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Joypur, West Bengal Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T15:57:26Z

ArryArrd: New Article

{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{other uses|Jaipur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Joypur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Joypur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Joypur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Biswajit Mahato]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Purulia Lok Sabha constituency|Purulia]]
| constituency_no = 241
| established = 1962
| electors = 189,787
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Joypur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purulia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 241 Joypur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Joypur, Purulia (community development block)|Joypur]] and [[Jhalda II (community development block)|Jhalda II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]; Arsha, Beldih and Manikary [[gram panchayat]]a of [[Arsha (community development block)|Arsha]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2011-01-27 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2010 }}</ref>

Joypur Assembly constituency is part of No. 35 [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan = "2" |Party
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Adawita Mondal
| style="background-color: {{party color|Lok Sewak Sangh}}" |
| [[Lok Sewak Sangh]]
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="5"|Ram Krishna Mahato
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="5"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}" |
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| Shantiram Mahato
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| Bindewar Mahata
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
| rowspan="2"|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Bindeswar Mahata
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="2"|Shantiram Mahato
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| Bindeswar Mahata
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
| rowspan="2"|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| Dhirendra Nath Mahato
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Shaktipada Mahato]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Narahari Mahato]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Joypur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arjun Mahato
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Biswajit Mahato
|party = BJP
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dhirendra Nath Mahato
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Phanibhusan Kumar
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dibyajyoti Singh Deo
|party = Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2021]]: Joypur<ref name=1vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/joypur-west-bengal-election-result-2021| title = Joypur Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |access-date =22 May 2021 }}</ref><ref name=2vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25241.htm?ac=241| title = Assembly Election Result 2021 – West Bengal, Balarampur | publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date =22 May 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= [[Narahari Mahato]] |votes=74,380|percentage=36.68|change=+32.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Indian National Congress|candidate=Phanibhusan Kumar |votes=62,180|percentage= 30.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent(Supported candidate of AITC) |candidate= Dibyajyoti Singh Deo |votes=35,429|percentage=17.47|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= All India Forward Bloc||candidate=Dhirendra Nath Mahato |votes=19,493|percentage=9.57|change=-32.95}}
{{Election box candidate||party= Mulnibasi Party of India||candidate= Jawahar Lal Mahato|votes=2,102|percentage=1.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate= Nepal Chandra Mahato |votes=1,980|percentage=0.98|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Nagewar Mahato|votes=1,419|percentage=0.70|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate= Bahadur Kushbaha Kuiri|votes=1,169|percentage=0.58|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)||candidate= Bhagirath Mahato|votes=1,126|percentage=0.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha||candidate= Tirthanath Mahato|votes=613|percentage=0.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=2,956|percentage=1.46|change=-0.12}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=202,767 |percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

Dibajyoti Singh Deo, contesting as an Independent candidate, was supported by the Trinamool Congress. Initially, he was a rebel Trinamool Congress candidate, but later the party supported him as the nomination of the candidate nominated by the party was rejected.

===2016===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Balarampur<ref name=1vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = https://resultuniversity.com/election/joypur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency| title= Joypur| work= 2016 Legislative Assembly Election| publisher = Result University |access-date =22 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=2vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/home/state-assembly-constituency/west-bengal-election-result/863-Joypurassembly_election_result_2016.html | title= Joypur| work= Assembly Election Result 2016 Live| publisher = InfoElections |access-date =22 May 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Shaktipada Mahato
|votes = 85,026
|percentage = 47.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Dhirendra Nath Mahato
|votes = 76,263
|percentage = 42.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sripati Mahato
|votes = 8,211
|percentage = 4.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Pitambar Tudu
|votes = 1,754
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All Jharkhand Students Union
|candidate = Subhas Chandra Mahato
|votes = 1,576
|percentage = 0.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Bhajahari Kumar
|votes = 1,515
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Padmalochan Kumar
|votes = 1,356
|percentage = 0.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Santi Ram Mandi
|votes = 813
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,838
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 179,352
|percentage = 82.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Joypur<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Joypur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030813/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Dhirendra Nath Mahato
|votes = 62,060
|percentage = 41.48
|change = -5.06
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sakti Pada Mahato
|votes = 51,449
|percentage = 34.39
|change = -10.23#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Kirton Chandra Mahato
|votes = 23,927
|percentage = 15.99
|change = +13.71#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shripati Mahato
|votes = 2,637
|percentage = 1.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Padmalochan Kumar
|votes = 2,242
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
|candidate = Paban Mahato
|votes = 2,131
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All Jharkhand Students Union
|candidate = Swapan Mahato
|votes = 1,852
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Sanat Kumar Besra
|votes = 1,287
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Gagan Chandra Mahato
|votes = 1,136
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Sandip Majhi
|votes = 885
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 149,606
|percentage = 78.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

Shakti Pada Mahato, contesting as an independent candidate, was a rebel Congress candidate.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=367879&catid=73 | title = Cong rebels dare leaders | publisher = The Statesman 29 April 2011 | access-date = 2011-05-13 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111003225038/http://thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=367879&catid=73 | archive-date = 3 October 2011 }}</ref>

.# The changes for Shakti Pada Mahato (Independent/ rebel Congress) and Trinamool Congress are shown against the vote percentages of Congress and Trinamool Congress in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Bindeswar Mahato of [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] won the Jaipur assembly seat, defeating his nearest rival Shantiram Mahato of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Shantiram Mahato of Congress defeated Bindeswar Mahato of Forward Bloc in 2001 and 1996. Bindeswar Mahato of Forward Block defeated Shanti Ram Mahato of Congress in 1991 and 1987. Shantiram Mahato of Congress defeated Hari Pada Mahato of Forward Bloc in 1982. Ram Krishna Mahato of Congress defeated Chakradhar Mahato of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp238.htm |title = 238 - Jaipur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-01-26 }}</ref>

===1962-1972===
Ramkrishna Mahato of Congress won in 1972, 1971 and 1967. Adwaita Mondal of Lok Sewak Sangh won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections |access-date=2011-01-27 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Purulia topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purulia district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Hara Saabha Vimocchana Perumal Temple

2026-05-07T15:19:58Z

ArryArrd: New New Location

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Hara Saabha Vimocchana Perumal Temple
| image = Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal .jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10|51|36|N|79|6|30|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| location = Tamilnadu, India
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Hara Saabha Vimocchana Perumal ([[Vishnu]])
* Kamalavalli Nachiyar ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| tower =
| temple_tank = Kapala Moksha Pushkarani
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal Temple''' in Thirukandiyur, a village in the outskirts of [[Thiruvayaru]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Kamalavalli Nachiyar.

The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and its bodies of water. The temple has a 5-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower.

Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal is believed to have appeared to Hindu gods [[Brahma]] and [[Shiva]], and King [[Mahabali]]. It is one of the few temples where the [[Trimurti]] - Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are worshipped in the same premises. Six daily rituals and four yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Panguni Brahmostavam, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (April–May), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Harasaba vimocahana temple.jpg|225x200px|left|thumb|View of the street]]
As per the account in [[Brahmanda Purana]], [[Brahma]], the Hindu god of creation and [[Shiva]], the Hindu god of destruction, had originally five heads. [[Parvati]], the wife of Shiva, once got confused and worshipped Brahma, instead of her husband. Shiva got enraged and cut off one of Brahma's heads; the head stuck to Shiva's hand due to the curse of Brahmahatya. To get rid off the sin, Shiva worshipped the god Vishnu at [[Uthamar Kovil|Thirukarambanur]] as [[Bhikshatana]], where his sin was relieved. Shiva freed himself from the sin after visiting Vishnu at Thirukandiyur and taking a holy dip in the temple tank, Kamala Pushkarani. Since Vishnu relieved (''vimochana'') the sin (''saabha'') of Shiva (also called Hara), the temple is called Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal Temple. After the incident, the tank came to be known as Kapala Theertham (''kapala'' indicates skull). Shiva was pleased and he built the Hara Sabha Vimochana temple and also built a temple for himself near it.<ref name="hindu"/><ref>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=534|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=govindaraja+perumal+temple&pg=PA242|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|isbn=9788120601512|location=New Delhi|year=1982}}</ref>

As per another legend, [[Lakshmi]], the consort of Vishnu requested Shiva to cut off one of Brahma's heads as she felt that Vishnu would ignore her and show all his affection towards Brahma. Sage [[Bhrigu]], King [[Mahabali]] and the moon-god [[Chandra]] expiated their sins, worshipping Vishnu here. Sage Bhrigu, once wanted to test the superior of the [[Trimurti|Trinity]] of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. He kicked Vishnu in his chest in anger; the sage atoned here. Chandra sinned by seducing [[Taraka (goddess)|his guru's wife]]; he partially expiated by worshipping here.<ref name="hindu"/>

==History==
The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. In modern times, the recorded temple renovation was carried out in 1984 under the aegis of seer Sri Thirukudanthai Vedanta Ramanuja Mahadesikan. The renovation is 2003 was carried out by his successor Sri Rangaramanuja Mahadesikan. The works involved renovation of the gateway tower and the shrines of Hara Saabha Vimocahana Perumal and Kamalavalli Nachiyar.<ref name="hindu"/> The oldest deities of the temple are found to be that of Santana Gopala and Navneetha Krishna. It is believed that [[Tipu Sultan]], the king of Mysore fought and won a war at this place and later became a devotee of the temple.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=458–9}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Temple Praharam.jpg|thumb|The precinct of the temple]]
Hara Saabha Vimocchana Perumal Temple is located in [[Kandiyur|Thirukandiyur]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=81}}</ref> a village located between Thiruvayyaru and [[Thanjavur]], in between the rivers [[Cauvery]] and [[Kudamurutti River|Kudamaurutti]].<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|title=Temple for the Great Trinity |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/06/11/stories/2005061111020300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 June 2005|access-date=21 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The temple has a three-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (gateway tower) and an adjoining granite wall that surrounds the temple. The temple occupies an area of {{convert|1|acre|sqkm|abbr=on}} and is located in the between the rivers Kudamurutti and Vennar. The temple is located {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from [[Thiruvayaru]] in [[Thanjavur district]]. The temple has two precincts and the main gateway faces the east. The central shrine houses the image of Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal in standing posture. The sanctum is approached through two halls, namely, the Garuda [[Mandapam]] and the Maha Mandapam. Kapala Moksha [[Pushkarani]], located on the west side of the temple is the major water body associated with the temple, while the Mahabali Theertham is located opposite to it. The shrine of Kamalavalli Nachiyar, is located in the first precinct. The second precinct houses the shrines for [[Narasimha]], [[Sudarshana Chakra|Sudarshana]], [[Andal]], [[Azhwars|Alvars]], and [[Vedanta Desika]].<ref name="hindu"/>

==Religious significance==
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Thirumangai Alvar]] in ten hymns. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=An NGO does its bit for god - and humanity|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1262149051.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414091637/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1262149051.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2018|url-access=subscription |via=[[HighBeam Research]]|publisher=Hindustan Times|location=New Delhi, India|date=29 April 2007|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref name="dinamalar"/> The temple is one of the few historical temples in India where the images of Hindu [[Trimurti]], Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma are housed in the same premises. It is one of the two temples in [[Chola Nadu]] where the Trimurti can be seen in the same premises, the other being [[Uttamar Kovil]] near [[Tiruchirapalli]]. The shrines of Brahma and his consort [[Saraswati]] were dilapidated during the course of time. The place is called by different names like Kandiyur, Kandana Kshetram and Pancha Kamala Kshetram, and is believed that devotees get relieved off their Brahmahatti Dosha after visiting the temple. The temple is considered older than [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]] and believed to be in existence from the [[Treta Yuga]].<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=Temple for the Great Trinity |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/21/stories/2003032101220600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031013112053/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/21/stories/2003032101220600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 March 2003|last=T.A.|first=Srinivasan|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>

==Festivals and religious practices==
This temple follows the [[Vadakalai]] tradition.
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 10:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Hara Saabha Vimochana Perumal and Kamalavalli Nachiyar. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. Four major festivals are celebrated in the temple, namely, the Panguni Brahmmotsavam celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] in ''Panguni'' (March–April), Aipasi Pavithra Utsavam in ''Aipasi'' (October–November), [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] in ''Margali'' (December–January) and Karthikai Deepam in ''Karthikai'' (November–December).<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Hara Shaba Vimochana Perumal temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=348|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]

Rashmin Manharbhai Chhaya

2026-04-23T09:25:48Z

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{{Short description|Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rashmin Manharbhai Chhaya
| office = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Gauhati High Court]]
| term_start = 23 June 2022
| term_end = 11 January 2023
| nominator = [[N. V. Ramana]]
| appointer = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Gujarat High Court]]
| term_start1 = 17 February 2011
| term_end1 = 22 June 2022
| appointer1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| nominator1 = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
| office2 = [[Acting (law)|Acting]] [[Chief Justice]] of [[Gujarat High Court]]
| term_start2 = 2 September 2021
| term_end2 = 12 October 2021
| appointer2 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd.)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|1|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Veraval]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[L.A. Shah Law College]]
}}

'''Rashmin Manharbhai Chhaya''' (born 12 January 1961) is a retired Indian judge and a former [[Chief Justice]] of [[Gauhati High Court]]. He has also been a former [[judge]] and [[Acting (law)|acting]] [[Chief Justice|chief justice]] of [[Gujarat High Court]].

== Career ==
He was born on 12 January 1961 at [[Veraval]], [[Gujarat]]. He did Law at [[L.A. Shah Law College]]. He was enrolled as an Advocate in year 1984 with Bar Council of Gujarat. He has served as empaneled Advocate for various [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal corporation]]s, in Gujarat. He was appointed a Counsel for the Department of Income Tax in year 2001 for a period of two years. He was also appointed Additional Central Government Counsel in year 2004 and Senior Counsel for Union of India in year 2008. He has also appeared in various Constitutional Matters. He was elevated as an [[Judge|Additional Judge]] of [[Gujarat High Court]] on 17 February 2011 and made permanent on 28 January 2013. On 2 September 2021, he was appointed [[Acting (law)|Acting]] [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Gujarat High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2021|title=Justice Vineet Kothari appointed Gujarat High Court Acting Chief Justice till Sep 2, Justice RM Chhaya to take over after|work=Bar and Bench|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/gujarat-high-court-acting-chief-justice-vineet-kothari-rm-chhaya|access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Devika|date=27 August 2021|title=Justice Vineet Kothari and Justice RM Chhaya after him, to perform duties of office of Chief Justice, Guj HC|work=SCC Online|url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2021/08/27/appointment-of-acting-chief-justice/|access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> He was elevated as [[Chief Justice]] of [[Gauhati High Court]] on 23 June 2022.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chhaya, Rashmin Manharbhai}}
[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Gujarat High Court]]
[[Category:People from Veraval]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Chenga Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:29Z

ArryArrd: added new page with sources

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chenga
| state = [[Assam]]
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 23
| map_image = Chenga Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| district = [[Barpeta District|Barpeta]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Ashraful Hussain]]
| party = [[All India United Democratic Front]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors =
}}
'''Chenga Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]. Chenga forms part of the [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Town details==
Following are details on Chenga Assembly constituency (since 2023):

*Country: India.
* State: Assam.
* District: Barpeta district.
* Lok Sabha Constituency: Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency.
* Area Includes: Chenga Dev. Block(Part), Barpeta Dev. Block(Part), Gumafulbari Dev. Block(Part), Mandia Dev. Block(Part), Sarukhetri Dev. Block(Part).

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==

Following is the list of past members representing Chenga Assembly constituency in Assam Legislature.<ref name="che ref1">{{cite news |title=Chenga Election Result 2021 LIVE: Chenga MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/chenga-assembly-elections-as-47/ |access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=oneindia.com |date=2 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

* 1967: A. R. Chowdhury, [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1972: Abdul Hannan Choudhury, [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1978: Danesh Ali Ahmed, [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1983: Danesh Ali Ahmed, [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1985: Mukhtar Hussain, [[Independent (politician)|Independent]].
* 1991: [[Liakat Ali Khan]], [[Independent politician|Independent]].
* 1996: [[Sukur Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 2001: [[Sukur Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 2006: [[Liakat Ali Khan]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]].
* 2011: [[Sukur Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 2016: [[Sukur Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Ashraful Hussain]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|-
|}

== Election result ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Chenga}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Saddam Hussein|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Abdul Rahim Ahmed|party=Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= |party=All India United Democratic Front |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Zahidu Islam Khan |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Chenga}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sukur Ali Ahmed]]
|votes = 51,882
|percentage = 47.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Monowara Khatun
|votes = 28,525
|percentage = 25.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gunajit Adhikary
|votes = 25,902
|percentage = 23.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Shafikul Hoque
|votes = 2,190
|percentage = 1.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Surjya Mallique
|votes = 639
|percentage = 0.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 667
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,357
|percentage = 21.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,09,805
|percentage = 89.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,22,519
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Barpeta district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]

Shrinarayan Chaturvedi

2026-04-15T03:21:41Z

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{{Short description|Indian writer and journalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Shrinarayan Chaturvedi
| birth_date = 28 September 1895
| birth_place = [[Etawah]]
| death_date = 18 August 1990
| occupation = Writer, litterateur, publicist, journalist
| language = [[Hindi]]
| pseudonym = Shrivar, Vinod Sharma
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]] [[University of London Worldwide]]
| notable_works = Editor of ''[[Saraswati (magazine)|Saraswati]]'' magazine
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1984)
}}
'''Shrinarayan Chaturvedi''' (also spelled as '''Shri Narain Chaturvedi''') (born 28 September 1895, in [[Etawah]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]; died on 18 August 1990) was an Indian writer, litterateur, publicist, and journalist known for his contributions to the promotion of the [[Hindi language]]. He served as the editor of [[Saraswati (magazine)|Saraswati]].<ref name="0:1">Bharatiya Charitra Kosh by Leeladhar Sharma 'Parvatiya', published by Shiksha Bharati, Madarsa Road, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi, Page 870</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SboWOqY0PL0C |title=Hindi ke nirmata: Pandit Shrinarayan Chaturvedi, Hindi ke aparajeya yoddha. (Page 201) |publisher=Bhartiya Jnanpith |isbn=9788126317677 |access-date=17 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121031249/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SboWOqY0PL0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=21 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=इटावा को साहित्य की उर्वरा भूमि कहते थे अटल जी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah-atal-ji-had-relationship-with-etawah-chr39-s-literary-environment-21200881.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=24 December 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Parag |title=इसलिए सारा काम छोड़कर अखबार का अंतिम प्रूफ जांचते थे श्रीनारायण चतुर्वेदी |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/astro/spirituality/motivational-stories/interesting-and-amazing-story-of-editor-shri-narayan-chaturvedi/articleshow/91553938.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=3 May 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref> In 1984, he received the [[Padma Bhushan]] for contributions to literature from the [[Government of India]].<ref name="O:2">{{cite news |title=Padma Awards 1984 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/content/notifications/PadmaAwards/1984.pdf}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Shrinarayan Chaturvedi was born in 1895 in the [[Etawah district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. However, in his autobiography titled ''Parivesh Ki Katha'', he states that his date of birth is 28 December 1893.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Śrīnārāyaṇa Caturvedī |title=Pariveśa kī kathā - Autobiography of Sri Narain Chaturvedi, 1895-1990, Hindi author. |date=1995 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9788173151361 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vbuaemXnBBMC}}</ref>

His father, Dwarika Prasad was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar of his era in the region and authored over a hundred books. His father's scholarship influenced his intellectual pursuits. He received his education at [[University of Allahabad]], where he studied history. After completing his higher education, he worked as a teacher for a period. In 1925, with a scholarship from the [[Uttar Pradesh Government]], he pursued higher studies in education in [[England]], earning an [[M.A.]] in education from the [[University of London Worldwide|University of London]]. Later, in 1928, after completing his studies, he was appointed as an officer in the Education Department of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="0:1"/>

