a song and fight sequences to be canned".<ref>{{cite web |title=Director Suni reveals he's working on two scripts simultaneously |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-suni-reveals-he-s-working-two-scripts-simultaneously-123523 |website=The News Minute |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=en |date=28 April 2020}}</ref> [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|Lockdown]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] meant filming was stalled for a while. It was resumed in September 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharan and Ashika Ranganath to resume shoot for Avatar Purusha from September 14 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharan-and-ashika-ranganath-to-resume-shoot-for-avatar-purusha-from-september-14/articleshow/77889052.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=2 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> It completed on 21 September.<ref>{{cite news |title='Avatara Purusha' shoot successfully wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/avatara-purusha-shoot-successfully-wrapped-up/articleshow/86406280.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=21 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Release and marketing ==
The first teaser of the film was released in February 2020.<ref name="dh2020"/> To mark Sharan's 49th birthday, another teaser was released on 6 February 2021 and it was announced that film would be released theatrically on 28 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part-1 of 'Avatara Purusha' to release in theatres on May 28th |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/part-1-of-avatara-purusha-to-release-in-theatres-on-may-28th/articleshow/80732810.cms |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=7 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> After remaining portions of filming was completed in September 2021 following the lockdown, the makers announced that the film would be released on 10 December that year but was postponed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharan-Suni's Avatara Purusha release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/04/sharan-sunisavatara-purusha-release-date-announced-27648.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104111653/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/04/sharan-sunisavatara-purusha-release-date-announced-27648.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was theatrically released on 6 May 2022.<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Avatara Purusha
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 6 May 2022<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/avatara-purusha/21H2ipbbmd8_|title= Avatara Purusha – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2021
| venue =
| studio = Pushkar Films
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:16
| language = Kannada
| producer = [[Arjun Janya]]
| label =
| prev_title = [[Ek Love Ya]]
| prev_year = 2022
| year = 2022
| next_title = [[Gaalipata 2]]
| next_year = 2023
}}

The music of film was composed by [[Arjun Janya]] while lyrics written by [[Kumaar]] and [[Priya Saraiya]].

{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Title Song
| extra1 = Vyas Raj
| lyrics1 = Kiran Kotta, Arjun AR
| length1 = 4:03
| title2 = Laddoo song
| extra2 = Nihal Tauro
| lyrics2 = [[Suni (director)|Suni]]
| length2 = 3:31
| title3 = Hero Honda
| extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Shamitha Malnad]]
| lyrics3 = Shivu Bhergi
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = Vasudaiva Kutumbakam
| extra4 = Keertan Holla
| lyrics4 = Suni
| length4 = 5:07
| title5 = Mantra Song
| extra5 = Aniruddha Shastry
| lyrics5 = Akash
| length5 = 2:22
| total_length = 19:16
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt11651768}}

{{Suni (director)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Avatara Purusha Part 1(2022 film)}}
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:2022 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suni]]

Dhandoraa

2026-03-03T09:10:22Z

Aryakin2021: new new stub

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Muralikanth Devasoth}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhandoraa
| image = Dhandoraa.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Muralikanth Devasoth
| story =
| producer = Ravindra Benerjee Muppaneni
| writer = Muralikanth Devasoth
| screenplay =
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
* [[Bindu Madhavi]]
* [[Navdeep]]
* [[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]]
* [[Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1989)|Ravi Krishna]]
* Manika Chikkala
* Mounika Reddy
}}
| music = Mark K Robin
| cinematography = Venkat R. Shakamuri
| editing = Srujana Adusumilli
| studio = Loukya Entertainments
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|12|25}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Dhandoraa''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Historical drama|periodical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Muralikanth Devasoth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2025-12-02 |title=Breaking barriers: Muralikanth D chases his cinematic dream with Dhandoraa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2025/Dec/02/teluguinterviews2025dec01breaking-barriers-muralikanth-d-chases-his-cinematic-dream-with-dhandoraa |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film has an ensemble cast of [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]], [[Bindu Madhavi]], [[Navdeep]], [[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]], [[Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1989)|Ravi Krishna]], Manika Chikkala and Mounika Reddy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2025-12-26 |title=Navdeep: There shouldn't be any language barrier in cinema |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2025/Dec/26/teluguinterviews2025dec26navdeep-there-shouldnt-be-any-language-barrier-in-cinema |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Shot extensively in [[Telangana]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-14 |title=Bindu Madhavi to shatter stereotypes with strong and layered character in Dhandora |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/bindu-madhavi-to-shatter-stereotypes-with-strong-and-layered-character-in-dhandora-1872831 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-04-07 |title=‘Dhandoraa’ rolls into second schedule in Medak |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/dhandoraa-rolls-into-second-schedule-in-medak-960701 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> it was released on 25 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-17 |title=Dhandoraa teaser: Rigid customs and rituals lie at the heart of this rural social satire |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/17/dhandoraa-teaser-rigid-customs-and-rituals-lie-at-the-heart-of-this-rural-social-satire |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=January 2026}}

== Cast ==
{{cast list|
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] as Sivaji
* [[Bindu Madhavi]] as Sreelatha
* [[Navdeep]] as the Village Sarpanch Seetharam
* [[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]] as Vishnu
* [[Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1989)|Ravi Krishna]] as Ravi
* Manika Chikkala as Sujatha
* Mounika Reddy as Vanitha "Vinny", Vishnu's wife
* Raadhya as Sujatha, Sreelatha's daughter
* [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Babai
* Kamal as Ranga
* Edward Stevenson Pereji as Lawyer
* Rajasekhar Aningi as Subba Reddy
* Aditi Bhavaraju as Shwetha
* Bhaskar Manyam as Prathap Reddy
* Meesam Suresh as Sundar
* Sattanna as Aashayya
* Jabardasth Apparao as Customer
* Gaddam Naveen as Owner
* Kommidi Vishwender Reddy as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Ramana Chowdary
* Devi Prasad as Rajaram, Vishnu's father
}}

== Music ==
The background score and songs were composed by Mark K Robin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-30 |title=‘Pilla’ from Dhandoraa is a jubilant composition about a blossoming small-town romance |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/30/pilla-from-dhandoraa-is-a-jubilant-composition-about-a-blossoming-small-town-romance |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Pilla
| extra1 = Aditi Bhavaraju, [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length1 = 3:04
| lyrics1 = Purnachary Challury
| title2 = Dhandoraa Title Song
| extra2 = [[Anthony Daasan]], Mark K Robin
| length2 = 3:48
| lyrics2 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| title3 = Parichayam Avakunda
| extra3 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]], Harini Ivaturi
| title4 = Vibe Of Seetharam
| length4 = 1:32
| length3 = 3:38
| lyrics3 = [[Sri Mani]]
}}

==Release and reception==
''Dhandoraa'' was released on 25 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Dhandoraa’ Movie Review: Telugu Social Drama Finds Its Footing Over Time |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/dhandoraa-review-this-sivaji-and-bindu-madhavi-telugu-social-drama-finds-its-footing-over-time |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref> Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]] and was released on 14 January 2026 coinciding with [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranthi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-14 |title=‘Dhandoraa’ OTT release: Find out when and where to watch the social satire drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/dhandoraa-ott-release-find-out-when-and-where-to-watch-the-social-satire-drama/articleshow/126517919.cms |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-13 |title=Dhandoraa on OTT: When and where to watch the Sivaji-Bindhu Madhavi-headlined social satire |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2026/Jan/13/dhandoraa-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-the-sivaji-bindhu-madhavi-headlined-social-satire |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

Praising the lead cast performances and screenplay, Srivathsan Nadadhur of [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] gave a positive review.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=2025-12-25 |title=‘Dhandoraa’ movie review: Sivaji’s anti-caste drama is salvaged by a sharp post-intermission shift |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhandoraa-movie-review-sivajis-anti-caste-drama-is-salvaged-by-a-sharp-post-intermission-shift/article70436547.ece |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Shreya Varanasi of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] rated it 3 out of 5 and called writing as one of the film's strengths.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhandoraa Movie Review: An emotionally charged drama rooted in caste reality |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/dhandoraa/movie-review/126204603.cms |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Echoing the same, Suresh Kavirayani of [[Cinema Express|''Cinema Express'']] too gave the same rating and further praised the music and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2025-12-25 |title=Dhandoraa Movie Review: A thought-provoking film backed by strong writing |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Dec/25/dhandoraa-movie-review-a-thought-provoking-film-backed-by-strong-writing |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> [[The Hans India|''The Hans India'']] stated, "''Dhandoraa'' stands as an honest, impactful film that resonates through its performances, intent, and socially conscious storytelling".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-12-25 |title=Dhandoraa: A sincere rural drama |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/dhandoraa-a-sincere-rural-drama-1033654 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> T Maruthi Acharya of ''[[India Today]]'' praised the character design, writing, film score and the performances of the lead cast.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=T. Maruthi |date=2026-01-21 |title=Why a small film like Dhandoraa matters to Telugu cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/why-a-small-film-like-dhandoraa-matters-to-telugu-cinema-2855536-2026-01-21 |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|34984715|Dhandoraa}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films set in 2004]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:2020s historical drama films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]

Magizhchi

2026-03-03T02:57:58Z

Aryakin2021: enhance content for clarity

{{short description|2010 film by V. Gowthaman}}
{{No plot|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Magizhchi.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[V. Gowthaman]]
| producer = D. Manivannan
| screenplay = V. Gowthaman
| based_on = {{based on|''Thalaimuraigal''|[[Neela Padmanabhan]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|V. Gowthaman|[[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]]|[[Karthika Mathew|KarthikaRaj]]}}
| cinematography = [[Chezhiyan]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| editing =
| studio = Athirvu Thiraipattarai
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|11|19}}
| runtime =
| language = Tamil
| country = India
}}
'''''Magizhchi''''' ({{translation|Happiness}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[V. Gowthaman]]. It stars Gowthaman in the lead role with [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Karthika Mathew|Karthika]], director Seeman and [[Prakash Raj]] playing important roles.<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web |date=2009-10-30 |title=Seeman happy about 'Magizhchi' |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/51242.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102082228/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/51242.html |archive-date=2 November 2009 |access-date=2012-11-08 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> The film, based on [[Neela Padmanabhan]]'s novel ''Thalaimuraigal'',<ref name="indiaglitz.com" /> was released on 19 November 2010.

== Plot ==
A doting brother gets his sister married into a nice family. A few months later, her husband sends her away. Disheartened, she comes to her brother who decides to restore peace in her married life.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[V. Gowthaman]] as Thiravi
* [[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]] as Kuzhali
* [[Karthika Mathew|Karthika]] as Nagammai, Thiravi's sister
* [[Seeman]] as Kutralam
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Moses
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Sevatha Perumal
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Rasappan
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Thiravi's granduncle
* [[Sukumari]] as Thiravi's grandmother
* [[Anumol]] as Sasi
* Raju as Thiravi's father
* Pasanga Sivakumar as Kuzhali's father
* Azhagan Thamizhmani as Villager
* [[Manoj Kumar (Tamil director)|Manoj Kumar]] as Villager
* [[Veera Santhanam]] as Kannupillai, Sevatha Perumal's father
* [[Nellai Siva]] as Villager
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as Shop owner
* [[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]] as Rasappan's brother-in-law
* [[T. K. Kala]] as Kuttiammai, Thiravi's mother
* Supraja as Visalam, Thiravi's sister
* Premalatha as Rasappan's sister
* Madurai Saroja as Sevatha Perumal's mother
* [[Rangammal Paati]] as Thiravi's grandaunt
* Risha Jacob as Dancer in "Pulippa Puliyanga"
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film was launched at AVM Studios on 28 October 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2009 |title='Magizhchi' Movie Launch |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/19891.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031111643/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/19891.html |archive-date=31 October 2009 |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=Indiaglitz}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Magizchi |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/magizchi/Wo--7YOdV3o_ |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[JioSaavn]] |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808122844/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/magizchi/Wo--7YOdV3o_ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' wrote "Vidyasagar strictly adheres to the theme and tone of this rural story. But he also weaves in his creativity here and there. High on ‘native touch’, this album surprisingly dips a little where melody is concerned".<ref>{{cite web |title=Magizhchi Music Review |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/magizhchi-music-review.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802140815/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/magizhchi-music-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Theakku Maramaattam" || [[Manickka Vinayakam]], [[Velmurugan]], Karisal Karunanithi || Vaiyyampatti Muthuswamy
|-
| "Otthhu Thanni Aathoda" || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Chandrayee || [[Vairamuthu]]
|-
| "Selai Kattiya Sevanthi" || Karthik, Roshini, [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]] || Vairamuthu
|-
| "Kanne Kaniyurangu" || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Binny Krishnakumar]] || Patchaiappan
|-
| "Utchukotta Itchu Vachhu" || Gopal Rao, [[Rajalakshmi]] ||[[Arivumathi]]
|-
| "Koorapattu Selaikkari" || Karthik || Patchaiappan
|}

==Release and reception==
The film was released on 19 November 2010 alongside ''Nagaram Marupakkam'' and ''Mandhira Punnagai''.<ref name="Friday Fiesta 191110">{{cite web |date=November 18, 2010 |title=Friday Fiesta 191110 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/61670.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119163226/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/61670.html |archive-date=19 November 2010 |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 November 2010 |title=The TROIKA - Thursday Trivia |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-10-03/thursday-trivia-18-11-10.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802140814/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-10-03/thursday-trivia-18-11-10.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Hindu'' wrote "Even a slight slip could have made Magizhchi (U) an extension of a weepy Tamil soap. But V. Gowthaman's direction keeps the narration on track in this family drama set in 1989. Neela. Padmanabhan's ‘Thalaimuraigal' has been transformed into a fairly neat film".<ref>{{cite news |date=21 November 2010 |title=Bonding, bucolic style |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/11/21/stories/2010112150020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110172222/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/11/21/stories/2010112150020200.htm |archive-date=10 November 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 August 2024 }}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' wrote "Magizhchi is a well made film about family relationships and social issues. However, it has its innate limitations in terms of being an entertainer. To the team’s credit, the movie has never aspired to be an entertainer that is out of the scope, the story permits. If you are the sentimental type whose idea of a village based film is not just ‘sickles and sevals’, then Magizhchi will make you happy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magizhchi Movie Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/magizhchi-movie-review.html |website=Behindwoods |access-date=17 March 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221756/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/magizhchi-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''New Indian Express'' wrote "Appreciable is its ending, which is warm and positive. But this film could have been made in a way more appealing to the audience".<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2010 |title=Magizhchi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/Nov/24/magizhchi-205322.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802140814/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/Nov/24/magizhchi-205322.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=4321938}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Uma Tuli

2026-02-27T22:05:32Z

Aryakin2021: refined lead further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian social worker and educationist}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Uma Tuli
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|3 March 1943}}
| birth_place = New Delhi, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Social worker
| yearsactive = since 1981
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|amarjyotirehab.org|Official web site of Amar Jyoti Charitable Trust}}
| awards = {{ubl|[[Padma Shri]] |Nehru Smriti Award and President's Gold Medal |Hong Kong Foundation Award |[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UN-ESCAP]] Award |Jhunjhunwala Award |Manv Seva Award |Helen Keller Award |Women Achiever's Award |Lakshmipat Singhania – IIM National Leadership Award}}
}}
'''Uma Tuli''' is an Indian social worker, educationist and the founder of Amar Jyoti Charitable Trust,<ref name="Amar Jyoti">{{cite web | url=http://www.amarjyotirehab.org/ | title=Amar Jyoti | publisher=Amar Jyoti Charitable Trust |year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> a Delhi-based non-governmental organisation, working for the rehabilitation of physically disabled people.<ref name="Elets">{{cite web | url=http://wes.eletsonline.com/2012/2012/07/20/dr-uma-tuli-founder-amar-jyoti-school/ | title=Elets | publisher=Elets |year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="AJCT Bio">{{cite web | url=http://www.amarjyotirehab.org/about-us/professional-biography-of-dr-uma-tuli.html | title=AJCT Bio | publisher=AJCT | year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=19 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019165959/http://www.amarjyotirehab.org/about-us/professional-biography-of-dr-uma-tuli.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Documentary">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLYVeneadW4 | title=Atul Vidyalaya Documentary of Dr Uma Tuli |via=YouTube | work=Video | date=25 September 2013 | access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://www.unesco-ci.org/ict-pwd/uma-tuli | title=UNESCO | publisher=UNESCO |year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> She was honoured by the [[Government of India]], in 2012, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | year=2014 | access-date=11 November 2014 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Background and education==
Uma Tuli was born on 3 March 1943 in [[New Delhi]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Khatri]] family of the Tuli clan.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> She secured a master's degree from [[Jiwaji University]], Gwalior and followed it with another master's degree in Special Education (MEd) from the [[University of Manchester]].<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> Later, she obtained a doctoral degree from the [[University of Delhi]] in English Literature.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She has had a career teaching at various colleges in Delhi and Gwalior for over thirty years.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" />

== Foundation ==
Tuli founded Amar Jyoti Charitable Trust,<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="UNESCO" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /><ref name="UN Special">{{cite web | url=http://www.unspecial.org/UNS617/UNS_617_T04.html | title=UN Special | publisher=UN Special |year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> with the savings she accumulated from her salary as a teacher, in 1981.<ref name="Interview 1">{{cite web | url=http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-1 | title=Interview 1 | publisher=Gyan Yathra | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215022649/http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-1 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The institution over the years has grown in stature to become a single window provider of [[inclusive education]], healthcare, vocational training, employment, sports and cultural facilities for physically disabled people.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="UNESCO" /> The institution has networked with [[Delhi University]]<ref name="Elets" /> for courses in Physiotherapy, with [[Roehampton University]]<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="UNESCO" /> for teachers' training in special education and also with [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal University]] (MAHE), [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] and [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]].<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> It also has a branch in Gwalior.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="UN Special" />

