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Didwana-Kuchaman district

2026-05-05T15:22:42Z

AryaShah: new a location...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Didwana–Kuchaman district
| image_map = Didwana-Kuchaman in Rajasthan (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Didwana Kuchaman district in Rajasthan
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|District]] of [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ajmer division|Ajmer]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = August 2023
| seat_type = Headquarters
| website = {{url|https://didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in/|Deedwana-Kuchaman District}}
| seat = [[Didwana]]
| government_type = [[Democracy]]
| governing_body = [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| leader_title = District Collector & Magistrate
| leader_name = Avdhesh Meena, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Didwana Kuchaman Administration |url=https://didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/357518/1277/30261 |website=didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Superintendent of Police
| leader_name1 = Richa Tomar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Didwana Kuchaman Administration |url=https://didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/357518/1277/30261 |website=didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>
}}
'''Didwana-Kuchaman district''' is a district in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. [[Didwana]] city serving as the district headquarters.

The district was established on 7 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Cabinet approves formation of 19 new districts, 3 divisions in state |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-cabinet-approves-formation-of-new-districts-divisions-2416503-2023-08-04 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Didwana Kuchaman district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|82.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Rajasthani Muslims|Islam]]|green|16.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Rajasthan|Jainism]]|pink|0.44}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.22}}
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, Didwana-Kuchaman district had a population of 1,625,837. Didwana-Kuchaman district had a sex ratio of 954 females per 1000 males. 359,823 (22.13%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 326,713 (20.10%) and 6,798 (0.42%) of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Nagaur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1030/download/3134/DH_2011_0814_PART_A_DCHB_NAGAUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

[[Hindus]] are the majority religion. [[Muslims]] mainly live in urban areas and are in majority in several towns such as [[Makrana]].

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Didwana Kuchaman district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] |value1 = 77.70 |color1 = firebrick
|label2 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value2 = 17.48 |color2 = maroon
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.40 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 2.20 |color4 = orange
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.22 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 77.70% of the population spoke [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], 17.48% [[Marwari language|Marwari]], 2.40% [[Urdu]] and 2.20% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Rajasthan|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Total population of district as per the [[2011 Census of India]] is as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="5" rowspan="1" |'''Population As per Census 2011<'''('''only 5 Tehsils Makrana, Parbatsar, Nawa, Didwana and Ladnu was present during census''')
|-
|'''Sl No'''
|'''Sub Division'''
|'''Total Population'''
|'''Male Population'''
|'''Female Population'''
|-
|1
|[[Makrana]]
|345,569
|177,715
|167,884
|-
|2
|[[Didwana]]
|397,003
|202,303
|194,700
|-
|3
|[[Nawa, Rajasthan|Nawa]]
|404,910
|208,912
|195,998
|-
|4
|[[Parbatsar]]
|225,413
|114,898
|110,515
|-
|5
|[[Ladnun]]
|252,942
|128,390
|124,552
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |'''Total'''
|'''1,625,837'''
|'''832,218'''
|'''793,649'''
|}

==Tehsils==
'''Presently Tehsils are as follows:'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|Sl No
|Sub Division
| colspan="2" |Tehsil
|-
|1
|[[Makrana]]
|1
|[[Makrana]]
|-
|2
|[[Didwana]]
|2
|[[Didwana]]
|-
|
|
|3
|[[Maulasar]]
|-
|
|
|4
|[[Chhoti Khatu]]
|-
|3
|[[Nawa, Rajasthan|Nawa]]
|5
|[[Nawa, Rajasthan|Nawa]]
|-
|4
|[[Parbatsar]]
|6
|[[Parbatsar]]
|-
|5
|[[Ladnun]]
|7
|[[Ladnun]]
|-
|6
|[[Kuchaman City]]
|8
|[[Kuchaman City]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

{{Districts of Rajasthan}}
{{Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Districts of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Didwana Kuchaman district]]

Gokulanatha

2026-05-05T02:32:53Z

AryaShah: new post

{{Short description|Indian religious scholar (1551 - 1640 or 1647)}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Gokulanātha
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| region = [[Indian philosophy]]
| era =
| image = Gokulnath reading a manuscript.jpg
| caption = Gokulanātha reading a manuscript (early 19th century)
| birth_date = December 14, 1551{{refn|group=note|All [[Vikram Samvat]] life event dates in this article have been converted into the Gregorian calendar using https://www.harysdalvi.com/calcalc. Here the Gregorian date is given on conversion of the Indian calendar date given by Puṣṭi records.}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1641|02|04|1551|12|14}}
| father = [[Vitthalanatha|Viṭṭhalanātha]]
| mother = Rukmiṇī
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
* {{Marriage|Pārvatī|1567}}
}}
| children = {{Plainlist|
* Gopāla
* Viṭṭhalarāya
* Vrajaratana
* 3 daughters}}
| school_tradition = [[Hindu philosophy]], [[Shuddhadvaita]], [[Pushtimarg]], [[Vedanta]]
}}
'''Gokulanātha''' (December 14, 1551 - February 4, 1641) was an Indian religious figure of the [[Pushtimarg|Puṣṭimārga]] sect of [[Vaishnavism]]. Gokulanātha was the fourth son of [[Vitthalanatha|Viṭṭhalanātha]], and was the founder of the fourth house of the Puṣṭimārga. He wrote several theological works in [[Sanskrit]], and is considered the progenitor of the sampradāya's Vārta tradition in the vernacular [[Braj Bhasha]] language.<ref>{{harvnb|Entwistle|1987|p=178}}: "Gokulnath is also the reputed author of the stories (''vārtā'') dealing with the disciples of Vallabha and Vitthalnath. He may well have been the author of some of them, especially those dealing with the disciples of Vallabha, but it seems more likely that they were collected, expanded, and provided with a commentary by Hariray, a grandson of the second son of Vitthalnath."</ref>

== Life ==
Gokulanātha was born on Mārgaśīrṣa suda 7, 1608 [[Vikram Samvat|V.S.]] (December 14, 1551 CE) in the village of Adel, the fourth son of [[Vitthalanatha|Viṭṭhalanātha]], head of the Puṣṭimārga sampradāya.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Gandhi |first=R.H. |date=1964 |title=Śrī Gokulanāthajī's Contribution to Śuddhādvaita Vedānta |degree=PhD |chapter= |publisher=M.S. University of Baroda |docket= |oclc= |access-date= |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/59460 |pages=50}}</ref> Viṭṭhalanātha's father Vallabha had founded the sampradāya. At the age of sixteen Gokulanātha married an eight-year-old girl named Pārvatī. Gokulanātha had six children, the last three of which were boys: Gopāla, Viṭṭhalarāya, and Vrajaratana, of which only Viṭṭhalarāya had any male issue. Viṭṭhalanātha, before his death, distributed seven deities or [[Pushtimarg#Houses and Svarūpas in the Puṣtimārga|svarūpas]] of Kr̥ṣṇa amongst his sons, of which Gokulanātha received the deity Gokulanātha, which had previously been worshiped by the family of Vallabha's wife. After their father's death, Gokulanātha's eldest brother Giridhara ordered the splitting of the family's residences. Gokulanātha had to live separately, and took custody of his youngest brother Ghanaśyāma and nephew Kalyāṇarāya (son of Govindarāya). Gokulanātha once made a journey to [[Gujarat]] where he engaged in preaching and conversion at several sites.{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=R.G. |title=Vallabha Cult and Śrī Harirāyajī (Contributions of Śrī Harirāyajī to Vallabha School) |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |year=2005 |pages=51}}</ref>
[[File:Painting_of_Shri_Gokulnathji_and_sakhis.png|thumb|Mid 19th century painting of the svarūpa Gokulanātha flanked by Rādhā and Candrāvalī.]]
According to sectarian sources, Gokulanātha defended the right of members of the Puṣṭimārga to wear their sectarian [[tilaka]]s and [[Ocimum tenuiflorum|tulasī]] [[Mala (Hinduism)|mālās]] from a Shaiva-Tantric ascetic named Jadrup or Cidrūpa who exerted great influence over the emperor [[Jahangir]]. This incident is considered to be of doubtful historicity by modern scholars.{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964|p=68-98}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Entwistle |first=A.W. |title=Braj: Center of Krishna Pilgrimage |publisher=Egbert Forsten |year=1987 |pages=178}}</ref>

Gokulanātha was also involved in the dispute between his nephews Dvārakeśa (son of Bālakr̥ṣṇa) and Madhusūdana (son of Yadunātha) over the deity Bālakr̥ṣṇa. Bālakr̥ṣṇa's service had been entrusted to Yadunātha by Viṭṭhalanātha, however the deity was jointly worshiped with [[Dwarkadhish Kankroli|Dvārakānātha]] by Yadunātha and his elder brother Bālakr̥ṣṇa. Yadunātha's son Madhūsūdana later wished to worship the deity separately, however Dvārakeśa refused to give Bālakr̥ṣṇa away. Gokulanātha acknowledged Madhusūdana's right to worship the deity separately, but within a year Madhūsūdana wanted to give Bālakr̥ṣṇa back to Dvārakeśa. Gokulanātha then had the cousins sign a contract resulting in Dvārakeśa's custody of Bālakr̥ṣṇa and Madhusūdana's of an alternate idol.<ref>{{harvnb|Entwistle|1987|p=178}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Gandhi|1964|p=120}}</ref>

Gokulanātha initiated his grandnephew [[Harirāy]] (son of Kalyāṇarāya) into the Puṣṭimārga sect.{{Sfn|Shah|2005|p=52}}{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964|p=120}}

Puṣṭi records state that Gokulanātha died on Māgha vada 9, 1608 V.S. (February 4, 1641 CE) at the age of 89.{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964|p=122}} Entwistle places his death in 1640 or 1647 CE.{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=178}}

== Literary works ==

=== Sanskrit ===
Gokulanātha wrote several works in Sanskrit, however lists of his work tend to be incomplete and incorrect. Among his original works include ''Tilakanirṇaya'', ''Vijñāpti'', and ''Śrīvallabhācārya Bhaktānāṁ Nāmāvalī'', however his authorship of these works is doubted by modern historians. He also wrote commentaries on the works of Vallabha and Viṭṭhalanātha, mantras, and other subjects:{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964|p=155-296}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=Karl H. |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Vol. 1: Bibliography |date=2009 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=9788120803084 |page=545-552 |edition=Reprint |url=https://archive.org/details/the-encyclopedia-of-indian-philosophies/1%20Bibliography/page/n543/mode/2up}}</ref>
* Ṭīkā on [[Vallabha]]'s ''Antaḥkaraṇaprabodha''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Bhaktivardhinī''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Nirodhalakṣaṇa''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Puṣṭipravāhamaryādā''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Saṃnyāsanirṇaya''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Sevāphala''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Siddhāntamuktāvalī''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Siddhāntarahasya''
* Bhāṣya on Vallabha's ''Vivekadhairyāśraya''
* Vivaraṇa on Viṭṭhalanātha's ''Vallabhāṣṭaka''<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Shastri |first=Arunchandra D. |title=Puruṣottamajī: A Study |date=1961 |access-date= |degree=PhD |publisher=Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/59207 |oclc= |chapter= |hdl=10603/59207 |docket=|page=214-215}}</ref>

=== Braj Bhasha ===
A series of discourses by Gokulanātha was recorded and compiled by his disciple Kalyāṇ Bhaṭṭ called ''Śrī Gokulnāthjī ke Caubīs Vacanāmr̥ta''. This work details Gokulanātha's speeches which reemphasized Vallabha's teachings in terms of what it means to be a servant or Kr̥ṣṇa and how to perform proper service to him.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Saha |first=Shandip |date= |title=Creating a Community of Grace: A History of the Puṣṭi Mārga in Northern and Western India (1493-1905)|url= |degree=PhD |chapter= |publisher=University of Ottawa |docket= |oclc= |access-date=|page=130-131}}</ref>

==== Vārtā Literature ====
All the prose ''vārtā'' literature in [[Braj Bhasha]] is generally attributed to Gokulanātha. The most important ''vārtā''s are the ''[[Chaurashi Vaishnavan ki Varta|Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavana kī Vārtā]]'' ("Stories of the 84 Vaishavas") and ''Do Sau Bāvana Vaiṣṇavana kī Vārtā'' ("Stories of the 252 Vaishnavas), which depict the lives of the disciples of Vallabha and Viṭṭhalanātha, respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Drocco |first=Andrea |date=June 2017 |title=Rājasthānī Features in Medieval Braj Prose Texts: The Case of Differential Object Marking and Verbal Agreement in Perfective Clauses |journal=Annali di Ca' Foscari. Serie Orientale |volume=53 |pages=211}}</ref> According to Entwistle, while it is possible some of the stories were composed by Gokulanātha, they were revised, expanded, and commented upon by Harirāy.{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=154, 178}}

== Descendants and Disciples ==

=== Descendants ===
The haveli of the svarūpa Gokulanātha currently in is in [[Gokul]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Gokulanātha is a small four-armed metal image. Two of Gokulanātha's arms play a flute, the third is held in the air, and the fourth holds a conch. The image is flanked by icons of [[Rādhā]] and Candrāvalī.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Gates of the Lord: The Tradition of Krishna Paintings |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2015 |editor-last=Ghose |editor-first=Madhuvanti |pages=86}}</ref> The haveli is maintained by Gokulanātha's descendants, who form the fourth house of the Puṣṭimārga. During the reign of [[Aurangzeb]] the Vaishnav deities of Braj left the region, and Gokulanātha was eventually installed in Jaipur in the late 1700s, along with the deities Gokulacandramā and Madanamohana of the fifth and seventh houses of the Puṣṭimārga. At some point Gokulanātha was then taken back to Gokul.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barz |first=Richard |title=The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1992 |edition=3rd |pages=54–55 |orig-date=First edition 1976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nardi |first=Isabella |date=2023 |title=Mobility and Festivity: Krishna Icons and the Reunion of the Seven Svarūps of 1739–40 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=21–34 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2023.2224621 |s2cid=259624329}}</ref>{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=164, 185, 222-223, 427}}

=== Disciples ===
Gokulanātha's followers repeat the phrase "Jai Jai Gokuleś" and wear a different tilak than the other Six Houses. The disciples of Gokulanātha are split into two divisions, the Bharucīs and Nīmaḍīās, The Nīmaḍīās do not differ much from the other six houses and seek initiation from their gosvāmī's seat in Gokul. Unlike the other six houses, the Nīmaḍīā's temples are managed by the devotees themselves rather than the gosvāmī in Gokul. The Bharucīs differ vastly from the other six houses and the Nīmaḍīās, and consider Gokulanātha to be the supreme deity and Vallabha and Viṭṭhalanātha to be his incarnations. They do not attend any Puṣṭimārgīya temples, pay respect to gosvāmīs, worship Kr̥ṣṇa idols, or worship portraits of Gokulanātha. Their objects of worship are Gokulanātha's ''pādukā''s: i.e. items that have been touched by Gokulanātha, e.g. his garments, letters, or hair. Some also worship [[Yamuna in Hinduism|Yamunā]] in a pitcher.{{Sfn|Gandhi|1964|p=418-428}}

==== Notable Disciples ====
Among his disciples include the poet Haridāsa Vaiṣṇava of [[Bharuch]], who authored ''Virahagītā'', ''Anubhavānanda'', ''Bhaktasukhamaṁjarī'', and some ''dhoḷa''s and ''kīrtana''s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śāstrī |first=Keśavarāma Kāśīrāma |title=Kavicarita |publisher=Gujarāta Vidyāsabhā |year=1952 |volume=1-2 |location=Amadāvāda [Ahmedabad] |pages=527}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]

J. Deepa

2026-05-02T16:35:50Z

AryaShah: Started New Data Basic Info

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{notability|Biographies|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Deepa Jayakumar
| image = Deepa.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = J. Deepa Madhavan
| office = [[Secretary (title)|General Secretary]] of M.G.R Amma Deepa Peravai
| term_start = 24 February 2017
| term_end = 30 July 2019
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = ''Position abolished''
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|11|10}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Chennai]])}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = M.G.R Amma Deepa Peravai {{small|(2017 – 2019)}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]] (B.A English) 
[[Madurai Kamaraj University]] (M.A. in journalism and mass communication) 
[[Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation|Vinayaka Missions University]] (mass communication) 
[[Cardiff University]], [[Wales]] (M.A. in international journalism)
| spouse = {{marriage|K. Madhavan|2012}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Sandhya (actress, born 1924)|Sandhya]] (grandmother) [[J. Jayalalithaa]] (paternal aunt)
| profession = {{hlist|Journalist|politician}}
| nickname =
}}

'''Deepa Jayakumar''' (born 10 November 1974), better known as J. Deepa, is a former politician and journalist.<ref name=times>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/jayalalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-floats-mgr-amma-deepa-peravai/articleshow/57331735.cms|title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar floats political outfit 'Mgr Amma Deepa Peravai'|newspaper=Timesofindia|access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref name=hind>{{cite news|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-niece-deepa-jayakumar-announces-new-political-party-in-tamil-nadu/story-4V6iSA0GsmoDSiJYOJ0X0N.html|title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar announces new political party in Tamil Nadu'
|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="mali">[http://www.maalaimalar.com/News/TopNews/2017/02/24181855/1070256/Deepa-announced-new-organization-as-MGR-Amma-Deepa]{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Personal life==
Deepa was born on 10 November 1974<ref name=NDTV>[http://m.ndtv.com/opinion/inheritance-of-loss-1637784 Jayalalithaa Was My Aunt. She Named Me.] NDTV news</ref> to Jayakumar (elder brother of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) and Vijayalakshmi. Her parents got married in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html|title=Inheritance of loss|date=18 December 2016|website=the week|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref> She was schooled in Adharsh Vidyalaya, Chennai. She graduated with a bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Madras.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/candidate.php/candidate.php?myneta_folder=tamilnadu2016&candidate_id=4157&candidate_id=4157|title=Deepa.J(Independent(IND)):Constituency- DR.RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR : BYE- ELECTION ON 12-04-2017(CHENNAI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> She pursued her master's degree in journalism and mass communication in Madurai Kamarajar University.<ref name="auto"/> Later, she worked as a sub-editor in the New Indian Express and then went to the UK in 2010. She completed an M.A. in International Journalism at [[Cardiff University|Cardiff university]], in [[Wales]].

Deepa has a brother Deepak Jayakumar. Deepa's family resided in Veda Nilayam, Poes Garden together with J. Jayalalithaa till 1978.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131|title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight Deepa Jayakumar|last=|first=|date=10 December 2016|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

On 10 November 2022, Deepa announced that she gave birth to her girl child on 31 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|language=ta|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/state/tamil-news-deepa-gave-baby-birth-at-velachery-hospital-532624|title=வேளச்சேரி மருத்துவமனையில் தீபாவுக்கு குழந்தை பிறந்தது|date=5 November 2022|website=maalaimalar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|language=ta|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/chennai/jayalalitha-niece-deepa-jayakumar-confirms-child-birth-daughter-834042.html|title=ஜெயலலிதாவின் அண்ணன் மகள் ஜெ. தீபாவிற்கு பெண் குழந்தை!|date=10 November 2022|website=news18 tamil}}</ref>

== Career ==
After the death of her aunt Jayalalithaa, in front of Deepa's house, state political party [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] volunteers urged her to become party's general secretary, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and requested her to fill the place of her aunt. On 24 February 2017, on the occasion of Selvi. Jayalalithaa's birthday, she launched MGR Amma Deepa Peravai. She changed her federation name to AIADMK J. Deepa wing, a team of AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-niece-deepa-jayakumar-announces-new-political-party-in-tamil-nadu/story-4V6iSA0GsmoDSiJYOJ0X0N.html|title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar announces new political party in Tamil Nadu|date=24 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Husband K. Madhavan supports her with the federation, and is its Deputy General Secretary.

On 12 April 2017, she filed her nomination for R.K Nagar by-poll as an MAD Peravai candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rk-nagar-bypoll-deepa-jayakumar-declares-assets-worth-rs-3-05-crore-4583720/|title=RK Nagar bypoll: Deepa Jayakumar declares assets worth Rs 3.05 crore|date=24 March 2017}}</ref> The by-poll was later cancelled. She filed again for the [[Radhakrishnan Nagar Assembly constituency#2017 By-election|21 December 2017 R. K Nagar by-election]]. Her nomination was rejected by the returning officer. Sources said Deepa's affidavit was not in order and that she had not filled all the columns, specifically the one seeking information on the value of her properties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-bypoll-papers-of-vishal-deepa-rejected/articleshow/61933447.cms|title=RK Nagar election: Papers of Vishal, Deepa Jayakumar rejected | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2017 }}</ref>

In March 2019, she said that her federation would contest alone for all 40 seats in Tamil Nadu. Later, she decided to tie-up with the AIADMK, saying her outfit belonged to the ruling party and even her followers were in favour of the alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/jayalalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-says-would-like-to-work-with-aiadmk-1973537|title="Would Like To Work With AIADMK": Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

On 30 July 2019, she announced that she was quitting politics, for lack of support, threats, abuses, health issues and peace of mind. She officially dissolved the party on the same date and advised no one to contact her further.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/jul/30/jayalalithaas-niece-deepa-quits-politics-2011645.html|title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa quits politics|website=The New Indian Express|date=30 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-30}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayakumar, Deepa}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]

Bhagavanth Kesari

2026-04-28T04:46:01Z

AryaShah: started a data

{{Short description|2023 Indian film by Anil Ravipudi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhagavanth Kesari
| image = Bhagavanth Kesari.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Anil Ravipudi
| producer = [[Sahu Garapati]] Harish Peddi
| director = [[Anil Ravipudi]]
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Arjun Rampal]] [[Kajal Aggarwal]] [[Sreeleela]]
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| cinematography = [[Ram Prasad (cinematographer)|C. Ramprasad]]
| editing = Tammiraju
| studio = Shine Screens
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|10|19}}
| runtime = 163 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=''Bhagavanth Kesari'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bhagavanth-kesari-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde2odcx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018193544/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bhagavanth-kesari-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde2odcx |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{Estimation}} {{INR|65}} crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari box office collection day 3: Lukewarm response brings worldwide haul to ₹45 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bhagavanth-kesari-box-office-collection-day-3-lukewarm-response-brings-worldwide-haul-to-rs-45-crore-101697971425684.html |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2023 |title=This Popular OTT Platform Acquires Bhagavanth Kesari Streaming Rights |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/this-popular-ott-platform-acquires-bhagavanth-kesari-streaming-rights-8626735.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030043022/https://www.news18.com/movies/this-popular-ott-platform-acquires-bhagavanth-kesari-streaming-rights-8626735.html |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=News18}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|138}} crore<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2023 |title=Nandamuri Balakrishna's Bhagavanth Kesari Starts Streaming On This OTT Platform |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nandamuri-balakrishnas-bhagavanth-kesari-starts-streaming-on-this-ott-platform-8675038.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125145648/https://www.news18.com/movies/nandamuri-balakrishnas-bhagavanth-kesari-starts-streaming-on-this-ott-platform-8675038.html |archive-date=25 November 2023 |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kashyap |first=Anand |date=30 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari Box Office Collection Day 11: बॉक्स ऑफिस पर तूफान बनी भगवंत केसरी, फिल्म ने 11 दिनों में कमाए 130 करोड़ |trans-title=Bhagavanth Kesari Box Office Collection Day 11: Bhagavanth Kesari became a storm at the box office, the film earned Rs 130 crore in 11 days |url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/bhagavanth-kesari-collection-day-11-nandamuri-balakrishna-movie-bhagavanth-kesari-became-a-storm-at-the-box-office-earned-130-crores-in-11-days-4528140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106130655/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/bhagavanth-kesari-collection-day-11-nandamuri-balakrishna-movie-bhagavanth-kesari-became-a-storm-at-the-box-office-earned-130-crores-in-11-days-4528140 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=NDTV |language=hi}}</ref>
}}
'''''Bhagavanth Kesari ''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Anil Ravipudi]] and produced by [[Sahu Garapati]] and Harish Peddi, under the banner of Shine Screens. This was the last film Harish Peddi produced under the banner of Shine Screens. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=8 June 2023 |title=Balakrishna, Anil Ravipudi Telugu film titled 'Bhagavanth Kesari' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/balakrishna-anil-ravipudi-telugu-film-titled-bhagavanth-kesari/article66945308.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614082322/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/balakrishna-anil-ravipudi-telugu-film-titled-bhagavanth-kesari/article66945308.ece |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> It stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] in the titular role alongside [[Arjun Rampal]] (in his Telugu debut), [[Kajal Aggarwal]], and [[Sreeleela]]. The soundtrack and background score was composed by [[Thaman S]], while [[Ram Prasad (cinematographer)|C. Ramprasad]] and Tammiraju handled the cinematography and editing, respectively.

The film was theatrically released on 19 October 2023, on the occasion of [[Vijayadashami|Dusshera]]. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, praising its women-centric theme, Balakrishna's performance and the action.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title='Bhagavanth Kesari' box office collection Day 5: Balayya's film remains strong |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bhagavanth-kesari-box-office-collection-day-5-balayyas-film-remains-strong-2452891-2023-10-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026080352/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bhagavanth-kesari-box-office-collection-day-5-balayyas-film-remains-strong-2452891-2023-10-24 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=19 October 2023 |title='Bhagavanth Kesari' Twitter review: 'It's a hattrick blockbuster,' say Nandamuri Balakrishna fans |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/bhagavanth-kesari-twitter-review-its-a-hattrick-blockbuster-say-nandamuri-balakrishna-fans-402611-2023-10-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026080350/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/bhagavanth-kesari-twitter-review-its-a-hattrick-blockbuster-say-nandamuri-balakrishna-fans-402611-2023-10-19 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

Bhagavanth Kesari earned the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]] at the [[71st National Film Awards]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=Monali |title=71st National Film Awards 2025 — Complete Winners List |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/bollywood/national-film-awards-2025-winners |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref> and the Telangana state Gaddar Award for Third Best Feature Film.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Vikrant Massey and Rani Mukerji Win Acting Honors as ‘12th Fail’ Named Best Film at India’s National Awards |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/shah-rukh-khan-vikrant-massey-rani-mukerji-india-national-film-awards-1236476508/ |website=Variety |access-date=1 August 2025 |date=1 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2025 |title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Adivi Sesh Thanks Telangana Government For Honouring Major, Expresses Gratitude To Mahesh Babu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-adivi-sesh-thanks-telangana-government-for-honouring-major-expresses-gratitude-to-mahesh-babu-article-151755732 |website=Times Now}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Jana Nayagan]]'' (2026).<ref name="remake"/>

==Plot==
Nelakonda Bhagavanth Kesari is an ex-prisoner who becomes the guardian of Vijayalakshmi "Viji" after the death of his friend and Viji's father, [[Chief inspector|CI]] Srikanth in an accident. Bhagavanth wants her to join the [[Indian Army]] as per her father's wish and seeks the help of psychologist Dr. Kathyayani. However, Vijji is against joining the Army, stemming from a phobia in her childhood; she is keen on marrying her boyfriend, Karthik.

Meanwhile, Rahul Sanghvi is a business magnate who seeks to steal the country's prestigious project-V, but the [[Chief minister (India)|Deputy CM]] accumulates incriminating evidence against him. Rahul assassinates him, but his [[personal assistant|PA]] absconds with the evidence, and Rahul is behind his hunt. Karthik proceeds with his parents with the proposal, but Bhagavanth denies it, for which Viji starts to detest Bhagavanth. While escaping from Rahul's men, the PA fortuitously uses Viji's laptop to secure the data, and Rahul's men target her instead. Bhagavanth learns about this and shields Viji. Rahul is shocked upon seeing Bhagavanth, revealing that the two are past rivals, and Viji soon learns about Bhagavanth's past.

'''Past''': Bhagavanth is a gallant [[Circle Inspector]] at a tribal zone called Nelakonda, where he locks horns with Rahul's politician father Sarath Sanghvi after he massacres the forest department. Bhagavanth outrageously butchers his men and publicly arrests Sarath, who later commits suicide. To exact vengeance, Rahul incriminates Bhagavanth under trumped-up charges and has him sentenced to prison.

'''Present''': After learning this, Viji oaths to fulfill Bhagavanth's ambition. They go to Hyderabad along with Kathyayani and admit Viji to a training academy where the coach disdains the women but later accepts an apology after Bhagavanth glorifies their eminence. Viji cannot climb her last leg because of [[neurosis]], whereas Kathyayani provides insight to raise her mental strength and courage. Rahul intends to kill Bhagavanth and his loved ones whilst also capturing the PA. However, Bhagavanth tarnishes Rahul's plans with the support of Ratan Shukla, whom he befriended in prison, and procures the evidence from the PA. Bhagavanth makes a deal with the politicians to schedule a dual war with Rahul and receives approval. As directed by Kathyayani, Bhagavanth keeps himself at risk, and Viji soon turns violent to safeguard him. Bhagavanth finally kills Rahul and his men, while Viji is selected into the Army, fulfilling her father's and Bhagavanth's dream.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Nelakonda Bhagavanth Kesari, an ex-cop from [[Adilabad]].
* [[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Dr. Kathyayani, Bhagavanth's love interest (voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
* [[Arjun Rampal]] as Rahul Sanghavi, businessman and mafia leader
* [[Sreeleela]] as Vijaya Lakshmi "Viji"
** Baby Nainika as Young Viji
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as [[Inspector|CI]] Srikanth, Viji's late father and Bhagavanth's late friend (guest appearance)
* [[Pallak Lalwani]] as a reporter (Cameo Appearance)
* [[Jayachitra]] as Bhagavanth's mother (Cameo Appearance)
* [[P. Ravi Shankar]] as Umesh Dutt's friend
* [[John Vijay]] as Ratan Shukla, Bhagavanth's friend
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Sarath Sanghvi, Rahul's father
* [[Subbaraju]] as [[Superintendent of police|SP]] Ravi Krishna [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers|Deputy CM]]
* Srinivas Vadlamani as [[Chief Minister of Telangana|CM]]
* [[Brahmaji]] as Deputy CM's [[Personal Assistant|PA]]
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Minister
* [[VTV Ganesh]] as Minister
* [[Rahul Ravi]] as Karthik, Viji's boyfriend
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Vijji's trainer
* Sanjay Swaroop as Umesh Dutt
* Raj Tirandasu as Japatri, Bhagavanth's friend
* [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Jogi
* [[Dubbing Janaki]] as Kathyayani's mother
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]] as Karthik's father
* Sravan Raghavendra as Vicky
* Rathika Rose as English-Speaking Party Member
* Racha Ravi as Lorry Driver
* Jeevan Kumar Naidu as Daggad Diwakar
* Danny Kuttappa as Rahul's henchman
* Sasidhar as Police Officer
* Meka Ramakrishna as Sentry Narayana
* Chitti Babu
* Anand Raj
* Krishna Chaitanya
* Brahmayya
* Mayank Parakh
* Alok Jain
* Koya Kishore
* [[Anil Ravipudi]] in a cameo appearance
* Bhanu Master in a cameo appearance
* Pullayya Pantulu Mylavarapu as Navy Officer
}}

==Production==
Filming started on 8 December 2022 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 December 2022 |title=#NBK108: Nandamuri Balakrishna's film with Anil Ravipudi launched |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nbk108-nandamuri-balakrishnas-film-with-anil-ravipudi-launched-see-first-pics/articleshow/96077636.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614082323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nbk108-nandamuri-balakrishnas-film-with-anil-ravipudi-launched-see-first-pics/articleshow/96077636.cms |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Arjun Rampal completed filming his scenes in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Arjun Rampal poses with Balakrishna on his last day shoot of 'Bhagavanth Kesari' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/arjun-rampal-poses-with-balakrishna-on-his-last-day-shoot-of-bhagavanth-kesari-815699 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815074518/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/arjun-rampal-poses-with-balakrishna-on-his-last-day-shoot-of-bhagavanth-kesari-815699 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bhagavanth Kesari
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Thaman S]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 8 November 2023
| recorded = 2023
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=21|s=22}}
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Times Music|Junglee Music]]
| producer = Thaman S
| prev_title = [[Skanda (film)|Skanda]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Annapoorani: The Goddess of Food]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc =
}}
The soundtrack and background score is composed by [[Thaman S]], which marks his fourth collaboration with Balakrishna after ''[[Dictator (2016 film)|Dictator]]'' (2016), ''[[Akhanda]]'' (2021), and ''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]'' (2023); first collaboration with Ravipudi. The first single titled "Ganesh Anthem, was released on 1 September 2023. The second single, "Uyyaalo Uyyaala" was released on 4 October 2023. The third single, "Roar of Kesari" was released on 17 October 2023.{{track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = [[Thaman S]]
| title1 = Ganesh Anthem
| length1 = 4:36
| lyrics1 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| extra1 = Kareemullah, Maneesha Pandranki
| title2 = Uyyaalo Uyyaala
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Charan]]
| title3 = Roar Of Kesari
| length3 = 3:18
| lyrics3 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| extra3 = Chorus
| title4 = Maanu Maaku
| length4 = 2:20
| lyrics4 = Anantha Sriram
| extra4 = Keerthana Srinivas
| title5 = Ichi Pad Ichi Pad
| length5 = 3:42
| lyrics5 = Kaasarla Shyam
| extra5 = [[Anthony Daasan]], [[Geetha Madhuri]], Sahithi Chaganti, Naresh Mamindla
| title6 = Jhagada Jhagada
| length6 = 2:57
| lyrics6 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra6 = [[Nooran Sisters|Jyoti Nooran]]
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
The film was theatrically released on 19 October 2023, on the occasion of [[Dussehara|Dasara]].

===Home media===
The film's digital streaming rights were brought by [[Amazon Prime Video]], while the satellite rights were brought by [[Zee Network]] in all languages. The film was premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 24 November 2023 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], along with dubbed versions in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], and [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2023 |title=Nandamuri Balakrishna's Bhagavanth Kesari Starts Streaming On This OTT Platform |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nandamuri-balakrishnas-bhagavanth-kesari-starts-streaming-on-this-ott-platform-8675038.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125145648/https://www.news18.com/movies/nandamuri-balakrishnas-bhagavanth-kesari-starts-streaming-on-this-ott-platform-8675038.html |archive-date=25 November 2023 |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics praising Balakrishna's performance and action sequences.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari: Where director Anil Ravipudi proves it's possible to make a meaningful massy film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bhagavanth-kesari-where-director-anil-ravipudi-proves-its-possible-to-do-a-meaningful-massy-film/c65f68de3e184 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023003331/https://www.ottplay.com/news/bhagavanth-kesari-where-director-anil-ravipudi-proves-its-possible-to-do-a-meaningful-massy-film/c65f68de3e184 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |quote=mixed responses from critics.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Bhagavanth Kesari: Nandamuri Balakrishna's film is GOOD or BAD to watch? Read THIS |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/bhagavanth-kesari-nandamuri-balakrishna-s-film-is-good-or-bad-to-watch-read-this-rba-s2re91 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024181527/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/bhagavanth-kesari-nandamuri-balakrishna-s-film-is-good-or-bad-to-watch-read-this-rba-s2re91 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[Asianet News]] |quote=the film has received mixed reviews from critics and audiences.}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari box office collection day 3: Lukewarm response brings worldwide haul to ₹45 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bhagavanth-kesari-box-office-collection-day-3-lukewarm-response-brings-worldwide-haul-to-rs-45-crore-101697971425684.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023060452/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bhagavanth-kesari-box-office-collection-day-3-lukewarm-response-brings-worldwide-haul-to-rs-45-crore-101697971425684.html |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |quote=Bhagavanth Kesari starring Balakrishna, Kajal and Srileela received mixed response}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

Raghu Bandi of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 and wrote "''Bhagavanth Kesari'' tries hard not to be a regular Nandamuri Balakrishna movie, while having all the signature moments die-hard fans will expect from him."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari movie review: Nandamuri Balakrishna does not disappoint |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhagavanth-kesari-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-does-not-disappoint-8991046/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020022933/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhagavanth-kesari-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-does-not-disappoint-8991046/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Anil Ravipudi's ''Bhagavanth Kesari'' starring Nandamuri Balakrishna oscillates between hypermasculine action and an emotional drama that hammers the message of women empowerment."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=19 October 2023 |title='Bhagavanth Kesari' movie review: Anil Ravipudi, Balakrishna outing is mediocre at its best |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhagavanth-kesari-telugu-movie-review-anil-ravipudi-balakrishna-film-is-a-mediocre-outing/article67437725.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019095944/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhagavanth-kesari-telugu-movie-review-anil-ravipudi-balakrishna-film-is-a-mediocre-outing/article67437725.ece |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=19 October 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave a rating of 2.5/5 and wrote, "''Bhagavanth Kesari'' is an enjoyable entertainer where you see Balayya teaching a bunch of school children about good touch and bad touch. It's a film that has a mix of everything for the audiences."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari Review: Balayya has maximum fun in this film on women empowerment |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balayya-has-maximum-fun-in-this-film-on-women-empowerment-2451242-2023-10-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019153301/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balayya-has-maximum-fun-in-this-film-on-women-empowerment-2451242-2023-10-19 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Jahnavi of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave a rating of 1.5/5 and wrote "But even as a formulaic film hinging on the heroism of the male star, the formula itself is confusing."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari review: Balakrishna and Anil Ravipudi dabble with girlboss feminism |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balakrishna-and-anil-ravipudi-dabble-with-girlboss-feminism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021100819/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balakrishna-and-anil-ravipudi-dabble-with-girlboss-feminism |archive-date=21 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> ''[[Eenadu]]'' reviewed the movie and noted that, aside from a few scenes in the first half, the film is commendable.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhagavanth Kesari Movie Review: రివ్యూ: భగవంత్‌ కేసరి.. బాలకృష్ణ యాక్షన్‌ డ్రామా ఎలా ఉంది? |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/bhagavanth-kesari-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/123193354 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025102624/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/bhagavanth-kesari-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/123193354 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref> Ram Venkat Srikar of [[Anupama Chopra|''Film Companion'']] wrote, "''Bhagavanth Kesari'' is a pretty entertaining outing from both Balakrishna and Anil Ravipudi. Despite having some issues, it works pretty well to a large extent, offering us an action entertainer with its heart in the right place, which surprises on the emotion and the 'message' front.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srikar |first=Ram Venkat |date=19 October 2023 |title=Bhagavanth Kesari Review: Balayya's Attempt At Women Empowerment Is Both Meaningful And Fun |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balayya-attempt-at-women-empowerment-is-both-meaningful-and-fun-anil-ravipudi-sreeleela-nandamuri-balakrishna-kajal-aggarwal-nbk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023101209/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/bhagavanth-kesari-review-balayya-attempt-at-women-empowerment-is-both-meaningful-and-fun-anil-ravipudi-sreeleela-nandamuri-balakrishna-kajal-aggarwal-nbk |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" |Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Recipient(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" |[[71st National Film Awards]]
|
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
|Producers:[[Sahu Garapati]] and Harish Peddi Director: [[Anil Ravipudi]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="71st National Film Awards complete winners list: Shah Rukh Khan, Vikrant Massey share 'Best Actor', Rani Mukerji wins best actress, 'Katthal' wins best Hindi film">{{cite news |title=71st National Film Awards complete winners list: Shah Rukh Khan, Vikrant Massey share 'Best Actor', Rani Mukerji wins best actress, 'Katthal' wins best Hindi film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/71st-national-film-awards-complete-winners-list-shah-rukh-khan-vikrant-massey-share-best-actor-katthal-wins-best-hindi-film-vash-is-best-gujarati-film/articleshow/123044344.cms |access-date=1 August 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801133927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/71st-national-film-awards-complete-winners-list-shah-rukh-khan-vikrant-massey-share-best-actor-katthal-wins-best-hindi-film-vash-is-best-gujarati-film/articleshow/123044344.cms |archive-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="3" |[[69th Filmfare Awards South|3 August 2024]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Anil Ravipudi]]
|{{nominated}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards Telugu 2024 are out! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-filmfare-awards-telugu-2024-are-out-67264.html |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 20242">{{Cite news |last=Filmfare |date=4 August 2024 |title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2024 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804051630/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.html |archive-date=4 August 2024 |access-date=4 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="69th Sobha Filmfare Awards South 2024: Check out the winners2">{{Cite news |last=The Times of India |date=4 August 2024 |title=69th Sobha Filmfare Awards South 2024: Check out the winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-2024-check-out-the-winners/articleshow/112251936.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804052211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-2024-check-out-the-winners/articleshow/112251936.cms |archive-date=4 August 2024 |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Sreeleela]]
|{{nominated}}
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |[[IIFA Utsavam]]
| rowspan="4" |[[3rd IIFA Utsavam|27 September 2024]]
|Best Film {{Ndash}} Telugu
|[[Sahu Garapati]], Harish Peddi
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="4" |{{cn|date=November 2024}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Anil Ravipudi]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Sreeleela]]
|{{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" |[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|[[22nd Santosham Film Awards|2 December 2023]]
|[[Santosham Best Cinematographer Award|Best Cinematographer]]
|[[Ram Prasad (cinematographer)|Ram Prasad]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2023 |title=22వ సంతోషం సౌత్ ఇండియన్ ఫిల్మ్ అవార్డ్స్.. ఈసారి ఘనంగా గోవాలో.. |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/suresh-kondeti-santosham-awards-will-held-in-goa-this-time-735660.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="5" |[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|14 September 2024]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
| [[Sahu Garapati]], Harish Peddi
|{{won}}
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-07-17 |title=SIIMA 2024 Nominations Revealed: Nani's Dasara and Rajinikanth Starrer Jailer Lead with 11 Nominations Each |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/siima-2024-nominations-revealed-nanis-dasara-and-rajinikanth-starrer-jailer-lead-with-11-nominations-each-enn24071700580 |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2024 |title=SIIMA Awards 2024: Dasara, Hi Nanna, Kaatera and Sapta Sagaradaache Ello win big on Day 1 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2024-dasara-hi-nanna-kaatera-and-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-win-big-on-day-1-9568720/lite/ |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Anil Ravipudi]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Santosham Best Actor Award|Best Actor]]
|[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Sreeleela]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu|Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu]]
|[[Arjun Rampal]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==Remake==
''Bhagavanth Kesari'' was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Jana Nayagan]]'', directed by [[H. Vinoth]] and starring [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]. It was first confirmed by producer [[Sahu Garapati]].<ref name="remake">{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Sahu Garapati: Vijay’s Jana Nayagan is a remake of Bhagavanth Kesari |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Jan/07/teluguinterviews2026jan06sahu-garapati-vijays-jana-nayagan-is-a-remake-of-bhagavanth-kesari |access-date=7 January 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=7 January 2026}}</ref>

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt21810110}}
{{Anil Ravipudi}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2020s masala films]]
[[Category:2023 action drama films]]
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anil Ravipudi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:Fiction about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]

Kartik Sharma

2026-04-23T18:30:12Z

AryaShah: Started Initial Bio Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2006)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Kartik Sharma
| image =
| caption =
| country = India
| fullname =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2006|4|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Bharatpur,Rajasthan, India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = [[Wicket keeper]] batter
| club1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2024–present}}
| club2 =[[Chennai Super Kings]]
| year2 =2026
| international =
| internationalspan =
| onetest =

| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 8
| runs1 = 479
| bat avg1 = 43.54
| 100s/50s1 = 3/0
| top score1 = 139
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –/–
| catches/stumpings1 = 3/–

| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 9
| runs2 = 445
| bat avg2 = 55.62
| 100s/50s2 = 2/2
| top score2 = 123
| deliveries2 = –
| wickets2 = –
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –/–
| catches/stumpings2 = 7/–

| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 12
| runs3 = 334
| bat avg3 = 30.36
| 100s/50s3 = 0/2
| top score3 = 58
| deliveries3 = –
| wickets3 = –
| bowl avg3 = –
| fivefor3 = –
| tenfor3 = –
| best bowling3 = –/–
| catches/stumpings3 = 3/–

| date = 22 December
| year = 2025
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1459392.html ESPNcricinfo
|
}}
'''Kartik Sharma''' (born 26 April 2006) is an Indian cricketer, who plays as a [[wicket keeper]]. He is a right-handed [[batting order (cricket)|middle order]] batter. He represents the [[Rajasthan cricket team]].<ref name="Cric">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/prashant-veer-1459392|title=Kartik Sharma|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="FP">{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/csk-ipl-2026-auction-prashant-veer-kartik-sharma-profiles-13960304.html|title=Who are Prashant Veer and Kartik Sharma, CSK’s mega uncapped purchases at IPL 2026 auction|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=16 December 2025|access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref> He made his [[first class cricket|first class]] and [[Twenty20]] debut for Rajasthan in November 2025, and played his first [[List A cricket|List A]] match in December 2025.<ref name="Cric"/>

In the [[List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes|player auction]] conducted ahead of the [[2026 Indian Premier League]], he was picked up by the [[Chennai Super Kings]] for {{INRconvert|142|m}}, the highest ever bid for an uncapped player in the history of the [[Indian Premier League]] alongside fellow [[Chennai Super Kings]] buy [[Prashant Veer]].<ref name="FP"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/47323390/csk-bids-prashant-veer-kartik-sharma-smash-records-ipl-2026-auction|title=Uncapped Prashant Veer and Kartik Sharma smash IPL auction records|work=[[ESPN]]|date=16 December 2025|access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cricinfo|id=1459392}}
{{Chennai Super Kings squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Kartik}}
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}

Muslim League (1947–1958)

2026-04-23T11:25:11Z

AryaShah: New the entry w/ infobox.

{{About|3=Muslim League (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Muslim League
| abbr = ML
| lang1 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| name_lang1 = مسلم لیگ
| lang2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| name_lang2 = মুসলিম লীগ
| flag = Flag of the Pakistan Muslim League.svg
| leader1_title = Historical leader(s)
| president = [[Abdur Rab Nishtar]] (1958)
| general_secretary = [[Qazi Muhammad Isa]] (1958)
| leader = [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman|Ch. Khaliquzzaman]] [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]]
| leader2_title = [[Chief Whip]]
| leader2_name = [[Mahmud Husain]]
| foundation = 15 December 1947
| dissolved = 7 October 1958
| predecessor = [[All-India Muslim League|AIML]]
| successor = ''See [[List of Muslim League breakaway groups]]''
| ideology = [[Pakistani nationalism]] [[Islamic modernism]] [[Capitalism]] '''Factions:''' [[Islamic socialism]]<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/787645/islamic-socialism-a-history-from-left-to-right/?commentPage=1&storyPage=2 |title=Islamic Socialism: A history from left to right|author=Nadeem F. Paracha |date=21 February 2013|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|access-date=30 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315034547/https://www.dawn.com/news/787645/islamic-socialism-a-history-from-left-to-right/?commentPage=1&storyPage=2}}</ref>
| position = [[Big tent]]
| headquarters = [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| newspaper = ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''
| colors = {{colorbox|{{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}
}} [[Pakistan green|Green]]
| country = Pakistan
| colorcode = {{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}
}}
{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The '''Muslim League''' was the original successor of the [[All-India Muslim League]] that led the [[Pakistan Movement]] to achieve an independent nation with a numerical majority seats in the parliament of [[British India]].<ref name=Dawn2/>

Five of the country's [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Ministers]] have been affiliated with the Muslim League, namely [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Khwaja Nazimuddin]], [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]], [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]], and [[I. I. Chundrigar|Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]].<ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1310662|title=The Muslim League: A factional history|author=Nadeem F. Paracha|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|date=26 January 2017|archive-date=26 January 2017|access-date=30 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126053747/https://www.dawn.com/news/1310662}}</ref>

The Muslim League was defeated in the 1955 elections to the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Constituent Assembly]] by a political alliance known as the [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]]. However, Prime Minister [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali|Chaudhry Mohammad Ali]] and later Prime Minister [[I. I. Chundrigar|Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]] were appointed to lead a minority government. The party was dissolved in 1958 after the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'etat|declaration of Martial Law]] by [[Ayub Khan (general)|General Muhammad Ayub Khan]], the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army.<ref name=Islamopedia>{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/pakistan/islam-and-politics/muslim-league|title=The Muslim League (history of the party)|website=Islamopedia Online|access-date=30 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042303/http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/pakistan/islam-and-politics/muslim-league|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Jinnah and Muslim League founders.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Jinnah and Muslim League founders]]
On the [[Partition of India|foundation]] of [[Pakistan]], the president of the [[All-India Muslim League]], [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], became the new nation's [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]], and the secretary general of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] became [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]].<ref name=Islamopedia/> The All-India Muslim League was disbanded in December 1947 and succeeded by two organisations, the ''Muslim League'' and the [[Indian Union Muslim League]], the first being its original successor in Pakistan. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] resigned as the president of the Muslim League on 17 December 1947 and the two Muslim Leagues respectively elected [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] as President of the ''Muslim League'' (Pakistan) and [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Muhammad Ismail]] as the president for [[Indian Union Muslim League]] in post-independence India.

===Ideology===
The party remained the chief governing party for the early years after the partition of 1947.<ref name=Dawn2/>

According to Dawn newspaper, a major English-language newspaper of Pakistan:
<blockquote>
"Jinnah in his first address described Pakistan as a modern Muslim-majority state but where the state would remain religiously neutral and where citizens would transcend their personal faiths to become Pakistanis".<ref name=Dawn2/>
</blockquote>

Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, died in 1948. The in-fighting within the Muslim League started right away after his death and the party factions began to emerge.<ref name=Dawn2/>

Under the premiership of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], the Muslim League government successfully drafted the [[Objectives Resolution]]. Although [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] was a progressive, he introduced constitutional reforms in line with religious values and principles. The party however adopted a [[Conservatism|conservative]] platform under [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Khwaja Nazimuddin]]. [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Khwaja Nazimuddin]] opposed equal minority rights and thus, the party lost the support of much of the [[Progressivism|progressive]] elite. However, much of his policies were repealed by his successors like [[Muhammad Ali Bogra|Mohammad Ali Bogra]] and [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]], who promoted all sorts of liberties and personal freedom for individuals.