== Work ==
Shrinarayan Chaturvedi dedicated his life to the promotion of the Hindi language. Recognizing his commitment to Hindi, following the suggestion of [[Purushottam Das Tandon]], Chaturvedi was appointed [[Deputy Director-General|Deputy Director General]] (Language) at [[All India Radio]] during [[Sardar Patel]]'s tenure as Minister of Information. His efforts led to the cessation of [[Arabic|Arab]]-[[Persianization]] of the language used in radio broadcasts. Upon retiring from radio service, he served as the Director of the Education and Archaeology Department of Central India for four years.<ref name="0:1"/>

Chaturvedi, under the [[pseudonym]] 'Shrivar,' wrote poetry and published two collections, namely ''Ratnadeep'' and ''Jeevan Kan''. He translated books such as ''Vishwa Ka Itihas'' and ''Shashan'' from English. He served as the editor of the dictionary ''Visvabharati'' published in Hindi. For two decades, starting in 1955, he successfully edited the historical Hindi monthly magazine ''[[Saraswati (magazine)|Saraswati]]''. On the literary front, he authored and translated 36 books, and under the pen name 'Vinod Sharma', he penned satires. He also had interests in [[archaeology]] and [[art]].<ref name="0:1"/>

== Bibliography ==
{{unsourced|section|date=August 2025}}
* ''Pavan Smaran''
* ''Hindi Vishv Bharti Khand''
* ''Gramya - Shiksha Ka Itihas''
* ''Vishw Ki Kahani''
* ''Hindi Vishva - Bharati''
* ''Munshii Abhinandan Granth''
* ''Ratnadeep ''
* ''Jeevan Kan''
* ''Shashan''

== Awards and recognition ==
The Uttar Pradesh government awarded him the Bharat Bharti Award, one of the highest literary honors given by the state. However, when the government decided to accord [[Urdu]] the status of the second official language of the state, Chaturvedi declined this award in protest.<ref name="0:1"/><ref>{{cite news |title=हिन्दी के भैय्यासाहब : पं. श्रीनारायण चतुर्वेदी |url=https://palpalindia.com/2021/12/29/Kla-Sanskriti-Hindi-Bhaiyya-Sahab-Pandit-Shrinarayan-Chaturvedi-Book-Niji-Varta-news-in-hindi.html |publisher=Palpal India |date=29 December 2021 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

In 1984, the [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian honor in India, for his contributions to literature.<ref name="O:2"/>

The [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]] has established the Pandit Shrinarayan Chaturvedi Sahitya Samman, a literary award with a monetary prize of ₹2,00,000, presented in recognition of outstanding literary contributions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anurag |title=कलम को सलाम : ऊषा किरन खान को भारत-भारती सम्मान, ये है पूरी सूची |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-uttar-pradesh-hindi-sansthan-announced-list-of-awards-for-the-year2018-19596834.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=20 September 2019 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=हिंदी संस्थान के पुरस्कारों के लिए 23 तक आवदेन:34 विधाओं में मिलेगा सम्मान, लखनऊ में भेजना होगा आवेदन |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/bahraich/news/bahraich-up-to-23-applications-for-the-awards-of-hindi-sansthan-respect-will-be-given-in-34-disciplines-application-will-have-to-be-sent-in-lucknow-129715257.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=25 April 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref> In 1992, [[Prabhat Prakashan]] published the biography ''Hindimay Jivan Pandit Shrinarayan Chaturvedi'', written by [[Vidya Niwas Mishra]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Vidya Niwas Mishra |author1-link=Vidya Niwas Mishra |title=Hindimaya jīvana Paṃ. Śrīnārāyaṇa Caturvedī |date=1992 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9788173150135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tNjAAAAMAAJ&q=Shrinarayan+Chaturvedi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4X4HR_P2KY "श्री नारायण चतुर्वेदी का हिन्दी साहित्य की समृद्धि में योगदान"] (a [[TV program]] on [[Doordarshan]], 2021)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaturvedi, Shrinarayan}}
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of University of London Worldwide]]

Sedam Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:25Z

ArryArrd: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Sedam
|state = [[Karnataka]]
|type=SLA
| constituency_no = 41
| map_image = 41-Sedam constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Sharan Prakash Patil]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|district = [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
|established = 1956
|electors = {{formatnum:225688}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
|reservation = None
}}
'''Sedam Assembly constituency''' is one of 224 assembly constituencies in [[Karnataka]] in India. It is part of [[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || J. K. Praneshchari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || [[Kollur Mallappa]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Sher Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Nagareddy Patil Sedam || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Chandershekhar Reddy Madna || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Basavanathareddy Motakpalli || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Chandrashekar Reddy Deshmukh Madna || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Basavanathareddy Motakpalli || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="3" | [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]]
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Rajkumar Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sedam">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sedam |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1041.htm?ac=41 |access-date=22 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322100250/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1041.htm?ac=41 |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 93,377 |percentage = 53.06% |change = {{increase}}6.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajkumar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,816 |percentage = 28.31% |change = {{decrease}}22.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balraj Guttedar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,125 |percentage = 12.00% |change = {{increase}}10.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Lallesh Reddy |party = Kalyana Rajya Pragathi Paksha |votes = 6,712 |percentage = 3.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Bandi Sulepeth |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,441 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 691 |percentage = 0.39% |change = {{decrease}}0.40 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,561 |percentage = 24.75% |change = {{increase}}20.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 176,062 |percentage = 78.01% |change = {{increase}}4.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 175,997}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,688 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajkumar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 80,668 |percentage = 50.87% |change = {{increase}}14.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Sharan Prakash Rudrappa Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 73,468 |percentage = 46.33% |change = {{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunita Mahantesh Talawar Malkhed |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,075 |percentage = 1.31% |change = {{decrease}}22.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,260 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rekha Dayanand Hulasagud |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 1,099 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,200 |percentage = 4.54% |change = {{decrease}}5.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 158,677 |percentage = 73.75% |change = {{increase}}0.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 158,570}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 215,147 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,546 |percentage = 47.39% |change = {{increase}}10.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajkumar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,651 |percentage = 36.86% |change = {{increase}}4.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mukram Khan |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 27,047 |percentage = 23.94% |change = {{increase}}4.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaijnath Patil |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 6,148 |percentage = 5.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatesh Maruti Mengaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,034 |percentage = 1.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivsharnappa Mailari |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,589 |percentage = 1.41% |change = {{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Baba Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,141 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,895 |percentage = 10.53% |change = {{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,978 |percentage = 73.42% |change = {{increase}}8.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 112,983}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,212 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,686 |percentage = 37.23% |change = {{increase}}9.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajkumar Patil Telkur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,762 |percentage = 31.94% |change = {{increase}}8.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mukram Khan |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,396 |percentage = 19.11% |change = {{decrease}}5.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naresh Malkud |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,854 |percentage = 7.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Kumar Swamy Kodli |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,370 |percentage = 2.12% |change = {{decrease}}17.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sirajoddin |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,913 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,924 |percentage = 5.29% |change = {{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,995 |percentage = 65.21% |change = {{increase}}4.31 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,981}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,750 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.02 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharan Prakash Patil|Dr. Sharan Prakash Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,424 |percentage = 27.82% |change = {{decrease}}26.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar Reddy Deshmukh Madna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 23,413 |percentage = 24.65% |change = {{increase}}16.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajkumar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,892 |percentage = 23.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mukram Khan |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 19,041 |percentage = 20.05% |change = {{increase}}17.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Venkatreddy Patil Kolkunda |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,218 |percentage = 4.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,011 |percentage = 3.17% |change = {{decrease}}26.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,071 |percentage = 60.90% |change = {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,988}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,105 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}26.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Basavanathareddy Motakpalli |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,210 |percentage = 54.48% |change = {{increase}}23.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar Reddy Deshmukh Madna |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 20,526 |percentage = 25.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Shivashankar Tallalli |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,920 |percentage = 8.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srinivas Deshpande |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,025 |percentage = 7.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanna Peerappa Yelli |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,859 |percentage = 2.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Kodla |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,609 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,684 |percentage = 29.19% |change = {{increase}}13.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,934 |percentage = 64.98% |change = {{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,149}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,755 |percentage = 6.62% |change = {{increase}}2.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,796 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.69 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}7.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar Reddy Deshmukh Madna |party = Janata Dal |votes = 37,118 |percentage = 47.12% |change = {{increase}}17.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baswanthreddy Motakpalli |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,485 |percentage = 31.08% |change = {{decrease}}25.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaraj Patil Sedam |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,776 |percentage = 7.33% |change = {{increase}}4.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamanna Wachha |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 4,198 |percentage = 5.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. A. Patil |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,331 |percentage = 4.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallanna Mallappa Natekar |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,783 |percentage = 2.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Arjunappa Satnoor |party = Independent politician |votes = 957 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanna Khewaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 795 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,633 |percentage = 16.04% |change = {{decrease}}10.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 81,778 |percentage = 64.60% |change = {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,768}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,010 |percentage = 3.68% |change = {{decrease}}2.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,587 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.26 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Basavanathareddy Motakpalli |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,641 |percentage = 56.44% |change = {{increase}}28.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekhar Reddy Deshmukh |party = Janata Dal |votes = 20,925 |percentage = 29.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naseeroddin Khurshid |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,888 |percentage = 6.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narsingrao Dheemsenrao Bheemanhalli |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 1,965 |percentage = 2.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Venkatayya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,847 |percentage = 2.63% |change = {{decrease}}19.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhojappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 969 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,716 |percentage = 26.65% |change = {{increase}}12.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,660 |percentage = 63.85% |change = {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,235}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,425 |percentage = 5.93% |change = {{increase}}3.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,928 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}14.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chandershekhar Reddy Madna |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,982 |percentage = 41.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sher Khan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,984 |percentage = 27.77% |change = {{decrease}}13.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagreddy Lachmareddy Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,282 |percentage = 22.40% |change = {{decrease}}23.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Majeed |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,581 |percentage = 3.14% |change = {{decrease}}3.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhojanna Chanderappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 815 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tippanna Mukhadi |party = Independent politician |votes = 716 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Beerlingappa Pujari |party = Lokdal |votes = 593 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naseeroddin Khurshid |party = Independent politician |votes = 408 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,998 |percentage = 13.90% |change = {{increase}}9.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,803 |percentage = 56.05% |change = {{decrease}}0.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,361}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,442 |percentage = 2.78% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,425 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.44 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nagareddy Patil Sedam |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,800 |percentage = 46.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sher Khansab Tafjul Hussain Khan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,757 |percentage = 41.54% |change = {{increase}}24.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivalingappa Alias Salimoddin |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,802 |percentage = 6.21% |change = {{decrease}}31.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bjojanna Lachmappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,794 |percentage = 6.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,043 |percentage = 4.52% |change = {{decrease}}2.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,639 |percentage = 56.74% |change = {{decrease}}10.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,153}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,486 |percentage = 3.19% |change = {{decrease}}0.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,201 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.38 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}0.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sher Khan |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,397 |percentage = 45.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baswanth Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,761 |percentage = 37.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Saireddy Rudrappa Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,270 |percentage = 16.73% |change = {{decrease}}33.07 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,636 |percentage = 7.36% |change = {{increase}}4.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,154 |percentage = 66.83% |change = {{increase}}13.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,428}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,726 |percentage = 3.37% |change = {{increase}}3.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,549 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.44 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,682 |percentage = 49.80% |change = {{increase}}4.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhojappa Mogalappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 14,713 |percentage = 46.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadevappa Shivalingappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,095 |percentage = 3.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 969 |percentage = 3.08% |change = {{decrease}}1.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,678 |percentage = 53.55% |change = {{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,490}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,026 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.77 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Swatantra Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 13,173 |percentage = 50.35% |change = {{increase}}9.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Tippanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,943 |percentage = 45.65% |change = {{decrease}}13.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. R. Lakkappa |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,045 |percentage = 3.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,230 |percentage = 4.70% |change = {{decrease}}13.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,508 |percentage = 54.44% |change = {{increase}}14.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,161}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,529 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.30 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Swatantra Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,012 |percentage = 58.92% |change = {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devendra Kumar |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 6,981 |percentage = 41.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,031 |percentage = 17.84% |change = {{increase}}14.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 17,756 |percentage = 39.46% |change = {{increase}}1.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 16,993}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,993 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}56.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sedam <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kollur Mallappa]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,220 |percentage = 51.86% |change = {{decrease}}12.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanath Reddy Rachangouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 18,768 |percentage = 48.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh |party = Independent politician |votes = |percentage = |change = }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,452 |percentage = 3.72% |change = {{decrease}}38.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 38,988 |percentage = 37.60% |change = {{decrease}}2.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,988}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,685 |ref = |change = {{increase}}65.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tandur Serum <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = J. K. Praneshchari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,109 |percentage = 64.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sidramappa |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 5,623 |percentage = 22.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,386 |percentage = 13.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,486 |percentage = 41.75% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,118 |percentage = 40.05% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,118}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,713 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
[[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|17.18|77.28|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kalaburagi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Mysore State]]

Panth Pakar

2026-04-13T16:39:47Z

ArryArrd: Added Some Entry Basic Info...

{{See also-text|[[Sita Kund, Motihari]]}}{{Short description|Legend place of Ramayana in Mithila}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Panth Pakar
| building_name = Panthpakar Dham
| native_name = पंथ पाकड़
| native_name_lang = Mai
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|26.6436376|N|85.5594085|E}}
| coordinates =
| deity = Goddess Sita
| district = Sitamarhi
| state = Bihar
| region = Mithila
| country = India
| status = Hindu Teertha
| type = Legendary place of Ramayana
| functional_status = Recognised in Ramayana circuit
| category = Places of Ramayana
| founded_by = Goddess Sita
| established = Treta Yuga
| religious_features = Ancient divine Pakar tree
}}
'''Panth Pakar''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: पंथ पाकड़) is a legendary place related to the Indian epic [[Ramayana]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is located in the [[Sitamarhi district]] of [[Bihar]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=शर्म्मा |first=रामप्रकाश |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9.html?id=G7sBAAAAMAAJ#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80 |title=मिथिला का इतिहास |date=1979 |publisher=Kāmeśvarasiṃhadarabhaṅgāsaṃskr̥taviśvavidyālaya |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=केन्द्रीय गृह एवं सहकारिता मंत्री श्री अमित शाह ने आज बिहार के सीतामढ़ी में माँ सीता की जन्मस्थली पुनौराधाम मंदिर एवं परिसर के समग्र विकास की वृहद योजना का भूमिपूजन किया |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2154337&reg=3&lang=2 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> It is situated at a distance of about 8 kms in the north-east direction from the district headquarter of the Sitamarhi district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourism {{!}} Welcome to Sitamarhi District {{!}} India |url=https://sitamarhi.nic.in/tourism/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> According to Hindu adherents, it is believed that [[Sita|Goddess Sita]] stayed here for a night during her journey to [[Ayodhya]] from [[Janakpur]], after her marriage with [[Rama|Lord Rama]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-17 |title=सीतामढ़ी में आस्था केंद्र है मां सीता की विश्राम स्थली पंथपाकड़ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-sitamarhi-me-astha-ka-kendra-h-maa-sita-ki-vishram-sthali-panthpakar-2751075.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-17 |title=सीतामढ़ी में आस्था केंद्र है मां सीता की विश्राम स्थली पंथपाकड़ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-sitamarhi-me-astha-ka-kendra-h-maa-sita-ki-vishram-sthali-panthpakar-2751075.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== Panth Pakar village ==
The village, where the site of the legendary place is located, is also known as Panth Pakar. The village is in the [[Bathnaha Assembly constituency|Bathnaha]] block of the district.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Etymology ==
The legendary place is named after two Indic terms ''Panth'' and ''Pakar''. The literal meaning of the term Panth is road or way and that of Pakar is a tree from the species of Banayan trees in India. The term Panth refers to the path of the journey of Lord Rama and Goddess Sita from Janakpur to Ayodhya after their marriage. Similarly the term Pakar refers to the legendary tree of Pakar where they took rest for a night during their journey.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

== Legends ==
According to legend, there are several stories related to the epic [[Ramayana]] connected to the site of Panth Pakar. It is said that the princess Sita Devi of Mithila had rested for a night under a Pakar tree at this very spot. The [[Dasharatha|King Dasharatha]] of [[Ayodhya]] stopped here for a night's rest on their way back to Ayodhya after the wedding of Rama and Sita, along with procession of Lord Rama. It is said that during the stopover, Sita fashioned a ''Daatun'' (toothbrush made of plant stick) from the nearby Pakar tree branch and, after using it, threw it into the ground. The toothbrush sprouted a sprout, and over time, a large cluster of Pakar trees grew here. Nowadays, these trees are so large and intertwined that they are a fascinating sight for devotees. The devotees believe that these trees are living testament to Sita's memory, and that merely seeing them bestows blessings.<ref>{{Cite news |title=विवाह के बाद जहां रुकी थी माता सीता की डोली, अब होगा सीतामढ़ी के पंथपाकर धाम का विकास, जानें इतिहास |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/sitamarhi-panthapakar-dham-bathnaha-related-to-ram-sita-will-developed-know-history-local18-ws-l-9502119.html |work=News 18}}</ref> Similarly, according to an other legend, it is said that the first dialogue between Lord Rama and [[Parashurama|Lord Parshuram]] mentioned in [[Valmiki]] Ramayana and [[Ramcharitmanas]] took place at this same place.<ref name=":1" />

== Upgradation as a Teertha ==
In 2024, the [[Chief Minister of Bihar|chief minister]] [[Nitish Kumar]] of the state visited the holy shrine on 26th December during his ''[[Pragati Yatra]]'' in the region. He announced to recognise the site as a Hindu shrine known as ''Panthpakar Dham''. He also announced a budget of 23.66 crore for the development of the place as a Hindu ''teertha'' for the tourism of the Hindu pilgrimage in the world. According to the District Magistrate of the district, the fund of the budget will be used to develop the tourist destination of the Panthpadak Dham. A grand temple complex will be developed, which includes access roads, a cafeteria, a parking lot, and a thematic gate, potable water supply, streetlights, high-mast lights, pond restoration, and artwork. It is expected that it will create several tourism-related employment opportunities in the region.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=सीतामढ़ी: पंथपाकड़ धाम और पुनौरा धाम विकास के लिए मिली करोड़ों की राशि, बिजली ग्रिड निर्माण को भी मंजूरी |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/sitamarhi/sitamarhi-crores-sanctioned-for-development-of-panthpakad-and-punaura-dham-electricity-grid-construction-also-approved/articleshow/118051886.cms |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

On 8 August 2025, the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|union home minister]] [[Amit Shah]] included the site in the list of [[Ramayana circuit]] in India.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Sita temples]]
[[Category:Culture of Mithila]]
[[Category:History of the Mithila region]]

Neelira

2026-04-13T05:25:59Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|2026 Tamil-language film}}
{{More plot|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Neelira Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Someetharan
| writer = Someetharan
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Kaarthikeyan S
* [[Karthik Subbaraj]]
* [[Rana Daggubati]]
* Kalyan Subramanian
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Naveen Chandra]]
* [[Sananth]]
* [[Kapila Venu]]
* [[Roopa Koduvayur]]
* Tharmeega Manimaran
}}
| cinematography = Selvarathinam Pradeepan
| editing = Radha Sridhar
| music = [[K (composer)|K]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Stone Bench Creations|Stone Bench Studio]]
* Spirit Media
}}
| distributor = [[AGS Entertainment|AGS Cinemas]]
| released = {{Film date|2026|04|03|df=y}}
| runtime = 92 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Neelira''''' ({{translation|Long Night}}) is a 2026 Indian [[war film]] written and directed by Someetharan. Set against the backdrop of the [[Sri Lankan civil war]], the film stars an ensemble cast including [[Naveen Chandra]], [[Sananth]], [[Kapila Venu]], [[Roopa Koduvayur]], and Tharmeega Manimaran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2 April 2026 |title='Neelira' first review out: Early reactions praise Naveen Chandra film; Calls it 'One of the best films this year' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/neelira-first-review-out-early-reactions-praise-naveen-chandra-film-calls-it-one-of-the-best-films-this-year/articleshow/129965208.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403081045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/neelira-first-review-out-early-reactions-praise-naveen-chandra-film-calls-it-one-of-the-best-films-this-year/articleshow/129965208.cms |archive-date=3 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Set in [[Sri Lanka]], it features the [[Sri Lankan Tamil dialects|Eelam Tamil]] dialect.