== Career ==
=== Achievements and initiatives ===
Tuli is the first non-bureaucrat to be appointed as the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disability,<ref name="Interview 2">{{cite web | url=http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-2 | title=Interview 2 | publisher=Gyan Yatra | date=21 May 2012 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215023212/http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-2 | url-status=dead }}</ref> a position she held from 2001 until 2005.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit">{{cite web | url=http://www.globalskillsummit.com/speaker_profiles/uma.pdf | title=Global Skill Summit | publisher=Global Skill Summit | year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=14 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214113750/http://www.globalskillsummit.com/speaker_profiles/uma.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> During her tenure, she initiated efforts to set up mobile courts, hassle-free distribution of disability certificates for concessional travel in bus and train, and ridding public places of barriers so that persons with disability have easy access.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> She led the Home Guards contingent in the 1978 [[Republic Day Parade]], the first lady commander to do so.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> Her efforts are reported behind the participation of Amar Jyoti students at the 1995 Republic Day Parade, reported to be a first for physically disabled children.<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She is also reported to have contributed to the conduct of five National Integrated Sports Meets, where children with disabilities competed with normal children.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="UN Special" /> She was the leader of the Indian contingent of the Indian contingent for the 5th Abilympics held at Prague, Czech Republic, in 2000<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> and led the team that organised the 6th Abilympics held in New Delhi in 2003<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> under the aegis of Amar Jyoti.<ref name="Interview 1" /> Tuli has also published many articles and books such as ''The Spirit Triumphs'' and ''Better Care of Children with Locomotor Disability''<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /><ref name="SETU">{{cite web | url=http://www.setufairtrade.com/setu-society/about/ | title=SETU | publisher=SETU |year=2014 | access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> and has presented papers at several national and international seminars and conferences.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="UNESCO" />

=== Positions ===
Tuli is the Managing Secretary of Amar Jyoti Charitable Trust since its inception in 1981.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="AJCT Secretary">{{cite web | url=http://www.amarjyotirehab.org/about-us/board-of-trustees.html | title=AJCT Secretary | publisher=AJCT | year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=19 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019170406/http://www.amarjyotirehab.org/about-us/board-of-trustees.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> She served as the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities for [[Government of India]] for a period of five years from 2001,<ref name="Interview 1" /> has held the chair of the Education Commission of the [[Rehabilitation International]], USA<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> and is its National Secretary<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She has been a member of the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] and has served the advisory board of ''Voice and Vision'', a Mumbai-based resource and training centre for children with multiple disabilities.<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She is the Secretary General of the National Abilympic Association of India<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> and is an executive member of the International Abilympic Federation.<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She is also the patron of ''Society for Empowerment and Trade Upliftment of Artisans'' (SETU), a non-governmental organisation working for the development of the weaker sections of the society.<ref name="SETU" />

== Awards and recognition ==
Roehampton University, London has conferred the degree of Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) on Uma Tuli for her services to [[inclusive education]].<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /> Amar Jyoti, under Tuli's leadership, received two national awards, one as the best institution in 1991 and the other, for creating barrier-free premises.<ref name="Elets" /><ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> She has received the Nehru Smriti Award and President's Gold Medal (1981), Hong Kong Foundation award (1987), [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UN-ESCAP]] award (1998) Jhunjhunwala award (1998), Manv Seva award (1998) and Helen Keller award (1999).<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /><ref name="SETU" />

A recipient of the Women Achiever's award from the ''Consortium of Women Achievers'', Tuli has also been honoured by the Berkeley city, Michigan, USA with a special recognition citation.<ref name="Global Skill Summit" /><ref name="SETU" /> She received the Lakshmipat Singhania – [[IIM Lucknow|IIM]] National Leadership Award in 2010<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" /><ref name="Global Skill Summit" /> and, two years later, she was included by the [[Government of India]] in the Republic Day honours list for the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="AJCT Bio" /><ref name="Documentary" />

In August 2018 Power Brands awarded Dr. Uma Tuli the Bharatiya Manavata Vikas Puraskar for being a pioneer of inclusive education, a social activist and rights leader who has been fighting for disability rights over the last four decades and for her relentless hard work and lifelong commitment to her mission of an India which places its citizens with disability on the same platform as a non-disabled citizen.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.centralchronicle.com/daily-india-media-recognizes-13-indian-stalwarts-with-bharatiya-manavata-vikas-puraskar-2018.html |title=Daily India media recognizes 13 Indian stalwarts with Bharatiya Manavata Vikas Puraskar 2018 {{!}} Central Chronicle |website=www.centralchronicle.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905203811/http://www.centralchronicle.com/daily-india-media-recognizes-13-indian-stalwarts-with-bharatiya-manavata-vikas-puraskar-2018.html |archive-date=2018-09-05}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Inclusion (education)]]
* [[Rehabilitation International]]

{{portal|India}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | url=http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-1 | title=Interview Part 1 | publisher=Gyan Yathra | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215022649/http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-1 | url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web | url=http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-2 | title=Interview Part 2 | publisher=Gyan Yatra | date=21 May 2012 | access-date=8 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215023212/http://gyaanyatra.affp.org.uk/news/story/interview-dr-uma-tuli-amar-jyoti-charitable-trust-india-part-2 | url-status=dead }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV4F4sUV7xE | title=Civil Investiture Ceremony – Padma Shri |via=YouTube | work=Video | date=4 April 2012 | access-date=1 December 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLYVeneadW4 | title=Atul Vidyalaya Documentory of Dr Uma Tuli |via=YouTube | work=Video | date=25 September 2013 | access-date=8 December 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://jyoti.seeyourimpact.org/2009/07/23/amar-jyoti-school-for-children-with-disabilities/ | title=Amar Jyoti Photo Gallery | publisher=Jyoti |year=2014 | access-date=8 December 2014}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuli, Uma}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Jiwaji University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Social workers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]

Bhoramdev Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T17:06:10Z

Aryakin2021: starting some info and citations

{{Short description|Wildlife Sanctuary in India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Bhoramdev Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| iucn_ref =
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India Chhattisgarh#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| coordinates = {{coord|22|6|36|N|81|8|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| established = 2001<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (2021)|work=Ministry of Tourism, Government of India|access-date=1 Jul 2025}}</ref>
| area_km2 = 352<ref name="auto"/>
| elevation =
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| nearest_city = [[Kawardha]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/261568.pdf|title=Draft ESZ notification: Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary|work=Gazette of India|access-date=1 Jul 2025}}</ref>
| governing_body = Chhattisgarh Forest Department<ref name="auto1"/>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhoramdev Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a protected area and [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in [[Kabirdham district]] in the Indian State of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref name="auto"/> It is named after the [[Bhoramdeo Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoramdev Wildlife Sanctuary |url=https://bhoramdevwildlifesanctuary.com/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Description ==
The sanctuary covers an area of approximately {{cvt|352|km2}} and was officially notified in 2001.<ref name="auto"/>
It lies in the Maikal range of the [[Satpura Range|Satpura hills]] and falls within the Kanha–Achanakmar tiger corridor.<ref name="auto1"/>

== Flora and fauna ==
The sanctuary consists chiefly of tropical moist and dry deciduous forests, with key tree species such as Saaj (''[[Terminalia elliptica|Terminalia tomentosa]]''), Sal (''[[Shorea robusta]]''), Tendu (''[[Diospyros melanoxylon]]''), and [[Eucalyptus|Eucalyptus.]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/chhattisgarh-bhoramdev-sanctuary-nears-tiger-reserve-status-boost-for-conservation-tourism|title=Bhoramdev Sanctuary nears Tiger Reserve status|work=Free Press Journal|date=1 Feb 2025|access-date=1 Jul 2025}}</ref>
Fauna includes [[Bengal tiger]], [[leopard]], [[sloth bear]], [[Sambar deer|sambar]], [[gaur]], [[wild boar]], and [[monitor lizard]].<ref name="auto2"/>
Over 100 bird species have been recorded; notable ones include [[Indian peafowl]] and [[Malabar pied hornbill]].<ref name="auto1"/>

== Conservation efforts ==
A draft notification in early 2025 established a 10 km Eco-Sensitive Zone around the sanctuary, with defined coordinates and zonal regulations.<ref name="auto1"/>
In February 2025, NTCA and the Union Ministry supported steps to declare it as a tiger reserve, aiming to reinforce its role in landscape-level conservation.<ref name="auto2"/>

=== Legal and procedural developments ===
In August 2023, the Chhattisgarh High Court dismissed a PIL for immediate tiger reserve designation, noting that NTCA’s recommendation was not binding without completing required statutory processes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-hc-dismisses-plea-seeking-tiger-reserve-status-for-bhoramdeo-wildlife-sanctuary/articleshow/103213994.cms|title=Chhattisgarh HC dismisses plea seeking tiger reserve status|work=The Times of India|date=30 Aug 2023|access-date=1 Jul 2025}}</ref>
Earlier in 2019, NTCA’s 2014 and 2018 recommendations were overlooked by the state government despite evidence of tiger movement; this drew criticism from conservationists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/May/09/chhattisgarh-fails-to-notify-bhoramdev-as-a-tiger-reserve-1974379.html|title=Chhattisgarh 'ignores' requests to notify Bhoramdev as a tiger reserve|work=The New Indian Express|date=9 May 2019|access-date=1 Jul 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/261568.pdf Draft ESZ notification for Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary – Gazette of India]
* [https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/chhattisgarh-bhoramdev-sanctuary-nears-tiger-reserve-status-boost-for-conservation-tourism Bhoramdev Sanctuary nears Tiger Reserve status – Free Press Journal]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-hc-dismisses-plea-seeking-tiger-reserve-status-for-bhoramdeo-wildlife-sanctuary/articleshow/103213994.cms Chhattisgarh HC dismisses plea seeking tiger reserve status – The Times of India]
* [https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/May/09/chhattisgarh-fails-to-notify-bhoramdev-as-a-tiger-reserve-1974379.html Chhattisgarh ‘ignores’ requests to notify Bhoramdev as tiger reserve – The New Indian Express]

{{Protected Areas of India}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Kabirdham district]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2001]]

Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary

2026-02-22T03:05:19Z

Aryakin2021: starting a info w/ refs

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary
| iucn_category = 
| map = 
| map_caption = 
| location = Bankapura Fort, [[Haveri District]], [[Karnataka]], India
| coordinates = 
| area = 139 acres (0.56 km²)
| established = 9 June 2006
| designated = Peacock sanctuary
| governing_body = 
| website = 
| image = Peacock sanctuary in Bankapur.JPG
| image_caption = Peacock sanctuary inside the Bankapura Fort
}}
[[File:Indian Peafowl.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Indian Peacock]]

'''Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary''' is a wildlife sanctuary inside the [[Bankapura]] Fort in [[Haveri District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/266437/bankapurs-peacocks-call-help.html |title=Bankapur's peacocks call for help |publisher= |accessdate=2013-05-04 }}</ref>
==Habitat==
Fodder grown exclusively for [[Khillari cattle|Khilari bulls]] in the area has become an ideal peafowl habitat. The moat is about 36 km long, 10–15 metres wide and 7–8 metres deep. The banks of the moat are covered with [[Acacia]], [[Neem]] and [[Ficus]] plants. Crops like [[maize]] and [[jowar]] grown regularly for cattle are delicacies of the [[peafowl]]. The navilu pakshidhama in Bankapur is only the second sanctuary in the country that is exclusively engaged in the conservation and breeding of peacocks.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep112007/spectrum2007091024575.asp
|title = Peacock Paradise
|accessdate = 2008-08-12
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120406015844/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep112007/spectrum2007091024575.asp
|archive-date = 2012-04-06
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
==History and location==
Understanding the great presence of peacocks in the region, the Government of India declared Bankapura as a peacock sanctuary on June 9, 2006. This sanctuary is situated on 139 acres of land which has the remains of the historic Bankapura Fort. The high mound and deep trenches of the land have provided a perfect home for these birds. The sanctuary is located on the cattle breeding farm which was set up in 1919 after the First World War. The farm is located in {{convert|90|acre|m2}}, out of the total {{convert|139|acre|km2}} of the sanctuary.
==Number of peacocks==
According to a rough estimate, there are more than 1,000 peacocks and peahen in the sanctuary. Also, minimal human intervention has helped in the breeding of these birds. They walk on the 4 km mound and also perch on green trees. The officials of the Department of Veterinary Sciences have shown great interest in the conservation of these birds, making it easy for the Forest Department to carry on with their job.
==Other birds in the Sanctuary==
Bankpura Fort is home for not only for peafowl, but also a number of other birds like [[Indian eagle-owl|eagle-owl]], [[Common babbler|babbler]], [[magpie]], robin, [[Asian green bee-eater]], [[nightjar]], spotted [[myna]], [[paradise flycatcher]], [[Indian robin]], [[spotted dove]], [[parakeets]], [[kingfisher]], [[Indian grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], [[Blue-tailed bee-eater|blue tailed bee eater]], [[Black-winged kite|black winged kite]], [[tailor bird]] etc.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bird_Sanctuaries}}

{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}

{{coord|14.920|75.262|display=title}}

[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Haveri district]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2006]]

Pakhavaj

2026-02-20T02:28:50Z

Aryakin2021: fixed intro additionally

{{Italic title}}
{{Short description|Two-headed drum}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name = ''Pakhavaj''
| names =
| image = File:Pakhavaj Mrudang Rathaava Community Gujrat.jpg
| image_capt =
| background = percussion
| hornbostel_sachs =
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =
| range =
| related = [[Mridangam]], [[khol]], [[tabla]], [[kendang]], [[jori (instrument)]]
| musicians =
| articles = [[Hindustani music]]
}}

The '''''pakhavaj''''' is a barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]],<ref name="Blades1992">{{cite book|author=James Blades|title=Percussion Instruments and Their History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8V3Z6j2ExEC&pg=PA138|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1992|publisher=Bold Strumme|isbn=978-0-933224-61-2|pages=138–}}</ref> [[kendang]] of [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] and other South Asian double-headed drums. Its older forms were made with clay.

It is the percussion instrument most commonly used in the [[dhrupad]] style of [[Indian classical music]] and less often used as a rhythm accompaniment for various other sub-forms of music and dance performances (e.g. [[kathak]], [[odissi]], marathi). It has a low, mellow tone that is quite rich in harmonics. The sides of the pakhawaj are made with animal skin (often goat skin). The pakhavaj players place the instrument horizontally in front of themselves as they sit on the floor with legs crossed. The players may sometimes place a cushion under the narrower treble face to lift it slightly. A right-handed person places the larger bass-skin on the left side and the treble skin on the right. The bass face tends to be smeared with some fresh wheat dough which acts as the ''kiran'' and gives a vivid bass sound to the pakhavaj.

The tuning of Pakhavaj is similar to that of the [[tabla]] – with the wooden wedges placed under the tautening straps. Due to the varied thickness of the skin that covers the treble face, the treble face can produce at least two tones that are a [[semitone]] apart. For example, if hitting the centre (the [[bol (music)|bol]] दिन ''din'') is tuned to produce the note C then hitting closer to the edge (with the [[bol (music)|bol]] ता for example) could produce the note C#. The fine tuning can be done with the woven outer ring (गजरा – ''gajra'') which is an extension of the skin that the face is made of. It is only on the bass skin where a freshly made batter (or dough) of (wheat) flour and water is applied to provide enhance the low-pitched sound.<ref name="(N.A.)" group="">{{cite web|last1=Pakhavaj|first1=Tuning|title=Tuning Pakhavaj|url=http://www.indian-instruments.com/drums_and_percussion/pakhawaj.htm|website=indian-instruments.com|publisher=(N.A.)|access-date=10 November 2017|archive-date=2 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302114818/http://www.indian-instruments.com/drums_and_percussion/pakhawaj.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> While the options to use a polymer-based substitute are available but are not commonly used.

==Etymology==
The word पखावज – ''{{IAST|pakhāvaja}}'' or ''{{IAST|pakhavāja}}'' is of [[Prakrit]] origin, whose equivalent in [[Sanskrit]] is पक्षवाद्य {{IAST|pakṣavādya}} – where it is formed with the words पक्ष {{IAST|pakṣa}} ("a side"), and वाद्य ''{{IAST|vādya}}'' ("a musical instrument"). Telugu pakkavāyidyam (పక్క వాయిద్యం), Tamil pakkavadyam and Kannada pakkavādya (ಪಕ್ಕವಾದ್ಯ) are cognates. It is said that during the 14th century, the great mridangists experimented with the materials used in mridang construction and finally started using wood for the main body as opposed to the original clay. Thus, a new name ''pakhavaj'' emerged, whilst the older name, mridang was still used.<ref name="Turner1975">{{cite book|author=Ralph Lilley Turner|author-link=Ralph Lilley Turner|title=Collected papers, 1912–1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TshAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780197135822}}</ref>

==Technique==
{{One source|section|date=November 2025}}
As with the [[tabla]], the pakhavaj rhythms (or ''[[Tala (music)|tala]]'') are taught by a series of [[mnemonic]] syllables known as ''bol''. The playing technique varies from that of tabla in many aspects. Most remarkably, the artist hits the bass face – which would be the left side of pakhavaj for a right-handed person – with the whole palm instead of with the finger tips as is done with a tabla. The treble face – which would be the right side of the pakhavaj for a right-handed person – is played with varied configurations of the fingers to produce different bols according to a given rhythm, whereas the traditional mode is to use the whole hand in order to produce the pure and perfect sound, called 'chanti'.

In traditional pakhavaj styles a student would learn a number of different strokes which produce a specific sound. These are remembered and practised with corresponding syllables i.e. mnemonics. This memorisation is often referred to as पढ़न्त (paḍhanta) in Hindi. While the pakhavaj mnemonics share some similarity with the tabla mnemonics, the interpretation of the same mnemonics may be different in pakhavaj and also vary according to the respective [[gharana]] – e.g. the Nana Panse gharana and the Nathdwara gharana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pacciolla, Paolo|title=The Indian drum of the king-god and the pakhāwaj of nathdwara|isbn=978-0-367-37024-4|location=New York|oclc=1154017106}}</ref>

Indian classical music tradition encourages the percussionist to verbally recite the rhythm as expressed in these mnemonics. Unlike the Konnakol notation(s) in Carnatic classical music, however, such recitals are hardly presented as independent performances. In the Hindustani classical traditions, the recitals are instead presented in a conversational manner to the audience before demonstrating the composition on the instrument. As the percussionists are expected to improvise their own rhythms, having a good knowledge of mnemonics helps finding a common ground with the co-performing musician – a singer or an instrumentalist whom the percussionist accompanies. Since the percussionist is required to play the rhythm quite fast at times (i.e. the [[drut]] laya) – these mnemonics are designed to assist fast recital by the percussionist – often with alternative names to allow the composition to be easy on the tongue.