The party's economic policies were pro-capitalist. Prime Ministers like [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] and [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]] were keen supporters of a Western-style economy and promoted [[economic liberalism]] and [[fiscal conservatism]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} In the 1950s, Pakistan signed the pro-Capitalist pacts like [[Central Treaty Organization|Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)]] and [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization|Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)]], quenching any possible chance of communist influence in the country. Despite the Muslim League's support for Islam, the party did not take any action against the [[Usury]] payments, attracting criticism from religious parties.

===End of the party===
Muhammad Ali Jinnah died in September 1948 and [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] was assassinated in October 1951. Robbed of its two senior leaders, the Muslim League began to disintegrate. By 1953, dissensions within the Muslim League had led to the formation of several different political parties. [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] was succeeded by [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]], a Bengali, who was forced out of office in April 1953. Pakistan was racked by riots in 1953, and in the first [[1955 Pakistani General Election|national elections in May 1955]] (held by a system of indirect voting) the Muslim League was heavily defeated. [[Iskander Mirza]], a veteran Muslim League leader, first became the fourth Governor General and then the President of Pakistan in 1956.<ref name=Islamopedia/><ref name=Dawn2/>

In October 1958, the Pakistan Army seized power and the martial law regime of [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] banned all political parties. The ''Muslim League'' ceased to exist and was dissolved.<ref name=Dawn2/>

==Officials==
=== President ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name!!Assumed office!!Left office!!Source
|-
| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
|1947
|1947
|
|-
| [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
|1948
|1950
|
|-
| [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
|1950
|1953
|
|-
| [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]]
|1953
|1955
|
|-
| [[Chaudhri Muhammad Ali]]
|1955
|1956
|
|-
| [[Abdur Rab Nishtar]]
|1956
|1958
|
|-
|}

=== General Secretary ===
{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" |Name
! align="center" |Assumed office
! align="center" |Left office
!align=center|Ref
|-
|[[Yusuf Haroon]]
|1956
|1958
|
|}

==State leaders==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Presidential Standard of Pakistan (1956-1967).svg|70px]] [[President of Pakistan]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Iskander Mirza]]
| 1955–1956
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Flag of the Prime Minister of Pakistan.svg|70px]] [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]<ref name=Islamopedia/>
| 1947–1951
|-
| [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]<ref name=Islamopedia/>
| 1951–1953
|-
| [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]]
| 1953–1955
|-
| [[Chaudhri Muhammad Ali]]
| 1955–1956
|-
| [[I. I. Chundrigar]]
| 1957
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|70px]] [[Chief Minister of East Bengal]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]]
| 1947–1948
|-
| [[Nurul Amin]]
| 1948–1954
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|70px]] [[Chief Minister of North-West Frontier Province]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]]
| 1947–1953
|-
| [[Abdur Rashid Khan (politician)|Abdur Rashid Khan]]
| 1953–1955
|-
| [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]
| 1955
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|70px]] [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Iftikhar Hussain Khan]]
| 1947–1949
|-
| [[Mumtaz Daultana]]
| 1951–1953
|-
| [[Feroz Khan Noon]]
| 1953–1955
|-
| [[Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti]]
| 1955
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#white;" colspan="4" |[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|70px]] [[Chief Minister of Sindh]]
|-
! Name
! Term in office
|-
| [[Muhammad Ayub Khuhro]]
| 1947–1948
|-
| [[Pir Ilahi Bux]]
| 1948–1949
|-
| [[Yusuf Haroon]]
| 1949–1950
|-
| [[Qazi Fazlullah Ubaidullah]]
| 1950–1951
|-
| [[Muhammad Ayub Khuhro]]
| 1951
|-
| [[Pirzada Abdul Sattar]]
| 1953–1954
|-
| [[Muhammad Ayub Khuhro]]
| 1954–1955
|}

==Electoral history==
'''Pakistan National Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Party leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election|1947]]
|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|59|69|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 14
|{{decrease}} 1st
|{{Yes|Government}}
|-
|[[1955 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election|1955]]
|[[Mohammad Ali Bogra]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|25|72|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 34
|{{decrease}} 1st
|{{Yes|Coalition}}
|}

'''East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
! +/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1954 East Pakistani legislative election|1954]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|9|237|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 104
|{{decrease}} 2nd
|{{No|Opposition}}
|}
'''North-West Frontier Province Provincial Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
! +/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1951 North-West Frontier Province provincial election|1951]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|67|85|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{increase}} 50
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{Yes|Government}}
|}
'''Punjab Provincial Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
! +/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1951 Punjab provincial election|1951]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|143|192|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{increase}} 70
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{No|Government}}
|}
'''Sindh Provincial Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
! +/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1953 Sindh provincial election|1953]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|78|111|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{increase}} 50
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{No|Government}}
|}
'''West Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
! +/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|[[1956 West Pakistan Interim Assembly election|1956]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|245|310|hex={{party color|Muslim League (Pakistan)}}}}
|{{increase}} 245
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{No|Government}}
|}

==Legacy==
===Other parties by the same name===
The name still held great reputation, however, and Ayub Khan later formed a new party, the [[Convention Muslim League]]. The opposition faction became known as the [[Council Muslim League]]. This latter group joined a united front with other political parties in 1967 in opposition to the regime.

In 1977, [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] was removed by [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|General Zia-ul-Haq]] in the [[1977 Pakistani military coup]].<ref name=Dawn/> A new party the [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)]] was formed.<ref name=Islamopedia/> After the death of General and later the [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] in 1988. [[Nawaz Sharif]] formed his own [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] in 1992, but it had no connection with the original ''Muslim League''. [[Nawaz Sharif]] was prime minister from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 1999, when he was ousted in the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]]. At the controversial elections held by the military regime of [[Pervez Musharraf]] in October, five different parties using the name Muslim League contested seats. The largest of these, the [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam)]], won 69 seats out of 272, and the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)]], loyal to [[Nawaz Sharif]], won 19 seats. After the elections in 2008, [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] was in the ruling coalition and [[Nawaz Sharif]]'s [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] sat in opposition. In the 2013 elections, [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)]] emerged as the largest party in the country; the party formed its government at the center and [[Nawaz Sharif]] was re-elected for third term as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]].<ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Islamopedia/>

===Current factions of re founded party===
{{further information|List of Muslim League breakaway groups}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Muslim League (1947–1958)| ]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1958]]
[[Category:1958 disestablishments in Pakistan]]

Yograj Singh (politician)

2026-04-23T01:11:25Z

AryaShah: new

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Yograj Singh
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Khatauli (Assembly constituency)|Khatauli]]
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = May 2007
| term_end = March 2012
| predecessor = [[Rajpal Singh Baliyan]]
| successor = [[Kartar Singh Bhadana]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|06|25}}
| birth_place = [[Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Farming, Politician
| parents = Jagveer Singh (Father)
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
}}
'''Yograj Singh''' is an Indian politician and former Minister in [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. He is currently serving as [[States and union territories of India|State]] vice president of the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]].<ref name="Profile">{{cite news|title=Profile|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|accessdate=22 July 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/13.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly Constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly Constituency|publisher=Elections.in|accessdate=22 July 2015|url= http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/}}</ref><ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=22 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Yograj Singh completed his high school and [[Higher Secondary Certificate|intermediate]] from S.D Inter College [[Muzaffarnagar]].

Singh went to [[Bengaluru]] and attained [[BTech]] Degree from [[Ramaiah Institute of Technology]] in 1996.<ref name="Profile2">{{cite news |title=Profile |publisher=Election commission of Indiawebsite |url= https://affidavitarchive.eci.nic.in/CANDIDATEAFFIDAVIT.aspx?YEARID=March-2017%20(%20GEN%20)&AC_No=11&st_code=S24&constType=AC |access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref>

==Political career==
Yograj Singh came in active politics after his father's assassination in 2003.

Singh became [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in 2007 from [[Khatauli Assembly constituency]] defeating incumbent MLA senior leader [[Rajpal Singh Baliyan]] and [[Rakesh Tikait]] of Bahujan Kisan Dal. Chief Minister [[Mayawati]] nominated him in her cabinet as [[state minister]] in the Ministry of Agro Education & Research where he completed full term of 5 years in Bahujan Samaj Party Government from 2007 to 2012.

Singh contested again in 2012 from [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] but lost from [[Nawazish Alam Khan]] of [[Samajwadi Party]] in newly created [[Budhana Assembly constituency]]. In 2015 he joined [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] and contested re election from same seat in 2017 but lost to [[BJP]] candidate [[Umesh Malik]].

Currently he is active in [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] organization and works as [[States and union territories of India|State]] vice president of the Party.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Yograj}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

T. K. Nair

2026-04-21T23:11:38Z

AryaShah: new

{{short description|Prime minister of Cochin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Thozhur Krishnan Nair
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = 2nd [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Prime Minister of Cochin]]
| monarch = [[Aikya Keralam Thampuran|Kerala Varma VII]]
| term_start = 27 October 1947
| term_end = 20 September 1948
| predecessor = [[Panampilly Govinda Menon]]
| successor = [[E. Ikkanda Warrier]]
| constituency = [[Chelakkara]], [[Thrissur]]
| majority =
| birth_date = 22 May 1896
| birth_place = [[Thiruvilwamala]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]
| birth_name =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|15 June 1972|22 May 1896}}
| death_place =
| citizenship = Indian
| party = [[Indian People's Congress|People's Congress]]
| other_party = 
| spouse =
| partner =
| relations =
| children =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Politician, [[Social Service]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Thozhur Krishnan Nair''' (22 May 1896 – 15 June 1972) was the second Prime Minister of the [[Kingdom of Cochin|State of Cochin]], India, from 1947 to 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/sunday/2021/05/15/sunday-special-story-on-life-of-tk-nair.html |title=ഇതാ, ഇങ്ങനെയും ഒരു പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി | T. K. Nair | Manorama News |publisher=Manoramaonline.com |date=2021-05-15 |accessdate=2022-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://keralaassembly.org/history/cochin.html |title=History of legislative bodies in Kerala- Cochin State |publisher=Keralaassembly.org |date= |accessdate=2022-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_2_3.htm |title=General Info - Kerala Legislature |publisher=Niyamasabha.org |date= |accessdate=2022-07-06}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, T. K.}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Thrissur]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Kerala]]

{{Kerala-politician-stub}}

East Tuipui Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:26:12Z

AryaShah: new a info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Mizoram legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = East Tuipui
| type = SLA
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram (East Tuipui highlighted).png
| state = [[Mizoram]]
| constituency_no = 25
| district = [[Champhai district|Champhai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Ramthanmawia]]
| party = [[Mizo National Front]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:13825}}
}}
'''East Tuipui''' is one of the 40 [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |work=ECI |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215221429/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is part of [[Champhai district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher = [[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718103411/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| B. Lalthlengliana<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3666-mizoram-2008/ |title=Mizoram General Legislative Election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front}}
|-
|[[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| T. Sangkunga<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3667-mizoram-2013/ |title=Mizoram General Legislative Election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|rowspan=2| [[Ramthanmawia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mizoram-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2023- Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=20 January 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: East Tuipui}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ramthanmawia]]|party=Mizo National Front|votes={{formatnum:6075}}|percentage=47.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. C. Lalrammawia|party=Zoram People's Movement|votes=5,915|percentage=45.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Lalnunthanga|party=Indian National Congress|votes=869|percentage=6.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=36|percentage=0.28|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=160|percentage=1.24|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Mizo National Front
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: East Tuipui<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9687-mizoram-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ramthanmawia]]
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Mizo National Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Mizoram}}

{{coord|23.245|93.250|display=title}}

[[Category:Champhai district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Politics of Mizoram]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Anpa Marndi

2026-04-19T16:38:18Z

AryaShah: started new stub...

{{Short description|Santali-language poet and academic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Anpa Marndi
|image =File:Anpa Marndi, receiving Yuva Puraskar 2014.jpg
|caption = Anpa Marndi
| native_name = ᱟᱹᱱᱯᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱨᱰᱤ
| native_name_lang = sat
| occupation = Poet, academic
| language = Santali, Odia
| nationality = Indian
| education = M.Phil, Ph.D
| alma_mater = Utkal University
| employer = Utkal University
| notable_works = ''Namal''
| awards = Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar (2014)
}}

'''Anpa Marndi''' is an Indian Santali-language poet and academic. He is known for his poetry collection ''Namal'', which received the [[Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]] in 2014.<ref name="SahityaYuva">{{cite web |title=Yuva Puraskar Winners |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref> He serves as an assistant professor in the Department of Odia at Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, and has contributed to literary and academic work in Santali and Odia languages.<ref name="UtkalFaculty">{{cite web |title=Mr. Sri Anpa Marndi – Faculty Profile |url=https://utkaluniversity.ac.in/faculty/mr-sri-anpa-marndi/ |publisher=Utkal University |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="MuseIndiaAuthors">{{cite web
|title=Authors Index – Adivasi Poetry (Muse India)
|url=https://museindia.com/MuseIndia/AuthorIndexList
|publisher=Muse India
|access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==
Marndi writes primarily in Santali and is recognised for his contribution to Santali poetry. His poetry collection ''Namal'' received the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar in 2014 in the Santali language category.<ref name="SahityaYuva" />

Marndi is also involved in language development initiatives. He has served as a member of the Santali Language Editorial Committee for the Bharatavani project, a multilingual knowledge portal implemented by the [[Central Institute of Indian Languages]] under the Ministry of Education, Government of India.<ref name="CIIL">{{cite web |title=Santali Language Editorial Committee |url=https://bharatavani.in/santali/lang_com |publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages, Ministry of Education, Government of India |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref>

==Selected works==
* ''Namal'', 2014 <ref name="SahityaYuva" />
* ''Ranga Dekhi Sapa Chihne Samaya Soren'', 2019 <ref name="UtkalOdiaDept">{{cite web |title=Department of Odia |url=https://utkaluniversity.ac.in/departments/odia/ |publisher=Utkal University |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="MuseIndiaPoem">{{cite web
|last=Marndi
|first=Anpa
|title=A Spider Web and a Chopped Thumb (translated from Santali)
|url=https://museindia.com/Home/ViewContentData?arttype=feature&issid=122&menuid=11685
|website=Muse India
|publisher=Muse India
|access-date=24 February 2026
|language=en
}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]] (Santali, 2014) for ''Namal''<ref name="SahityaYuva" />

==See also==
* [[List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Santali]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marndi, Anpa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Santali writers]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Aditya Surpal

2026-04-19T16:37:09Z

AryaShah: started stub...

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| image = Surpal_in_2023.jpg
| name = Aditya Surpal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|03|16}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[India]]
| occupation = Director of Surpal Group
| education = [[Cardiff University]]
| awards = Chevalier [[Ordre national du Mérite]]
}}

'''Aditya Surpal''' (born 16 March 1982) is an Indian businessman, and Director of Surpal Group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=सुरपाल समूह को मिला l'Ordre national du Mérite, फ्रांस की मंत्री क्रिसौला ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/international/news/surpal-group-received-l-ordre-national-du-merit-1900378 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref> In 2023 he was awarded Knight [[Ordre national du Mérite]] for contribution to developing [[France–India relations|Indo-French]] cooperation in the field of education.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Aditya Surpal conferred Chevalier de l'Ordre national du Mérite |url=https://in.ambafrance.org/Aditya-Surpal-conferred-Chevalier-de-l-Ordre-national-du-Merite-19771 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=La France en Inde / France in India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya Surpal a reçu l'insigne de Chevalier de l'Ordre national du Mérite |url=https://lepetitjournal.com/bombay/aditya-surpal-chevalier-ordre-merite-371956 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=lepetitjournal.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Surpal was born in [[Ludhiana]]. He is a son of Anil Surpal, the founder of Surpal Cycles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Export market transformOnce a sleepy town, Ludhiana transforms into one of India's premier industrial centress Ludhiana from sleepy town to India's premier industrial centres |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19891031-once-a-sleepy-town-ludhiana-transforms-into-one-of-india-premier-industrial-centres-816698-1989-10-30 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=India Today |date=31 October 1989 |language=en}}</ref> He did his schooling from [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]] New Delhi. And then completed his BSc in Business Administration from [[Cardiff University]]He attended an executive program in Marketing Management from [[Harvard University]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}

In 2020, he founded Baby Doux and Au Grand Air, India's first trench [[kindergarten]] school in alliance with [[Agency for French Education Abroad]] in [[New Delhi]] and [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

== Personal life ==
Aditya Surpal is currently married to Sanjeevani Surpal.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Indiablooms |title=French Ambassador to India Emmanuel Lenain celebrates opening of Delhi's first Indo-French 'baby doux' {{!}} Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/life-details/L/4994/french-ambassador-to-india-emmanuel-lenain-celebrates-opening-of-delhi-s-first-indo-french-baby-doux.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Indiablooms.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* In 2022 Honorary Consul of Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hony Cosuls of India |url=https://www.hccdindia.com/hony-cosuls-of-india |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=www.hccdindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Protocol Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |url=https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a4Hungary?Chandigarh |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=meaprotocol.nic.in}}</ref>
* In 2023 [[National Order of Merit (France)|Officer of the National Order of Merit]] by the Minister of State [[Chrysoula Zacharopoulou]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-24 |title=ਹੰਗਰੀ ਦੂਤਘਰ ਚ ਆਨਰੇਰੀ ਕੌਂਸਲ ਬਣੇ ਆਦਿਤਿਆ ਸੁਰਪਾਲ |url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/national/news/aditya-surpal-became-honorary-consul-in-hungarian-embassy-1391891 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=jagbani}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Surpal, Aditya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Khring Khring Baitho Puja

2026-04-19T11:18:59Z

AryaShah: Started A Post Basic Info

{{Short description|Indigenous festival in India}}
{{LLM|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox Holiday
|type=Asian
|holiday_name= Khring Khring Baitho Puja
|image=
|caption=
|image_size=
|observedby=[[Sonowal Kachari people]]
|litcolor=
|date= Second Sunday of the Shukla Paksha of Phagun month of Assamese calander
|relatedto=
|frequency=Yearly
|significance= Beginning of traditional New Year
}}
'''Khring Khring Baitho Puja''', '''Baithow Puja''' or '''Khring Khring Baithaw Puja''' is a traditional religious festival celebrated by the [[Sonowal Kachari people]], an indigenous ethnic group of [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref name="assamgov">{{cite web |title=Baithow Puja, Khring Khring Baithaw Puja |url=https://assam.nic.in/holiday/baithow-puja-khring-khring-baithaw-puja/ |publisher=Government of Assam |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> It is an annually celebrated agricultural religious festival that marks the beginning of the [[Sonowal Kachari people]]'s New Year.<ref name="assamgov"/> The festival is observed at the 'Baitho Than' temple, and is accompanied by devotional songs called 'Haidang'.<ref name="haidang">{{cite journal |title=Role of Sonowal Kachari Haidang Geet as Folk Media |journal=International Education and Research Journal |url=https://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/view/1290 |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> The festival is observed on the second Sunday of the Shukla Paksha of Phaguna month of Assamese calender and continues over several days, beginning with Deo Namawa on Sunday, followed by Mul Puja on Monday, Bihu Namawa on Tuesday, and Baghdeo Puja on Wednesday.<ref name="assamgov"/>

==Etymology==
The term 'Khring' refers to “four type of living beings”; Bhraman ('who moves'), Gajan ('who emerges from soil'), Uran ('who flies'). and Buran ('who dives'). The term 'Baithow' reflects the concept of the “five elements”; sky, fire, water, air and earth, which is central to the community’s worldview.<ref name="khowang">{{cite book |title=Proceedings on Oral Traditions of the Sonowal Kachari Community |publisher=Khowang College |url=https://khowangcollege.edu.in/upload/college_books2/1748674040.pdf |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> The complete name of the festival: '''Khring Khring Baitho Puja''', connects cosmological symbolism with spiritual reverence in Sonowal Kachari belief systems.<ref name="khowang"/>

==Description==
The traditional religion of the Sonowal Kachari people and similar ethnic groups is often referred to as a form of Baitho worship, historically influenced by Kirata beliefs and centered around devotion to Khiring Khiring Baitho, a tribal form of the god [[Shiva]].<ref name="khowang"/> The Sonowal Kacharis regard Baitho (also called Baithou or Khring Khring Baitho) as their principal deity, and many of their folk-social customs and agricultural rites reflect Shiva-centric elements rooted in ancient tribal traditions.<ref name="khowang"/> In their traditional cosmology, the term Khiring Khiring is associated with the origin of the four broad classes of living beings — those that flies, dives, emerges from soil and moves — and the supreme creative force governing the universe.<ref name="khowang"/> Although the community has been influenced by Ekasarana Vaishnavism in more recent centuries, many still retain traditional Baitho worship alongside other systems of faith.

The most important ritual in this tradition is the Baitho Puja, an annual worship ceremony in which community members honour Khiring Khiring Baitho with offerings, ritual songs, and folk performances such as Haidang Geet.<ref name="haidang"/> The Haidang songs not only accompany the rites but also express cosmological themes, including narratives about creation and the spiritual world.<ref name="haidang"/> During the festival period, worship is conducted at community shrines known as Baitho Than or Baitho Shal, often featuring a symbolic pillar fashioned from wood that represents the deity and serves as a focal point for worship.<ref name="sentinel">{{cite news |title=Khring Khring Baithou Puja programme begins in Lakhimpur |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/khring-khring-baithou-puja-programme-begins-in-lakhimpur |publisher=The Sentinel Assam |date=2 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

In Sonowal Kachari custom, this multi-day ritual cycle begins in the second week after [[Shivaratri]], with devotion and pujas extending over several days.<ref name="sentinel"/> Ritual specialists chant mantras and lead ceremonies that include offerings to deities, nature spirits, and ancestral forces, reflecting an integrated worldview that honours both cosmic and terrestrial powers.<ref name="sentinel"/> This period also marks the social commencement of preparations for the Assamese New Year and the upcoming agricultural cycle, including festivities associated with [[Bohag Bihu]].<ref name="assamgov"/>

==Cultural Significance==
Khring Khring Baitho Puja occupies a central place in the religious life of the Sonowal Kacharis, who are part of the broader Bodo-Kachari ethno-linguistic family.<ref name="khowang"/> Although many members of the community today also follow mainstream Vaishnavism, traditional rites such as the Baitho Puja remain vital as markers of identity and cultural continuity.<ref name="sentinel"/> The festival is deeply rooted in folk religious practices that combine nature worship, ancestor veneration, and devotion to the principal deity, Khring Khring Baithou, often identified with a regional form of Lord Shiva in local belief.<ref name="khowang"/> Offerings and rituals during the puja reflect an enduring cosmological philosophy connecting humans with natural forces and the spirit world.<ref name="khowang"/>

==Observance and Rituals==
Khring Khring Baitho Puja is traditionally observed in the Assamese month of Phalguna (corresponding to March–April in the Gregorian calendar) and extends over several days.<ref name="assamgov"/> The exact rituals may vary by locality, but core elements include formal invocation of the Deo (deity), community worship, traditional prayers, and offerings brought before sacred posts or natural altars representing cosmological principles.<ref name="sentinel"/> The festival’s rites often involve the participation of skilled ritual specialists who conduct puja, chant mantras, and oversee offerings symbolic of the community’s hopes for prosperity, protection and agricultural wellbeing.<ref name="brighter">{{cite news |title=Lt Gen Pendharkar extends Khring Khring Baithow greetings |url=https://brighterkashmir.com/lt-gen-pendharkar-extends-khring-khring-baithow-greetings |date=3 March 2026 |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Festivals in Assam]]
[[Category:Spring festivals in India]]
[[Category:Religious festivals]]
[[Category:Worship]]
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Assam]]
[[Category:Harvest festivals in India]]

Sawantwadi Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:04Z

AryaShah: created

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sawantwadi
| constituency_no = 270
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| map_image = 270-Sawantwadi.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency|Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg]]
| established = 1962
| district = [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| incumbent_image =
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =230,545
}}
'''Sawantwadi-Vengurla-Dodamarg Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=5 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=25 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Overview==
Sawantwadi constituency is one of the three Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Sindhudurg district]]. It comprises the entire Vengurla, Sawantwadi and Dodamarg tehsils of the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=274}}</ref>

Sawantwadi is part of [[Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely [[Kankavli Assembly constituency|Kankavli]] and [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Kudal]] (part of [[Sindhudurg district]]) and [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun]], [[Ratnagiri Assembly constituency|Ratnagiri]] and [[Rajapur Assembly constituency|Rajapur]] (part of [[Ratnagiri district]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=278}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sawantwadi Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/sawantwadi.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2"|Shivramraje Sawant Bhonsle
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1972]]
| Prataprao Bhonsle
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1978]]
| Jayanand Mathkar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2"|Shivramraje Sawant Bhonsle
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2"|Pravin Prataprao Bhonsle
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2"|Shivram Dalvi
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra State Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra State Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar|Deepak Kesarkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra State Assembly election|2014]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 81,008 |percentage = 49.48% |change={{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajan Krishna Teli |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 41,109 |percentage = 25.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishal Prabhakar Parab |party=Independent politician |votes = 33,281 |percentage = 20.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Archana Ghare Parab |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,174 |percentage = 3.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,385 |percentage = 1.46% |change={{decrease}}1.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dattaram Vishnu Gaonkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,234 |percentage = 0.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,899 |percentage = 24.37% |change= {{increase}}14.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 166,090 |percentage = 72.04% |change= {{increase}}8.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 163,705}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 230,545|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 69,784 |percentage = 49.74% |change={{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajan Krishna Teli |party=Independent politician |votes = 56,556 |percentage = 40.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Baban Salgaonkar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 5,396 |percentage = 3.85% |change={{decrease}}2.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,524 |percentage = 2.51% |change={{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prakash Gopal Redkar |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 3,409 |percentage = 2.43% |change={{decrease}}1.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Satyawan Uttam Jadhav |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,450 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dadu Alias Raju Ganesh Kadam |party=Bahujan Mukti Party |votes = 1,391 |percentage = 0.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ajinkya Gawade |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,388 |percentage = 0.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,228 |percentage = 9.43% |change= {{decrease}}19.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 143,982 |percentage = |change= {{decrease}}3.07 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,309}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,302|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 70,902 |percentage = 49.12% |change={{increase}}14.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Teli Rajan Krishna |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,710 |percentage = 20.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Dattaram Gawade |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,376 |percentage = 17.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dalvi Suresh Yashawant |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 9,029 |percentage = 6.25% |change={{decrease}}42.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uparkar (Jiji) Parshuram |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 6,129 |percentage = 4.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,515 |percentage = 1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ajinkya Dhondu Gawade |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 882 |percentage = 0.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,192 |percentage = 28.53% |change= {{increase}}14.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,892 |percentage = |change= {{increase}}0.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 144,359}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 220,928|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 63,430 |percentage = 48.28% |change={{increase}}15.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dalvi Shivram Gopal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 45,012 |percentage = 34.26% |change={{decrease}}2.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin Prataprao Bhonsle |party=Independent politician |votes = 19,364 |percentage = 14.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Baburao Dattaram Dhuri |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,792 |percentage = 1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil Alias Yashwant Vasant Pednekar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,781 |percentage = 1.36% |change={{decrease}}1.69 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,418 |percentage = 14.02% |change= {{increase}}9.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 131,405 |percentage = 64.76% |change= {{decrease}}1.08 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 131,379}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,926|ref = |change= {{increase}}25.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}11.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dalvi Shivram Gopal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 39,152 |percentage = 36.85% |change={{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsle Pravin Prataprao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 34,868 |percentage = 32.82% |change={{decrease}}6.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Yashwant Dalvi |party=Independent politician |votes = 26,782 |percentage = 25.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Anil Sagun Dalvi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,232 |percentage = 3.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil Bhairu Gawade |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,216 |percentage = 2.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,284 |percentage = 4.03% |change= {{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,279 |percentage = 65.84% |change= {{increase}}14.06 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,250}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,412|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dalvi Shivram Gopal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 31,254 |percentage = 40.47% |change={{increase}}11.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin Prataprao Bhonsle |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 30,023 |percentage = 38.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vikas Bhalchandra Sawant |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 15,959 |percentage = 20.66% |change={{decrease}}16.17 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,231 |percentage = 1.59% |change= {{decrease}}6.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 82,786 |percentage = 55.48% |change= {{decrease}}21.00 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,236}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,207|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsle Pravin Prataprao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,849 |percentage = 36.84% |change={{decrease}}8.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Palav Varsha Liladhar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 31,375 |percentage = 29.00% |change={{increase}}18.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kesarkar Vasant Sitaram |party=Janata Dal |votes = 24,535 |percentage = 22.68% |change={{decrease}}10.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsle Satvashiladevi Shivaram Sawant |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,577 |percentage = 5.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Sakharam Gavankar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,321 |percentage = 2.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Savant Pandurang Attaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 942 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaonkar Dnyaneshwar Rama |party=Independent politician |votes = 908 |percentage = 0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,474 |percentage = 7.83% |change= {{decrease}}4.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,342 |percentage = 74.89% |change= {{increase}}9.57 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 108,175}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,673|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.82 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.56 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsle Pravin Prataprao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,189 |percentage = 45.40% |change={{increase}}0.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayanand Mathkar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 28,550 |percentage = 33.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naik Jaywant Balkrishna |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 9,158 |percentage = 10.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasant Sitaram Alias Anna Kesarkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,089 |percentage = 9.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,639 |percentage = 12.32% |change= {{increase}}6.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,996 |percentage = 64.41% |change= {{increase}}12.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,322}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,617|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.78 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shivram Sawant Khem Sawant Bhonsale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,135 |percentage = 44.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayanand Mathkar |party=Janata Party |votes = 21,617 |percentage = 38.37% |change={{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasant Kesarkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,276 |percentage = 11.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Kerkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,776 |percentage = 3.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Balkrishna Raghoba Sawant |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,534 |percentage = 2.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,518 |percentage = 6.24% |change= {{decrease}}4.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,408 |percentage = 51.31% |change= {{increase}}8.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,338}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,887|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}4.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shivram Sawant Khem Sawant Bhonsale |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,156 |percentage = 49.35% |change={{increase}}47.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayanand Mathakar |party=Janata Party |votes = 16,458 |percentage = 38.39% |change={{decrease}}23.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kanekar Shripad Narsinh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,256 |percentage = 12.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,698 |percentage = 10.96% |change= {{decrease}}19.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,803 |percentage = 42.53% |change= {{decrease}}25.13 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,870}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 102,997|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mathkar Jayanand Shivram |party=Janata Party |votes = 41,331 |percentage = 61.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalchandra Anant Sawant |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,992 |percentage = 31.40% |change={{decrease}}31.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasant Sita Ram Kesarkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,203 |percentage = 3.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant Sawlaram Rajaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,406 |percentage = 2.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant Balkrishna R. |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 930 |percentage = 1.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,339 |percentage = 30.42% |change= {{decrease}}7.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,955 |percentage = 68.84% |change= {{increase}}9.01 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,862}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,163|ref = |change= {{increase}}31.09 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Pratap Rao Deo Rao Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 27,647 |percentage = 62.67% |change={{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaya Nand Shiv Ram Mathkar |party=Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 10,747 |percentage = 24.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpat Sitaram Kaleskar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,294 |percentage = 12.00% |change={{increase}}5.4 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. R. Sawant Aliast Desai |party=Independent politician |votes = 428 |percentage = 0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,900 |percentage = 38.31% |change= {{decrease}}4.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,796 |percentage = 59.94% |change= {{decrease}}1.01 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,116}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,405|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shivram Sawant Khem Sawant Bhonsale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 27,452 |percentage = 66.29% |change={{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaya Nand Shiv Ram Mathkar |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 9,686 |percentage = 23.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpat Sitaram Kaleskar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,732 |percentage = 6.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. R. Desai |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,544 |percentage = 3.73% |change={{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,766 |percentage = 42.90% |change= {{decrease}}22.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,988 |percentage = 62.41% |change= {{increase}}12.15 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 41,414}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,487|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.28 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sawantwadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shivram Sawant Khem Sawant Bhonsale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,455 |percentage = 80.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Laxman Narayan Govekar |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,978 |percentage = 15.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajaram Apa Gawas |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,067 |percentage = 3.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,477 |percentage = 65.01% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,055 |percentage = 50.38% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,500}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,597|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Sawantvadi]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sindhudurg district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|15.91|73.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sindhudurg district]]
[[Category:Sawantwadi]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Purnima Kumari

2026-04-15T16:20:28Z

AryaShah:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Purnima Kumari
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|2|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jambahar, [[Simdega district|Simdega]], [[Jharkhand]], India
| currentclub = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| clubnumber = 2
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2021
| clubs2 = Biratnagar Metropolitan City
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2024–
| clubs3 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 =
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 =
| nationalgoals2 =
| nationalyears3 = 2025–
| nationalteam3 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 8
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 15 April 2026
}}
'''Purnima Kumari''' (born 10 February 2005)<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF Under 20 National Team - 2 Purnima Kumari |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/104044 |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=The AIFF}}</ref> is an Indian professional footballer from [[Jharkhand]] who plays as a defender for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] and the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]]. She has also represented [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]] in the senior national championships.

== Early life and education ==
Kumari is from Jambahar village, [[Thethaitangar block|Thethaitanger block]], [[Simdega district]], Jharkhand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=सिमडेगा की बेटी पहुंची फीफा वर्ल्ड कप, मैच देखने के लिए परिजन के पास नहीं है टीवी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/jamshedpur/simdega-football-player-purnima-kumari-playing-under-17-fifa-world-cup-there-is-no-road-to-go-her-house/1393045 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> Her father’s name Jeetu Manjhi and she has five sisters and a brother, Ranjit Manjhi, who is a daily wage worker. Her brother also runs a roadside cart to sell instant food. Her second eldest sister, Sanmait Kumari brought her up<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-17 |title=U-17 WC footballer Purnima's family battles acute poverty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/u-17-wc-footballer-purnimas-family-battles-acute-poverty/articleshow/94905535.cms |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> after the death of her mother Chaiti Devi in 2006. She comes from a poor family and lives in a thatched hut. Since they do not have a TV at home, the family tried to watch her under–17 World Cup matches on a mobile phone, but bad network let them down. She learnt football playing with her brother during her childhood.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

She studied at Government Middle School, Jambahar and shifted to Ursuline Convent School in Simdega town from Class 6. In 2016, she joined a residential girls football training center in [[Hazaribagh|Hazaribag]] where she joined St. Columbus collegiate school.

== Career ==
Kumari represented India in the 7th [[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|FIFA U–17 Women’s World Cup]] 2022 at Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-05 |title=India's squad for FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2022 announced |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indias-squad-for-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-2022-announced-8191021/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-10-05 |title=India announce 21-member squad for FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/india-announce-21-member-squad-for-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup/article65971418.ece |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Indian team played three matches against [[United States|USA]], [[Brazil]] and [[Morocco]] in Group A and lost all their matches.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=India at FIFA Women's U-17 World Cup: Meet the squad |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/37632773/meet-squad |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India U17 Scores, Stats and Highlights - ESPN (IN) |url=https://www.espn.in/football/club/_/id/21564/india-u17 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

She took part in the [[School Games Federation of India]] games, [[Subroto Cup]] and in 2019 played the under–17 All India [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]].<ref name=":1" /> She also played in the under–17 SAFF Women's championship in Bhutan in 2019-2020, under–19 [[SAFF Women's Championship|SAFF Women's championship]] in Bangladesh in 2021 and under–18 SAFF Women's championship in [[Jamshedpur]] in 2022.<ref name=":1" /> She made her senior India debut against Jordan at the Al Hamriya Sports Club Stadium, Sharjah, UAE on 20 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior India women produce a dominant display to tame Jordan in Sharjah opener |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/senior-india-women-produce-a-dominant-display-to-tame-jordan-in-sharjah-opener |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref>

In 2021, she played for the club Biratnagar Metropolitan City<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal fall to India in SAFF U-18 Women's Championship opener|url=https://the-anfa.com/news-detail/1497|website=the-anfa.com|publisher=ANFA|access-date=21 February 2023|date=15 March 2022|archive-date=15 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160228/https://the-anfa.com/news-detail/1497}}</ref> in the [[2021 National Women's League (Nepal)|2021]] season of the [[National Women's League (Nepal)|Nepal National Women's League]].

=== Awards ===
Paying for Sethu FC in the Indian Women's League 2025, she bagged the Best Defender award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of all individual award winners from IWL 2024-25 season |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-iwl-individual-award-winners-202505 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|15 April 2026}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=2|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2025
|6
|0
|-
|2026
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!8
!0
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/104044 Purnima Kumari] at All India Football Federation.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Purnima}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People from Simdega district]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate women's footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Nepal]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Nepal]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Badami Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:15:32Z

AryaShah: started new stub...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Badami
| mla = [[Bhimsen Chimmanakatti]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 23
| map_image = 23-Badami constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Bagalkote district|Bagalkote]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]]
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:220435}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
'''Badami Assembly constituency''' is one of 224 assembly constituencies in [[Karnataka]] State, in India. It is part of [[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="3" | Venkanagouda Hanumantagouda Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || P. K. Mahagundappa || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Raosaheb Desai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="2" | [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Desai Ravasaheb Tulasigerappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Siddaramaiah]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || Bhimsen Chimmanakatti
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Badami">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Badami |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1023.htm?ac=23 |access-date=16 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516154744/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1023.htm?ac=23 |archive-date=16 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimsen Chimmanakatti |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 65,845 |percentage = 38.95% |change = {{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shanthagouda Thirthgouda Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,120 |percentage = 33.20% |change = {{decrease}}7.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanamant B. Mavinamarad |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 41,572 |percentage = 24.59% |change = {{increase}}9.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogin Shivarayappa Doddakariyappa |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,650 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,479 |percentage = 0.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,725 |percentage = 5.75% |change = {{increase}}4.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,108 |percentage = 77.17% |change = {{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 169,038}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 220,435 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Siddaramaiah]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 67,599 |percentage = 41.24% |change = {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B Sreeramulu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,903 |percentage = 40.20% |change = {{increase}}18.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanamant B. Mavinamarad |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 24,484 |percentage = 14.94% |change = {{decrease}}15.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somashekhar Basappa Baragundi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,235 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,007 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,696 |percentage = 1.03% |change = {{decrease}}9.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 164,006 |percentage = 75.33% |change = {{increase}}4.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 163,925}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 217,721 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 57,446 |percentage = 41.31% |change = {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahantesh Gurupadappa Mamadapur |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 42,333 |percentage = 30.44% |change = {{increase}}24.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 30,310 |percentage = 21.79% |change = {{decrease}}23.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basayya Prabayya Hallur |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 3,095 |percentage = 2.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M S Patil |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 1,807 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kantichandra Jyothi |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,616 |percentage = 1.16% |change = {{decrease}}2.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dayanand Sridharrao Kulkarni |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,456 |percentage = 1.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Jamindar |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 1,008 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,113 |percentage = 10.87% |change = {{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 139,076 |percentage = 70.71% |change = {{increase}}4.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 139,071}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 196,673 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.62 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 53,409 |percentage = 44.85% |change = {{decrease}}9.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,302 |percentage = 40.56% |change = {{increase}}6.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ningappa Basappa Bannur |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,569 |percentage = 6.36% |change = {{increase}}0.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Krishnaji Kattimani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,030 |percentage = 3.38% |change = {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Virupakshagouda Shankaragouda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,678 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumar Basavlingayya Hampiholi |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,242 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manohar H Ayyannavar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,040 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Banni Sangappa Veerappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 825 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,107 |percentage = 4.29% |change = {{decrease}}15.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,182 |percentage = 65.82% |change = {{increase}}0.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,095}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,069 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,678 |percentage = 53.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,677 |percentage = 34.43% |change = {{decrease}}14.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muchakandayya Basayya Hangargi |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,590 |percentage = 5.72% |change = {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maraditota Laxmana Rangappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,284 |percentage = 2.34% |change = {{increase}}1.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Veerupakshagouda Shankaragouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,592 |percentage = 1.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dodamani Rajesab Modinsab |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,123 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manohar Hanamantappa Elegar |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 858 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,001 |percentage = 19.43% |change = {{increase}}18.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,862 |percentage = 65.52% |change = {{decrease}}4.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,802}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,357 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.03 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,962 |percentage = 49.24% |change = {{increase}}15.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pattanashetty Mahagundappa Kallappa |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 42,565 |percentage = 48.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Maraditot |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,110 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunkad Shivana Gouda Shankara Gouda |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 620 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 397 |percentage = 0.45% |change = {{decrease}}1.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,882 |percentage = 69.82% |change = {{increase}}0.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 87,257}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,726 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}15.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,354 |percentage = 34.16% |change = {{decrease}}1.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty |party = Janata Dal |votes = 25,956 |percentage = 32.42% |change = {{decrease}}18.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaddigoudar Parwatagouda Chandanagoud |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,053 |percentage = 18.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogin Bhimappa Sakrappa |party = Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha |votes = 4,465 |percentage = 5.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hallur Basayya Prabhayya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,098 |percentage = 3.87% |change = {{increase}}2.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arishinagodi Sonamma Bhimappa |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,373 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Udagatti Shasikant Hanamantappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 831 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,398 |percentage = 1.75% |change = {{decrease}}13.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 82,413 |percentage = 69.50% |change = {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 80,070}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,581 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}16.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahagundappa Kallappa Pattanshetty |party = Janata Dal |votes = 36,596 |percentage = 50.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shiddayya Shivayya Kadayyanavar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,405 |percentage = 35.36% |change = {{decrease}}0.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimappa Sakrappajogin |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 5,711 |percentage = 7.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basayya. M. M |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,490 |percentage = 2.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Praksh Shivayogeppa Chitta Ragi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,198 |percentage = 1.67% |change = {{increase}}0.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhakar Hanamantarao Desai |party = Independent politician |votes = 701 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,191 |percentage = 15.58% |change = {{decrease}}7.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,153 |percentage = 67.47% |change = {{decrease}}3.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,850}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,866 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.45 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Ravasaheb Tulasigerappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 36,701 |percentage = 59.11% |change = {{increase}}57.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,235 |percentage = 35.81% |change = {{decrease}}15.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khaji Ismailsab Hasimsab |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,226 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gudi Narasinhacharya Huchhacharya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 560 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naganur Chinagibadashah Kamalsab |party = Independent politician |votes = 508 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jigeri Basappa Dyamanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 380 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,466 |percentage = 23.30% |change = {{increase}}17.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,487 |percentage = 71.13% |change = {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,089}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,254 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.81 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,336 |percentage = 50.88% |change = {{increase}}32.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Ravasaheb Tulasigerappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,360 |percentage = 45.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Payannavar Yamanappa Basappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 973 |percentage = 1.81% |change = {{decrease}}34.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Gangagouda Shankaragouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 674 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,976 |percentage = 5.54% |change = {{decrease}}2.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,693 |percentage = 66.65% |change = {{decrease}}6.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,726}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,967 |percentage = 3.53% |change = {{increase}}1.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,566 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.55 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}6.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. B. Chimmanakatti]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 24,249 |percentage = 44.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pattanashetti Kallappa Mahagundappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,772 |percentage = 36.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lagali Hoovappa Yallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,226 |percentage = 18.85% |change = {{decrease}}43.69 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,477 |percentage = 8.25% |change = {{decrease}}18.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,138 |percentage = 73.59% |change = {{increase}}0.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,247}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,091 |percentage = 1.94% |change = {{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,280 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.58 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}17.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Raosaheb Desai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,832 |percentage = 62.54% |change = {{increase}}25.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. K. Mahagundappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 17,086 |percentage = 35.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Digambar Hanamant |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 783 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,746 |percentage = 26.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,315 |percentage = 72.79% |change = {{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,701}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,754 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.72 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = P. K. Mahagundappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,849 |percentage = 63.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. Hanamantagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,897 |percentage = 36.56% |change = {{decrease}}22.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,952 |percentage = 26.88% |change = {{increase}}6.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,455 |percentage = 73.58% |change = {{increase}}11.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,746}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,060 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.84 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Venkanagouda Hanumantagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,573 |percentage = 58.93% |change = {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarappa Shankarappa Pattanshetti |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 11,585 |percentage = 38.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mrutyunjaya Neelkanthayya Hiremath |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 663 |percentage = 2.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,988 |percentage = 20.08% |change = {{decrease}}1.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,321 |percentage = 62.30% |change = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,821}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,878 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Venkanagouda Hanumantagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,460 |percentage = 60.73% |change = {{decrease}}4.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Shankarappagouda Basalingappagouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,938 |percentage = 39.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,522 |percentage = 21.46% |change = {{decrease}}8.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,398 |percentage = 62.72% |change = {{decrease}}1.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,398}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,468 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Badami <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Venkanagouda Hanumantagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,186 |percentage = 65.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Shankarappagouda Basalingappagouda |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 10,276 |percentage = 34.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,910 |percentage = 30.24% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 29,462 |percentage = 64.14% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,462}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,934 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
[[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|15.92|75.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bagalkot district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Santokben Aarethiya

2026-04-12T00:42:46Z

AryaShah: created

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP one source|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Santokben Aarethiya
| image =
| office = Member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Santokben Bachubhai Aarethiya''' (born 1965) is a politician from [[Gujarat]], India. She is a member of [[Indian National Congress]]. She was a member of 14th [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-28 |title=Gujarat diverted 187 ha of forest land to industry in 4 years: Government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-diverted-187-ha-of-forest-land-to-industry-in-4-years-govt-7248625/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aarethiya, Santokben}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kutch district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Women members of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

{{Gujarat-INC-politician-stub}}

Dipak Pralhad Chavan

2026-04-04T20:27:51Z

AryaShah: new info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dipak Pralhad Chavan
| native_name =
| image =
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = [[Ramraje Naik Nimbalkar]]
| successor = [[Sachin Patil (politician)|Sachin Patil]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Politician
| children =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan]]
| profession =
| spouse =
| sibling =
| website =
}}

'''Dipak Pralhad Chavan''' is a leader of [[Nationalist Congress Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2022 |title=Chavan Dipak Pralhad(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency – Phaltan (SC) (SATARA) Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/mh2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=3331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121103336/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://myneta.info/mh2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=3331 |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022 |website= [[Association for Democratic Reforms|myneta.info]] |language=English
}}</ref> and a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Phaltan Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Phaltan Election Results 2019 Live Updates (फलटण): Dipak Pralhad Chavan of NCP Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/phaltan-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2358879.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026161711/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/politics/phaltan-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2358879.html |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[News18 India]] |language=English
}}</ref> in [[Satara (city)|Satara]] city.

==Positions held==
* 2019: Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chavan, Dipak Pralhad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Satara (city)]]

{{Maharashtra-NCP-politician-stub}}

Balbharati

2026-03-31T18:55:54Z

AryaShah: started info

{{Short description|State agency in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Balbharati
| native_name = The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research
| image_name =
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{start date and age|27 January 1967}}
| closed =
| type = Government institution
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| rector =
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Pune]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| province =
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|18.5177|73.8148|display=inline,title|type:edu}}
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| sports =
| colors =
| colours =
| nickname =
| athletics =
| affiliations =
| website = {{URL|https://ebalbharati.in}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Balbharati''' (The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research) is located in [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=Sprawling Balbharati library in Pune is now open for public |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/sprawling-balbharati-library-in-pune-is-now-open-for-public-101661883272107.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==The Institute==
The institute was established by the [[Vasantrao Naik]] Government of Maharashtra on 27 January 1967. This was as per the recommendations of the [[Kothari Commission]]. This is to improve the quality of textbooks for Stds. I to VIII, and to make textbooks available at a reasonable price. Balbharati institute is an autonomous body registered under the Public Trusts Act 1950 and the Societies Registration Act, 1860.

==The Editorial Team==
The editorial team consists of following members:
* Vijaya Wad
* Gajanan Chawhan
* H G Narlawar
* Rajeev Tambe
* Dilip Phaltankar
* Shrikant Chougule
* Madhav Rajguru<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.balbharati.in/downloadbooks/5th-MarSulabha-Eng.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 July 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045336/http://www.balbharati.in/downloadbooks/5th-MarSulabha-Eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Online Books ==

To address the issue of delayed textbook distribution, Balbharati has made soft copies of its textbooks available on its official website, allowing students to easily download the books. These e-books cover all subjects from the 1st to the 12th grade and can be accessed for free from the [https://books.ebalbharati.in/ Balbharati website].

Currently, the textbooks are available in eight languages:
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[Urdu]]
* [[Kannada]]
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]

Additionally, Balbharati has made available 35 district-specific books for Standard III Geography, titled ''My District'', which are accessible on the website.

Furthermore, Balbharati introduced the new syllabus for Class XI and Class XII in the academic years 2019–2020, 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively, with these updated [https://ebalbharti.hostmyfiles.in/ textbooks also available online].

For more details, students and educators can visit the official Balbharati website to download the required resources.