The film was released theatrically on 3 April 2026. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who noted its realistic portrayal of the conflict's impact on civilians.

== Plot ==
In 1988 in [[Jaffna]], amidst the [[Sri Lankan civil war]], an [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Eelam Tamil]] family is in the midst of preparing for the wedding of their daughter, Vasuki. On the eve of the wedding, a group of [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] (IPKF) soldiers led by a Captain inadvertently occupy the family's home due to a navigational error. Realising they are stranded without backup and surrounded by local militants,{{Clarify|reason=are they the [[LTTE]] or Sinhalese militants?|date=April 2026}} the soldiers take refuge inside, effectively holding the family hostage.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Naveen Chandra]] as Captain
* [[Sananth]] as Castro/ Devan
* [[Kapila Venu]] as Devaki
* [[Roopa Koduvayur]]
* Tharmeega Manimaran
* Sidhu Kumaresan as Vasuki
* Vidhu
* Namasivayam Thambipillai
* Kayal Vincent
* Gajaraj<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2026 |title=Neelira – An important step |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/neelira-important-step |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404065915/https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/neelira-important-step |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |website=[[Tamil Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
''Neelira'' marks the feature film directorial debut of Someetharan, a Eelam Tamil journalist and documentary filmmaker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selva |first=Gopi |date=31 March 2026 |title="This is your film" - Interview with Neelira director Someetharan |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/your-film-interview-neelira-director-someetharan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331175444/https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/your-film-interview-neelira-director-someetharan |archive-date=31 March 2026 |access-date=10 April 2026 |website=[[Tamil Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Someetharan stated that the film was inspired by his own lived experiences growing up in a militarised zone in Jaffna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2026 |title=Someetharan on Neelira's CBFC cuts: 'They didn't want to butcher my film' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/someetharan-on-neeliras-cbfc-cuts-they-didnt-want-to-butcher-my-film-23623875 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404100220/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/someetharan-on-neeliras-cbfc-cuts-they-didnt-want-to-butcher-my-film-23623875 |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=10 April 2026 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by Kaarthikeyan S, [[Karthik Subbaraj]], [[Rana Daggubati]] and Kalyan Subramanian under the banners of Stone Bench Studio and Spirit Media. The technical crew includes music composer [[K (composer)|K]], cinematographer Selvarathinam Pradeepan and editor Radha Sridhar.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAjraB7XF_Q |title=Neelira Official Trailer {{!}} Naveen Chandra, Sananth {{!}} Someetharan {{!}} K {{!}} Karthik Subbaraj |date=27 March 2026 |language=en |publisher=[[Sony Music South]] |access-date=10 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260409232852/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAjraB7XF_Q |archive-date=9 April 2026 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Neelira'' was released in theatres on 3 April 2026, by [[AGS Entertainment|AGS Cinemas]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=2039742672282497336 |user=agscinemas |title=Here's the Tamil Nadu theatre list for #Neelira 🔥 Grand Release by @agscinemas ✨ #NeeliraFromTomorrow |author=AGS Cinemas |author-link=AGS Entertainment |access-date=6 April 2026 |language=en |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/DTX4u |archive-date=6 April 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film received generally positive reviews, with critics largely praising Someetharan's authentic writing, the tense chamber-drama format, and the performances of the ensemble cast.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2026 |title=Suriya praises 'Neelira' after watching the film; Calls it a powerful story about war and humanity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-praises-neelira-after-watching-the-film-calls-it-a-powerful-story-about-war-and-humanity/articleshow/129997505.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404112221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-praises-neelira-after-watching-the-film-calls-it-a-powerful-story-about-war-and-humanity/articleshow/129997505.cms |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

K. Janani of ''[[India Today]]'' similarly praised Chandra's "measured" acting, describing the film as a "quietly devastating" portrait of war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2 April 2026 |title=Neelira review: Someetharan's anti-war film is a portrait of war's human cost |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/neelira-review-someetharan-anti-war-film-a-portrait-of-war-human-cost-naveen-chandra-2890624-2026-04-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20260406090431/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/neelira-review-someetharan-anti-war-film-a-portrait-of-war-human-cost-naveen-chandra-2890624-2026-04-02 |archive-date=6 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] commended the "tight, tense drama" for effectively distilling the broader tragedy of Eelam Tamils through its single-night premise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2026 |title=Someetharan's 'Neelira' is a tight, tense drama about Sri Lankan Tamils during the war |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2026/04/03/someetharans-neelira-is-a-tight-tense-drama-about-sri-lankan-tamils-during-the-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404042119/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2026/04/03/someetharans-neelira-is-a-tight-tense-drama-about-sri-lankan-tamils-during-the-war/ |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |website=[[Baradwaj Rangan]] |language=en}}</ref> Akshay Kumar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' praised the cast and the film's incisive dialogue, but felt the tight 92-minute runtime occasionally rushed the character transformations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=3 April 2026 |title=Neelira Movie Review: A wedding, a war, and a wounded history |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2026/Apr/03/neelira-movie-review-a-wedding-a-war-and-a-wounded-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404014208/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2026/Apr/03/neelira-movie-review-a-wedding-a-war-and-a-wounded-history |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was also reviewed by ''[[Cinema Vikatan]]'' and ''[[Virakesari]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2026 |title=நீளிரா விமர்சனம்: போர் குறித்த முக்கியமான அரசியல் படைப்பு – இது பதைபதைக்க வைக்கும் ஈழத்து சினிமா! |trans-title=Neelira Review: a significant political work on war—a harrowing Eelam film! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/someetharan-directed-naveen-chandra-starrer-eezham-tamil-movie-neelira-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403110722/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/someetharan-directed-naveen-chandra-starrer-eezham-tamil-movie-neelira-review |archive-date=3 April 2026 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2026 |title=நீளிரா – திரைப்பட விமர்சனம் |trans-title=Neelira – Movie Review |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/242650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260406093323/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/242650 |archive-date=6 April 2026 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=[[Virakesari]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Karthik Subbaraj}}

[[Category:2020s war films]]
[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Anti-war films]]
[[Category:Films about the Sri Lankan civil war]]
[[Category:Films scored by K (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in Sri Lanka (1948–present) ]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:Indian war films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language war films]]

Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority

2026-04-11T23:21:48Z

ArryArrd: New New Article.

{{Short description|Literacy mission by Government of Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority
| abbreviation = KSLMA
| logo =
| type =
| fate =
| former_name =
| successor = 
| formation = {{Start date and age|1998|10|26|df=yes}}
| founding_location = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| headquarters = [[Pettah, Thiruvananthapuram|Pettah]]
| location = Thiruvananthapuram, India
| region_served = [[Kerala]]
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| leader_title2 = Vice Chairman
| leader_name2 = [[V. Sivankutty]]
| leader_title3 = Principal Secretary
| leader_name3 = Rani George [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title4 = Director
| leader_name4 = A. G. Oleena
| services = {{ubl|Basic literacy programmes|Equivalency programmes}}
| parent_organization = [[Department of General Education]], [[Government of Kerala]]
| website = {{URL|https://literacymissionkerala.org}}
}}
The '''Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority''' is an [[Autonomous university|autonomous institution]] under the [[Department of General Education]], [[Government of Kerala]]. It was set up in 1998 for the purpose of co-ordinating and activating the ''Literacy and continuing education activities'' launched by the [[National Education Mission#Saakshar Bharat|National Literacy Mission]], [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]]. Its headquarters is in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].

Kerala launched the continuing education endeavour on 26 October 1998 propagating the slogan ''Education for all and Education for ever'' six years after it bagged the envious title of total literacy.<ref name="Soundarapandian2000">{{cite book |author=Mookkiah Soundarapandian |title=Literacy Campaign in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVhHEC449yoC&pg=PA21 |year= 2000 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-8171415533 |page=21}}</ref> Presently the KSLMA is fully funded by the Government of Kerala in order to implement literacy, continuing education and lifelong learning programme designed and developed by the state. The District Literacy Missions are looking after the activities at the district level. The Continuing Education Centers functioning under the local self government institutions spread across the state are the service delivery unit of the mission.

In 2021, Kerala has been included in the Union government's new literacy scheme ''Padhna Likhna Abhiyan'' (Read and Write Campaign), the scheme of adult education, that aims at total literacy in the country by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Kerala included in literacy scheme |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/state-included-in-literacy-scheme/article33562525.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114164431/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/state-included-in-literacy-scheme/article33562525.ece |archive-date=2021-01-14 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Services==
===Basic programme===
Eventhough Kerala achieved total literacy, illiteracy still continues and the illiterates mostly concentrated in coastal and tribal areas. KSLMA envisaged Basic Literacy Programmes for eradicating illiteracy prevails in the state.<ref name="dh">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-19 |title=Over one lakh people achieve literacy in Kerala in four years |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/over-one-lakh-people-achieve-literacy-in-kerala-in-four-years-952931.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>
;Complete literacy
The KSLMA's ''Paripoorna Saksharat'' (complete literacy) mission is working towards complete literacy in the state through a multipronged strategy, including survey in areas with low access to education and classes for illiterates. As per the 2011 census, there were around 18.5 lakh illiterate people and 12 lakh neo literates in the state. A model survey been conducted in one panchayat in each district. It will be extended to all panchayats. The aim of the mission is to make the state fully literate in four years. special literacy drive being implemented in Coastal areas and tribal colonies to find out the number of illiterate persons.
;Aksharasagaram
KSLMA embarks on a literacy programme in the coastal areas of the state named ''Aksharasagaram'', the project is being funded by the government of Kerala's Department of Fisheries to improve the literacy rate in coastal areas where education generally takes a back seat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-25 |title=Mission learning: Determined elderly Kerala women join Aksharasagaram Literacy Programme |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/aksharasagaram-literacy-programme-979159-2017-05-25 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-07 |title=Literacy mission changes recruitment policy for social literacy schemes |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070418/literacy-mission-changes-recruitment-policy-for-social-literacy-scheme.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The first phase of the project been completed in [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] and [[Kasaragod district]]s where the literacy rates are the lowest. The second phase focusing on coastal areas has been launched in [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]] and [[Kozhikode district]]s. The second phase would cover 234 [[gram panchayat]] wards in 36 local bodies spread across the three districts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Praveen |first=M. P. |date=2018-04-21 |title=Aksharasagaram expanded to 3 districts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/aksharasagaram-expanded-to-3-districts/article23631682.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102053923/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/aksharasagaram-expanded-to-3-districts/article23631682.ece |archive-date=2024-01-02 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In the third phase, coastal villages in [[Kannur district|Kannur]], [[Thrissur district|Thrisuur]] and [[Alappuzha district]]s were covered. The project was rolled out in 138 coastal wards falling under 41 local bodies in three districts. This includes 13 local bodies each in Kannur and Alappuzha and 15 in Thrissur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidyadharan |first=Sovi |date=2019-03-04 |title=Project to eradicate illiteracy from coastal hamlets enters phase III |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/Mar/03/project-to-eradicate-illiteracy-from-coastal-hamlets-enters-phase-iii-1946256.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
;Total literacy programme for Tribals
KSLMA launched a project to impart literacy in 100 selected tribal settlements across the state. The project to be implemented in association with the Scheduled Tribe Development Department, envisages setting up of special literacy centres in tribal settlements with low literacy rate. Qualified persons from the tribal community will be appointed as instructors of the literacy programme. The statewide rollout of the programme is part of literacy missions task of eradicating illiteracy from all tribal settlements in a phased manner.
;Wayanad Tribal Literacy Project
A KSLMA survey identified 9,751 illiterat people from [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]'s tribal community. Around 300 literacy centres were launched in the district and 600 instructors were identified and trained. It was also ensured of the two instructors deployed for each centre, one will be from the tribal community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haridas |first=Aathira |date=2019-03-27 |title=Mission Tribal Literacy! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2019/May/27/mission-tribal-literacy-1982152.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="dh" />
;Attappadi Tribal Literacy Programme
This programme was successful in imparting literacy to 1,127 tribals spread across 63 settlements in [[Attappadi taluk|Attappadi]].<ref name="dh" />
;Jail Jyothi Project
The [[Kerala Prisons and Correctional Services]] launched a programme named ''Jail Jyothi – jails without illiterates'', to ensure total literacy among inmates in prisons in Kerala. It is estimated that nearly 1000 out of the 7000-odd inmates in 53 jails across the state were illiterate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-17 |title=Jail Jyothi programme launched |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Jail-Jyothi-programme-launched/article16496986.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717075454/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Jail-Jyothi-programme-launched/article16496986.ece |archive-date=2025-07-17 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Initiating jailbirds into the world of letters: Kerala Literacy Mission holds exams for prisoners |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/Feb/18/initiating-jailbirds-into-the-world-of-letters-kerala-literacy-mission-holds-exams-for-prisoners-1774944.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The first examination was attended by a total of 297 Jain inmates.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Nearly 300 prisoners appear for literacy exam in Kerala |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2018/02/18/prison-inmates-appear-literacy-exam-kerala.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref> The KSLMA has established a study centre at the [[Poojappura Central Prison]], the first such facility for prisoners in the State. The permanent facility, which will have dedicated instructors, will enable prison inmates to register for KSLMA's classes 10 and 12 equivalency courses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babu George |first=Sarath |date=2018-03-27 |title=Light of learning shines over prison |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/light-of-learning-shines-over-prison/article23358484.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115171756/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/light-of-learning-shines-over-prison/article23358484.ece |archive-date=2023-11-15 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

===Equivalency programme===
The state sponsored lifelong learning programme is concentrated on the equivalency programme at the four levels; 4th, 7th, 10th, 11th and 12th standard equivalency.

===Other projects===
;Changathi
''Changathi'' (Friend) is a literacy programme for migrant labourers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-24 |title='Changathi' literacy programme a success, makes nearly 4,000 migrant workers proficient in Malayalam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2020/Feb/24/changathi-literacy-programme-a-success-makes-nearly-4000-migrant-workers-proficient-in-malayalam-2107536.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> ''Hamari Malayalam'' (Our Malayalam), the textbook has been launched by the then Minister for Education [[C. Raveendranath]] at [[Perumbavoor]]. The book has 25 chapters dealing with various topics ranging from hygiene, health and technology to rights of workers and ethical values.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-29 |title=Kerala State Literacy Mission to start classes for migrants in 13 districts from April |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/Nov/29/kerala-state-literacy-mission-to-start-classes-for-migrants-in-13-distsricts-from-april-1713357.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
;Continuing education programme for Transgenders
Kerala being the first state to implement Transgender policy, KSLMA along with [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]] has rolled out a continuing education programme called ''Samanwaya''. It was launched in 2017 with an aim to provide free education for transgender people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P. S. |first=Sajimon |date=2023-10-12 |title='Padanaveedu' opens new chapters in the lives of transgender people in Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Oct/12/padanaveedu-opens-new-chaptersin-the-lives-of-transgender-people-in-kerala-2623082.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-18 |title=A step towards acceptance for these transgenders |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2019/Jun/18/a-step-towards-acceptance-for-these-transgenders-1991559.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Education in Kerala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://literacymissionkerala.org/en/home/ Official website]
{{Education in Kerala}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Educational organisations in Kerala]]
[[Category:Education in Kerala]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Kerala]]

Ram Prasad Nautiyal

2026-04-04T22:21:15Z

ArryArrd: Added New Stub Basic Info...

{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{More footnotes needed|BLP=no|date=August 2016}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Prasad Nautiyal
| native_name = राम प्रसाद नौटियाल
| nickname = Kaptaan (captain) Nautiyal
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = Captian Ram Prasad Nautiyal.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = Indian Freedom Fighter and Member of Legislative Assembly
| term_start = 1951
| term_end = 1962<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/#info_id12|title=Uttar Pradesh (UP) Legislative Assembly Election Date, Seats & Schedule}}</ref>

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1905|08|01}}
| birth_place = Kanda Khatli, Beironkhal Pauri Garhwal (United Provinces, British India), {{IND}}

| parents = Gauri Datta Nautiyal and Devaki Devi Nautiyal
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|12|24|1905|08|01}}
| death_place = Lucknow
| citizenship =
| party =

}}

'''Ram Prasad Nautiyal''' ({{langx|hi|राम प्रसाद नौटियाल}}) (1 August 1905 – 24 December 1980) was an Indian independence activist and politician from [[Uttrakhand]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
*http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/#info_id12
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160911163918/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=610&cid=31 Article title]}}
*https://www.tribuneindia.com/article/cm-inaugurates-1500-kw-dunav-hydro-power-project/511226/amp
*https://www.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/trivandhar-rawat-releases-1500-kw-hydel-project/amp_articleshow/62009698.cms
*https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-ironman-of-garhwal-captain-ram-prasad-nautiyal-jagran-special-22934912.html
*https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?3713

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nautiyal, Ram Prasad}}
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Culture of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Garhwal division]]
[[Category:People from Pauri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Activists from Uttarakhand]]

{{India-activist-stub}}

Ajit Doval

2026-03-29T15:59:31Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|5th National Security Advisor of India (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ajit Kumar Doval
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] [[Kirti Chakra|KC]]
| office = 5th [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor of India]]
| image = Ajit Kumar Doval.jpg
| caption = Doval in 2015
| predecessor = [[Shivshankar Menon]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
| predecessor1 = K. P. Singh
| primeminister1 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| successor1 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|01|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pauri Garhwal district|Ghiri Banelsyun]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj]] (present-day [[Uttarakhand]], India)
| spouse = {{marriage|Aruni Doval|1972}}
| children = 2
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) [[National Defence College, India|National Defence College]] ([[MPhil|M.Phil.]])
| website =
| awards = [[File:Kirti Chakra ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Kirti Chakra]] [[File:Indian Police Medal for Meritorious Service.png|20px]] [[Police Medal (India)|Police Medal]] [[File:IND President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.svg|20px]] [[President's Police Medal]]
| term_start = 30 May 2014
| term_end =
| term_start1 = 31 July 2004
| term_end1 = 31 January 2005
| profession = Bureaucrat
| image_size = 200px
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Spymaster]]}}
}}

'''Ajit Kumar Doval''' (born 20 January 1945) is an Indian [[bureaucrat]], [[spymaster]] and retired police and intelligence officer who has been serving as the longest tenured [[National Security Advisor of India]] (NSA) since 2014. Doval is serving his third consecutive five-year term as NSA. During his second tenure he was given Cabinet rank. Doval previously held the position of [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]] of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] from 2004 to 2005, after leading its operations wing for over a decade. He worked as a career intelligence officer for over 33 years. He is recognized for his contributions to counter-terrorism and covert missions.

Born in [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]] in present-day [[Uttarakhand]], Doval completed his education from [[Ajmer Military School]], [[Agra University]], and the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]]. After clearing his [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC) examination in 1968 he joined the [[Indian Police Service]] as a Kerala cadre officer. In 1972 he joined the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]. His field assignments have spanned Mizoram, Sikkim, Punjab, and Jammu and Kashmir. He has held diplomatic assignments at the [[High Commission of India, Islamabad|Indian High Commission in Islamabad]] and [[India House, London|London]]. He received the [[Kirti Chakra]] gallantry award in 1989, becoming the first police officer to receive the second-highest peacetime military honour. Doval was also involved in multiple negotiations of hijacked [[Indian Airlines]] aircraft. At headquarters he was founder chairman of the [[Multi-Agency Centre|Multi Agency Centre]] and the Joint Task Force on Intelligence.

He retired as [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|chief]] of the Intelligence Bureau in January 2005. In retirement he gave lectures, interviews and wrote [[op-ed]]s. Around 2008, he helped set up the [[Rashtriya Raksha University]]. In 2009, he became founder director of the [[Vivekananda International Foundation]], a public policy think tank based in New Delhi, and served as its director until his appointment as NSA. Major military operations during Doval's tenure include [[2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar|Operation Hot Pursuit]], the [[2019 Balakot airstrike|Balakot airstrike]] and [[Operation Sindoor]]. The [[2017 China–India border standoff|Doklam standoff]] was eventually resolved through diplomatic channels and negotiations.