=== Mnemonics ===
The following are some mnemonics that are popular.<ref name="AKumar">{{cite book|author=Ajay Kumar|title=Pakhawaj: Origin, Development and Playing Styles|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Pakhawaj-Origin-Development-Playing-Styles/dp/B01E5XOGXE/|year=2010|publisher=Kanishka Publishers |access-date=Oct 2, 2020}}</ref>

# दिन (din) – This sound is made by gently hitting the centre of the treble face with all fingers except the thumb and leaving the hand quickly enough to allow a resonating sound. The resonant sound thus produced often serves as a bridge to the next mnemonic in the rhythm. The bol is also referred to as धुम.
# ता (ta) – This sound is made by waving the hand from down to up while brushing the top of the treble face with the part of the hand slightly below the little finger. This produces a resonating sound which often serves as the last mnemonic of the rhythm's sub-cycle.
# घे (ghe) – This sound is made by hitting the bass part with all fingers except the thumb closed.
# धा (dha) – This is a compound mnemonic composed of घे and ता and is thus played with both hands simultaneously on the pakhavaj.
# तिट (tiTa) – This sound is produced on the treble face in two parts. Both parts are muted hits and are produced by leaving the hand on the face to suppress the resonance that would have been caused if the hand were to quickly hit the face (i.e. taken away immediately). The first part is a muted hit with the middle, ring and little finger and the second part is a muted hit with just the index finger. The bol can also be referred to as किट in some compositions.
# क (ka) – This sound is produced on the bass face with a muted hit with all fingers of the hand.
# न (n) – This is a muted sound made on the treble face with the middle and ring fingers.
# ना (na) – This is similar to the equivalent sound in tabla. The ring finger needs to be on the border separating the syahi (black center of the treble face) while the index finger is used hit the edge and lifted immediately to produce a resonating tone (higher than that of the center).
# तिन (tin) – This sound is similar to ना(na) but the index finger is used to hit the मैदान (maidan) – the area between the outermost ring and the inner circle (''syahi'').
# कत (kata) – This is a compound sound produced made by playing क(ka) and ता (ta) in succession (not simultaneously like in धा – dha).
# गन (gan) – This is a compound sound produced made by playing क(ka) and न (n) in succession.
# गदि (gadi) – This is a compound sound produced made by playing क(ka) and दिन (din) in succession.

Alternative names are sometimes used for some of the mnemonics (bol) in order to assist fast recital. For example, घे (ghe) could also be pronounced थुन् (thun) and तिट (tiTa) could also be pronounced as किट(kiTa).

=== Rhythms or tala ===
A basic exercise that a beginner is expected to learn is playing a ''theka'' (pattern) in a particular ''[[Tala (music)|tala]]'' or rhythmic cycle. For example, the simple bols for {{transliteration|hi|chautal}} or {{transliteration|hi|chartal}} (unrelated to [[chowtal]] – the folksong style from the Bhojpuri-speaking region) in 12 beats are as follows:

''|धा धा | दिन ता | तिट धा | दिन ता''

''| तिट कत | गदि गन |''

''| dha dha | din ta || tiTa dha | din ta''

''| tiTa kata | gadi gana |''

Learners typically advance to practising ''rela''s (which are compositions performed at high tempo/laya). In the Hindustani system, the basic theka e.g. for chowtal above remains as a pulse while elaborations or vistāra (विस्तार) continue with higher tempos. For example, a rela that corresponds to the above chowtal is the following

| धा दिन धा किट तकिट तकाकिट । तक तक धुम किट तकिट तकाकिट । तक तक धुम किट तक तक धुम किट । तक तक धुम किट तकिट तकाकिट

। तक धुम किट तक गदि गन धा किट । तक गदि गन धा किट तक गदि गन ।

| dhā dina dhā kiṭa takiṭa takākiṭa । taka taka dhuma kiṭa takiṭa takākiṭa । taka taka dhuma kiṭa taka taka dhuma kiṭa । taka taka dhuma kiṭa takiṭa takākiṭa

। taka dhuma kiṭa taka gadi gana dhā kiṭa । taka gadi gana dhā kiṭa taka gadi gana ।

Here, four bols correspond to every bol of the theka. Players often start the performance with the theka – playing just the one bol at every pulse (particularly when not performing as accompaniments to singing or instrumental pieces) and then go on to present their compositions with higher or lower speeds. Increasing the speed(tempo) up or down is acceptable in Indian classical music – which has more temporal rather than harmonic complexity (unlike the Western system of music).

Another tala used often in compositions is Dhamaar tala(14 beats) – which follows the scheme of 3-2-2-3-4 and sometimes 3-2-2-3-2-2 – varying according to the particular correspondence.
The theka for Dhamara tala is
|Ka dhi ta | dhi ta| dha S |Ga di na | di na ta S |
Another impressive tala is Sultala(10 beats) or Sur-fank tala following the scheme of 2-2-2-2-2 notable by the theka of | Dha kete | Nak Dhi | Ghere Nak | Gad Di | Ghere Nak |

A few other talas used in the pakhavaj are the Therwa (7 beats/3-2-2) tala, Matta tala(9 beats/4-2-3 and sometimes 4-1-4), Teentala (16 beats/4-4-4-4) and Pancham Sawari(15 beats/3-4-4-4). These are not as common.

== Notable traditions ==
Nana Panse, Nathdwara and Kudai Singh may be the primary surviving [[gharana]]s of pakhawaj but there are at least 11 styles that can be traced in recent history – Jaawli, Mathura, Punjab, Kudau Singh, Nana Saheb Panse, Naathdwara, Bishnupur, Gurav parampara, Mangalvedhekar, Gwalior, Raigarh, Gujarat, Jaipur and Jodhpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mistrī|first=Ābāna E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jSKQgAACAAJ|title=Pakhawaj & Tabla: History, Schools, and Traditions|date=1999|publisher=Pt. Keki S. Jijina|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
* [[Mridangam]]
* [[Dhol]]
* [[Khol]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Hand drums]]
[[Category:Pitched percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]

Soul Cages: The Story of Life, Death and Beyond

2026-02-11T20:04:28Z

Aryakin2021: started data

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox stage production
| name = Soul Cages
| image = SavithaSC4.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = The Story of Life, Death & Beyond
| company = Sai Shree Arts
| genre = Solo [[Bharatanatyam]] Dance Theatre
| type =
| premiere = 28 Jan 2012
| finalshow = 
| location =
| creatortitle1 = Producer & Writer
| creatorname1 = [[AK Srikanth]]
| creatortitle2 = Direction & Choreography
| creatorname2 = [[Savitha Sastry]]
| creatortitle3 = Music
| creatorname3 = [[Rajkumar Bharathi]]
| creatortitle4 = Technical Direction
| creatorname4 = Victor Paul Raj
| creatortitle5 = Costumes
| creatorname5 = Joy Antony
| creatortitle6 =
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'''Soul Cages''' is a solo [[Bharatanatyam]] Dance Theatre production choreographed and performed by [[Savitha Sastry]]. It is based on a short story of the same name by [[AK Srikanth]], and featured music by the Chennai-based music composer [[Rajkumar Bharathi]],<ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/soulCages.html Savitha Sastry Webpage]</ref> the great grandson of the veteran poet [[Subramania Bharathi]] . The production premiered on 28 January 2012 at [[New Delhi]]’s [[Kamani Auditorium]], and has since played in over 20 cities. The presentation was received with critical and popular acclaim.<ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/press/soulCages/hindustanTimes071512.jpg ''Savitha Sastry leaves Chandigarh audience awestruck'', by SD Sharma, The Hindustan Times, July 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/soul_cages/soul%20cages%20tour%202%20press/Dainik%20Tribune-Savitha%20Sastry%20Performance%2015.7.12%20Pg.No.3.jpg Article in Dainik Tribune, 14 July 2012]</ref>

==Plot==
''Soul Cages'' follows the journey of a six-year-old child, who dies in her sleep and is taken to heaven by an angel. In heaven, the child encounters the enigmatic ''King of Death'', who is amused by the child’s delight in seeing the wonders of heaven, and engages with the child by playing with her. However, the tone of the story changes at the point where the child realizes that the beauty of heaven holds no meaning to her in the absence of her loved ones.
The child figures out a way of having her mother and sister join her in heaven. While the child is delighted to have them close to her again, the ''King of Death'' is left in great consternation at the fact that two lives ended on Earth before their time. The presentation follows his attempts to stop the child from bringing more of her loved ones to heaven. The dance drama ends on a bitter-sweet note on the omnipotence of the natural laws of life and death.

==Cast==
All characters were played by [[Savitha Sastry]], with voice-overs for each character played over the soundtrack in English.

[[File:Savitha Sastry performing Soul Cages.jpg|thumb|[[Savitha Sastry]] performs her dance theater production 'Soul Cages: The story of life, death & beyond' (2012)]]

==Production==
''Soul Cages'' marked a departure from traditional [[Bharatanatyam]] themes of the nayika (the heroine) pining for love or pieces based on [[Bhakti]] (Devotion) alone. While the dance itself was based on [[Bharatanatyam]], the production used several effects from theater such as special lighting, use of voiceovers and narratives in the soundtrack, and the use of an original story not based out of Indian mythology or religion.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/enchanting-treatment/article3748018.ece Enchanting Treatment by Ranee Kumar, The Hindu, 10 Aug 2012]</ref>

==Critical reception==
''Soul Cages'' received largely positive reviews from critics. In particular, the attempt to bring [[Bharatanatyam]] to a wider audience was well appreciated. At ''The Hindu'', critic Shilpa Sebastian noted "Savitha Sastry’s choreography in Soul Cages strips the traditional Bharatanatyam performance of lyrics, to keep a universal appeal".<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/new-steps-old-language/article2896172.ece ''New Steps, Old Language'' by Shilpa Sebastian, The Hindu, 15 Feb 2012]</ref> Noted Dance Critic Satish Suri of ''Narthaki'' described ''Soul Cages'' as "a unique presentation exploring the dichotomy of life and death structured on the imagery and narrative of a story told with the grace and fluidity of classical Bharatanatyam."<ref>[https://www.narthaki.com/info/rev12/rev1193.html ''Soul Cages - An artistic Experience by Satish Suri'', Narthaki.com]</ref> Ayesha Singh of the ''Indian Express'' called it "a renaissance in Bharatanatyam".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105900/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/article1372129.ece Soul Cages: a renaissance in Bharatanatyam by Ayesha Singh, Indian Express, 9 Dec 2012]</ref> SD Sharma of ''Hindustan Times'' noted, "The magnificence and splendour of Bharatanatyam was brought alive". He further added that the production was "a treat to watch for its innovative trends...a captivating, cohesive dance bonanza".<ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/press/soulCages/hindustanTimes071512.jpg ''Savitha Sastry leaves Chandigarh audience awestruck'', by SD Sharma, The Hindustan Times, July 2012]</ref>
Savitha’s performance was also critically lauded. Critic Tapati Chowdurie of ''The Statesman'' said "her aramandis are enviable and her movement on stage fluid poetry.".<ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/press/soulCages/statesman040512.jpg ''Danseuse portrays life and death as a journey'' by Tapati Chowdhurie, The Statesman, 5 Apr 2012]</ref> Critic and writer Pramita Bose of the ''Asian Age'' credits Savitha in her review with the words "renders this solo act with much sophistication and finesse to enthral the astute audience and a horde of avid lovers of dance. A critical appraisal of such a unique and spectacular performance reads that while a clout of discerning connoisseurs of the artform will be bewitched by the subtle nuances employed in Sastry’s presentation, the uninitiated novice will but madly fall in love with the art by merely watching it."<ref>[http://www.savithasastry.com/press/soulCages/asianAge052412.jpg ''Sastry's soul looks for life beyond death and more'' by Pramita Bose, Asian Age, May 2012.]</ref>

==Credits==
A Sai Shree Arts Production

Artistic Direction: [[Savitha Sastry]] & [[AK Srikanth]]

Story and Script: [[AK Srikanth]]

Music: Rajkumar Bharathi

Lyrics: Niranjan Bharathi

Dance Choreography: Renjith Babu Choorakad & [[Savitha Sastry]]

Narration: Prasiddha RamaRao & Govind

Technical Director and Lightings: Victor Paulraj

Costume design: C A Joy

Vocals: Krithika Arvind & Srikanth

Keyboard: Vijayshankar

Mrdangam: Vijayaraghavan

Tabla and other percussion: Ganesh Rao

Veena: Subramanya Sharma

[[Sitar]]: Kishore

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bharatanatyam dance theatre productions]]

Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role

2026-02-02T07:47:34Z

Aryakin2021:

{{Short description|Annual television award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{See also|Indian Telly Award for Fan Favorite Actress|Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] for Best Actress in a Lead Role
| image = Deepika Singh 2014 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best performance by an actress in a leading role on television
| presenter = Indian Television Dot Com
| country = {{IND}}
| year = 2003
| holder = '''[[Deepika Singh]]''' for '''[[Mangal Lakshmi]]''' as Mangal Srivastava Saxena (2025)
| website = [http://www.indiantellyawards.com indiantellyawards.com]
}}

The '''Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role''' is an accolade presented annually by Indian Television Dot Com as part of the [[Indian Telly Awards]]. The award honours outstanding performances by actresses in leading roles on Indian television. Until 2012, it was presented without prior nominations, after which the process was modified to include a list of nominees decided by the jury panel.

==Winners==
*'''2003''' – [[Shweta Tiwari]] for ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Prerna Bajaj
*'''2005''' – [[Juhi Parmar]] for ''[[Kumkum (TV series)|Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]'' as Kumkum Wadhwa
*'''2006''' – [[Shweta Tiwari]] for ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Prerna Bajaj
*'''2007''' – [[Smriti Irani]] for ''[[Virrudh]]'' as Vasudha
*'''2008''' – Not awarded
*'''2009''' – Not awarded
*'''2010''' – [[Avika Gor]] for ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' as Anandi Singh
*'''2011''' – Not awarded
*'''2012''' – [[Sakshi Tanwar]] for ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' as Priya Kapoor<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly Awards 2012 Jury Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/personality_awards.php|access-date=18 December 2013|archive-date=27 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227212416/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/personality_awards.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Ragini Khanna]] for ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'' as Suhana Kashyap
**[[Shweta Tiwari]] for ''[[Parvarrish - Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi|Parvarrish]]'' as Sweety Ahluwalia
**[[Kritika Kamra]] for ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]'' as Arohi

*'''2013''' – [[Surekha Sikri]] for ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' as Kalyani Devi<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly Awards 2013 Jury Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winner_detail.php?catstat=0&category=PO|access-date=18 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822002543/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winner_detail.php?catstat=0&category=PO|archive-date=22 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Sonarika Bhadoria]] for ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' as Parvati
**[[Nia Sharma]] for ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'' as Manvi Vadhera
**[[Harshita Ojha]] for ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]'' as Veera Singh
**[[Sakshi Tanwar]] for ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' as Priya Kapoor

*'''2014''' – [[Jennifer Winget]] for ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' as Kumud Desai<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly Awards 2014 Jury Awards nominees/winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/personality-jury|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-date=6 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106031229/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/personality-jury|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Surekha Sikri]] for ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' as Kalyani Devi
**[[Sakshi Tanwar]] for ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' as Priya Kapoor
**[[Mandira Bedi]] for ''[[24 (Indian TV series)|24]]'' as Nikita Rai
**[[Krystle D'Souza]] for ''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' as Sakshi Modi

*'''2015''' – Not awarded
*'''2019''' – [[Divyanka Tripathi]] for ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' as Ishita Bhalla<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/ |title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Complete list of winners |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 March 2019 |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref>
**[[Adaa Khan]] for ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'' as Sitara
**[[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]] for ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'' as Mauli Srivastav Khanna
**[[Drashti Dhami]] for ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'' as Nandani Malhotra
**[[Shivangi Joshi]] for ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' as Naira Singhania

*'''2023''' – [[Rupali Ganguly]] for ''[[Anupamaa]]'' as Anupamaa<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Telly Awards 2023 |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Indian Telly Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Telly Awards 2023 |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/index50.html |access-date=28 February 2024 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511042508/https://www.indiantellyawards.com/index50.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**[[Ayesha Singh]] for ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]'' as Sai
**[[Sushmita Mukherjee]] for ''[[Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi]]'' as Kusum
**[[Disha Parmar]] for ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'' as Priya
**Priyanka Chahar Choudhary for ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' as Tejo
**[[Karuna Pandey]] for ''[[Pushpa Impossible]]'' as Pushpa

*'''2025''' – [[Deepika Singh]] for ''[[Mangal Lakshmi]]'' as Mangal Srivastava Saxena
**[[Rupali Ganguly]] for ''[[Anupamaa]]'' as Anupamaa Joshi
**[[Rutuja Bagwe]] for ''[[Maati Se Bandhi Dor]]'' as Vaijayanti
**[[Sriti Jha]] for ''[[Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye]]'' as Amruta
**[[Bharati Achrekar]] for ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'' as Radhika Wagle

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Telly Award Best Lead Actress}}
{{Indian Telly Awards}}

[[Category:Indian Telly Awards]]
[[Category:Television acting awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2003]]

No. 127 Helicopter Unit IAF

2026-01-27T05:56:10Z

Aryakin2021: cleaned up content based on references and improved wording for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= No. 127 Helicopter Unit
|image=
|caption=
|dates=10 January 1985 – present
|country={{flagicon|India}} Republic of India
|allegiance=
|branch={{air force|India}}
|type=
|role=
|size=
|command_structure=
|garrison=[[Mohanbari Air Force Station|Mohanbari AFS]]
|garrison_label=
|nickname="First Ranas"
|patron=
|motto=''?'' Undaunted Undettered
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|disbanded=

|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=

|aircraft_attack=[[Mil Mi-17]]
|aircraft_bomber=
|aircraft_electronic=
|aircraft_fighter=
|aircraft_recon=
|aircraft_trainer=
|aircraft_transport=
}}
'''No. 127 Helicopter Unit (First Ranas)''' is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with [[Mil Mi-17]] and based at [[Mohanbari Air Force Station|Mohanbari AFS]].<ref name=BRakshak>{{cite web|title=Squadrons and Helicopter Units|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=5 December 2015|archive-date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209134909/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
No. 127 Helicopter Unit was raised on 10 January 1985 at Hindon AFS.It was the first unit to be equipped with [[Mi-17]], or 'Rana' as it is called in the Indian Air Force. Hence the squadron motto.{{clarify|What is the connection between the motto "Undaunted Undettered" (should that be undeterred?) and Rana (Spanish for frog?)?|date=January 2020}} Initially the unit was tasked with providing communications and logistics support in the Himalayas. On 21 August 1987 the unit moved to [[Chabua]] in the east and from there they moved to Mohanbari in June 1992.