== Balbharti Official Website ==
In the year 2023, the main website of Balbharti 'balbharati.in" is no longer the website of Balbharti.
Balbharati provides e-books through its second portal ebalbharati.in. This website serves as an important resource for students across the state, providing access to PDF files of textbooks and storing important information. A conspiracy has been taken to fraudulently take advantage of the brand reputation of Balbharati. Transfer action has been taken by an unknown person in his name.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Balbharati domain name found on sale |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/balbharati-domain-name-found-on-sale-101689706848296.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.balbharati.in/index1.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023200619/http://www.balbharati.in/index1.htm |date=23 October 2016 }}

[[Category:Book publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Education in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Pune]]
[[Category:State agencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1867]]

Betpuli

2026-03-27T11:28:55Z

AryaShah: started a data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Betpuli
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = [[West Bengal]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.8477|N|88.7484|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.0106
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 9,404
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 743263
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03216
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Habra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habra]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Betpuli''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Habra I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Barasat Sadar subdivision]] of the [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=500| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|36|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Barasat subdivision, North 24 Parganas''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|48|55|N|88|37|48|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Anarbaria | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Anarbaria]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|44|26|N|88|31|20|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Bamangachhi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bamangachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|49|N|88|36|1|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bara Bamonia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bara Bamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|51|N|88|44|54|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Betpuli| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=Betpuli (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black 
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|47|13|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bira| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bira, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|44|4|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Chak Barbaria| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chak Barbaria]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|45|48|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandrapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chandrapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|46|42|N|88|33|45|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chatta Baria| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Chatta Baria]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|38|25|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Deara| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Deara]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|40|N|88|41|4|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10= Deulia| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Deulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|54|40|N|88|32|4|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Dhania| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Dhania, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|45|19|N|88|31|29|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Digha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Digha, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|46|32|N|88|33|10|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Duttapukur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Duttapukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|47|10|N|88|32|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Gangapur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Gangapur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|13|N|88|44|28|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Gobardanga| numbered15=M| mark-title15=[[Gobardanga]] (M)| shape-color15= #800000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|49|20|N|88|36|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Guma| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Guma, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|46|15|N|88|34|10|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Joypul| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Joypul]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|48|23|N|88|35|47|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Khorddabamonia| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Khorddabamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|26|34|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Kokapur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Kokapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|42|22|N|88|32|28|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Koyra| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Koyra, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|45|5|N|88|31|2|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Kulberia| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Kulberia]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|51|20|N|88|44|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Maslandapur| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Maslandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|52|23|N|88|44|22|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Nokpul| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Nokpul]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|47|50|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Purbba Narayanpur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Purbba Narayanpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|51|46|N|88|45|0|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Sadpur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Sadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|31|10|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Shibalaya| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Shibalaya]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|40|N|88|29|10|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Barasat| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Barasat]] (M)| shape-color27= #800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|49|58|N|88|37|58|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ashoknagar Kalyangarh| numbered28=M| mark-title28=[[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]] (M) | shape-color28= #800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|50|42|N|88|39|1|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Habra| numbered29=M| mark-title29=[[Habra]] (M) | shape-color29= #800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Madhyamgram| numbered30=M| mark-title30=[[Madhyamgram]] (M) | shape-color30= #800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|42|37|N|88|41|18|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Chandraketugarh| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Chandraketugarh]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|48|18|N|88|30|23|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Amdanga| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Amdanga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|22|45|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Barbaria| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Barbaria (village)]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|22|42|5|N|88|41|24|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34=Berachampa| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Berachampa]] (R) |shape-color34=#C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|22|43|41|N|88|27|12|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35=Berunanpukuria| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Berunanpukuria]] (R) |shape-color35=#C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|22|44|50|N|88|32|7|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Chhota Jagulia| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Chhota Jagulia]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|22|41|39|N|88|38|58|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Deganga| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Deganga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|22|40|11|N|88|31|16|E}} | label-pos38=left|label38= Krishnapur Madanpur| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Krishnapur Madanpur]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|22|50|39|N|88|34|5|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Sabdalpur| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Sabdalpur]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|22|39|56|N|88|34|57|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Shasan| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Shasan, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|22|38|30|N|88|37|0|E}} | label41= Bidyadhari River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 10| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|54|0|N|88|43|30|E}} | label42= Jamuna |labela42=River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 60| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none}}

===Location===
Betpuli is located at {{coord|22.8477|N|88.7484|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area covered in the map alongside is largely a part of the north Bidyadhari Plain. located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}</ref> The country is flat. It is a little raised above flood level and the highest ground borders the river channels.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hkj2xOrEwkC&q=24+parganas+district+gazetteer&pg=PA1|title = Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas|last = LSS O’Malley|work= p 1-4|year = 2009| publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn = 9788172681937| access-date = 3 May 2018 }}</ref>54.67% of the people of the densely populated area lives in the urban areas and 45.33% lives in the rural areas.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Betpuli had a total population of 9,404, of which 4,777 (51%) were males and 4,627 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 833. The total number of literate persons in Betpuli was 7,561 (88.31% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1911_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, North Twnty Four Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 322903, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 18 June 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, North Twenty Four Parganas'', 2011, Betpuli covered an area of 2.0106 km2. The protected water-supply involved hand pump, tank, pond, lake. It had 964 domestic electric connections. Among the educational facilities, it had 2 primary schools, other schools at Rajballavpur 3  km away. The nearest college was 13 km away at [[Habra]]. It specialises in tailoring.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 16 June 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]

Sunil Jogi

2026-03-26T10:33:55Z

AryaShah: reworked section and corrected details after review

{{Short description|Indian poet and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Jogi
| image = Dr.SunilJogi.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Yash Bharti Award]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|1|1|df=yes}}{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| occupation = Poet, author
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse =
| parents =
| website = https://drsuniljogi.com/
}}

'''Sunil Jogi''' is an Indian author.<ref name="Google Books Profile">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Google Books Profile|url=https://www.google.ae/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Dr.+Sunil+Jogi%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=5|access-date=24 February 2015|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Lord Hanuman">{{cite book|author=Sunil Jogi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KgAAwAAQBAJ&q=sunil+jogi,+minister|title=Lord Hanuman|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books|year=2014|isbn=9789350834435|pages=222}}</ref> He is a poet of comic verses<ref name="IBN Live">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Kavi Dr. Sunil Jogi ka Hasya Hungama|url=http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/ajit-pawar/videos/kavi-dr-sunil-jogi-ka-hasya-hungama-epg061PVlIE-1881933.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224172728/http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/ajit-pawar/videos/kavi-dr-sunil-jogi-ka-hasya-hungama-epg061PVlIE-1881933.html|archive-date=24 February 2015|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=IBN Live}}</ref> and the ex-president of the [[Hindustani Academy]],<ref name="Hindustani Academy">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Hindustani Academy|url=http://hindustaniacademy.com/index.php|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=Hindustani Academy}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web|date=17 April 2013|title=Litterateurs say new Hindustani Academy chief not fit for post |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/litterateurs-say-new-hindustani-academy-chief-not-fit-for-post/1103522/|access-date=24 February 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="Hon'ble U.P state minister Sunil Jogi speaks on 20th anniversary of Icare eye hospital Noida">{{cite web|date=5 December 2013|title=Hon'ble U.P state minister Sunil Jogi speaks on 20th anniversary of Icare eye hospital Noida|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWsaVOyEaLo|access-date=24 February 2015|work=YouTube video|publisher=ICare Eye Hospital}}</ref> a post holding the rank of a Minister of State in the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Minister of State">{{cite web|date=12 April 2013|title=Minister of State|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/six-more-sp-leaders-get-mos-status/article1-1043365.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224181238/http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/six-more-sp-leaders-get-mos-status/article1-1043365.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2015|access-date=24 February 2015|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web|date=25 October 2014|title=Mathrubhumi|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/kerala/akhilesh-first-sacks-82-mos-rank-holders-then-spares-16-153654.html|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=Mathrubhumi|archive-date=24 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224170907/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/kerala/akhilesh-first-sacks-82-mos-rank-holders-then-spares-16-153654.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is also a Hindi adviser to the Ministry of Railways & Parliamentary Affairs.

==Life==
Born on 1 January 1971{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}, Jogi obtained his master's degree and doctoral degrees in Hindi.<ref name="Indian Express" /> literature<ref name="Hasya Kavi Sammelan">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Hasya Kavi Sammelan|url=http://www.hasyakavisammelan.com/index.php/about-us|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=Hasya Kavi Sammelan|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005151/http://www.hasyakavisammelan.com/index.php/about-us|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the author of over 100 books<ref name="Blog">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Blog|url=http://kavisuniljogi.blogspot.ae/|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=Blog}}</ref> and is the president of MAA Foundation, New Delhi,<ref name="Hasya Kavi Sammelan" /> a nonprofit organization promoting sustainable education in rural areas.<ref name="Maa Foundation">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Maa Foundation|url=http://www.maafoundation.org/index.php?nuser=about_us&flash_flag=1|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=Maa Foundation}}</ref> Jogi was honored by the Government of India in 2015 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Padma Awards|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|archive-date=28 January 2015|access-date=16 February 2015|publisher=Padma Awards}}</ref><ref name="GK Update">{{cite web|date=15 February 2015|title=GK Update|url=http://gkupdate.com/important-news-week-february-2015-part-2/|access-date=24 February 2015|publisher=GK Update}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KgAAwAAQBAJ&q=sunil+jogi,+minister | title=Lord Hanuman | publisher=Diamond Pocket Books | author=Sunil Jogi | year=2014 | pages=222 | isbn=9789350834435}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/ajit-pawar/videos/kavi-dr-sunil-jogi-ka-hasya-hungama-epg061PVlIE-1881933.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224172728/http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/ajit-pawar/videos/kavi-dr-sunil-jogi-ka-hasya-hungama-epg061PVlIE-1881933.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 February 2015 | title=Kavi Dr. Sunil Jogi ka Hasya Hungama | publisher=IBN Live |year=2015 | access-date=24 February 2015}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWsaVOyEaLo | title=Hon'ble U.P state minister Sunil Jogi speaks on 20th anniversary of Icare eye hospital Noida | work=YouTube video | publisher=ICare Eye Hospital | date=5 December 2013 | access-date=24 February 2015}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.google.ae/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Dr.+Sunil+Jogi%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=5 | title=Google Books Profile |via=Google Books |year=2015 | access-date=24 February 2015}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jogi, Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Sanson Ki Mala Pe

2026-03-26T07:23:26Z

AryaShah: adjusted page for accuracy and added references

{{Short description|Traditional composition attributed to Tufail Hoshiarpuri Ghazal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Sanson Ki Mala Pe
| cover =
| alt =
| type = Single
| artist = [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]
| album =
| language = [[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]]
| released = 2004
| format =
| recorded = 3 November 1983
| studio =
| venue = Leicester, United Kingdom
| genre = * [[Qawwali]]
| length = 13:31
| label = [[Oriental Star Agencies]]
| composer = [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

'''Sanson Ki Mala Pe''' was first played by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan during his first visit to India in 1979, when Indian actor and filmmaker Raj Kapoor invited him at the wedding of his son [[Rishi Kapoor]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=न्यूज़ |first1=एबीपी |title=4 दशक पहले ऋषि कपूर और नीतू कपूर की शादी में नुसरत अली खान ने किया था परफॉर्म, इस गाने से बांधा था समां |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/nusrat-ali-khan-performed-40-years-ago-at-the-wedding-of-rishi-kapoor-and-neetu-kapoor-1605300 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi |date=18 October 2020}}</ref> This is a [[Qawwali]] by the legendary Pakistani singer-songwriter [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Quint |first1=The |title=Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan had Performed for Rishi and Neetu's Sangeet |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/nusrat-fateh-ali-khan-had-performed-for-rishi-and-neetus-sangeet |website=TheQuint |publisher=The Quint |language=en |date=23 November 2015}}</ref>

When the song first came out commercially, including in its 1994 master release, the credits listed it as [[Traditional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanson Ki Mala – Master Release |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/1982245-Nusrat-Fateh-Ali-Khan-Sanson-Ki-Mala |website=Discogs}}</ref>

After the master release labeled the piece as [[Traditional]], another commercial release came out on December 21, 1995, and did the same—listing it as “Written-By: [[Traditional]].”<ref>{{cite web
|title=Sanson Ki Mala – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (1995 release)
|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/15209108-Nusrat-Fateh-Ali-Khan-Sanson-Ki-Mala
|website=Discogs
|publisher=Zink Media, Inc.
|access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref>
After early releases credited the composition as “[[Traditional]],” the ghazal was later published in 1995 in Tufail Hoshiarpuri's poetry collection *Soch Mala*, where “Sanson Ki Mala Pe (Urdu: سانسوں کی مالا پر, translit. sāñsoñ kī mālā par simrūñ nis-din pī kā nām)” appears as a listed work of [[Tufail Hoshiarpuri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Saanson Ki Maalaa Par Simron Nisdin Pii Ka Naam |url=https://www.sufinama.org/kalaam/saanson-kii-maalaa-par-simron-nisdin-pii-kaa-naam-tufail-hoshiarpuri-kalaam-1 |website=Sufinama |access-date=11 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Soch Mala |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/soch-mala-tufail-hoshiyarpuri-ebooks/?lang=hi |website=Rekhta |access-date=11 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hoshiarpuri |first=Tufail |title=Soch Mala Geet Dohe Ghazal |url=https://archive.org/details/soch-mala-geet-dohe-ghazal-tufail-hoshiarpuri/page/n203/mode/2up |website=Internet Archive |access-date=11 September 2025}}</ref>

But then, in 2001, a commercial release came out and gave [[Tufail Hoshiarpuri]] credit for the lyrics.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Sanson Ki Mala Pe – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (2001 release)
|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/13532246-Nusrat-Fateh-Ali-Khan-Sanson-Ki-Mala-Pe
|website=Discogs
|publisher=Zink Media, Inc.
|access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref> The composition has also been associated with the medieval Bhakti poet [[Mirabai]], largely due to its devotional imagery centered on Krishna-bhakti themes such as Radha–Krishna symbolism and spiritual longing.<ref>{{cite news |last=TOI Entertainment Desk |date=November 6, 2020 |title=Ustad Rahat Fateh Ali Khan pays tribute to his guru Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan with 'Sanson Ki Mala' Cover |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/ustad-rahat-fateh-ali-khan-pays-tribute-to-his-guru-ustad-nusrat-fateh-ali-khan-with-sanson-ki-mala-cover/articleshow/79086160.cms |access-date=February 27, 2026 |quote='Sanson Ki Mala' is a soulful track... written by the 16th century Lord Krishna devotee and poet, Meera Bai.}}</ref>

On 3 November 1983 at the Wallace Lawley Centre in Birmingham, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan delivered a powerful live performance that transformed the poem's reflective verses into an intense Sufi devotional expression, capturing themes of spiritual longing and ecstasy, and the recording of this performance was later released in 2004 by [[Oriental Star Agencies]] after his passing, showcasing his distinctive blend of classical poetry and qawwali while introducing the work to a wider international audience and reinforcing its enduring place in South Asian musical traditions.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – Sanson Ki Mala Pe (Live)
|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYSaHXXFIBU
|website=YouTube
|publisher=Official Channel
|access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|last=Purkayastha
|first=Pallabi Dey
|title=Ustad Rahat Fateh Ali Khan pays tribute to his guru Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan with 'Sanson Ki Mala' Cover
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/ustad-rahat-fateh-ali-khan-pays-tribute-to-his-guru-ustad-nusrat-fateh-ali-khan-with-sanson-ki-mala-cover/articleshow/79086160.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=6 November 2020
|access-date=2 March 2026
}}</ref>

==Remakes==

{{Infobox song
| name = Saanson Ki Mala
| cover =
| alt =
| type = Song
| artist = [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| album = [[Koyla (1997 film)|Koyla]]
| language = [[Urdu]]
| released = 1997
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = * [[Filmi]]
*[[Indian pop]]
| length = {{Duration|m=6|s=47}}
| label = [[Tips Industries]]
| lyricist = [[Indeevar]]
| composer = [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

In 1996, the song was recomposed by [[Nadeem–Shravan]] for the film [[Jeet (1996 film)|''Jeet'']], starring [[Sunny Deol]], [[Karisma Kapoor]], and [[Salman Khan]].

It was also recreated for the 1997 Hindi film [[Koyla (1997 film)|''Koyla'']]. It was recomposed by [[Rajesh Roshan]], sung by [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], and picturized on [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]].

Later, [[Michael Winterbottom]] used the original version of the song as a [[soundtrack]] in his 2011 film [[Trishna (2011 film)|''Trishna'']], starring [[Freida Pinto]] and [[Riz Ahmed]].

In 2020, [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]] paid homage to his uncle Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan with a [[cover version]] of the song, saying, "Sanson Ki Mala [is] a [[Qawwali]] very close to my heart, and this time it has been presented as a fusion track, conceptualised by Salman Ahmed. I dedicate the release to my mentor, Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, and my father, Ustad [[Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan]]."<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2020 |title=Rahat Fateh Ali Khan… |work=The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2271374/rahat-fateh-ali-khan-pays-homage-to-ustad-nusrat-with-sanson-ki-mala-remake}}</ref>

In 2022, Portuguese guitarist Andre Antunes released a metal reinterpretation of the song which became a viral sensation on [[YouTube]]. The video, titled "Legendary Pakistani Singer goes Metal,"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andre |first=Antunes |date=28 September 2022 |title=Legendary Pakistani Singer goes Metal |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp9YVQcOjgo&list=LL&index=2 |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=YouTube}}</ref> features Antunes playing heavy metal guitar riffs over [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]'s original vocal performance. This unlikely fusion of [[Qawwali]] and metal has garnered millions of views and introduced the timeless masterpiece to a new generation of listeners, unearthing the classic for a global audience and receiving widespread acclaim for its creativity and power.

In 2023, the song was remade as "Simroon Tera Naam" by Manan Bhardwaj and sung by [[Sachet Tandon]] for the [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] Hindi film ''[[Yaariyan 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simroon Tera Naam from Yaariyan 2 is an emotional track featuring Divya Khosla Kumar. Watch now |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/simroon-tera-naam-song-from-yaariyaan-2-is-out-now/103427910 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Qawwali songs]]
[[Category:Ghazal songs]]
[[Category:Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan songs]]
[[Category:Sufi songs]]

Thiagarajar Polytechnic College, Alagappanagar

2026-03-25T16:12:28Z

AryaShah: new

{{Short description|Polytechnic college in Thrissur district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Thiagarajar Polytechnic College
| image = Thiagarajaar polytechnic alagappanagr.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| other_name = Alagappa Poly
| former_name = Alagappanagar Polytechnic College
| motto = Work is Worship
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| top_free_label =
| top_free =
| type = Aided College
| established = 1956
| founder = Dr. [[Alagappa Chettiar]]
| parent =
| affiliation = [[AICTE]]
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation = [[Department of Technical Education]], kerala
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
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| rector =
| principal = Sabu N J
| dean =
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| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 630
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| address = [[Amballur, Thrissur|Amballur]]
| city = Thrissur
| state = Kerala
| province =
| country = India
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| sports_free =
| website = http://www.thiagarajarpolytechnic.org
| logo = TPTC logo.jpg|
| logo_size =
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| footnotes =
}}

'''Thiagarajar Polytechnic College, Alagappanagar''' is a Government-owned aided Vocational Education Institution in [[Thrissur]] district. The college was started by the educationalist and philanthropist, Dr. [[Alagappa Chettiar]], who opened many educational institutions in [[Tamilnadu]] and [[Kerala]]. It was sanctioned by Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first [[Prime Minister of India]] in 1956 and was the first aided polytechnic institution in [[India]]. [[File:TPTC entrance board.jpg|thumb|left|Entrance of college]] The institution is now under the patronage of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur|archdiocese of Thrissur]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.trichurarchdiocese.org/institutions/educational/view_details/662
|title= Educational Institutions managed
|publisher=Archdiocese of Trichur
}}</ref> It is functioning under the Department of Technical Education of the Government of Kerala<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.tekerala.org/dip_inst.php
|title= LIST OF POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES AND COURSES (In District Wise)
|publisher=Board of Technical Education, Kerala
}}</ref>

== History of College ==
* Started in 1956
* It started with 30 students of the Civil Diploma Engineering branch.
* In 1961 K. Thyagarajan Chettiar Madurai took over. Principal - Mr.K Menon.
* 1971 Principal - Shri N. Bhavendranathan
* The function was taken over by the [[Archbishop of Thrissur]] in the year 1980–81. Principal - Shri. Francis C Joseph and Chairman of Government Council Shri. Rev. Rev. Fr. Joseph Kakkassery
* Smt.MD Devayani was principal from 1996 to 1999. Chairman of Government Council Shri. Rev. Fr. Lawrence Ollankal.
* In 2000 Principal Shri. KK Sahadevan took charge.
* The Principal from 2004 onwards is Smt.Anna Terji.
* In 2016, the college celebrated 60 years after being established. Inaugurated by [[E. Sreedharan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/thrissur/nagaram/news-malayalam-news-1.797731
|title= Inaguration of 60 years celebration
|publisher=www.mathrubhumi.com
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref>

== Courses ==

=== Full-time Courses (Duration 3 years) ===
* Diploma Mechanical Engineering
* Diploma Electrical Engineering
* Diploma Civil Engineering

=== Short-Term Courses (Duration 6 months) ===
* Computer

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*[http://www.thiagarajarpolytechnic.org Official College Website]
* [http://wikimapia.org/6124840/Thiagarajar-Polytechnic-College Wikimapia college]

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1956]]

Hanadi Jaradat

2026-03-22T22:17:03Z

AryaShah: general add information per standard format and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Palestinian suicide bomber (1975–2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Hanadi Jaradat
| image = Hanadi Jaradat.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Hanadi Tayseer Abdul Malek Jaradat
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1975|09|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jenin]], [[West Bank]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|10|04|1975|09|22|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Haifa]], Israel
| death_cause = [[Suicide bombing]]
| allegiance = [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]]
}}

'''Hanadi Tayseer Abdul Malek Jaradat''' ({{langx|ar|هنادي تيسير عبدالمالك جرادات}}) (22 September 1975 – 4 October 2003) was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[suicide bombing|suicide bomber]] from [[Jenin]], who blew herself up on Saturday, 4 October 2003 in a [[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing|suicide attack]] on [[Maxim restaurant]], a [[Haifa]] restaurant co-owned by the same Jewish and Arab families for more than 40 years. She murdered 21 Jewish and Arab Israelis, and injured 51 other people. Among the dead were four children, including a two-month old infant, and five Arabs. She had been recruited by [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]].

==Background==
Jaradat was born on 22 September 1975 in the West Bank city of [[Jenin]]. At the time of her suicide bombing attack, she was a 28-year-old (12 days away from being a 29-year-old) law student due to qualify as a lawyer in a few weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/middle-east/as-deadly-as-the-male-20040127-gdi8hl.html|title=As deadly as the male|date=27 January 2004|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> She had studied law at [[Yarmouk University]] in [[Jordan]].

Jaradat reportedly carried out the bombing in Haifa as an act of revenge after [[Israel Defense Forces]] undercover operatives in [[Jenin]] killed her cousin (Salah, 34) and her younger brother (Fadi, 25), both of whom were members of [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]], with her cousin a senior member of the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Al-Quds Brigades]], in a clash.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Baruch |first=Uzi |title=13 years ago today |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/218596 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Israel National News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3165604.stm Mid-East cycle of vengeance] by Verity Murphy, [[BBC]] News Online, 5 October 2003.</ref> Earlier, when she was 21, her fiancé had been killed by Israeli security forces. Following the killing of her cousin and brother, Jaradat went into mourning and began to study the [[Koran]] and fast two days a week.<ref name=autogenerated2>David Blair, "Revenge sparked suicide bombing", ''The [[Daily Telegraph]]'' via ''The [[Ottawa Citizen]]'', 6 October 2003, p. A9.</ref>

==Bombing==
On the day of the bombing, Saturday, 4 October 2003, she traveled from Jenin in the [[West Bank]] to Haifa.<ref name="auto2"/> She traveled to Maxim Restaurant, which ''The Guardian'' described as "a rare oasis of coexistence between Arabs and Jews."<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/oct/06/israel|title=Rare haven of coexistence rocked by blast|first=Chris|last=McGreal|date=6 October 2003|work=The Guardian}}</ref> The 22-pound body-belt bomb that she wore around her waist in order to feign pregnancy included nails, screws, ball bearings, and metal fragments packed around the four-kilogram high explosive core to maximize its lethal effect.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=m0N1AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Hanadi+Jaradat%22&pg=PA139 ''Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism; Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses''] (2013).</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VS86CQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Hanadi+Jaradat%22&pg=PT118 ''The Ghost Warriors; Inside Israel's Undercover War Against Suicide Terrorism''] (2016).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://thebulletin.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2968/061006015|title=Mother. Daughter. Sister. Bomber.|first=Mia|last=Bloom|date=1 November 2005|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=61|issue=6|pages=54–62|via=CrossRef|doi=10.2968/061006015|url-access=subscription|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="toolis"/><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/07/world/the-mideast-turmoil-the-attacker-bomber-left-her-family-with-a-smile-and-a-lie.html|title=THE MIDEAST TURMOIL: THE ATTACKER; Bomber Left Her Family With a Smile and a Lie|first=John F.|last=Burns|date=7 October 2003|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

Maxim is a beachfront restaurant co-owned by Jews and Arabs in the northern [[Israel]]i city of [[Haifa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30116051.html|title=Islamic Jihad behind Haifa blast|date=4 October 2003|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://israeled.org/suicide-bomber-strikes-haifa-restaurant/|title=Suicide Bomber Strikes Haifa Restaurant|date=4 October 2023|website=CIE}}</ref> 21 Jewish and Arab Israelis were killed and 51 others injured. The victims included four Israeli children (one of whom was a two-month old infant). Jaradat had intentionally paused near a group of baby carriages in the center of the crowded restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2004 |title=Suicide attacks get personal |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/01/21/suicide-attacks-get-personal/ |website=Baltimore Sun}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> According to Haifa police sources, the aftermath was gruesome, with some of the dead still sitting upright at their tables, while others, including children and babies, were slammed against the walls. Due to the force of the explosion, all that remained of Jaradat was her head.<ref name="toolis"/> Two of the Arabs killed, Sherbel Matar (aged 23) and Hana Francis (aged 39) came from the village of [[Fasouta]].<ref name="auto3"/> Jaradat was the sixth [[female suicide bomber]] of the [[Second Intifada]] and the second who had been recruited by [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]].<ref name=autogenerated1>Arnon Regular,[https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=346913&contrassID=1&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y Profile of the Haifa suicide bomber], haaretz.com, 5 October 2003.</ref> [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility for the bombing.<ref name="auto"/>

==Aftermath==
Commenting on his daughter, her father Taisir, who had worked in Israel for years as a house painter, said "My daughter's action reflected the anger that every Palestinian feels at the occupation. The occupation did not have mercy on my son Fadi, her brother. They killed him even though he was not a wanted person, they murdered him in cold blood before Hanadi's eyes."<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="Ticking bomb">Vered Levy-Barzalai, [https://www.haaretz.com/ticking-bomb-1.102712 Ticking bomb.] 16 October 2003; haaretz.com.</ref> He declined all condolences, instead saying that he was proud of what his daughter had done, and that "I will accept only congratulations for what she did. This was a gift she gave me, the homeland and the Palestinian people. Therefore, I am not crying for her. Even though the most precious thing has been taken from me."<ref name="Ticking bomb"/>

In reprisal for the suicide bombing, Israeli forces conducted a raid at 3:00 a.m. on 5 October 2003, during the course of which they demolished the Jaradat family home and the houses of two of her neighbours.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

Maxim was quickly rebuilt and reopened.<ref name="auto"/>

==Honors and awards==
Jaradat was proclaimed by the Islamic Jihad as the "Bride of Haifa" to honor her "marriage to the soil of her homeland", an honor it previously reserved only to men.<ref>Psycho-political aspects of suicide warriors, terrorism, and martyrdom. Jamshid A. Marvasti. 2008. p. 274</ref><ref>Yoram Schweitzer (ed.), Female Suicide Bombers: Dying for Equality? . The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS). August 2006. p. 20</ref><ref>Gail Corrington Streete. Redeemed bodies: women martyrs in early Christianity. p. 120</ref><ref>Brides of Palestine/Angels of Death: Media, Gender, and Performance in the Case of the Palestinian Female Suicide Bombers. Dorit Naaman. Signs Vol. 32, No. 4, War and Terror I: Raced ... Gendered Logics and Effects in Conflict Zones. The University of Chicago Press. {{doi|10.1086/512624}}</ref> Within several days of the bombing, trophy cards with her picture, labelled "Hanadi the Bride of Haifa", were being handed out in Gaza.<ref name="toolis">[https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-150390746 Cult of the FEMALE SUICIDE BOMBER]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''The Sunday Times Magazine'' (Perth, W. Australia). By KEVIN TOOLIS, pp 12-15, 10 September 2006</ref>

In 2005, the Palestinian daily ''[[Al-Ayyam (Ramallah)|Al-Ayyam]]'' published a special supplement entitled "What Did Hanadi Say", consisting of poems honoring Jaradat and calling for [[Jihad]].<ref>Al-Ayyam, 22 August 2005. As cited by "PA Ministry of Culture Glorifies Murderer of 29", [http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/ World Security Network], 23 August 2005.</ref>

In October 2012, the Palestine Committee of the [[Arab Lawyers Union]] "created the 'Martyr Hanadi Jaradat plaque of honor' ... [and] conveyed to the family of Martyr Jaradat the good wishes of the head of the Union, Mr. Omar Al-Zayn… and also emphasized the pride of the Arab Lawyers Union for what their daughter had done in defense of Palestine and the nation", according to an October 14, 2012 report in the Palestinian daily publication ''Al-Ayyam''.<ref>[https://palwatch.org/page/4177 Report on plaque of honor posthumously awarded Jaradat], palwatch.org. Accessed 3 January 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=287669 | title=Arab Lawyers Union honors Palestinian suicide bomber | publisher=The Jerusalem Post | date=13 October 2012 | accessdate=21 October 2012 | author=Abu Toameh, Khaled}}</ref><ref>[https://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/10/18/3109676/arab-lawyers-union-honors-female-palestinian-suicide-bomber Union of Arab lawyers honors female Palestinian suicide bomber] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130415055737/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/10/18/3109676/arab-lawyers-union-honors-female-palestinian-suicide-bomber |date=15 April 2013 }}, ''[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]'' (JTA), 18 October 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/10/18/arab-lawyers-union-honors-terrorist-who-killed-21-israelis-in-haifa/ Arab Lawyers Union Honors Terrorist who Killed 21 Israelis in Haifa], ''[[Algemeiner Journal]]'', 18 October 2012.</ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Zilberdik |first=Itamar Marcus and Nan Jacques |date=2012-10-18 |title=Suicide terrorist who killed 21 receives "highest honor" from Palestinian Lawyer's Union |url=https://palwatch.org/page/4177 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Palestinian Media Watch |language=en}}</ref> The union has a membership of bar associations in 15 countries and 27 affiliated organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/union-of-arab-lawyers-honors-female-palestinian-suicide-bomber/|title=200,000-member Arab Lawyers Union honors female Palestinian suicide bomber|work= The Times of Israel|accessdate=3 January 2024}}</ref>

==Artwork and incident in Sweden==
{{main|Snow White and the Madness of Truth}}
Jaradat was the subject of [[Snow White and The Madness of Truth]], a controversial item of [[installation art]] by [[Israel]]i-born [[Sweden|Swedish]] composer and musician [[Dror Feiler]], and his Swedish wife, artist [[Gunilla Sköld-Feiler]]. It consisted of a portrait of Jaradat floating on a small white boat named "Snövit" ("[[Snow White]]") in a long pool of blood red water.{{fact|date=December 2023}} The artwork became the centre of controversy when the Israeli ambassador to Sweden, [[Zvi Mazel]], vandalized the installation. After pushing some lightstands into the pool, causing a short-circuit and disabling the light, Mazel told Feiler that ''"This is not a work of art. This is an expression of hatred for the Israeli people. This has glorified suicide bombers"''. Further, he said to the press that the piece constituted a ''"complete legitimization of [[genocide]], the murder of innocent people, innocent civilians, under the guise of culture"''. Feiler rejected charges that their intention was to glorify suicide bombers and accused Mazel of ''"practicing censorship"''. He said the installation was made to ''"call attention to how weak people left alone can be capable of horrible things"''.<ref name=CNN>[http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/01/18/israel.sweden/ "Sharon backs envoy's art attack"], cnn.com. 19 January 2004.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/18/international/middleeast/18MIDE.html|title=Israel Diplomat Defends Attack On Bomber Art In Stockholm|work=New York Times|first=Greg |last=Myre|date=January 18, 2004}}</ref><ref name="SvD">[http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/israelisk-attack-mot-konstverk_121349.svd "Israelisk attack mot konstverk"] ''Svenska Dagbladet''. Accessed 3 January 2024.</ref> Following the incident, Mazel said: ''"I was standing before an exhibit calling for genocide, praising the genocide of me, you, my brothers and sisters."''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/1452095/Envoy-who-damaged-art-work-is-praised.html |title=Envoy who damaged art work is praised|work=The Telegraph|date=19 January 2004|first=Toby|last=Harnden}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaradat, Hanadi}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:2003 suicides]]
[[Category:College students who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Female guerrillas]]
[[Category:Female mass murderers]]
[[Category:Female suicide bombers]]
[[Category:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine members]]
[[Category:Palestinian female murderers]]
[[Category:Palestinian murderers]]
[[Category:Palestinian mass murderers]]
[[Category:Palestinian militants]]
[[Category:People from Jenin]]
[[Category:Suicide bombers in Israel]]
[[Category:Suicide bombing in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]

Arnab Goswami

2026-03-18T03:17:15Z

AryaShah:

{{short description|Indian journalist and television news anchor}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arnab Goswami
| image = Arnab Goswami Times Now Clearer.jpg
| caption = Goswami in 2011
| birth_name = Arnab Ranjan Goswami
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|03|07}}
| birth_place = [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India
| education = [[Hindu College, University of Delhi|Hindu College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[St Antony's College, Oxford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) [[Visiting Fellow]], [[Cambridge University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Journalist]]|[[News presenter|News anchor]]}}
| years_active = 1995–present
| employer = {{ubl| [[NDTV]] (1996–2006)| [[Times Now]] (2006–2016)| [[Republic TV]] (2017–present)}}
| title =
| spouse = Samyabrata Ray Goswami
| children = 1
| awards = {{plainlist|
* Best News Anchor of Asia at [[Asian Television Awards]] (2004)
* [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]]s (2008)
* Media personality of the year [[GQ India]] (2010)
* Assamese of the year (2010)
* News anchor of the year [[International Advertising Association|IAA Leadership Awards]] (2014)
* Media person of the year [[International Advertising Association|IAA Leadership Awards]] (2018)
}}
| credits = ''The Newshour'' ''Frankly Speaking with Arnab'' ''The Debate With Arnab Goswami'' ''Nation Wants To Know''
| module = {{Listen
| embed = yes
| filename = Arnab Goswami voice sample in Hindi.ogg
| title = Arnab Goswami's voice in Hindi
| type = speech
| description = Goswami discussing three obsessions of [[India]]
}}
}}

'''Arnab Ranjan Goswami''' (born 7 March 1973) is an Indian right-wing news anchor and journalist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian police arrest right-wing TV presenter in suicide case |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/4/indian-police-arrest-right-wing-tv-presenter-in-suicide-case |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> He is the managing director and editor-in-chief of [[Republic TV|Republic Media Network]], a conservative news organisation oriented towards [[Hindutva]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Madan |first=Aman |date=23 January 2019 |title=India's Not-So-Free Media |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/indias-not-so-free-media/ |access-date=14 November 2019 |website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 January 2019 |title=Republic Media Network strengthens the top management team |url=https://www.adgully.com/republic-media-network-strengthens-the-top-management-team-82968.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |website=adgully.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=6 May 2019|title=Arnab Goswami buys back Republic Media shares from Asianet|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/arnab-goswami-buys-back-republic-media-shares-from-asianet-1557146618503.html|work=Livemint|access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>

Before [[Republic TV]], Goswami was the editor-in-chief and a news anchor of [[Times Now]] and [[ET Now]], from 2006 to 2016.<ref name="ft2015">[https://www.ft.com/content/5e68aa52-ea8e-11e4-a701-00144feab7de Lunch with the FT: Indian TV news anchor Arnab Goswami], ''Financial Times'', James Crabtree (1 May 2015)</ref><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/times-network-accepts-arnab-goswamis-resignation/articleshow/55300412.cms Times Network accepts Arnab Goswami's resignation], The Economic Times (8 November 2016)</ref> Previously, he had also served stints at [[NDTV 24x7|NDTV]] and ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]''. On Times Now, he anchored ''The Newshour'', a live debate at 9 pm ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) weekdays, which propelled him to widespread fame.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anuradha Raman |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Wrecking-News/293690 |title=Wrecking News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Hartosh Singh Bal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/The-Arnab-Cast-Of-Characters/293692 |title=The Arnab Cast of Characters}}</ref> He also hosted a special television programme ''Frankly Speaking with Arnab''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-Gandhis-first-interview-Full-text/articleshow/29455665.cms |title=Rahul Gandhi's first interview: Full text – Times Of India |work=The Times of India |date=27 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/01/27/the-gandhi-goswami-smackdown/ |title=The Gandhi-Goswami Smackdown – India Real Time – WSJ |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=27 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> In November 2016, Goswami resigned as editor-in-chief of [[Times Now]].<ref name="indianexpress1">{{Cite web|last=Mohan|first=Kshitiz|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV To Launch On 6 May|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Arnab-Goswami-s-Republic-TV-To-Launch-On-6-May/05-05-2017-117680|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Arnab Goswami India's Inquister|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/shorts/smallworld/arnab-goswami-india-s-inquisitor|access-date=12 October 2020|website=Open Magazine}}</ref> His news channel Republic TV was launched in May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV launched; here's how to watch it live on phone|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-goswami-s-republic-tv-launched-here-s-how-to-watch-it-live-on-phone-117050600230_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard, India.|access-date=6 May 2017|date=6 May 2017|last1=Team|first1=BS Web}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic first Indian news channel to air live on Hotstar|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-goswami-s-republic-first-indian-news-channel-to-air-live-on-hotstar-117050500303_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard, India.|access-date=6 May 2017|date=5 May 2017|last1=Team|first1=BS Web}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arnab Goswami: India's most loved and loathed TV anchor |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-54930379 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=BBC News |date=22 November 2020}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==

=== Family ===
Goswami was born in [[Guwahati]], Assam on 7 March 1973<ref>{{cite tweet|user=AnupamPKher|author-link=Anupam Kher|author=Anupam Kher|number=839156435686678534|date=7 March 2017|title=Happy birthday dear #ArnabGoswami. Wishing you long & healthy life & all the happiness. Your courage is infectious.:) #BothBornOnTheSameDate|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref> in an [[Assamese people|Assamese]] family<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIhdnZNKOfQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ZIhdnZNKOfQ |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Interview in News time Assam|date=16 September 2013 |publisher=News Time Assam}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="outlook2">{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?239453|title=The Soil Beckons|publisher=outlookindia.com|access-date=4 August 2011}}</ref> of Manoranjan Goswami and Suprabha Gain-Goswami.<ref name="thesentinel">{{cite news |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=154372&dtP=2014-02-18&ppr=1 |url-status=dead |title=Books Released |newspaper=[[The Sentinel (Gauhati)|The Sentinel]] |location=Guwahati |date=18 February 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100651/http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=154372&dtP=2014-02-18&ppr=1| archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Deka|first=Meeta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxdBDwAAQBAJ|title=Women's Agency and Social Change: Assam and Beyond|date=3 September 2013|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-81-321-1798-8|pages=40|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> His father, Manoranjan Goswami joined the [[Indian Army]] in the early 1960s and retired as a colonel after serving in the army for nearly 30 years.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Manoranjan Goswami passes away|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov1018%2Fat059|access-date=6 August 2020|website=The Assam Tribune Online|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005012410/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov1018%2Fat059|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2015|title=The Sentinel|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=154372&dtP=2014-02-18&ppr=1|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100651/http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=154372&dtP=2014-02-18&ppr=1|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Upon retirement he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was the party's unsuccessful candidate in 1998 [[1998 Indian general election|Lok Sabha Polls]] for the Guwahati constituency.<ref name="theindianexpress">{{cite news|date=6 March 1998|title=BJP finally a force to reckon with in Assam|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|location=Guwahati|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980306/06550504.html}}</ref> He wrote various columns, books and was the recipient of the [[Asam Sahitya Sabha]] Award in 2017.<ref name=":12" /> Arnab's mother, Suprabha Gain-Goswami is an author.

His paternal grandfather Rajani Kanta Goswami was a lawyer.<ref name="outlook2" /> His maternal grandfather, Gaurisankar Bhattacharyya, was an elected legislator from the [[Communist Party of India]] and served as the [[leader of the opposition]] in Assam for many years.<ref name="outlook2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/my-koka-gaurisankar-bhattacharyya/|title=My Koka: Gaurisankar Bhattacharyya|last=Goswami|first=Arnab|date=10 December 2015|website=The Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1957-62.html|title=Assam Legislative Assembly – MLA 1957–62|website=assamassembly.gov.in|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>

Goswami's maternal uncle, [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]] is a member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] for the BJP from [[Gauhati East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gauhati East constituency]]. He headed the Assam unit of BJP until 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newslaundry.com/shorts/arnab-goswamis-bjp-connection-in-assam/|title=Arnab Goswami's BJP connection in Assam|last=Team|first=NL|website=Newslaundry|date=19 May 2016 |language=en|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug1714%2Fcity051|title=The Assam Tribune Online|website=assamtribune.com|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005032616/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug1714%2Fcity051|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Goswami is married to Samyabrata Ray Goswami. She is also a journalist and a co-owner of Republic TV.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arnab's Republic of Investors: Who is funding Goswami and what that means |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arnab-s-republic-investors-who-funding-goswami-and-what-means-55667 |access-date=3 September 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Swamy wants 'Republic' to know |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/swamy-wants-republic-to-know/cid/1518199 |access-date=3 September 2019 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=26 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The couple has a son, Che Goswami, named after the revolutionary [[Che Guevara]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Lighter Side Of Arnab Goswami |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/covers/lighter-side-arnab-goswami-cover-star-pink-floyd/ |access-date=3 September 2019 |work=[[MW (Indian magazine)|Man's World]] |date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Seth|first=Suhel|date=2 November 2016|title=Citizen Goswami: How Arnab Caught the Nation's Imagination|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/citizen-goswami-how-arnab-caught-the-nations-imagination-suhel-seth-arnab-goswami-times-now-resignation-newshour|access-date=5 November 2020|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref>

=== Education ===
An army officer's son, Goswami attended schools across various parts of India. He completed his 10th grade of school from the [[Mount St Mary's School (New Delhi)|Mount St Mary's School, New Delhi]] and his 12th grade from [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] in [[Jabalpur]] [[cantonment]].<ref name="businessworld1">{{cite news |title=Arnab Goswami Quits TimesNow Turns Entrepreneur |url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Arnab-Goswami-Quits-TimesNow-Turns-Entrepreneur/01-11-2016-107627/ |access-date=30 March 2022 |work=BW Disrupt |date=1 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Goswami has a [[Bachelor's degree]] in Sociology from the [[Hindu College, University of Delhi|Hindu College]] in [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Arnab-Goswami-Quits-TimesNow-Turns-Entrepreneur/01-11-2016-107627/|title=Arnab Goswami Quits TimesNow|work=BW Online Bureau – www.businessworld.in|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hinducollege.ac.in/dis-alumni.aspx|title=HINDU COLLEGE University Of Delhi|website=hinducollege.ac.in}}</ref> In 1994 Goswami completed his [[Master's degree|Master's]] in Social Anthropology from [[St Antony's College, Oxford|St. Antony's College]], at [[Oxford University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ciibigpicture.com/speaker-details/arnab-goswami/85/|title=Speakers of 2015|work=Confederation of Indian Industries- CII|date=25 October 2016|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206104112/http://www.ciibigpicture.com/speaker-details/arnab-goswami/85/|url-status=dead}} Dead link</ref> where he was a Felix Scholar.<ref name="businessworld1"/>

In the year 2000, Arnab was a Visiting DC Pavate Fellow at the International Studies Department at [[Sidney Sussex College]], [[Cambridge University]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Javaid |first1=Afra |title=Arnab Goswami Biography: Early Life, Education, Career, Controversies and Achievements |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/arnab-goswami-1587627496-1 |access-date=21 January 2021 |work=[[Jagran Prakashan Limited|Jagran Josh]] |date=15 January 2021}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{Conservatism in India|Commentators}}
=== ''The Telegraph'' and NDTV ===
Goswami started his career with ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' in [[Kolkata]], as a journalist;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=1 November 2016|title=Arnab Goswami resigns from Times Now|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/8PGGgWneqWKhCkmNeVXQMO/Arnab-Goswami-said-to-have-resigned-from-Times-Now.html|access-date=7 August 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> less than a year later, he moved to Delhi and joined [[NDTV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswamis-last-day-at-times-now-anchor-wont-host-the-newshour-anymore-says-ceo-3111548.html|title=Arnab Goswami's last day at Times Now: Anchor won't host The Newshour anymore, says CEO which was for a stint less than a year|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/15-facts-arnab-goswami-and-republic-tv/|title=All about Arnab Goswami and his channel, Republic TV|date=9 January 2018|website=NewsGram|language=en-US|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023095036/https://www.newsgram.com/15-facts-arnab-goswami-and-republic-tv/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="outlook2" />

Goswami was a part of NDTV from 1996 to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 November 2016|title=Arnab Goswami, loud news anchor of India's prime-time English debate show, quits|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/arnab-goswami-loud-news-anchor-of-indias-prime-time-english-debate-show-quits|access-date=7 August 2020|website=The Straits Times}}</ref> At NDTV, he anchored daily newscasts including ''News Tonight'', a programme telecast on [[DD Metro]].<ref name="sebi">{{cite web|url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/ndtvdraft.pdf|title=New Delhi Television Limited|publisher=sebi.gov.in|access-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928135551/http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/ndtvdraft.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Newsnight'', hosted by Goswami,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=6611&p=1|title=Diversity in programming is crucial to NDTV|publisher=afaqs.com|access-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915062144/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=6611&p=1|archive-date=15 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> won him an award for the Best News Anchor of Asia in the 2004 [[Asian Television Awards]].