== Early life, education and personal life ==
Doval was born in 1945 in Ghiri Banelsyun village in [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]] in [[United Provinces (1937-1950)|United Provinces]] (now in [[Uttarakhand]]) in the erstwhile British Raj (currently [[India]]).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Profile of Ajit Doval |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/profile/ajit-doval/news/637 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=[[India TV|India TV News]] |language=}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2016 |title=Top positions in country's security establishments helmed by men from Uttarakhand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com//city/dehradun/top-positions-in-countrys-security-establishments-helmed-by-men-from-ukhand/articleshow/56056880.cms? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221184712/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com//city/dehradun/top-positions-in-countrys-security-establishments-helmed-by-men-from-ukhand/articleshow/56056880.cms |archive-date=21 December 2016 |access-date=20 March 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He is the son of GN Doval and Indra Doval.<ref name=":17" /> Doval's father, [[Major (India)|Major]] Gunanand Doval, was an officer in the Indian Army.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=Ministry of Defence Press Release |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1697675 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250424202439/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1697675 |archive-date=24 April 2025 |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Javaid |first=Arfa |date=21 January 2022 |title=Ajit Doval Biography: Birth, Education, Awards, IPS, Intelligence and NSA Career |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/ajit-doval-biography-1594037328-1 |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=[[Jagran Josh]] |language=en}}</ref> He served in the [[Bengal Sappers]] for 36 years.<ref name=":6" />

Doval received his early education at the [[Ajmer Military School]] in [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan.<ref name=":4">{{Cite magazine |last=Donthi |first=Praveen |date=September 2017 |title=Undercover: Ajit Doval in theory and practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Krw1DwAAQBAJ&dq=Ajit+Doval&pg=PA28 |access-date=17 December 2025 |magazine=[[The Caravan]] |pages=28–55}}</ref> He graduated with a bachelor's and master's degree in [[economics]] from [[Agra University]] in 1967.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Ajit Doval: The most powerful person in India after PM Modi |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/ajit-doval-the-most-powerful-person-in-india-after-pm-modi/dobal-magic/slideshow/54405118.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827020355/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/ajit-doval-the-most-powerful-person-in-india-after-pm-modi/dobal-magic/slideshow/54405118.cms |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Ajit Doval profile |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/topic/ajit-doval |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> During his master's he secured first position.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=Who Is Ajit Doval? India's NSA Who Is PM Modi's Go-To Man Behind Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.news18.com/india/who-is-ajit-doval-and-his-operation-sindoor-role-india-nsa-pm-modi-right-hand-9328273.html |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The following year Doval cleared the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC) examination.<ref name=":21">{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Kunal |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Chanakya_of_Modern_India/YSKGEQAAQBAJ |title=The Chanakya of Modern India: Life and Legacy of Ajit Doval |year=2025 |pages=6, 14, 20}}</ref> He went on to graduate from the 30th course of the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], New Delhi, in 1990.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Mr. Ajit Doval, KC, National Security Adviser to Prime Minister of India |url=https://www.ldmf.org.in/pdfs/Biography_of_Mr_Ajit_Doval.pdf |via=Lalit Doshi Memorial Foundation}}</ref><ref>[https://www.hcicolombo.gov.in/ndca/content/Coffee_Table_Book_July28.pdf National Defence College Coffee Table Book]. p. 36</ref>

He married Aruni Doval in 1972 and has two children [[Shaurya Doval|Shaurya]] and Vivek Doval.<ref name=":8" />

During a lecture in 2015, Doval said that he comes from a vegetarian family however his work led him to eat non-vegetarian food as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao|first=Srinath|date=5 August 2015|title=NSA Ajit Doval underlines use of power: India should stop punching below its weight|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ajit-doval-underlines-use-of-power-india-should-stop-punching-below-its-weight/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917112642/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ajit-doval-underlines-use-of-power-india-should-stop-punching-below-its-weight/|archive-date=17 September 2021|access-date=5 September 2021|website=[[The Indian Express]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref> During a dialogue in January 2026 Doval was asked a question about how he uses communication tools, he elaborated that he largely does not use the internet for work, and the phone only for family and when speaking to people abroad. He stated that there were also other methods of communication not used by the general public.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trivedi |first=Akshat |date=11 January 2026 |title=NSA Ajit Doval says he doesn't use phone or internet. Here's how he communicates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nsa-ajit-doval-communicates-without-phone-internet-2850127-2026-01-11 |access-date=11 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2026 |title=Why Ajit Doval Does Not Use A Mobile Phone, Internet |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/why-ajit-doval-does-not-use-a-mobile-phone-internet-10647819 |access-date=11 January 2026 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

He does not have a social media account.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Leadership Talk with Shri Ajit Doval, NSA, Govt. of India [MHRD Innovation Cell- IIC] |url=https://dbcegoa.ac.in/leadership-talk-with-shri-ajit-doval-nsa-govt-of-india-mhrd-innovation-cell-iic/ |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=[[Don Bosco College of Engineering]], Fatorda, Goa |language=en-US}}</ref> He is fluent in Urdu.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |last=Pearson |first=Natalie Obiko |date=12 July 2018 |title=How Ajit Doval, India's 007, is shaping PM Narendra Modi's foreign policy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/how-ajit-doval-indias-007-is-shaping-pm-narendra-modis-foreign-policy/articleshow/54402427.cms |access-date=2 January 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389 |agency=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>

== Police and intelligence career (1968–2005) ==
Doval joined the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) in 1968 in the [[Kerala]] cadre as the Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) of [[Kottayam]] district in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Cithara |date=27 February 2020 |title=How Ajit Doval, the Centre's man Friday, suppressed a riot in Kerala in 1972 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/02/27/how-ajit-doval-the-centres-man-friday-suppressed-a-riot-in-kerala-in-1972.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921203441/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/02/27/how-ajit-doval-the-centres-man-friday-suppressed-a-riot-in-kerala-in-1972.html |archive-date=21 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2022 |title=Ajit Doval Birthday: The Brain Behind Surgical Strikes And Man of Many Firsts |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/nsa-ajit-doval-birthday-know-all-about-the-surgical-strike-mastermind-who-spent-7-years-in-pak-as-indian-spy-james-bond-of-india-5194981/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124122047/https://www.india.com/news/india/nsa-ajit-doval-birthday-know-all-about-the-surgical-strike-mastermind-who-spent-7-years-in-pak-as-indian-spy-james-bond-of-india-5194981/ |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[India.com]] |language=en}}</ref> In 1972, he was transferred to riot hit [[Thalassery]], Kerala.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Sudhakaran|first=P|date=1 October 2016|title=James Bond: How 'Indian James Bond' Ajit Doval had managed riot-hit Thalassery|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/How-Indian-James-Bond-Ajit-Doval-had-managed-riot-hit-Thalassery/articleshow/54624704.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119185245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-indian-james-bond-ajit-doval-had-managed-riot-hit-thalassery/articleshow/54624704.cms|archive-date=19 November 2021|access-date=5 September 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He was there for a few months between January and June 1972.<ref name=":24" /> In the same year he went on to join the central service, the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB).<ref name=":4" /> His government job in the IB largely saw him as a "typical undercover agent".<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Khosa |first=Aasha |date=2 November 2016 |title=Ajit Doval: The hawk |url=https://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/ajit-doval-nsa-national-security-advisor-pakistan-india-terrorism-kashmir |access-date=30 December 2025 |website=Governance Now |language=}}</ref>

One of Doval's first assignments in the IB was to tackle the insurgency in [[northeast India]], specifically in [[Mizoram]].<ref name=":4" /> Between 1972 and 1977 he officially led the IBs Subsidiary Intelligence Bureau in [[Aizawl]].<ref name=":4" /> Doval spent these five years mostly undercover.<ref name=":11" /> During this period he was awarded the [[Police Medal (India)|Police Medal]] for meritorious service in 1974.<ref name="tel" /> Doval had a role in laying the groundwork for negotiation, the 1976 agreement,<ref name=":4" /> and eventually the [[Mizoram Peace Accord]] of 1986.<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite news |last=Gokhale |first=Nitin |date=30 May 2014 |title=Ajit Doval: The Spy Who Came in From the Cold |url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/ajit-doval-the-spy-who-came-in-from-the-cold-564734 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> He was the man behind turning six of seven of [[Laldenga]]'s commanders.<ref name=":11" />

He had a role in [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|Sikkim's merger]] with India in 1975 encompassing political engineering, liaisoning and facilitation.<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=How Ajit Doval Outwitted A 'Spy Queen' And Secured Sikkim For India|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-ajit-doval-outwitted-a-spy-queen-and-secured-sikkim-for-india-9160823|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=25 January 2026|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251008042641/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-ajit-doval-outwitted-a-spy-queen-and-secured-sikkim-for-india-9160823|archive-date=8 October 2025|language=|date=26 August 2025}}</ref> He was head of the IBs Subsidiary Intelligence Bureau in Sikkim.<ref name=":4" />

Doval was in Pakistan for seven years.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|title=About Ajit Doval|url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-ajit-doval|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250811012001/https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-ajit-doval|archive-date=11 August 2025|access-date=27 December 2025|website=[[Business Standard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> He worked at the [[High Commission of India, Islamabad|Indian High Commission in Islamabad]] from 1983 to 1987.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baruah|first=Amit|date=25 May 2014|title=Ex-IB chief Doval tipped to be NSA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exib-chief-doval-tipped-to-be-nsa/article6046918.ece|url-access=subscription|access-date=29 December 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]|language=|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Officially he was head of the commercial section.<ref name=":18" /> His undercover roles in Pakistan would allow him to visit mosques for prayers and make friends through which he could gather relevant information.<ref name=":20">{{Citation |last=Shah|first=Amita|title=The Doval Doctrine: Never Say Never Again|date=17 August 2017|work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]|volume=9|issue=32|url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/the-doval-doctrine-never-say-never-again}} {{Pages needed|date=January 2026}}</ref> To fit the role, he had to get plastic surgery done on his pierced ears.<ref name=":20" /><ref>{{Cite news |title='Tum Hindu?': Ajit Doval Shares Chilling Lahore Encounter As Dhurandhar Brings Real Spy Stories Back Into Focus|url=https://www.news18.com/viral/tum-hindu-ajit-doval-shares-chilling-lahore-encounter-as-dhurandhar-brings-real-spy-stories-back-into-focus-aa-ws-l-9773110.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251218163056/https://www.news18.com/viral/tum-hindu-ajit-doval-shares-chilling-lahore-encounter-as-dhurandhar-brings-real-spy-stories-back-into-focus-aa-ws-l-9773110.html|archive-date=18 December 2025|access-date=12 January 2026|work=News18|language=en-US}}</ref> Working undercover in Pakistan as a beggar, he collected hair from scientists from a barber shop; this hair tested positive for signs of uranium, helping to expose Pakistan's nuclear programme.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2025 |title=How A Strand Of Hair Helped Ajit Doval Uncover Pakistan's Nuclear Plans |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ajit-doval-raw-isi-how-a-strand-of-hair-helped-ajit-doval-uncover-pakistans-nuclear-plans-9159992 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250829150258/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ajit-doval-raw-isi-how-a-strand-of-hair-helped-ajit-doval-uncover-pakistans-nuclear-plans-9159992 |archive-date=29 August 2025 |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2025 |title=Book reveals how Ajit Doval uncovered Pakistan's nuclear secrets disguised as beggar |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/book-reveals-how-ajit-doval-uncovered-pakistan-s-nuclear-secrets-disguised-as-beggar-13485408.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250829054136/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/book-reveals-how-ajit-doval-uncovered-pakistan-s-nuclear-secrets-disguised-as-beggar-13485408.html |archive-date=29 August 2025 |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]] |language=}}</ref> He also kept a watch over Sikh pilgrims and the separatist propaganda they faced.<ref name=":18" />

In 1988 during [[Operation Black Thunder]] he infiltrated the [[Golden Temple|Golden temple]] posing as a Pakistani agent disguised as a rickshaw puller, spied on [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani separatists]], and gathered information.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Donthi |first=Praveen |date=11 February 2019 |title=What Ajit Doval did during Operation Black Thunder II |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/government/ajit-doval-operation-black-thunder-excerpt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131095857/https://caravanmagazine.in/government/ajit-doval-operation-black-thunder-excerpt |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[The Caravan]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="giant">{{cite web |last=Datta |first=Saikat |date=28 May 2014 |title=Ajit Doval, giant among spies, is the new National Security Advisor |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ajit-doval-giant-among-spies-reports-back-for-duty-soon/article1-1223709.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531033653/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ajit-doval-giant-among-spies-reports-back-for-duty-soon/article1-1223709.aspx |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> He would go on to receive the [[Kirti Chakra]] for his role in the operation.<ref name="giant" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2021 |title=पाकिस्तानमध्ये गुप्तहेर म्हणून काम करत असताना पकडले गेले होते अजित डोभाल |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/news/birthday-of-national-security-advisor-ajit-doval-and-interesting-facts-as-a-spy-in-pakistan-gh-515139.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125054535/https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/news/birthday-of-national-security-advisor-ajit-doval-and-interesting-facts-as-a-spy-in-pakistan-gh-515139.html |archive-date=25 January 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[News18 Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref> At the time Doval was a joint director in the IB.<ref name=":23" /> [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|Insurgency in Punjab]] would keep him occupied for nearly a decade.<ref name=":18" /> In 1991 he headed the operation as a joint director to rescue a captured Romanian diplomat from four Sikh militant groups including [[Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan|Bhindranwale Tiger Force]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24-30 November 1991 |title=Raiding for Radu |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/Rading%20for%20radhu.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228124007/https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/Rading%20for%20radhu.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2025 |work=Sunday |publisher=Ananda Bazar}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=27 May 2014 |title=From backroom to limelight, Ajit Doval awaits crowning glory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/from-backroom-to-limelight-ajit-doval-awaits-crowning-glory/articleshow/35625258.cms |access-date=28 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In the 1990s he turned militant [[Kuka Parray]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Yadav|first=Yatish|date=17 August 2016|title=Return of the Superspy|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/Return-of-the-Superspy/2014/06/08/article2265019.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817150726/http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/Return-of-the-Superspy/2014/06/08/article2265019.ece|archive-date=17 August 2016|access-date=3 August 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Handoo|first=Bilal|date=21 July 2015|title=Ajit Doval in Srinagar, May Evolve A Strategy to Counter Home-grown Militancy|url=https://kashmirlife.net/ajit-doval-in-srinagar-may-evolve-a-strategy-to-counter-home-grown-militancy-82402/|access-date=2 January 2026|website=[[Kashmir Life]]|language=}}</ref> He also helped bring other Kashmiri separatists to the negotiating table.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Harsha |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Raw_Secret_Agents_Thrilling_Stories_of_I/LdLhEAAAQBAJ |title=Raw Secret Agents: Thrilling Stories of Intelligence Operations by Indian Spies |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |year=2023 |isbn=9789355624369 |chapter=Chapter 1}}</ref>

Between 1992 and 1996 he was posted at [[India House, London]].<ref name=":4" />

He has the experience of being involved in the termination of all 15 hijackings of [[Indian Airlines]] aircraft from 1971 to 1999,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Anil |title=IA's Terror Trail |publisher=Shehna Books |others=See 'Foreword' by Ajit Doval |year=2014 |isbn=9789351561811 |pages=7 |quote=...this book is perhaps the first effort of its kind, which chronicles all 15 incidents of hijackings of Indian Airlines aircraft between 1971 and 1999 [...] Having had the opportunity of dealing with all these hijackings in one way or the other...}}</ref><ref name=":20" /><ref name=":13" />{{Page needed|date=January 2026}} a notable instance was the 1999 [[Indian Airlines Flight 814|hijacked aeroplane IC-814]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Vijaita |date=11 July 2020 |title=Ajit Doval | the spy who came in from the cold |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ajit-doval-the-spy-who-came-in-from-the-cold/article32053422.ece |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="tel">{{cite news |date=7 July 2004 |title=Kandahar negotiator gets IB top post |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040708/asp/nation/story_3469111.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007010606/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040708/asp/nation/story_3469111.asp |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=27 August 2009 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=B. |author-link=B. Raman |date=23 April 2010 |title=M.K.Narayanan |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers37/paper3619.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623174351/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers37/paper3619.html |archive-date=23 June 2012 |access-date=3 September 2017 |website=South Asia Analysis Group}}</ref> Doval would go on to say the negotiation was a diplomatic failure.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 December 2009 |title='Kandahar hijack was India's diplomatic failure' |url=https://news.rediff.com/report/2009/dec/24/kandahar-hijack-was-indias-diplomatic-failure.htm |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Rediff]] |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> This was the first time Doval would come under the gaze of the media.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="tel" />

He was trained under [[M. K. Narayanan]], the third National Security Advisor of India for a brief period in counterterrorism operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=B. |author-link=B. Raman |date=22 January 2010 |title=M.K.Narayanan |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers37/paper3619.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423041224/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers37/paper3619.html |archive-date=23 April 2010 |website=South Asia Analysis Group}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shekhar |author-link=Shekhar Gupta |date=10 October 2018 |title=Checking out the Doval detail: Some myth, some reality, and much folklore |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/checking-out-the-doval-detail-some-myth-some-reality-and-much-folklore/132198/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131095855/https://theprint.in/opinion/checking-out-the-doval-detail-some-myth-some-reality-and-much-folklore/132198/ |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=}}</ref><ref name=":13" />

In the headquarters, he headed IB's operations wing for over a decade and was founder Chairman of the [[Multi-Agency Centre|Multi Agency Centre]] (MAC), as well as of the Joint Task Force on Intelligence (JTFI).<ref name="giant" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":7" /> He was appointed [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]] of IB in July 2004 and held the post until his retirement in January 2005.<ref name="tel" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 June 2024 |title=Who is spymaster Ajit Doval who got third term as NSA in Modi government? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nsa-ajit-doval-gets-third-term-in-modi-government/articleshow/110970336.cms |access-date=9 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Doval's career as an intelligence officer spanned over 33 years.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ex-IB chief Ajit Doval appointed NSA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exib-chief-ajit-doval-appointed-nsa/article6066371.ece|work=The Hindu|date=30 May 2014|access-date=30 January 2026|issn=0971-751X|language=|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> In 2004 Doval was made president of the [[International Association of Chiefs of Police]] for Asia and Pacific region.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Doval|first=Ajit|title=Chinese Intelligence : From a Party Outfit to Cyber Warriors|date=July 2013|pages=2|url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/chinese-intelligence-from-a-party-outfit-to-cyber-warriors.pdf|publisher=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}</ref>

==Post-retirement (2005–2014)==
Doval retired in January 2005 as Director, [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Sheela |date=26 April 2006 |title='Bangladeshi infiltration is the biggest threat' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/21inter.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109095702/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/21inter.htm |archive-date=9 November 2006 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> He continued working unofficially.<ref name=":2" />

In July 2005, Doval was briefly detained by Mumbai Police alongside Vicky Malhotra and Farid Tanasha, two members of [[Chhota Rajan]]'s gang. Doval had been working on a secret plan to kill [[Dawood Ibrahim]] in Dubai where he was attending his daughter's wedding. Mumbai Police were unaware of Doval's involvement of the plot as they had gone in to arrest the two gangsters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Vappala |date=4 May 2018 |title=Chhota Rajan's Victims May Have Cause to File Suit Against the Government |url=https://thewire.in/security/troubled-times-may-lurk-before-the-nda-vis-a-vis-chhota-rajan |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaktania |first=Saurabh |date=29 October 2023 |title=Mumbai Police didn't botch Ajit Doval's Dawood execution plan: Ex-IPS officer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dawood-ibrahim-execution-plan-ajit-doval-intelligence-bureau-meera-borwankar-mumbai-police-chhota-rajan-2455351-2023-10-29 |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=}}</ref>