===Assignments===
On occasions they have also been called upon to perform VIP duties for Eastern Air Command and have also been required to provide search and rescue coverage for fighters operating in the area. This unit has a dedicated wartime role as well, which involves the induction of troops behind enemy lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/today/unit-articles/335-42-wing.html|title=42 Wing – Mohanbari : Indian Mi-17s in Assam|author=Phillip Camp & Simon Watson|work=Bharat Rakshak:Indian Air Force}}</ref>

The unit has actively participated in the following:
*[[Operation Vijay (1999)]] in Kargil during 1999.
*[[Operation Rhino]] against ULFA Terrorist Camps in Bhutan during September 1991.
*[[Operation Pawan]], the Battle for Jafna in Sri Lanka during October 1987.
*[[Operation Rakshak]], a counter insurgency operation in Kashmir during 2000.
*[[Operation Meghdoot]], the operation to take the high ground on the Siachen Glacier in 1985.
*[[Operation Brasstacks]], the entire mobilisation of the Indian Army in Rajasthan in 1987.
*[[Operation Safed Sagar]] in Kargil during 1999.

===Aircraft===
*[[Mil Mi-17]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons|127]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1985]]

Bikram Singh

2026-01-18T15:02:34Z

Aryakin2021: Started First Bio Nd Citations.

'''Bikram Singh''' may refer to:

* Bikram Singh, Raja of Saraikela; see [[List of state leaders in 1620]]
* [[Bikram Singh (cyclist)]], Indian track cyclist
* [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1911)]] (1911–1963), Indian Army general who was killed in the 1963 Poonch Indian Air Force helicopter crash
* [[K. Bikram Singh]] (1938–2013), Indian filmmaker and politician
* [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1952)]], former Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army
* [[Bikram Singh (politician)]], cabinet minister from Himachal Pradesh
* [[Bikram Singh (musician)]] (born {{circa}} 1980), American bhangra music artist

==See also==
* [[Mohan Bikram Singh]] (born 1935), Nepalese politician
* [[Bikram Singh Majithia]] (born 1975), Punjabi Indian politician
* ''[[Bikram Singha: The Lion Is Back]]'', a 2012 Indian film by Rajiv Kumar Biswas
* [[Bikram (disambiguation)]]

{{hndis|Singh, Bikram}}

Bengali cinema

2026-01-14T09:43:01Z

Aryakin2021:

'''Bengali cinema''' refers to cinema in the [[Bengali language]], mainly produced in Bangladesh and West Bengal, a state of India:

* [[Cinema of Bangladesh]], produced mainly in Dhaka (often called Dhallywood)

* [[Cinema of West Bengal]], produced mainly in Tollygunge, Kolkata (often called Tollywood)

==See also==
* [[Tollywood (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

Bhanumati Rao

2026-01-12T04:23:38Z

Aryakin2021: starting some bio and citations

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer and stage actress (1923–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
'''Bhanumati Rao''' (4 December 1923 – 12 February 2022) (sometimes spelled as '''Bhanumathi''') was an Indian classical dancer, teacher, and stage actress. Specializing in two forms of Indian classical dance, [[Kathakali]] and [[Bharatanatyam]], she was also an actress on stage in [[Malayalam]]-language theater. She later taught classical dance and music, and in 2019, was the subject of a [[documentary film]] about her life, made by director R.V. Ramani.

== Career ==
Rao studied dance as a child, but left India for the United Kingdom at the age of 24 to study library science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-17|title=Dance is a way of life: 92-year-old woman who broke the internet with Bharatanatyam performance|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dance-way-life-92-year-old-woman-who-broke-internet-bharatanatyam-performance-37817|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> While in the United Kingdom, she began her career as a professional dancer, becoming a member of a dance group headed by Indian classical dancer [[Ram Gopal (dancer)|Ram Gopal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Iyer|first=Gayathri|date=2022-02-17|title=Remembering guru Bhanumathi Rao, whose love for dance always triumphed|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/remembering-guru-bhanumathi-rao-whose-love-for-dance-always-triumphed/article65055111.ece|access-date=2022-02-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> As a member of Ram Gopal's troupe, she toured India and Europe in the 1940s, performing Indian classical dance and helping to raise funds for the colonial war effort.<ref name=":1" /> Following her marriage to Krishna Rao, she lived in New York in the 1950s, where she continued to perform, especially for visiting Indian diplomats and politicians including India's first prime minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-25|title=Oh That's Bhanu: Capturing dance, life and truth of Bhanumathi Rao|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/oh-thats-bhanu-documentary-bhanumathi-rao-bharatanatyam-dancer-tagore-film-centre-6135402/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> She was instrumental in introducing Indian classical dance to international audiences, and often innovated with classical techniques, incorporating aspects of other Indian classical and folk dances into her performances.<ref name=":0" />

Rao returned to India after India attained Independence, and lived in [[New Delhi]], where she established a dance school and taught two forms of Indian classical dance; [[Kathakali]] and [[Bharatanatyam]].<ref name=":1" /> During this time, she also began performing in Malayalam-language theater, and often acted, directed and wrote scripts based on [[Malayalam literature]] and stories herself.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She was a notable performer, and had transitioned into performing Hindi-language theater as well, memorizing her dialogues after having them written in her native Malayalam language.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Bhanumati Rao: The Dancer Who Lived in The Moment With Infinite Grace and Joy|url=https://thewire.in/the-arts/bhanumati-rao-the-dancer-who-lived-in-the-moment-with-infinite-grace-and-joy|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Wire}}</ref> She was known in particular for her performance in ''vidhi vesham'', or comic roles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-27|title=Maya Krishna Rao: The Argumentative Actor|url=https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/theatre/maya-krishna-rao-the-argumentative-actor/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=Open The Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> Following this, she moved to [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], where she studied classical Indian [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] music.<ref name=":1" /> Although she stopped performing dance in the 1990s, she continued to practice dance through her life, into her 90s, and in 2016, a video of Rao dancing classical Bharatanatyam at the age of 92 went viral, leading to a revived interest in her career.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Sundaram|first=Nandhu|title=Jio MAMI 21st Mumbai Film Festival: 'Oh That's Bhanu' at the centre stage|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/watch/film-on-bhanumathi-rao-at-mami/article29789089.ece|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=25 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-04|title=Video of 92-yr-old Bhanumathi Rao performing Bharatanatyam goes viral|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/viral-videos-trending/video-of-92-yr-old-bhanumathi-rao-performing-bharatanatyam-goes-viral/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Rao was active in social efforts to establish women's rights, and worked with the [[All India Women's Conference]].<ref name=":1" />

In 2019, she was the subject of a documentary film, ''Oh That's Bhanu'', about her life. It was made by filmmaker R.V. Ramani, and documented her career in dance as well as her later struggles with memory loss. The film later won the Bala Kailasam Memorial Award 2019,<ref name=":2" /> and was screened at the Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image festival in 2019.<ref name=":4" />

== Personal life ==
Rao was born in Kozhikode, Kerala in 1923.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> She met her husband, Krishna Rao, a lawyer, while on tour in the 1940s. They had two daughters, Tara Krishna Rao, and [[Maya Krishna Rao]], who is also a dancer.<ref name=":1" /> For a period of ten years, in the 1990s, Rao retreated from public life and lived in an [[ashram]] (a Hindu spiritual hermitage) in Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-04|title=Age on Her Side|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/age-on-her-side/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> She died on 12 February 2022 at the age of 98.<ref name=":3" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre people]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]

Ananda Shankar Jayant

2026-01-12T04:16:47Z

Aryakin2021: starting initial pg added tags

{{Short description|Indian dancer, choreographer and dance scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ananda Shankar Jayant
| image = Ananda_Shankar_Jayant_for_her_outstanding_contribution_to_Bharatanatyam_(cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1961}}{{Refn|group=note|53 years old as of 2015<ref name="A life in ‘mudra’" />}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Classical dancer Choreographer
| yearsactive = Since 1972
| known for = [[Bharatanatyam]] [[Kuchipudi]]
| spouse = Jayant
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents = G. S. Shankar Subhashini Shankar
| website = {{URL|anandashankarjayant.com}}
| signature =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] [[Kala Ratna|Kala Ratna Award]] Nritya Choodamani [[Kalaimamani Award]] Natya Illavarasi Nritya Choodamani Nritya Kalasagara Natya Kalasagar Guru Debaprasad Award [[Indian Express]] Devi Award [[Alliance University]] Nritya Saraswati Vidya Tapasvi Award
}}
[[File:Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award-2009 to Ms. Ananda Shankar Jayant for her outstanding contribution to Bharatanatyam.jpg|thumb|Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award-2009 to Ms. Ananda Shankar Jayant for her outstanding contribution to Bharatanatyam]]
'''Ananda Shankar Jayant''' is an Indian classical dancer, choreographer, scholar and bureaucrat, known for her proficiency in the classical dance forms of [[Bharatanatyam]] and [[Kuchipudi]].<ref name="Ananda Shankar Jayant: She who danced her way through cancer and conquered it">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/ananda-shankar-jayant-she-who-danced-her-way-through-cancer-and-conquered-it-271190-2015-11-03 | title=Ananda Shankar Jayant: She who danced her way through cancer and conquered it | publisher=India Today | date=3 November 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> She is the first woman officer in the [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] on South Central Railway <ref name="Ananda Shankar Jayant : The First Lady IRTS Officer of Indian Railways">{{cite web | url=http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/alumni/19102015/19102015_0011.pdf | title=Ananda Shankar Jayant : The First Lady IRTS Officer of South Central Railway, Indian Railways | publisher=Delhi University | date=2015 | access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref> and her 2009 [[TED talk]] is ranked among the top twelve ''Incredible TED talks on cancer''.<ref name="12 Incredible TED Talks on Cancer">{{cite web | url=http://mastersinhealthcare.com/blog/2011/12-incredible-ted-talks-on-cancer/ | title=12 Incredible TED Talks on Cancer | publisher=Masters in Healthcare | date=2016 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> She is a recipient of [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], [[Kalaimamani Award]] of the Government of Tamil Nadu and [[Kala Ratna|Kala Ratna Award]] of the Government of Andhra Pradesh. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2007, for her contributions to arts.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2013 |access-date=20 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Ananda Shankar, born in a [[Tamil Brahmin]] family from [[Tirunelveli district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] to G. S. Shankar, an officer with [[Indian Railways]] and Subhashini, a school teacher and a musician, was brought up in [[Hyderabad]] where she did her early education at [[St. Ann's High School, Secunderabad]].<ref name="Padmashri Ananda Shankar Jayant – Part 1">{{cite web | url=http://coffeewithsundar.com/padmashri-ananda-shankar-jayant-part-1/ | title=Padmashri Ananda Shankar Jayant – Part 1 | publisher=Coffee with Sundar | work=August 20, 2011 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501222957/http://coffeewithsundar.com/padmashri-ananda-shankar-jayant-part-1/ | archive-date=1 May 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> She started learning classical dance at the age of 4 under Sharada Keshava Rao and, later, K. N. Pakkiriswamy Pillai, and in 1972 at the age of 11, she joined [[Kalakshetra]] of [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]] where she trained in [[Bharatanatyam]] under teachers such as Padma Balagopal, Sharada Hoffman and Krishnaveni Laxman. After six years of study, she secured her diploma and post graduate diploma from the institution in disciplines of Bharatanatyam, [[Carnatic music]], veena, dance theory and philosophy. She returned to Hyderabad at the age of 17 and founded ''Shankarananda Kalakshetra'', a dance school with eight students, which has since grown into a dance academy, associating such artists as [[Partha Ghose]], Mrunalini Chunduri, Sathiraju Venumadhav and Dolan Banerjee among others.<ref name="Shankarananda Kalakshetra presents Kavyanjali">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/prv16/prv1070.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220072034/http://www.narthaki.com/info/prv16/prv1070.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 December 2016 | title=Shankarananda Kalakshetra presents Kavyanjali | publisher=Narthaki | date=23 August 2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 }}</ref> In Hyderabad, she also learned [[Kuchipudi]] under Pasumarthy Ramalinga Shastry.<ref name="Dance - the essence of my life">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrvw93.html | title=Dance - the essence of my life | publisher=Narthaki | date=23 November 2006 | access-date=25 August 2016 | author=Lalitha Venkat}}</ref> Concurrently, she pursued her academic studies and after completing her master's degree in Indian History and Culture from [[Osmania University]], she passed the civil services examination to join the [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] (IRTS), thus becoming the first woman officer of the service on South Central Railway <ref name="The cancer conqueror">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/achievers-ananda-shankar-jayant-is-the-cancer-conqueror/20150601.htm | title=The cancer conqueror | publisher=ReDiff | date=1 June 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> While serving IRTS, she continued her studies to secure an MPhil in Art History on a [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] research scholarship and a doctoral degree (PhD) in tourism; her thesis being ''Promotion of Tourism in India - Role of Railways''.<ref name="Dance - the essence of my life" />

In June 2008, after returning from a ''Kuchipudi Conference'' in the US, she was diagnosed with breast cancer which was subsequently treated.<ref name="Padmashri Ananda Shankar Jayant – Part 2">{{cite web | url=http://coffeewithsundar.com/padmashri-ananda-shankar-jayant-part-2/ | title=Padmashri Ananda Shankar Jayant – Part 2 | publisher=Coffee with Sundar | work=August 20, 2011 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501223000/http://coffeewithsundar.com/padmashri-ananda-shankar-jayant-part-2/ | archive-date=1 May 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

In November 2009, she was invited to share her experiences on [[TED talk]] and she delivered a speech, incorporating dance moves in between,<ref name="Ananda Shankar Jayant: Fighting cancer with dance">{{cite web | url=https://www.ted.com/talks/ananda_shankar_jayant_fighting_cancer_with_dance | title=Ananda Shankar Jayant: Fighting cancer with dance | publisher=TED Ideas Worth Spreading | work=Web video | date=November 2009 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> which has since been rated as one of the twelve ''Incredible TED talks on cancer''.<ref name="The cancer conqueror" /> The [[Huffington Post]] ranked her talk as ''one of the five greatest TED talks by Indians''.<ref name="Ananda Shankar Jayant on HBS">{{cite web | url=http://indiaconferenceatharvard.com/2016/speakers/dr-ananda-shankar-jayant/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919133614/http://indiaconferenceatharvard.com/2016/speakers/dr-ananda-shankar-jayant/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=19 September 2016 | title=Ananda Shankar Jayant on HBS | publisher=India Conference at Harvard | date=2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 }}</ref> She resumed her dancing career after her cancer days which lasted two years. Under the aegis of her dance academy, she composed many dance ensembles like ''What About Me?'' (1999) and the subsequent ''Dancing Tales - [[Panchatantra]]'', based on the ancient Indian fables of the same name and performed on many stages including in Cambodia.<ref name="Dance helped me to shift my mind away from cancer">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ananda-shankar-jayant-fights-cancer-with-dance/article6249535.ece | title=Dance helped me to shift my mind away from cancer | work=The Hindu | date=25 July 2014 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> ''Buddham Saranam Gachchami'', ''Jonathan Livingston Seagull'', ''Sri Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum'', ''Buddham Saranam Gachchami'', ''Expressions of Truth'' (on [[Gandhism|Gandhian ideals]]), ''An Easel Called Life'', ''Navarasa - Expressions of Life'', ''Darshanam - An Ode to the Eye,'' ''Kavyanjali and Tales from the Bull and the Tiger (2019)'' are some of the dance productions choreographed by her.<ref name="Devi Award for Dynamism and Innovation">{{cite web | url=http://www.eventxpress.com/devi2015/ | title=Devi Award for Dynamism and Innovation | publisher=Indian Express | date=2015 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> She also continued her motivational talks and was one of the speakers of the ''Inspire'' series at the ''India Conference at Harvard'' held at [[Harvard Business School]] in February 2016 as well as at [[Columbia College Chicago]] and at [[Oberlin College]], Ohio.<ref name="Never give up on your passion">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/renowned-dancer-ananda-shankar-jayant-shares-her-experience-of-her-talk-at-harvard-business-school/article8365554.ece | title=Never give up on your passion | work=The Hindu | date=17 March 2016 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> She guest-edited the 16th edition of ''Attendance-The Dance Annual Magazine of India'',<ref name="Dance and Telugu traditions, by Ananda Shankar Jayant">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20140901-dance-and-telugu-traditions-ananda-shankar-jayant-804967-1999-11-29 | title=Dance and Telugu traditions, by Ananda Shankar Jayant | publisher=India Today | date=21 August 2014 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> and has released a desktop app for practicing dance.<ref name="A life in ‘mudra’">{{cite web | url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3AN1T3yZbwJDhFkddhIsXN/A-life-in-mudra.html | title=A life in 'mudra' | publisher=Live Mint | date=26 August 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>

Ananda Shakar is married to Jayant Dwarkanath <ref name="Ananda Shankar Jayant fights cancer with dance">{{cite web | url=http://www.pharmainfo.net/shanthi-priya/ananda-shankar-jayant-fights-cancer-dance | title=Ananda Shankar Jayant fights cancer with dance | publisher=Pharma Info | date=2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827103506/http://www.pharmainfo.net/shanthi-priya/ananda-shankar-jayant-fights-cancer-dance | archive-date=27 August 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and she worked as an officer of the Indian Railway Traffic Service on the Ministry of Railways from where she retired after 33 years of service .<ref name="In Conversation With Dr. Ananda Shankar Jayant">{{cite web | url=http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=11837 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826102025/http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=11837 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=26 August 2016 | title=In Conversation With Dr. Ananda Shankar Jayant | publisher=Lokvani | work=Interview | date=10 February 2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 | author=Nirmala Garimella}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
The Government of Tamil Nadu honored Ananda Shankar with [[Kalaimamani|Kalamamani Award]] in 2002<ref name="Kalaimamani awards announced">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/10/11/stories/2003101106480400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221085654/http://www.thehindu.com/2003/10/11/stories/2003101106480400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 December 2016 | title=Kalaimamani awards announced | date=11 October 2003 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2004, she received the ''Natya Illavarasi'' title of the Sree Shanmukhananda Sangeetha Sabha, New Delhi<ref name="Tyagaraja music and dance fest / New Delhi">{{cite web | url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/2393-tyagaraja-music-and-dance-fest | title=Tyagaraja music and dance fest / New Delhi | publisher=Kutcheri Buzz | date=February 2004 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> and two years later, Sri Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai awarded her the title of ''Nritya Choodamani'' in 2006.<ref name="Nritya Choodamani Awardees Gallery">{{cite web | url=http://krishnaganasabha.org/kgs_old/nrityachoo.html | title=Nritya Choodamani Awardees Gallery | publisher=Krishna Gana Sabha | date=2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-date=20 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220071045/http://krishnaganasabha.org/kgs_old/nrityachoo.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The Government of India awarded her the civilian honor of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2007,<ref name="Padma Awards" /> the same year as she received the title, ''Nritya Kalasagara'' from Kalasagaram, Secunderabad.<ref name="Highlights - November 2007">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/hl/hl07.html | title=Highlights - November 2007 | publisher=Narthaki | date=2007 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> and the Government of Andhra Pradesh included her in the [[Ugadi]] Day honors list for the [[Kala Ratna]] award in 2008.<ref name="29 selected for Ugadi Puraskarams">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/29-selected-for-ugadi-puraskarams/article1234239.ece | title=29 selected for Ugadi Puraskarams | work=The Hindu | date=7 April 2008 | access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> She received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 2009 for her contributions to the dance form of [[Bharatnatyam]].<ref name="SNA Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/Awardees.php?section=aa | title=SNA Awardees | publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi | date=2016 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-date=31 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331060603/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Natya Kalasagar'' title of Visakha Music Academy reached her in 2010 and she received three awards in 2015, ''Guru Debaprasad Award'' of Tridhara,<ref name="9th Guru Debaprasad Award Festival">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/prv15/prv1008.html | title=9th Guru Debaprasad Award Festival | publisher=Narthaki | date=22 October 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220072030/http://www.narthaki.com/info/prv15/prv1008.html | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Devi Award for Dynamism and Innovation'' of the [[Indian Express]]<ref name="Devi Award for Dynamism and Innovation" /> and ''Nritya Saraswati'' title of [[Alliance University]], Bengaluru.<ref name="Nrithya Saraswathi award for Prof. Anuradha">{{cite web | url=http://uohherald.commuoh.in/nrithya-saraswathi-award-for-prof-anuradha/ | title=Nrithya Saraswathi award for Prof. Anuradha | publisher=University of Hyderabad | date=12 May 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827221700/http://uohherald.commuoh.in/nrithya-saraswathi-award-for-prof-anuradha/ | archive-date=27 August 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Kalakshetra]]
* [[Bharatanatyam]]
* [[Kuchipudi]]
* [[List of Osmania University people]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://amara.org/en/videos/C9jkLjiQ0bmK/info/fighting-cancer-with-dance/ | title=Fighting cancer with dance | publisher=Amara.org | work=Ananda Shankar Jayant (TED Talk Video) | access-date=24 August 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.storypick.com/ananda-shankar-jayant/ | title=Meet Ananda Shankar Jayant Who 'Conquered' Cancer With Dance. Isn't That Great? | publisher=Story Pick | work=Web feature | date=2 November 2015 | access-date=25 August 2016 | author=Aparajita Mishra | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220063509/http://www.storypick.com/ananda-shankar-jayant/ | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=dead }}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayant, Ananda Shankar}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kala Ratna]]
[[Category:1960s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Kalakshetra Foundation alumni]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian Railways officers]]
[[Category:Indian motivational speakers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil artists]]
[[Category:Educators from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Latha Hamsalekha

2026-01-07T23:55:12Z

Aryakin2021: starting some entry first draft!