=== Times Now ===
In 2006, Goswami left NDTV to join the newly launched Times Now news channel, as its editor-in-chief.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onthemedia.org/2008/dec/05/detailed-coverage/transcript/ |title=Detailed Coverage: Transcriopt |work=On the Media.orgaccessdate=4 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406080307/http://www.onthemedia.org/2008/dec/05/detailed-coverage/transcript/ |archive-date=6 April 2012 }}</ref>

His show ''The Newshour'' was aired at 9 pm with live news coverage, and featured notable personalities such as [[Parvez Musharraf]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/Excl-Musharraf-says-ISI-did-not-hide-Osama---1/videoshow/4372320.cms|title=Excl: Musharraf says ISI did not hide Osama – 2|publisher=timesnow.tv|access-date=4 August 2011}}</ref> He also hosted a special programme, ''Frankly Speaking with Arnab'', which has featured personalities such as [[Benazir Bhutto]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-05-27/news/28386084_1_general-musharraf-national-accountability-bureau-pakistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125845/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-05-27/news/28386084_1_general-musharraf-national-accountability-bureau-pakistan|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 December 2015|title=Benazir denies backroom deal with Musharraf|access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref> and former UK Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C01%5C22%5Cstory_22-1-2008_pg7_1 |title=UK stance on Pak elections 'very clear': Brown |work=Daily Times|location=Pakistan |access-date=4 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022175029/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C01%5C22%5Cstory_22-1-2008_pg7_1 |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> Afghanistan President [[Hamid Karzai]], retired head of state of the [[Tibetan Government in Exile]], the [[Dalai Lama]] and former United States Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]. Goswami was the first television anchor to interview Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] after he took office in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pm-modis-interview-with-arnab-goswami-full-transcript-2879832/|title=PM Modi's interview with Arnab Goswami: Full transcript|date=28 June 2016}}</ref>

Goswami resigned as editor-in-chief of [[Times Now]] on 1 November 2016 citing editorial differences, lack of journalistic freedom and newsroom politics.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Srikrishna|first=Vasupradha|date=1 September 2019|title=Neoliberal Media Making the Public Interest and Public Choice Theory Obsolete: Need for a New Theory|journal=Media Watch|volume=10|issue=3|doi=10.15655/mw/2019/v10i3/49692|issn=2249-8818|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-goswami-opens-up-was-not-allowed-to-enter-times-now-studio-117032700182_1.html|title=Arnab Goswami gets candid: Was not even allowed to enter Times Now studio|last=Team|first=BS Web|date=27 March 2017|work=Business Standard India|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="The Hindi Arnab quits">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/arnab-goswami-quits-times-now/article9291555.ece|title=Arnab Goswami quits Times Now|date=1 November 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 November 2016|language=en-IN}}</ref> He hosted the last edition of his flagship show<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mflADwAAQBAJ|title=Our Time Has Come: How India is Making Its Place in the World|last=Ayres|first=Alyssa|date=5 December 2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190494537|pages=34, 81|language=en}}</ref> ''The Newshour Debate'', a fortnight later.<ref name="Arnab Goswami's new venture">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/arnab-goswami-s-new-venture-is-called-republic-and-it-s-launching-on-26-january-116121600136_1.html|title=Arnab Goswami's new venture|access-date=8 January 2017|work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref name="Arnab Goswami announces new venture; Times Now gets a new chief editor">{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswami-announces-new-venture-times-now-gets-a-new-editor-in-chief-3158562.html|title=Arnab Goswami announces new venture; Times Now gets a new chief editor|access-date=8 January 2017|publisher=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Incidentally, the ''Newshour'' has been subject to an ongoing investigation by [[Ofcom]], the UK government-approved regulatory authority for broadcasting, during the months of August and September and it went on to hold Times Now guilty of violating the impartiality clause of its broadcast code.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/835842/proud-of-all-my-partners-arnab-goswami-when-asked-about-bjp-influence-in-new-venture|title='Proud of all my partners': Arnab Goswami when asked about BJP influence in new venture|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Shoaib Daniyal & Rohan|website=Scroll.in|date=27 April 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Arnab Goswami WikiConference.jpg|thumb|Goswami speaking at Wiki Conference in [[Mumbai]], 2011]]

=== Republic TV ===
{{main|Republic TV}}
Republic TV was funded in part by [[Asianet News|Asianet]], which in turn was primarily funded by [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]], a then-independent member of [[Rajya Sabha]] who had intricate links with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was vice-chairman of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/arnab-goswami-republic-rajeev-chandrasekhar-accuses-wire-of-congress-conspiracy|title=What the Nation Wants to Know but Arnab's Republic Won't Tell You|work=The Quint|access-date=2 September 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnabs-republic-modis-ideology|title=Arnab's Republic, Modi's Ideology|last=Bhushan|first=Sandeep|date=25 January 2017|work=The Wire}}</ref> Rajeev later announced his resignation as the director on the board of ARG Outlier Asianet News Pvt Ltd, the company that owns Republic TV. He stated that he took this decision since he officially joined the BJP and it was in the best interest of Republic TV's brand and team that he no longer serve on the board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/VxIRRsx8K87hlSU6yQP3vK/Rajeev-Chandrasekhar-resigns-as-Republic-TV-board-director.html|title=Rajeev Chandrasekhar resigns as Republic TV board director|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=2 April 2018|website=Livemint}}</ref> Among other major investors were Goswami, his wife, educationists [[Ramdas Pai]] and [[Ramakanta Panda]]—all of whom invested through SARG Media Holding Private Ltd.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/nda-mp-rajeev-chandrasekhar-investor-director-in-arnab-goswami-channel/|title=Kerala NDA vice-chairman Rajeev Chandrasekhar investor, director in Arnab Goswami's Republic|last1=Kaushik|first1=Krishn|date=13 January 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref>

Goswami was the managing director as well the Editor-in-Chief; the channel was launched on 6 May 2017 as a [[free-to-air]] channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Arnab-Goswami-s-Republic-TV-To-Launch-On-6-May/05-05-2017-117680/|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV Launch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kohli-Khandekar|first1=Vanita|date=6 May 2017|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/arnab-goswami-s-republic-tv-goes-live-today-but-why-so-much-over-it-117050600114_1.html|title=What's the fuss about Arnab Goswami's Republic TV, which went live today?|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> [[Chitra Subramaniam]] was roped in as the editorial adviser and numerous personas associated with Times Now in various roles joined the channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/shorts/major-gaurav-arya-collaborates-with-arnabs-republic-tv|title=Major Gaurav Arya collaborates with Arnab's Republic TV|date=15 March 2017|publisher=newslaundry.com|access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/MinhazMerchant/status/852815033650135040|title=Minhaz Merchant on Twitter|via=Twitter|access-date=15 April 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2020}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/mYlTWnDwB944TQI1hwjm8H/Anupam-Khers-People-a-welcome-break-from-the-screaming-jing.html|title=Anupam Kher's People a welcome break from the screaming jingoism of Republic TV|last1=Sen|first1=Rajyasree|date=24 May 2017|work=Livemint|access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/tv/s-sundaram-joins-republic-as-cfo_67830.html|title=S Sundaram joins Republic as CFO|date=23 February 2017|publisher=exchange4media.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180426/http://www.exchange4media.com/tv/s-sundaram-joins-republic-as-cfo_67830.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref>

In May 2019, Goswami bought a chunk of shares held by Rajeev Chandrasekhar-promoted Asianet News Media & Entertainment to gain near full ownership. Later Republic Media Network released a statement stating that Goswami personally owns over 82 per cent stake in Republic TV and that the company also owns 99 per cent equity in the downstream digital entity that controls the digital assets of the network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/arnab-goswami-personally-owns-over-82-pc-of-republic-tv-co-says-clearing-air-around-ownership/1738591|title=Arnab Goswami personally owns over 82 pc of Republic TV: Co says, clearing air around ownership|website=outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

=== Resignation from Editors Guild ===
In the wake of the [[2020 Palghar mob lynching]], on 21 April 2020, during his live show, Arnab resigned from Editors Guild. Arnab accused [[Shekhar Gupta]] of leading the compromise on journalism for not speaking on incidents like this.<ref>{{cite news |url =https://www.siasat.com/arnab-goswami-resigns-editors-guild-india-live-show-1877290/|title =Arnab Goswami resigns from Editors' Guild of India on live show|website =siasat.com|quote =Arnab Goswami, the founder of Republic TV, resigned from the Editors’ Guild of India, accusing the organisation of hypocrisy with respect to the Palghar incident, where two Hindu Sadhus were mob lynched.|date =21 April 2020|access-date =23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/video/959791/watch-tv-anchor-arnab-goswami-resigns-from-the-editors-guild-of-india-live-on-air|title=Watch: TV anchor Arnab Goswami resigns from the Editors Guild of India, live on air|work=Scroll.in|date=21 April 2020 }}</ref> Nagpur police registered a [[first information report]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realtimes.in/state-news/palghar-lynching-against-sonia-gandhi-comment-tv-journalist-arnab-goswami/|title=अर्णब को हर केस में करानी होगी अलग -अलग जमानत|date=24 April 2020}}{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> against Arnab Goswami over a complaint filed by Maharashtra Power Minister [[Nitin Raut]].
The FIR filed by the police include charges of giving provocation with intent to cause riot, promoting enmity between two groups on grounds of religion or race, deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs and defamation under relevant sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/nagpur-police-file-fir-against-arnab-goswami/article31410543.ece|title=Nagpur police file FIR against Arnab Goswami|date=23 April 2020|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

=== Book ===
In 2002, Goswami wrote a book: ''Combating Terrorism: The Legal Challenge''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goswami|first=Arnab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojbcLPW95YsC|title=Combating Terrorism: The Legal Challenge|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Limited|isbn=9788124108512|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The truth about POTO|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1825/18250970.htm|access-date=22 December 2019|website=The Hindu|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222145454/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1825/18250970.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Quote box
| quote = Modi's supporters often get their news from Republic TV, which features shouting matches, public shamings, and scathing insults of all but the most slavish Modi partisans. Founded in 2017 with B.J.P. support, Republic TV stars Arnab Goswami, a floppy-haired Oxford graduate who acts as a kind of public scourge for opponents of Modi's initiatives.{{pb}}In a typical program, from 2017, Goswami mentioned a law mandating that cinemas play the national anthem, and asked whether people should be required to stand; his guest Waris Pathan, a Muslim assemblyman, argued that it should be a matter of choice.{{pb}}{{green|''Why can't you stand up?''}} – Goswami shouted at Pathan. Before Pathan could get out an answer, he yelled again, {{green|''Why can't you stand up? What's your problem with it?''}} Pathan kept trying, but Goswami, his hair flying, shouted over him:- {{green|''I’ll tell you why, because—I’ll tell you why. I’ll tell you. I’ll tell you why. Can I tell you? Then why don't you stop, and I’ll tell you why? Don't be an anti-national! Don't be an anti-national! Don't be an anti-national!''}}...|
| author = [[Dexter Filkins]]
| source = {{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|magazine=The New Yorker|date=2 December 2019}}
| align = right
| width = 50%
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}}Goswami and his style of journalism have been subjected to massive criticism.<ref name="outlookindia.com2">{{cite web|title=Wrecking News – Anuradha Raman|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Wrecking-News/293690|access-date=21 April 2015|work=outlookindia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114203051/https://www.outlookindia.com/article/Wrecking-News/293690|archive-date=14 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ananth|first=Venkat|date=11 November 2014|title=Arnab Goswami: meme for our times|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/NBYVLf9GuMVLxeoM08hX2L/Arnab-Goswami-the-meme-for-our-times.html|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Rahul|title=The turbulent reign of Arnab Goswami|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/fast-and-furious|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204193824/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/fast-and-furious|archive-date=4 December 2012|access-date=10 December 2019|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=Maya|date=1 June 2016|title=News televisions' impact on political discourse in the Indian election 2014|journal=International Journal of Digital Television|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=193–208|doi=10.1386/jdtv.7.2.193_1|issn=2040-4182}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Arnab Cast Of Characters|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-arnab-cast-of-characters/293692|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>

He has been noted for his opinionated reporting<ref name=":82">{{Cite news|last=Verma|first=Ramit|date=29 October 2019|title=Peeing Human is waging a war on 'Modia'. Here's how, and why|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/29/peeing-human-is-waging-a-war-on-modia-heres-how-and-why}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{cite news|title=Times Now left embarrassed: Arnab Goswami rapped by NBSA, channel fined Rs 50,000 for reporting in biased manner in Jalseen Kaur eve-teasing case|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/times-now-left-embarrassed-arnab-goswami-rapped-by-nbsa-channel-fined-rs-50000-for-reporting-in-biased-manner-in-jalseen-kaur-eve-teasing-case-1032984/|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> in support of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name=":102">{{Cite web|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=24 October 2019|title=Here's why you will watch Arnab Goswami & Navika Kumar long after election results are out|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/heres-why-you-will-watch-arnab-goswami-navika-kumar-long-after-election-results-are-out/310364/|access-date=2 November 2019|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Hindutva]] across a wide spectrum of situations<ref name=":112">{{Cite news|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=30 October 2019|title=Indian journalists got a chance to grill controversial MEPs touring Kashmir. They asked about Pakistan, western media|language=en-UK|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/30/indian-journalists-got-a-chance-to-grill-controversial-meps-touring-kashmir-they-asked-about-pakistan-western-media|access-date=1 November 2019}}

-{{Cite news|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=21 October 2019|title=Bloodlust TV: Calling out India's hate media|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/21/bloodlust-tv-calling-out-indias-hate-media}}</ref> including by uncritical reproduction of government narratives,<ref name=":132">{{cite news|title=Arnab Goswami-style journalism is killing the essence of debates|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswami-style-journalism-is-killing-the-essence-of-debates-2803590.html|access-date=13 July 2016}}

-{{cite news|title=The monster in the mirror|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy|access-date=13 July 2016}}

-{{Cite web|last=Sekhri|first=Abhinandan|date=4 March 2015|title=Why Arnab Goswami's #NirbhayaInsulted Circus Was A Body Blow To Journalism : The Newshour anchor does a disservice to free speech by asking for a clampdown on India's Daughter on NDTV.|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2015/03/04/why-arnab-goswamis-nirbhayainsulted-circus-was-a-body-blow-to-journalism/|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Newslaundry|language=en-UK}}

-{{Cite web|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|title=How the fog of war has blinded journalists to their roles|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/media/question-journalists-support-for-armed-forces|access-date=10 December 2019|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en}}

-{{Cite web|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|title=The Daily Fix: Arnab Goswami must realise that journalism is about questioning, not blind acceptance|url=https://scroll.in/article/812561/the-daily-fix-arnab-goswami-must-realise-that-journalism-is-about-questioning-not-blind-acceptance|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=27 July 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> avoiding criticism of figures from the ruling party (BJP)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bal|first=Hartosh Singh|title=The path away from Arnab Goswami cannot lead us back to Barkha Dutt|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/path-arnab-goswami-cannot-lead-to-barkha-dutt|access-date=10 December 2019|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en}}</ref> and presenting political opponents in a negative light.<ref name=":192">{{Cite news|last=S|first=Meghnad|date=4 July 2019|title=Rahul Gandhi's resignation allowed TV channels to do what they do best|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/04/rahul-gandhis-resignation-allowed-tv-channels-to-do-what-they-do-best}}

-{{Cite journal|last=Drabu|first=Onaiza|year=2018|title=Who Is the Muslim? Discursive Representations of the Muslims and Islam in Indian Prime-Time News|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=9|issue=9|pages=283|doi=10.3390/rel9090283|doi-access=free}}

-{{Cite web|date=29 March 2019|title=Podcast {{!}} Questions Arnab Goswami Didn't Ask Modi|url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/big-story-podcast-questions-arnab-goswami-didnt-ask-modi-in-republic-tv-interview|access-date=14 November 2019|website=The Quint|language=en}}

-{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=22 January 2018|title=The sham of Republic TV's Twitter Polls|url=https://www.altnews.in/sham-republic-tvs-twitter-polls/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}

-{{Cite web|last=Inamdar|first=Nikhil|title=How Narendra Modi has almost killed the Indian media|url=https://qz.com/india/1570899/how-narendra-modi-has-almost-killed-indian-media/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Quartz India|date=12 March 2019 |language=en}}

-{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=8 June 2017|title=One month of Republic TV – How did they fare?|url=https://www.altnews.in/one-month-republic-tv-fare/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}

-{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=27 October 2017|title=Republic claims Rahul Gandhi and Owaisi asked people not to stand up for National Anthem. Is that true?|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-claims-rahul-gandhi-owaisi-asked-people-not-stand-national-anthem-true/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}

-{{Cite web|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|title=The Daily Fix: Why the FIR ordered against Arnab Goswami is a blow to free media|url=https://scroll.in/article/912779/the-daily-fix-why-the-fir-ordered-against-arnab-goswami-is-a-blow-against-free-media|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=11 February 2019 |language=en-US}}

-{{Cite web|last=Madan|first=Aman|date=23 January 2019|title=India's Not-So-Free Media|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/indias-not-so-free-media/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en-US}}

-{{Cite news|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|date=2 December 2019|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|language=en|magazine=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|access-date=3 December 2019|issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Goswami has been also linked with the popularisation of the neologisms – ''[[Vivek Agnihotri#Urban Naxals|Urban Naxal]]'' and ''Anti-national'' – to denote those critical to right wing sentiments or the government, in a bid to evoke hyper-nationalism among the audience.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last1=Mishra|first1=Samarth|last2=Kumar Shukla|first2=Aditya|year=2019|title=Balancing Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: Case of India|url=https://www.pramanaresearch.org/gallery/prj-p1189.pdf|journal=Pramana Research Journal|volume=9|issue=6|pages=1414|issn=2249-2976}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bajpai|first1=Shailaja|date=11 May 2017|title=On the run|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/on-the-run-4/|access-date=17 May 2017|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web|last=Madan|first=Aman|date=23 January 2019|title=India's Not-So-Free Media|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/indias-not-so-free-media/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Zehn ki loot: The plunder of reason by Arnab Goswami|publisher=Scroll.in|url=http://scroll.in/article/710458/Zehn-ki-loot:-The-plunder-of-reason-by-Arnab-Goswami|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dev|first=Atul|title=An evening with Delhi's most wanted "anti-nationals"|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/umar-khalid-surrender|access-date=10 December 2019|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> Attempts to quell communal tensions through irresponsible reporting containing religious overtones have been alleged.<ref name=":22" />

Republic TV has been since compared to [[Media of North Korea|North Korean media]] for its extreme pro-government affinity and muzzling of dissent;<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2017|title=Tale of Two Republics: Why Shourie Compared Our Media to N Korea's|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2017/06/08/tale-of-two-republics-arun-shourie-indian-media-north-korea|access-date=12 November 2019|website=The Quint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Varadarajan|first=Siddharth|chapter=The State and/Of the Media in Modi's India |title=Indian Democracy: Origins, Trajectories, Contestations|date=2019|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9780745338927|editor-last=Nilsen|editor-first=Alf Gunvald|pages=59–60|doi=10.2307/j.ctvdmwxfb.9|jstor=j.ctvdmwxfb.9|s2cid=186276944|editor-last2=Nielsen|editor-first2=Kenneth Bo|editor-last3=Vaidya|editor-first3=Anand}}</ref> noted political scientist [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] and journalist [[Dexter Filkins]] have compared it to [[Fox News]], an American TV channel that practices journalism which is in favour of the right wing [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Edward|last2=Jaffrelot|first2=Christophe|date=2 October 2018|title=Hindu nationalism and the 'saffronisation of the public sphere': an interview with Christophe Jaffrelot|journal=Contemporary South Asia|volume=26|issue=4|pages=468–482|doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1545009|issn=0958-4935|s2cid=150328837}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite news|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|date=2 December 2019|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|language=en|magazine=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|access-date=3 December 2019|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> Vanita Kohli-Khandekar, over [[Business Standard]], noted it to be a "noisy, chaotic place where coherent debate without shouting, screaming and name-calling is impossible";<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kohli-Khandekar|first1=Vanita|date=8 May 2017|title=Arnab's Republic a reflection of what India has become- noisy and chaotic|work=Business Standard|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/arnab-s-republic-a-reflection-of-what-india-has-become-noisy-and-chaotic-117050800471_1.html|access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref> others have noted of its shows to be a "battle of babble", judgemental, brash and [[War hawk|hawkish]].<ref>{{cite web|date=27 May 2017|title=Arnab Goswami's Republic TV is losing the battle of babble; why not try something completely different?|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswamis-republic-tv-is-losing-the-battle-of-babble-why-not-try-something-completely-different-3488225.html|access-date=28 May 2017|work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Court Dismissed BJP MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar's Plea Against The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/law/press-is-watchdog-of-constitution-why-court-dismissed-bjp-mps-plea-against-the-wire|access-date=2 November 2019|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debate: Why Arnab Goswami's Banana 'Republic' Also Needs to Have a Seat at the Table|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnab-goswami-republic-tv-jignesh-mevani|access-date=14 November 2019|website=The Wire}}</ref> Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, in a ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' article, noted its coverage of the [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)|2019 India-Pakistan conflict]], to put [[jingoism]] ahead of journalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chandrashekhar|first=Vaishnavi|title=India's Media Is War-Crazy|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/01/indias-media-is-war-crazy/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Foreign Policy|date=March 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Fact-checking|Fact checkers]] have documented him, and his channels to have propagated misinformation and disinformation, on multiple occasions.{{refn|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boomlive.in/never-be-afraid-says-arnab-goswami-but-how-about-not-lying/|title='Never Be Afraid', Says Arnab Goswami. But How About Not Lying? {{!}} {{!}} BOOM|last=Jacob|first=Jency|date=23 September 2017|website=boomlive.in|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/arnab-goswami-republic-sudha-bharadwaj-row|title=Lawyer Sudha Bharadwaj Calls Out Republic Over 'False' Allegations|date=5 July 2018|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/is-35a-temporary-and-discriminatory-fact-checking-arnabs-claims|title=Is 35A Temporary and Discriminatory? Fact-Checking Arnab's Claims|date=1 August 2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/media-echoes-british-herald-calling-prime-minister-modi-most-powerful-person|title=Media Echoes 'British Herald' Calling PM Modi Most Powerful Person|date=24 June 2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/863542/darkness-in-jama-masjid-conversion-rate-card-and-10-more-fake-news-stories-spread-by-media-in-2017|title=Darkness in Jama Masjid, conversion rate card and 10 more fake news stories spread by media in 2017|last=Sam Jawed|first=altnews in|website=Scroll.in|date=4 January 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/times-now-and-republic-tv-misreport-congress-manifesto-for-telangana-as-muslim-centric/|title=Times Now and Republic TV misreport Congress manifesto for Telangana as Muslim-centric|last=Patel|first=Jignesh|date=29 November 2018|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-tv-falsely-portrays-man-praising-pm-modi-as-a-congress-mla/|title=Republic TV falsely portrays man praising PM Modi as a Congress MLA|last=Desk|first=Alt News|date=28 April 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/breaking-fake-news-aaj-tak-and-republic-tv-misreport-delhi-hc-verdict-on-aap-mlas/|title=Breaking Fake News: Aaj Tak and Republic TV misreport Delhi HC verdict on AAP MLAs|last=Desk|first=Alt News|date=23 March 2018|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/was-jignesh-mevanis-press-conference-congress-sponsored-as-alleged-by-republic-tv/|title=Was Jignesh Mevani's press conference "Congress sponsored" as alleged by Republic TV?|last=Sidharth|first=Arjun|date=6 January 2018|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-tv-gets-caught-faking-twice-day/|title=Republic TV gets caught faking twice in a day|last=Desk|first=Alt News|date=17 October 2017|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altnews.in/right-wing-spews-venom-social-media-senior-journalist-gauri-lankesh-shot-dead/|title=Right wing spews venom on social media after Senior Journalist Gauri Lankesh is shot dead|last=Desk|first=Alt News|date=6 September 2017|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>}}

==Controversies==
He has been accused of opinionated reporting<ref name=":82"/><ref name=":92"/> in support of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name=":102"/> and [[Hindutva]] across a wide spectrum of situations<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=30 October 2019|title=Indian journalists got a chance to grill controversial MEPs touring Kashmir. They asked about Pakistan, western media|language=en-UK|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/30/indian-journalists-got-a-chance-to-grill-controversial-meps-touring-kashmir-they-asked-about-pakistan-western-media|access-date=1 November 2019}}
 -{{Cite news|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=21 October 2019|title=Bloodlust TV: Calling out India's hate media|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/21/bloodlust-tv-calling-out-indias-hate-media}}</ref> – including by uncritical reproduction of government narratives,<ref name=":13">{{cite news|title=Arnab Goswami-style journalism is killing the essence of debates|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/arnab-goswami-style-journalism-is-killing-the-essence-of-debates-2803590.html|access-date=13 July 2016}}
 -{{cite news|title=The monster in the mirror|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy|access-date=13 July 2016}} -{{Cite web|last=Sekhri|first=Abhinandan|date=4 March 2015|title=Why Arnab Goswami's #NirbhayaInsulted Circus Was A Body Blow To Journalism : The Newshour anchor does a disservice to free speech by asking for a clampdown on India's Daughter on NDTV.|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2015/03/04/why-arnab-goswamis-nirbhayainsulted-circus-was-a-body-blow-to-journalism/|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Newslaundry|language=en-UK}} -{{Cite web|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|title=How the fog of war has blinded journalists to their roles|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/media/question-journalists-support-for-armed-forces|access-date=10 December 2019|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en}} -{{Cite web|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|title=The Daily Fix: Arnab Goswami must realise that journalism is about questioning, not blind acceptance|url=https://scroll.in/article/812561/the-daily-fix-arnab-goswami-must-realise-that-journalism-is-about-questioning-not-blind-acceptance|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=27 July 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> avoiding criticism of figures from the ruling party (BJP), and presenting political opponents in a negative light.<ref name=":19">{{Cite news|last=S|first=Meghnad|date=4 July 2019|title=Rahul Gandhi's resignation allowed TV channels to do what they do best|work=Newslaundry|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/04/rahul-gandhis-resignation-allowed-tv-channels-to-do-what-they-do-best}}
 -{{Cite journal|last=Drabu|first=Onaiza|year=2018|title=Who Is the Muslim? Discursive Representations of the Muslims and Islam in Indian Prime-Time News|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=9|issue=9|pages=283|doi=10.3390/rel9090283|doi-access=free}}
 -{{Cite web|date=29 March 2019|title=Podcast {{!}} Questions Arnab Goswami Didn't Ask Modi|url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/big-story-podcast-questions-arnab-goswami-didnt-ask-modi-in-republic-tv-interview|access-date=14 November 2019|website=The Quint|language=en}}
 -{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=22 January 2018|title=The sham of Republic TV's Twitter Polls|url=https://www.altnews.in/sham-republic-tvs-twitter-polls/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}
 -{{Cite web|last=Inamdar|first=Nikhil|title=How Narendra Modi has almost killed the Indian media|url=https://qz.com/india/1570899/how-narendra-modi-has-almost-killed-indian-media/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Quartz India|date=12 March 2019 |language=en}}
 -{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=8 June 2017|title=One month of Republic TV – How did they fare?|url=https://www.altnews.in/one-month-republic-tv-fare/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}
 -{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=27 October 2017|title=Republic claims Rahul Gandhi and Owaisi asked people not to stand up for National Anthem. Is that true?|url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-claims-rahul-gandhi-owaisi-asked-people-not-stand-national-anthem-true/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}} -{{Cite web|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|title=The Daily Fix: Why the FIR ordered against Arnab Goswami is a blow to free media|url=https://scroll.in/article/912779/the-daily-fix-why-the-fir-ordered-against-arnab-goswami-is-a-blow-against-free-media|access-date=14 November 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=11 February 2019 |language=en-US}} -{{Cite web|last=Madan|first=Aman|date=23 January 2019|title=India's Not-So-Free Media|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/indias-not-so-free-media/|access-date=14 November 2019|website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en-US}} -{{Cite news|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|date=2 December 2019|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|language=en|magazine=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|access-date=3 December 2019|issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

=== Tharoor defamation case ===
On 26 May 2017, parliamentarian [[Shashi Tharoor]] filed a civil [[defamation]] case in the [[Delhi High Court]] against Goswami and Republic TV in connection with the channel's broadcast of news items from 8 to 13 May claiming his link in his wife [[Sunanda Pushkar]]'s death in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/shashi-tharoor-files-defamation-case-against-arnab-goswami-4675250/|title=Congress leader Shashi Tharoor files defamation case against Republic TV's Arnab Goswami|date=26 May 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/shashi-tharoor-files-defamation-suit-against-arnab-goswami-republic-tv-in-high-court/articleshow/58862059.cms|title=Shashi Tharoor files defamation suit against Arnab Goswami, Republic TV in High Court|date=26 May 2017|work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Seeking the channel's response, Justice Manmohan of the High Court said, "Bring down the rhetoric. You can put out your story, you can put out the facts. You cannot call him names. That is uncalled for."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/delhi-hc-seeks-arnab-republic-tv-reply-on-tharoor-defamation-plea/article18598621.ece|title='Bring down the rhetoric', Delhi HC tells Arnab Goswami, Republic TV|date=29 May 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor defamation case: 'Bring down the rhetoric', Delhi HC tells Arnab Goswami |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bring-down-rhetoric-delhi-hc-tells-arnab-goswami-over-shashi-tharoors-defamation-plea-4679051/ |work=The Indian Express |date=29 May 2017 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Remark over Keralites ===
On 25 August 2018, according to ''The Week'' news magazine, Arnab Goswami was lambasted on [[social media]] after a 30-second video clip of him purportedly calling "a group" the "most shameless bunch of Indians I have ever seen" went viral on social media while discussing blocking foreign aid destined for the flood hit state of Kerala.<ref name="Week">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/08/26/did-arnab-goswami-call-keralites-shameless-clip-debate-goes-viral.html|title=Did Arnab Goswami call Keralites shameless? A clip of his debate goes viral|website=The Week|date=26 August 2018|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> He further added the people who are criticising the government of India in this regard are 'anti-national', 'paid agents', and 'shameless'. Keralites have showered the Facebook and Twitter accounts of [[Republic TV]] and Arnab Goswami with ridiculing comments in protest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malayalis hit back with trolls at Arnab Goswami's 'shameless' comment |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/malayalis-hit-back-with-trolls-at-arnab-goswami-s-shameless-comment-republic-tv-1.3087052 |access-date=5 September 2019 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=26 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> After being fact-checked by several news portals, it was finally revealed that Goswami's "most shameless bunch of Indians I have ever seen" comment did not refer to Keralites but he was actually targeting the "Tukde-Tukde Break India forces", "Leftists" and some Twitter handles that spread fake news about the 7 billion flood relief aid from the UAE.<ref name="Week"/>

=== News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) censures ===
On 30 August 2018, News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) of India demanded Republic TV to tender a full-screen apology for use of multiple objectionable words to describe a bunch of people at a political rally, who were harassing one of his journalists.<ref name=":3" /> Republic TV "removed the video from its website and YouTube account" after receiving the complaint<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnab-goswami-republic-tv-jignesh-mevani-2|title=Broadcasters Body Asks Republic TV's Arnab Goswami to Apologise For Misreporting|website=The Wire|access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/09/04/after-kerala-floods-controversy-arnab-goswami-and-republic-tv-face-another-trouble.html|title=After Kerala floods controversy, Arnab Goswami and Republic TV face another trouble|website=The Week}}</ref> but refused to comply with the NBSA order, instead filing an appeal.<ref name=":3">[https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/09/08/nbsa-republic-tv-apology What the NBSA ignored in its Republic TV order], Newslaundry, Cherry Agarwal (8 September 2018)</ref>

In October 2019, RepublicTV was again asked to broadcast a public apology, after the channel declined to co-operate in a case accusing Goswami of violating the standard prohibitions on racial and religious stereotyping and instead commented on NBSA to have engaged in "intense pseudo-judicial oversight".<ref name=":32">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/10/15/indias-broadcasting-regulator-ordered-republic-tv-to-air-an-apology-but-it-didnt-what-happens-now|title=India's broadcasting regulator ordered Republic TV to air an apology, but it didn't. What happens now?|last=Nair|first=Veena|date=15 October 2019|work=Newslaundry}}</ref> Republic TV did not abide by the order;<ref name=":32" /> incidentally, Goswami was the convener of the committee that drafted the code, years back.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/31/no-republic-tv-led-news-broadcasters-federation-is-not-fighting-lutyens-media|title=No, Republic TV-led News Broadcasters Federation is not fighting 'Lutyens Media'|last=Seshu|first=Geeta|date=31 July 2019|work=Newslaundry}}</ref>

=== 2020 Palghar mob lynching ===
In connection with the [[2020 Palghar mob lynching]] case, several [[first information report]]s were filed against Goswami, regarding his alleged use of inflammatory language, as well as claims of misinformation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chhattisgarh: FIRs filed against Arnab over Palghar comments, COVID-19 'fake news'|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/04/23/chhattisgarh-firs-filed-against-arnab-over-palghar-comments-covid-19-fake-news.html|website=The Week|language=en|access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/03/arnab-goswami-booked-on-charge-of-hurting-religious-feelings-2138741.html|title=Arnab Goswami booked on charge of hurting religious feelings|website=The New Indian Express|date=4 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com Viral News|date=22 April 2020|title=Netizens Trend #ArrestAntiIndiaArnab on Twitter For Alleged 'Communal Anchoring' on Palghar Lynching|url=https://www.india.com/viral/netizens-trend-arrestantiindiaarnab-on-twitter-against-the-news-anchor-for-alleged-communal-anchoring-on-palghar-lynching-4007886/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

===Confrontation between Arnab Goswami and Uddhav Thackeray===
Two Republic TV staff and a taxi driver were arrested on 8 September 2020 for allegedly trespassing on a farmhouse of Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Uddhav Thackeray]] in Raigad district.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2020|title=Republic says bid to silence after reporters held for 'trespass' at CM Uddhav Thackeray's house in Raigad|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/remand-until-september-14-republic-says-bid-to-silence-after-reporters-held-for-cm-house-trespass-6589876/|access-date=22 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The issue has since snowballed into a confrontation between Arnab Goswami and the Uddhav Thackeray government. Arnab on 11 September 2020 issued a statement demanding the release of the journalists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arnab Goswami warns Uddhav of legal fight over arrest of 'Republic' journos|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/09/11/arnab-goswami-warns-uddhav-of-legal-fight-over-arrest-of-republic-journos.html|access-date=22 September 2020|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> He also alleged that the leaders of the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] had threatened cable operators to "black out" ''Republic Bharat'', ''Republic TV''<nowiki/>'s Hindi channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republic TV channel blackout: No restraint orders against Cable Network Operators|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/republic-tv-channel-blackout-no-restraint-orders-against-cable-network-operators|access-date=22 September 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Phadke|first=Manasi|date=11 September 2020|title=Stop showing Arnab Goswami's Republic TV, it 'insulted' Uddhav – Sena tells cable operators|url=https://theprint.in/india/stop-showing-arnab-goswamis-republic-tv-it-insulted-uddhav-sena-tells-cable-operators/500836/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Abetment of suicide case===
Goswami was arrested on 4 November 2020 in a 2018 suicide case of Anvay Naik under Section 306 and Section 34 of [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] by [[Mumbai Police]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 November 2020|title=Republic TV Editor-in-Chief Arnab Goswami arrested in 2018 suicide case|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/republic-tv-editor-in-chief-arnab-goswami-arrested-by-mumbai-police-2322333.html|access-date=4 November 2020|work=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 November 2020|title=Republic TV Editor Arnab Goswami Arrested by Mumbai Police in 2018 Abetment to Suicide Case|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/republic-tv-editor-arnab-goswami-arrested-by-mumbai-police-in-2018-abetment-to-suicide-case-3040157.html|access-date=4 November 2020|work=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 November 2020|title=Republic TV Chief Arnab Goswami Arrested; Top BJP Ministers Cry Foul|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/republic-tv-chief-arnab-goswami-arrested-by-maharashtra-police_in_5fa21f15c5b6128c6b5dcddc|access-date=4 November 2020|work=HuffPost India|language=en}}</ref> Naik, in his suicide note had alleged non payment of dues from three individuals including Goswami, as the reason for ending his life.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Amrita Nayak |title=This is the 2018 suicide abetment case behind Arnab Goswami's arrest |url=https://theprint.in/india/this-is-the-2018-suicide-abetment-case-behind-arnab-goswamis-arrest/537007/ |access-date=4 November 2020 |work=ThePrint |date=4 November 2020}}</ref> He was released on interim bail ordered by the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 11 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vaidyanathan |first1=A. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Deepshikha |title=TV Anchor Arnab Goswami Gets Interim Bail From Supreme Court in Abetment To Suicide Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tv-anchor-arnab-goswami-granted-bail-by-supreme-court-in-abetment-to-suicide-case-2323856 |access-date=11 November 2020 |date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SC orders release of Arnab Goswami on interim bail, says 'personal liberty must be upheld' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arnab-goswami-abetment-to-suicide-case-bail-plea-supreme-court-7047373/ |access-date=11 November 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=11 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Supreme Court Orders Arnab Goswami's Release on Interim Bail|url=https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-arnab-goswami-bail-hearing|access-date=13 November 2020|work=The Wire|date=11 November 2020}}</ref>

=== TRP manipulation scam and leaked messages ===
{{main|TRP scam}}
In October 2020, the Mumbai police began investigating potential manipulation of [[target rating point]]s, on the basis of a complaint filed to them. Target rating points are a metric used to evaluate the reach of television and broadcast channels to their intended audience. The complaint alleged that several persons, including the former CEO of the [[Broadcast Audience Research Council]], Partho Dasgupta, had collaborated with broadcast channels to advertise misleading [[Audience measurement|viewership ratings]]. One of the channels against which such allegations had been made was Republic TV, with specific allegations against Goswami.<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=6 January 2021|title=Found proof against Republic TV, Arnab in TRP case: Police to HC|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/found-proof-against-republic-tv-arnab-in-trp-case-police-to-hc/article33511578.ece|access-date=21 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Mohamed|last=Thaver|date=29 December 2020|title=Arnab Goswami paid lakhs of rupees to ex-BARC CEO to boost TRPs: Mumbai Police to court|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arnab-goswami-fake-trp-scam-republic-barc-7123986/|access-date=21 January 2021|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> During the course of investigations, Mumbai Police officials seized a phone belonging to Partho Dasgupta, and filed several volumes of chats allegedly exchanged between Dasgupta and Goswami on the [[WhatsApp]] messaging service in the court as part of their [[Chargesheet|charge sheet]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2021|title=Mumbai Police cite WhatsApp chats between Arnab and ex-BARC chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arnab-goswami-partho-dasgupta-chats-republic-trp-scam-7148176/|access-date=21 January 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Two volumes of these messages were leaked publicly, containing alleged messages showing close links between Dasgupta and Goswami. These messages allegedly contain indications of manipulation of TRPs, as well as evidence that Goswami had access to privileged information and had interceded on Dasgupto's behalf with regulatory and government authorities.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 January 2021|title=WhatsApp transcripts reveal BARC chief Partho Dasgupta's links with Arnab Goswami|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/whatsapp-transcripts-reveal-barc-chiefs-links-with-arnab/article33582983.ece|access-date=21 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Katakam|first=Anupama|title=Arnab Goswami's WhatsApp chats with former BARC official reveal conflict of interest and murky closeness to power centres, besides raising questions on journalistic ethics|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/arnab-goswamis-whatsapp-chats-with-former-barc-official-reveal-conflict-of-interest-and-murky-closeness-to-power-centres-besides-raising-questions-on-journalistic-ethics/article33588380.ece|access-date=21 January 2021|work=Frontline|language=en|date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

The leaking of these messages led to widespread condemnation of Goswami and Dasgupta, both for alleged corrupt practices as well as for several comments attributed to them.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 January 2021|title='Shocked' to see WhatsApp messages exchanged between BARC India's former CEO and Arnab Goswami; NBA demands BARC makes a clear statement|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/shocked-to-see-whatsapp-messages-exchanged-between-barc-indias-former-ceo-and-arnab-goswami-nba-demands-barc-makes-a-clear-statement-2336538.html|access-date=21 January 2021|work=Zee News|language=en}}</ref> The News Broadcasters' Association publicly called for the expulsion of Republic TV from the Indian Broadcasting Foundation, pointing to Goswami's messages as a reason.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 January 2021|title=Broadcasters association demands Republic TV's expulsion from industry body|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/broadcasters-association-demands-republic-tvs-expulsion-from-industry-body/article33601683.ece|access-date=21 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On the basis of these leaked messages, there have also been several calls for legal action against Goswami as one of the messages attributed to him allegedly indicates that he had access to privileged information concerning the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] before it was in the public domain, and that he had shared this privileged information with Dasgupta.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 January 2021|title=Three days before Balakot, Arnab told ex-BARC chief 'something big will happen'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/three-days-before-balakot-arnab-tells-barc-chief-something-big-will-happen/article33588655.ece|access-date=21 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=18 January 2021|title=WhatsApp chats of Arnab, BARC ex-CEO reveal fraud, raise national security questions: Congress|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/whatsapp-chats-of-goswami-barc-ex-ceo-reveal-fraud-raise-national-security-questions-cong-7150604/|access-date=21 January 2021|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 January 2021|title=Arnab Goswami: TRP scam: Shock, outrage on social media over Arnab Goswami and ex-BARC CEO's WhatsApp chats|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/trp-scam-shock-outrage-on-social-media-over-arnab-goswami-and-ex-barc-ceos-whatsapp-chats/articleshow/80328250.cms|access-date=21 January 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> On 20 January 2021, Maharashtra Home Minister Anil Deshmukh stated that he was considering initiating legal action against Goswami for violating the Official Secrets Act 1923.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2021|title=Maharashtra government mulls action against Arnab Goswami over leaked chats|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/maharashtra-government-mulls-action-against-republic-tv-s-arnab-goswami-in-leaked-chats-case-home-minister-anil-deshmukh-101611087297172.html|access-date=21 January 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> On 27 January 2021, Congress leaders filed a criminal complaint against Goswami in Mumbai, alleging violations of the Official Secrets Act.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mirror Online|date=27 January 2021|title=More trouble for Arnab Goswami? Congress leaders file a complaint|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/more-trouble-for-arnab-goswami-congress-leaders-file-a-complaint/articleshow/80478795.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127112512/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/more-trouble-for-arnab-goswami-congress-leaders-file-a-complaint/articleshow/80478795.cms |archive-date=27 January 2021 |access-date=29 January 2021|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

On 22 June 2021 Mumbai Police Names Arnab Goswami, Republic TV Chief, As Accused In TRP Scam Chargesheet. The police named Goswami and four others from ARG Outlier Media (that owns Republic TV) in their 1800-page supplementary charge sheet submitted in the Esplanade Metropolitan Magistrate Court.The court noted that false evidence supported the argument when it issued the order earlier. In court, the Maharashtra state argued that Arnab Goswami and his channel Republic TV were the targets of falsified cases and evidence. On 6 March 2024, Mumbai court approved the Mumbai Police's request to withdraw all charges related to the 2020 TRP fraud. The Maharashtra government made the decision to drop the prosecution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Neha |date=6 March 2024 |title=Mumbai Court allows Police to withdraw TRP Scam case against Arnab Goswami, others |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/mumbai-court-allows-crime-branch-to-withdraw-trp-scam-case-against-arnab-goswami |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakim |first=Sharmeen |date=6 March 2024 |title=Mumbai Court Accepts Maharashtra Govt Plea To Withdraw Prosecution In Alleged TRP Scam Case In Which Arnab Goswami Is An Accused |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/mumbai-court-accepts-maharashtra-govt-plea-to-withdraw-prosecution-in-alleged-trp-scam-case-in-which-arnab-goswami-is-an-accused-251472 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2024 |title='Fake TRP' case against Republic, Arnab Goswami allowed to be withdrawn |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai-police-seeks-withdrawal-of-trp-case-against-republic-court-accepts-101709731398798.html |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Kabul Serena Hotel remarks ===
In his show on Republic TV on 18 September 2021, Goswami claimed that Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agents were staying on the fifth floor of the [[Kabul Serena Hotel|Serena Hotel]] in Kabul and abetting Afghan [[Taliban]] fighters in [[Panjshir conflict|Panjshir]]. In reality, the hotel had only two floors, as was immediately pointed out by a Pakistani panellist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 September 2021|title=Arnab Goswami left red-faced over false Kabul Serena Hotel claims|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2321072/arnab-goswami-left-red-faced-over-false-kabul-serena-hotel-claims|access-date=30 September 2021|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> This led to Goswami being lampooned on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=20 September 2021|title=India's Goswami lampooned after claiming ISI agents are staying on 5th floor of two-storey Kabul hotel|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1647245|access-date=30 September 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

=== Dr. Rajendra Kumar Pachauri v. Indu jain & Others ===
On 25 May 2023, Goswami tendered his unconditional apology before the Delhi High Court in a 2016 contempt case moved by the former Executive Vice-Chairman of [[The Energy and Resources Institute]], R.K. Pachauri. Pachauri had filed a plea in 2016, contending that the media houses were in contempt of court orders on publishing any news report or article or opinion relating to an ongoing case about allegations of sexual harassment against him. Several other media figures and companies were also mentioned in the plea filed by R.K. Pachauri, including Bennet & Coleman, The Economic Times, Raghav Ohri and Prannoy Roy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thapliyal |first1=Nupur |title=Arnab Goswami Tenders Unconditional Apology In Contempt Case Filed By Former TERI Chief RK Pachauri Before Delhi High Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-arnab-goswami-unconditional-apology-contempt-former-teri-chief-rk-pachauri-229469 |access-date=2 August 2023 |work=Livelaw.in |date=25 May 2023}}</ref>

===False information allegations (2025)===
In May 2025, the [[Indian National Congress]] filed a First Information Report (FIR) against Goswami, editor-in-chief of [[Republic TV]], and [[Amit Malviya]], head of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP)]] IT cell. The complaint alleged that both individuals were involved in disseminating false information as part of a misleading campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |last=D'Souza |first=Prajwal |date=21 May 2025 |title=Congress FIR: Amit Malviya, Arnab Goswami Booked Over 'False Info' Amid Operation Sindoor Tensions |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/amit-malviya-arnab-goswami-booked-for-spreading-false-information-on-congress-3549726 |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
''Barely Speaking with Arnub'', an Indian [[Satire (film and television)|mock comedy]]-talk-show produced by ''[[The Viral Fever]]'' spoofs Goswami's on-air personality with [[Biswapati Sarkar]] playing a caricaturised version of him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guess who's back?: Barely Speaking with Arnub is returning with its season 2|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/guess-whos-back-barely-speaking-with-arnub-is-returning-with-its-season-2-2902862.html|website=[[Firstpost]]|date=20 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Aditi |date=12 February 2015 |title=Arvind Kejriwal meets fake Kejriwal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/arvind-kejriwal-meets-fake-kejriwal/articleshow/46211153.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=5 August 2018 |title=Watch: Anil Kapoor goes head to head with 'Arnub' in this spoof interview |url=https://scroll.in/video/889240/watch-anil-kapoor-goes-head-to-head-with-arnub-in-this-spoof-interview |access-date=11 April 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Honors ==
* 2004: Best Presenter or Anchor in [[Asian Television Awards]]<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/ndtvdraft.pdf |title=Draft Red Herring Prospectus |date=8 March 2004 |publisher=New Delhi Television Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928135551/http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/ndtvdraft.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>
* Goswami had won the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Award for Excellence in Journalism]] (TV) in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rngfoundation.com/awards/pastawards/2008.html|title=Rng Past Awards|website=rngfoundation.com|access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>
* 2010: TV Personality of the Year category in the Men of the Year awards by [[GQ India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2010 |title=Men of the Year – The winners 2010 |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/men-year-winners-2010 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* 2010: Assamese of the Year by [[News Live (Indian TV channel)|News Live]], presented by [[Chief Minister of Assam]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2010 |archive-date=1 April 2012 |title=The Assam Tribune Online |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan1810/City3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401104420/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan1810/City3 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=assamtribune.com}}</ref>
* 2014: News Anchor of the Year at [[International Advertising Association|IAA Leadership Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2014 |title=SRK, PC, Arnab Win Leadership Awards |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/work-and-life/shahrukh-khan-priyanka-chopra-arnab-goswami-win-at-iaa-leadership-awards-131787.html |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* 2018: Mediaperson of the Year Award at IAA Leadership Awards<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=15 September 2010 |title=Arnab Goswami gets Mediaperson of the Year Award |url=https://assamtribune.com/arnab-goswami-gets-mediaperson-of-the-year-award |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>
* On 8 December 2019, he was unanimously elected as the President of News Broadcasting Federation, a newly formed federation of about 78 channels, which sought to replace NBSA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Arnab Goswami elected president of News Broadcasters Federation's governing board|url=https://scroll.in/latest/946238/news-broadcasters-federation-elects-arnab-goswami-as-governing-board-president|access-date=29 December 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=9 December 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=8 December 2019|title=News Broadcasters Federation elects Arnab Goswami as governing board president|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/news-broadcasters-federation-elects-arnab-goswami-as-governing-board-president/article30238835.ece|access-date=29 December 2019|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/07/31/no-republic-tv-led-news-broadcasters-federation-is-not-fighting-lutyens-media|title=No, Republic TV-led News Broadcasters Federation is not fighting 'Lutyens Media'|last=Seshu|first=Geeta|date=31 July 2019|work=Newslaundry|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Arnab Goswami}}

* [http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/fast-and-furious?page=0,10 Profile in Caravan magazine]
* [http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/arnab-goswami-ekta-kapoor-of-tv-news-114022100939_1.html Profile in Business Standard]
*{{IMDb name|id=10027553}}

{{NDTV Personnel}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goswami, Arnab}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television executives]]
[[Category:Indian television news anchors]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian political journalists]]
[[Category:Assamese people]]
[[Category:Journalists from Assam]]
[[Category:Godi media]]

Ranganath (actor)

2026-03-16T21:07:44Z

AryaShah: cleaned up lead after review and improved wording per standard format

{{Short description|Indian actor (1946–2015)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ranganath
| image = Actor-ranganath.jpg
| caption = 
| alt = Portrait of Ranganath
| birth_name = Tirumala Sundara Sri Ranganath
| birth_date = {{birth-date|17 July 1946}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State|Madras Province]], [[Dominion of India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|19 December 2015|17 July 1946}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1969–2015
| children = 3
| alma_mater = [[Sri Venkateswara University]]
| occupation = Actor
}}
'''Tirumala Sundara Sri Ranganath''' (17 July 1946 – 19 December 2015) was an Indian actor known for his works primarily in [[Telugu cinema]], Telugu Theater, television, and a few [[Tamil film]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Yesteryear-actor-Ranganath-hangs-himself-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/50251061.cms |title=Yesteryear actor Ranganath hangs himself in Hyderabad |work=The Times of India |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095650/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Yesteryear-actor-Ranganath-hangs-himself-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/50251061.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In a film career spanning more than forty years, Ranganath starred in more than three hundred feature films in a variety of roles. He made his debut with the 1969 Telugu film ''[[Buddhimantudu]]''.<ref name="intoday.in">{{cite web |author=Bijaya Kumar Das |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/telugu-actor-ranganath-dead-cops-suspect-suicide-278064-2015-12-19 |title=Telugu actor Ranganath dead, cops suspect suicide |work=indiatoday |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=29 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229222558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/telugu-actor-ranganath-dead-cops-suspect-suicide/1/551549.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Subsequently, he starred in films such as ''Chandana'', ''Zamindarugari Ammayi'', ''Devathalara Deevinchandi'', ''Panthulamma'', ''Intinti Ramayanam'', ''America Ammayi'', ''Andame Anandam'' while establishing himself as one of the finest actors in [[Telugu cinema]]. Ranganath received state [[Nandi Awards]] for his works.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://teluguchitraa.blogspot.com/2015/12/senior-telugu-actor-ranganath-nomore.html |trans-title=Senior Telugu actor Ranganath no more |title=ప్రముఖ తెలుగు సినీ సీనియర్ నటుడు రంగనాథ్ స్వర్గస్థులయ్యారు |work=Telugu Chitraa |language=te |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150329/http://teluguchitraa.blogspot.com/2015/12/senior-telugu-actor-ranganath-nomore.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ranganath committed suicide at his residence in Hyderabad on 19 December 2015.<ref name="intoday.in"/><ref name=ni-express-depressed/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/movies/telugu-actor-ranganath-no-more-262465 |title=Telugu actor Ranganath no more |work=ABP Live |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221222651/http://www.abplive.in/movies/telugu-actor-ranganath-no-more-262465 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ranganath was born Tirumala Sundara Sri Ranganath in [[Madras]] on 17 July 1946 into the family of T. R. Sundara Raju and T. R. Janaki Devi. He then graduated with a B.A. degree from [[Sri Venkateswara University]], Tirupati. Ranganath then worked as ticket collector for the [[Indian Railways]] before becoming an actor. His wife Tirumala Chaithanya died in 2009.<ref name=ni-express-depressed/> They had two daughters, and a son, Tirumala Nagendra Kumar.<ref name=ni-express-depressed/>

==Career==
Ranganath got his first break in 1969 in the film [[Buddhimantudu]]. It was in 1974 that he was chosen to play the lead role in the film ''Chandana''. The actor endeared himself to the audience through his sensitive portrayal of various roles. Some of his most popular films include ''Intinti Ramayanam'', ''[[America Ammayi (film)|America Ammayi]]'', ''[[Love in Singapore (1980 Telugu film)|Love in Singapore]]'', ''Zamindaru Gari Ammayyi'', ''Panthulamma'', ''Andame Anandam'', ''Mavuri Devatha'', ''Kondaveeti Donga'', ''Thayaramma Bangarayya'', ''Rama Chiluka'', ''Khaidi'', ''Devathalara Deevinchandi'' and ''Sriramadasu''.