Doval remained actively involved in the discourse on national security in India. Besides writing editorial pieces for several leading newspapers and journals, he delivered lectures on India's security challenges and foreign policy objectives at several renowned government and non-governmental institutions, security think-tanks in India and abroad.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":27" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=Moderate and Balanced Afghanistan- Imperative for Regional Security|date=16 July 2013|url=http://www.usinpac.com/defence-and-strategic-affairs-blog/afghanistan-its-security-stability-and-prosperity/|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131095858/http://www.usinpac.com/defence-and-strategic-affairs-blog/afghanistan-its-security-stability-and-prosperity/|url-status=live|website=[[USINPAC]]}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2014 |title=Hawkish Dr. Ajit Doval Appointed as India’s New National Security Advisor |url=https://tibet.net/dr-ajit-doval-appointed-as-new-national-security-advisor/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=[[Central Tibetan Administration]] |language=}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Around 2008, Narendra Modi, then Chief Minister of Gujarat, brought in Doval to set up a university, the [[Rashtriya Raksha University]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gokhale|first=Nitin A.|date=8 May 2025|title=National Security: What Makes The Modi-Doval Combo Tick|url=https://stratnewsglobal.com/world-news/national-security-what-makes-the-modi-doval-combo-tick/|access-date=21 January 2026|website=StratNews Global|language=en-US}}</ref>

In January 2009, he was chosen by the [[Government of Karnataka]] as its security advisor.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ajit Doval is state security adviser|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Bangalore/Ajit_Doval_is_state_security_adviser/articleshow/3944686.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 January 2009|access-date=31 January 2026|issn=0971-8257|last=Kumar|first=ND Shiva}}</ref>

In December 2009, he became the founding Director of the [[Vivekananda International Foundation]] (VIF), a public policy think tank set up by the [[Vivekananda Kendra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2017|title=About Us|url=http://www.vifindia.org/AboutUs1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901105629/http://www.vifindia.org/AboutUs1|archive-date=1 September 2017|access-date=31 August 2017|website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Smriti Kak |date=23 September 2017 |title=Former deputy NSA Arvind Gupta to head Vivekananda Intl Foundation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-nsa-arvind-gupta-to-head-vivekananda-intl-foundation/story-1DI4dJZc9jzKwt60EKzY1K.html |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=}}</ref>

In 2009 and 2012 he co-wrote two reports on "Indian Black Money Abroad in Secret Banks and Tax Havens" as a part of a task force constituted by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Gurumurthy|author2=Doval|author3=Vaidyanathan|author4=Jethmalani|date=31 January 2011|title=Indian Black Money Abroad in Secret Banks and Tax Havens (Second Report)|url=http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf/feb_08_bjp_task_force_report_ii.pdf|access-date=5 September 2021|website=[[BJP]]|archive-date=14 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095527/https://www.bjp.org/images/pdf/feb_08_bjp_task_force_report_ii.pdf|url-status=deviated|first=S.|first2=Ajit|first3=R.|first4=Mahesh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary Of Indian Black Money Abroad In Secret Banks and Tax Havens (Second Report) |url=http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6567:executive-summary-of-indian-black-money-abroad-in-secret-banks-and-tax-havens&catid=68:press-releases&Itemid=494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901110141/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6567%3Aexecutive-summary-of-indian-black-money-abroad-in-secret-banks-and-tax-havens&catid=68%3Apress-releases&Itemid=494 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=[[BJP|bjp.org]]}}</ref>

In 2012, IB kept eyes on him due to then ruling party Congress's suspicions that Doval and VIF were the brains behind [[Ramdev]] and [[Anna Hazare]] led anti-corruption movement, which generated anger against the government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=25 August 2012 |title=Intelligence Bureau to keep eye on former director Ajit Doval |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/glass-house/story/20120903-upa-ajit-doval-vivekananda-international-foundation-behind-the-anti-corruption-movement-in-the-country-759574-2012-08-24 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404071158/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/glass-house/story/20120903-upa-ajit-doval-vivekananda-international-foundation-behind-the-anti-corruption-movement-in-the-country-759574-2012-08-24 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=[[India Today]] |language=}}</ref>

As director VIF, he has delivered guest lectures at [[National Defence College, India|National Defence College]], [[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]], [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis]], [[Bureau of Police Research and Development]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration|Lal Bahadur Shashtri National Academy of Administration]], [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]], [[Rambhau Mhalgi Prabodhini]], [[IIT Delhi]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia|Jamia Milia Islamia University]], [[Osmania University]], [[Maharaja Agrasen College]], [[Kanpur University]], and [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]] among others. Lectures at foreign locations include [[International Institute for Strategic Studies|International Institute of Strategic Studies]], [[International Security Forum]], [[American Foreign Policy Council]], [[Capitol Hill]], Keizai Koho Centre, and [[Project Interchange]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Annual Report 2012 |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/131562549-Annual-Report-2012.pdf |publisher=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]|pages=40–47}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Annual Report 2013 |pages=43–52 |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/216083233-VIF-Annual-Report-2013.pdf |publisher=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 June 2011 |title=Power Shifts and International Order|url=http://www.isf.ethz.ch/isf/Program/Program-Guide/Plenary-Session/Power-Shifts-and-International-Order |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830033455/http://www.isf.ethz.ch/isf/Program/Program-Guide/Plenary-Session/Power-Shifts-and-International-Order|archive-date=30 August 2011|access-date=16 March 2013|publisher=International Security Forum}}</ref> Doval has written on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China, however comparatively very little on other countries.<ref name=":26" />

On being named the NSA, he stepped down from his post as director of VIF in 2014.<ref name=":11" />

==National Security Advisor (2014–present)==
[[File:Secretary Kerry Meets With Indian National Security Advisor Doval in Washington (31398436340).jpg|thumb|250px| NSA Doval meets with [[United States Secretary of State|US secretary of state]] [[John Kerry]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]]]]
=== First term ===
On 30 May 2014, Doval was appointed as India's fifth [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] (NSA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Devesh |date=30 May 2014 |title=Former Intelligence Bureau Chief Ajit Doval Appointed as National Security Advisor |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-intelligence-bureau-chief-ajit-doval-appointed-as-national-security-advisor-564725 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=}}</ref> Doval will hold the post as long as Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister, or until further orders.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 May 2014 |title=Ex-IB chief Ajit Doval appointed national security advisor |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/ex-ib-chief-ajit-doval-appointed-national-security-advisor/20140530.htm |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[Rediff]] |language= |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>

He was appointed as the Prime Minister's special envoy to Afghanistan.<ref name=":15" />

In June 2014, Doval facilitated the return of 46 Indian nurses who were trapped in a hospital in [[Tikrit]], Iraq, following the [[Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)|capture of Mosul]] by [[ISIL]]. Doval, flew to Iraq on 25 June 2014 to understand the position on the ground and make high-level contacts in the [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Haidar |first=Suhasini |date=1 July 2014 |title=NSA Doval went on secret mission to Iraq |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nsa-doval-went-on-secret-mission-to-iraq/article6187353.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301134039/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nsa-doval-went-on-secret-mission-to-iraq/article6187353.ece |archive-date=1 March 2015 |access-date=1 March 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Although the exact circumstances of their release are unclear, on 5 July 2014, ISIL militants handed the nurses to [[Kurdistan Regional Government|Kurdish]] authorities at [[Erbil]] city and an [[Air India]] plane specially-arranged by the Indian government brought them back home to [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2014 |title=Indian nurses freed in Iraq given rapturous home welcome |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28173993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131071959/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28173993 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |via=}}</ref>

Along with [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Army Chief]] General [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]], Doval planned a [[2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar|cross-border military operation]] against [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland]] (NSCN-K) separatists operating out of [[Myanmar]]. Indian officials claimed that the mission was a success and 20–38 separatists belonging to [[Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland]] (NSCN-K) were killed in the operation.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 June 2015 |title=Myanmar operation: 70 commandos finish task in 40 minutes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/myanmar-operation-70-commandos-finish-task-in-40-minutes/articleshow/47617871.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614044831/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/myanmar-operation-70-commandos-finish-task-in-40-minutes/articleshow/47617871.cms |archive-date=14 June 2015 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aman |date=11 June 2015 |title=NSA Ajit Doval, General Dalbir Singh planned retaliatory strike against militants |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ajit-doval-general-dalbir-singh-planned-retaliatory-strike-against-militants/articleshow/47622543.cms |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617000842/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ajit-doval-general-dalbir-singh-planned-retaliatory-strike-against-militants/articleshow/47622543.cms |archive-date=17 June 2015 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2015 |title=Ajit Doval skipped Dhaka trip for Myanmar operations |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/nsa-ajit-doval-skipped-modi-dhaka-trip-for-myanmar-operations-51467.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611135359/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/nsa-ajit-doval-skipped-modi-dhaka-trip-for-myanmar-operations-51467.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[India TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aman |date=10 June 2015 |title=Blow-by-blow account: How PM Modi, Ajit Doval & Army chief planned covert strike against militants |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/blow-by-blow-account-how-pm-modi-ajit-doval-army-chief-planned-covert-strike-against-militants/articleshow/47615318.cms |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614044806/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/blow-by-blow-account-how-pm-modi-ajit-doval-army-chief-planned-covert-strike-against-militants/articleshow/47615318.cms |archive-date=14 June 2015 |access-date=11 June 2015 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> However, the Myanmar government denied the strikes. According to Myanmar officials, the Indian operation against NSCN-K took place entirely on the Indian side of the border.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Layleigh |last2=Lone |first2=Wa |date=11 June 2015 |title=Government denies India operation took place inside Myanmar |url=https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/14978-government-denies-india-operation-took-place-inside-myanmar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804122805/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/14978-government-denies-india-operation-took-place-inside-myanmar.html |archive-date=4 August 2019 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[The Myanmar Times]]}}</ref><ref name="DC">{{cite news |date=11 June 2015 |title=Myanmar denies Indian Army raid inside its territory |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150611/nation-current-affairs/article/myanmar-denies-indian-army-raid |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614021044/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150611/nation-current-affairs/article/myanmar-denies-indian-army-raid |archive-date=14 June 2015 |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]}}</ref>[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the signing of a historic peace accord between the Government of India and Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN).jpg|thumb|NSA Doval at the witnessing of the signing of the peace accord between Government of India and [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland]]|left]][[File:Narendra Modi being given a presentation on counter-terrorist and combing operation by the Defence Forces, at Pathankot Airbase. The National Security Adviser, Shri Ajit Doval, the Chief of Army Staff.jpg|alt=|thumb|Indian PM Modi with the NSA Doval, the Army Chief [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]] and the Air Force Chief [[Arup Raha]] at [[Pathankot]] Airbase|left]]
He is widely credited for the doctrinal shift in Indian national security policy in relation to Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2017 |title=NSA Doval's 'double squeeze' strategy will never succeed: Pak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/nsa-dovals-double-squeeze-strategy-will-never-succeed-pak/articleshow/60791398.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925041430/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/nsa-dovals-double-squeeze-strategy-will-never-succeed-pak/articleshow/60791398.cms |archive-date=25 September 2017 |access-date=22 September 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> It was speculated that the September 2016 [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|Indian strikes in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir]] were his brainchild.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shaikh |first=Zeeshan |date=30 September 2016 |title=Meet Ajit Doval, the man behind surgical strikes across LoC |url=http://www.india.com/news/india/meet-ajit-doval-the-man-behind-surgical-strikes-across-loc-1524025/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203809/http://www.india.com/news/india/meet-ajit-doval-the-man-behind-surgical-strikes-across-loc-1524025/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |access-date=22 March 2017 |website=[[India.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=Ajit Doval likely to visit China: NSA's famed 'Doval doctrine' and deconstructing India's stand on Beijing |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/ajit-doval-likely-to-visit-china-decoding-the-nsas-famed-doval-doctrine-for-indias-stand-on-beijing-3811603.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030234/http://www.firstpost.com/india/ajit-doval-likely-to-visit-china-decoding-the-nsas-famed-doval-doctrine-for-indias-stand-on-beijing-3811603.html |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Glenn |date=30 September 2016 |title=India's aggressive approach at border is the brainchild of NSA Ajit Doval |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-aggressive-approach-at-border-is-the-brainchild-of-nsa-ajit-doval/articleshow/54599228.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909142704/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-aggressive-approach-at-border-is-the-brainchild-of-nsa-ajit-doval/articleshow/54599228.cms |archive-date=9 September 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jagannathan |first=R |date=5 August 2015 |title=Power doctrine of Ajit Doval: Why it is much better than empty Gandhi-giri |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/ajit-doval-power-doctrine-much-better-empty-gandhi-giri-2379720.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901031741/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/ajit-doval-power-doctrine-much-better-empty-gandhi-giri-2379720.html |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shaikh |first=Zeeshan |date=30 September 2016 |title=Meet Ajit Doval, the man behind surgical strikes across LoC |url=http://www.india.com/news/india/meet-ajit-doval-the-man-behind-surgical-strikes-across-loc-1524025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203809/http://www.india.com/news/india/meet-ajit-doval-the-man-behind-surgical-strikes-across-loc-1524025/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |access-date=8 October 2014 |work=[[Tehelka]]}}</ref> Doval is widely credited along with then [[Foreign Secretary of India|Foreign Secretary]] [[S. Jaishankar]] and Indian Ambassador to China [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]], for resolving the [[2017 China–India border standoff|Doklam standoff]] through diplomatic channels and negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=28 August 2017 |title=Inside story of how India achieved breakthrough in Doklam border standoff with China |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/doklam-standoff-china-pm-modi-nsa-ajit-doval/1/1035694.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114609/http://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/doklam-standoff-china-pm-modi-nsa-ajit-doval/1/1035694.html |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukharji |first=Shantanu |date=31 August 2017 |title=Doka La standoff: Ajit Doval proves it doesn't take a diplomat to resolve an international crisis |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/doka-la-standoff-ajit-doval-proves-it-doesnt-take-a-diplomat-to-resolve-an-international-crisis-3992365.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114535/http://www.firstpost.com/india/doka-la-standoff-ajit-doval-proves-it-doesnt-take-a-diplomat-to-resolve-an-international-crisis-3992365.html/amp |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Ajit Kumar |date=30 August 2017 |title=Meet Prime Minister Modi's key men who cracked Doklam for him |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/doklam-narendra-modi-china-ajit-doval-pla-beijing-bhutan/1/1036814.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901085638/http://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/doklam-narendra-modi-china-ajit-doval-pla-beijing-bhutan/1/1036814.html |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> As NSA, Doval is also the special representative responsible for the [[Special Representative mechanism on the India–China boundary question]].<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dikshit |first=Sandeep |date=3 February 2015 |title=PM plans 'outcome-driven' visit to Beijing in May-end |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/pm-plans-outcome-driven-visit-to-beijing-in-may-end-36854/ |access-date=9 January 2026 |website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]}}</ref>

In October 2018, he was appointed as the Chairman of the [[Strategic Policy Group]], which is the first tier of a three-tier structure at the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council]] and forms the nucleus of its decision-making apparatus.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 October 2018 |title=NSA Ajit Doval to head new Strategic Policy Group established to assist National Security Council |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-nsa-ajit-doval-to-head-new-strategic-policy-group-established-to-assist-national-security-council-470123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524235443/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-nsa-ajit-doval-to-head-new-strategic-policy-group-established-to-assist-national-security-council-470123 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[India TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gokhale|first=Nitin A|date=6 July 2024|title=The Rise and Rise of Ajit Doval|url=https://www.vifindia.org/print/12800?via=Azure|website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2018-10-10 |title=Strategic Policy Group reconstituted, Ajit Doval is Chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/strategic-policy-group-reconstituted-ajit-doval-is-chairman/article25175468.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-03-15 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language= |issn=0971-751X |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> As NSA, Doval is ''[[Ex officio member|ex officio]]'' agency executive of the National Security Council,<ref name=":4" /> chairperson of the [[Defence Planning Committee]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2018 |title=Government Sets Up Panel Headed By Ajit Doval For Defence Planning |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-sets-up-defence-planning-committee-headed-by-national-security-advidor-ajit-doval-for-def-1840098 |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> and executive council head of the [[Nuclear Command Authority (India)|Nuclear Command Authority]].<ref name=":4" />

After a Pakistan-based militant [[Pulwama attack|attacked a CRPF convoy with a car bomb]] in [[Pulwama]] which resulted in the deaths of 40 CRPF personnel, the [[Indian Air Force]] conducted an airstrike on terrorist bases in Pakistan <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=27 February 2019 |title=Only seven people knew about airstrike on Balakot. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/only-seven-people-knew-of-the-timing-of-air-strike-on-balakot/story-EjRsyhfQZg8VMgreUVvOxL_amp.html&ved=2ahUKEwiXgMLWluf8AhWo6jgGHciOBlYQFnoECCQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1Tyb5Iy4VGfSn0GH6DcUI- |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Doval was one of the seven persons who knew about India's classified [[Balakot airstrike|2019 Balakot airstrike]], including Indian Navy, Army, Air Force chiefs and prime minister [[Narendra Modi]]. Following the airstrike and retaliatory [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes]] and subsequent capture of Indian pilot [[Abhinandan Varthaman]] by Pakistani military, Ajit Doval held talks with [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] and [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] to secure the release of the Indian pilot.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 February 2019 |title=Govt hails IAF pilot Abhinandan's release announcement as major victory for India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-release-india-government-reaction-1467305-2019-02-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920063040/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-release-india-government-reaction-1467305-2019-02-28 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Das |first1=Krishna N. |last2=Peshimam |first2=Gibran Naiyyar |date=7 May 2025 |title=Who are Pakistan-based LeT and JeM groups targeted by Indian strikes? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/who-are-pakistan-based-let-jem-groups-targeted-by-indian-strikes-2025-05-07/ |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>[[File:The National Security Adviser, Shri Ajit Doval meeting the Afghan National Security Adviser, Mr. Mohammad Hanif Atmar, in New Delhi on November 08, 2015.jpg|thumb|NSA Doval meeting the Afghan NSA [[Haneef Atmar]]]]

=== Second term ===
On 3 June 2019, he was reappointed as NSA for another 5 years and granted the personal rank of a [[Cabinet Minister (India)|Cabinet Minister]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date=3 June 2019 |title=Ajit Doval reappointed National Security Adviser, gets Cabinet rank in new Modi regime |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ajit-doval-reappointed-national-security-advisor-gets-cabinet-rank-1541392-2019-06-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108012431/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ajit-doval-reappointed-national-security-advisor-gets-cabinet-rank-1541392-2019-06-03 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Doval is the first NSA to hold such a rank.<ref name=":18" /> He was previously a Minister of State.<ref name=":22" /> Doval is widely considered to be one of Modi's most powerful and trusted advisors, with major influence over India's national security and foreign affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2024 |title=Who is Ajit Doval, India's longest-serving NSA, now in his third term under Modi 3.0 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/who-is-ajit-doval-indias-longest-serving-nsa-now-in-his-third-term-under-modi-3-0/articleshow/110971725.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> He would go onto become India's longest serving NSA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tandon |first=Aditi |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ajit Doval, India's longest-serving NSA, turns 80 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/ajit-doval-indias-longest-serving-nsa-turns-80/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |language=}}</ref>

[[File:The Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh, the Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba and the Vice Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa call on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi.jpg|alt=NSA Doval, along with Army, Navy, and Air Force Chief meeting PM Modi|thumb|NSA Doval, along with Army, Navy, and Air Force Chief meeting PM [[Modi]]]]
He was also an instrumental figure in [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://theprint.in/india/how-amit-shah-ajit-doval-managed-to-stun-everyone-on-article-370-despite-telltale-signs/281647/|title = How Amit Shah, Ajit Doval managed to stun everyone on Article 370 despite telltale signs| website=[[ThePrint]] |date = 24 August 2019|access-date = 19 March 2022|archive-date = 19 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220319120044/https://theprint.in/india/how-amit-shah-ajit-doval-managed-to-stun-everyone-on-article-370-despite-telltale-signs/281647/|url-status = live}}</ref>

On 26 February 2020, Ajit Doval walked the streets of [[2020 Delhi riots|riot-hit northeast Delhi]] to assess the situation and reassure the local residents.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Situation in riot hit north east Delhi under control |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/situation-in-riot-hit-northeast-delhi-under-control-nsa-ajit-doval-11582721526763.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121031412/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/situation-in-riot-hit-northeast-delhi-under-control-nsa-ajit-doval-11582721526763.html |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=[[Livemint.com]]}}</ref>