{{Short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Latha Hamsalekha
| image = Latha Hamsalekha image.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| native_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1957|12|12}}
| birth_place = [[Basavanagudi]], [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore state]] ({{small|now [[Karnataka]]}})<ref name="Latha"/>
| occupations = {{hlist|Singer|performer}}
| years_active =
| module2=Awards: [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Filmi]]
* [[Folk music|Folk]]
* [[Bhajan]]
}}
| instruments = Vocals
| label = Independent Artist
}}
| =
}}

'''Latha''', commonly known as '''Latha Hamsalekha''', is an Indian playback singer in [[Kannada language|Kannada]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2020/03/bengaluru-gets-all-women-post-office-international-womens-day/|title=Bengaluru gets all women post office on International Women's Day|work=egov.eletsonline|date=11 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/dec/08/kannada-actors-singers-to-perform-at-eighth-edition-of-karunada-sambrama-1908683.html|title=Kannada actors, singers to perform at eighth edition of Karunada Sambrama|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 December 2018|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> She is married to composer [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/music-director-nadabrahma-hamsalekha-and-his-wife-latha-song-about-coronavirus/articleshow/74898304.cms|title=ಕೊರೊನಾ ವೈರಸ್‌ನ್ನು ತರಾಟೆಗೆ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡು, ಬೈ ಬೈ ಹೇಳಿದ್ರು 'ನಾದಬ್ರಹ್ಮ' ಹಂಸಲೇಖ|trans-title='Bye bye to Corona virus' awareness song by Hamsalekha and Latha Hamsalekha|work=Vijaya Karnataka|date=30 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2021|author=Padmashree Bhat}}</ref> For her song ''Aa Arunodaya Chanda'' in the movie ''Arunodaya'', Latha was awarded the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] in 1999–2000.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121701550300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102014049/http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121701550300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-11-02 | location=Chennai, India | title=Shivaraj, Tara, Anu bag State film awards | date=2001-12-17| work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Latha was born in Bangalore to Mitrananda Kumar and Sharada. She married [[Hamsalekha]] and they have a son and two daughters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/hamsalekha-i-learnt-my-art-from-folk-balladeers-906202.html|title=Hamsalekha: I learnt my art from folk balladeers|work=Deccan Herald|author=Jagadish Angadi|date=23 October 2020|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tollywoodcelebrities.com/2017/10/hamsalekha-family-marriage-wife-photos.html?m=1|title=Hamsalekha family|website=Tollywood celebrities|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://gulabigangofficial.in/hamsalekha/amp/|title=Hamsalekha : Hits, Audio, Songs, Movies, Full Biography, Age, Family, Awards|website=Gulabigang official|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/celebs/lata-hamsalekha/biography.html|title=ಲತಾ ಹಂಸಲೇಖ ಜೀವನಚರಿತ್ರೆ|trans-title=Latha Hamsalekha biography|language=Kannada|work=Filmibeat|date=6 March 2021}}</ref>

== Career ==
Latha first became an orchestra singer in ‛Gaana Sharada’ troupe, owned by Hamsalekha's elder brother G. Balakrishna.<ref name="Latha">{{Cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/lavalavk/weekly-magazine/music-is-my-life-hamsalekha/articleshow/49782257.cms|title=ಸಂಗೀತವೇ ನನ್ನ ಜೀವ, ಜೀವಾಳ|trans-title=Music is my life, force|language=Kannada|work=Vijaya Karnataka|date=15 November 2015|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref> Then started her career as playback singer through the hit song ''Nodamma Hudugi'' in the movie [[Premaloka]] in 1987.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/how-spb-hamsalekha-and-ravichandran-created-a-trend-893096.html|title=How SPB, Hamsalekha and Ravichandran created a trend|work=Deccan Herald|author=Vivek M. V.|date= 26 September 2020|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref> Most of her songs are recorded by Hamsalekha. Some of her hit songs including "Hasiru Gajina Balegale" ([[Avane Nanna Ganda]]), "Kaveri Theeradalli Mungarige" ([[Chaitrada Premanjali]]), "Akaradalli Gulabi Rangide" ([[Anjada Gandu]]), "Collegegu Thanks" (''Joot'') and many.

== Awards ==
* 2023 - ''Bidari cultural Award'' by [[Bidar District]] administration for lifetime achievement<ref>{{cite news|url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bidar-news-renowned-sandalwood-singer-latha-hamsalekha-receiving-bidari-datti-award-on-november-5th-sbr-181699064093205.html|title= Bidari award is announced for famous playback singer Latha Hamsalekha|work=Hindustan Times Kannada|language=Kannada|date= 4 November 2023|access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref>
* 2017 - ''Dr. Rajkumar Award'' by Raghavendra Chitravani Institution<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/photos-steal-the-show-at-chitravani-awards/articleshow/56860211.cms|title=PHOTOS STEAL THE SHOW AT CHITRAVANI AWARDS|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=30 January 2017|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
* 1999-2000 - [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] - ''Aa Arunodaya Chanda'' (Arunodaya)

== Filmography ==
{{Main|List of songs recorded by Latha Hamsalekha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm12658065}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamsalekha, Latha}}
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

Santala devi temple

2026-01-07T15:32:11Z

Aryakin2021: started a biography

{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Santala Devi Temple|state=Uttarakhand|district=Dehradun}}

'''Santala Devi Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-05-11 |title=मां सन्तला देवी मंदिर: औरंगजेब ने भेजा शादी का प्रस्ताव, तो मुगल सेना पर हुआ वज्रपात |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttarakhand/city/dehradun/story-of-aurangzeb-about-maa-santala-devi-temple-of-dehradun/uttarakhand20220511103024432432850 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref> is a [[hindu temple]] in Punkal Gaon, Galajwari, [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]]. The temple is dedicated to Goddess Santala Devi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saurabh |date=2020-08-03 |title=Santla Devi temple trek – a quick short hike in the neighbourhood of Dehradun |url=https://travelindevbhoomi.in/2020/08/04/santla-devi-temple-trek-a-quick-short-hike-in-the-neighbourhood-of-dehradun/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=Travel diaries from Uttarakhand |language=en}}</ref> who is believed to be a form of Goddess [[Durga]].The temple is 2083 metres above sea level. the temple is 15 km from main city Dehradun and 37 km from [[Dehradun Airport|Jolly Grant Airport]].

== History ==
According to legend, Princess Santala,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Santala Devi Temple Dehradun (Timings, History, Entry Fee, Images, Aarti, Location & Phone) - Dehradun Tourism |url=https://dehraduntourism.co.in/santala-devi-temple-dehradun |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=dehraduntourism.co.in}}</ref> the daughter of a [[Nepali people|Nepalese]] king, fled to Dehradun with her brother Santaur Singh to escape a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] king who wished to marry her. When the Mughal forces found and attacked them, the siblings fought bravely but soon realized they could not win. They prayed for divine help, and a bright light appeared, transforming them into stone idols while blinding the Mughal soldiers. The temple was later built at this site, which became a well-known landmark in Dehradun.

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|30.40174|78.03057|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dehradun district]]

Bal Gandharva

2025-12-17T17:26:49Z

Aryakin2021: improved content after review for consistency

{{short description|Indian Marathi singer and stage actor (1888–1967)}}
{{About||the 2011 film|Balgandharva (film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Bal Gandharva
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Narayan Shripad Rajhans alias Bal Gandharva
| birth_name = Narayan Shripad Rajhans
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1888|06|26}}
| birth_place = Nagthane, Palus taluka, Sangli, Maharashtra [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| origin =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1967|07|15|1888|06|26}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| genre = Musicals ([[Sangeet Natak]])
| occupation = Singer and stage actor
| years_active = 1905–1955
}}

'''Narayan Shripad Rajhans''', popularly known as '''Bal Gandharva''', (26 June 1888 – 15 July 1967) {{Pronunciation|Bal_Gandharva.wav}} was a famous [[Marathi language|Marathi]] singer and stage actor. He was known for his roles as female characters in Marathi plays, since women were not allowed to act on stage during his time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnB2CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT239|title=Two Men and Music: Nationalism in the Making of an Indian Classical Tradition|author=Janaki Bakhle|date=20 October 2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press|page=239|isbn=978-0-19-029024-5 |access-date=20 October 2005}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_bal-gandharva-is-an-awkwardly-paced-unevenly-executed_1540077 Balgandharva is awkwardly paced, unevenly executed] DNA 6 May 2011</ref>

Bal Gandharva got his name after a singing performance in Pune. [[Lokmanya Tilak]], a social reformer and a freedom fighter of the [[Indian independence movement]] was in the audience, and after the performance, reportedly patted Rajhans on the back and said that Narayan was a ''"Bal Gandharva"'' ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} Young [[Gandharva]]).<ref name="EPW1998">{{cite journal|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|title=Stri Bhumika Female Impersonators and Actresses on the Parsi Stage|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1998/35/special-articles/stri-bhumika-female-impersonators-and-actresses-parsi-stage.html|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|date=29 August 1998|volume=33|issue=35|page=2295|via=[[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]]}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Narayan Shripad Rajhans was born into a [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family to Shripad Rajhans and his wife Annapurnabai Rajhans.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kincaids, two generations of a British family in the Indian civil service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrtHAAAAMAAJ|author=Aruṇa Ṭikekara|page=237|publisher=Promilla & Co.|year=1992| isbn=9788185002132 |quote=Bal Gandharva alias Narayanrao Rajhans was a Deshastha Brahmin and not a Chitpavan.}}</ref> He was born in the Nagthane village of [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]] taluka of Sangli district in what is now the state of [[Maharashtra]].

Bal Gandharva married twice. At a very young age, he was married to Lakshmibai, a lady from his own Deshastha Brahmin community and hailing from a respectable family with similar background, in a match arranged by their parents in the usual Indian tradition. The marriage, which was entirely harmonious and conventional, lasted until the death of Lakshmibai in 1940, after more than thirty-five years of marriage. Eleven years later, in 1951, Bal Gandharva married Gauharbai Karnataki (perhaps better known simply as Gohar Bai, and not to be confused with Gauhar Jaan Indian dancer from Kolkata), sister of the famous singer-actress [[Amirbai Karnataki]]. Gauharbai hailed from a family full of singers and dancers, and was a Muslim. She had made a career for herself as a stage actress with help of singing skills, and had worked with Narayanraao in theatrical productions, which is how they had fallen in love with each other. The marriage of a woman of her background and religion with a Brahmin gentleman was deeply unacceptable in society. Gauharbai was never received into polite society or acknowledged by any member of Narayanrao's family. The marriage remained childless, and Goharbai died in the year of 1964, three years before when Bal Gandharva died.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iicxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT272|title=Gender, Culture, and Performance: Marathi Theatre and Cinema before Independence|author=Meera Kosambi|date=5 July 2017 |publisher=Routledge|access-date=5 July 2017|page=272|isbn=9781351565899 }}</ref>

== Theatre career ==
Narayan Rajhans was born into an ordinary family. He started his singing career at a very young age singing [[bhajans]]. [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur]] noticed his talent and was important in getting young Narayanrao's theatre career off the ground. Shahu Maharaj helped him get treatment for his hearing problems at [[William James Wanless|Miraj Hospital]]. Shahu Maharaj also introduced him to Kirloskar Mandali, the premier Marathi Musical theatre company of that era.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bal Gandharva, the nonpareil thespian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cx5lAAAAMAAJ|page=10|author=Mohan Nadkarni|publisher=National Book Trust|year=1988| isbn=9788123737133 }}</ref>
[[File:Tamboori of Bal Gandharva in Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Pune.jpg|alt=Musical instrument Tamboori on display in a museum behind a glass pane|left|thumb|323x323px|[[Tamboori]] of Gandharva in the collection of [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum|Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Pune]]]]
He started his career with [[Annasaheb Kirloskar|Kirloskar Natak Mandali]] in 1905.<ref name="EPW1998"/> The company was run by Mujumdar and Nanasaheb Joglekar. After Joglekar's death in 1911, there was discontent surrounding Mujumdar's dictatorial and manipulative style.<ref>{{cite book|title=Balgandharva and the Marathi Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoOAAAAIAAJ|author=Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni|publisher=Roopak Books|year=1988|page=47}}</ref> Bal Gandharva, [[Ganesh Bodas|Ganesh Govind ('Ganpatrao') Bodas]] and [[Govindrao Tembe]] left the company in 1913 to form Gandharva Sangeet Mandali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bal Gandharva, the nonpareil thespian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cx5lAAAAMAAJ|page=52|author=Mohan Nadkarni|publisher=National Book Trust|year=1988| isbn=9788123737133 }}</ref> Bal Gandharva became the sole owner of the debt ridden company in 1921.<ref name="Sangeet Natak, Issues 83-86">{{cite book|title=Sangeet Natak, Issues 83-86|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi|year=1987|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m56fAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> The debt was paid off in seven years' time. However, Narayanrao, dissolved the company when it again accumulated debt over the next 6–7 years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bal Gandharva, the nonpareil thespian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cx5lAAAAMAAJ|page=77|author=Mohan Nadkarni|publisher=National Book Trust|year=1988| isbn=9788123737133 }}</ref> Bal Gandharva signed a contract with [[Prabhat Film Company]] to make six films. However, the contract came to an end after just one film ''[[Dharmatma (1935 film)|Dharmatma]]'' (1935). The film was a major departure for Bal Gandharva in the sense that he played the main role of [[Eknath|Sant Eknath]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsKR1RKoJKUC&pg=PA76|title=Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema|page=76|author=Rachel Dwyer|date=27 September 2006 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134380701 |access-date=27 September 2006}}</ref>

Bal Gandharva revived his drama company in 1937. With Narayanrao increasingly ill at ease in female roles owing to his advancing years, the company looked for an actress to play female roles and found Gohar Karnataki in April 1938. Bal Gandharva soon formed an intimate relationship with Gohar Karnataki, also known as Gauhar Bai, that scandalized traditional Maharashtrian society at that time.<ref name="Sangeet Natak, Issues 83-86"/> His brother Bapurao Rajhans left the company to protest against Gohar's entry in Gandharva Sangeet Mandali and Bal Gandharva's life, when it became clear that Gohar would have a major say in the company's stewardship.<ref>{{cite book|title=Balgandharva and the Marathi Theatre|author=Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni|publisher=Roopak Books|page=127|year=1988}}</ref>

Bal Gandharva acted in 27 classic Marathi plays and played a big part in making ''[[Sangeet Natak]]'' (musicals) and [[Natya Sangeet]] (the music in those musicals) popular among common masses. He was a disciple of [[Bhaskarbuwa Bakhale]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktS00KztX3YC&pg=PA18|title=Aesthetics of Agra and Jaipur Traditions|author=Babanarāva Haḷadaṇakara|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2001|page=18}}</ref> Bakhale scored music for his drama Swayamwar. [[Govindrao Tembe]] scored music for Manapman.<ref>{{cite book|title=Maharashtra, Land and Its People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bl90u5lmwRAC|publisher=Government of Maharashtra|year=2009|page=393}}</ref> In later years, Bal Gandharva's composer of choice was [[Krishnarao Phulambrikar|Master Krishnarao]] (Krishnarao Phulambrikar).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Routledge|access-date=10 July 2014|page=52|isbn=9781135943189 }}</ref>

The songs rendered by him are regarded as classics of Marathi [[Natya Sangeet]] and his singing style is greatly appreciated by Marathi critics and audiences.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lokrajya, Volume 36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DkMpkEjobgC|page=61|publisher=Directorate-General of Information and Public Relations|year=1980}}</ref> The Marathi stage was facing difficult times after the death of Bhaurao Kolhatkar in 1901. Bal Gandharva revived it. His famous contemporaries include [[Keshavrao Bhosale]] (known as "Sangeet-Surya") and [[Deenanath Mangeshkar]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA160|page=160|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2005| isbn=9788172017989 }}</ref>

He acted in plays written by [[Annasaheb Kirloskar]], [[Govind Ballal Deval]], [[Shripad Krushna Kolhatkar]], [[Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar]], [[Ram Ganesh Gadkari]], [[Vasant Shantaram Desai]].