Apart from acting in several serials, he has also directed a feature film titled ''[[Moguds Pellams]]'' (2005), starring [[Sivaji Raja]] and [[Rathi Arumugam|Rathi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Ranganath ends life, leaves all his wealth to maid |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151220/nation-current-affairs/article/actor-ranganath-ends-life-leaves-all-his-wealth-maid |access-date=10 July 2020 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710150700/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151220/nation-current-affairs/article/actor-ranganath-ends-life-leaves-all-his-wealth-maid |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yesteryear actor Ranganath hangs himself in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Yesteryear-actor-Ranganath-hangs-himself-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/50251061.cms |access-date=10 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925213603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/yesteryear-actor-ranganath-hangs-himself-in-hyderabad/articleshow/50251061.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Death==
Ranganath was found hanging in his residence at Hyderabad on 19 December 2015 at about 5 pm by his housemaid. Family members rushed him to the hospital, but he was declared dead on arrival. Police investigated the situation, and upon autopsy and further evidence, confirmed suicide.<ref name=ni-express-depressed>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Depressed-Ranganath-Rejected-Acting-Offers/2015/12/21/article3188470.ece |title=Depressed Ranganath Rejected Acting Offers |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104147/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Depressed-Ranganath-Rejected-Acting-Offers/2015/12/21/article3188470.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Suhaas Bharadwaj |url=http://newsbing.com/entertainment/actor-ranganath-passes-away-found-hanging/270 |title=Actor Ranganath passes away, found hanging |work=News Bing – Latest News |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224223527/http://newsbing.com/entertainment/actor-ranganath-passes-away-found-hanging/270 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telanganastateinfo.com/senior-actor-ranganath-died/ |title=Senior Actor Ranganath Died – Versatile Telugu Film Actor |work=Telangana State Information,-News |access-date=29 December 2015 |date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225215836/http://www.telanganastateinfo.com/senior-actor-ranganath-died/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Selected filmography==
===Telugu===
{{colbegin}}
#''[[Buddhimantudu]]'' (1969)
#''[[Vintha Samsaram]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vintha Samsaram on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/vintha-samsaram |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref> (1971) (Credited as Sri Ranganath) as Investigation Department Official
#''[[Chandana (film)|Chandana]]'' (1974) .. First movie as Hero
#''[[Palleseema]]'' (1974)
#''[[Chaduvu Samskaram]]'' (1974)
#''[[Zamindarugari Ammayi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zamindaru gari Ammayi (1975) |url=https://indiancine.ma/RGS/info |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1975) as Ramesh
#''Ramaya Tandri'' (1975)
#''[[America Ammayi (film)|America Ammayi]]'' (1976)
#''Pellade Bomma'' (1976)
#''Rattalu Rambabu'' (1976)
#''[[Secretary (1976 film)|Secretary]]'' (1976)
#''Andame Anandam'' (1977)
#''[[Devathalara Deevinchandi]]'' (1977)
#''[[Panthulamma]]'' (1977)
#''Chiranjeevi Rambabu'' (1977) as Madhu
#''Ramachilaka'' (1978)
# ''[[Love Marriage (1978 film)|Love Marriage]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Marriage {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/love_marriage |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> (1978) as Prasad
#''Gammattu Gudhachari'' (1978)
#''[[Lawyer Viswanath]]'' (17 November 1978)
#''[[Tayaramma Bangarayya]]'' (1979)
#''Intinti Ramayanam'' (1979)
#''[[Andadu Aagadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhadu Aagadu (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AMIP |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1979) as Mohan
#''[[Maa Voori Devatha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Voori Devatha (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AMKA |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1979) as Inspector Raghu
#''Priya Bhandavi'' (1979)
#''Andamaina Anubhavam'' (1979)
#''Madana Manjari'' (1980)
#''[[Love in Singapore (1980 Telugu film)|Love in Singapore]]'' (1980) as Prem
#''Mama Allulla Saval'' (1980) as Sathish
#''Navvuthu Brathakali'' (1980)
#''[[Badai Basavayya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badai Basavayya |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/badai-basavayya/cast/2030247088/ |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221081308/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/badai-basavayya/cast/2030247088/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (1980) as Himself
#''Menatta Kuthuru'' (1980)
#''Dharmam Daari Tappithe'' (1980)
#''[[Alludu Pattina Bharatam]]'' (1980)
#''Snehamera Jeevitham'' (1980)
#''Lokam Pokada'' (1980)
#''Pasidi Moggalu'' (1980)
#''[[Erra Mallelu]]'' (1981)
#''[[Jeevitha Ratham]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeevitha Ratham on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/jeevitha-ratham |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=Moviebuff.com |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411041920/https://www.moviebuff.com/jeevitha-ratham |url-status=live }}</ref> (1981) as Chandram
#''Guvvala Janta'' (1981)
#''Nayudu Garabbai'' (1981)
#''Kala Rathri'' (1981) .. Latha
#''[[Gruha Pravesam (1982 film)|Gruha Pravesam]]'' (1982)
#''Ee Charitra Ee Sirato'' (1982)
#''[[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]]'' (1983)
#''[[Aalaya Sikharam]]'' (1983) as Rajashekhar
#''[[Adavalle Aligithe]]'' (1983)
#''[[Idhi Kaadu Mugimpu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idhi Kaadu Mugimpu cast |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/idi-kaadu-mugimpu-1983}}</ref> (1983) as Public Prosecutor
#''[[Raju Rani Jackie]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raju Rani Jackie (1983) {{!}} V CINEMA – Movie, Review, Cast, Songs & Release Date |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/about:blank |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=www.vcinema.com |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161434/https://www.vcinema.com/movie/about:blank |url-status=live }}</ref> (1983) as Jagannath
#''Manishiki Maro Peru'' (1983)
#''[[Raghuramudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raghuramudu (1983) |url=https://indiancine.ma/XZT |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1983) as Kumar
#''[[Koteeswarudu]]'' (1984) as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]]
#''Ee Chaduvulu Makkodu'' (1984)
#''Disco Dancer'' (1984)
#''[[Merupu Daadi]]'' (1984) as Professor Varma
#''Rowdy''<ref>{{Citation |title=Rowdy Telugu Full Length Movie {{!}} Krishnam Raju {{!}} Radha {{!}} Bhanupriya {{!}} Sharada {{!}} V9 Videos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzd5vFIxWX4 |access-date=18 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002023611/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzd5vFIxWX4 |url-status=live }}</ref> (1984) as Srikanth
#''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]'' (1985)
#''[[Palnati Simham]]'' (1985)
#''Paripoyina Khaideelu'' (1985)
#''[[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]'' (1985)
#''[[Adavi Donga]]'' (1985)
#''[[Chiranjeevi (1985 film)|Chiranjeevi]]'' (1985) as Kumar
#''[[Edadugula Bandham]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edadugula Bandham {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/edadugula_bandham |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> (1985) as Janardhan
#''[[Intiko Rudramma]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=M7CS6DeiqF8 |title=Intiko Rudramma Full Movie {{!}} Bhanuchander,Sumalatha,Ranganath,Sharada,Sujatha,Giribabu {{!}} ETV Cinema |date=2024-09-09 |last=ETV Cinema |access-date=2024-09-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/intiko-rudramma-am413699/cast-crew |title=Intiko Rudramma (1985) - S.A. Chandrashekhar {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} AllMovie |language=en |access-date=2024-09-13 |via=www.allmovie.com}}</ref> (1985) as Inspector Chandrashekhar
# ''Mayadari Maridi'' (1985)
#''Sri Datta Darshanam'' (1985)
#''Ashtalakshmi Vaibhavam'' (1986) as [[Mahishasura]]
#''[[Veta (1986 film)|Veta]]'' (1986)
#''Naga Devathe'' (1986)
#''[[Vetagallu]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zg1MK_KjW50 |title=VETAGALLU {{!}} { EXCLUSIVE } TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} BHANUCHANDER {{!}} GIRI BABU {{!}}OORVAASI {{!}} INDIAN MOVIE CAFE |language=en |access-date=2024-04-29 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> (1986) as Mangapathi
#''[[Nampalli Nagu]]'' (1986)
#''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]'' (1986)
#''Maruthi'' (1986)
#''[[Jayam Manade (1986 film)|Jayam Manade]]'' (1986) as Ravindra
#''[[Ide Naa Samadhanam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Ide Naa Samadhanam (1986) Complete Cast & Crew |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/ide-naa-samadhanam-1986-telugu-movie/cast-crew |access-date=21 April 2023 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421153510/https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/ide-naa-samadhanam-1986-telugu-movie/cast-crew |url-status=live }}</ref> (1986) as Inspector Vikram
#''[[Kaliyuga Krishnudu]]'' (1986) as Vasudeva Rao
#''[[Chanakya Sapatham]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chanakya Sapadam (1986) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AASV |access-date=20 January 2024 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120112647/https://indiancine.ma/AASV |url-status=live }}</ref> (1986) as Ranga
#''[[Brahma Rudrulu]]'' (1986) as Balaram
#''[[Donga Mogudu]]'' (1987)
#''[[Sankhavaram]]'' (1987)
# ''Peliloi Pellilu'' (1987)
#''[[Bharatamlo Arjunudu]]'' (1987) as Ranganayakulu
#''[[Samrat (1987 film)|Samrat]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samrat (1987) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ACFP |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105183201/https://indiancine.ma/ACFP |url-status=live }}</ref> (1987) as Phanibhushana Rao
#''[[Sthree Sahasam (1987 film)|Sthree Sahasam]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=STHREE SAHASAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SILK SMITHA {{!}} TELUGU MOVIE ZONE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmhWLjZrRjQ |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108193205/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zmhWLjZrRjQ |url-status=live }}</ref> (1987) as Sudhakar
#''[[Gandhinagar Rendava Veedhi]]'' (1987)
#''[[Bhale Mogudu]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Chakravarthy (1987 film)|Chakravarthy]]'' (1987)
#''Daada'' (1987)
#''[[Bhargava Ramudu]]'' (1987)
# ''Marana Homam''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiancine.ma/ABZD | title=Marana Homam (1987) | access-date=21 January 2024 | archive-date=30 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430005635/https://indiancine.ma/ABZD | url-status=live }}</ref> (1987)
#''[[Sardar Krishnama Naidu]]'' (1987) as Chandrasekharam
#''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]'' (1987) as Veerasekhara Chola
#''[[Thandri Kodukula Challenge]]'' (1987) as Adv. Ramu
#''[[Antima Teerpu (1988 film)|Antima Theerpu]]'' (1988)
#''Rocky'' (1988)
#''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1988 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1988)
#''Bharya Bhartalu'' (1988)
#''[[Trinetrudu]]'' (1988)
#''[[Marana Mrudangam]]'' (1988)
#''[[Raktabhishekam]]'' (1988)
#''Bharya Bhartalu'' (1988)
#''[[Bandipotu (1988 film)|Bandipotu]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tR9eRF3Zgkw |title=BANDIPOTU {{!}} { EXCLUSIVE } TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SUMAN {{!}} GOWTHAMI {{!}} KALPANA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |language=en |access-date=2024-04-21 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> (1988) as Commissioner of Police
#''[[Dharma Teja]]'' (1988) as Ramkumar
#''[[Bharya Bhartalu (1988)|Bharya Bhartalu]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=BHARYA BARTHALU {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SHOBAN BABU {{!}} SUHASINI {{!}} RAADHA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I02sBk_8EsU |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430045021/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I02sBk_8EsU |url-status=live }}</ref> (1988) as Ranga Rao
#''[[Ugranethrudu]]'' (1988) as Justice Harishchandra Prasad
#''[[Agni Keratalu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agni Keratalu (1988) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ACLJ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629191352/https://indiancine.ma/ACLJ |url-status=live }}</ref> (1988) as Chakradhar
#''[[State Rowdy]]'' (1989)
#''[[Rudranetra]]'' (1989)
#''Krishna Gari Abbayi'' (1989)
#''[[Sahasame Naa Oopiri]]'' (1989)
#''[[Muthyamantha Muddu]]'' (1989)
#''[[Simha Swapnam]]'' (1989)
#''[[Vicky Daada]]'' (1989) as D.I.G. Ranganatha Rao
#''[[Adavilo Abhimanyudu]]'' (1989) as Col. Raghuram
#''[[Kokila (1990 film)|Kokila]]'' (1990)
#''[[Kodama Simham]]'' (1990)
#''[[Inspector Rudra]]'' (1990)
#''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]'' (1990)
#''[[Iddaru Iddare]]'' (1990)
# ''Nayakuralu'' (1991)
# ''[[Atiradhudu]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=9PdEJm2Dw-A |title=ATHIRADHUDU {{!}} EXCLUSIVE TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} BHANU CHANDER {{!}} J.D.CHAKRAVARTHY {{!}} NIROSHA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |date=2024-08-03 |last=v9 Videos |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref> (1991) as Police Inspector
#''[[Prema Sikharam]]'' (1992)
#''[[Sahasam (1992 film)|Sahasam]]'' (1992)
#''[[Samrat Ashoka]]'' (1992) as Bindusara
#''[[Brindavanam]]'' (1992)
# ''Donga Alludu'' (1993)
# ''Pelli Gola'' (1993)
#''[[Mugguru Monagallu (1994 film)|Mugguru Monagallu]]'' (1994)
# ''Neram'' (1994)
#''[[Presidentgari Alludu]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=PRESIDENT GARI ALLUDU {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} BHANU CHANDER {{!}} VANI VISWANATH {{!}} TELUGU MOVIE ZONE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZzCqsMoLsA |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030192534/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZzCqsMoLsA |url-status=live }}</ref> (1994) as Gopinath
#''Cheemala Dandu'' (1995)
#''[[Mrugam]]'' (1996)
#''Amma Durgamma'' (1996)
#''[[Taraka Ramudu]]'' (1997)
#''Priyamaina Srivaru'' (1997)
#''[[Premante Idera]]'' (1998) as Venkatramayya
#''[[Subhalekhalu]]'' (1998)
#''[[Snehithulu]]'' (1998)
#''[[Police 1999 film|Police]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=UtNDO6_2u6s |title=Police Telugu Full Movie {{!}} Srihari, Aswani, Arun Pandyan {{!}} Watch Online Action Telugu Movies |date=2016-11-14 |last=Popular Telugu Movies |access-date=2024-10-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref> (1999) as Police Commissioner
#''[[Premaku Velayera]]'' (1999) as Ramanatham
#''[[Vichitram 1999 film|Vichitram]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=VICHITRAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} BRAMHANANDHAM {{!}} AVS {{!}} KAVITHA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSoMRL1a5No |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163442/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSoMRL1a5No |url-status=live }}</ref> (1999) as Nadabrahma
#''Aasala Sandadi'' (1999)
#''[[Krishna Babu]]'' (1999)
#''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]'' (1999)
#''[[Sambayya (film)|Sambayya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sambaiah {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sambaiah |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sambaiah |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/sambaiah/cast/2000047758/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> (1999) as Sivaramakrishnayya
#''[[Kalisundam Raa]]'' (2000) ... Ram Mohan
#''[[Vijayaramaraju]]'' (2000)
#''[[Okkadu Chalu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Okkadu Chalu (2000) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BGZL |access-date=25 December 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225181949/https://indiancine.ma/BGZL |url-status=live }}</ref> (2000) ... Commissioner
#''[[Sri Srimati Satyabhama]]'' (2000)
#''[[Ammaye Navvithe]]'' (2001) ... Seshadri Naidu
#''[[Eduruleni Manishi (2001 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]'' (2001)
#''[[Sampangi]]'' (2001)
#''Narahari'' (2001)
#''[[Repallelo Radha]]'' (2001)
#''[[Naalo Unna Prema]]'' (2001)
#''Apparao Ki Oka Nela Tappindi'' (2001)
#''[[Premalo Pavani Kalyan]]'' (2002)
#''Police Sisters'' (2002)
#''[[Raghava (film)|Raghava]]'' (2002)
#''[[Manmadhudu]]'' (2002)
#''[[Kondaveeti Simhasanam]]'' (2002)
#''[[Nijam]]'' (2003) ... Venkateswarlu
#''[[Villain (2003 film)|Villain]]'' (2003)
#''[[Sakhiya]]'' (2004)
#''[[Adavi Ramudu (2004 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'' (2004)
#''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004)
#''[[Andhrawala]]'' (2004)
#''[[Laxmi (2004 film)|Laxmi]]'' (2004)
#''[[Radha Gopalam]]'' (2005)
#''[[Kunkuma]]'' (2005)
#''[[Devi Abhayam]]'' (2005)
#''[[Moguds Pellams]]'' (2005) – Director
#''[[Annavaram (film)|Annavaram]]'' (2006)
#''[[Samanyudu]]'' (2006) ... Chandra Shekhar
#''[[Sri Ramadasu]]'' (2006)
#''[[Lakshmi (2006 film)|Lakshmi]]'' (2006)
#''Hanumanthu'' (2006)
#''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'' (2007)
#''Sri Satyanarayana Swamy'' (2007)
#''[[Nee Sukhame Ne Koruthunna]]'' (2008)
#''Bhadradri'' (2008)
#''[[Sundarakanda (2008 film)|Sundarakanda]]'' (2008)
#''[[Victory (2008 Telugu film)|Victory]]'' (2008)
#''[[Mitrudu]]'' (2009)
#''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (2011 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' (2011)
#''Sanchalanam'' (2011)
#''[[Daggaraga Dooramga]]'' (2011)
#''[[Solo (2011 film)|Solo]]'' (2011)
#''[[Rushi (film)|Rushi]]'' (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/first-look-of-rushi-held/article2793636.ece|title=‘First look' of Rushi held|last=Krishnamoorthy|first=Suresh|date=12 January 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123082733/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/first-look-of-rushi-held/article2793636.ece|archive-date=23 November 2022|access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref>
#''[[Dammu]]'' (2012)
#''[[Devaraya (film)|Devaraya]]'' (2012)
#''Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Charitra'' (2014)
#''I am in Love'' (2014)
#''Cut Cheste'' (2014)
#''Vengamamba'' (2014)
#''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]'' (2015)
{{colend}}

===Tamil===
#''[[Kai Kodukkum Kai]]'' (1984)
#''[[Raja Rishi]]'' (1985)
#''Naam'' (1985)
#''Ungal Anbu Thangachi'' (1994)
#''[[Devan (film)|Devan]]'' (2002)
#''[[Aanai]]'' (2005)

===Other languanges===
#''[[Neelambari (2001 film)|Neelambari]]'' (2001) (Kannada)
#''[[Grama Devathe]]'' (2001) (Kannada)
#''[[3 Deewarein]]'' (2003) (Hindi) ... Chief Justice S. S. Murthy

==Television==
*[[Santhi Nivasam (TV series)|''Santhi Nivasam'']] ([[ETV Network|ETV]])
*''My Name Is Mangathayaaru'' as KMR ([[Zee Telugu]])
*''Iddaru Ammayilu'' as Venkata Raju ([[Zee Telugu]])
*''Atto Attama Kooturo'' ([[Gemini TV]])
*''Mogalirekulu'' ([[Gemini TV]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganath}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu theatre]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:2015 suicides]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]

Shamshad Begum

2026-03-12T19:13:14Z

AryaShah: improved article

{{Short description|Indian playback singer (1919–2013)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Shamshad Begum
| honorific_suffix = [[Padma Bhushan]]
| image = Shamshad Begum 2016 postcard of India crop.jpg
| image_size =
| awards = O. P. Nayyar Award (2009) [[Padma Bhushan]] Award (2009)
| caption = Begum in 1970
| spouse = {{marriage|Ganpat Lal Batto|1934|1955|reason=died}}
| birth_name =
| father = Mian Hussain Baksh
| mother = Ghulam Fatima
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|4|14}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2013|04|23|1919|04|14}}
| death_place = [[Hiranandani Gardens, Mumbai|Hiranandani Gardens]], Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| module = {{Infobox musical artist |embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| origin =
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| occupation = Film playback singer
| instrument =
| years_active = 1933–1976

}}
}}

'''Shamshad Begum''' ([[Urdu]]: شمشاد بیگم, IAST: ''Śamśād Bēgam''; 14 April 1919 – 23 April 2013)<ref name="indiapost">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianmelody.com/shamshadarticle1.htm |title=Shamshad Begum, The Legendary Singer |website=[[India Post]] |date=August 1998|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517080103/http://www.indianmelody.com/shamshadarticle1.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-24/india/38789285_1_shamshad-begum-playback-april-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426234156/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-24/india/38789285_1_shamshad-begum-playback-april-14 |url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Shamshad Begum dies at 94|access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="bbc2">{{cite news |date=24 April 2013|title=India singing legend Shamshad Begum dies|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22275484 |url-status=dead|access-date=23 January 2025|newspaper=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125111645/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22275484|archive-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> was an Indian singer who was one of the first playback singers in the [[Hindi film industry]].
Begum is regarded as one of the best and most popular female playback singers, and a pioneering figure in Hindi film music and was also one of the most influential playback singers during the "Golden Age" of Bollywood (1940s–1960s).<ref name="TOI_Obit">{{cite news |title=Playback singer Shamshad Begum passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/playback-singer-shamshad-begum-passes-away/articleshow/19714910.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Notable for her distinctive voice and range, she sang over 6,000 songs in [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] languages, among which 1287 were Hindi film songs.<ref name=OneIndia/>
She worked with renowned composers of the time, such as [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] who first discovered her.<ref name=Upperstall>{{cite web|url=https://upperstall.com/features/musical-memories-shamshad-begum/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2024|title=Musical Memories: Shamshad Begum|website=Upperstall.com website|access-date=21 January 2025|date=14 April 2015
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418041635/https://upperstall.com/features/musical-memories-shamshad-begum/ }}</ref> She also worked with [[Naushad Ali]] and [[O. P. Nayyar]], for whom she was one of their favorites. Her songs from the 1940s to the early 1970s remain popular and continue to be [[remixed]].<ref name=Upperstall/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who was Shamshad Begum? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/who-was-shamshad-begum-159822-2013-04-24 |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625163650/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/who-was-shamshad-begum-159822-2013-04-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
* [[Padma Bhushan]] Award (2009)<ref name=Variety>{{cite journal|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/global/hindi-thrush-shamshad-begum-dies-1200411921/|author=Shalini Dore|title=Hindi Singer Shamshad Begum Dead at 94 – She was one of the earliest to sing for Bollywood actresses|date=24 April 2013|archive-date=28 September 2021|access-date=23 January 2025|url-status=dead|journal=Variety Entertainment Magazine (U.S.)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928033057/https://variety.com/2013/film/global/hindi-thrush-shamshad-begum-dies-1200411921/}}</ref>
* O. P. Nayyar Award (2009)<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |title=O P Nayyar award for Shamshad Begum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/O-P-Nayyar-award-for-Shamshad-Begum/articleshow/4027818.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924042935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-25/pune/27999060_1_cash-award-award-presentation-cash-prize |url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Shamshad Begum was born in [[Lahore]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Pakistan]]) on 14 April 1919.<ref name=Tribune>{{cite news|url= http://tribune.com.pk/story/543922/shamshad-begum-was-born-in-lahore-not-amritsar-daughter/|title= Shamshad Begum was born in Lahore, not Amritsar: Daughter|newspaper=The Express Tribune newspaper|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date= 6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106134015/https://tribune.com.pk/story/543922/shamshad-begum-was-born-in-lahore-not-amritsar-daughter/|author=IANS|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=BiharTimes/> the day after the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] took place in nearby [[Amritsar]]. Though many records originally listed her birthplace as [[Amritsar]], her daughter, Usha Ratra, clarified in a 2013 interview that Begum was born in [[Lahore]] into a conservative Punjabi Muslim family, noting that her father worked as a mechanic (''mistry'').<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news |title=Shamshad Begum was born in Lahore, not Amritsar: Daughter |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shamshad-begum-was-born-in-lahore-not-amritsar-daughter-611817 |work=NDTV |date=3 May 2013}}</ref> She was one of eight children, five sons and three daughters, born to a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Punjabi Muslim]] family of limited means. Her father, Mian Hussain Baksh, worked as a mechanic and her mother, Ghulam Fatima, was a pious lady of conservative disposition, a devoted wife and mother who raised her children with traditional family values.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2013/05/03/111--Shamshad-Begum-was-born-in-Lahore-not-Amritsar-Daughter-Interview-.html|title=Shamshad Begum was born in Lahore, not Amritsar: Daughter (Interview)|website=Newstrackindia.com|date=2013-05-03|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171556/https://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2013/05/03/111--Shamshad-Begum-was-born-in-Lahore-not-Amritsar-Daughter-Interview-.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite family objections, Shamshad Begum started singing at weddings and social events at the age of 12. During her initial recordings, her father insisted that she wear a [[burqa]] and not be photographed.<ref name=Variety/><ref name=BiharTimes/>

In 1932, the teenage Shamshad came in contact with Ganpat Lal Batto,<ref name=Variety/> a [[Hindu]] law student who lived in the same neighbourhood and who was several years older than her. In those days, marriages were performed while the bride and groom were very young, and Shamshad's parents were already looking out for a suitable partner for her. Their efforts were on the verge of bearing fruit in 1934, when Ganpat Lal Batto and Shamshad made the decision to marry each other. In 1934, despite strenuous opposition from both their families due to religious differences, 15-year-old Shamshad married Ganpat Lal Batto.<ref name=Variety/><ref name=OneIndia/> The couple had but one child, a daughter named Usha Ratra, who in due course married a Hindu gentleman, [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Yogesh Ratra, an officer in the [[Indian Army]].<ref name=Upperstall/><ref name=BiharTimes/>

Ganpat Lal Batto died in a road accident in 1955. His death left Shamshad deeply upset, as he had been the focus of her life and they were extremely devoted to each other. He had managed many aspects of her career and contracts, significantly boosting her professional development. Following his death, Shamshad became listless and lost the will to pursue her career, which subsequently declined sharply. Indeed, while Shamshad Begum was an outstanding and famous singer, she was always a wife and mother first — someone who instinctively prioritised her family over her career. She preferred to keep away from the public eye and business dealings, believing it improper for a woman to be involved in such matters.<ref name=Tribune/>

After her husband's death, Shamshad Begum began living with her daughter and son-in-law in [[Mumbai]], first in south Mumbai and later at [[Hiranandani Gardens]].<ref name=BiharTimes/><ref name="milligazette">{{cite news|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Nov04-Print-Edition/011511200437.htm|title=Newsmakers – Shamshad Begum|website=The Milli Gazette newspaper|date=15 November 2004|access-date=21 January 2025|archive-date=18 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318162714/http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Nov04-Print-Edition/011511200437.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetpowai.com/SHAMSHAD%20BEGUM.htm | title= Shamshad Begum Profile – Interview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023837/http://www.planetpowai.com/SHAMSHAD%20BEGUM.htm |archive-date=6 January 2009|website=Planetpowai.com website|access-date=23 January 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> She gradually became a recluse and devoted herself entirely to her grandchildren, to the point that the general public was unaware of whether she was alive or dead. In 2004, a controversy erupted in the media, when several publications wrongly reported that Shamshad Begum had died a few years previously. Shamshad's family clarified in a press release that this was not so.<ref name="milligazette" /> Her self-imposed seclusion is remarkable, because during all those decades away from the public eye, her old songs remained popular with the public and were often played on [[Vividh Bharati]] and [[All India Radio]].

==Career==
===1924–40===
Begum's talent was first spotted by her principal when she was in primary school in 1924. Impressed by the quality of her voice, she was made head singer of classroom prayer. At 10, she started singing folk-based songs at religious functions and family marriages. She received no formal musical training. Her singing ambitions, which she held from 1929, met with opposition from her family. In 1931, when she was twelve, her uncle, who enjoyed [[qawwali]]s and [[ghazal]]s, secretly took her to Jenophone (or Xenophone) Music Company for an audition with Lahore-based musician and composer, [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]. Begum said in an interview, "I sang Bahadur Shah Zafar's (the poet-ruler) ghazal ''Mera yaar mujhe mile agar''." An impressed Haider gave her a contract for twelve songs, with the same facilities provided to top singers. It was Begum's paternal uncle Aamir Khan<Tribune/> who convinced her father, Miyan Hussain Baksh, to allow her to sing. When she won a contract with a recording company, her father agreed to let her sing on the condition that she would record in a [[burqa|burka]] and not allow herself to be photographed.<ref name=OneIndia>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2013/04/24/legendray-playback-singer-shamsad-begum-passes-away-1201183.html|title=Legendary playback singer Shamsad Begum passes away|website=Oneindia News|date=24 April 2013|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021132814/http://news.oneindia.in/2013/04/24/legendray-playback-singer-shamsad-begum-passes-away-1201183.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She earned 15 [[rupee]]s per song and was awarded 5,000 on the completion of the contract on Xenophone. Xenophone was a renowned music recording company, patronised by the rich, and her popularity grew in elite circles in the early 1930s. Though she had won the Xenophone audition without having any formal music training, Hussain Bakshwale Sahab and later Ghulam Haider improved her singing skills between 1937 and 1939.<ref name=Upperstall/>

Her popular breakthrough came when she began singing on [[All India Radio]] (AIR) in Peshawar and Lahore from 1937.<ref name=Variety/> Producer Dalsukh Pancholi wanted her to act as well in a film he was producing. Begum readily agreed, gave a screen test and was selected. Her father became angry, when he found out and warned her that she would not be allowed to sing if she continued to harbour a desire to act. Begum promised her father that she would never appear before the camera. She continued to sing songs on the radio. She never posed for photographs, and few people saw her pictures between 1933 and the 1970s.

Shamshad Begum sang for AIR through her musical group 'The Crown Imperial Theatrical Company of Performing Arts', set up in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/shamshad-begum-a-song-in-her-heart-358188 |title=Shamshad Begum: A song in her heart |website=NDTV.com |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516094822/http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/shamshad-begum-a-song-in-her-heart-358188 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The then ''AIR Lahore'' helped her to enter the world of movies as they frequently broadcast her songs, which induced music directors to use her voice for their films. Begum also recorded ''[[naat]]s'' and other devotional music for a couple of gramophone recording companies. Her crystal-clear voice caught the attention of ''[[sarangi]]'' maestro Hussain Bakshwale Saheb, who took her as his disciple.<ref name=Variety/>

===1941–45===
Film director [[Mehboob Khan]] brought Shamshad Begum to Mumbai after telling her husband 'I will take her to Mumbai and give her a flat, car, conveyance and even if four to six people accompany her, it's fine. Please let her come to Mumbai'.<ref name=BiharTimes>{{cite news|url=http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2013/May/newsbihar03May5.html|title=Shamshad Begum was born in Lahore, not Amritsar: Daughter (Interview)|website=Bihar Times newspaper|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185234/http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2013/May/newsbihar03May5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her father was not convinced at first but later gave in as Shamshad wanted to come to Mumbai. Haider used her voice skilfully in some of his earlier films such as ''[[Khazanchi (1941 film)|Khazanchi]]'' (1941) and ''[[Khandan (1942 film)|Khandan]]'' (1942). By 1940, Begum was already well established on the radio. The songs "Cheechi Wich Pa ke Chhalla", "Mera Haal Vekh Ke" and "Kankaan Diyaan Faslaan" from ''Yamla Jatt'' of 1940 became a huge hit and popularised [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], singer Begum and composer Haider. Haider continued to compose hit songs which Begum sang for films including ''Zamindar'', ''[[Poonji]]'' and ''Shama''. Khan used Begum's voice in ''[[Taqdeer (1943 film)|Taqdeer]]'' (1943), where he introduced [[Nargis]] as the heroine. Begum was soon singing for other composers including Rafiq Ghaznavi, Ameer Ali, Pt. Gobindram, Pt. Amarnath, Bulo C. Rani, Rashid Atre and M. A. Mukhtar, in the pre-independence era.

When Haider moved to [[Bombay]] in 1944, Begum went with him as a member of his team, leaving behind her family and staying with her ''Chacha'' (paternal uncle) Aamir Khan who used to encourage her in her singing career.<ref name=BiharTimes/> After partition, Haider migrated to Pakistan but Begum remained in Mumbai.<ref name=Variety/> She had no known Pakistani connection post 1947. Begum became a national star between the early 1940s and the early 1960s, having a voice different from her peers such as [[Noor Jehan|Noorjehan]] (also discovered by Haider), [[Mubarak Begum]], [[Suraiya]], [[Sudha Malhotra]], [[Geeta Dutt]] and [[Amirbai Karnataki]]. Her peak period in the Hindi film industry was from 1940 to 1955.<ref name=Upperstall/>

===1946–55===
Begum sang extensively for composers including [[Naushad Ali]], [[O. P. Nayyar]], [[C. Ramchandra]] and [[S. D. Burman]] from 1946 to 1960. Naushad acknowledged in an interview that he was indebted to Begum in reaching the top, as she was famous before he became known in the late 1940s; after his tracks sung by her became highly popular, his talent was recognised. It was Begum's solo and duet songs sung for Naushad in the late 1940s and early 1950s which made Naushad famous. After Naushad became successful he recorded songs with new singers as well in the early 1950s, but kept working with Shamshad in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Naushad chose his favourite singer Begum once again to sing four out of the twelve songs in ''[[Mother India]]''.<ref name=Cineplot2>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/music/naushad-shamshad/|url-status=dead|title=Shamshad Begum – Naushad Collaboration|date=17 July 2010|website=Cineplot.com website|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=22 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514062302/http://cineplot.com/music/naushad-shamshad/}}</ref>

Begum is credited with singing one of the first Westernised songs, "Meri jaan...Sunday ke Sunday" by C. Ramchandra. She kept getting more offers to sing songs and was the highest paid female singer from 1940 to 1955 and again post Mother India in 1957 to 1964. In 1949, music directors S. Rajeswara Rao, M. D. Parthasarathy and Balakrishna Kalla asked her to sing "Jaiyo Jaiyo Shipayon Bazar" for [[P. Bhanumathi]] in the film ''Nishan'', produced by Gemini Films of Madras, which became highly popular.

Although Burman started composing Bengali music in 1937, he achieved national fame with tracks sung by Begum in Hindi films. Burman was not well established as a music director in Hindi films until 1946; he then asked Begum to sing in his debut Hindi film as music director, ''Shikari'' (1946), with the song, "Kuch Rang Badal Rahi". In 1949, came ''[[Shabnam (1949 film)|Shabnam]]'', in which Burman asked her to sing duets named "Pyar Main Tumne" and "Kismat Bhi Bhichadna" with [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]], which became popular. ''Shabnam'' was Burman's biggest hit to that date with [[Filmistan]], and was especially noticeable for its multilingual song "Yeh Duniya Roop ki Chor", sung by Begum and acted by [[Kamini Kaushal]], which became another hit.<ref name=Upperstall3>{{cite web|url=http://www.upperstall.com/people/sd-burman |title=SD Burman profile|website=Upperstall.com website|date=31 October 2005 |access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613020752/http://www.upperstall.com/people/sd-burman |url-status=dead|author=Karan Bali}}</ref> Burman subsequently asked her to sing tracks in ''Bazar'', ''Mashaal'', ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'', ''Shahenshah'', ''Miss India'', and other films. The song "Jaam Tham Le" from ''Shahenshah'' was a trendsetter for Burman compositions.<ref name=Upperstall3/>

Begum had met Nayyar during her radio stint in Lahore, when he worked as an office boy delivering cakes for the lead singers. In 1954, when Nayyar got a break as a composer, he approached Begum to record songs for ''Mangu''. Nayyar described her voice as resembling a "temple bell" for its clarity of [[Timbre|tone]]. He worked with her until the late 1960s and gave her many hit songs, including "Ab To Jee Hone Laga" from ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'', "Main Jaan Gayi Tujhe" from ''[[Howrah Bridge]]'', "Zara Pyar Karle" from ''Mangu'', "Saiyan Teri Ankhon Mein" from ''12' O Clock'', "Thodasa Dil Lagana" from ''[[Musafirkhana]]'', and many others.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Several of her songs from this period remain extremely popular, including those acted by [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], such as "Teri Mehfil Mein" from ''[[Mughal E Azam]]'' and ''Mere Piya Gaye Rangoon'' from ''[[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]'' (1949), as well as "Saiyan Dil Mein Aana Re", acted by [[Vyjayanthimala]], and "Boojh Mera Naam Re", acted by [[Minoo Mumtaz]]. ''Milte Hi Aankhen Dil Hua Deewana Kisi Ka'' from ''[[Babul (1950 film)|Babul]]'' (1950) had a romantic duet with [[Talat Mahmood]], acted by [[Dilip Kumar]] and [[Munawar Sultana]], which also became popular. Her duet with [[Mohammed Rafi|Rafi]], "Chhala Deja Nishani" from ''Bazar'' became a mega-hit.<ref name=Variety/>

In the late 1940s, [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]] sang as chorus boys for her songs at the Filmistan Studio. Begum promised at this time that she would sing songs composed by Mohan once he started his career as a music director and would accept a lower fee. She also predicted that Kumar would become a great playback singer. She later recorded duets with Kumar, including "Gori ke Nainon Mein Nindiya Bhari" from ''[[Angarey]]'' and "Meri Neendon Me Tum" from ''[[Naya Andaz]]''.<ref name=Variety/>

===1955–76===
Shamshad was at the peak of her career right from 1941 to 1955 and was the most in demand female singer and highest paid female playback singer from 1940 to 1955. She was the lead singer for many films like ''[[Taqdeer (1943 film)|Taqdeer]]'', ''[[Humayun (film)|Humayun]]'', ''[[Shahjehan]]'', ''[[Anokhi Ada (1948 film)|Anokhi Ada]]'', ''[[Aag (1948 film)|Aag]]'', ''[[Mela (1948 film)|Mela]]'', ''[[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]'', ''[[Babul (1950 film)|Babul]]'', ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'', ''[[Jadoo (1951 film)|Jadoo]]'', ''[[Aan]]'' and more. But after her husband's accidental death in 1955, Begum became a recluse and stopped accepting singing assignments, including recordings, for a year. Though she had stopped recording for her songs in the year 1955 after her husband's death, the songs released between 1955 and early 1957 including songs from films such as ''[[C.I.D. (1956 film)|CID]]'', ''[[Naya Andaz]]'', ''Baradari'', ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'' and other hits continued to be popular. At this juncture, [[Mehboob Khan]] approached her in 1957 and said he wanted a full-throated voice for Nargis in ''[[Mother India]]''. The first song she sang after returning to her career was "Pee Ke Ghar Aaj Pyari Dulhaniya Chali" for ''[[Mother India]]''. She made a successful comeback, and subsequently recorded many notable songs for films such as ''Howrah Bridge'', ''[[Jaali Note]]'', ''[[Love in Simla]]'', ''[[Bewaqoof]]'', ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'', ''[[Bluff Master (1963 film)|Bluff Master]]'', ''[[Gharana]]'' and ''Rustom-E-Hind''.<ref name=Variety/>

The well-known later playback singer, [[Lata Mangeshkar]], started singing when Begum was at the peak of her career, with Begum's break after her husband's death boosting Mangeshkar's career and helping her get offers for high-quality songs. In the early careers of Mangeshkar, as well as her younger sister, [[Asha Bhosle]], between 1944 and 1956, they had often been asked by producers and music directors to imitate Begum's style of singing, because producers could not afford Begum's fees. In their first song together, Mangeshkar was a part of the chorus while Begum was the main singer. Many of the songs sung by Lata like "''Ayega Ayega''" were sung in Shamshad Begum's style. Even Asha Bhosle's songs like her first duet with Kishore – "''Aati Hai Yaad Humko''" from the 1948 film ''Muqaddar'' bear direct resemblance to Shamshad Begum's style. From 1949 to 1960, beginning with the song "Dar Na Mohabbat Karle" from ''[[Andaz (1949 film)|Andaz]]'', Mangeshkar and Begum have sung many duets together, with the most famous being "Pyar Ke Jahan Ki" from the 1949 film ''[[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]'', "Bachpan Ke Din" from 1951's ''[[Deedar (1951 film)|Deedar]]''; their last song together was ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]''{{'}}s song "Teri Mehfil Mein Qismat" in 1960,Begum sang songs together with Mangeshkar and Bhosle, including "Mubarak Ho Woh Dil Jisko" from ''[[Benazir (1964 film)|Benazir]]''.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/14dinesh.htm|title= Movies: Classics Revisited: Andaz|website= Rediff.com|access-date= 6 November 2018|archive-date= 25 September 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180925160312/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/14dinesh.htm|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-lata-mangeshkar-remember-legendary-singer-shamshad-begum/1107025/|title=Amitabh Bachchan, Lata Mangeshkar remember legendary singer Shamshad Begum|work=The Indian Express|date=24 April 2013|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-date=27 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527152504/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-lata-mangeshkar-remember-legendary-singer-shamshad-begum/1107025|url-status=live}}</ref> It was between 1958 and 1963 that the career of Lata got a major boost as music directors started gradually preferring her soft voice. Until then, Geeta Dutt and Begum were the most preferred singers, but Shamshad Begum continued to be at the top from 1940 until 1963.
From 1965, her songs started to be mimed by actresses other than the lead. Beginning in 1965, songs for her in films started getting reduced but the songs she sang instantly became hits through 1968. She then declared a self-imposed retirement in 1965. But she kept having certain composers asking her to sing songs in few films and among them her songs from films like in ''[[Daku Mangal Singh]]'', ''[[Upkar]]'', ''[[Kismat (1968 film)|Kismat]]'', ''[[Heer Ranjha]]'', ''[[Johar Mehmood in Hong Kong]]'', ''[[Teri Meri Ik Jindri]]'' and ''Main Papi Tum Bakhshanhaar''. Her song "Kajra Mohabbat Wala" from the 1968 film ''Kismat'' and "Nathaniya Hale To Bada Maza" from the 1971 film ''Johar Mehmood in Hong Kong'' remains popular.

==Retirement and death==
From the late 1980s, Begum started giving occasional interviews. In one of her interviews with Filmfare magazine in 2012, Begum disclosed, "The more hits I gave, the less work I got. When I helped new composers I never told them to give me all their songs to sing. I believed only God could give, not them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/remembering-shamshad-begum-2948.html|author=Farhana Farook|title=Remembering Shamshad Begum|website=Filmfare.com|date=24 April 2013|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171542/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/remembering-shamshad-begum-2948.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her final interview was in 2012. In 2009, she was conferred with the prestigious O. P. Nayyar Award for her contribution to Hindi film music.<ref name="The Times of India"/> Begum requested that the cash prize of ₹25,000 be donated to charity. The foundation subsequently directed the funds, along with additional sponsorships, to the Eklavya Child Education and Health Foundation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shamshad Begum back in the spotlight |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/shamshad-begum-back-in-the-spotlight/story-vAAnSka0jC6iFq7D0E6UfL.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 January 2009}}</ref>

She was also conferred the [[Padma Bhushan]] (India's third highest civilian award) in 2009.<ref name=Variety/> Later, her daughter Usha said in an interview, "Because of the politics in the industry, she didn't want to work any more. This is one of the reasons why she wouldn't let me be a singer. I told her, let me sing for my self-satisfaction, but she said if you learn to sing, you will directly enter the industry. So, she wouldn't let me do so."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/singer-shamshad-begum-passes-away-113042400504_1.html|title=Singer Shamshad Begum passes away|work=Business Standard News|date=24 April 2013|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=21 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821175459/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/singer-shamshad-begum-passes-away-113042400504_1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Begum died at her Mumbai residence on the night of 23 April 2013 after a prolonged illness. She was 94.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shamshad-Begum-dies-at-94/articleshow/19706290.cms|title=Shamshad Begum dies at 94|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=24 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424083407/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shamshad-Begum-dies-at-94/articleshow/19706290.cms |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Her funeral was held the following morning in [[Andheri]] East; it was a private ceremony attended by close family members and a few friends, reflecting her lifelong preference for a low-key personal life.<ref>{{cite news |title=Legendary singer Shamshad Begum dies at 94 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/legendary-singer-shamshad-begum-dies-at-94/articleshow/19714850.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Despite her Muslim heritage, she had requested that her last rites be performed according to Hindu customs, following her marriage to Ganpat Lal Batto, and she was subsequently cremated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shamshad Begum 100th birth anniversary |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/193313 |website=The Daily Observer |date=14 April 2019}}</ref> She was cremated in a small, dignified ceremony.<ref name="yahoo news">{{cite news|url= http://sg.news.yahoo.com/manmohan-singh-condoles-passing-away-shamshad-begum-shamshad-130626551.html|title= Manmohan Singh condoles passing away of Shamshad Begum|work= Yahoo News|date= 24 April 2013|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date= 6 November 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171626/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/manmohan-singh-condoles-passing-away-shamshad-begum-shamshad-130626551.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Information and Broadcasting minister, Manish Tewari said, "The film industry has lost one of its most versatile singers. Shamshadji's style of singing set new benchmarks. Her melodious voice with powerful lyrics gave us songs that have remained popular even today."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1826427/report-shamshad-begum-s-singing-style-had-set-new-benchmarks-manish-tewari|title=Shamshad Begum's singing style had set new benchmarks|first=Manish|last=Tewari|website=Daily News and Analysis|date=24 April 2013|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-date=9 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509185108/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1826427/report-shamshad-begum-s-singing-style-had-set-new-benchmarks-manish-tewari|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] said, "She was an artist of extraordinary talent and abilities, and the songs she has left behind in her long career, which she started with AIR in 1937, will continue to enthral music lovers."<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630011636/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/shamshad-begum-had-extraordinary-talent-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-358400|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/shamshad-begum-had-extraordinary-talent-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-358400|title= Shamshad Begum had extraordinary talent: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh |website= NDTV.com|archive-date=2013-06-30|access-date=23 January 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Her death was also mourned by the highest echelons of the Indian film industry. Megastar [[Amitabh Bachchan]] paid tribute via social media, stating, "The golden voice of Shamshad Begum, playback singer of great eminence in some of the most historic film songs... now silent. RIP."<ref name="HT_Obit">{{cite news |title=Legendary singer Shamshad Begum dies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/legendary-singer-shamshad-begum-dies/story-6MtGUllJtDOLbmzjWs7lBI.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 April 2013}}</ref> [[Lata Mangeshkar]], who began her career when Begum was the industry's leading voice and later recorded numerous duets with her, expressed deep personal sadness. Mangeshkar tweeted, "I was very sad to hear the news of her demise. I had worked with her in several films; she was a very nice, cheerful, and simple human being."<ref name="IndiaToday_Tribute">{{cite news |title=Lata, Big B condole death of 'golden voice' Shamshad Begum |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/music/story/lata-big-b-golden-voice-shamshad-begum-159873-2013-04-23 |work=India Today |date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Film historian Raju Bharatan noted that despite the industry gossip of rivalry during the 1950s, the two shared a "melodious partnership," most notably in their final collaboration, "Teri Mehfil Mein Qismat Azmakar" from ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960).<ref name="IE_Fraternity">{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Lata Mangeshkar remember legendary singer Shamshad Begum |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/amitabh-bachchan-lata-mangeshkar-remember-legendary-singer-shamshad-begum/ |work=The Indian Express |date=24 April 2013}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Shamshad Begum 2016 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Begum on a 2016 stamp of India]] <ref name="PIB_Stamp">{{cite web |title=Commemorative Stamps on Legendary Singers of India Released |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=156032 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=30 December 2016 |access-date=2026-01-23}}</ref>
In 2016, [[India Post]] honored Begum's foundational contributions to Indian music by issuing a commemorative postage stamp featuring her portrait. She was included in the "Legendary Singers of India" series, which also recognized artists such as [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Kishore Kumar]], and [[Geeta Dutt]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary Singers of India (Set of 10 Stamps) |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/List_of_postage_stamps_of_India_(2016%E2%80%932020) |website=Bharatpedia |publisher=India Post |date=30 December 2016}}</ref>

Begum's death coincided with the centenary celebrations of Indian cinema in 2013, leading to her inclusion in nationwide tributes that underscored her status as one of the industry's earliest playback icons. In addition to radio specials and musical concerts replaying her hits, her 100th birth centenary in 2019 was marked by numerous retrospectives celebrating her repertoire of over 1,600 songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parwaz-E-Niswan: Shamshad Begum Episode-13 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC0fDNLU5uQ |website=YouTube |publisher=DD Urdu |date=15 January 2024}}</ref>

Her duet with [[Lata Mangeshkar]], "Teri Mehfil Mein Qismat Azmakar" from [[K. Asif]]'s ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960), has seen a resurgence in popularity through social media platforms such as [[YouTube]] and [[Instagram]] from late 2023. This digital trend has introduced her vocal style to younger generations, often through remixes and viral short-form videos.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bahl |first=Sanza |title=How Mughal-e-Azam's songs found a new life on Instagram Reels |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-mughal-e-azams-songs-found-a-new-life-on-instagram-reels/article66687431.ece |work=The Hindu |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>

Her career milestones were further documented in the 2024 [[Doordarshan Urdu]] series [[''Parwaz-e-Niswan'']], which profiled her as a foundational figure in [[Music of South Asia|South Asian music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parwaz-E-Niswan: Shamshad Begum Episode-13 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC0fDNLU5uQ |website=YouTube |publisher=DD Urdu |date=15 January 2024}}</ref>

While her voice remains widely recognized in popular culture, contemporary audiences often engage with her music without being familiar with her biographical identity.