On 15 May 2020, the [[Tatmadaw|military forces of Myanmar]] handed over a group of 22 militant leaders, active in [[Assam]] and other [[Northeast India|northeast states]], to the Indian government. This was made possible through negotiations headed by Doval.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shukla |first=Manish |date=15 May 2020 |editor-last=Bhandari |editor-first=Ankita |title=After NSA Ajit Doval's intervention, Myanmar hands over 22 northeast insurgents wanted in India |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/after-nsa-ajit-dovals-intervention-myanmar-hands-over-22-northeast-insurgents-wanted-in-india-2283828.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424085032/https://zeenews.india.com/india/after-nsa-ajit-dovals-intervention-myanmar-hands-over-22-northeast-insurgents-wanted-in-india-2283828.html |archive-date=24 April 2022 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=[[Zee News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=15 May 2020 |title=HT Exclusive: Nudged by Ajit Doval, Myanmar army hands over 22 northeast insurgents |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ht-exclusive-myanmar-flushes-out-northeast-insurgents-hands-over-22-to-india/story-x3CcZ88zxPj54l6XtqTj6L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214060208/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ht-exclusive-myanmar-flushes-out-northeast-insurgents-hands-over-22-to-india/story-x3CcZ88zxPj54l6XtqTj6L.html |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=}}</ref>

On 15 September 2020, Doval walked out of a virtual [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]] meeting after Pakistan projected a fictitious map omitting parts of India.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=NSA Ajit Doval walks out of virtual SCO meet after Pakistan projected 'fictitious' map |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/nsa-ajit-doval-walks-out-of-virtual-sco-meet-after-pakistan-projected-fictitious-map/videoshow/78138921.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803001503/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/nsa-ajit-doval-walks-out-of-virtual-sco-meet-after-pakistan-projected-fictitious-map/videoshow/78138921.cms |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

=== Third term ===
[[File:Putin had a meeting with NSA Doval.jpg|left|thumb|Vladimir Putin received NSA Doval in Constantine Palace in 2024]]
On 13 June 2024, Ajit Doval was granted third five-year extension for his tenure as National Security Advisor of India.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2024 |title=Ajit Doval Reappointed NSA, PK Mishra to Stay Principal Secretary To PM |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ajit-dovals-tenure-as-national-security-advisor-extended-5882199 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=}}</ref>

In the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]] following the Pahalgam terror attack, NSA Ajit Doval played a key role in formulating India's strategic response. He coordinated Operation Sindoor, a series of precision airstrikes on terrorist camps located in Pakistan. Indian officials described the operation as "measured and non-escalatory," aimed at neutralizing terrorist threats without provoking a broader conflict.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 May 2025 |title=Ajit Doval: India's super spy and man behind Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-nsa-ajit-doval-pm-modi-13886694.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: NSA Ajit Doval declares India ready to 'retaliate resolutely' if Pakistan escalates tensions |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/defence/2025/05/07/operation-sindoor-nsa-ajit-doval-declares-india-ready-to-retaliate-resolutely-if-pakistan-escalates-tensions.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=26 April 2025 |title=PM Shehbaz says Pakistan open to 'neutral, transparent' probe into Pahalgam attack |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1906694/defence-minister-khawaja-asif-urges-international-probe-into-pahalgam-attack |access-date=6 May 2025 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shahzad |first=Asif |date=7 May 2025 |title=India hit Pakistan civilian targets, Islamabad says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia‑pacific/pakistan‑vows‑retaliation‑after‑indian‑strike‑tourist‑deaths‑2025‑05‑06/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Information war: India vs Pakistan – who is telling the truth? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/7/information‑war‑are‑india‑or‑pakistan‑telling‑the‑truth‑about‑attacks |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

In January 2026, Doval addressed the "Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue," where he called on the youth to "avenge our history" through proactive national reconstruction.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 January 2026 |editor-last=Alam |editor-first=Majid |title=Let's avenge our history: NSA Ajit Doval wants youth to learn from past |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lets-avenge-our-history-nsa-ajit-doval-wants-youth-to-learn-from-past-says-india-was-indifferent-towards-threats-101768038504534.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> This address was noted for its departure from traditional scholarly focus on historical loot, framing nation building instead as a form of civilizational resurgence.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |date=10 January 2026 |title=We have to avenge our history, create strong India in every aspect: Doval |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/we-have-to-avenge-our-history-create-strong-india-in-every-aspect-doval/article70494475.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>

== Views and security positions ==
[[File:National Security Advisor of India Ajit Kumar Doval.jpg|thumb|Doval in 2023]]
[[A. G. Noorani]] and [[A. S. Dulat]] have, among others, called Doval a "hawk" or "hawkish";<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":28">{{Cite web |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |author-link=A. G. Noorani |date=28 October 2015 |title=The Doval doctrine |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/the-doval-doctrine/article23593361.ece |url-access=limited |access-date= |website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Noorani |first=A. G. |author-link=A. G. Noorani |date=2018-03-24 |title=A hawkish doctrine |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1397229 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaturvedi |first=Varun |date=2020-11-06 |title=Ajit Doval, India’s National Security Advisor warns China |url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/11/06/ajit-doval-indias-national-security-advisor-warns-china/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Modern Diplomacy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":31" /> further a "cautious hawk",<ref name=":26" /> a Pakistan hawk,<ref>{{Citation |last=Rej |first=Abhijnan |title=The BJP in Power: Indian Democracy and Religious Nationalism |editor-last=Vaishnav |editor-first=Milan |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/research/2019/04/the-bjp-in-power-indian-democracy-and-religious-nationalism |chapter=6. The BJP and Indian Grand Strategy |publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |last2=Sagar |first2=Rahul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Julia |last2=White |first2=Joshua T. |date=2014-05-29 |title=Views From Stimson On This Week’s Modi-Sharif Meeting • Stimson Center |url=https://www.stimson.org/2014/views-from-stimson-on-this-weeks-modi-sharif-meeting/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=[[Stimson Center]] |language=}}</ref> and a China hawk.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Bedavyasa |date=20 July 2017 |title=Will Doval Doctrine evolve with the Doklam standoff over China? |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/doval-doctrine-evolve-standoff-china |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=[[Observer Research Foundation]] |language=}}</ref>

=== Fourth-generation warfare ===
[[File:Ajith Doval presenting the PM's Baton and Home Ministrys Revolver to Shri Partharajsinh N. Gohil, during the IPS Probationers Investiture Ceremony, at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy.jpg|thumb|NSA Doval presenting awards to IPS probationers at their investiture ceremony, at the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]]]]
Doval, speaking at the [[Passing out (military)|passing out]] of the 2014 batch of IPS officers, said "You are now in the phase of [[Fourth-generation warfare|fourth generation war]]... It is a warfare with an invisible enemy... it's a warfare, in which the civil society is both the battleground and... the people that you have to protect."<ref name=":25" /> He states this is not a war of armies but a war of policemen.<ref name=":25" /> In the passing out parade of the 2021 batch of IPS probationers he reiterated the dangers that [[civil society]] present over the problems of [[Conventional warfare|conventional war]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2021 |title="Civil Society New Frontier Of War": National Security Advisor Ajit Doval |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/civil-society-new-frontier-of-war-says-nsa-ajit-doval-can-be-manipulated-to-hurt-nations-interest-2608976 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref> Critics argue that Doval's conceptualisation of fourth-generation warfare has "dangerous implications" and that Doval does not define what he means by "civil society".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Aruna |author-link=Aruna Roy |date=2021-11-19 |title=Civil society is not the enemy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ajit-doval-nsa-fourth-generation-warfare-constitution-7628080/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Venu |first=M.K. |last2=Mirchandani |first2=Maya |date=29 November 2021 |title=Locating Pegasus in Doval’s Civil Society as New Frontier of War |url=https://thewire.in/government/locating-pegasus-in-dovals-civil-society-as-new-frontier-of-war |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |language=}}</ref> According to [[Aruna Roy]], Doval was ignoring his obligations to the spirit of the constitution and to his office in his speech to the probationers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=K.S. |date=2021-12-13 |title=With advisers like these: Ajit Doval's disregard for letter and spirit of Constitution |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/with-advisers-like-these-ajit-doval-disregard-for-letter-and-spirit-of-constitution/article37935763.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |language=}}</ref>

At the 6th Pune Dialogue on National Security in 2021 Doval explained how this form of warfare targets people rather than territory and territorial frontiers, that is, it targets civil society and through them cumulatively the will of a nation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaidya |first=Abhay |last2=Suryawanshi |first2=Shweta |date=January 2024 |title=National Security Preparedness in the Age of Pandemics and Disasters: Recommendations from PDNS 2021 |url=https://puneinternationalcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/9-FINAL-National-Security-Preparedness-in-the-Age-of-Pandemics_May-3.pdf |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Pune International Centre |page=12}}</ref>

=== National security ===
According to Doval, the greatest threat to a nations' security is not external aggression but internal security.<ref name=":25">{{Cite news |date=31 October 2015 |title=Internal security going to be a big challenge for India: NSA Ajit Doval |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/internal-security-going-to-be-a-big-challenge-for-india-nsa-ajit-doval/articleshow/49609461.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 February 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389 |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> Doval has stated "India's internal vulnerabilities are much higher than its external vulnerabilities".<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Shashank |date=29 June 2014 |title=India's National Security Advisor: What advice will Modi receive? |url=https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/indias-national-security-advisor-what-advice-will-modi-receive |access-date=10 February 2026 |website=[[Royal United Services Institute]] |language=en}}</ref> His writings regularly tilt towards the importance of national issues as compared to external ones.<ref name=":26" /> In 2006 and 2011 respectively, Doval called infiltration of Bangladeshis and [[Left wing extremism in India|left wing extremism]] as the biggest internal security problems.<ref name=":26" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Sheela |date=26 April 2006 |title='Bangladeshi infiltration is the biggest threat' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/interview/inter/20060421.htm |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=[[Rediff]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=3 February 2011 |title=Internal Security – Need for Course Correction |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2011/february/3/Internal-Security%E2%80%93Need-for-Course-Correction |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]] |language=}}</ref> In 2025 Doval stated that "left-wing extremism has reduced to less than 11 per cent areas than what existed in 2014".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-01 |title='Facts are facts': NSA Ajit Doval says whole country, except J&K, secure from terror attacks |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/facts-are-facts-nsa-ajit-doval-says-whole-country-except-j-k-secure-from-terror-attacks-101761965574547.html |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=}}</ref>

==== Borders ====
In 2024, during the 21st [[Border Security Force]] investiture ceremony and [[Khusro Faramurz Rustamji|Rustamji]] memorial lecture, Doval said that India's economic progress and internal security has been hampered by undefined [[Borders of India|borders]] in the north and west, and that even in the future India's borders will not be as secure as needed when taken in accordance with the country's economic growth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-25 |title=India would have progressed much faster if we had more secure borders: Doval |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-would-have-progressed-much-faster-if-we-had-more-secure-borders-doval-9350632/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-05-24 |title=National Security Adviser Ajit Doval says undefined borders in west and north adversely affect country |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/undefined-borders-in-west-and-north-adversely-affects-country-says-national-security-adviser-ajit-doval/article68210849.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-02-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==== Bio-security ====
In the backdrop of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|in India]] Doval highlighted the importance of anticipating biological threats, since scientific research can be misused for harmful purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Yogesh |date=2021-10-28 |title=Deliberate weaponisation of pathogens big concern: NSA Ajit Doval |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/deliberate-weaponisation-of-pathogens-big-concern-need-to-develop-bio-defence-nsa-ajit-doval-101635443929268.html |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=}}</ref>

==== Governance ====
At the annual [[Sardar Patel]] memorial lecture in 2018 titled 'Dream India: 2030, avoiding the pitfalls' Doval stated that for the next ten years India needed a strong government with a "total mandate" which could take hard decisions which may not be populist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushik |first=Krishn |date=2018-10-26 |title=Need strong government for 10 years, enemies are within: Ajit Doval |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/need-strong-government-for-10-years-enemies-are-within-ajit-doval-5418974/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=}}</ref> At the Sardar Patel memorial lecture on governance in 2025 Doval shared a "security man’s perspective" on the importance governance has on securing a nation. He said that weak governance has led to [[Regime change|regime changes]] in India's neghbourhood in countries such as Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2025 |title='Regime changes in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal building cases of bad governance': Ajit Doval |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/regime-changes-in-bangladesh-sri-lanka-nepal-building-cases-of-bad-governance-ajit-doval-13645923.html |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2025 |title='Regime Changes In Neighbouring Countries A Result Of Bad Governance': NSA Ajit Doval |url=https://www.news18.com/india/regime-changes-in-neighbouring-countries-a-result-of-bad-governance-nsa-ajit-doval-ws-bl-9672612.html |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

==== Nuclear deterrence ====
Speaking at a [[Munich Security Conference]] meeting in Delhi in October 2014, he stated that India has shifted its nuclear stance "from [[credible minimum deterrence]] to credible deterrence".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Manoj |author-link=Manoj Joshi (journalist) |date=11 May 2020 |title=Answering the nuclear conundrum |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/answering-the-nuclear-conundrum-65939 |access-date=11 February 2026 |website=[[Observer Research Foundation]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer-Mitra |first=Abhijit |date=31 October 2014 |title=Era of effective deterrence |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/columnists/era-of-effective-deterrence.html |website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619112836/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/columnists/era-of-effective-deterrence.html|archive-date=19 June 2024|url-status=unfit}}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===
During the tenth [[Nani Palkhivala]] memorial lecture in February 2014, when talking about how to tackle Pakistan, he stated three postures- defensive, defensive-offence, and offensive. Doval said that India had so far been defensive and that it was time to turn to a defensive-offensive stance,<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Kanwal |first=Rahul |author-link=Rahul Kanwal |date=14 September 2015 |title=How super sleuth Ajit Doval spooked Pakistan |url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rahul-kanwal-india-today-ajit-doval-nsa-sartaj-aziz-balochistan-kashmir-taliban-mumbai2611-6222 |access-date=30 December 2025 |website=[[DailyO]] |language=en}}</ref> that is, "to defend ourselves, we go to the place from where the offence is coming".<ref name=":30" /> He rules out an offensive strategy as that could lead to the nuclear threshold being crossed.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2016 |title=Watch Ajit Doval say if Pakistan does 'one Mumbai' it may lose Balochistan |url=https://scroll.in/video/801447/watch-ajit-doval-say-if-pakistan-does-onemumbai-it-may-lose-balochistan |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> During the lecture he stated that if another attack like [[2008 Mumbai attacks|Mumbai 26/11]] happened, Pakistan may be split.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Ali |date=26 May 2018 |title=The Doval Scorecard. National Security in the Election Year |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/21/strategic-affairs/doval-scorecard.html |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=53 |issue=21 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> This three level engagement has come to be known as the 'Doval Doctrine'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dulat |first=A. S. |author-link=A. S. Dulat |title=A Life in the Shadows. A Memoir |date=December 2022 |publisher=[[HarperCollins|HarperCollins Publishers India]] |isbn=978-9356295971 |pages=262 |chapter=9. Spooks as Friends: A Tale of Two Spymasters |asin=B0BPJV4XP6}}</ref> The [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike]] has been called "a perfect example of defensive offense".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neelakantan |first=Shailaja |date=2016-10-04 |title=When NSA Ajit Doval outlined India's new Pak strategy- defensive offense - perfectly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/when-nsa-ajit-doval-outlined-indias-new-pakistan-strategy-defensive-offense-perfectly/articleshow/54670600.cms |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The [[2019 Balakot airstrike]], in response to the [[2019 Pulwama attack]], has also been equated to the doctrine.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed (Retd.) |first=Col. (Dr.) Ali |date=14 March 2019 |title=Shashank Mishra asked: What is the difference between 'defensive offence' and 'offensive defence'? |url=https://idsa.in/askanexpert/shashank-mishra-asked-what-is-the-difference-between-defensive-offence-and-offensive-defence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015014241/https://idsa.in/askanexpert/defensive-offence-and-offensive-defence |archive-date=15 October 2019 |website=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]}}</ref> It has also been compared to the slogan "{{transliteration|hi|ISO|ghar mein ghus kar marenge}}" ({{Translation|we will enter your house and hit you}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sehgal |first=Rashme |date=2025-08-02 |title=The dubiousness of being Doval |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/the-dubiousness-of-being-ajit-doval |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=[[National Herald]] |language=}}</ref>

The doctrine could also be felt at the 21st Lalit Doshi memorial lecture in August 2015 where, during the interactive session, Doval responded to a question saying "India has a mind-set where it punches below its weight. We have to punch not above our weight, we have to punch not below our weight, we have to increase our weight and punch proportionately".<ref name=":28" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2015 |title=Lalit Doshi Memorial Lecture Series: State Security, Statecraft and Conflict of Values. Interactive Session with Mr. Ajit Doval, KC |url=https://www.ldmf.org.in/pdfs/Interactive_session_with_Mr_Ajit_Doval.pdf |website=Lalit Doshi Memorial Foundation}}</ref> He added that if you have power but do not yield it, then that is as good as not having that power.<ref name=":28" /> Doval has mentioned the concept of "offensive defence", in relation to Pakistan, as early as 2006 during an interview; the interview was days after the [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]].<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |title='We Need To Shift To Offensive Defence' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/we-need-to-shift-to-offensive-defence-news-232027 |date=22 July 2006}}</ref> 'Defensive offence' and 'offensive defence' are similar however in the case of the latter, an offensive stance is taken preemptively with a defense purpose.<ref name=":29" />

[[A. G. Noorani]] has written that the "three themes of the Doval doctrine are irrelevance of morality, extremism freed from calculation or calibration, and reliance on military might".<ref name=":28" /> [[Harsh Mander]] has labelled these themes as 'amorality', 'offence' and 'militarism'.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last=Mander |first=Harsh |author-link=Harsh Mander |date=2017-06-08 |title=Harsh Mander: The taming of Kashmir is seen to be essential for the establishment of a Hindu Rashtra |url=https://scroll.in/article/839774/the-taming-of-kashmir-is-seen-to-be-essential-for-the-establishment-of-a-hindu-rashtra |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=}}</ref> When there is a question regarding the morality between an individual and the state, the state comes first. When there is a question between defence and offense, offense should be prioritised. And third, [[militarism]], [[might is right]]''',''' force by any means where the only objective is to win.<ref name=":30" />