Bal Gandharva died on 15 July 1967.

== Legacy ==
* [[Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir]], a theatre auditorium in the city of Pune was named in his honour. It was built by Pune Corporation in 1968 with the initiative of the famous Marathi author and Balgandharva's fan, P. L. Deshpande {Purushottam Laxman Deshpande}. It was inaugurated by Acharya [[Pralhad Keshav Atre]]. Balgandharva's very own hands contributed to the foundation of this play theatre, while he was alive.
* The movie ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'' portraying the life-journey of Balgandharva was released by Chandrakant Productions in May 2011.

== Roles ==
His famous roles include :
* Bhamini in Manapman(1911)
* Rukmini in Swayamwar(1916)
* Sindhu in Ekach Pyala(1920)
* Sharada in [[Sangeet Sharada]](1909)
* Vasantsena in Mruchchakatika

== Awards ==
* In 1955, Bal Gandharva received the coveted "President's Award", now known as the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], the highest musical honour in India from the then [[President of India]].
* In 1964, Bal Gandharva received The [[Padma Bhushan]] Award, the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=July 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Biography ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=X55UcgAACAAJ&q=Bal+Gandharva Bal Gandharva: the nonpareil thespian] Author- Mohan Nadkarni, Publisher-National Book Trust, 2002, Length – 77 pages
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoOAAAAIAAJ&q=Bal+Gandharva+Biography Balgandharva and the Marathi theatre] Author- Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni, Publisher- Roopak Books, 1988, Length- 159 pages
* Asa Balgandharva [http://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books/Details/5030316922931647114] Author- [[Abhiram Bhadkamkar]], publisher- Rajhans Prakashan, 2011, length- 416 pages

== Also read ==
* [[Sangeet Natak]]
* [[Natya Sangeet]]
* [[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva Film]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bal Gandharva}}
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20020428094933/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/06/stories/0206000p.htm Documenting a forgotten legend – The Hindu newspaper]}}
*[http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/ellpatke/Miscellany/bal%20gandharva.htm List of Bal Gandharva's songs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613033550/http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/ellpatke/Miscellany/bal%20gandharva.htm |date=13 June 2011 }}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{Marathi Theatre}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandharva, Bal}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Marathi-language singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Indian male musical theatre actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]

Ujiarpur Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-14T11:26:38Z

Aryakin2021: started entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Bihar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Ujiarpur
| state = [[Bihar]]
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| established = 2009
| reservation = None
| mp = {{Wdib|qid=Q131902620|P991|fwd=ALL|qual=ALL|rank=b}}
| incumbent_image = Nityanand Rai (cropped).jpg
| incumbent_image_size =
| party =
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance |NDA]]
| latest_election_year =
| preceded_by = [[Ashwamedh Devi]] [[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.svg|20px]] {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
|assembly_cons =[[Patepur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patepur]] [[Ujiarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]] [[Morwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Morwa]] [[Sarairanjan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarairanjan]] [[Mohiuddinnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohiuddinagar]] [[Bibhutipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bibhutipur]]
}}
'''Ujiarpur''' is one of the 40 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Bihar]] state in eastern [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 2008, following [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of the parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618112359/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> All the six assembly constituency which constitute Ujiarpur [[Lok Sabha]] constituency are dominated by [[Kushwaha]]s(2 lakhs) and [[Yadav]]s(1.8 lakhs) equally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/apr/26/ujiarpur-youth-roots-for-development--though-caste-still-an-important-factor-1969062.html|title=Ujiarpur youth roots for development, though caste still an important factor|website=newindianexpress|accessdate=13 May 2023|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107224142/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/apr/26/ujiarpur-youth-roots-for-development--though-caste-still-an-important-factor-1969062.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/kushwahas-find-leader-in-upendra/cid/179873|title=Kushwahas found a leader in Upendra|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=7 October 2023}}</ref>

==Caste and communities==
The Ujiarpur constituency has nearly 2 lakh [[Kushwaha]] and 1.8 lakh [[Yadav]] voters. Constituency was once won by [[Alok Kumar Mehta]] in 2004, but he lost to [[Ashwamedh Devi]], the widow of veteran Kushwaha leader Pradip Mahto in 2009. Nityanand Rai of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] is representing the seat since 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/ujiarpur-grapples-with-new-caste-equations-delimitation-changes-constituency-s-constitution-not-its-share-of-problems/cid/180458|title=ujiarpur-grapples-with-new-caste-equations-delimitation-changes-constituency-s-constitution-not-its-share-of-problems|website=The Telegraph|access-date=2020-09-14|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911134613/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/ujiarpur-grapples-with-new-caste-equations-delimitation-changes-constituency-s-constitution-not-its-share-of-problems/cid/180458|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
From the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, Ujiarpur Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments, which are:<ref name=commission>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India |work = Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 |archive-date = 5 October 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
!colspan="2"| 2024 lead
|-
|130
|[[Patepur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patepur]] (SC)
|[[Vaishali district|Vaishali]]
|[[Lakhendra Kumar Raushan|Lakhendra Raushan]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|[[BJP]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|134
|[[Ujiarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]
|[[Alok Kumar Mehta|Alok Mehta]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|135
|[[Morwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Morwa]]
|Ranvijay Sahu
|-
|136
|[[Sarairanjan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarairanjan]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary|Vijay Chaudhary]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|-
|137
|[[Mohiuddinnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohiuddinagar]]
|[[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Bihar politician)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|[[BJP]]
|-
|138
|[[Bibhutipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bibhutipur]]
|[[Ajay Kumar Kushwaha ]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|-
|}
{{noteslist}}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ujiarpur (Bihar) Lok Sabha Election Results, Winning MP and Party Name 2019, 2014, 2009|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/banka.html|access-date=|website=www.elections.in|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163211/https://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/banka.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Until 2008 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election in Bihar|2009]]
|[[Ashwamedh Devi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Nityanand Rai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Ujiarpur<ref name="Ujiarpur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Ujiarpur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/bihar/ujiarpur |access-date=16 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116145944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/bihar/ujiarpur |archive-date=16 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nityanand Rai]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=5,15,965|percentage=49.51|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Alok Kumar Mehta]]|party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|votes=4,55,863|percentage=43.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=23,269|percentage=2.23|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=60,102|percentage=5.76|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,42,749|percentage=59.64|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =Bharatiya Janta Party
|loser =Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Ujiarpur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/bihar/ujiarpur-election-result-s04p22/|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019 Ujiarpur|website=news18|accessdate=24 June 2022|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625162937/https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/bihar/ujiarpur-election-result-s04p22/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020015139/https://eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nityanand Rai]]|votes=5,43,906|percentage=56.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|candidate=[[Upendra Kushwaha]]|votes=2,66,628|percentage=27.51|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Ajay Kumar (Bihar politician)|Ajay Kumar]]|votes=27,577|percentage=2.85|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Mamta Kumari|votes=23,590|percentage=2.43|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=14,434|percentage=1.49|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,77,278|percentage=28.60|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=9,69,862|percentage=60.15|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Ujiarpur<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006055629/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nityanand Rai]]
|votes = 3,17,352
|percentage= 36.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Alok Kumar Mehta]]
|votes = 2,56,883
|percentage = 29.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Ashwamedh Devi]]
|votes = 1,19,669
|percentage = 13.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Ramdeo Verma]]
|votes = 53,044
|percentage = 6.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dharmendra Sahani
|votes = 15,198
|percentage = 1.77
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,171
|percentage = 0.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 60,469
|percentage = 7.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,58,925
|percentage = 60.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Ujiarpur<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172903/https://eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Ashwamedh Devi]]
|votes = 1,80,082
|percentage = 31.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Alok Kumar Mehta
|votes = 1,54,770
|percentage = 27.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ram Deo Verma
|votes = 58,900
|percentage = 10.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sheel Kumar Roy
|votes = 43,038
|percentage = 7.63
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Jitendra Kumar Roy
|votes = 42,279
|percentage = 7.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,312
|percentage = 4.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,64,199
|percentage = 45.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Darbhanga Division topics}}
{{coord|25.8|85.8|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Samastipur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Vaishali district]]

2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings

2025-12-14T10:22:25Z

Aryakin2021: corrected structure per sources for accuracy

{{Short description|Bombings targetting lawyers in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox terrorist attack
| title = 23 November 2007 Uttar Pradesh Serial Blasts
| image = UttarPraseshSerialBlasts.png
| caption = Three cities of [[Uttar Pradesh]] where bombs were planted
| location = [[Lucknow]], [[Varanasi]] and [[Faizabad]], India
| target = [[District Courts of India]]
| date = 23 November 2007
| time-begin = 13:05
| time-end = 13:32
| timezone = [[UTC]]+5:30
| type = [[Bombing]]s
| weapons = [[Improvised explosive devices]] made with [[Ammonium nitrate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/23court7.htm|title=Ammonium nitrate used in UP serial blasts|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> and [[RDX]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20071125/832278.html|title=Police clueless about Uttar Pradesh blasts, RDX use confirmed|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-date=24 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524145720/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20071125/832278.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| fatalities = 18
| injuries = 81
| perps = [[Indian Mujahideen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/mujahideen-claims-responsibility-for-up-blasts/52882-3.html|title=Indian Mujahideen claims responsibility for UP blasts|date=23 November 2007|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]] (also suspected)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1112089|title=national - News - msn|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125164753/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1112089|archive-date=25 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| accused = 4
| convicted = 2
| verdict = [[Life sentence]]
| charges = [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]]
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in India (since 2001)}}
{{wikinews|Blasts rocked courts in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
Six consecutive serial blasts rocked [[Lucknow]], [[Varanasi]] and [[Faizabad]] courts in [[Uttar Pradesh]] on 23 November 2007 afternoon in a span of 25 minutes, in which reportedly many people were killed and several others injured.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070033741&ch=11/23/2007%202:07:00%20PM Blasts in Lucknow, Varanasi, Faizabad]</ref>

Bombs were explicitly targeted to the lawyers who were working in courts premises at these cities. The first blast occurred in Varanasi civil court and [[collectorate]] premises between 13:05 and 13:07 pm. Two successive blasts occurred in Faizabad [[District Courts of India|district court]] around 13:12 and 13:15, closely followed by one at Lucknow at 13:32.

In December 2019, 2 (Tariq Quasim and Mohammad Akhtar) of the 4 accused were given a life sentence by a special anti-terror court in Faizabad for carrying out the attacks under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]], while one was acquitted and another had died in police custody.<ref>{{cite web |title=Two get life term for 2007 twin bomb blasts in Faizabad court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/two-get-life-term-for-2007-twin-bomb-blasts-in-faizabad-court/article30369829.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=21 December 2019}}</ref>

==Lucknow blasts==
In [[Lucknow]] two bomb were found one triggered panic after explosion and other unexploded powerful live bomb was deactivated by bomb disposal squads. Both the bombs were planted in [[bicycles]] in civil court premises. Lucknow blast was mildest among all other blasts in Faizabad and Varanasi.

==Varanasi blasts==
Three consecutive blasts claimed the most lives in [[Varanasi]]; at least 11 people were killed, including four lawyers and 42 injured. Bombs were tied to [[bicycles]] which exploded around 13:05–13:15.

==Faizabad blasts==
Two successive blasts occurred in [[Faizabad]], which were strongest among all. In these blasts at least four people were killed on the spot, and about 15 were injured.

==Terror mail just before blasts==
A little-known group [[Indian Mujahidin]] has claimed responsibility of these blasts. This group apparently sent an email to some private TV channels just five minutes before the blasts. This email says the [[jihad]] in [[India]] is in retaliation against the injustice to [[Muslims in India]], the demolition of the [[Babri Masjid]] and the [[2002 Gujarat violence|Gujarat riots]].

Indian Mujahideen also claimed responsibility for the [[29 October 2005 Delhi bombings|blasts in Delhi]] [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings|and Hyderabad]] but refused any association with the attacks on the [[18 May 2007 Mecca Masjid bombing|Mecca Masjid]], the [[2007 Samjhauta Express bombings|Samjhauta Express]] and the [[2006 Malegaon blasts]].

==HuJI's hand suspected ==
Investigating agencies suspect the hand of [[Bangladesh]] based terrorist outfit [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]](HuJI) pointsman who goes by the name Guru has emerged as a prime suspect. Intelligence agencies suspect that Guru may have planned the attacks executed by sleeper cells of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] possibly under the banner of [[al-Qaida-fil-al-Hindi]] (meaning al-Qaida in India).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1114394|title=national - News - msn|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126054257/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1114394|archive-date=26 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Lawyers' strike to protest blasts==
Bar Council of [[Uttar Pradesh]] decided to go on strike to protest against these terrorist activities. In the state capital, lawyers moved about in groups in the court compounds and raised slogans against terrorism. The government has tightened security arrangements in the courts throughout the state after the Friday blasts. Lawyers from other states also join state bar council and observing the day as shok{{typo help inline|reason=similar to shook|date=July 2021}} diwas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.indiainfo.com/2007/11/26/0711261538_blasts-lawyers.html |title=Lawyers strike in UP against blasts |access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518085145/http://news.indiainfo.com/2007/11/26/0711261538_blasts-lawyers.html |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Reactions==
*The [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Ministry of India]] said it's a terrorist strike meant to disturb [[communal harmony]].
* The [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], [[Mayawati]] condemned serial blasts and announced a compensation of Rs.200,000 to the next of kin to each of those killed and Rs.50,000 for those injured in the incidents. She also said that it is a complete failure of central [[intelligence agencies]].<ref>[http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/national/general/5_1_3929206.html धमाकों की साजिश सुनियोजित: मायावती] {{in lang|hi}}</ref>
* The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]] condemned serial blasts and announced a compensation of Rs.100,000 from the [[The Prime Minister's National Relief Fund|Prime Minister's National Relief Fund]] to kin of each of those killed in blasts.
*British [[List of High Commissioners from the United Kingdom to India|High Commissioner to India]] [[Richard Stagg]] said in a statement ''"We condemn all forms of terrorism. It is a particularly worrying development that the judiciary and the legal system have been attacked. Our thoughts are with the affected families"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaenews.com/india/20071123/82276.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025400/http://www.indiaenews.com/india/20071123/82276.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 July 2011|title=Latest news from India - India eNews|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Terrorism in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uttar Pradesh bombings}}

[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:2007 mass murders]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2007|Uttar Pradesh serial blasts]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of Varanasi]]
[[Category:Improvised explosive device bombings in India]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2007]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian Mujahideen attacks]]
[[Category:Faizabad]]
[[Category:History of Lucknow]]

Lodha people

2025-11-21T21:42:21Z

Aryakin2021: slightly expand details to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Short description|Tribal group of West Bengal and Odisha}}
{{For|the social group in Rajasthan and Gujarat|Lodha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| native_name = Lodha
| image =
| image_caption =
| region1 = [[West Bengal]]
| pop1 = 108,707{{efn|name=Lodha-Kharia}}<ref name=Stat2013>{{Cite report |title=Statistical profile of scheduled tribes in India 2013 |url=http://www.tribal.nic.in/ST/StatisticalProfileofSTs2013.pdf |publisher=Minister of tribal affairs: statistics division, Govt of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522175435/https://tribal.nic.in/ST/StatisticalProfileofSTs2013.pdf |archive-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>
| region2 = [[Odisha]]
| pop2 = 9,785<ref name=Stat2013/>
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| languages = [[Lodhi language|Lodhi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Kharia language|Kharia]], [[Sadri language|Sadri]]{{efn|name=Lodha-Kharia}}
| religions = [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]]
| related = [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Lodha Muslims]], [[Sabar people|Sabar]], [[Kharia people|Kharia]]
}}

The '''Lodha people''' (often [[Honorific| honorifically]] '''Sabar''' and '''Savar''')<ref>{{cite web|first=Proggya |last=Ghatak |date= January 2011|title=PROBLEMS OF TRIBAL IDENTITY: A Case Study of Savara & Lodha Tribes of West Bengal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286238788}}</ref> are a [[Scheduled Tribe]] and [[particularly vulnerable tribal group]] of India, inhabiting primarily [[West Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. Lodhas of West Bengal mostly live in the [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] and [[Jhargram district|Jhargham]] districts. A section of the Lodha has converted to [[Islam]], and formed a distinct community called the [[Lodha Muslims]].