Her daughter Usha Ratra said, "She kept herself away from glamour of the industry despite being one of the top singers of her era as she did not like the limelight. My mother used to say that artistes never die. She wanted to be remembered for her songs."<ref name="bbc2"/>

==Selected songs==

* ''Paigham Saba Lai Hai Gulzar-e-Nabi Se, Aaya Hai Bulawa Mujhay Darbar-e-Nabi Se'' – Shamshad Begum's debut as a playback singer from [[Radio Pakistan|Radio Lahore]], [[British India]] by her mentor, music director [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] with this [[Na'at]] song in 1937<ref name=Variety/>
* "Leke Pehla Pehla Pyar", "Kahin Pe Nigahein Kahin Pe Nishana", "Boojh Mera Kya Naam Re" – [[C.I.D. (1956 film)|C.I.D.]]; (Music: [[O.P. Nayyar]])<ref name=Tribune/>
* ''Savan Ke Nazare Hain'' – [[Khazanchi (1941 film)|Khazanchi]]; (Music: [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]) (her debut film)<ref name=Variety/><ref name=Upperstall/>
*''Hum Dard Ka Afsana'' – [[Dard (1947 film)|Dard]]
* ''Jab Usne Geisu Bikhraye, Badal Aaya Jhoom Ke'' – [[Shahjehan]] (1946) (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot2/>
*''Main Bhawara Tu Hai Phool'' (Duet with [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]) – [[Mela (1948 film)|Mela]]; (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot2/>
*''Chandni Aayi Ban Ke Pyar'' – ''[[Dulari (film)|Dulari]]'' (1949)
* ''Na Bol Pi Pi More Aangna'' – [[Dulari (film)|Dulari]] (1949) – (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot2/>
* ''Milte Hi Aankhen Dil Hua Deewana Kisi Ka''- (Duet with [[Talat Mehmood]]) – [[Babul (1950 film)|Babul]] (1950); (Music: [[Naushad Ali]])<ref name=Cineplot2/>
* ''Chali Chali Kaisi Yeh Hawa Yeh'', (Duet with [[Usha Mangeshkar]]) –
* ''[[Bluff Master (1963 film)|Bluffmaster]]'' (1965); (Music: [[Kalyanji Anandji]])
* ''Kabhi Aar Kabhi Paar Laga Teer-e-Nazar'', (''[[Aar Paar]]'' 1954), (music: O.P. Nayyar)<ref name=Upperstall/>
* ''O Gaadiwale'' – ''Mother India'' 1957; (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Upperstall/><ref name=Cineplot2/><ref name=Variety/>
* "Ye duniya roop ki chor" – ''Shabnam'' 1949; (Music: S.D.Burman)
* ''Mere Piya Gaye Rangoon'' – ''[[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]'' (1949); (Music [[C. Ramchandra]])<ref name=Variety/><ref name=BiharTimes/>
* "Ek Tera Sahara" – ''Shama'' 1946; (Music: Master Ghulam Haider)
* "Holi Aayee Re Kanhaai" – ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957); (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Upperstall/>
* "Haaye Ni Mera Baalam Haai Bara Zalim" and "Teri kanak di rakhi"-''[[Do Lachhian]]'' (1960) Punjabi Movie
* "Naina Bhar Aye Neer" – [[Humayun (film)|Humayun (1945)]]; (Music: Master Ghulam Haider)
* "Nazar Phero Na Humse" – (Duet with G M Durani) – ''Deedar'' (1951); (Music: Naushad)
* ''Mohabbat Choomay Jinke Haath, Jawani Paaon Pare Din Raat'' – [[Aan]] (1952 film); (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot/>
* ''Chod Babul Ka Ghar'' – ''Babul'' 1950; (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot2/><ref name=Variety/><ref name=BiharTimes/><ref name=Tribune/>
* ''Badi Mushkil Se Dil Ki Beqarari Ko Qarar Aaya'' – Naghma 1953; (Music: [[Nashad]] (not to be confused with [[Naushad]]); (Lyrics: Shaukat Dehlavi)<ref name=Cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/music/shamshad-begums-song-list-1951-1955/|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 June 2011|access-date=22 January 2025|title=Shamshad Begum's Song List (1951–1955)|website=Cineplot.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621224443/http://cineplot.com/music/shamshad-begums-song-list-1951-1955/}}</ref>
* "Kajra Mohabbatwala Ankhiyon Mein Aisa Dala" (Duet with [[Asha Bhosle]]) – ''Kismat'' (1968); (Music: [[O.P. Nayyar]])<ref name=BiharTimes/>
* "Meri Neendon Main Tum" (Duet with [[Kishore Kumar]]) – ''Naya Andaz'' 1956; (Music: O.P.Nayyar)
* ''Teri Mehfil Mein Qismat Aazma Kar Hum Bhi Deikhain Gaen'' (Duet with [[Lata Mangeshkar]]) – [[Mughal-E-Azam]] 1960; (Music:Naushad)<ref name=BiharTimes/>
*"Pyar Ke Jahan Ki Nirali" (Duet with [[Lata Mangeshkar]]) – [[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]; (Music: C. Ramchandra)
* ''Saiyan Dil Mein Aana Re'' – ''Bahar'' 1951; (Music: S.D.Burman)<ref name=Cineplot/><ref name=BiharTimes/><ref name=Tribune/><ref name=OneIndia/>
* "Reshmi Salwar Kurta Jaali Da" – ''Naya Daur'' 1957; (Music: O.P.Nayyar)
* "Kisike Dil Mein Rehna Tha" – ''Babul'' 1950 – with Lata; (Music:Naushad)
* ''Dharti Ko Aakash Pukare'' – [[Mela (1948 film)|Mela]] (1948) – with Mukesh; (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot2/>
* ''Ek Do Teen Aaja Mausam Hai Rangeen'' – [[Awaara|Awaara (1951)]]; (Music: [[Shankar-Jaikishen]])<ref name=Cineplot/>
* "Dil eechak beechak gurr" – "Bawre Nain" 1950 – (Music:Roshan)
* ''Chali Pee Ke Nagar, Abb Kaahe Ka Darr'' – [[Mirza Ghalib (film)|Mirza Ghalib]] (1954)<ref name=Cineplot/>
* ''Chhodo Chhodo Ji Baiyyan Mori, Mein Naazuk Chhori'' – Bara Dari (1955) – (Music: [[Nashad]])<ref name=Cineplot/>
* ''Sandook Mein Bandook Hai, Bandook Mein Goli'' – ''Hoor-e-Arab'' (1955) – (Music: [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammed]]<ref name=Cineplot/>
* ''Door Koi Gaye, Dhunn Yeh Sunaaey'' – "[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra (1952)]], (Music: Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot/><ref name=Cineplot2/>
* "Chaman Mein Reheke Veerana Mera Dil Hota Jaata Hai" – "Deedar" 1951 – (Music :Naushad)<ref name=Cineplot/><ref name=Cineplot2/><ref name=Tribune/>
* "Rahe haath men haath" - "Tarang" (in duet with [[Chitragupta]]) 1952 - (Music : Chitragupta)<ref name=Cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/music/shamshad-begums-song-list-1951-1955/|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 June 2011|access-date=22 January 2025|title=Shamshad Begum's Song List (1951–1955)|website=Cineplot.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621224443/http://cineplot.com/music/shamshad-begums-song-list-1951-1955/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shamshad Begum}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100716014859/http://cineplot.com/music/legends-shamshad-begum/ Legends – Shamshad Begum: Her profile, Interview, complete list of her songs and her work with Music Directors and Co-Singers] Cineplot.com website (Archived)
*{{IMDb name|id=0066833|name=Shamshad Begum}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023837/http://www.planetpowai.com/SHAMSHAD%20BEGUM.htm PLANET POWAI website – Shamshad Begum profile (Archived)]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Shamshad}}
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Rana Sanga

2026-03-06T21:22:21Z

AryaShah: typo fix

{{Short description|Maharana of Mewar from 1509 to 1528}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Sangram Singh I
| title = Maharana Hindupati
| alt = See caption
| image = Photo of Rana Sanga from Udaipur Museum (From my Camera).jpg
| caption = Painting of Rana Sanga in the Udaipur Museum
| succession = [[Rana of Mewar]]
| reign = 24 May 1509 – {{Nowrap|30 January 1528}}
| coronation = 24 May 1509{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=12-13}}
| predecessor = [[Raimal Singh]]
| successor = [[Ratan Singh II]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1482|04|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chittor]], [[Mewar]], [[Rajputana]] (present-day [[Rajasthan]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1528|01|30|1482|04|12|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Kalpi]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| spouse = [[Rani Karnavati]]
| issue = {{Unbulleted list|
| [[Bhoj Raj]]
| [[Ratan Singh II|Ratan Singh]]
| [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya]]
| [[Udai Singh II]]
}}
| full name = Sangram Singh
| era dates = [[15th century|15th]] and [[16th century|16th centuries]]
| regnal name = Maharana Sangram Singh
| house = [[Sisodia dynasty]]
| father = [[Rana Raimal]]
| mother = Rani Ratan Jhali
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
{{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance =
| branch =
| rank =
| battles = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}
* [[Mewar-Malwa Conflict]]s
** [[Battle of Gagron|Gagron (1519)]]
* Mewar-Gujarat Conflicts
** [[Battles of Idar|Idar (1514–17)]]
** [[Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat|Gujarat (1520)]]
** [[Siege of Mandsaur|Mandsaur (1521)]]
* [[List of Mewar (Sisodiya)–Delhi conflicts|Mewar-Delhi Conflicts]]
** Khatoli (1517)
** [[Battle of Dholpur|Dholpur (1519)]]
** Ibrahim Lodi's invasion of Ranthambore (1521)
* [[Mughal–Rajput wars]]
** [[Battle of Bayana|Bayana (1527)]]
** [[Battle of Khanwa|Khanwa (1527)]]{{WIA}}

{{tree list/end}}
}}
}}
}}

'''Sangram Singh I''' ({{IPA|mtr|səŋɡɾaːm sɪ̃ɳ}}; 12 April 1482 – 30 January 1528), most commonly known as '''Rana Sanga''', was the [[List of ranas of Mewar|Maharana of Mewar]] from 24 May 1509 until his death in 1528. A member of the Sisodia dynasty, he controlled parts of present-day [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Sindh]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]] from his capital at [[Chittorgarh]].{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=18}}

During his military career, Sanga was successful against several neighbouring [[sultanates]]. After the 1519 [[Battle of Gagron]] against the [[Malwa Sultanate]], he [[Mewar–Malwa conflicts|captured]] much of [[Malwa|eastern Malwa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7lmnQEACAAJ |title=History of Medieval India: 800-1700 |date=2020 |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |pages=175|isbn=978-93-90122-54-7 }}</ref> He [[Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat|humbled]] the Sultan of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] several times.<ref>{{harvnb|Sharma|1954|p=15}}: "He opened his career with fair prospects of success. From 1514-15 20 A. D. he routed the forces of Sultan of Gujarat, Muzaffar Shah II, from place to place 10 and is said to have gained eighteen pitched battles against the Sultans of Delhi and Malwa. In one of these he was opposed by Ibrahim Lodi in person at Ghatoli, in which the imperial forces were defeated with great slaughter, leaving a prisoner of the blood royal to grace the triumph of Chitor."</ref> Sanga also subjugated the [[Khanzadas of Mewat]], helping them extend their sway over modern-day [[Haryana]]. Among his victories were the [[Delhi-Mewar conflicts#List of Battles|defeats]] of the [[Lodi dynasty]] of [[Delhi]] at Khatoli, Dholpur, and Ranthambore, enabling Sanga to capture much of the Lodi's domain in [[Malwa|southern Malwa]] and [[western Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rooja |first=Hima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0 |pages=451 "Sultan Ibrahim Lodi's bid to annex Ranthambore and Ajmer to the Delhi Sultanate led Rana Sanga to make peace with the sultan of Gujarat...Rana Sanga inflicted a defeat on Ibrahim Lodi when the latter attacked Ranthambore."}}</ref>

At its zenith in 1521, Sanga's empire stretched from [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] (the capital of [[Malwa Sultanate]]) in the south to Peela Khal (Pilya Khal, a small rivulet near [[Bayana]] and [[Agra]]) in the northeast, to the [[Indus River]] in the west and north-west.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rooja |first=Hima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0 |quote= As a consequence of Sanga's exploits, the borders of Mewar by this period extended from near Mandu (the capital of Malwa), in the south to Peela Khal (Pilya Khal), a small rivulet near Bayana and Agra, in the northeast, and deep into the desert country (stretching towards the river Indus) west and north-west of Mewar. }}</ref> Nearly all the Rajput chiefs owed allegiance to him.<ref>{{harvnb|Somani|1976|p=168}}: "In V. 1478, Maharana Sanga’s power was at zenith, Nearly all the Rajputs chiefs according to Amar Kavya Vamshavali®" owed their allegiance to him."</ref> Sanga also marched against the invading forces of [[Babur]], who founded the [[Mughal Empire]]. Despite initial success against Mughal-Afghan forces at the [[Battle of Bayana]], he experienced a significant defeat at [[Battle of Khanwa|Khanwa]] (primarily due to Babur's [[Gunpowder empires|use of gunpowder]], unknown in northern India at the time).<ref>{{cite book|author=Radheyshyam Chaurasia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0123-4|page=161|quote="The battle of Kanwaha was more important in its result even than the first battle of Panipat. While the former made Babur ruler of Delhi alone the later made him King of Hindustan. As a result of his success the Mughal empire was established firmly in India. The sovereignty of India now passed from Rajputs to Mughals"|language=en}}</ref>

Sanga is considered the greatest ruler of his time. Said to have won 18 battles against the [[sultan]]s of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]], [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]], he is renowned for his heroism and leadership. Sanga received more than 80 wounds in battle; he lost an eye and an arm, and one of his legs was crippled. He is considered the last independent Hindu sovereign of [[North India|Northern India]] to control extensive territory.<ref>{{harvnb|Somani|1976|p=176}}: "Sanga was the greatest ruler of his time, He possessed undaunted courage and uncommon power of body, He had successfully measured swords against the Sultans of Malwa, Gujarat and Ibrahim Lodi, The combined forces of Malwa and Gujarat at Mandsaur, could not humble his pride. He was lacking an eye an arm and had crippled by a broken leg. At the same time he was having more than 80 honourable scars on his body. Babar trembled and hesitated to fight with him, He was a great diplomat and extended his shelter to the fugitive and dislodged chiefs. In other words, he was the last Hindu Independent Chief, of northern India, who was possessing extensive boundaries."</ref> His reign was admired by [[Babur]], the first [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] who described him as the "greatest Indian ruler" of that time; Babur also accused him of sending an invitation to invade India, a claim that has not been widely accepted.<ref>{{harvnb|Sharma|1954|pp=21–22}}: "That the above view is not improbable will be clear from the fact that Babur was to embark on an expedition against the ruler of Delhi whose resources in men and money were far superior to those of his own and, therefore, the issue of the proposed contest was in doubt. Under these circumstances it was in Babur’s interest to seek an alliance with greatest and most powerful enemy in India. In the second place Sanga did not at this time stand in need of an alliance with Babur who had yet to establish his reputation in India. Thirdly, the view that Sanga sent an envoy to Kabul goes against the Rajput and, in fact, Hindu habit of sitting on the fence and waiting to see as to which side won before deciding a line of action. Fourthly, unlike his usual practice Babur here gives no details of his alliance though he has elsewhere given the details of his agreements with Alam Khan Lodi and Dolat Khan Lodi .* 7 Fifthly, it will be too much to think that Babur always stated tire whole truth. Close students of Baburnama are aware how sometimes he deliberately gave wrong facts. For example, he stated more than once in positive terms that he had 12,000 men” all told in his fight against Ibrahim Lodi. Modern research”, however, has shown that he had a much larger number at the field of Panipat. And finally, it has to be noted that no other contemporary writer I-Jir.du or Muslim makes mention of Sanga’s sending an ambassador to Kabul. It is a pity that all modern writers 30 have uncritically accepted Babur’s version.
"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Somani|1976|p=169}}: "While in Kabul, he had dispatched emissaries at Chittor to obtain his help in creating a diversion on Ibrahim’s southern frontier."</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rooja |first=Hima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0|quote=In contrast, the traditional Rajput version holds that it was not Sanga — already powerful enough and mainly successful against various enemy states — who had sent an envoy to Babur at Kabul, proposing an alliance against their common foe, Ibrahim Lodi, but rather, it was Babur who sought an ally of undoubted ability and strength for his proposed expedition against the Lodi sultan! Thus, some hold that Rana Sanga agreed to Babur’s proposal, and, using Silhadi, the Tomar (Tanwar) chief of Raesen, as the medium of communication, sent a letter to that effect to Babur. However, Sanga subsequently changed his mind upon the advice of his nobles — which advice — given the nature of the state, and the relation of the ruler as primus inter pares with his clansmen and nobles — could not be lightly ignored by any Rajput ruler or chief. Looking back, it is possible that Sanga had believed that the forces of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi would have indulged in a long and protracted struggle, thereby providing an opportunity to Mewar to take advantage of the situation and expand its own power and territorial sway across northern India. Sanga may also have believed that, if victorious against the Lodis, Babur would eventually return to his estates in Afghanistan, thereby leaving a weakened — or even defunct — Delhi Sultanate, and a clear held for Sanga to establish his own hegemony. Such a state of affairs seemed to be furthest from Babur’s mind, though.}}</ref> Mughal historian [[Abd al-Qadir Badayuni]] called Sanga the bravest of all [[Rajput]]s with [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], also known as Rai Pithaura.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Day |first=Upendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBMdAAAAMAAJ |title=Mewar Under Maharana Kumbha, 1433 A.D.-1468 A.D. |date=1978 |publisher=Rajesh Publications |page=35 |language=en |quote=Regarding Al Badayuni praise of Kumbha we dont find that instead we find him {{sic|?|priasing}} Rana Sanga and further calling him bravest of all Rajputs along with Rai Pithaura.}}</ref>

==Early life and accession==
[[File:Depiction of king Rana Sanga.jpg|thumb|alt=Painting of Rana Sanga|Rana Sanga]]
Sanga was born to King Raimal and Queen Ratan Kunwar, a Jhala princess from [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]]. Although contemporary texts did not mention the year of his birth, they provided astrological planetary positions at the time of his birth and called them auspicious. Based on these positions, assuming other planetary positions and based on the [[Kumbhalgarh]] inscription, historian [[Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha]] calculated Sanga's birth year as 1482.{{sfn|Somani|1976|p=171}}

Sanga was Raimal's third son. After a struggle with his brothers [[Prithviraj Sisodia|Prithviraj]] and Jagmal, in which he lost an eye, he ascended the throne of Mewar in 1509.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=12-13}}

==Military career==
[[File:Map of Sisodiya dynasty at its apex.png|thumb|The Kingdom of Mewar at its greatest extent under the Sisodiya dynasty, during the reign of Rana Sanga|upright=1.1|alt=Map of India, with Rana Sanga's domain highlighted]]
Sanga defeated the sultans of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]], [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] in eighteen battles, conquering much of present-day [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and northern [[Gujarat]]. He also controlled portions of [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Umerkot|Amarkot]].{{sfn|Sharma|1954|pp=15–19}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=http://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich |title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race |date=1918 |publisher=Ajmer, Scottish Mission Industries |others=University of California Libraries |pages=1–2}}</ref>{{sfn|Chandra|2005|p=224}}<ref>{{Citation |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=Mughal India |date=1982 |work=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1: c.1200-c.1750 |volume=1 |pages=458–471 |editor-last=Habib |editor-first=Irfan |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-india/mughal-india/1090ED12AEE3C249811AE2464024C83C |access-date=2024-02-17 |series=The Cambridge Economic History of India |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-05451-5 |editor2-last=Raychaudhuri |editor2-first=Tapan}}</ref> After his rise to the throne, Sanga reunited the warring clans of Rajputana through diplomacy and marriage. In his ''[[Baburnama]]'', Babur noted the challenges he faced in India. He described Sanga as the greatest [[kafir|infidel]] king of [[Hindustan]], with [[Krishnadevaraya]] of southern India's [[Vijayanagara Empire]]: "Sanga had recently grown so great by his audacity and sword that his kingdom included a significant portion of [[northern India]]."{{sfn|Wink|2012|pp=157-158|ps=. "Reflecting on challenges he faced in India in his memoirs Babur described Rana Sanga as one of the two greatest infidel king of India along with Deva Raya of South. who had grown so great by his audacity and sword and whose territory was so large that it covered significant portion of North-Western India"}}

According to legend, Sanga fought 100 battles and lost only one. His leg was crippled, and he received eighty wounds in war.{{sfn|Puri|2003|p=107}} India's [[Rajput]]s saw him as their leader against the sultanates,{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=18}} and he re-established Rajput rule in Malwa for the first time since the fall of the [[Paramara dynasty]] in 1305.<ref name="Sharma p27 16th century">{{harvnb|Sharma|1970|p=27}} "The early 16th century marks the rise of patriotic one-eyed chief of Mewar named as Rana Sanga who defeat several of his neighbour kingdom and establish Rajput hold on Malwa first time after fall of Parmara dynasty through series of victories over Malwa, Gujarat and Delhi Sultanate"</ref>

Sanga removed the [[jizya]] tax from the Hindus, which had been imposed by Muslim rulers. He is considered the last independent Hindu king of northern India to control significant territory, and was described in contemporary texts as "Hindu Emperor".{{sfn|Somani|1976|pp=176-179|ps=. "Sanga was the last Independent Hindu king who was controlling extensive boundaries."}}

=== Invasion of Malwa ===

{{Main|Battle of Gagron|Mewar–Malwa conflicts}}

[[Medini Rai]], a rebellious minister of the Malwa sultan, was struggling with Mahmud for the throne of Malwa and was promised aid by Rana Sanga.{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|pp=155-156}}
The combined sultanate forces of Gujarat and Malwa met the Sisodias, led by Sanga, at [[Battle of Gagron|Gagron]]. The battle was a Rajput victory.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=17}}

After victory in the battle and other skirmishes, Sanga captured eastern and northern Malwa and<ref name="Sharma p27 16th century"/> [[Chanderi]]. Rai made Chanderi his capital,{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|p=156}} and [[Silhadi|Silhaditya Tomar]] established himself as ruler of [[Raisen]] and the [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]] region. According to historian [[Satish Chandra (historian)|Satish Chandra]], these events occurred between 1518 and 1519.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Satish Chandra|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|language=en|pages=362|quote=Rana Sanga of Mewar came in conflict with Sultanates of Malwa, Gujarat and Delhi and repelled all of their invasions. An ensuring battle was fought in Gagron along with other skirmishes in which Rana came Victorious and Subsequently Eastern and Northern Malwa passed under Control of Rana. These events are placed in 1518-19"|access-date=24 March 2021|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084506/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> After the victory and establishment of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] rule in eastern and northern Malwa, Sanga ordered Rai to remove the Jizya tax from the region's Hindus.{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|pp=156,155,158-160}}{{Request quotation|date=July 2024}}

=== Wars against the Lodis ===
{{Main|Battle of Dholpur}}

Sanga turned his attention towards northeastern Rajasthan, controlled by Delhi sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]], after conquering Malwa. Lodi, after hearing about encroachments by Sanga on his territory, prepared an army and marched against Mewar in 1517. Sanga and his army met Lodi at Khatoli on the border of [[Hadoti]]. In the ensuing battle at Khatoli, the Lodi army had serious reverses and fled; one Lodi prince was captured and imprisoned. In this battle, Sanga lost an arm and an arrow made him lame for life.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=16}}

Lodi, reportedly stunned by the Rajput aggression (whose extent was unprecedented in the preceding three centuries), again moved against Mewar in 1518-19 but was defeated again in the battle of Dholpur. Lodi fought Sanga repeatedly and was defeated each time, losing his land in present-day Rajasthan; Sanga's influence extended to nearPilia Khar in [[Agra]].{{sfn|Chandra|2005|p=224}} According to the 16th-century text ''Parshvanath-Shravan-Sattavisi'', Sanga defeated Lodi at [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]] after the [[Siege of Mandsaur]].{{sfn|Hooja|2006|p=451}}

=== Campaign in Gujarat ===
{{Main|Battles of Idar|Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat}}
The three battles of Idar were fought between the armies of its two princes: Bhar Mal (supported by the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] under [[Muzaffar Shah II]]) and Rai Mal, supported by the Rajputs under Rana Sanga. The main reason for Sanga's involvement in these battles was to reinstate Rai Mal to his throne and weaken the growing power of the Gujarat Sultanate. Rai Mal, assisted by Rana Sanga,<ref>{{cite book | title=Aligarh Journal of Oriental Studies | publisher=Viveka Publications | issue=v. 4-6 | year=1987 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYNDAAAAYAAJ | access-date=2022-07-06 | page=15 | archive-date=17 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817154907/https://books.google.com/books?id=aYNDAAAAYAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref> defeated Muzzafar Shah II in 1517 and retook his kingdom.

In 1520, Sanga invaded Gujarat because of the succession of the state of Idar with an army of 40,000 Rajputs supported by his three vassals. Rao Ganga Rathore of Marwar also joined him with a garrison of 8,000 Rajputs. Sanga's other allies were Rawal Udai Singh of [[Vagad]] and Rao Viram of [[Merta City|Merta]]. He defeated the Muslim army of Nizam Khan and pursued them to [[Ahmedabad]]. Sanga called off his invasion 20 miles before the capital, Ahmedabad. He plundered the royal treasuries of Gujarat, destroying several mosques and building temples over them.{{sfn|Hooja|2006|pp=450-452}} After a series of victories, Sanga annexed [[North Gujarat|northern Gujarat]] and appointed one of his vassals to rule it.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=18}}{{sfn|Chaube|1975|pp=133-139}}

=== War against the Mughals ===

[[File:Early matchlocks.jpg|thumb|Early [[matchlock]]s from the [[Timurid dynasty]]|alt=16th-century illustration of soldiers]]
On 21 April 1526, the Timurid king [[Babur]] invaded India for the fifth time, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the [[First Battle of Panipat]], and executed him. After the battle, Sanga united several Rajput clans for the first time since the [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] era, built an army of 100,000 Rajput soldiers, and advanced to Agra.{{sfn|Spear|1990|p=25}}

The Mughals captured [[Bayana]]'s fort, which was part of Sanga's empire. In the February 1527 [[Battle of Bayana]], he defeated Babur's Mughal forces (led by Abdul Aziz) for his final victory. He sought divine favour by forbidding liquor, breaking wine vessels and pouring the wine down a well.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|p=22-27}} In the 16 March [[Battle of Khanwa]], 37 miles (60 km) west of Agra, the Mughals were victorious due to their cannons, matchlocks and other firearms. Sanga was struck by an arrow in mid-battle and was removed, unconscious, by his brother-in law [[Prithviraj Singh I|Prithviraj Kachwaha]] of [[Amber Fort|Amber]] and prince [[Maldeo Rathore|Maldev Rathore]]. Following his victory, [[Babur]] ordered a tower of enemy skulls{{snd}}a practice used by [[Timur]]. According to Chandra, the objective of a tower of skulls was to record a great victory and terrorize opponents; the tactic had been used by Babur against the [[Bajaur massacre|Afghans of Bajaur]].{{sfn|Chandra|2005|p=44}} Sanga was betrayed by [[Silhadi]] during the battle, who changed sides and joined Babur.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=57|ps=. "A treacherous desertion at outset upset Rana Sanga pre-arranged plan of combat. Silhadi, who had made himself a master of Raisen and Sarangpur and often changed side during troubled time had ultimately turned Muslim to save himself but ultimately joined Rana with his army, He went over to Babur's side from his post in the vanguard of the Hindu army."}}

The Mughal victory is seen as a landmark event in the Mughal conquest of [[North India]], more significant than the [[First Battle of Panipat]]; it made [[Babur]] the master of North India, crushing the Rajput clans. According to historian [[Andre Wink]], the centre of Mughal power became Agra (instead of Kabul) after the victory at Khanwa and remained so until it fell after [[Alamgir II|Ālamgir's]] death.{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|p=161}}{{sfn|Wink|2012|p=27}} Without Babur's cannons (which ended outdated Indian warfare), Sanga might have prevailed.<ref name="barua">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA33 |pages=33–34 |title=The State at War in South Asia |first=Pradeep |last=Barua |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-80321-344-9 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817154934/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Babur stopped further invading Rajasthan, Rajput forces encamped at Baswa (near [[Dausa]]) for Sanga's treatment, and Sanga soon began preparation of another war against Babur.{{sfn|Sharma|1954|pp=42,43}}

==Death and succession==
Sanga was removed unconscious from the battlefield by his brother-in-law, [[Prithviraj Singh I|Prithviraj Singh]] of [[Amber]], and [[Maldeo Rathore]] of [[Marwar]]. After regaining consciousness he took an oath to not return to [[Chittorgarh|Chittor]] until he defeated Babur and conquered Delhi, and stopped wearing a [[turban]].<ref name="imm">{{harvnb|Sharma|1954|pp=43}}</ref> Preparing for another war against Babur, he was poisoned by nobles who did not want more conflict. He died in [[Kalpi]] in January 1528{{sfn|Sharma|1954|pp=44}} or on 20 May of that year{{Sfn|Somani|1976|p=176}} and was succeeded by his son, [[Ratan Singh II]].

After Sanga's defeat, his vassal [[Medini Rai]] was defeated by Babur at [[Battle of Chanderi|Chanderi]] and Babur captured the Rai capital. Rai refused an offer of Shamsabad instead of Chanderi, and chose to die fighting. The Rajput women and children [[Self-immolation|immolated themselves]] to save their honour from Babur's army.<ref name="imm"/> Babur captured Chanderi, earlier ruled by Rai, after his victory.{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|p=157}} The power vacuum left by Sanga was filled by Rao [[Maldeo Rathore]], who took over the role of leading Rajput king and dominated the era with his increased use of [[Cavalry#Mughal Empire|cavalry]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&q=A+History+of+Mobility+and+Identity+in+the+Great+Indian+Desert.|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|year=2016|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert.|publisher= Cambridge University Press|pages=85|isbn=9781107080317|quote=Malde attempted to fill the power vacuum created by the death of Rana Sanga. The death of Rana Sanga and the misfortunes of the house of Mewar left Malde to the uncontrolled exercise of his power}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
* 1988–1989: ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]'', broadcast on [[Doordarshan]], where he was played by [[Ravi Jhankal]].
* 2013–2015: ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', broadcast by [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]], where he was played by [[Aarav Chowdhary]].

== See also ==

* [[Bappa Rawal]]
* [[Hammir Singh|Maharana Hammir Singh]]
* [[Rana Kumbha|Maharana Kumbha]]
* [[Maharana Pratap]]
* [[Amar Singh I|Maharana Amar Singh]]
* [[Raj Singh I|Maharana Raj Singh]]
* [[History of Rajasthan]]
* [[Kingdom of Mewar]]
* [[List of battles in Rajasthan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Satish |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1066-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC |language=en}}
*{{Cite book|last=Chaube|first=J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|date=1975|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=9780883865736|language=en}}
*{{cite book|last=Chaurasia|first=Radhey Shyam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0123-4|language=en}}

*{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ|title=A History of Rajasthan|date=2006|publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6|language=en}}

*{{Cite book |last=Puri |first=Baij Nath |author-link=Baij Nath Puri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC&dq=rana+sanga+battles&pg=PA107|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India|date=2003|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-2508-9|language=en}}

* {{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |title=Military History of India |date=1960 |publisher=Orient Longmans |isbn=978-0-86125-155-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIs9AAAAMAAJ|title=Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)|date=1954|publisher=S.L. Agarwala|language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dasharatha |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Lectures on Rajput History and Culture|date=1970|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-0-8426-0262-4|language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Rāmavallabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ&q=independent+hindu+chief|title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D.|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Spear |first=Percival |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2H_v0t5jTkC|title=A History of India|author-link=Percival Spear|date=1990|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-0138368-|language=en}}

*{{Cite book|first=Andre |last=Wink|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zhu9DwAAQBAJ|title=Akbar|date=2012|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-78074-209-0|language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7lmnQEACAAJ |title=History of Medieval India (800-1700) |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=9789390122547}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanga, Rana}}
[[Category:1482 births]]
[[Category:1528 deaths]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Mewar]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1528 in India]]
[[Category:History of South Asia]]

Operation Mand

2026-03-06T19:26:57Z

AryaShah: new a article.

{{Short description|1986 military operation by India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Mand
| image =
| place = Mand, [[Punjab, India]]
| partof = [[Insurgency in Punjab, India]]
| date = 21–22 July 1986
| result = Tat Khalsa victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag-of-Khalistan.svg}} [[Tat Khalsa]]
-----
| combatant2 = {{flag|India}}
-----
* [[Central Reserve Police Force]]
* [[File:BSF Flag.svg|22px|Logo of Border Security Forces]] [[Border Security Force]]
* [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag-of-Khalistan.svg}} [[Avtar Singh Brahma]]
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|India}} [[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]] {{flagdeco|India}} [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|HM]] [[Buta Singh]] {{flagdeco|India}} [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|CM]] [[Surjit Singh Barnala|Surjit Barnala]] {{flagdeco|India}} [[Director general of police|DGP]] [[KPS Gill]] {{flagdeco|India}} [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio Riberio]]
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 1 helicopter destroyed
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
}}

'''Operation Mand''' was a military operation launched by the [[Punjab Police, India|Punjab Police]] in India to capture or kill [[Avtar Singh Brahma]] and [[Tat Khalsa]] members on 21 and 22 July 1986.<ref name="Ribeiro 1998 283">{{Cite book |last=Ribeiro |first=Julio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxXlAAAAMAAJ |title=Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer |date=1998 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-87871-0 |pages=283 |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Avtar Singh Brahma was a Sikh ''[[kharku]]'' who had founded the group Tat Khalsa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpBDwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma+tat+khalsa&pg=PT153 |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |date=2010-03-11 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5150-953-0 |language=en}}</ref> He quickly grew to prominence by launching constant attacks on [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]], [[Border Security Force|BSF]], [[Punjab Police, India|Police]], and [[Indian Army|Army]] patrols.<ref name=":3222">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNAxAQAAIAAJ |title=Link: Indian Newsmagazine |date=1987 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> Brahma centered his group and operation in the Mand region which is the riverbank land along the [[Beas River|Beas]].<ref name="indiatoday.in4">{{Cite web |title=Sikh terrorists gun down bus-load of passengers in Punjab, Delhi mobs react against Sikhs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860815-sikh-terrorists-gun-down-bus-load-of-passengers-in-punjab-delhi-mobs-react-against-sikhs-801146-1986-08-14 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=India Today |date=15 August 1986 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Dipankar |last2=Banerjee |first2=Sumanta |last3=Mohan |first3=Dinesh |last4=Navlakha |first4=Gautam |date=1988 |title=Punjab: Communalised beyond Politics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4378888 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=23 |issue=33 |pages=1677–1684 |jstor=4378888 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> Brahma would be dubbed the "King of Mand"<ref name="Ribeiro 1998 2833">{{Cite book |last=Ribeiro |first=Julio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxXlAAAAMAAJ |title=Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer |date=1998 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-87871-0 |pages=283 |language=en}}</ref> and became the ''[[de facto]]'' ruler of the region,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhillon |first=Kirpal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PU6CwAAQBAJ&dq=sikh+militant+%22mand%22&pg=PT248 |title=Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993 |date=2006-12-22 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-85890-38-3 |language=en}}</ref> which covers an area of {{Convert|240|km2}}.<ref name="indiatoday.in4"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Vas |first1=Lt Gen EA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38k1EAAAQBAJ&dq=1987+avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PA125 |title=Indian Defence Review July-Dec 1987 (Vol 2.2) |last2=Kathpalia |first2=Lt Gen PN |last3=Bakshi |first3=G. D. |last4=Kanwal |first4=Gurmeet |last5=Rockall |first5=George |last6=Kaushik |first6=Brig OP |last7=Saksena |first7=Col KP |last8=Tiwathia |first8=Maj Vijay |last9=Joshi |first9=Dr Manoj |date=1987-07-01 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-81-7062-029-7 |pages=124–5 |language=en}}</ref>

== Operation ==
On 21 July 1986, Operation Mand would be launched. The Operation was led and planned by [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill|KPS Gill]] and was approved by [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio Riberio]].<ref name="Ribeiro 1998 2832">{{Cite book |last=Ribeiro |first=Julio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxXlAAAAMAAJ |title=Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer |date=1998 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-87871-0 |pages=283 |language=en}}</ref> About 30 [[Company (military unit)|companies]] of security forces assisted by helicopters, bulldozers and mechanized boats, were deployed for the operation.<ref name="indiatoday.in4"/><ref name=":0" /> Brahma operated 5 groups of 25–30 operatives.<ref name=":0" />

The operation did not go as expected for the Indian forces. Thousands of police and paramilitary forces surrounded the Mand region and closed in on the Tat Khalsa men. According to Avtar Singh, he and his fellow Tat Khalsa members clashed with and repulsed an attacking force of officers and paramilitary, with the attacking force suffering high casualties. Avtar Singh also claims to have shot down a paramilitary helicopter. Both helicopters are reported to have retreated after this.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1hDAAAAYAAJ |title=India Today |date=1986 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ |title=India Today Volume 11, Issues 13-24 |date=1986 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> The battle continued for some time, but eventually, the security forces fell back for the night. Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow Tat Khalsa members managed to escape at night.<ref name="indiatoday.in4"/><ref name=":1" /> The operation lasted for 40 hours.<ref name="indiatoday.in4" />

== Aftermath ==
The operation faced criticism for being "overkill".<ref name="indiatoday.in4" /> It was initially described as the destruction of the Khalistan capital, but police had only captured a few weapons.<ref name="indiatoday.in4" /> The operation also saw criticism from Revenue Minister [[Major Singh Uboke]], a dissident in the ruling party.<ref name="indiatoday.in4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab in crisis as Barnala Ministry reduced to a minority following split in Akali Dal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19860531-punjab-in-crisis-as-barnala-ministry-reduced-to-a-minority-following-split-in-akali-dal-800915-1986-05-30 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=India Today |date=31 May 1986 |language=en}}</ref> He called Operation Mand "Operation Fraud". He accused, at a cabinet meeting, the security forces of harassing and torturing "innocent Sikh youths and even women".<ref name="indiatoday.in4"/> Ribeiro would counter criticism saying the operation was successful in its goal of ridding the militants of their base of operation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ribeiro |first=Julio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxXlAAAAMAAJ |title=Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer |date=1998 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-87871-0 |pages=283 |language=en}}</ref>

== Pop culture ==
The operation is depicted in the 2017 Indian film ''[[Toofan Singh (film)|Toofan Singh]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 July 2017 |title=Censor board refuses to clear movie on Khalistani militant |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/censor-board-refuses-to-clear-movie-on-khalistani-militant/story-wd67GQ61jAXwNrSMztDH8M.html |website=hindustantimes.com}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=July 2023}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Khalistan movement}}

[[Category:Conflicts in India]]
[[Category:History of Sikhism]]
[[Category:Khalistan movement]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1986]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism in India]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:Battles involving India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1986]]
[[Category:1986 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:1980s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sikh terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Rajiv Gandhi administration]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:1986 murders in India]]

Alibaba Ara Dozen Dongalu

2026-03-04T07:35:24Z

AryaShah: started new biography...

{{short description|1994 Indian comedy film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Alibaba Ara Dozen Dongalu
| image = Alibaba Aradajanu Dongalu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Marudhuri Raja]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = E. V. V. Satyanarayana [[Balabhadrapatruni Ramani|Ramani]]
| screenplay = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| producer = K. Chinni
| director = [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Ravali]] Srikanya
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = Babji
| editing = Naayani Maheswara Rao
| studio = Melody Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1993|12|31}}
| runtime = 150 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Alibaba Ara Dozen Dongalu''''' ({{translation|Alibaba and Half a Dozen Thieves}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]] starring [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Ravali]], and Srikanya, with music composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. The film was released on 31 December 1993 and was a box office success. It received positive critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1 June 2020|title=నవ్వులు పూయించిన 6 దొంగలు - Nostalgia|url=https://www.idreampost.com/te/news/nostalgia/success-of-alibaba-aradajanu-dongalu|access-date=5 February 2021|website=iDreamPost.com|language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=14-jan-1994 |url=https://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1994/Jan/14-jan-1994.pdf |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=www.zaminryot.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film follows Alibaba, a bumbling police officer, and his interactions with six petty thieves as they confront three rival criminal groups: Kotayya & Co. and the Brahmam brothers. Their chaotic confrontations cause havoc in the city, prompting the [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP) to assign Alibaba to bring the situation under control. Despite his efforts, Alibaba struggles to manage the situation, and the SP considers suspending him. However, Alibaba is given a final opportunity to apprehend a notorious gangster, Appaji.

Alibaba lives with his domineering paternal uncle, a retired head constable who helped secure his job, and his maternal aunt, Balamani, who has been waiting for her husband, Ekalingam, for 50 years. Balamani guards a diamond worth ₹25 [[lakh]], which she promises to give to anyone who provides information about her missing husband. The thieves and criminals devise plans to steal the diamond by impersonating Ekalingam but fail miserably.

When Alibaba is tasked with capturing Appaji, he strikes a deal with the gangster to fake an arrest and maintain his job. However, the plan falls through, and the arrested Appaji is sent to [[Tihar Prisons|Tihar Jail]], enraging him. Meanwhile, the thieves plot to marry their sisters, Phoolan Devi and Pooja Bedi, to Alibaba as part of their scheme to steal the diamond. Phoolan Devi tricks Alibaba into marriage, while Pooja Bedi and the remaining thieves complicate matters further by artfully carrying his first night with Pooja Bedi.

Caught between two women and a house full of criminals, Alibaba's life descends into chaos. His uncle and aunt are taken hostage, and the thieves wreak havoc in his home. Frustrated, Alibaba accuses the SP of being the root of his troubles. The SP, in turn, stages an elaborate scheme, convincing Alibaba that he has only three months to live, inspiring him to act fearlessly.

Emboldened, Alibaba manages to imprison the thieves and begins to appreciate his two wives. However, Appaji escapes from jail and kidnaps Alibaba's wives, demanding Balamani's diamond in exchange. In the climactic confrontation, Alibaba outsmarts Appaji, retrieves his wives, and uncovers the true nature of the diamond—it is merely a worthless [[British Raj|British]]-era [[paperweight]].

The film concludes with Alibaba embracing his unconventional family and reconciling with the SP, who orchestrated much of the chaos to help Alibaba grow.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Alibaba
* [[Ravali]] as Phoolan Devi
* Srikanya as Pooja Bedi
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as S.P.
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Kotayya & co
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Brahmam Brothers
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Kotayya & co
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikharjuna Rao]] as Kotayya & co
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Brahmam Brothers
* [[Giribabu]] as Alibaba's Babai
* [[Viswanathan]] as Appaji
* [[Ironleg Sastri]] as Pindala Sastry
* [[Tirupathi Prakash]] as Lady constable
* Chidatala Appa Rao as Brahmam Brothers
* Dham as constable
* Vidyasagar
* [[Silk Smitha]] as SP's wife
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Balamani
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Alibaba Ara Dozen Dongalu
| type = film
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1993
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:45
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Chilakapachcha Kaapuram]]
| prev_year = 1993
| next_title = [[Aame]]
| next_year = 1994
}}

Music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. Audio soundtrack was released on Supreme Music Company label.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Alibaba Aradajan Dongalu|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/alibaba-aradajan-dongalu/lyuT,Uq6whg_|access-date=28 January 2021|website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:45
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Baba Baba Alibaba
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 5:20
| title2 = Nee Pere Naa Prema
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length2 = 5:02
| title3 = Yerra Buggalu Chusuko
| lyrics3 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length3 = 4:07
| title4 = Kassu Kassu Mannadhi
| lyrics4 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:21
| title5 = Rambha Naaku Peddappaa
| lyrics5 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra5 = Chitra, [[Malgudi Subha]]
| length5 = 4:56
| title6 = Nee Paita Jaripothe
| lyrics6 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| length6 = 4:59
}}

== Reception ==
In their obituary of director [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]], ''[[The Times of India]]'' listed ''Alibaba Ara Dozen Dongalu'' among "some of his super-hit comedy and entertaining films".<ref name="Times of India">{{Cite news |date=22 January 2011 |title=EVV Satyanarayana passes away |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/EVV-Satyanarayana-passes-away/articleshow/7339620.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419070457/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-22/news-interviews/28376358_1_telugu-film-cardiac-arrest-evv-satyanarayana |url-status=live |archive-date=19 April 2012 |access-date=1 June 2012}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0252221}}

{{E. V. V. Satyanarayana}}

[[Category:Films directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:1994 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]

Teri Payal Mere Geet

2026-03-04T00:04:28Z

AryaShah: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Teri Payal Mere Geet
| image = Teri Payal Mere Geet.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional Poster
| director = Rehman Naushad
| producer = Prem Lalwani
| writer = [[Naushad Ali|Naushad]]
| screenplay =
| story = [[Naushad Ali|Naushad]]
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]
| music = [[Naushad Ali|Naushad]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1993|12|24}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''Teri Payal Mere Geet''' is a 1993 [[Bollywood|Hindi movie]] produced by Prem Lalwani, starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]. The movie was directed by Rehman Naushad.

==Story==
It's a love story about Premee ([[Govinda]]) and Laila Jaan ([[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]). Premi loves Laila Jaan and one day he finds out that she works at a brothel. Later Premi finds out that Laila Jaan was an ordinary dancer and he tries to win her back. He kisses her and she slaps him. He then abducts her and they fall in love.

==Cast==
*[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Premee
*[[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] as Laila Jaan / Leela
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Benni
*[[Kadar Khan]] as Jhanjhotia
*[[Johnny Lever]] as Dubey
*[[Bharat Bhushan]] as Ustad Khan
*[[Navin Nischol]] as Thakur

==Soundtrack==
Movie featured 8 songs. Music was by [[Naushad]] and lyrics by [[Hasan Kamal]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Teri Payal Mere Geet
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Naushad Ali]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 17 Dec 1993
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:92%"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Kya Kahe Aaj Kya Ho Gaya"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Mohabbat Ka Ek Devta"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Duniya Ke Mele Mein"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Baat Sabse Karo"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Teri Payal Mere Geet"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Zindagi Mein Kam Se Kam"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Kaahe Sajan Ko Sajaniya"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|-
| "Chhune Nahin Dungi"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal|India|Film}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt0424489}}

[[Category:1993 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Vinodayathra

2026-03-03T21:34:04Z

AryaShah: fix layout and updated info for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vinodayathra
| image = Vinodayathra.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sathyan Anthikkad]]
| producer = M. M. Hamsa
| writer = Sathyan Anthikkad
| starring = [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Meera Jasmine]] [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] [[Ganapathi S. Poduval]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| editing = K. Rajagopal
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]]
| studio = [[Kalasangham Films]]
| distributor = Kalasangham Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|04|05}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vinodayathra''''' ({{translation|Leisure Trip|Vinod's Journey
}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Sathyan Anthikkad]], and starring [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] and [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] along with [[Meera Jasmine]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Ganapathi S Poduval]], [[KPAC Lalitha]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Seetha]] and [[Parvathy Thiruvothu|Parvathy]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/09ssvin.htm|title=Vinodayathra is a pleasure trip|access-date=3 April 2022|archive-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403102449/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/09ssvin.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webindia123.com/movie/regional/april2007/vinodhyathra/index.htm|title=Vinodayathra Malayalam Movie review-Vinodayathra film review-Vinodayathra review-Vinodayathra review|access-date=3 April 2022|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613144302/http://www.webindia123.com/movie/regional/april2007/vinodhyathra/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="t">{{Cite news|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Row-over-Kerala-State-Films-Award/articleshow/15137396.cms|title = Row over Kerala State Films Award|website = [[The Times of India]]|access-date = 14 January 2018|archive-date = 24 May 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180524115504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Row-over-Kerala-State-Films-Award/articleshow/15137396.cms|url-status = live}}</ref> Few scenes of the film were reported to be inspired by the 2001 Korean film ''[[My Sassy Girl]]''.<ref name="t"/> The film became a blockbuster at the box office and completed more than 175 days in theatres and it has over the years attained a cult status.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: 2007's Top Malayalam hits so far |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/04sli1.htm |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=specials.rediff.com |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903093811/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/04sli1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
It is the story of an irresponsible but good-natured young man, Vinod who came from [[UAE]], who comes to a hilly village to live with his elder sister, Vimala, brother-in-law, Shaji, and his sister, Rashmi. Shaji is a reputed engineer in the irrigation department, and Vinod wants to learn life from him. However, he ends up creating problems for Shaji. Vinod meets many people in the village and learns life lessons from them, mainly from Anupama whom he falls in love with.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] as Vinod Kumar
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Shaji
* [[Meera Jasmine]] as Anupama
* [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] as Vimala
* [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] as Reshmi
* [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] as Vijayan
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Thankachan
* [[Ganapathi S Poduval]] as Ganapathi
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as [[Inspector-general of police|IG]] John Mathew [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[K.P.A.C. Lalitha]] as John Mathew's sister
* [[Mammukoya]] as Ananthan
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Rajappan
* [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Soshamma Thankachen
* [[Babu Namboothiri]] as Kunnath Ramanunni, Vinod's and Vimala's father
* Reshmi Boban as Ambili
* [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as Receptionist
* Bindu Murali
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Anupama's mother
* [[Muthumani]] as School Teacher- cameo appearance
* Manjusha Sajish
* Sethulakshmi as saree vendor
* Sreekutty as Molly Varghese
* Vijayan Karanthoor as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Stephen
{{colend}}

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Vinodayathra
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = April 6, 2007
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Film
| length = 151 minutes
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The score and soundtrack of the film were composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. The songs were written by [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma|Vayalar Sarathchandra Varma]]. All songs became chartbusters.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Singer
|-
| "Akkikkokki" || [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
| "Kaiyetha" (F) || [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
|-
| "Kaiyetha" (M) || [[K. J. Yesudas|Dr. K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Mandaarappoo Mooli" || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
|-
| "Mandaarappoo Mooli" (M) || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| "Thennippaayum" || [[Afsal]], [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|}

==Awards and nominations==
;[[Asianet Film Awards]]
* [[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award for Best Actress]] - [[Meera Jasmine]]
* [[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award for Best Child Artist]] - [[Ganapathi S Poduval]]
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay]] - [[Sathyan Anthikad]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]] - [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brinda]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0867465|Vinodayathra}}

{{Sathyan Anthikad}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2000s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Sathyan Anthikad]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sathyan Anthikad]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2007 comedy-drama films]]

{{2000s-comedy-drama-film-stub}}
{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kondapalli Raja

2026-03-03T18:22:55Z

AryaShah: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Other uses|Kondapalli (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kondapalli Raja
| image = Kondapalli Raja.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
| producer = K. V. V. Satyanarayana
| writer = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story =
| screenplay = Ravi Raja Pinisetty
| starring = [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] [[Nagma]] [[Suman (actor)|Suman]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = K. Ravindra Babu
| editing = Vemuri Ravi
| studio = Saudhamini Creations
| released = {{Film date|1993|07|09|df=y}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Kondapalli Raja''''' is a 1993 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]] and produced by K. V. V. Satyanarayana under Saudhamini Creations. It stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Nagma]] and [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], with music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. The film is a remake of the 1987 Hindi movie ''[[Khudgarz]]'' which in turn was based on [[Jeffrey Archer]]'s 1979 novel ''[[Kane and Abel (novel)|Kane and Abel]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/jeffrey-archer-accuses-bollywood-of-stealing-his-bestselling-storylines-10085842.html |title=Khudgarz (Base) |work=Independent|date=4 March 2015 }}</ref> This was the second Telugu remake of ''[[Khudgarz]]'' after ''[[Prana Snehithulu]]'' (1988). The film was successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/venkatesh-centers.html|title= Success and centers list - Venkatesh|publisher= [[idlebrain.com]] |access-date= 30 October 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
Raja and Ashok have been best friends since childhood. Raja is a milkman while Ashok is the son of rich businessman and hotelier Gangadharam. Ashok falls in love with Shanthi, a poor girl, but his father is against the wedding. Raja holds the wedding and earns his ire. Meanwhile, Raja falls in love with Subbu/Subbalakshmi, whom he subsequently marries.