=== Terrorism ===
At the Sardar Patel memorial lecture on governance on 31 October 2025 Doval stated that "terrorism in this country has been effectively countered"; he went on to explain that Jammu and Kashmir is a theatre for a proxy war or covert warfare.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-01 |title='Facts are facts': NSA Doval says terrorism in India has been countered; calls J&K 'theatre of proxy war' for Pak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/facts-are-facts-nsa-doval-says-terrorism-in-india-has-been-countered-calls-jk-theatre-of-proxy-war-for-pak/articleshow/125008307.cms |access-date=2026-02-17 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Doval stated in 2019 that the media is an important component in the terrorism ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-10-14 |title=‘If Media is Quiet About Attacks, Terrorism Will End’: NSA Doval |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/ajit-doval-terrorism-media-plays-important-part-quotes-margaret-thatcher |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=[[TheQuint]] |language=}}</ref> In 2023, speaking at an event in New Delhi, in the presence of [[Mohammad bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa]], Doval stated that "terrorism is not linked to any religion".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=Terrorism not linked to any religion, says NSA Ajit Doval |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120723/terrorism-not-linked-to-any-religion-says-nsa-ajit-doval.html |access-date=2 March 2026 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
* He has been awarded [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorates]] from [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] (formerly Agra University) in December 2017;<ref>{{cite web |author=Qureshi |first=Siraj |date=6 December 2017 |title=Colleges, universities have responsibilities to impart skills to students: Ajit Doval |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ajit-doval-colleges-universities-students-skills-global-competition-1101785-2017-12-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920063053/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ajit-doval-colleges-universities-students-skills-global-competition-1101785-2017-12-06 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> [[Kumaun University]] in May 2018;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santoshi |first=Neeraj |date=18 May 2018 |title=NSA Ajit Doval has a four-point mantra for success |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/nsa-ajit-doval-has-a-four-point-mantra-for-success/story-AhRiJl3uJtSNj2dgfvNX5L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/nsa-ajit-doval-has-a-four-point-mantra-for-success/story-AhRiJl3uJtSNj2dgfvNX5L.html |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]] in November 2018;<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2018 |title=India's 'human capital' can counter China's 'rare mineral wealth': NSA Ajit Doval |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/nov/03/indias-human-capital-can-counter-chinas-rare-mineral-wealth-nsa-ajit-doval-1893875.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905134455/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/nov/03/indias-human-capital-can-counter-chinas-rare-mineral-wealth-nsa-ajit-doval-1893875.html |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University|HNBGU University]] in December 2019;<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2019 |title=Ajit Doval given honorary doctorate by HNB Garhwal University |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ajit-doval-given-honorary-doctorate-by-hnb-garhwal-university/articleshow/72322032.cms |access-date=10 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|GB Pant Agriculture and Technical University]] in February 2023;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=16 February 2023 |title=Need to increase farm productivity, says NSA Ajit Doval on food security |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/need-to-increase-farm-productivity-says-nsa-ajit-doval-on-food-security-2335736-2023-02-16 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=}}</ref> and [[Central University of Punjab]] in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2024 |title=Central University of Punjab honours NSA Ajit Doval with D Litt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/central-university-of-punjab-honours-nsa-ajit-doval-with-d-litt-101710875070436.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=}}</ref>
* Doval was the youngest police officer to receive the [[Police Medal (India)|Police Medal]] for meritorious service.<ref name="tel" /> He was given the award by [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1974 after six years in the police force.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="tel" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2024 |title=The importance of being Ajit Doval: A 3rd term for the spymaster |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/the-importance-of-being-ajit-doval-a-3rd-term-for-the-spymaster/articleshow/110972441.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 December 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* Doval was later awarded the [[President's Police Medal]] for distinguished service.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Ajit Doval |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/profile/ajit-doval/news |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131095855/https://www.indiatvnews.com/profile/ajit-doval/news |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[India TV News]] |language=}}</ref>{{When|date=January 2026}}
* In 1989, Doval was granted one of the highest gallantry awards, the [[Kirti Chakra]], becoming the first police officer to receive a medal previously given only as a military honour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangchuk |first=Rinchen Norbu |date=11 October 2018 |title=1st IPS Officer to Win Kirti Chakra Just Became India's Most Powerful Bureaucrat! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/161862/ajit-doval-ips-spg-intelligence-news/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813210617/https://www.thebetterindia.com/161862/ajit-doval-ips-spg-intelligence-news/ |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=[[The Better India]] |language=}}</ref> He received the award for his role in [[Operation Black Thunder II]].<ref name="giant" /><ref name=":16" /> His official citation reads,<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Ajit Kumar Doval. Kirti Chakra |url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3706 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818160104/https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ajit-kumar-doval |archive-date=18 August 2017 |website=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text="Shri Ajit Kumar Doval was given several sensitive assignments directed against certain hard core terrorists. These assignments required a high degree of courage and dedication. It also put his personal security in peril. Regardless of the risk to his personal safety, Shri Doval prepared and executed plans against terrorists with a high degree of success bringing glory to his organization. During these assignments, there were long periods during which his whereabouts were not known which even caused concern that he has been caught and possibly tortured. 
In one such assignment, he was required to deal with a group of terrorists, some of whom were considered notorious and dangerous. Dealing with them posed a grave danger to his own life. Ignoring the risk involved to his personal security, Shri Doval prepared and executed a plan for enticing the terrorists and succeeded in trapping some of the wanted notorious terrorists. In carrying out these assignments, Shri Ajit Kumar Doval has not only exhibited remarkable resourcefulness and devotion to duty, but he has carried out his task with a single-mindedness of purpose and shown exemplary courage even risking his life on several occasions."|multiline=true}}
* In 2022 he was awarded the [[Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSA Ajit Doval receives Scroll of Honour at National Defence College|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nsa-ajit-doval-receives-scroll-of-honour-at-national-defence-college-101668061699467.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=10 November 2022|access-date=30 January 2026|language=}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* Doval appeared on [[Epic TV|Epic TV's]] show ''[[Adrishya]],'' in which his success against [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani separatist]] during ''[[Operation Black Thunder]]'' was featured.<ref name=":5">{{Citation |title=Adrishya – Ajit Doval {{!}} Full Episode {{!}} Indian Spy Master {{!}} Operation Black Thunder {{!}} EPIC |date=27 July 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1UN3UYzuaw |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317170135/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1UN3UYzuaw |archive-date=17 March 2023 |url-status=live |language=en |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* In the film ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' (2019), his cinematic character was portrayed by [[Paresh Rawal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Paresh Rawal gets into the skin of NSA Ajit Doval for 'Uri'. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/paresh-rawal-gets-in-the-skin-of-nsa-ajit-doval-for-uri/photostory/64519078.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* In the film ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025) and its sequel ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]'' (2026), the character "Ajay Sanyal" portrayed by [[R. Madhavan]] is heavily inspired by Doval.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar First Look: R Madhavan playing Ajit Doval in Ranveer Singh's film? Is this the real story |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/dhurandhar-first-look-r-madhavan-playing-ajit-doval-in-ranveer-singhs-film-is-this-the-real-story_224367 |access-date=4 September 2025 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vij |first=Palak |date=15 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar: A look at the real figures behind the characters, From Ajit Doval to Chaudhary Aslam |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-a-look-at-the-real-figures-behind-the-characters-from-ajit-doval-to-chaudhary-aslam-photo-gallery-13725900.html/amp#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17661389068298&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref>
* In 2025 web series ''Salakaar'' for [[JioHotstar]] based on his covert operation in [[Pakistan]] in 1970s, his role was played by [[Naveen Kasturia]] (as his younger self) and Purnendu Bhattacharya (as his present self) alias as Adhir Dayal.

== Selected bibliography ==

* {{Cite news |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=14 April 2006 |title=Red star over India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/red-star-over-india/ |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=1 June 2006 |title=Ways to defeat ourselves |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/ways-to-defeat-ourselves/ |url-access=subscription |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=19 September 2006 |title=A strategic setback for India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/a-strategic-setback-for-india/ |url-access=subscription |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=2007 |title=Islamic Terrorism in South Asia and India's Strategic Response |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pam019 |journal=Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=63–69 |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=29 August 2007 |title=If Sharif Comes Back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/If_Sharif_Comes_Back/articleshow/2317954.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=30 August 2007 |title=Needed: war on error |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2007/august/30/Needed-War-on-Error |website=[[The Indian Express]] |via=[[Vivekananda International Foundation|VIF]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=16 November 2007 |title=Djinn is out of Pak bottle |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125195130/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/djinn-is-out-of-pak-bottle/ |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=23 December 2007 |title=Growth of Maoists fuelled by politicians |url=https://www.vifindia.org/print/283 |url-status=dead |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=Mail Today |via=[[Vivekananda International Foundation|VIF]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=26 May 2008 |title=Two Clever Tips To Surprise Him |url=http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?237510 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127143956/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?237510 |archive-date=27 January 2011 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=6 December 2008 |title=The elusive national counter-terrorism policy |url=http://pragati.nationalinterest.in/2008/12/the-elusive-national-counter-terrorism-policy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002163819/http://pragati.nationalinterest.in/2008/12/the-elusive-national-counter-terrorism-policy/ |archive-date=2 October 2011 |website=Pragati}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=25 August 2009 |title=Bleeding From Within |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2009/august/25/Bleeding-From-Within |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |via=[[Vivekananda International Foundation|VIF]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=1 September 2009 |title=Abject surrender at Sharm-el-Sheikh |url=http://expressbuzz.com/Opinion/Op-Ed/abject-surrender-at-sharm-el-sheikh/99127.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528221948/http://expressbuzz.com/Opinion/Op-Ed/abject-surrender-at-sharm-el-sheikh/99127.html |archive-date=28 May 2012 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}
* {{cite web|last=Doval|first=Ajit|date=21 November 2009|title=Terrorist threat and response capability – India a year after|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/37211/terrorist-threat-response-capability-india.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=10 April 2010 |title=Naxalism: Need to revisit basics |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naxalism-need-to-revisit-basics/articleshow/5780193.cms?curpg=1 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=June 2010 |title=India’s Strategic Criticality: Need for an Effective National Response |url=http://www.vifindia.org/India-s-Strategic-Criticality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628121822/http://www.vifindia.org/India-s-Strategic-Criticality |archive-date=28 June 2010 |website=Eternal India |via=[[Vivekananda International Foundation|VIF]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=4 August 2010 |title=Complicated encounters |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/complicated-encounters/ |url-access=subscription |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=8 August 2010 |title=This new offensive needs new response |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/This-new-offensive-needs-new-response/articleshow/6272641.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=31 January 2011 |title=China Factor in North East Insurgency – Alarming Signals |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2011/january/31/China-Factor-in-North-East-Insurgency-Alarming-Signals |website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=3 February 2011 |title=Internal Security – Need for Course Correction |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2011/february/3/Internal-Security%E2%80%93Need-for-Course-Correction |website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}
* {{Cite news|last=Doval|first=Ajit|date=12 February 2012|title=Working in real time|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Working-in-real-time/Article1-810451.aspx|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005614/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Working-in-real-time/Article1-810451.aspx|archive-date=28 May 2014}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=6 June 2013 |title=Maoist War Against India: Time for United & Strong Response |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2013/june/06/maoist-war-against-india-time-for-united-and-strong-response |website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}
* {{Citation |last=Doval |first=Ajit |title=Chinese Intelligence : From a Party Outfit to Cyber Warriors |date=July 2013 |pages= |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/chinese-intelligence-from-a-party-outfit-to-cyber-warriors.pdf |publisher=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Ajit |date=2 September 2013 |title=Moderate and Balanced Afghanistan: Imperative for Regional Security |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2013/september/2/moderate-and-balanced-afghanistan-imperative-for-regional-security |website=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]]}}

'''Interviews'''

* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Sheela Bhatt |title='Why do you say Maoists are not terrorists?' |url=https://im.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/24inter1.htm?zcc=rl |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=24 April 2006}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Sheela Bhatt |title='Bangladeshi infiltration is the biggest threat' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/interview/inter/20060421.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=26 April 2006}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |title='We Need To Shift To Offensive Defence' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/we-need-to-shift-to-offensive-defence-news-232027 |date=22 July 2006}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Rajeev Sharma |title=Pak must destroy terror infrastructure: Doval |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060806/edit.htm#1 |publisher=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=6 August 2006}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Rajeev Sharma |title=It’s a civil war situation in Pakistan: Doval |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071230/edit.htm#6 |publisher=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=30 December 2007}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Multiple |title=IBN Live Interview |url=http://features.ibnlive.in.com/chat/view/166.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713023737/http://features.ibnlive.in.com/chat/view/166.html |archive-date=13 July 2011}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Harinder Baweja |title=‘Move to the offensive mode’ |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=Ne270908moveto_the.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201200800/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=Ne270908moveto_the.asp |archive-date=1 December 2008 |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |date=27 September 2008}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=The New Indian Express |title=‘We need a US-model security info network’ |url=http://expressbuzz.com/magazine/%E2%80%98we-need-a-us-model-security-info-network%E2%80%99/24539.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528221928/http://expressbuzz.com/magazine/%e2%80%98we-need-a-us-model-security-info-network%e2%80%99/24539.html |archive-date=28 May 2012 |date=20 December 2008}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Doval |first=Ajit |interviewer=Vicky Nanjappa |title='Time to stay a step ahead of terrorists' |url=https://news.rediff.com/interview/2009/oct/23/inter-time-to-stay-a-step-ahead-of-terrorists.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=23 October 2009}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Ravindra Kaushik]] – spy of India.
* [[Bahirji Naik]] – spy of [[Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
'''Doval doctrine'''
* {{Cite journal |last=Pathak |first=Ojaswa |title=The Doval Doctrine: Analysing the Legality of India's Policy of Cross Border Counterterror Operations |url=https://nliulawreview.nliu.ac.in/the-doval-doctrine-analysing-the-legality-of-indias-policy-of-cross-border-counterterror-operations/ |journal=NLIU Law Review |volume=X |issue=2 |pages=195–227}}
* {{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Aakar |author-link=Aakar Patel |date=13 May 2025 |title=Cohesive Security Strategy Needed: ‘Doval Doctrine’ Can Be First Step |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/aakar-patel-cohesive-security-strategy-needed-doval-doctrine-can-be-first-step-1878482 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Naveed |date=6 July 2025 |title=Doval Doctrine: India's trail of terror |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2554437/doval-doctrine-indias-trail-of-terror |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Manoj |date=8 July 2025 |editor-last=Ratti |editor-first=Pragati |title='No Proof, No Credibility': Indian Intelligence Sources Dismiss Pakistan's 'Doval Doctrine' Claims |url=https://www.news18.com/india/no-proof-no-credibility-indian-intelligence-sources-dismiss-pakistans-doval-doctrine-claims-ws-l-9428075.html |website=News18}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Shah |first=Amita |date=17 August 2017 |title=The Doval Doctrine: Never Say Never Again |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/the-doval-doctrine-never-say-never-again |magazine=Open Magazine |volume=9 |issue=32}}
* {{Cite web |last=Khare |first=Harish |date=17 July 2015 |title=The Doval Doctrine, from High Definition to Low Yield |url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/the-doval-doctrine-from-high-definition-to-low-yield |website=The Wire}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Malik |first=Tassawar Aziz |last2=Qayyum |first2=Sehrish |date=2022 |title=Indian Political Doctrines |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/68e1/6ad0929304ed7473a2b239e31cbb4ff1bd93.pdf |journal=Margalla Papers |issue=1 |pages=18–33}}
* {{Cite web |last=Aaron |first=Sushil |date=16 September 2016 |title=Narendra Modi is implementing the Doval doctrine in Kashmir |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/narendra-modi-is-implementing-the-doval-doctrine-in-kashmir/story-uPZfR9aNCPwFCD3VkTnWZN.html |website=Hindustan Times}}
* {{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Srijan |title=India’s National Security Evolution: Urgent Need for Comprehensive Strategy |date=19 December 2023 |url=https://www.fairobserver.com/world-news/india-news/indias-national-security-evolution-urgent-need-for-comprehensive-strategy/ |publisher=Fair Observer |last2=Gupta |first2=Prakrat}}
* {{Cite web |date=6 January 2016 |title=Watch Ajit Doval say if Pakistan does 'one Mumbai' it may lose Balochistan |url=https://scroll.in/video/801447/watch-ajit-doval-say-if-pakistan-does-onemumbai-it-may-lose-balochistan |website=Scroll.in}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.vifindia.org/author/shri-ajit-doval VIF articles by Ajit Doval]
* {{Commons category-inline|Ajit Doval}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shivshankar Menon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]]|years=2014–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-civ|pol}}
{{s-bef|before= K. P. Singh}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of Intelligence Bureau]]|years=2004–2005}}
{{s-aft|after= [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indian civil servants}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doval, Ajit}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Directors of Intelligence Bureau (India)]]
[[Category:Garhwali people]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Indian spies]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:National Security Advisor of India]]
[[Category:People from Pauri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:People from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kirti Chakra]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]

Vellore Assembly constituency

2026-03-29T08:19:23Z

ArryArrd: updated details

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 43
| map_image = Constitution-Vellore.svg
| district = [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[P. Karthikeyan]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Vellore
| electors = 211,063
| reservation =
}}

'''Vellore''' is a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|legislative assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 43. It includes the city of [[Vellore]] and forms a part of [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections to the [[Parliament of India]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Vellore was one of the 17 assembly constituencies to have [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs in the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ec-to-tighten-grip-on-cash-for-votes/article8225776.ece|title=EC to tighten grip on cash for votes}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/verify-your-vote-through-vvpat/article8330062.ece|title=Verify your vote through VVPAT|website=The Hindu|access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> The most successful party is DMK, which has been elected seven times.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[H. M. Jaganathan]] and [[A. K. Masilamany Chetty]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[M. P. Sarathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[R. Jeevarathna Mudaliar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| M. P. Sarathy
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[M. P. Sarathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[A. K. Ranganathan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="3"|[[V. M. Devaraj]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="4"|[[C. Gnanasekaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=2|dab=y}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Dr. V. S. Vijay]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"|[[P. Karthikeyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.25}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|52.46}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|70.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|30.47}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.61}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|45.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|16.76}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Karthikeyan]]|party=Secular Progressive Alliance |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. K. Appu|party=AIADMK-led Alliance|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Soniya|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= M.M. Vinoth Kannan|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 198722|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web|title=Vellore Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a043|access-date= 2 Jul 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Karthikeyan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=84,299 |percentage=47.24% |change=-4.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. K. Appu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,118 |percentage=42.09% |change=+5.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Poonkundran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=8,530 |percentage=4.78% |change=+3.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Vikram Chakravarthy |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=7,243 |percentage=4.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,441 |percentage=0.81% |change=-0.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Naresh Kumar |party=Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi |votes=928 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,181 |percentage=5.14% |change= -10.16% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=178,458 |percentage=70.52% |change= 1.93% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=324|percentage=0.18% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 253,049 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.29% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Karthikeyan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=88,264 |percentage=51.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Harun Rasheed |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,054 |percentage=36.23% |change=-14.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Elangovan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,212 |percentage=3.04% |change=-0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Lakshmi Narayanan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=5,185 |percentage=3.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Abdur Rahman |party=Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |votes=2,590 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,400 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Manigandan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,639 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shaik Meeran |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=1,100 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,210 |percentage=15.30% |change= 4.52% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=171,279 |percentage=68.59% |change= -5.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249,715 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.71% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. S. Vijay|Dr. V. S. Vijay]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71,522 |percentage=50.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Gnanasekharan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=56,346 |percentage=40.04% |change=-7.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Hassan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,273 |percentage=3.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. V. Aravinth |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,334 |percentage=3.08% |change=+1.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. S. Elumalai |party=Independent politician |votes=1,333 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,176 |percentage=10.78% |change= -5.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=140,740 |percentage=73.59% |change= 8.34% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,251 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.57% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Gnanasekharan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=63,957 |percentage=47.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Subramani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,120 |percentage=31.12% |change=+29.3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. G. Ravi |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=15,710 |percentage=11.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Rajenderan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=9,549 |percentage=7.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kalaiselvi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,161 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,837 |percentage=16.13% |change= 6.52% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=135,359 |percentage=65.25% |change= 10.79% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,448 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -5.21% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Gnanasekharan]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=60,697 |percentage=52.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Ramalingam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,573 |percentage=42.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajasekaran |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,098 |percentage=1.81% |change=-3.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Abdul Jameel |party=Independent politician |votes=1,192 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ramu |party=Independent politician |votes=959 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,124 |percentage=9.61% |change= -42.79% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,708 |percentage=54.46% |change= -6.96% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 212,486 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -18.41% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Gnanasekharan]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=82,339 |percentage=70.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. B. Bhaskaran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,451 |percentage=18.46% |change=-39.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Subramani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,359 |percentage=5.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Chidambaram |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=3,009 |percentage=2.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sekar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,447 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=60,888 |percentage=52.40% |change= 30.25% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=116,193 |percentage=61.42% |change= 6.33% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 194,734 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.56% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Gnanasekharan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=60,698 |percentage=58.30% |change=+40.76 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Ramalingam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,632 |percentage=36.15% |change=-11.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. M. Habibullah |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes=3,973 |percentage=3.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Loganathan |party=Janata Party |votes=828 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,066 |percentage=22.16% |change= 3.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=104,111 |percentage=55.09% |change= -10.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,744 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 10.93% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. M. Devaraj]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,470 |percentage=47.37% |change=-6.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Neelakandan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,110 |percentage=29.20% |change=-14.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Shanmugasudaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,683 |percentage=17.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Jaganmohan Alias Sivajimohan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,535 |percentage=4.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ilamathi |party=Independent politician |votes=856 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,360 |percentage=18.17% |change= 8.23% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=106,539 |percentage=65.81% |change= -7.60% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,678 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.64% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. M. Devaraj]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=54,453 |percentage=54.01% |change=+4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Ranganathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,430 |percentage=44.07% |change=-0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kulasekaran |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=1,078 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arumugam Alias Vidivelli Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=552 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,023 |percentage=9.94% |change= 4.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,823 |percentage=73.41% |change= 9.27% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,315 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. M. Devaraj]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,126 |percentage=49.68% |change=+25.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Ranganathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,619 |percentage=44.49% |change=+14.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Eswaran |party=Janata Party |votes=4,489 |percentage=5.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,507 |percentage=5.19% |change= 4.24% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,803 |percentage=64.14% |change= -3.48% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,560 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 19.21% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Ranganathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,590 |percentage=30.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Lalalajpathy |party=Janata Party |votes=25,758 |percentage=29.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. M. Devaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,229 |percentage=24.33% |change=-28.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Dakshinamoorthy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,043 |percentage=13.80% |change=-30.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Moorthv |party=Independent politician |votes=1,064 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=832 |percentage=0.95% |change= -7.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,258 |percentage=67.63% |change= -3.80% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,154 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Sarathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,968 |percentage=52.85% |change=-6.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Lalalajapathy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,401 |percentage=43.94% |change=+6.3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Iiamathi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,587 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abdul Khader Jamali |party=Independent politician |votes=665 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,567 |percentage=8.91% |change= -12.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,735 |percentage=71.43% |change= -7.54% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,424 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.11% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Sarathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,863 |percentage=58.96% |change=+18.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Mudaliar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,449 |percentage=37.64% |change=-2.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. K. Damodaran |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,209 |percentage=1.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=550 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mani |party=Independent politician |votes=350 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,414 |percentage=21.32% |change= 21.03% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,613 |percentage=78.97% |change= 3.17% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,490 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 18.34% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jeevarathna Mudaliar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,739 |percentage=40.61% |change=+19.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Sarathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,549 |percentage=40.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundaram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=11,760 |percentage=17.86% |change=-15.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=W. Rajammal |party=Independent politician |votes=412 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramani |party=Independent politician |votes=378 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=190 |percentage=0.29% |change= -11.57% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,838 |percentage=75.80% |change= 30.11% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,029 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -4.79% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Sarathy]] |party=Independent politician |votes=18,520 |percentage=45.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundara Gounder |party=Communist Party of India |votes=13,683 |percentage=33.55% |change=+22.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. M. Ramasamy Mudaliar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,586 |percentage=21.05% |change=+4.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,837 |percentage=11.86% |change= 11.34% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,789 |percentage=45.68% |change= -45.54% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,284 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 28.65% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Masilamani Chetty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,422 |percentage=16.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Radhakrishnan |party=Commonweal Party |votes=22,701 |percentage=16.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=H. M. Jagnanathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,406 |percentage=15.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. R. Sundaram]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=14,924 |percentage=10.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Abdul Wahib |party=Independent politician |votes=11,232 |percentage=8.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Daivasingamani |party=Republican Party of India |votes=10,704 |percentage=7.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kuppuswami Mudali |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=10,446 |percentage=7.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Moorthy |party=Independent politician |votes=6,915 |percentage=4.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Srinivasa Mudali |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Maha Sabha |votes=6,342 |percentage=4.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Adimoolam |party=Independent politician |votes=5,898 |percentage=4.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Govindaswami |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=5,769 |percentage=4.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=721 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=139,759 |percentage=91.23% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,200 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|12.920219|N|79.133306|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellore]]
[[Category:Vellore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Bandri, Madhya Pradesh