==Demographics==
As per 2001 census, Lodhas numbered 84,966 and formed 1.9 per cent of the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribe]] population of West Bengal. They had a literacy rate of 34.8 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_westbengal.pdf |title=West Bengal: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date=26 September 2009 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> As per the 2011 census, the Lodhas population is 108,707 and 9,785 in West Bengal and Odisha respectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Historical number of Lodha tribe
! Census year
! West Bengal{{efn|name=Lodha-Kharia|The Lodha tribe primarily inhabits in undivided [[Paschim Medinipur]] and [[Mayurbhanj]], with populations of 51,772 and 5,523 respectively, according to the 2011 Census. Linguistically, they lack a distinct mother tongue and typically speak Bengali or Odia. Their total population is recorded as 108,707 in West Bengal and 9,785 in Odisha. The elevated figure in West Bengal includes the [[Kharia people|Kharia tribe]], who are not separately recognised as a [[Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal|Scheduled Tribe]] and are listed alongside the Lodha.{{sfn|Bhowmick|1963|at=Introduction pp. xii}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kolay |first1=Swapan Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAVjEQAAQBAJ |title=Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of India: Livelihood Patterns and Development Strategies (Volume 1) |last2=Khatua |first2=Nilanjan |date=2024-01-01 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-93-5594-863-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FySTvgsdkM0C&pg=PA119 |title=Reproductive Child Health |date=2002 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-323-0 |language=en}}</ref> A large number of Kharia migrated to West Bengal, particularly to [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] , where they number 34,481, including 3,180 Kharia speakers and 29,004 Sadri speakers.}} !! {{Tooltip|±%|Decadal growth rate}}
! Odisha !! {{Tooltip|±%|Decadal growth rate}}
|-
!1901<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06YJAAAAIAAJ |title=Census of India, 1901: Bengal (4 v.) |date=1902 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="3" |8,173 || —
|-
!1911<ref>Census of India, 1911, Vol. V; Bengal; Part II.-Tables</ref>
|colspan="3" |7,403 || —
|-
!1921<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 4 West Bengal - Census 1951 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30197/download/33378/21104_1951_POP.pdf}}</ref>
|colspan="3" style="background:#ebecf0" | n/a || —
|-
!1931<ref>{{cite web|title= Tables, Part II, Vol-V, Bengal & Sikkim - Census 1931|publisher= |page=234 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32437/download/35618/25392_1931_TAB.pdf}}</ref>
|11,001 || —
|{{n/a|n/a}} || —
|-
!1941<ref>{{cite web|title=Census Of India 1941, Vol-IV, Bengal - Census 1941 |url= https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28410/download/31592/25425_1941_CAS.pdf|page=5}}</ref>
|11,641 || 5.8
|{{n/a|n/a}} || —
|-
!1951<ref>{{cite web|title= The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal, Land and Land Revenue Department - Census 1951|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32381/download/35562/41834_1951_TRI.pdf}}</ref>
|8,346 || -28.4
|{{n/a|n/a}} || —
|-
! 1961<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tables on Scheduled Tribes, Part V-A (ii), Vol-XVI, West Bengal & Sikkim |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32455/download/35636/21541_1961_ST.pdf}}</ref>
| 40,898 || 390.7
| 2,370 || —
|-
! 1971
| 45,906 || 12.2
| 3,891 || 64.2
|-
! 1981
| 53,718 || 17.0
| 5,100 || 31.1
|-
! 1991
| 68,095 || 26.8
| 7,458 || 46.2
|-
! 2001
| 84,966 || 24.7
| 8,905 || 19.4
|-
! 2011
| 108,707 || 27.9
| 9,785 || 9.9
|}

The Lodhas of Odisha are primarily found in Suliapada and Morada blocks of Baripada sub-division of Mayurbhanj district of Orissa.<ref>{{cite web |url =http://mayurbhanj.nic.in/tribe.htm
|title = Mayurbhanj, Tribal languages, festivals and culture| access-date = 26 September 2009 }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
| caption = Religions of Lodhas (census 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|access-date=3 November 2019|website=census.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114034625/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |archive-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>
| label1 = Hinduism
| value1 = 86.58
| color1 = orange
| label2 = Christianity
| value2 = 12.06
| color2 = dodgerblue
| label3 = Sarna
| value3 = 0.83
| color3 = saddlebrown
| label4 = Islam
| value4 = 0.23
| color4 = green
| label5 = Sari Dharma
| value5 = 0.06
| color5 = goldenrod
| label6 = Religion not stated
| value6 = 0.15
| color6 = pink
| other = yes
| other-color=grey
}}

{{Pie chart
| caption = Languages spoken by Lodhas (census 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=ST-15: Scheduled tribe by mother tongue (for eac astribe separately) (State/UT level), West Bengal - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/12551/download/15664/ST-19-00-15-DDW-2011.XLSX |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value1 = 57.61
| label2 = [[Sadri language|Sadan/Sadri]]{{efn|name=Lodha-Kharia}}
| value2 = 26.53
| label3 = [[Kharia language|Kharia]]{{efn|name=Lodha-Kharia}}
| value3 = 6.59
| label4 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| value4 = 5.51
| label5 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
| value5 = 0.71
| label6 = [[Hindi]]
| value6 = 0.63
| label7 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh/Oraon]]
| value7 = 0.36
| label8 = [[Savara language|Savara]]
| value8 = 0.27
| other = yes
| other-color=grey
}}

==Focus==
Lodha means piece of flesh named after their ancestor. Lodhas have been in the focus of anthropologists and social activists.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3TqmBoQnf4C&q=Lodha+tribe&pg=PA219 |title = Rise of anthropology in India: a social science orientation, Volume 1 By Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi |access-date=26 September 2009 |last1=Vidyarthi |first1=Lalita Prasad| year=1978}}</ref> During the early period of their rule, the British government in India oppressed the tribal people of [[Jungle Mahals]], who were traditionally dependent upon the forests for a living. They had revolted but were ruthlessly suppressed. Having been deprived of their livelihood and without any alternatives, they took to criminal ways of life and were subsequently branded a criminal tribe. They should properly be labelled as uprooted rebels. Lodha titles are Nayek, Mallick, Digar, Sardar, Bhokta, Kotal, Dandapat, Bhunya etc. These titles were also used by the [[Sabar people|Sabars]].<ref>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 201-203, Prakash Bhaban</ref> One of the most important research on the Lodhas was done by a Calcutta University faculty, [[Prabodh Kumar Bhowmick]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhowmick |first1=P. K. |title=Rehabilitation of a 'Denotified Community': The Ex-Criminal Lodhas of West Bengal |journal=RAIN |date=1981 |issue=44 |pages=6–8 |doi=10.2307/3032233 |jstor=3032233 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhowmick |first=P. K. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.220392 |oclc=582340536 |title=The Lodhas of West Bengal. A Socio-Economic Study |publisher=Punthi Pustar Publishing |year=1963 }}</ref> Much later, researchers from the Department of Anthropology at Vidyasagar University have done empirical studies on the development scenario of the Lodha tribe in Mendinpur district<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/7999059|title = Lodhas of West Bengal : A Case Study|journal = Tribal Tribune |volume=6 |issue=2 |year=2014|last1 = Guha|first1 = Abhijit}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Panda |first1=Santanu |last2=Guha |first2=Abhijit |title=Ground realities of Development among the Lodhas in West Bengal |journal=South Asian Anthropologist |date=31 March 2013 |volume=13 |pages=75–84 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257221844}}</ref> who were by that time declared as a 'Primitive Tribal Group' (PTG) by the Government of India.

==See also==
* [[Chuni Kotal]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web|last1=Ota|first1=A.B|last2=Sahoo|first2=A.C|year=2010|title=Lodha|url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx%3FRepositoryNo%3DTRI28-08-2017115420%26file%3DDocs/TRI28-08-2017115420.pdf|access-date=10 February 2019|website=tribal.nic.in|series=Photo handbook|publisher=Scheduled castes and scheduled Tribes Research Training Institute, Bhubaneswar}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|title=Lodha Tribe {{pipe}} Tribes of India |id=lk4X-Yd5TjU }}

{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled tribes of West Bengal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Bihar]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand]]

Charandeep

2025-11-02T09:54:09Z

Aryakin2021: new info

{{short description|Indian actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Hatnote|This is a [[Telugu people|Telugu name]] the family name is ''Surneni''}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charandeep
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|06|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kadapa]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| years_active = 2009–present
| occupation = Actor
| birth_name = Charandeep Surneni
| othername =
| height = 6’4”
| website =
| spouse = Vennela <ref name="Wedding invite in Charandeep style">{{cite news |work=Deccan Chronicle |title=Wedding invite in Charandeep style |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/071116/wedding-invite-in-charandeep-style.html |accessdate=9 November 2021|date=7 November 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109114250/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/071116/wedding-invite-in-charandeep-style.html |archivedate=9 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''Charandeep Surneni''' is an Indian actor who is known for his works in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] film industries. He was noted for his roles in the films like ''[[Jilla]]'', ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/charandeep-likes-playing-powerful-villainous-roles/|title=Charandeep likes playing powerful villainous roles|date=11 March 2015}}</ref> and ''[[Boxer (2015 film)|Boxer]]''.

==Early life==
Charandeep Surneni, also known as Charandeep, was born in [[Kadapa]], [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh.]] Both of his parents are government employees. He completed his B.tech from J.B.Institute of Engineering & Technology and done his MBA from the KGRITM institute. from his childhood he was fascinated about movies and always interested in cultural programs.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Film career==
Charandeep started his film career with a small role in Telugu Movie ''[[Baanam]]'' and later did small roles in a couple of films until he got a break with [[Jilla]] in which he played a negative role opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vijay-is-humility-personified-Charandeep/articleshow/47158581.cms|title=Vijay is humility personified: Charandeep|work=The Times of India}}</ref> After the success of ''[[Jilla]]'' at the box office, Charandeep acted in the Telugu Movie ''Billa Ranga'' where he played a character called Baby and his last film in the year 2014 was [[Vikram Prabhu]] starrer ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Meet-the-new-bad-guy-in-Tollywood/articleshow/21002293.cms|title=Meet the new bad guy in Tollywood|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sigaram-thodu/movie-review/42379652.cms|title=Sigaram Thodu Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Sigaram Thodu by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref> In the year 2015, his first movie was [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]]'s ''[[Pataas]]'' in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] later he has done movies like ''Tungabhadra'' where he played ''Thrimurtulu'' and in ''Vinavayya Ramayya'' he played as Veera Babu, Charandeep also debuted in [[Kannada]] with the movie ''[[Boxer (2015 film)|Boxer]]'' where he played as the main antagonist in the movie,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-calling-Charandeep/articleshow/46561449.cms|title=Tollywood calling Charandeep|website=The Times of India}}</ref> apart from these he has worked with [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]] ace directors like [[S. S. Rajamouli]] and [[Puri Jagannadh]] for the first time, Director [[Puri Jagannadh]] cast him opposite [[Varun Tej]] in the movie [[Loafer (2015 film)|''Loafer'']]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Varun-Tej-has-his-hands-full/articleshow/49597975.cms|title=Varun Tej has his hands full|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/loafer/movie-review/50221108.cms|title=Loafer Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Loafer by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref> and he played as Kalakeya's brother in the film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of films and roles
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Baanam]]'' || Henchman || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| 2011 || ''Kathi'' || Vicky || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014 || ''[[Jilla]]'' || Police Officer Saran || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| ''Billa Ranga'' || Baby || Telugu || credited as Pradeep
|-
| ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]'' || Lawrence || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2015 || ''[[Pataas]]'' || GK's henchman || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Tungabhadra (film)|Tungabhadra]]'' || Thrimurthulu || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Vinavayya Ramayya'' || Veera Babu || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' || Brother of Kalakeya King || Telugu / Tamil ||
|-
|''[[Boxer (2015 film)|Boxer]]'' || || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| ''[[Loafer (2015 film)|Loafer]]'' || Rama || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2016 || ''[[Chuttalabbai]]'' || Police Officer || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kaththi Sandai]]'' || Tamizhselvan's Brother || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi]]'' || Racer Charan || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Eedu Gold Ehe]]''|| Sahadev || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Antham (2016 film)|Antham]]'' || Kalyan || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Santhu Straight Forward]]'' || || Kannada ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2017 || ''[[Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva]]'' || GK's henchman || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' || Brother of Kalakeya King || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Yuddham Sharanam]]'' || DK || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Yaagam'' || Rathaksha || Tamil ||
|-
| ''Sharabha'' || Rathaksha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]'' || [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]] Officer Venkat Rao || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2018 || ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'' || Kidnapper || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Veera (2018 film)|Veera]]'' || Kulla Ponnu Kumar || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Seema Raja]]'' || Puliyampatti Tigers Wrestler || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019 || ''[[Voter (film)|Voter]]'' || Bhanu Shankar's assistant || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|Kalki]]'' || Yadgiri || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021 || ''[[Red (2021 film)|Red]]'' || Babji || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Zombie Reddy]]'' || Sathi Reddy || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[D Block (film)|D Block]]'' || Kali|| Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Gangster Gangaraju]]''|| Basireddy || Telugu ||
|-
|2024
|''[[Thandel]]''
|Suribabu
|Telugu
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|11142066}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charandeep, Surneni}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kadapa district]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

MTV India

2025-08-23T01:19:17Z

Aryakin2021: basic refined intro for clarity also and corrected details for consistency

#REDIRECT [[MTV (India)]]

{{R from move}}

Kapil Parmar

2025-08-09T14:35:08Z

Aryakin2021: added first info w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox judoka
| image = Kapil Parmar in January 2025.jpg
| caption = Parmar in January 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|23 June 2000}}
| birth_place = [[Sehore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India
| hometown = Sehore
| height =
| weight = 60 kg
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Para judo]]
| disability =
| disability_class = [[Para judo#J1 / J2|J1]]
| weight_class = −60 kg
| highestranking = world no.1
| paralympics = [[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]] {{bronze3}}
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[para judo]]}} [[File:Judo pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Judo at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's 60 kg J1|−60 kg J1]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[IBSA World Games|World Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|2023 Birmingham|−60 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Commonwealth Judo Championships|Commonwealth Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|2019 Birmingham|−60 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|Grand Prix}}
{{Medal|Gold|2023 Alexandria|−60 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|−60 kg]]}}
}}

'''Kapil Parmar''' (born 23 June 2000)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/kapil-parmar_2498341 |title=PARMAR Kapil |work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]] |access-date=21 September 2024}} ([https://paris2024.rtve.es/es/paris-2024-paralimpicos/atleta/kapil-parmar_2498341 alternate link])</ref> is an Indian [[Para judo|para-judo]] player.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Para Asian Games: Kokila, Kapil capture silver, bronze in Judo |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/para-asian-games-kokila-kapil-capture-silver-bronze-in-judo20231023203729/ |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=aninews.in |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023151613/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/para-asian-games-kokila-kapil-capture-silver-bronze-in-judo20231023203729/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He clinched the bronze medal at the [[2024 Paralympic Games|2024 Paralympics]] and made history by winning India's first [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medal in judo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavthale |first=Sumeet |date=5 September 2024 |title=Kapil Parmar wins historic Bronze in men's judo; India's medal tally at Paris Paralympics 2024 reach 25 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/other/kapil-parmar-wins-historic-bronze-medal-in-men-s-judo-at-paris-paralympics-2024-2024-09-05-950647 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=indiatvnews.com}}</ref> Parmar has also won gold at the [[Commonwealth Judo Championships|2019 Commonwealth Championships]], gold at the 2023 Grand Prix, bronze at the [[IBSA World Games|2023 World Games]] and silver at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/kapil-parmar-wins-bronze-medal-paris-paralympics-2024-para-judo-men-60kg-j1-result-ippon-score/article68609905.ece/ |title=Paris 2024 Paralympics: Judoka Kapil Parmar wins bronze medal in men's -60kg J1 category |work=The Hindu|date=5 September 2024 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Parmar hails from [[Bhopal]] but trains under coach Munawar Anzar Ali Siddiqui at the Indian Para Judo Academy in [[Lucknow]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=28 August 2023 |title=Lucknow judoka gets bronze in IBSA Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-judoka-gets-bronze-in-ibsa-games/articleshow/103117234.cms |access-date=21 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Parmar won the silver medal at the [[Asian Para Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parkar |first=Ubaid |date=28 October 2023 |title=Asian Para Games 2023 medal tally: Indian winners - full list |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-para-games-2023-hangzhou-india-medal-winners-tally-table |url-status= |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=olympics.com}}</ref> In 2023, he won the gold at the IBSA Judo Grand Prix in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Figueiredo |first=Pedro |date=13 March 2023 |title=Judo: India made history in Egypt |url=https://ibsasport.org/judo-india-made-history-in-egypt/ |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=IBSA International Blind Sports Federation}}</ref> He then won the bronze medal at the IBSA World Games in [[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom|UK]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Meet Para Judo player Kapil Parmar gold medallist |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/meet-para-judo-player-kapil-parmar-gold-medallist |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=Paralympic Committee of India}}</ref> He also won the gold at the [[Commonwealth Games]] in Birmingham.<ref name=":1" /> At the [[2024 Paralympics|2024 Paris Paralympics]], he won the bronze medal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2024 |title=Kapil Parmar scripts history, wins India's first-ever Paralympic medal in judo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/paralympics/story/kapil-parmar-wins-india-first-ever-paralympic-medal-in-judo-2594520-2024-09-05 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Paralympic medalists for India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmar, Kapil}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in judo]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]

Galti Se Mis-Tech

2025-05-04T19:04:13Z

Aryakin2021: new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Galti Se Mis-Tech.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| based_on =
| developer = Ekta Kapoor
| writer =
| director = Puja Banerji Ashutosh Matela
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Anita Hassanandani]] [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi English
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Ekta Kapoor [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 5-6 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[ALT Balaji]]
| released = {{Start date|2018|04|07|df=y}}
}}

'''''Galti Se Mis-Tech''''' is a 2018 [[Hindi]] short [[web series]], created by [[Ekta Kapoor]] for her [[video on demand]] platform [[ALTBalaji]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/altbalaji-announces-galti-se-mis-tech-modern-day-couple-story/ |title=ALTBalaji announces Galti Se Mis-Tech a modern day couple story |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201652/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/altbalaji-announces-galti-se-mis-tech-modern-day-couple-story/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The web series is about a happily sorted couple who love each other's company until a series of technological glitches causes small fights in their marriage.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/galti-se-mis-tech-first-impression-rithvik-dhanjani-anita-hassanandani-5141298/ | title=Galti Se Mis-Tech first impression: Rithvik Dhanjani-Anita Hassanandani's quirky web series makes for a fun watch | newspaper=The Indian Express | first=Sana | last=Farzeen | date= 18 April 2018 | accessdate=5 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/rithvik-dhanjani-and-anita-hassanandani-play-modern-day-couple-in-galti-se-mis-tech/19201165 Rithvik Dhanjani And Anita Hassanandani Play Modern-Day Couple In Galti Se Mis-Tech]</ref>

The series is available for streaming on the [[ALTBalaji|ALT Balaji]] App and its associated websites since its release date.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/galti-se-mistech-trailer-anita-hassanandani-and-rithvik-dhanjanis-tech-rom-com-is-something-you-will-easily-relate-to-watch-video/ Galti Se MisTech trailer: Anita Hassanandani and Rithvik Dhanjani’s tech rom-com is something you will easily relate to]</ref>

==Plot==
The series revolves around Shivam and Dhara, a generation Y couple with technology in their DNA. Their cute and fun relationship thrives on technologies and smartphones. They are sorted out and enjoy their company until a series of technological glitches turns their lovely bond into a complete madhouse. The series explores how the two of them go through this journey of technological savvy world with their cute fights.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rithvik-dhanjani-anita-hassanandani-in-galti-se-mis-tech-5130202/ Rithvik Dhanjani on working with Anita Hassanandani in Galti Se Mis-Tech: It was effortless and a crazy time]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/galti-se-mis-tech-trailer-anita-hassanandani-and-rithvik-dhanjani-s-relationship-mis-techs-will-crack-you-up-1204390-2018-04-04 Galti Se Mis-Tech trailer: Anita Hassanandani and Rithvik Dhanjani's relationship 'mis-techs' will crack you up]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Anita Hassanandani]] as Dhara Sehgal<ref name="Cast">[http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/anita-hassanandani-and-rithvik-dhanjani-star-altbalaji-s-galti-se-mis-tech-180316 Anita Hassanandani and Rithvik Dhanjani to star in ALTBalaji's next titled Galti Se Mis-Tech]</ref>
* [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] as Shivam Chaturvedi<ref name="Cast"/>