Gangadharam, plotting to divide his son and Raja, hints that he would like to build a hotel on Raja's land. He gives the land to Ashok without even accepting money for it. When Gangadharam later talks about bringing down his house, he slaps Gangadharam in anger and even Ashok slaps Raja which breaks up their friendship. Gangadharam orders Raja's house to be bulldozed, which angers Raja and he blames Ashok. Raja boasts that he will become a bigger and more successful hotelier than Ashok. Raja, with his hard work and honesty, becomes the biggest businessman in the city.

Ashok's younger brother Srikanth and Raja's younger sister Kamala study in the same college, Srikanth traps Kamala and marries her to take revenge against Raja; he often harasses her. Meanwhile, during an auction, Raja tricks Ashok to buy a plot for 12 crores, which was not worth more than 3 crores, Raja buys out the entire property Ashok including his house. But with goodness in heart and the old friendship in mind, Raja gives back the property to Ashok.

Meanwhile, Ashok becomes aware of the tricks played by his father by his cousin Prabhakar. Meanwhile, Daniel, common enemy of Raja and Ashok, joins with Gangadharam. Both of them plan to kill Raja by mixing poison in his milk factory; information is passed to Ashok by Kamala, that's why she is tortured by Srikanth and Gangadharam, Raja saves her and discovers their plan to put poison in the milk. At the same time, Ashok goes to stop Daniel, but he is injured, Raja saves him, both of them join and see the end of Daniel and Gangadharam, which changes Srikanth and their friendship resumes.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as Raja
*[[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Ashok
*[[Nagma]] as Subbalakshmi
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Srikanth
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Gangadharam
*[[Captain Raju]] as Daniel
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Hotel Server
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Raja's mother
*Vinod as Prabhakar
*[[Yuvarani]] as Kamala
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Muddu Krishna
*[[Costumes Krishna]] as Minister Simhadri Appanna
*[[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Shanthi
*[[Narsing Yadav]] as Rowdy
*[[Archana Puran Singh]] as Gujji Girl
*Master Raghavendra as young Raja
{{colend}}
==Production==
''Kondapalli Raja'' was the remake of Tamil film ''[[Annaamalai]]'' (1992) which itself was remade from Hindi film ''Khudgarz'' (1987). Despite ''Khudgarz'' already being remade in Telugu as ''Prana Snehithulu'' (1988), the film's producer K. V. V. Sathyanarayana went ahead and bought the remake rights of ''Annamalai'' thus making it the second remake of the film in Telugu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_ravirajapinishetty2010_3.php|page=3|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=5 December 2024|title=Interview: Ravi Raja Pinisetty|date=15 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231093534/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_ravirajapinishetty2010_3.php|archive-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> He initially planned to make this film with Chiranjeevi who also agreed in this film however Venkatesh who came to know about the remake expressed interest in working in the film. Sathyanarayana who was producing ''Sundarakanda'' with Venkatesh at that time was surprised by this as it was a rare occurrence that a film with the same actor begins while another film with him is under production but proceeded to do the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2021/oldies/venkatesh-insted-of-chiranjeevi-for-kondapalli-raja-avmmrgschitrajyothy-24622.html|title=చిరంజీవితో అనుకొని వెంకటేశ్‌తో తీశారు|website=Chithra Jyothy|language=Telugu|date=20 December 2021|access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref> Actress [[Divya Bharti]] was offered the female role. But she insisted on the director to cast [[Nagma]] as she was already busy with her film ''[[Tholi Muddu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-25|title=Birthday girl Nagma's name was linked with these celebrities; last name will shock you - OrissaPOST|url=https://www.orissapost.com/birthday-girl-nagmas-name-was-linked-with-these-celebrities-last-name-will-shock-you/|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily - OrissaPOST|language=en-US}}</ref>

However Krishnam Raju objected the making of the film as the team did not obtain his permission to make a film on similar subject and took the matter to the court. The matter was later settled and was compromised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Venkatesh-starrer 1993 Film Kondapalli Raja Courted Controversy Before Release|date=14 December 2023|website=News18|access-date=5 December 2024|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/why-venkatesh-starrer-1993-film-kondapalli-raja-courted-controversy-before-release-8703621.html}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kondapalli Raja
| type = film
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1993
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 31:00
| label = Surya Audio
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Alimayya]]
| prev_year = 1993
| next_title = [[Matru Devo Bhava]]
| next_year = 1993
}}
Music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Music released on Surya Audio.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 31:00
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Kondapalli Raja
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:57

| title2 = Guvvamgudugudu
| lyrics2 = Bhuvanachandra
| extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length2 = 4:45

| title3 = Dhanimma Thotaloki
| lyrics3 = [[Veturi]]
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length3 = 5:03

| title4 = A Kasilo Siggu
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| extra4 =S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:55

| title5 = Ammammammammo
| lyrics5 = Veturi
| extra5 =Mano, Chitra
| length5 = 5:03

| title6 = Singarayakonda
| lyrics6 = Veturi
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Malgudi Subha]]
| length6 = 5:00
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1798189}}

{{Ravi Raja Pinisetty}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:1993 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]

Enjoy (2022 film)

2026-03-03T02:40:04Z

AryaShah: new new article...

{{Short description|2022 romantic comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Enjoy
| image = Enjoy 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Perumal Kasi
| producer = K. Lakshmi Narayanan
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
*Vignesh
*Harish Kumar
}}
| music = K. M. Rayan
| cinematography = K. N. Akbar
| editing = Manikumaran
| studio = LNH Creation
| distributor =
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|23}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Enjoy''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Perumal Kasi, starring Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy, Vignesh and Harish Kumar. It was released on 23 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Enjoy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/enjoy/movieshow/95448959.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227155114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/enjoy/movieshow/95448959.cms |archive-date=27 December 2022 |access-date=27 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A group of young people are trying to use social media to achieve their goals. However, they encounter various challenges along the way. Will they be able to succeed in their endeavours?{{No plot|date=January 2023}}
==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
*Vignesh
*Harish Kumar
*Niranjana
*Aparna
*Charumisa
*Sai Dhanya
*Hasin
*Yogi Ram}}

==Reception==
The film was released on 23 December 2022 across Tamil Nadu. A reviewer from the ''[[Thinaboomi]]'' newspaper gave the film a mixed review, though cited that "it may be an interesting watch for youngsters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=என்ஜாய் விமர்சனம் |url=http://www.thinaboomi.com/2022/12/26/189536.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227175622/http://www.thinaboomi.com/2022/12/26/189536.html |archive-date=27 December 2022 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=[[Thinaboomi]] |language=ta}}</ref> A critic from ''ChennaiVision'' wrote that Perumal Kasi "has conveyed an important message at the climax. The director has designed the characters in such a way that they convey the message effectively".<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2022 |title=Enjoy movie review |url=https://chennaivision.com/enjoy-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105004512/https://chennaivision.com/enjoy-movie-review/ |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Chennai Vision}}</ref> Critic Malini Mannath noted it was "a promising debut from a first time maker, ‘Enjoy’ offers much more than what one would have expected from a film by a debutant maker and his cast of freshers."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=24 December 2022 |title=Review- Enjoy |url=https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2022/12/24/review-enjoy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227155107/https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2022/12/24/review-enjoy/ |archive-date=27 December 2022 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=malinimannath.wordpress.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|24658608}}

[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sujatha Srinivasan

2026-02-27T00:21:27Z

AryaShah: stub

'''Sujatha Srinivasan''' is a professor in the department of mechanical engineering at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] where she also heads the National Center for Assistive Health Technologies and the Rehabilitation Research and Device Development. In these roles she researches assistive technologies with a focus on applying design and [[biomechanics]] to make them functional and affordable.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sujatha Srinivasan |url=https://rehabweek.org/sujatha-constantinidou/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Rehabweek 2025 – Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> Srinivasan is also an honorary professor at [[Imperial College London]].<ref name=":1" />

== Education ==
Srinivasan graduated with a B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from IIT-Madras in 1992 then completed a masters of science in mechanical engineering (MSME) at the [[University of Toledo]], USA in 1994. She worked in the prosthetics industry for many years before doing her PhD work at [[Ohio State University]], graduating in 2007.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sujatha Srinivasan: Professor |url=https://mech.iitm.ac.in/profile.php?fname=sujsree |website=Department of Mechanical Engineering: Indian Institute of Technology Madras}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Research ==
Srinivasan is the leader of Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2D2), a research group that integrates investigations into human movement with designing and developing technologies for rehabilitation and assistance for people with movement impairments. Their aim to increase the affordability and thus accessibility of assistive devices is supported by their collaborations (eg: clinical specialists, [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]], hospitals) and industrial partners including their start-up NeoMotion.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2D2): Indian Institute of Technology Madras |url=https://r2d2.iitm.ac.in/home |website=R2D2 IIT Madras}}</ref>

In 2025 the collaboration between her research group and Thryv Mobility produced the "lightest wheel chair in India", it weighs 8.5 kg and is made of aerospace grade material.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 18, 2025 |title=IIT Madras unveils new 8.5-kg wheelchair that enables independence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/iit-madras-unveils-new-85-kg-wheelchair-that-enables-independence/article69819611.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

=== Honors ===

* In 2019 - 2020 she received the Abdul Kalam Technology Innovation National Fellowship which allowed her to research and develop a easy-to-operate affordable locked knee joint for people struggling with Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recipients of Abdul Kalam Technology Innovation National Fellowship |url=https://www.inae.in/recipients-of-abdul-kalam-technology-innovation-national-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Indian National Academy of Engineering |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* In 2021 her research group R2D2 was awarded the ‘Best Assistive Technology Initiative Among Educational Institutes’ by Assistech Foundation (ATF).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The end is the beginning: ATF awards 2022: expression of gratitude |url=https://atflabs.org/atf-awards-2022/ |website=Assis Tech Foundation}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, Sujatha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Biomechanists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institutes of Technology]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Madras]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ramachaari (TV series)

2026-02-26T10:37:12Z

AryaShah:

{{Short description|Indian Kannada language television drama series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ramachariserial.png
| image_size = 220
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| genre = Drama
| director = K S Ramji
| starring = Rithvik Krupakar Mouna Guddemane
| open_theme = Namma Ramachaari
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| producer = K S Ramji
| runtime = 22 minutes
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 1000
| network = [[Colors Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|01|31|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|12|28|df=y}}
}}

'''''Ramachaari''''' was an Indian [[Kannada]] language television drama series aired on [[Colors Kannada]] and premiered on 31 January 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-television-industry-gets-its-own-ramachari/articleshow/88774480.cms|title=Kannada Television Industry Gets its own Ramachari|date=9 January 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref> It stars Rithvik Krupakar,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/web-stories/entertainment/all-about-ramachari-kannada-tv-serial-actor-rithvik-krupakar/photoshow/89527535.cms|title=All about Ramachari Kannada TV Serial actor Rithvik Krupakar|date=5 February 2022|website=Vijaya Karnataka}}</ref> Mouna Guddemane, [[Mithun Tejasvi]], Shankar Ashwath, Sirija,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-sirija-to-make-her-acting-comeback-with-upcoming-show-ramachari/articleshow/88726551.cms|title=Actress Sirija to maker her acting Comeback with Ramachari|date=6 January 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and [[Anjali Sudhakar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/eminent-actress-anjali-bags-a-prominent-role-in-new-show-ramachari/articleshow/89149294.cms|title=Eminent actress anjali Bags a Prominent role in New show Ramachari|date=27 January 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ramachaari is a person hailing from a middle-class Brahmin family background. In the beginning episodes, it is shown that he goes for the 60th year Pooje, of a wealthy businessman, the father of an arrogant lady named Charulatha (aka Charu), who had met Ramachaari in a chance encounter when she drove her car so fast, while coming back home. But Ramachaari stepped over the car, enraging her and this triggered a sense of anger in her. Then, several incidents infuriate her more, eventually, they end up joining the same company (Arjuna Architects). Several days later, Charulatha's father compels his daughter to stay in Ramachaari's home, against her wishes. This enrages her more and decides to avenge her insult, thus ruins Ramachaari's sister's marriage, causing even more problems to his family. Later when Ramachaari is revealed about the truth, he goes to warn her. On the other hand, Charulatha's 3-month task of work experience almost comes to an end, thus demanding a "Performance Certificate", from her father, but from Ramachaari, not from the Company Manager where she works. Charulatha tries every trick in the book to forcefully get a certificate from Ramachaari, in order to become the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of her dad's company, but fails every time.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Rithvik Krupakar as Ramachaari, Narayana and Janaki's younger son, Charu's husband, Shruthi's brother (dead)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-television-industry-gets-its-own-ramachari/articleshow/88774480.cms|title=Kannada television industry gets its own Ramachari
|date=9 January 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Mouna Guddemane as Charulatha, Ramachaari's wife, Jayashankar and Manyatha's daughter

=== Recurring ===
* Jhansi Kaverappa / Bhavana as Manyatha, Jayashankar's first wife and Charulatha's mother<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/why-is-bhavana-ramanna-being-so-bossy/articleshow/88854518.cms|title=Why is Bhavana Ramanna being so bossy?
|date=13 January 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-jhansi-kaverappa-to-replace-bhavana-ramanna-in-ramachari/articleshow/91660501.cms|title=Actress Jhansi Kaverappa to replace Bhavana Ramanna in 'Ramachari'|date=19 May 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Anjali Sudhakar]] as Janaki, Ramachaari's mother
* Shankar Ashwath as Narayanachaari, Ramachaari's father
* [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as Jayashankar, Charulatha's father<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/mithun-tejasvi-bags-a-prominent-role-in-new-show-ramachari/articleshow/89962254.cms|title=Mithun Tejasvi bags a prominent role in new show Ramachari|date=3 March 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Jayalakshmi as Ajjamma, Narayanachaari's mother, Ramachaari's grandmother.
* Sirija as Sharmila, Jayashankar's second wife and Charulatha's stepmother
* Punitha Gowda as Aparna, Ramachaari's sister-in-law
* Shree Bhavya
* Shruthi Purushottham
* MS Jahangir as Manager of a Business Company
* Sanjeev Jamadar
* Sushmitha
* Latha Girish as Deepa
* Nidhi Gowda
* [[Akshata Deshpande]]
* Bharath Chakravarthy
* Suresh Rai as Ashutosh Agarwal, a businessman
* Shwetha B as Narayana Shastri's Sister
* Puneeth Babu as Shashikanth Deshpande, Police Inspector
* Raji Talikote as Guest Appearance
* Balaraj as Narayana Shastri's sister's husband
* Aishwarya vinay as Vaishaka, Ramachari second sister-in-law

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Ramachaari'' ರಾಮಾಚಾರಿ
| 31 January 2022
| [[Colors Kannada]]
| 28 December 2025
| Original
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Rama Raghav]]'' रमा राघव
| 9 January 2023
| [[Colors Marathi]]
| 27 July 2024
| rowspan="2"| Remake
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''Ramkrishna'' রামকৃষ্ণ
| 10 April 2023
| [[Colors Bangla]]
| 21 July 2024
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries

2026-02-23T09:51:34Z

AryaShah: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|1000 AD book by al-Biruni}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
| image = Chronology_of_Ancient_Nations,_f.162r_miniature.jpg
| image_size =
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| caption = The [[Hadith of the pond of Khumm|Investiture of Ali at Ghadir Khumm]], northern Iraq or northwestern Iran, 1307-08 (Edinburgh University Library, [[:Commons:Category:Al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah - Edinburgh University Library Or Ms 161|MS Or. 161]], fol. 162r).<ref>Plate IV in {{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica IL-KHANIDS |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/il-khanids-iii-book-illustration#prettyPhoto |website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref>
| author =
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| title_orig = کتاب الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية
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'''''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries''''' ({{langx|ar|کتاب الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية|italic=yes}}) ''{{Transliteration|ar|Kitāb al-āthār al-bāqiyah `an al-qurūn al-khāliyah}}'', also known as '''''Chronology of Ancient Nations''''' or '''''Vestiges of the Past''''', after the translation published by [[Eduard Sachau]] in 1879) by [[Al-Biruni|Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]] is a comparative study of the [[calendar|calendrical timekeeping]] of different cultures and civilizations, supported by mathematical, astronomical, and historical research. The text establishes a universal timeline and charts significant historical events, relating the customs and religions of different peoples in time.<ref name="Scheppler-2006">{{Cite book |last=Scheppler |first=Bill |title=Al-Biruni: Master Astronomer and Muslim Scholar of the Eleventh Century |date= 2006 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=1404205128 |edition=ill. |pages=96–98}}</ref>

For centuries after its publication in 1000 AD (AH 390/1), the text served as the standard reference on the history of [[Muslims|Muslim]] territories.<ref name="Scheppler-2006" /> ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' is Al-Biruni's first major work, compiled in [[Gorgan]] when he was in his late twenties, at the court of [[Qabus]], the Ziyarid ruler of Gorgan.<ref name="Seyyed Hossein Nasr 1993 p. 108">Seyyed Hossein Nasr, ''An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines'' (1993), {{ISBN|0-7914-1515-5}}, p. 108.</ref> The text is dedicated to Qabus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahimieh |first=Nasrin |date=1991 |title=Persian Literature, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies, no. 3, New York: The Persian Heritage Foundation; Bibliotheca Persica, 1988, xi + 562 pp. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021086200014675 |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=24 |issue=1–4 |pages=104–105 |doi=10.1017/s0021086200014675 |issn=0021-0862|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Manuscripts==
The ''Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' is preserved in more than twenty manuscripts of which the earliest is Istanbul ms. Beyazit 4667 [= Umumi 4667], dated 603 AH (1206/07 CE).<ref>[https://ismi.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/text/155577 al-Āthār al-bāqiyyah min al-qurūn al-khāliyyah] in [https://ismi.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ Islamic Scientific Manuscripts Initiative]; Jan P. Hogendijk, [https://www.jphogendijk.nl/biruni.html#Chron The Works of Abu Rayhan (al-)Biruni: Chronology] [accessed 23-02-2026].</ref>

===Illuminated manuscripts===
A small number of these manuscripts are also [[illuminated manuscript|illuminated]]: the best known are [[Edinburgh University Library|Edinburgh, University Library]], MS Or. 161 and Paris, [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothèque Nationale de France]], MS Arabe 1489.

The Edinburgh, University Library copy is an [[Ilkhanid]] codex created by [[Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi|Ibn al-Kutbi]] in AH 707 (AD 1307–1308) in northwestern Iran or northern Iraq.<ref>Ms 161: الآثار الباقيه عن القرون الخاليه al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah, 707 A.H., 1307 C.E., Or Ms 161. Manuscripts of the Islamicate World and South Asia, Or Ms . University of Edinburgh Library Heritage Collections. <nowiki>http://lac-archivesspace-live4.is.ed.ac.uk:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/220871</nowiki></ref> It contains 179 folios and 25 paintings.<ref name="Hillenbrand-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Hillenbrand |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=The Edinburgh Biruni Manuscript: A Mirror of Its Time? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24756048 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=26 |issue=1/2 |pages=171–199 |doi=10.1017/S1356186316000018 |jstor=24756048 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Book frontispiece|frontispiece]] and subsequent illustrations are composed in rich color and accented by [[Gold leaf|gold-leaf]]. This manuscript is considered exemplary of the artistry of medieval Persian book painting. There is a mark of recent ownership by R.M. Binning, dated July 4, 1851.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirk |first=Teresa |date=2004–2005 |title=The Edinburgh al-Biruni Manuscript; A Holistic Study of its Design and Images |url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?id=2005884&url=article&download=yes |journal=Persica |volume=20 |pages=39–81|doi=10.2143/PERS.20.0.2005884 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France manuscript is a close [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] copy of the Edinburgh codex. It is both undated and anonymous, in contrast to its Edinburgh prototype. While the complete [[provenance]] is unknown, there are marks of possession by al-Zāʾiraǧī Ramaḍān ibn Muḥammad and Abū Bakr ibn Rustum ibn Aḥmad al-Širwānī.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consultation |url=https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc29459g |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr}}</ref>

[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.48v miniature.jpg|thumb|left|Story of [[Adam and Eve]].]]
The choice and placement of illustrations throughout the text form a larger cycle which emphasizes the interest of the [[Ilkhanids]] in religions other than the predominant Islam.<ref name="Roxburgh-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Roxburgh |first=David |date= 2002|title=Robert Hillenbrand (ed.): ''Persian painting: from the Mongols to the Qajars: studies in honour of Basil W. Robinson''. (Pembroke Persian Papers, 3.) xx, 331 pp. London and New York: I. B. Tauris in association with The Centre of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge, 2000. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x02290072 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=140–262 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x02290072 |issn=0041-977X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Many illustrations show specific episodes related to [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Manichaeism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Judaism]], and [[Christianity]]. Other illustrations show a keen interest in topics of history and science. Similarly located in the manuscript is the account of the birth of [[Julius Caesar]] illustrated with a realistic rendition of a [[cesarean section]], the death of [[Elijah|Eli]] and the reactions of those of the Jewish faith, and an Arab congregation witnessing the [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad's]] spoken word.<ref name="Hillenbrand-2016" />

The framing of the text by the illustrations, lends a political urgency to the cultures of foreign peoples, while still retaining a strong Iranian national sentiment. Ibn al-Kutbi's nationalistic tendencies are evident in his frequent visual reference to personalities featured in the [[Shahnameh|Shahnama]] and those celebrated in Persian history, as well as his illustration of Persian festivals, and evocation of Persian rebellion against foreign powers.<ref name="Hillenbrand-2016" />
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.129v miniature.jpg|thumb|194x194px|Men engaging in prayer (Edinburgh University Library, [[c:Category:Al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah - Edinburgh University Library Or Ms 161|MS Or. 161]], folio 129v)]]
[[File:Al-Hallaj execution-1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Execution of al-Hallaj (Edinburgh University Library, [[c:Category:Al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah - Edinburgh University Library Or Ms 161|MS Or. 161]], folio 94r)]]
The images are kept in a hybrid style between that of pre-Mongol period Persia and the Chinese style introduced with the Mongol invasions.<ref name="Roxburgh-2002" /> Of the twenty-five total images, two are considered purely pre-Mongol in style, nineteen are considered hybrid, but closer to pre-Mongol, and four are considered hybrid, but very nearly post-Mongol.<ref name="Jaber">Jaber, Shady. The Paintings of al-Āthār al-Bāqiya of al-Bīrūnī: A Turning Point in Islamic Visual Representation [master's thesis]. Lebanese American University; 2021. https://laur.lau.edu.lb:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10725/13751/Shady_Jaber_Thesis_Redacted.pdf?sequence=3</ref> Pre-Mongol compositions are characterized by their random placement upon folio paper, whereas hybrid compositions often feature a frame. Pre-Mongol images also are typically standard in their arrangement of figures upon a singular plane. This is distinct from hybrid images which display more complex dimension.<ref name="Jaber" /> The illustrations in ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' additionally exemplify relative cultural nuance due to Al-Biruni's extensive [[Ethnography|ethnographic]] research. Through travel he developed thorough and distinctive descriptions of different ethnic groups. However, these descriptions were further implemented as stereotypes, and any individual who was of a particular ethnicity was made to appear almost identical to any other member of the same group.<ref name="Hillenbrand-2016" />

The [[Shi`ite]] inclination of those responsible for the production is particularly evident in the two concluding images, the largest and most elaborate in the manuscript. These illuminations illustrate two episodes in the life of [[Muhammad]], both centrally involving [[`Ali]], [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]], and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]]: The Day of Cursing (fol. 161r) and The Investiture of `Ali at [[Ghadir Khumm]] (fol. 162r). The Edinburgh manuscript has a total of five images depicting Muhammad, including the first miniature which shows the Prophet as he prohibits [[Nasīʾ]] (fol. 6v).{{sfn|Hillenbrand|2000|page=129{{ndash}}146}} These illuminations are among the earliest depictions of Muhammad in Persian art.
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.88v miniature.jpg|thumb|259x259px|[[Abraham]] destroying the idols of the [[Sabians]] (Edinburgh University Library, [[c:Category:Al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah - Edinburgh University Library Or Ms 161|MS Or. 161]], folio 88v)]]
One particular illumination depicting [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]] destroying the idols of the [[Sabians]] has sparked significant discourse over [[iconoclasm]] in the context of Islamic figural representations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roxburgh |first=David J. |date=2009 |title=Concepts of the Portrait in Islamic Lands, c. 1300–1600 |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/droxburgh/files/roxburgh_concepts_of_portrait.pdf |journal=Yale University Press |pages=3–4 |via=Harvard University}}</ref>

==Content==
In ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'', al-Biruni expresses his ideas regarding the philosophy and methodologies of history, especially through a scientific lens. He begins with an introduction establishing the relevance of history, geography, and the interconnectedness of civilizations. He proposes the need for studying different cultures and civilizations to gain a broader understanding of the world. In doing so, he defends the legitimacy of his work.<ref name="Khan">M. S. Khan (1976). "al-Biruni and the Political History of India", ''Oriens'' '''25''', pp. 86–115.</ref>[[Image:Maome.jpg|thumb|upright 1.25|Muhammad prohibiting Nasīʾ ([[sura 9]]:36f.), fol. 5v. of the 17th century copy ([[:Commons:Category:Al-Āṯār al-bāqiya ʿan al-qurūn al-ẖāliya (BNF MS Arabe 1489)|MS Arabe 1489]]), corresponding to fol. 6v of the Edinburgh codex.{{sfn|Hillenbrand|2000|page=129–146}} ]]''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' presents a chronological account of historical events, focusing on the rise and fall of civilizations, dynasties, and empires. Al-Bīrūnī covers ancient civilizations such as the [[Greeks]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Persians]], and [[India]]ns, among others. His approach to history is analytical and comparative, examining the causes and effects of historical events. He specifically references the birth and death of the [[Caliph]]s, [[Shia Imam]]s, [[Fatimah]] (daughter of Muhammad) and [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]] (Muhammad's wife).<ref>''The Chronology of Ancient Nations'', transl. Edward Sachau. London, 1879, pp. 325–334.</ref> Historical understanding is further supplemented by analysis of the cultural practices, customs, and traditions of these societies and individuals. Al-Bīrūnī explores topics like religion, language, art, and science, highlighting the diversity and richness of human culture.<ref name="Seyyed Hossein Nasr 1993 p. 108" />
[[File:AzerbazkanBiruni.JPG|thumb|Mathematical Sketch drawn from ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' (Edinburgh University Library, [[c:Category:Al-Āthār al-bāqiyah ‘an al-qurūn al-khāliyah - Edinburgh University Library Or Ms 161|MS Or. 161]], folio vii)]]
Al-Bīrūnī was a [[polymath]] with an interest in science and astronomy. In ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries,'' he gives an overview of the most significant scientific theories, astronomical observations, and mathematical concepts of his time.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sardar |first=Ziauddin |date= |title=Islamic Science - Al-Biruni Commemorative Volume. Proceedings of the International Congress held in Pakistan on the Occasion of Millenary of Abu Raihan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (c 973–1051 AD), November 26 1973 thru' December 12 1973. Ed. By Hakim Mohammed Said, Karachi: Hamdard National Foundation, 1979. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400018756 |journal=The British Journal for the History of Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=285–286 |doi=10.1017/s0007087400018756 |issn=0007-0874|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Discussing the [[astrolabe]], al-Biruni considers the [[orthographic projection|orthographic]] [[cylindrical projection]] as his own invention, expanding upon the work of [[Al-Saghani]].<ref>Boris Abramovich Rozenfelʹd, ''A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry'', trans. Abe Shenitzer, Springer (1988), {{ISBN|0-387-96458-4}}, p. 127.</ref> He also describes two novel projections he has created, which are nowadays called the [[Azimuthal equidistant projection|azimuthal equidistant]] and the [[Nicolosi globular projection|Nicolosi globular]].<ref>{{Cite journal| pages = 287–294| last = Fiorini| first = M.| title = Le proiezioni cartografiche di Albiruni| journal = Bollettino della Società geografica italiana| date = April 1891}}</ref> He integrates this scientific knowledge with historical and cultural insights.

A unique aspect of the book is Al-Bīrūnī's [[Methodology|methodological]] approach to the formation of an established historical account. He emphasizes the importance of [[Empiricism|empirical observation]], [[critical analysis]], and [[Cross-cultural communication|cross-cultural]] comparison. His rigorous methodology sets a precedent for later scholars in the fields of history, geography, and anthropology.<ref name="Scheppler-2006" />

==Editions==
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=450|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=
| image1 = Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.96v miniature.jpg
| caption1 =14th century miniature (Or Ms 161)
| image2 = Chronology of Ancient Nations BNF 87r (detail).jpg
| caption2 =17th century miniature (Arabe 1489)
| footer=Comparison between the two versions of ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries''
}}
* [[Eduard Sachau|C. Eduard Sachau]] (ed.), ''Chronologie orientalischer Völker von Alberuni'', Leipzig 1878 ([https://archive.org/details/chronologieorie00sachgoog Internet Archive link]), reprinted Leipzig 1923, Baghdad 1963.
* C. Eduard Sachau (transl.), ''The Chronology of Ancient Nations: An English Version of the Arabic Text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or 'Vestiges of the Past', Collected and Reduced ... by the Author in A. H. 390–1, A. D. 1000 '', London 1879 ([https://archive.org/details/chronologyofanci00biru Internet Archive link]).
** 1969 reprint: Minerva-Verlag; Unverand edition.
** 1984 reprint: Aristide D Caratzas Pub. {{ISBN|978-0-89241-178-8}}.
** 2002 reprint: Adamant Media Corporation, {{ISBN|978-1-4021-6079-0}}.
** 2004 reprint: Kessinger Publishing, {{ISBN|0-7661-8908-2}}.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|first=Robert |last= Hillenbrand | section = Images of Muhammad in al-Biruni's Chronology of Ancient Nations.' | title=Persian Painting from the Mongols to the Qajars: Studies in Honour of Basil W. Robinson | editor= Hillenbrand | series = Pembroke Persian Papers, 3. | location = London and New York | publisher= [[I. B. Tauris]] in association with the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies, [[University of Cambridge]] |date= 2000 }}
* {{cite book| first= Priscilla P. |last = Soucek | section = An Illustrated Manuscript of al-Biruni's Chronology of Ancient Nations |title= The Scholar and the Saint: Studies in Commemoration of Abul-Rayhan al-Biruni and Jalal al-Din al-Rumi | editor = Peter J. Chelkowski | location= New York | publisher = Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, [[New York University Press]] | date= 1975 }}
* {{cite book| first= Sheila S. | last= Blair | title=The Development of the Illustrated Book in Iran | publisher= Muqarnas | date= 1993}}
* {{cite book| first =G. | last=Saliba | section=Al-Biruni and the sciences of his time | title=Religion, Learning and Science in the 'Abbasid Period | publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] | date=2006 |isbn=0-521-02887-6 | page=316 }}
* {{cite book| first=J. F. P. | last= Hopkins | section = Geographical and navigational literature | title= Religion, Learning and Science in the 'Abbasid Period | publisher = Cambridge University Press | date=2006 |isbn=0-521-02887-6 | pages=405–423 }}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries|''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries''}}
{{Arabic manuscripts}}
{{Astronomy in medieval Islam}}
{{Depictions of Muhammad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Remaining Signs Of Past Centuries, The}}
[[Category:Al-Biruni]]
[[Category:Islamic calendar]]
[[Category:Persian art]]
[[Category:Scientific illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Illuminated histories]]
[[Category:Islamic illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:1000 books]]
[[Category:10th-century Arabic-language books]]

M. Ct. Muthiah

2026-02-08T11:55:41Z

AryaShah: starting the details basic info.

{{Short description|Indian industrialist and banker (1929–2006)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Muthiah|Muthiah Chidambaram}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{infobox person
| name = M. Ct. Muthaiah
| birth_name = Muthaiah Chidambaram Muthaiah
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|10|19|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2006|09|18|1929|10|19}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[The Doon School|The Doon School, Dehradun]]|[[University of Allahabad]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Banker|Industrialist|Philanthropist}}
| parents = {{ubl|[[M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar]]|C. Valliammai Achi}}
| relatives = M. Ct. Pethachi (Brother)
}}

'''Muthiah Chidambaram Muthiah''' (19 October 1929 – 18 September 2006) was an Indian industrialist, banker and philanthropist who served as the Chairman of the [[Indian Overseas Bank]] from 1954 to 1969.<ref name=h/>

== Early life ==

Muthiah was born on 19 October 1929 to industrialist [[M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar]] and C. Valliammai Achi. He had his schooling at [[The Doon School|The Doon School, Dehradun]] and graduated from [[University of Allahabad]]. Muthiah did his M.B.A. in Chicago. Muthiah has a younger brother M. Ct. Pethachi.

== Career ==

Muthiah took over the family business in 1954 on the early death of his father in an aeroplane crash. Muthiah served as the Chairman of the Indian Overseas Bank from 1954 until its nationalisation in 1969. He also served as the Chairman of the United Fire and General Insurance company and was President of the [[Southern Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry]]. Muthiah also served as President of the Andhra Pradesh State Finance Corporation and was one of the directors of [[Indian Bank]].

==Trustee==
He was president of the Trust Boards that run the M.Ct.M. Boys and Lady M.Ct. M. Girls Schools, besides Sir M.Ct. Trust Centenary School.<ref name=h>{{cite news|title=M. Ct. Muthiah passes away|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/19/stories/2006091918651100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426200941/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/19/stories/2006091918651100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2014|date=19 September 2006}}</ref>

== Death ==

Muthiah died in his sleep on 18 September 2006 due to a heart disease.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muthiah, M. Ct.}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]

Manpur (community development block)

2026-01-20T22:10:09Z

AryaShah: starting some post needs work

{{Short description|Community development block in Gaya district, Bihar, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manpur
| other_name = Manpur
| nickname = Manchester of Eastern India
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Manpur junction rail station IMG 20200208 092706.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Manpur junction railway station
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.82|N|85.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gaya District|Gaya]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation]]
| | governing_body = [[Nagar Palika]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Magadhi/magahi language|Magadhi/magahi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 823003
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0631
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Gaya
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Gaya Town
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Gaya Town, Wazirganj
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''<big>Manpur</big>''' is a block in [[Gaya District]], [[India]]. The town is known for its [[Loom#handloom|handloom]] and [[railroad tie]] factory. It is situated on the banks of the [[Phalgu]] river. It is a country town where the people from the remote villages do their shopping. The main market is known as Manpur Bazaar. The main occupation of the people are business and [[Loom|handloom]] weaving Weaving of clothes through hand loom and power loom is done mainly in [[Patwatoli]].

[[Patwatoli]], a muhalla in Manpur, has produced many IITians almost 20 each year [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] and about every house has an engineer. Now these days, students are opting other streams too like Law, [[Civil Services Examination (India)|UPSC]], SSC, Medical etc. Due to higher education in Patwatoli, [[child marriage]] is about to end and girls are also going out for higher education.<ref name="news">{{cite web |title= Tradition alive and kicking |work= The Telegraph |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110526/jsp/bihar/story_14029419.jsp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140819082700/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110526/jsp/bihar/story_14029419.jsp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 19 August 2014 |accessdate= 26 May 2011}}</ref>

==History==
There is also a very ancient temple of Lord Sun in Manpur named as Surya Temple, which is situated on the bank of a pond. The Surya Temple was established around 400 years ago by Raja [[Man Singh I|Man Singh]], an army chief of the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] as well as king of [[Amer, India|Amer]]. Raja Man Singh, during his campaign to quell Bengal riots, established Manpur; that's why it is named as Man-pur. Patwatoli, near the Shiv Mandir, Sri Ram Nagar, Durga Asthan and Shivcharan Lane, has the highest number of power looms installed. There are almost 5000- 8000 power looms set up.

Manpur is also famous for Diwali and almost hundreds of statues of Goddess Lakshmi, Lord Ganesha and Goddess Saraswati are worshipped and decorated on the occasion of [[Diwali]]. People from all over Manpur as well as [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] town come out of their houses in Diwali to see the very well decorated statues. On 2nd day of Diwali people roam around the patwatoli for Pandal Hopping.

==Transport==
Manpur is connected by train with various cities of Bihar. The nearest big station is [[Gaya Junction railway station|Gaya junction]]. Nearest two station namely [[Manpur Junction railway station|Manpur Junction]] and [[Shaheed Ishwar Chowdhary Halt railway station]] is situated on [[Gaya–Kiul line]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rehman|first=Abdul|title=Manpur Railway Station Map/Atlas ECR/East Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/manpur-junction-mpo/4396|access-date=2021-04-02|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Gaya district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Gaya district]]

{{Gaya-geo-stub}}

Niranjan Roy

2026-01-05T19:31:30Z

AryaShah: new a info.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Niranjan Roy''' is an Indian politician. He is a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gaighat Assembly constituency|Gaighat constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Gaighat Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Niranjan Roy of RJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gaighat-election-result-2020-live-updates-gaighat-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061940.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Gaighat, Sakra, Aurai, Bochahan, Kurhani, Muzaffarpur updates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bihar-election/bihar-election-2020-result-updates-for-gaighat-sakra-aurai-bochahan-kurhani-and-muzaffarpur/story-GJQ0M3La9e0onyNWQzI51O.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Niranjan}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

G. Konduru mandal

2026-01-02T17:07:53Z

AryaShah: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gaddamanugu Konduru mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = G. Konduru mandal
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mandal map of NTR district
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.7638|N|80.6382 |E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[NTR district|NTR]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Konduru, G. Konduru mandal|Konduru]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Mandal Parishad]]
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 57693
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521 XXX
| registration_plate = AP 16
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Gaddamanugu Konduru mandal''', commonly known as '''G. Konduru mandal''', is one of the 20 [[mandal]]s in the [[NTR district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was used to be a part of [[Krishna district]] and was reorganized to be a part of newly formed NTR district on 4 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/district/133-krishna-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Census 2011 Krishna district|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boda |first=Tharun |date=2022-04-03 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Govt. notifies NTR, Krishna districts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-govt-notifies-ntr-krishna-districts/article65287291.ece |access-date=2022-04-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Villages ==
List of Villages in G Konduru

# Atukuru
# Bhimavarappadu
# Chegireddipadu
# [[Cheruvu Madhavaram]]
# Chevuturu
# Duggiralapadu
# Gaddamanugu
# Ganginenipalem
# Gurrajupalem
# Haveli Mutyalampadu
# Kadimpothavaram
# Kandulapadu
# Kavuluru
# Koduru
# [[Konduru, G. Konduru mandal|Konduru]]
# Kuntamukkala
# Loya
# Munagapadu
# Nandigama
# Narasayagudem
# Petrampadu
# Pinapaka
# Sunnampadu
# Telladevarapadu
# Velagaleru
# Vellaturu
# Venkatapuram

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{NTR district}}
[[Category:Mandals in NTR district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Tirunelveli–Jamnagar Express

2025-12-19T08:09:01Z

AryaShah: new

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 000080
| name = Tirunelveli–Jamnagar Express
| image = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] & [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first = * {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|03|30}} (Inaugural) 
* {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|03|31}} (extended upto {{rws|Jamnagar}})<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/train-services-extended/article17661838.ece|title=Extended to Jamnagar|access-date=25 March 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 March 2017 }}</ref>
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli]] (TEN)
| stops = 29
| end = [[Jamnagar railway station|Jamnagar]] (JAM)
| distance = {{convert|2434|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 44 hrs 45 mins
| frequency = Bi-weekly
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| sharing = Rake sharing with 22907/22908 [[Madgaon-Hapa Superfast Express]]
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 19577 / 19578
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:(Hapa - Tirunelveli) Express Route map.jpg|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 19577 / 19578 '''Tirunelveli–Jamnagar Express''' is an express train operated by [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}} and {{rws|Jamnagar}} in India. It is currently being operated with 19577/19578 train numbers on bi-weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/hapatirunelveli-train-to-run-twice-a-week/| title=Hapa-Tirunelveli train to run twice a week| website=Indian Express| date=28 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/22353| title=19577/Tirunelveli - Jamnagar Express (PT)| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/22354| title=19578/Jamnagar - Tirunelveli Express (PT)| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

It operates as train number 19577 from {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}} to {{rws|Jamnagar}} and as train number 19578 from {{rws|Jamnagar}} to {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}}.

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 130 kmph. The train consists of 24 coaches :

* 2 AC II Tier
* 4 AC III Tier
* 2 AC III Tier Economy
* 9 Sleeper Class
*1 Pantry Car
* 4 General
* 1 Generator Car
* 1 Seating cum Luggage Rake

==Service==

The 19577/Tirunelveli–Jamnagar Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2434 km in 44 hrs 25 mins.

The 19578/Jamnagar–Tirunelveli Express has an average speed of 54 km/h and covers 2434 km in 45 hrs 00 mins.

==Route & halts==

The 19577/19578 '''Tirunelveli–Jamnagar Express''' runs from Tirunelveli Junction via
Valliyoor
{{rws|Nagercoil Town}},{{rws|Parassala}},
{{rws|Thiruvananthapuram Central}}, {{rws|Kollam Junction}}, {{rws|Alappuzha}}, {{rws|Ernakulam Junction}}, {{rws|Shoranur Junction}}, {{rws|Mangaluru Junction}}, {{rws|Madgaon Junction}}, {{rws|Ratnagiri}}, {{rws|Panvel}}, {{rws|Vasai Road}}, {{rws|Vadodara Junction}}, {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}, {{rws|Surendranagar Junction}}, {{rws|Rajkot Junction}} to Jamnagar.

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 19577 || TEN || Tirunelveli || 08:00 AM || Mon, Tue || Jamnagar || 04:25 AM || Wed, Thu
|-
| 19578 || JAM || Jamnagar || 21:20 PM || Fri, Sat || Tirunelveli || 18:20 PM || Sun, Mon
|}

==Traction==

It is now hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-5]] / [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

==Rake sharing==
The train shares its rake with 22907 / 22908 [[Madgaon-Hapa Superfast Express]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirunelveli-Jamnagar Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Jamnagar]]
[[Category:Transport in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Goa]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]

Varuthini Ekadashi

2025-12-18T11:57:21Z

AryaShah: page

{{Reliable sources|date=September 2023}}{{Short description|Hindu holy day}}
{{Infobox holiday |
|holiday_name= Varuthini Ekadashi
|image=Indian - Dwarf Form of Vishnu - Walters 25260.jpg
|caption= [[Vamana]] is worshipped on Varuthini Ekadashi
|nickname= Baruthani Ekadashi
|observedby=[[Hindu]]s
|date=Dark Half of the [[lunar calendar]] month of [[Chaitra]] or [[Vaisakhi]]
|observances=Prayers and religious rituals, including [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] to the god [[Vishnu]]
|type=Hindu
|significance=Fasting day
|date2016= 3 May <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Varuthini-Ekadashi/Index.aspx |title=Varuthini Ekadashi 2016, Baruthani Ekadashi, Ekadashi in 2016 |access-date=2016-04-22 |archive-date=2016-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506002841/http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Varuthini-Ekadashi/Index.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|date2017= 22 April<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://calendar-panchang.com/2017-marathi-calendar-panchang/1/|title=2017 Marathi Calendar Panchang|access-date=12 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026181539/http://calendar-panchang.com/2017-marathi-calendar-panchang/1/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|frequency=annual
}}

'''Varuthini Ekadashi''', also known '''Baruthani Ekadashi''', is a [[Hindu festival|Hindu holy day]], which falls on the 11th lunar day ([[ekadashi]]) of the fortnight of the waning moon in the [[Hindu month]] of [[Chaitra]] (per the South Indian ''Amavasyant'' calendar, every month ends with a new moon) or [[Vaishakha]] (per the North Indian ''Purnimant'' calendar, every month ends with a full moon). By both schemes, Varuthini Ekadashi falls on the same day in April or May.{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2006|p=148–149}} [[Vamana]], the fifth avatar of [[Vishnu]], is revered.{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}}

==Significance==
The greatness about Varuthini Ekadashi is narrated by the Hindu deity, [[Krishna]], to King [[Yudhishthira]] in the ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]''. "''Baruthini''", means "armored" or "protected." Thus, those who observe this ekadashi are protected from evil and given good fortune.{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}} King Mandata was enlightened. The [[Ikshvaku]] king Dhundhumara was freed was from a curse by the god [[Shiva]]. All human beings are assured of prosperity in this life and the next. In the order of donations made on this day, the order of superior benefits are derived in the ascending order of benefits given namely, a horse, an elephant, land, sesame seeds, food grains, gold and cows and finally the highest benefit would be achieved by sharing one's knowledge with others. All such charitable actions would please one's ancestors, the gods and all living entities.<ref name="Iskcon">{{Cite web|url=http://harekrishnacalendar.com/vaishnava-calendar/varuthini-ekadashi-2016/|title=Varuthini Ekadashi|date=24 August 2012|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=Iskon Desire Tree|archive-date=15 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515020510/http://harekrishnacalendar.com/vaishnava-calendar/varuthini-ekadashi-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="iskcon">{{cite web | url=http://www.hknet.org.nz/ekadasi-11.htm | title=VarUthinii EkAdasii | publisher=ISKCON | access-date=November 28, 2012 | archive-date=February 7, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207144943/http://hknet.org.nz/ekadasi-11.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Practices==
On Varuthini Ekadashi, certain rules are prescribed to be followed strictly. One should keep an all-night vigil, praying to God, singing [[bhajan|devotional songs]] and hymns in the company of family members. One should not indulge in gambling, sports, sleep, anger, robbery, lying, being narrow minded, brushing one's teeth, exercise, shaving one's head, face or body, smearing oil on one's body and saying something bad about others. One should abstain from violence and any sexual activity.{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2006|p=148–149}}{{Sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}}<ref name=Iskcon/>

One should observe a fast (''upavasa'') and have only one meal.{{Sfn| Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}} One should not eat meat, [[black gram]], [[red lentil]], chickpea, honey, [[betel nut]], [[paan]] (betel nut leaves) and spinach. Eating in [[bell metal]] utensils and eating in someone else's house is prohibited.<ref name="Iskcon"/> The ''Havishyanna'' food (boiled food without spices, salt and oil) offered to the [[yajna]] (fire sacrifice) on the previous day (10th lunar day - ''Dashami'') should be consumed by the people observing this fast.<ref name="iskcon"/>{{Sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}}{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2006|p=148–149}}

Following all these rules on Varuthini Ekadashi is believed to usher prosperity, name and fame to the individual in the society.{{Sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=87}}{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2006|p=148–149}}

==References==
<references>
Varuthini Ekadashi 2021
</references>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last= Lochtefeld |first= James G.|title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|year=2002|publisher= ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781598842050}}
*{{cite book|last= Dwivedi |first= Dr. Bhojraj |title= Religious Basis Of Hindu Beliefs|year=2006|publisher= Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=9788128812392|pages=148–149}}

[[Category:Ekadashi]]
[[Category:Hindu holy days]]

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]

[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:May observances]]

Ethnic groups in Tamil Nadu

2025-12-17T10:21:05Z

AryaShah: new new post...

{{Short description|none}}
{{one source|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

'''Tamil Nadu''' is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is [[Chennai]] (formerly known as [[Madras Presidency|Madras]]). [[Tamil Nadu]] lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the [[States and union territories of India|States]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the tenth-largest state in India and the seventh most populous state.

As of 2001 census, [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is spoken as the first language by 88.59% of the population followed by [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by 5.65 percent, [[Kannada]] by 2.68 percent, [[Urdu]] by 1.51 per cent, [[Hindi]] by 0.64 percent, [[Malayalam]] by 0.89 percent, [[Marathi language|Marathi]] by 0.1 percent and [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] by 0.1 percent.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web |title=Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues –2001 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx |publisher=Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120145914/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx |archive-date=20 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm|title=Census of India – DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE|date=|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=2016-12-01}}</ref>

==Tamil people==
{{main|Tamil people}}

The Tamils are an ethnolinguistic group. Tamilians are living in Tamil Nadu. According to the 2011 census, they number 69 million in the state of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in"/>

Tamils are native to [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[South India]], and northern and eastern [[Sri Lanka]].

Native speakers of Tamil make up 89.43% of the total population of Tamil Nadu and 6.32% of the total population of India making it the fifth-most spoken language in the country.

==Telugu people==
{{main|Telugu people}}

The [[Telugu people]] or [[Telugu people|Telugu]] are also a Dravidian ethnic group of India. They are the native speakers of the [[Telugu language]]. According to Census of India, Telugu language has 74 million speakers making it as the third largest spoken language in India after [[Hindi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name="censusindia.gov.in"/> They are native to the [[South Indian]] states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. Telugu is also the most widely spoken language in [[South India]]. In Tamil Nadu, they are found in [[Chennai]], [[Madurai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Dindigul]], [[Virudhunagar]], [[Sivakasi]], [[Thiruvannamalai]], [[Vellore]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Tuticorin]], [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Salem district|Salem]], [[Erode]], [[Karur]], [[Namakkal]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Tiruppur]], [[Theni]], [[Perambalur]] and [[Ariyalur]] districts.

According to the [[2001 Census of India|2001 census]], Telugu is spoken by 5.65% of the population of [[Tamil Nadu]], making it the second-most spoken language in the state.

==Kannada people==
{{main|Kannada people}}

[[Kannada]] is a language belonging to the Dravidian family. Kannada-speakers are native to [[Karnataka]], located north-west of Tamil Nadu.

Kannada is the third-most spoken language in Tamil Nadu followed by 2.8%. There are more than 20 lakhs Kannadigas in Tamil Nadu. The recent migrants from Karnataka speak Kannada, while the older migrants are bilingual in both Kannada and Tamil.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
[[File:Tamil_Nadu_Literacy_Map_2011.png|thumb|200px|District level literacy (2011 data)]]

The presence of Kannada-speaking people in Tamil Nadu is seen since 7th century, various Kannada kingdoms like [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Gangas]], [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta]], [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] and [[Vijaynagara]] made portions of modern Tamil Nadu as their dominions, especially the [[Kongu Nadu]] region. Kannada rulers of [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire]] played a major role in the politics of Tamil-country from being [[Kanchi]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Srirangam]] as their capital from the beginning of 8th century to the end of the Vijayanagara Empire, especially during the period of Islamic invasions in south the rulers Hoysala and the Vijayanagara played a major role in protecting the Hindu shrines of Tamil Nadu from northern invasions in south<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aiyangar |first1=Krishnaswami |title=South India and her Muhammadan invaders |year=1921 |page=8 |url=https://archive.org/details/southindiahermuh00krisuoft/page/n7/mode/2up}}</ref>

They are largely found in the districts of [[Virudhunagar district|Viruthunagar]], [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Salem district|Salem]], [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]], [[Erode district|and Erode]], and [[Krishnagiri district]] especially Hosur bordering Karnataka, According to the 1971 census, among metropolitan areas, [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] had the largest Kannada-speaking population.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Malayali people==
{{main|Malayali people}}

Malayalikal are the native speakers of [[Malayalam language]], which has official status in the state of [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref name="Malayali">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mal|title=Malayalam|work=Ethnologue|accessdate=2007-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_pondicherry.php|title=Principal languages of Pondicherry|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Malayalam is spoken by 0.89% of the total population of Tamil Nadu. Native speakers of Malayalam are mostly concentrated in the western districts of [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]], [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]], [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] and [[Theni district|Theni]]. In 1971, among metropolitan areas, Coimbatore had the largest Malayalam-speaking population.

==Badaga people==
{{main|Badaga people}}

The Badagas are the speakers of the [[Badaga language|Badagu]] language. They are referred to as the first amongst the primitive tribes of the Nilgiris District by the colonial British rulers. The Nilgiris and the Badagas have a uniqueness. The Badaga language has no script of its own, similar to other non-lettered languages spoken in the Nilgiris by other tribal groups such as the [[Toda people|Todas]], [[Kota people (India)|Kotas]] and [[Kuruba|Kurumbas]]. The Badaga language was the language of communication between these tribal groups. The Badagas are the dominant tribal group and dominant land owners of the Nilgiris and possess a unique culture and attire. Almost all places in the [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris District]] derive their name from the Badaga language. The Badgas worship Hethaiamman and Hiriyodiyya.

==Marathi people==
{{main|Marathi people}}
{{See also|Thanjavur Marathi (people)}}

[[Marathi people|Marathis]] or Maharashtrians are an ethnolinguistic group who speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. They are native to the state of Maharashtra in western India.

As per the 2001 census, Marathi-speakers constitute a little over 0.1% of the total population of Tamil Nadu. They consist mostly of the [[Thanjavur Marathi (people)|Thanjavur Marathi]] people who inhabit the Cauvery Delta region and immigrants who settled in northern Tamil Nadu during the Maratha occupation of [[Gingee]]. Native-speakers of Marathi are mainly found in [[Thanjavur]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Chennai]], [[Krishnagiri]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Vellore]]. Having lived for centuries in Tamil Nadu, the Thanjavur Marathi people are proficient in Tamil.

==Saurashtra people==
{{main|Saurashtra people}}

[[Saurashtra people|Saurashtrians]] are an [[Ethnolinguistic group|ethnolinguistic]] group of people who speak the [[Saurashtra language]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/saz|title=Saurashtra|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], residing in the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]].

[[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]], once spoken in the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra region]] of [[Gujarat]], is spoken today chiefly by a small population of [[Saurashtra people|Saurashtrians]] settled in parts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. With the Saurashtrian language being the only [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] employing a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian script]] and is heavily influenced by the [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] languages such as [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. However, Census of India places the language under [[Gujarati languages|Gujarati]]. Official figures show the number of speakers of [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] as 185,420 in [[Tamil Nadu]] (2001 census). [[Madurai]] in the southern part of [[Tamil Nadu]] has the highest number of Saurashtrians. They are also present in significant numbers in [[Ambur]], [[Ammapettai, Thanjavur|Ammapettai]], [[Ammaiyappan|Ammayappan]], [[Aranthangi]], [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arni]], [[Ayyampettai, Thanjavur|Ayyampettai]], [[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu|Bhuvanagiri]], [[Chennai]], [[Darasuram|Dharasuram]], [[Dindigul]], [[Erode]], [[Kanchipuram|Kancheepuram]], [[Kanyakumari]], [[Karaikudi]], [[Kottar]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Namakkal]], [[Nilakkottai|Nilakottai]], [[Palani]], [[Palayamkottai]], [[Paramakudi]], [[Parambur]], [[Periyakulam]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Pudukkottai]], [[Rajapalayam]], [[Ramanathapuram]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Thirubuvanam, Thanjavur|Thirubhuvanam]], [[Thiruvaiyaru]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Thuvarankurichi]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Vaniyambadi]], [[Veeravanallur|Veeravanalur]], Vellanguli, [[Vellore]], [[Madurai]], [[Tiruppur]] and [[Walajapet]].

==Other ethnic groups==
Some of the smaller ethnic groups who reside in Tamil Nadu are the [[Tuluvas]], [[Marwaris]], [[Gujaratis]], [[Sindhis]], [[Punjabis]] and [[Biharis]]. [[Sikhs]] from the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] from [[Rajasthan]] are found in fairly appreciable numbers in the cities of [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Madurai]], [[Tirunelveli]]. The city of Coimbatore has a significant population of [[Konkani people|Konkani]]-speaking [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins]] who had migrated from [[Karnataka]]. Tamil Nadu also has a population of about 300 [[Zoroastrians]] most of whom reside in the neighbourhood of [[Royapuram]] in Chennai.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethnic Groups Of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623

2025-12-07T16:58:08Z

AryaShah: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|2022 resolution for an emergency meeting on the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{Infobox UN resolution
| number = 2623
| organ = SC
| date = 27 February
| year = 2022
| meeting = 8,980
| code = S/RES/2623
| document = https://undocs.org/S/RES/2623(2022)
| for = 11
| abstention = 3
| against = 1
| subject = Maintenance of peace and security in [[Ukraine]]
| result = Adopted
| image = Житловий будинок на вул. Лобановського, 6-А після обстрілу.jpg
| caption = Apartment block in Kyiv (Valeriy Lobanovskyi Avenue) struck by a missile, 26 February
}}
The '''United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623''' called for the [[eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly]] on the subject of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=|first1=|last2=|first2=|title=U.N. Security Council calls rare General Assembly session on Ukraine|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/un-security-council-calls-rare-general-assembly-session-ukraine-2022-02-27/|accessdate=28 February 2022|work=Reuters|date=28 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227223321/https://www.reuters.com/world/un-security-council-calls-rare-general-assembly-session-ukraine-2022-02-27/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/|title=United Nations Security Council|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=6 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906225728/https://www.un.org/securitycouncil//|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Albania]] and the [[United States]] introduced the resolution before the [[United Nations Security Council]], which adopted it on 27 February 2022.<ref name="Lederer">{{cite news|last=Lederer|first=Edith M.|title=UN to hold 2 meetings Monday on Russia's invasion of Ukraine|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hold-meetings-monday-russias-invasion-ukraine-83150640|agency=ABC News|date=28 February 2022|access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Falk">{{cite news|last=Falk|first=Pamela|title=U.N. General Assembly emergency session hears overwhelming global support for Ukraine|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/united-nations-general-assembly-ukraine-russia-emergency-session/|agency=CBS News|date=28 February 2022|access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> [[Russia]] voted against while [[China]], [[India]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] abstained. As this was a procedural resolution, no permanent member could exercise their [[United Nations Security Council veto power|veto power]].
The [[Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly|eleventh ESS]] has been 'adjourned' and 'resumed' on numerous occasions over the past several years, and remains temporarily adjourned. Indeed, more than twenty separate 'plenary meetings' have been held by the Assembly, whilst sitting in the eleventh ESS, since 2022.

==Basis==

[[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377]],<ref name="UN_ARES377V">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-377(V) |type=Resolution| body=General Assembly |accessdate=2007-09-21|date=3 November 1950}}</ref> the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, adopted 3 November 1950, states that in any cases where the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]], because of a lack of unanimity among its five [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent members]] (P5), fails to act as required to maintain international peace and security, the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] shall consider the matter immediately and may issue appropriate recommendations to UN members for collective measures, including the use of armed force when necessary, in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Resolution 2623 was the 13th time the Uniting for Peace resolution has been invoked to call an emergency session of the General Assembly, including the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377#Invocation of General Assembly Resolution 377|8th such invocation by the Security Council]].

== Result ==
The [[Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly|eleventh emergency special session of the UNGA]] convened several times and passed the following resolutions:

* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1|Resolution ES-11/1]] "Aggression against Ukraine", March 2, 2022, 141–5–35 (for–against–abstained)
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2|Resolution ES-11/2]] "Humanitarian consequences of the aggression against Ukraine", March 24, 2022, 140–5–38
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3|Resolution ES-11/3]] "Suspension of the rights of membership of the Russian Federation in the Human Rights Council", April 7, 2022, 93–24–58
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4|Resolution ES-11/4]] "Territorial integrity of Ukraine: defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations", 12 October, 2022, 143–5–35
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5|Resolution ES-11/5]] "Furtherance of remedy and reparation for aggression against Ukraine", 14 November, 2022, 95–14–73
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6|Resolution ES-11/6]] "Principles of the Charter of the United Nations underlying a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine", 2 March, 2023, 141-7-32 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4003921?ln=en | title=Principles of the Charter of the United Nations underlying a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine :: Resolution /: Adopted by the General Assembly | date=23 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4004933?ln=en | title=Principles of the Charter of the United Nations underlying a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine :: Resolution /: Adopted by the General Assembly | date=2 March 2023 }}</ref>
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/7]], February 24, 2025
* [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/8]], February 24, 2025

==Voting==
Voting took place both in the General Assembly and in the Security Council.

=== Security Council ===
{{See also|United Nations Security Council}}
There are 15 voting members present for the Security Council meeting that occurred on 27 February 2022. Eleven members approved, only one opposed, and three members abstained.<ref>{{cite web |title=S/RES/2623 (2022) |url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/2623(2022) |publisher=United Nations Security Council |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227220149/https://undocs.org/S/RES/2623%282022%29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class=wikitable
! width="33%" | Approved (11) !! width="34%" | Abstained (3) !! width="33%" | Opposed (1)
|- valign=top
|
*{{flagcountry|ALB}}
*{{flagcountry|BRA}}
*'''{{flagcountry|FRA}}'''
*{{flagcountry|GAB}}
*{{flagcountry|GHA}}
*{{flagcountry|IRL}}
*{{flagcountry|KEN}}
*{{flagcountry|MEX}}
*{{flagcountry|NOR}}
*'''{{flagcountry|UK}}'''
*'''{{flagcountry|USA}}'''
|
*'''{{flagcountry|CHN}}'''
*{{flagcountry|IND}}
*{{flagcountry|UAE}}
|
*'''{{flagcountry|RUS}}'''
|}

''Permanent members of the Security Council are shown in bold''.

The emergency special session was called as a result and met on 28 February 2022.

==See also==
{{Portal|Ukraine}}
* [[Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly]]
* [[Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
* [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166]] (2014)
* [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2601 to 2700]] (2021–2023)
* [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2774]] (2025)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikisource}}
*[https://undocs.org/S/RES/2623(2022) Text of the Resolution at undocs.org]

{{UNSCR 2022}}
{{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

[[Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Russo-Ukrainian war]]
[[Category:2022 United Nations Security Council resolutions| 2623]]
[[Category:February 2022]]
[[Category:2022 in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:2022 in Russia]]
[[Category:Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]

Department of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs

2025-12-06T00:54:45Z

AryaShah: new new page...

{{Short description|Indian governing body regulating food and civil supplies}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}{{Infobox government agency
| name = Department of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.png
| minister1_name = [[G. R. Anil]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Food, Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs & Legal Metrology
| chief1_name = Ali Asghar Pasha [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = Secretary, Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department
| child1_agency = Department of Consumer Affairs
| child2_agency = Department of Civil Supplies
| child3_agency = Department of Legal Metrology
| website = https://civilsupplieskerala.gov.in/
}}The '''Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department''' is a department of the [[Kerala Government Secretariat|Government Secretariat]], in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>[http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=55&Itemid=330 Government of Kerala Official Website. 'Food & Civil Supplies Department.']</ref> The field department, that is, the operational wing of this administrative department, is the [[Civil Supplies Department of Kerala|Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department of Kerala]].

== 1915 ==
1915 is the [[toll-free number]] of the National Consumer Helpline (NCH) in [[India]] for consumer complaints related to goods and services.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-15 |title=World Consumer Rights Day 2024: Jago Grahak Jago, here are 5 ways you can register your complaint against a company |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-tips/world-consumer-rights-day-2024-jago-grahak-jago-here-are-5-ways-you-can-register-your-complaint-against-a-company/articleshow/108516943.cms |access-date=2025-10-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official website of National Consumer Helpline{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/official-website-national-consumer-helpline |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615070306/https://www.india.gov.in/official-website-national-consumer-helpline |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.india.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> It is operated by the [[Department of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs|Department of Consumer Affairs]] to provide guidance, grievance redressal, and information on consumer rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Consumer Helpline partners with 1,000+ companies to boost grievance redressal |url=https://www.storyboard18.com/digital/national-consumer-helpline-partners-with-1000-companies-to-boost-grievance-redressal-48390.htm |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.storyboard18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=Customers can file plaints against default service charge on food bills - Herald Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/goa/customers-can-file-plaints-against-default-service-charge-on-food-bills/388905/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Services ===

* [[Grievance]] registration for defective goods, deficient services, and unfair trade practices.
* Guidance on consumer rights under the [[Consumer Protection Act, 2019]].
* Mobile support through the National Consumer Helpline App.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Consumer Day 2024: Union Minister Pralhad Joshi to launch key initiatives to boost consumer protection |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/national-consumer-day-2024-union-minister-pralhad-joshi-to-launch-key-initiatives-to-boost-consumer-protection/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250323114923/https://ddnews.gov.in/en/national-consumer-day-2024-union-minister-pralhad-joshi-to-launch-key-initiatives-to-boost-consumer-protection/ |archive-date=2025-03-23 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=ddnews.gov.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre launches dedicated GST complaint category on National Consumer Helpline |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/mediainfo-marketing/centre-launches-dedicated-gst-complaint-category-on-national-consumer-helpline-10492429 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Kerala]]
[[Category:State civil supplies departments of India]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

2021 Azad Kashmiri general election

2025-11-20T15:47:13Z

AryaShah:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Azad Kashmir general election
| ongoing = No
| country = Azad Kashmir
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 2016 Azad Kashmir general election
| previous_year = 2016
| election_date = 25 July 2021
| next_election = 2026 Azad Kashmir general election
| next_year = 2026
| seats_for_election = All 53 seats in the [[Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 27
| registered = {{formatnum:3220793}}
| turnout = 61.30% ({{decrease}}0.90%)
| leader1 = [[Abdul Qayyum Khan Niazi]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[LA-18 Poonch & Sudhnoti-I|Poonch & Sudhnoti-I]]
| image1 = [[File:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf flag (25-32 ratio).svg|100x100px]]
| party1 = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
| popular_vote1 = 613,590
| percentage1 = 31.4%
| swing1 = {{increase}}18.7pp
| last_election1 = 2 seats, 12.7%
| seats1 = 32
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 30
| leader2 = Chaudhry Latif Akbar
| leaders_seat2 = [[LA-31 Muzaffarabad-V|Muzaffarabad-V]]
| image2 = [[File:Flag of Pakistan People's Party.svg|100x100px]]
| party2 = Pakistan Peoples Party
| popular_vote2 = 349,895
| percentage2 = 17.9%
| swing2 = {{decrease}}3.3pp
| last_election2 = 4 seats, 21.2%
| seats2 = 12
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 8
| leader4 = [[Raja Farooq Haider]]
| leaders_seat4 = [[LA-32 Muzaffarabad-VI|Muzaffarabad-VI]] [[LA-33 Muzaffarabad-VII|Muzaffarabad-VII]] (''lost'')
| image4 = [[File:Raja Farooq Haider Khan.jpg |100x100px]]
| party4 = Pakistan Muslim League (N)
| popular_vote4 = 491,091
| percentage4 = 25.1%
| swing4 = {{decrease}}19.3pp
| last_election4 = 36 seats, 44.4%
| seats4 = 7
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 29

| leader5 = [[Attique Ahmed Khan]]
| colour5 =
| leaders_seat5 = [[LA-14 Bagh-I|Bagh-I]]
| image5 = [[File:Attique Ahmed Khan (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
| party5 = All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference
| popular_vote5 = 153,861
| percentage5 = 7.9%
| swing5 = {{decrease}}2.4pp
| last_election5 = 3 seats, 10.3%
| seats5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 2
| title = [[Prime minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Elected [[prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]
| before_election = [[Raja Farooq Haider]] 
| before_party = Pakistan Muslim League (N)
| after_election = [[Abdul Qayyum Khan Niazi]]
| after_party = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Azad Kashmir showing Assembly Constituencies
| map_image = 2021 Azad Kashmir Election.svg
| map_size =
}}
'''General elections''' were held in [[Azad Kashmir]] on 25 July 2021 after the expiry of the 5-year term of the previous [[Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=If anyone dares to disturb the status of AJK, people will become angry, Farooq Haider AJK PM|url=https://www.atifmaqboolvoice.online/2021/07/status-of-azad-kashmir-status-change-news.html|access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref> The elections were held in 33 constituencies of Azad Kashmir and 12 constituencies of the refugees of Jammu and Kashmir in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Elections AJK 2021|url=https://www.atifmaqboolvoice.online/2021/01/general-elections-ajk-2021.html|access-date=2021-07-04|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184133/https://www.atifmaqboolvoice.online/2021/01/general-elections-ajk-2021.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

By an early estimate, over 2.82 million people of [[Azad Kashmir]] were registered to vote; of which 1.59 million were male voters, while 1.30 million were female voters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=Elections in Azad Jammu and Kashmir to take place on July 25|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/847552-elections-in-azad-kashmir-to-take-place-on-july-25|access-date=2021-07-10|website=The News International|language=en}}</ref> By the time of the election, the number of registered voters had increased to {{formatnum:3220793}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.ajk.gov.pk/election-results |title=General Elections, 2021 - Election Commission of AJ&K|access-date= 16 October 2021}}</ref>

A total of 724 candidates stood for 45 general seats this year. 579 candidates competed for the 33 constituencies within Azad Kashmir, while the remaining 145 competed for the 12 refugee constituencies in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-15|title=Unofficial results: PTI clinches six GB seats, leading in four constituencies as vote count underway|url=https://arynews.tv/gb-election-2020-unofficial-results-pti-leading/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=ARY NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Background ==
In current elections The PTI won 26, the PPP 11 and PML N 6. In addition, AJ&K MC won 1 seats, JK PPP 1 seat.

Following these results, [[Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf ]] was able to form a comfortable majority government, controlling 26 general seats and 6 reserved/technocrat seats, giving them 32 out of the 53 seats in the assembly.

== Addition of new seats ==
4 new seats were added in Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly. [[Muzaffarabad District|Muzaffarabad]], [[Neelum District|Neelum]], [[Sudhanoti District|Sudhanoti/Poonch]] and [[Kotli District|Kotli]] districts gained an additional seats each, hence, the number of members in the [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Assembly of Azad Kashmir]] was elevated from 49 to 53. Therefore the new amount of seats needed for a majority became 27.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=Parliament|title=AJK Legislative Assembly enlarged with inclusion of 4 new seats - Daily Parliament Times|url=https://www.dailyparliamenttimes.com/2019/08/09/ajk-legislative-assembly-enlarged-with-inclusion-of-4-new-seats/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=www.dailyparliamenttimes.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Maqbool|first=Atif|title=An illiterate person can contest General Elections in AJK - Atif Maqbool appeal to the IDEA|url=https://www.issuewire.com/an-illiterate-person-can-contest-general-elections-in-ajk-atif-maqbool-appeal-to-the-idea-1704458274927320|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Issuewire|language=en}}</ref>

== Results ==
{| style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}; width:69.66%;" | '''32'''
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}; width:22.64%;" | '''12'''
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}; width:13.21%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}; width:1.89%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#cc5200; width:1.89%;" | '''1'''
|-
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}|'''PTI'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}|'''PPP'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}|'''PML(N)'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}|'''AJKMC'''}}
| {{color|#cc5200|'''JKPP'''}}
|}
{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share of different parties in the election.'''|value1=31.35|label1=[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]|color1={{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}|value2=25.09|label2=[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML-N]]|color2={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}|value3=17.88|label3=[[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]]|color3={{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}|value4=7.86|label4=[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]|color4={{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}|value5=6.08|label5=[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party|JKPP]]|color5=#cc5200|value6=4.94|label6=[[Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan|TLP]]|color6=#00ca00|value7=6.80|label7=[[Independent politician|IND]]|color7=#a6caf0}}

{{Pie chart|caption='''Seat Share of different parties in the election.'''|value1=60.38|label1=[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]|color1={{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}|value2=22.64|label2=[[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]]|color2={{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}|value3=13.21|label3=[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML-N]]|color3={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}|value4=1.89|label4=[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]|color4={{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}|value5=1.89|label5=[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party|JKPP]]|color5=#cc5200}}
The polls were open across Azad Kashmir and Pakistan from 8:00 to 17:00 PST. The results of started to pour in after poll closings in the evening. The below table shows election results by political party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-26|title=Number of votes secured by PTI, PPP, PML-N in AJK elections 2021|url=https://arynews.tv/number-of-votes-pti-ppp-pml-pml-n-ajk-elections-2021/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=ARY NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{Election results
|seattype1=General|seattype2=Women|seattype3=Ulema Technocrat and Overseas|seattype4=Total|seattype5=Change {{increase}} {{steady}} {{decrease}}|party1=[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]|votes1=613590|st1t1=26|st2t1=3|st3t1=3|st4t1=32|st5t1={{increase}}30
|party2=[[Pakistan Peoples Party]]|votes2=349895|st1t2=11|st2t2=1|st3t2=0|st4t2=12|st5t2={{increase}}9
|party3=[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]|votes3=491091|st1t3=6|st2t3=1|st3t3=0|st4t3=7|st5t3={{decrease}}24
|party5=[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party]]|votes5=119048|st1t5=1|st2t5=0|st3t5=0|st4t5=1|st5t5={{increase}}1
|party4=[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] |votes4=153861|st1t4=1|st2t4=0|st3t4=0|st4t4=1|st5t4={{decrease}}2
|party6=[[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan]] |votes6=96697|st1t6=0|st2t6=0|st3t6=0|st4t6=0|st5t6={{steady}}
|party7=[[Independent politician|Independents]] |votes7=133136|st1t7=0|st2t7=0|st3t7=0|st4t7=0|st5t7={{steady}}
|invalid=17000
|total_st1t=45|total_st2t=5|total_st3t=3|total_st4t=53|total_st5t={{increase}}4|electorate=3220793
||source=[https://ec.ajk.gov.pk/party-position EC-AJK] (Party Positions), {{fact|date=August 2021}} (everything else)}}

=== By constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Margin
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Registered
Voters
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Votes
Cast
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Voter
Turnout
|-
!District
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! data-sort-type="number" |{{abbr|%|Percentage of total vote}}
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! data-sort-type="number" |{{abbr|%|Percentage of total vote}}
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Mirpur District|Mirpur]]
![[LA-1 Mirpur-I|LA-1]]
|[[Azhar Sadiq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |14,233
| align="right" |37.08%
|Chaudhry Masood Khalid
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |7,609
| align="right" |19.82%
| align="right" |6,624
| align="right" |93,480
| align="right" |38,386
| align="right" |41.06%
|-
![[LA-2 Mirpur-II|LA-2]]
|[[Chaudhry Qasim Majeed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |10,377
| align="right" |28.63%
|Zafar Anwar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |9,110
| align="right" |25.13%
| align="right" |1,267
| align="right" |84,985
| align="right" |36,250
| align="right" |42.65%
|-
![[LA-3 Mirpur-III|LA-3]]
|[[Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |18,703
| align="right" |43.51%
|Muhammad Saeed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |15,556
| align="right" |36.19%
| align="right" |3,147
| align="right" |85,917
| align="right" |42,985
| align="right" |50.03%
|-
![[LA-4 Mirpur-IV|LA-4]]
|[[Chaudhry Arshad Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |18,703
| align="right" |44.66%
|Rukhsar Ahmed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" | 20,984
| align="right" | 41.16%
| align="right" | 1,784
| align="right" |87,040
| align="right" |50,984
| align="right" |58.58%
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Bhimber District|Bhimber]]
![[LA-5 Bhimber-I|LA-5]]
|Waqar Ahmed Noor
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |21,799
| align="right" |36.54%
|Pervaiz Ashraf
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |15,583
| align="right" |26.12%
| align="right" |6,216
| align="right" |82,620
| align="right" |59,666
| align="right" |72.22%
|-
![[LA-6 Bhimber-II|LA-6]]
|Chaudhry Ali Shan Soni
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |24,946
| align="right" |39.80%
|Muhammad Razzaq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
| align="right" |16,640
| align="right" |26.55%
| align="right" |8,306
| align="right" |92,888
| align="right" |62,681
| align="right" |67.48%
|-
![[LA-7 Bhimber-III|LA-7]]
|[[Chaudhry Anwarul Haq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |38,303
| align="right" |49.13%
|Chaudhry Tariq Farooq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" | 32,245
| align="right" |41.36%
| align="right" | 6,058
| align="right" |112,029
| align="right" |77,967
| align="right" |69.60
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Kotli District|Kotli]]
![[LA-8 Kotli-I|LA-8]]
|Zaffar Iqbal Malik
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |17,299
| align="right" |36.53%
|Malik Muhammad Nawaz Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}" |
|[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]
| align="right" |12,107
| align="right" |25.57%
| align="right" |5,192
| align="right" |73,121
| align="right" |47,351
| align="right" |64.76%
|-
![[LA-9 Kotli-II|LA-9]]
|Chaudhry Javed Iqbal Budhanvi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |24,276
| align="right" |43.35%
|Sardar Muhammad Naeem Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}" |
|[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]
| align="right" |19,484
| align="right" |34.79%
| align="right" |4,792
| align="right" |84,622
| align="right" |56,000
| align="right" |66.18%
|-
![[LA-10 Kotli-III|LA-10]]
|Chaudhry Muhammad Yaseen
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |9,696
| align="right" |21.70%
|Malik Muhammad Yousaf
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |9,507
| align="right" |21.28%
| align="right" |189
| align="right" |70,533
| align="right" |44,674
| align="right" |63.34%
|-
![[LA-11 Kotli-IV|LA-11]]
|Chaudhry Muhammad Ikhlaq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |25,201
| align="right" |36.75%
|Raja Muhammad Naseer
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |24,288
| align="right" |35.42%
| align="right" |913
| align="right" |105,827
| align="right" |68,581
| align="right" |64.80%
|-
![[LA-12 Kotli-V|LA-12]]
|Chaudhry Muhammad Yaseen
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |21,527
| align="right" |31.71%
|Muhammad Riasat Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |20,081
| align="right" |29.58%
| align="right" |1,446
| align="right" |106,428
| align="right" |67,880
| align="right" |63.78%
|-
![[LA-13 Kotli-VI|LA-13]]
|Nisar Ansar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |23,340
| align="right" |37.53%
|Muhammad Waleed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |17,554
| align="right" |28.22%
| align="right" |5,786
| align="right" |96,220
| align="right" |62,194
| align="right" |64.64%
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Bagh District|Bagh]]
![[LA-14 Bagh-I|LA-14]]
|[[Attique Ahmed Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}" |
|[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]
| align="right" |25,389
| align="right" |37.65%
|Muhammad Latif Khalique
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |17,056
| align="right" |25.29%
| align="right" |8,333
| align="right" |102,491
| align="right" |67,437
| align="right" |65.80%
|-
![[LA-15 Bagh-II|LA-15]]
|[[Sardar Tanveer Ilyas]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |19,825
| align="right" |34.03%
|[[Sardar Ziaul Qamar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |14,558
| align="right" |24.99%
| align="right" |5,267
| align="right" |96,561
| align="right" |58,257
| align="right" |60.33%
|-
![[LA-16 Bagh-III|LA-16]]
|Sardar Mir Akbar Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |23,563
| align="right" |41.46%
|Sardar Qamar uz Zaman Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |23,267
| align="right" |40.94%
| align="right" |296
| align="right" |87,814
| align="right" |56,828
| align="right" |64.71%
|-
![[LA-17 Bagh-IV|LA-17]]
|[[Faisal Mumtaz Rathore]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |30,085
| align="right" |41.96%
|Chaudhry Muhammad Aziz
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |25,421
| align="right" |35.45%
| align="right" |4,664
| align="right" |97,902
| align="right" |71,035
| align="right" |72.56%
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch]]
![[LA-18 Poonch & Sudhnoti-I|LA-18]]
|[[Abdul Qayyum Khan Niazi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |24,232
| align="right" |40.44%
|Chaudhry Muhammad Yasin Gulshan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |15,769
| align="right" |26.32%
| align="right" |8,463
| align="right" |94,508
| align="right" |59,921
| align="right" |63.40%
|-
![[LA-19 Poonch & Sudhnoti-II|LA-19]]
|Sardar Aamir Altaf Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |13,413
| align="right" |25.69%
|Saood bin Sadiq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |12,517
| align="right" |23.97%
| align="right" |896
| align="right" |85,778
| align="right" |52,221
| align="right" |60.88%
|-
![[LA-20 Poonch & Sudhnoti-III|LA-20]]
|[[Muhammad Yaqoob Khan (politician)|Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |11,925
| align="right" |32.98%
|Abdul Rasheed Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |4,883
| align="right" |13.50%
| align="right" |7,042
| align="right" |64,099
| align="right" |36,162
| align="right" |56.42%
|-
![[LA-21 Poonch & Sudhnoti-IV|LA-21]]
|Hassan Ibrahim Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party}}" |
| [[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party|JKPP]]
| align="right" |8,190
| align="right" |23.46%
|Tahir Anwar Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |6,198
| align="right" |17.75%
| align="right" |1,992
| align="right" |88,220
| align="right" |34,915
| align="right" |39.58%
|-
![[LA-22 Poonch & Sudhnoti-V|LA-22]]
|Shahida Saghir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |16,962
| align="right" |38.11%
|Asad Ibrahim Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party|JKPP]]
| align="right" |10,582
| align="right" |23.77%
| align="right" |6,380
| align="right" |84,676
| align="right" |44,511
| align="right" |52.57%
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Sudhanoti District|Sudhnoti]]
![[LA-23 Poonch & Sudhnoti-VI|LA-23]]
|Sardar Muhammad Hussain Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |22,519
| align="right" |32.85%
|Muhammad Najeeb Naqi Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |19,575
| align="right" |28.55%
| align="right" |2,944
| align="right" |107,511
| align="right" |68,561
| align="right" |63.77%
|-
![[LA-24 Poonch & Sudhnoti-VII|LA-24]]
|Sardar Faheem Akhtar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |30,727
| align="right" |47.26%
|[[Sardar Farooq Ahmed Tahir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |24,363
| align="right" |37.40%
| align="right" |6,404
| align="right" |98,539
| align="right" |65,147
| align="right" |66.11%
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Neelum District|Neelum]]
![[LA-25 Neelum-I|LA-25]]
|Shah Ghulam Qadir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |14,341
| align="right" |33.24%
|Mian Abdul Waheed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |12,400
| align="right" |28.74%
| align="right" |1,941
| align="right" |64,231
| align="right" |43,143
| align="right" |67.17%
|-
![[LA-26 Neelum-II|LA-26]]
|Mian Abdul Waheed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |18,870
| align="right" |44.48%
|Raja Muhammad Ilyas Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |13,294
| align="right" |31.34%
| align="right" |5,576
| align="right" |58,970
| align="right" |42,424
| align="right" |71.94%
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Muzaffarabad District|Muzaffarabad]]
![[LA-27 Muzaffarabad-I|LA-27]]
|Sardar Muhammad Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |26,441
| align="right" |43.17%
|Mir Attique ur Rehman
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |19,677
| align="right" |32.12%
| align="right" |6,674
| align="right" |87,706
| align="right" |61,254
| align="right" |69.84%
|-
![[LA-28 Muzaffarabad-II|LA-28]]
|Syed Bazal Ali Naqvi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |26,011
| align="right" |43.32%
|Chaudhry Shahzad Mehmood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |21,873
| align="right" |36.43%
| align="right" |4,138
| align="right" |81,511
| align="right" |60,037
| align="right" |73.66%
|-
![[LA-29 Muzaffarabad-III|LA-29]]
|Khawaja Farooq Ahmed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |13,337
| align="right" |30.83%
|Syed Iftikhar Gillani
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |10,557
| align="right" |24.40%
| align="right" |2,780
| align="right" |63,594
| align="right" |43,263
| align="right" |68.03%
|-
![[LA-30 Muzaffarabad-IV|LA-30]]
|Chaudhry Muhammad Rasheed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |18,119
| align="right" |44.31%
|Mustafa Bashir Abbasi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |10,490
| align="right" |25.65%
| align="right" |7,629
| align="right" |57,030
| align="right" |40,890
| align="right" |71.70%
|-
![[LA-31 Muzaffarabad-V|LA-31]]
|Chaudhry Latif Akbar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |22,824
| align="right" |33.56%
|Saqib Majeed Raja
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}" |
|[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]
| align="right" |21,481
| align="right" |31.58%
| align="right" |1,343
| align="right" |106,580
| align="right" |68,015
| align="right" |63.82%
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Hattian Bala District|Hattian Bala]]
![[LA-32 Muzaffarabad-VI|LA-32]]
|[[Farooq Haider Khan|Raja Farooq Haider]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |15,598
| align="right" |32.31%
|Muhammad Ashfaq Zaffar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |15,204
| align="right" |31.49%
| align="right" |394
| align="right" |70,865
| align="right" |48,278
| align="right" |68.13%
|-
![[LA-33 Muzaffarabad-VII|LA-33]]
|Dewan Ali Khan Chughtai
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |26,474
| align="right" |54.08%
|[[Farooq Haider Khan|Raja Farooq Haider]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |14,384
| align="right" |29.38%
| align="right" |12,090
| align="right" |67,868
| align="right" |48,953
| align="right" |72.13%
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Jammu division|Jammu]] & [[Ladakh|Others]]
![[LA-34 Jammu and Others-I|LA-34]]
|Riaz Ahmed Gujjar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |4,320
| align="right" |41.41%
|Nasir Hussain Dar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |3,545
| align="right" |33.98%
| align="right" |775
| align="right" |18,542
| align="right" |10,433
| align="right" |56.54%
|-
![[LA-35 Jammu and Others-II|LA-35]]
|Maqbool Ahmed Gujjar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |18,934
| align="right" |41.38%
|Chaudhry Muhammad Ismail
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |16,855
| align="right" |36.84%
| align="right" |2,079
| align="right" |85,247
| align="right" |45,756
| align="right" |55.43%
|-
![[LA-36 Jammu and Others-III|LA-36]]
|[[Hafiz Hamid Raza]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |22,096
| align="right" |41.30%
|Muhammad Ishaq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |20,467
| align="right" |38.26%
| align="right" |1,629
| align="right" |93,804
| align="right" |53,500
| align="right" |57.03%
|-
![[LA-37 Jammu and Others-IV|LA-37]]
|Muhammad Akmal Sargala
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |26,039
| align="right" |42.11%
|Muhammad Siddique Chaudhry
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |25,726
| align="right" |41.61%
| align="right" |313
| align="right" |95,694
| align="right" |61,833
| align="right" |64.62%
|-
![[LA-38 Jammu and Others-V|LA-38]]
|Muhammad Akbar Chaudhry
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |14,283
| align="right" |40.18%
|Zeeshan Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |8,755
| align="right" |30.76%
| align="right" |5,528
| align="right" |48,504
| align="right" |28,461
| align="right" |58.68%
|-
![[LA-39 Jammu and Others-VI|LA-39]]
|Raja Muhammad Siddqiue
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |9,557
| align="right" |42.69%
|Nazia Niaz
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |7,510
| align="right" |33.54%
| align="right" |2,047
| align="right" |36,455
| align="right" |22,389
| align="right" |61.42%
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Kashmir division|Kashmir Valley]]
![[LA-40 Kashmir Valley-I|LA-40]]
|Aamir Abdul Ghaffar Lone
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
| align="right" |2,165
| align="right" |61.73%
|Muhammad Saleem Butt
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |875
| align="right" |24.95%
| align="right" |1,290
| align="right" |5,327
| align="right" |3,507
| align="right" |65.83%
|-
![[LA-41 Kashmir Valley-II|LA-41]]
|Ghulam [[Mohyeddin|Mohi-ud-Din]] Diwan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |2,326
| align="right" |70.61%
|Muhammad Ikram Butt
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |741
| align="right" |22.50%
| align="right" |1,585
| align="right" |5,050
| align="right" |3,294
| align="right" |66.23%
|-
![[LA-42 Kashmir Valley-III|LA-42]]
|Muhammad Asim Sharif
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |1,254
| align="right" |43.86%
|Syed Shoukat Ali Shah
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |1,205
| align="right" |42.15%
| align="right" |49
| align="right" |4,461
| align="right" |2,859
| align="right" |64.09%
|-
![[LA-43 Kashmir Valley-IV|LA-43]]
|Javed Butt
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |782
| align="right" |43.66%
|Naseema Khatoon Wani
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |720
| align="right" |40.20%
| align="right" |62
| align="right" |2,457
| align="right" |1,791
| align="right" |72.89%
|-
![[LA-44 Kashmir Valley-V|LA-44]]
|Muhammad Ahmad Raza Qadri
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
| align="right" |2,027
| align="right" |44.72%
|Mehr un Nisa
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference}}" |
|[[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|AJKMC]]
| align="right" |1,195
| align="right" |26.36%
| align="right" |832
| align="right" |6,340
| align="right" |4,533
| align="right" |71.50%
|-
![[LA-45 Kashmir Valley-VI|LA-45]]
|Abdul Majid Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
| align="right" |3,138
| align="right" |57.10%
|Abdul Nasir Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
| align="right" |2,063
| align="right" |37.54%
| align="right" |1,075
| align="right" |6,951
| align="right" |5,496
| align="right" |79.07%
|}

==See also==
*[[List of members of the 10th Legislative Assembly of Azad Kashmir]]
*[[Azad Jammu & Kashmir Election Commission]]
*[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Azad Kashmiri elections}}
[[Category:2021 elections in Pakistan|Azad]]
[[Category:Elections in Azad Kashmir|Azad]]

Schools of Equality

2025-11-10T19:28:04Z

AryaShah: created

{{Short description|Indian non-profit organization}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Schools of Equality
| type = [[Nonprofit organization]]
| location_city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|2014}}
| key_people = Gulika Reddy (founder)
| industry = [[Education]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://schoolsofequality.org/}}
}}

'''Schools of Equality''' is a [[nonprofit organization]] aimed to shift social attitudes of youth surrounding [[gender-based violence]] and other injustices. They work with youth and students in various cities and villages in [[south India]]. The organization was founded by Gulika Reddy, a [[human rights lawyer]] practicing in the [[High Court of Madras]], in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ratnakumar|first=Evelyn|title=Towards countering gendered designs |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/towards-countering-gendered-designs/article6622617.ece |work= The Hindu |accessdate=2016-08-01 |date= 2014-11-22}}</ref>

==Programmes ==
Their programmes are designed to encourage students to question notions of power related to [[gender]] and its [[intersectionalities]], including [[caste]], class, [[religion]] and [[Human sexuality|sexuality]]. They also help understand the right of choice and to respect each other's rights.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shenoy|first=Sonali|title= A Syllabus to Change Social Attitudes at a Young Age |url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/A-Syllabus-to-Change-Social-Attitudes-at-a-Young-Age/2014/12/08/article2560130.ece|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150406015115/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/A-Syllabus-to-Change-Social-Attitudes-at-a-Young-Age/2014/12/08/article2560130.ece|url-status= dead|archive-date= April 6, 2015|publisher= New Indian Express|accessdate= 2016-08-01 |date= 2014-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Joseph |first= Ashish |title= Namma Chennai's heart beats for its children |url= http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Namma-Chennais-heart-beats-for-its-children-29092015101023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160821184644/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Namma-Chennais-heart-beats-for-its-children-29092015101023 |url-status= dead |archive-date= August 21, 2016 |publisher= Times of India |accessdate= 2016-08-01 |date= 2015-09-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Drama to break gender stereotypes at the Schools of Equality |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/sep/24/drama-to-break-gender-stereotypes-at-the-schools-of-equality-1662133.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

They helped children understand and deal with [[bullying]] and the students of Sishya, Adyar in Chennai came up with a ‘school constitution’ that includes the right to be protected from bullying. The team at Schools of Equality works with students to help them come to terms with different issues, whether it is their own identity or gender equality. The students are taught to recognise their rights and the responsibilities that come with it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kishore|first=Kavita|title= Tackling Bullying Through Democracy |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tackling-bullying-through-democracy/article7107192.ece|work= The Hindu |accessdate= 2016-08-01 |date= 2015-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akella |first=Bhavana |date=July 4, 2016 |title=Equality starts young! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/040716/equality-starts-young.html |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

As of June 2015, School of Equality has partnered with the [[Corporation of Chennai]] and District Education Officer in Kadapa district, [[Andhra Pradesh]]. They also teamed up with private schools as well as village schools. They started with 165 students in Chennai in June and as of 2016 they are working with over 1441 students across the city,<ref>{{cite news |last=Shapers|first=Global|title=School of Equality|url= https://www.globalshapers.org/projects/schools-equality-1|publisher= Globalshapers |accessdate= 2016-08-01 |date= 2016-01-01}}</ref> in private and government schools, addressing a range of topics pertaining to gender violence.

They have worked with students of class XI and XII and looking to introduce the awareness programme for lower classes as well.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sampath|first=Janani|title=Ending gender violence begins at home|url= http://www.dtnext.in/News/National/2015/11/25183645/Ending-gender-violence-begins-at-home.vpf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160804071815/http://www.dtnext.in/News/National/2015/11/25183645/Ending-gender-violence-begins-at-home.vpf|url-status= dead|archive-date= August 4, 2016|publisher= DT Next|accessdate= 2016-08-01 |date= 2015-11-25}}</ref>

==Workshops==
Schools of Equality also conducted a workshop in partnership with Stop Street Harassment from [[Virginia]], US, that calls out to people to share their experiences and raise their voice against [[street harassment]].{{cn|date=March 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://schoolsofequality.org}}

[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Educational charities]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2014]]

Randhir (actor)

2025-11-10T17:19:52Z

AryaShah: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{unreliable sources|date=April 2012}}
'''Randhir''' was an Indian character actor in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] and [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films who was active from the 1940s to the 1980s. He appeared in over 172 films.

Originally, he played side heroes or the friend of the hero. On a few occasions, he even played the hero. One of his most famous hero's friend roles was in ''[[Dil Deke Dekho]]'' (1959).

The 1960s was a period of transition. Due to his age and displacement from hero's friend roles by comedians, Randhir began to experiment with character roles. He had done such roles in the 1950s and 1940s as well. In the mid-1960s, he frequently played Maharajas in costume films.

== Early life and career ==

Randhir was born on 04 May 1918, in a Thakur [[Rajput]] family of '''Chauhan''' in the '''princely state of [[Sirmur State|Sirmour]]''' in Punjab, his only sibling went under the name of Indra who lived in Nahan. The 1982 release Meharbaani and Khud-Daar credits Randhir as "late", implying he died before its release. The release preceding this was in 1980. The last release of his performance was Bindya Chamkegi produced by Tarun Dutt son of late Gurudutt.

Prior to working in films, Randhir worked in Delhi with All India Radio. He was an ardent sportsperson and played football for a local team called Shimla Youngs while schooling in Shimla.

Randhir began adopting the moneylender 'lala' role around the end of the 1960s. His role in ''Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi'' (1967) may be one of his earliest in this form, but it was a rough exhibition of what was to come. He firmly put himself into the role with ''[[Do Raaste]]'' (1969). Afterwards he would be cast almost exclusively as a Lala or a similar merchant. His role in ''[[Do Chor]]'' (1972), ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973) is an example of this typecasting.

== Filmography ==
* ''Gopinath'' (1948) film As Randhir along with Raj Kapoor
* ''[[Posti (1950 film)|Posti]]'' (1950) as Ganga Ram (in Punjabi movie)
*[[Madhubala (1950 film)|Madhubala (1950)]]
*[[Tamasha (1952 film)|Tamasha]](1952) as director
*[[Mem Sahib|Memsahib]](1956) as Communist
*[[Miss Mary (1957 film)]] as John
* ''[[Dil Deke Dekho]]'' (1959)
*''[[Guddi (1961 film)|Guddi]]'' (1961) as Astrologer (in Punjabi movie)
* ''[[Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Do Raste]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Do Chor]]'' (1972) as Charan Das
* ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Loafer (1973 film)|Loafer]]'' (1973)
* [[Heera (film)|''Heera'']] (1973) as Makhanlal
* [[Premi Gangaram]] (1978) Punjabi Movie
* Meharbaani (1982) as bihari
* Khud-Daar (1982)

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0709786}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

All India Jamhur Muslim League

2025-09-15T00:57:41Z

AryaShah: started a data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
[[File:First Session of All India Jamhur Muslim League held in 1940 at Muzaffarpur, Bihar.jpg|thumb|right|300px|First Session of All India Jamhur Muslim League]]
The '''All India Jamhur Muslim League''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|آل انڈیا جمہور مسلم لیگ}}}}) was formed in 1940, to counter the [[Lahore resolution]] passed by the [[All-India Muslim League]], which advocated for a separate [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sajjad |first=Mohammad |date=January 2011 |title=Muslim resistance to communal separatism and colonialism in Bihar: nationalist politics of the Bihar Muslims |journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=16–36 |doi=10.1080/19472498.2011.531601 |s2cid=143529965 |quote=Maghfoor Aijazi had set up the All India Jamhoor Muslim League, in 1940, to oppose Jinnah's scheme of Pakistan.}}</ref><ref name="Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav">{{cite web|last1=Ministry of Culture|first1=Government of India|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?138|website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}</ref> All-India Jamhur Muslim League, on the other hand, [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Islam">{{cite web |last1=Islam |first1=Shamsul |title=Muslims against Partition |url=https://aamrabharatbarsha.com/welcome/singlepost/muslims-against-partition |publisher=AAMRA |access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

== History ==
The first session of the party was held at [[Muzaffarpur]] in [[Bihar]]. Raja of Mahmoodabad [[Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan]] was elected president and [[Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]] was elected General Secretary. Later, the Raja of Mahmoodabad changed his mind under influence of Jinnah, who was a long time family friend, and rejoined Jinnah in 1941. A major faction of the Jamhur Muslim League under the leadership of Dr. Ajazi merged with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] to strengthen its view of [[Opposition to the partition of India|opposing the partition of India]].<ref name="All India Jamhur Muslim League">{{cite journal|title=Sinners of the Partition|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44004230|journal= Economic and Political Weekly|year= 2016|jstor=44004230|last=Teltumbde|first=Anand|volume=51|issue=18|pages=24–27}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[All India Azad Muslim Conference]]

[[Category:1940 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1940]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1941]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties in India]]
[[Category:History of the All-India Muslim League]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:All-India Muslim League breakaway groups]]

Mirnaa Menon

2025-09-02T00:47:00Z

AryaShah: corrected information as per guidelines based on references

#REDIRECT [[Mirnaa]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}