==List of Episodes==
* Episode 1: Say Cheese
* Episode 2: Bhadwa Baigan
* Episode 3: I Wanna Exercise
* Episode 4: Thodi Cute Thodi Sweet
* Episode 5: Daru Daru Daru
* Episode 6: Hangover
* Episode 7: Happy & Gay
* Episode 8: Chaddi Ki Shaadi
* Episode 9: Bangkok Calling
* Episode 10: Season Finale: I am Hungry

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Result
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| rowspan="2" | Streaming Awards - April Edition
| ''Best Actress''
| [[Anita Hassanandani]]
| rowspan="2" {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9rUq_Qu8sw4|title=Winners List: Streaming Awards, April 2018 Edition|website=[[YouTube]] |date=11 May 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Best Debut''
| [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://altbalaji.com/show/184 Watch Galti Se Mis-Tech on ALT Balaji website]
* {{IMDb title|tt8223876|Galti Se Mis-Tech}}

{{ALT Balaji Shows}}

[[Category:2018 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:ALTBalaji original programming]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]

Prabha Marathe

2025-04-11T23:28:01Z

Aryakin2021: starting a stub first draft

{{Short description|Indian dancer and choreographer (born 1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
'''Prabha Marathe''' (born 8 October 1936, in [[Pune]]) is an Indian dancer, [[choreographer]], and teacher, best known for founding the [[Kalachhaya Cultural Centre]] in 1965. A student of the [[Kathak dance]] under [[Pandit Birju Maharaj]], she trained at the [[Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra]] in [[New Delhi]], and has been credited with popularising and documenting the techniques of Kathak in [[Maharashtra]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prabha Marathe |url=https://map.sahapedia.org/article/Prabha-Marathe/2659 |website=[[Sahapedia]] |access-date=24 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=This is the end of Kathak: Prabha Marathe remembers her guru Pandit Birju Maharaj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/this-is-the-end-of-kathak-prabha-marathe-remembers-her-guru-pandit-birju-maharaj-101642440640758.html |access-date=24 February 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kothari |first1=Sunil |title=Kathak, Indian Classical Dance Art |date=1989 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-223-9 |page=199 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Banerji |first1=Projesh |title=Dance in Thumri |date=1986 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-212-3 |page=94 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Massey |first1=Reginald |title=India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire |date=2004 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-434-9 |page=263 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pujari |first1=Premlata |title=Women Power in India |date=1994 |publisher=Kanishka Publishers |isbn=978-81-7391-015-9 |page=35 |volume=1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mitoma |first1=Judy |last2=Zimmer |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Stieber |first3=Dale Ann |title=Envisioning Dance on Film and Video |date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-37651-2 |page=395 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marathe, Prabha}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Artists from Pune]]
{{India-artist-stub}}

Mathai

2025-03-28T07:24:14Z

Aryakin2021: starting new entry needs work

'''Mathai''' ({{langx|ml|മത്തായി}}) is a given name or surname, usually the Malayalam variant of [[Matthew (given name)|Matthew]], and may refer to:

* [[Mathai (singer)]] (Sharon Mathai, born 1992), a contestant on season two of American TV series ''The Voice''
* [[Mathai Joseph]], Indian computer scientist
* [[Mathai Manjooran]], Indian freedom fighter from Kerala
* [[A. M. Mathai]]
* [[M. O. Mathai]], Special assistant of the Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru
* [[Ranjan Mathai]]
* [[Varghese Mathai]], mathematician and an Australian Research Council Senior Research Fellow at the University of Adelaide
* [[Wanjira Mathai]] (born 1971), Kenyan environmentalist

==See also==
* [[Matthew (name)]]
*[[Matthai]]

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Given names]]

List of accolades received by Fashion (2008 film)

2025-03-25T10:48:02Z

Aryakin2021: starting a details w/ sources!

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Fashion'' (2008 film)}}
[[File:Priyanka on the ramp for Mijwan fashion show.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Priyanka Chopra]] won several awards, including the [[National Film Award for Best Actress|National]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Filmfare]] awards for Best Actress for her performance in ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''|alt=A photograph of Priyanka Chopra looking forward, smiling and posing for the camera]]
''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]'' is a 2008 [[India]]n drama film directed by [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] and produced by [[UTV Motion Pictures]].<ref name=bh>{{cite web|title=Fashion (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538488 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=23 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828062235/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538488 |archive-date=28 August 2013 }}</ref> The film features [[Priyanka Chopra]] in the lead role, with [[Kangana Ranaut]], [[Mugdha Godse]], [[Arbaaz Khan]] and [[Arjan Bajwa]] in supporting roles as well as several professional fashion models playing themselves.<ref name=bh/><ref name="int">{{cite web|title=Fashion will be my last woman-oriented film |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Fashion-will-be-my-last-woman-oriented-film/Article1-255865.aspx |author=Jha, Subhash K. |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 November 2007 |access-date=27 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005111222/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Fashion-will-be-my-last-woman-oriented-film/Article1-255865.aspx |archive-date= 5 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhandarkar's 'Fashion' to star models in real life roles |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1232625881.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2007 |access-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629084239/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1232625881.html |archive-date=29 June 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Bhandarkar co-wrote the film with [[Ajay Monga]] and [[Anuraadha Tewari]]. Deven Murdeshwar edited the film while the cinematography was provided by Mahesh Limaye. [[Salim–Sulaiman]] composed the musical score, with lyrics written by Irfan Siddiqui and Sandeep Nath.<ref name=bh/> The film focuses on the transformation of Meghna Mathur, an aspiring fashion model played by Chopra, from a small-town girl to a supermodel in the Indian fashion industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madhur Bhandarkar's 'Fashion' unveiled in Mumbai |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/madhur-bhandarkar-s-fashion-unveiled-in-mumbai_5844.htm |publisher=Zee News |date=17 July 2008 |access-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607210915/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/madhur-bhandarkar-s-fashion-unveiled-in-mumbai_5844.htm |archive-date= 7 June 2013 }}</ref>

Produced on a budget of {{INRConvert|180|m}}, ''Fashion'' was released on 29 October 2008 to critical acclaim and box-office success.<ref>{{cite web|title='Fashion' earns Rs.85 mn from in-film advertising |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200810161632.htm |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |work=The Hindu |date=16 October 2008 |access-date=31 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110135738/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200810161632.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chandni Bar, Fashion to be screened in Berlin |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/chandni-bar-fashion-to-be-screened-in-berlin-606742 |author=Indo-Asian News Service |publisher=NDTV |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=2 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913132137/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/chandni-bar-fashion-to-be-screened-in-berlin-606742 |archive-date=13 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top 5 Films at the Box Office|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/Top-5-Films-at-the-Box-Office/articleshow/3756060.cms|author=Malani, Gaurav|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 November 2008|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> It grossed {{INRConvert|600|m|nolink=yes}} and was noted for being commercially successful despite being a [[Woman's film|women-centric]] film with no male lead.<ref>{{cite web|title=December gives some respite with 2 hits |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/december-gives-some-respite-with-2-hits/404989/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=31 December 2008 |access-date=23 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035348/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/december-gives-some-respite-with-2-hits/404989/ |archive-date= 5 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=10 best woman-oriented films of the past decade |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6258 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=9 March 2014 |date=8 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309213949/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6258 |archive-date= 9 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bollywood on heroine overdrive |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article273600.ece?service=print |author=Indo-Asian News Service |work=The Indian Express |date=24 May 2010 |access-date=2 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004050808/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article273600.ece?service=print |archive-date= 4 October 2015 }}</ref> ''Fashion'' received various awards and nominations, with praise for its direction, the performance of the cast, screenplay, editing, musical score, and costume design.

At the [[56th National Film Awards]], Chopra and Ranaut won the awards for [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] respectively. The film received seven nominations at the [[54th Filmfare Awards]], including [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Bhandarkar and [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Bhandarkar, Monga, and Tewari. Chopra and Ranaut also won the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] respectively. Chopra won the [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress Award]] at the 15th [[Screen Awards]], while Ranaut and Godse were nominated for [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]. At the 2009 Star Guild Awards, Chopra, Ranaut and Godse won the [[Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]], [[Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]] and [[Apsara Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] respectively. The film garnered six nominations at the 2009 [[Stardust Awards]], including [[Stardust Award for Film of the Year|Best Film]] and [[Stardust Award for Dream Director|Best Director]] for Bhandarkar.

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards]]{{efn|Also known as Star Guild Awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch: Was Salman Khan joking or just being rude? |work=IBNLive |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-being-plain-rude-599590.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=3 January 2015 |date=29 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805233527/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-being-plain-rude-599590.html |archive-date= 5 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Elxsi Bags Awards |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/tata-elxsi-bags-awards/ |publisher=Box Office India |date=2 April 2013 |access-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221008/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/tata-elxsi-bags-awards/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref>}}
| rowspan="6"|6 December 2009
| [[Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
| {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite web|title=4th Apsara Awards Winners |url=http://apsaraawards.org/4th_apsara_awards_winners.html |publisher=[[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|Apsara Awards]] |access-date=16 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172735/http://www.apsaraawards.org/4th_apsara_awards_winners.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=4th Apsara Awards Nominees |url=http://apsaraawards.org/4th_apsara_awards_nominees.html |publisher=Apsara Awards |access-date=16 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305022328/http://apsaraawards.org/4th_apsara_awards_nominees.html |archive-date= 5 March 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[Apsara Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| {{sort|Godse|[[Mugdha Godse]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Lyricist
| {{sort|Siddique|Irfan Siddique}} for "Mar Jaava"
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Editing
| {{sort|Murdeshwar|Devendra Murdeshwar}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Apsara Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{sort|Dhody|Rita Dhody}}
| {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="7" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="7"|[[54th Filmfare Awards|28 February 2009]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Filmfare: 'Jodha...' bags 5, Priyanka, Hrithik shine |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/filmfare/Filmfare-Jodha-bags-5-Priyanka-Hrithik-shine/articleshow/4205152.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 March 2009 |access-date=27 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903124728/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/filmfare/Filmfare-Jodha-bags-5-Priyanka-Hrithik-shine/articleshow/4205152.cms |archive-date= 3 September 2013 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite episode|title=54th Idea Filmfare Awards|series=Filmfare Awards|network=SET|date=8 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| {{sort|Godse|[[Mugdha Godse]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Bhasin|[[Neha Bhasin]]}} for "Kuch Khaas"
| {{nom}}
|-
| {{sort|Pathak|[[Shruti Pathak]]}} for "Mar Jaava"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}, [[Ajay Monga]], [[Anuraadha Tewari]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |[[10th IIFA Awards|13 June 2009]]
| [[IIFA Best Director Award|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Jodhaa Akbar sweeps IIFA awards |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/jun/15/slide-show-1-winners-at-iifa-awards.htm#1 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=7 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207204828/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/jun/15/slide-show-1-winners-at-iifa-awards.htm |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for the IIFA Awards 2009 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/10/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=29 April 2009 |access-date=2 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222182654/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/10/ |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Best Supporting Actress Award|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Best Story Award|Best Story]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}, [[Ajay Monga]], [[Anuraadha Tewari]]
| {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"| Lions Gold Awards
|14 January 2009
| Favourite Actor in a Leading Role – Female
| rowspan="2" | {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/with-seven-awards-it-s-been-a-fantastic-start-priyanka-chopra/article1-397523.aspx |title=With seven awards, it's been a 'fantastic' start: Priyanka Chopra |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 April 2009 |access-date=27 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090253/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/with-seven-awards-it-s-been-a-fantastic-start-priyanka-chopra/article1-397523.aspx |archive-date= 2 April 2015 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[National Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|[[56th National Film Awards|20 March 2010]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{Won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news |title=56th National Film Awards (2008) |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm56NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=56NFA.pdf |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=15 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130000605/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm56NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=56NFA.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="6"|14 January 2009
| [[Star Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite web|title=15th Star Screen Awards Nominations|url=http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|access-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090121184925/http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html|archive-date=21 January 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 15th Annual Screen Awards|url=http://www.screenindia.com/screenaward09/winners_2009.html|work=Screen|access-date=30 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116160743/http://www.screenindia.com/screenaward09/winners_2009.html|archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=15th Star Screen Awards Nominations (Popular)|url=http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/vote.html|work=Screen|access-date=30 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116075806/http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/vote.html|archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress (Popular Choice)]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| {{sort|Godse|[[Mugdha Godse]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Star Screen Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback]]
| {{sort|Pathak|[[Shruti Pathak]]}} for "Mar Jaava"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Star Screen Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}, [[Ajay Monga]], [[Anuraadha Tewari]]
| {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[Stardust Awards]]
| rowspan="6"|15 February 2009
| [[Stardust Award for Film of the Year|Best Film]]
| ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite episode|title=Stardust Awards 2009|series=Stardust Awards|network=SET MAX|date=28 February 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Dream Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Female|Star of the Year – Female]]
| {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}
| {{Won}}
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Male|Breakthrough Performance – Male]]
| {{sort|Bajwa|[[Arjan Bajwa]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female|Breakthrough Performance – Female]]
| {{sort|Godse|[[Mugdha Godse]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" | V. Shantaram Awards
| rowspan="3" |21 December 2009
| Best Director
| {{sort|Bhandarkar|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Legendary actress Sandhya to be honoured at V Shantaram awards |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/legendary-actress-sandhya-to-be-honoured-at-v-shantaram-awards_49339.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=20 December 2009 |access-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518174844/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/legendary-actress-sandhya-to-be-honoured-at-v-shantaram-awards_49339.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress
| {{sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Female Debut
| {{sort|Godse|[[Mugdha Godse]]}}
| {{nom}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2008]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0964516/awards?ref_=tt_awd Accolades for ''Fashion''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fashion}}
[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film]]

TATA Kestrel

2025-03-18T20:05:24Z

Aryakin2021: further fix content and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[DRDO WhAP]]

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Bharatpedia:Userboxes/Location/India/Cities

2025-03-17T16:22:40Z

Aryakin2021: started a details

{{Wikipedia:Userboxes/Location/navbox}}
{{User India/boxes}}
{{main|Wikipedia:Userboxes/Location/India}}
{{see also|Wikipedia:Userboxes/Location/India/States}}
This gallery includes '''[[Wikipedia:Userboxes|Userbox]] [[Help:Template|templates]] about the [[City|cities]] of [[India]] sorted by state'''.
{{Wikipedia:Userboxes/info}}

== Andhra Pradesh ==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Cuddapah}}
{{yy|User Eluru}}
{{yy|User Rajahmundry}}
{{yy|User in Vijayawada}}
{{yy|User Visakhapatnam}}
{{yy|User Visakhapatnam2}}
{{yyend}}

==Arunachal Pradesh==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Assam==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User:bhaskarbhagawati/Guwahati}}
{{yy|User Jorhat}}
{{yyend}}

==Bihar==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Patna}}
{{yyend}}

==Chhattisgarh==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Delhi==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User New Delhi|comes from|comment=supports custom verb phrases}}
{{yy|LivesInNewDelhi}}
{{yyend}}

==Goa==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Gujarat==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User:Kondi/Userbox/Ahmedabad}}
{{yy|User Ahmedabad}}
{{yy|User Jamnagar}}
{{yy|User Rajkot}}
{{yy|User Surat}}
{{yy|User Vadodara}}
{{yyend}}

==Haryana==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Himachal Pradesh==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Shimla}}
{{yyend}}

==Jammu and Kashmir==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Jammu city}}
{{yy|User Pulwama}}
{{yy|User Srinagar}}
{{yyend}}

==Jharkhand==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Karnataka==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Bangalore}}
{{yy|User Mangalore}}
{{yy|User:Liberal Humanist/my userboxes/Mangalore}}
{{yy|User Mysore}}
{{yy|User Sagar}}
{{yyend}}

==Kerala==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User CLT}}
{{yy|User Kochi}}
{{yy|User Kollam}}
{{yy|User Malappuram}}
{{yy|User Palakkad}}
{{yy|User Thiruvananthapuram}}
{{yy|User Thrissur}}
{{yyend}}

==Ladakh==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Madhya Pradesh==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Bhopal}}
{{yy|User Indore}}
{{yyend}}

==Maharashtra==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Akola}}
{{yy|User Aurangabad}}
{{yy|User Bhusawal}}
{{yy|User Mumbai}}
{{yy|LivesInMumbai}}
{{yy|User Pune}}
{{yy|User Solapur}}
{{yyend}}

==Manipur==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Meghalaya==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Mizoram==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Nagaland==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Odisha==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User:UBX/User Balangir}}
{{yy|User:UBX/User Baleswar}}
{{yy|User Bhubaneswar}}
{{yy|User Cuttack}}
{{yyend}}

==Punjab==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

== Rajasthan ==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Jaipur}}
{{yy|User Udaipur}}
{{yyend}}

==Sikkim==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Gangtok}}
{{yyend}}

==Tamil Nadu==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Ariyalur}}
{{yy|User:Caulifla/Chennai}}
{{yy|User Chennai}}
{{yy|User Coimbatore}}
{{yy|User Cuddalore}}
{{yy|User Dindigul}}
{{yy|User Erode}}
{{yy|User Kanchipuram}}
{{yy|User Karur}}
{{yy|User Krishnagiri}}
{{yy|User Madurai}}
{{yy|User Pudukkottai}}
{{yy|User Salem}}
{{yy|User Thanjavur}}
{{yy|User Thoothukudi}}
{{yy|User Tiruchirappalli}}
{{yy|User Tirunelveli}}
{{yy|User Tiruppur}}
{{yy|User Tiruvallur}}
{{yy|User Tiruvannamalai}}
{{yy|User Vellore}}
{{yyend}}

==Telangana==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User:Ashishbhatnagar72/Userbox/User Hyderabad}}
{{yy|User Hyderabad}}
{{yy|User Hyderabad wide}}
{{yy|User visited Hyderabad}}
{{yy|User Warangal}}
{{yyend}}

==Tripura==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Uttarakhand==
{{yytop}}
{{yyend}}

==Uttar Pradesh==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Barabanki}}
{{yy|User Lucknow}}
{{yy|User:Abhisheks 91/Lucknow}}
{{yy|User:Unitedroad/User Noida}}
{{yy|Eagle Site/Taj Mahal}}
{{yy|User:AKS.9955/Userboxes/VaranasiLive}}
{{yy|User:AKS.9955/Userboxes/VaranasiHail}}
{{yyend}}

== West Bengal ==
{{yytop}}
{{yy|User Asansol}}
{{yy|User Bardhaman}}
{{yy|User Cooch Behar}}
{{yy|User Durgapur}}
{{yy|User Kolkata}}
{{yy|User Kolkata2}}
{{yyend}}

{{Wikipedia:Userboxes/Location/footer}}

[[Category:Userbox galleries|Location/India/Cities]]