2026-03-24T20:40:05Z

ArryArrd: made some page from scratch

{{Short description|Town in India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name = Bandri
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = City
| official_name = Bandri
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_alt = Vidisha
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_map_alt = Vidisha
| coordinates = {{coord|24.04|N|78.63|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sagar district|Sagar]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 424
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total = 10,802
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = MP-15
| website =
}}
'''Bandri''' is a town and [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Sagar district|Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh]]; [[Khurai]] is the nearest city from it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teenbattinews.com/2022/06/sagar-bjp.html|title=SAGAR : BJP :सुरखी, बिलहरा, मालथौन, बांदरी , बरोदिया, बडा ,शाहगढ़ , नगर पंचायत के वार्ड पार्षद प्रत्याशियों की घोषणा}}</ref>

==Geography==
Bandri is located in the northern part of the district. Bandri's pin code is 470442 and it is 30 km (18.6411 miles) away from the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.mapsofindia.com/pincode/amp/madhya-pradesh/sagar/bandri.html|title=Bandri Pin Code, Sagar (Madhya Pradesh) | Bandri Postal Index Number Code (Pincode)}}</ref>

==Administration==
Bandri is part of the [[Khurai, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Khurai Assembly]]. [[Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|bhupendra singh]] is city's MLA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3066|title=Bhupendra Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KHURAI(SAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

Bandri is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every five years.

==Transportation==
Bandri is well connected with roads. Daily bus service runs from here to Sagar and Khurai. [[NH 44]] passes through here, connecting it to other major state cities.

==See also ==
* [[Sagar District]]
* [[Khurai]]
* [[Malthon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh]]

Ram Naik

2026-03-22T09:13:54Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1934)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Ram Naik
|native_name =
|image = Governor Ram Naik.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Naik in 2019
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1934|04|16}}
|birth_place = [[Sangli]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
|nationality = Indian
|awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2024)
|residence =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|profession = [[Politician]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ram Naik to be sworn-in as UP Governor on July 22|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ram-Naik-to-be-sworn-in-as-UP-Governor-on-July-22/articleshow/38593387.cms|work=Timesofindia Journal|agency=PTI|date=18 July 2014|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>
|order = 19th
|office = Governor of Uttar Pradesh
|term_start = 22 July 2014
|term_end = 28 July 2019
|1blankname = Chief Minister
|1namedata = [[Akhilesh Yadav]] [[Yogi Adityanath]]
|successor = [[Anandiben Patel]]
|predecessor = [[Aziz Qureshi]] {{small|''(additional charge)''}}
|office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|term_start2 = 1989
|term_end2 = 2004
|office3 = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Union Minister of Railways]]
|predecessor3 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
|successor3 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
|primeminister3 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|term_start3 = {{start date|1999|08|06|df=yes}}
|term_end3 = {{end date|1999|10|12|df=yes}}
|office4 = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]
|term_start4 = 1999
|term_end4 = 2004
|primeminister4 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|successor4 = [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]]
|predecessor2 = [[Anoopchand Shah]]
|successor2 = [[Govinda Ahuja]]
|constituency2 = [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North, Maharashtra]]
|office1 = [[Governor of Rajasthan]]
|status1 = ''Additional charge''
|term1 = 8 August 2014 {{endash}} 3 September 2014
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Kunda Naik|1960}}
|children = 2 daughters
|website = {{URL|www.ramnaik.com}}
|source = http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=272&lastls=13
}}
'''Ram Naik''' (born 17 April 1934) is a veteran [[India]]n politician from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/bjp-veteran-ram-naik-to-take-oath-as-up-governor-on-22nd-july-546803.html|title=BJP veteran Ram Naik to take oath as UP Governor on 22nd July|publisher=[[News18 India]]|date=17 July 2014|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> who served as the [[List of Governors of Uttar Pradesh|19th]] [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=http://upgovernor.gov.in/upgovernor.gov.in/govbio.htm|title=Current Governor|website=Upgovernor.gov.in|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=gov/>

==Political career==
Ram Naik was a member of the 13th [[Lok Sabha]] and was Minister of Oil and Natural Gas in the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] cabinet (1999–2004).
He was instrumental in introducing [[Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme]].
He was the BJP candidate for elections to the [[14th Lok Sabha#Maharashtra|14th Lok Sabha]] representing [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mumbai North]], but lost to famous Bollywood actor [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], an INC candidate from [[Virar]].

A [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] volunteer since childhood,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2013/25.9.2013+English+Press+Note.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025064105/http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2013/25.9.2013%20English%20Press%20Note.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> he holds a law degree.<ref name=dial>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theanalystworld.com/a-dialogue-with-ram-naik/ |title=A Dialogue with Ram Naik | the Analyst World |access-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083510/http://www.theanalystworld.com/a-dialogue-with-ram-naik/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He started his political career with the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] in 1964 and was involved in organizing a group of rail commuters in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=bio/> He represented [[Borivali]] in the state assembly in 1978 and was re-elected twice,<ref name=dial/> before becoming Minister of State for Railways in 1998, when he was influential in forming the [[Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation]].

In 2004 he published a statement in which he demanded apology from the Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] and chairwoman [[Sonia Gandhi]] for removal of quotes from statues dedicated to the Indian revolutionaries, such as [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], [[Madan Lal Dhingra]], [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], [[Bhagat Singh]], and [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.bjp.org/en/media-resources/press-releases/a-statement-circulated-by-shri-ram-naik-bjp-leader-in-a-press-conference-held-in-new-delhi|title=A statement circulated by Shri Ram Naik, BJP leader in a Press Conference held in New Delhi|date=3 September 2004|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref>

Ram Naik announced in September 2013 that he will not contest the 2014 Lok Sabha Polls.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/former-petroleum-minister-ram-naik-not-to-contest-ls-elections_879203.html|title=Former Petroleum Minister Ram Naik not to contest LS elections|website=Zeenews.india.com|date=25 September 2013|agency=PTI|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> On 14 July 2014 he was named as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=gov>{{cite web|title=New Governors of UP, Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Nagaland named|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/governors-of-up-bengal-chhattisgarh-gujarat-and-nagaland-announced/|agency=IANS|website=News.biharprabha.com|date=14 July 2014|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref>

Within a few months of his being appointed governor, he stated that "The Ram Temple should be built as soon as possible, this is what the people of this country want and their wishes should be fulfilled."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ram-temple-the-wish-of-indians-says-uttar-pradesh-governor-ram-naik-712083|author=Deepshikha Ghosh|title='Ram Temple the Wish of Indians,' Says Uttar Pradesh Governor Ram Naik|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=12 December 2014|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> The theme was immediately backed up by [[Hindutva]] groups.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/videos/india/ram-naik-vosot-reax-sots-730845.html|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|publisher=News18 India|date=12 December 2014|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref>

Subsequently, his [[Hindutva]] remarks seem to have been reined in<ref>{{cite news|author=Piyush Srivastava|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/ram-naik-ram-mandir-love-jihad-up-governor-narendra-modi-uttar-pradesh-234011-2015-01-04|title=UP Governor Ram Naik buckles under Narendra Modi pressure|work=India Today|date=4 January 2015|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 2014|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/monkey-on-modis-back-why-he-cant-shrug-off-the-hindutva-elements-1852025.html|author=Saroj Nagi|title=Monkey on Modi's back: Why he can't shrug off the Hindutva elements|work=[[The First Post]]|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> by [[Narendra Modi]].

==Personal life==
He was born in [[Sangli district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state. He married Kunda Naik on 17 May 1960 and has two daughters.

==Positions held==
*1969–1977 – Organising Secretary, [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]], [[Mumbai]]
*1977–1978 – General Secretary, [[Janata Party]], Mumbai
*1978–1989 – Member, Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra (3 terms)
*1979–1980 – President, [[Janata Party]], Mumbai
*1980–1986 – President, BJP, Mumbai
*1986–1989 – Vice President, BJP, Maharashtra
*1989 – Elected to 9th Lok Sabha
*1991 – Elected to 10th Lok Sabha
*1999 – Elected to 13th Lok Sabha
*1999–2004 – Union Cabinet Minister, Petroleum and Natural Gas
*since 2004 – President, All India Disciplinary Committee of BJP
* 2014–2019 Governor of Uttar Pradesh

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Anoopchand Shah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]] |years=1989–2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]|years=1999–2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mani Shankar Aiyar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Aziz Qureshi]] ''Additional Responsibility''}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]|years=22 July 2014 – 28 July 2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Anandiben Patel]]}}
|-
{{s-end}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ram Naik}}
*[http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=272&lastls=13 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
*[http://www.ramnaik.com/ Official Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141009042954/http://upgovernor.gov.in/upgovernor.gov.in/govbio.htm Official Website of Governor House Uttar Pradesh]
{{Governors of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Governors of Rajasthan}}

{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Ram}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:People from Sangli district]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Governors of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Governors of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Petroleum and natural gas ministers of India]]

List of hill stations in India

2026-03-22T03:11:57Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[File:Shimla at Dusk.jpg|thumb|[[Shimla]], called as queen of hill stations]]
[[Hill station]]s are high-altitude towns for recreation, enjoyment and used as a place of refuge to escape the blistering heat in [[India]] during summertime. As India is a vast country with limited amounts of the coastal area most of its towns and districts face [[Continental climate|continental type of climate]] with summer being very hot so hill stations (as situated on high altitude due to which it faces low temperature) becomes a spot to escape such hot and humid conditions.

[[Indian subcontinent|The Indian subcontinent]] has seven principal mountain ranges and the largest of all is the Himalayas that lies in the northern part of India. The famous peaks and ranges include the [[Kangchenjunga]] range in the Eastern Himalayas which frames the hill stations of [[Darjeeling]] and [[Gangtok]]. The [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik range]] also has some famous hill stations that includes [[Kasauli]], [[Mussoorie]] and many more.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Siwalik-Range|title=Siwalik Range}}</ref>

Most hill stations in India were developed by the British around a central mall to get respite from the oppressive summer heat. Many have picturesque lakes as their focal point, making them excellent places for boating activities.

Most [[hill station]]s in India are located in the states of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]], [[Manipur]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Sikkim]], [[West Bengal]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]] and [[Meghalaya]] in the [[Himalayas]] and in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Kerala]], and [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[Western Ghats]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://travelfiver.com/5-best-palaces-to-visit-in-rajasthan/ | title=5 Best Palaces to Visit in Rajasthan | publisher=TravelFiver | access-date=27 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185333/http://travelfiver.com/5-best-palaces-to-visit-in-rajasthan/ | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=usurped }}</ref> Some are located in [[Eastern Ghats]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]. Notable hill stations in India are listed below by [[States of India|state]].

Since a number of these hill stations attract large numbers of tourists in summer as well as other times of the year, they are well connected by rail, road, and air services to major Indian cities.

==History==

[[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]] was developed by [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]] in 11th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/71232/nandi-hills|title=Plans include beautification of the entire hill station to attract tourists|date=26 February 2021|publisher = Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Āgama Aura Tripiṭaka, Eka Anuśilana: Language and Literature|page=500|author=Muni Nagraj}}</ref> It was also used by [[Tipu Sultan]] (1751 - 1799) as a summer retreat.<ref>{{cite book|title=India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia - Volume 1|year=1995|page=37}}</ref>

Hill stations in [[British Raj|British India]] were established for a variety of reasons. After the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|revolt of 1857]] the "British sought further distance from what they saw as a "[[first cholera pandemic (1817–24)|disease-ridden]]" land by escape to the [[Himalayas]] in the north and [[Nilgiri mountains|Nilgiri Hills]] in the south", a pattern which started even before 1857. Other factors included anxieties about the dangers of life in India, among them "fear of degeneration brought on by too long residence in a debilitating land." The hill stations were meant to reproduce the home country, illustrated in [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton|Lord Lytton]]'s statement about [[Ooty|Ootacamund]], in the 1870s, "such beautiful English rain, such delicious English mud."<ref name="MetcalfMetcalf2002">{{cite book|author1=Barbara D. Metcalf |author2=Thomas R. Metcalf |title=A Concise History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGCBNTDv7acC |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63974-3 |page=111 }}</ref> [[Shimla]] was officially made the "summer capital of India" in the 1860s and hill stations "served as vital centers of political and military power, especially after the 1857 revolt."<ref name="kennedyDane">{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Dane |title=The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj |date=1996 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft396nb1sf;brand=ucpress|access-date=19 Aug 2014}}</ref>{{rp|2}}

Dane Kennedy, following Monika Bührlein, identifies three stages in the evolution of hill stations in India: high refuge to hill station, and hill station to [[town]]. The first settlements started in the 1820s, primarily as [[sanatorium|sanitoria]]. In the 1840s and 1850s, there was a wave of new hill stations, with the main impetus being "places to rest and recuperate from the arduous life on the plains". In the second half of the 19th century, there was a period of consolidation with few new hill stations. In the final phase, "hill stations reached their zenith in the late nineteenth century. The political importance of the official stations was underscored by the inauguration of large and costly public-building projects."<ref name="kennedyDane" />{{rp|14}}

[[Siddharth Pandey]] analyses the femininity often ascribed to Indian hills stations, in their nomenclature (such as 'the Queen of hills', as claimed by Shimla, Ooty, and several other hill stations) as well as the visual aesthetic of their landscapes. He argues that compared to the 'terrifying, sublime landscape' of the high Himalayan peaks and ridges, the hill stations have a gentler aspect, manageable and conducive for domestication. With ideas of domesticity having been traditionally associated with the feminine and household spheres, hill stations, which were developed by the colonialists as 'homes away from home', acquired over time a sense of being feminine, in terms of both their natural as well as their architectural beauty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Siddharth |date=2020-03-15 |title=From Kipling to Manisha Koirala: How Indian hill stations came to assume feminine identities |url=https://scroll.in/article/953639/from-kipling-to-manisha-koirala-how-indian-hill-stations-came-to-assume-feminine-identities |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Andaman and Nicobar Islands ==

[[File:View from Mt. Harriet.jpg|thumbnail]]
* [[Mount Manipur|Mount Harriett]]

==Andhra Pradesh hill stations==

[[File:Araku-valley-4 big.jpg|200px|thumbnail|[[Araku Valley]], Andhra Pradesh]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District
|-
| [[Araku Valley]]
| Visakhapatnam
|-
| [[Chintapalle, Visakhapatnam district|Chintapalle]]
| Visakhapatnam
|-
| [[Horsley Hills]]
| Chittoor
|-
| [[Lambasingi]]
| Visakhapatnam
|-
| [[Paderu]]
| Visakhapatnam
|-
| [[Papi Hills]]
| East Godavari and West Godavari
|-
| [[Sri Sailam]]
| Kurnool
|-
| [[Tirumala]]
| Chittoor
|-
| Guntaseema
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Salur]]
| Vizianagaram
|-
| [[Maredumilli]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Mothugudem]]
| Khammam and East Godavari
|-
| [[Chintur]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Rajavommangi]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Doranala]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Giddalur]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Donkarayi]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Sileru]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Rampachodavaram]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Cumbum hills]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Nekkanti]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Chinthala]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Ardhaveedu]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Peddarutla]]
| Prakasam
|-
| [[Killada]]
| Srikakulam
|-
| [[Seedhi]]
| Srikakulam
|-
| [[Guddam]]
| Vizianagaram
|-
| [[Kuneru]]
| Vizianagaram
|-
| [[Chaparai]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Polluru]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Pamuleru]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Musuru]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Gurtedu]]
| East Godavari
|-
| [[Kamavaram]]
| West Godavari
|-
| [[Koruteru]]
| West Godavari
|-
| [[Koida]]
| West Godavari
|-
| [[Tekuru]]
| West Godavari
|-
| [[Doramamidi]]
| West Godavari
|-
| [[Dengam]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Darakonda]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Paderu]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Panasa]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Pitakota]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Kudumulu]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Peddavalasa]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Basula]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Tulam]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Bakuru]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Borra]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Gautham]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Vayya]]
| Vishakapatnam
|-
| [[Sundipenta]]
| Kurnool
|-
|[[Vanjangi]]
|Alluri Sitharama Raju
|}

==Arunachal Pradesh==
[[File:Tawang-town.jpg|thumb|Tawang]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Along, Arunachal Pradesh|Along]]
| West Siang

|-
| [[Bomdila]]
| West Kameng
|-
| [[Khonsa]]
| Tirap
|-
| [[Roing]]
| Lower Dibang Valley

|-
| [[Tawang]]
| Tawang

|-
| [[Ziro]]
| Lower Subansiri

|}

==Assam==
[[File:Haflong Lake.jpg|thumb|Haflong]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Haflong]]
| Dima Hasao

|-
| [[Hamren]]
| West Karbi Anglong

|-
| [[Jatinga]]
| Dima Hasao

|-
| [[Maibang]]
| Dima Hasao

|-
| [[Umrangso]]
| Dima Hasao

|}

== Bihar ==
[[File:Rajgir 11 Vipula Hill (30707784594).jpg|thumb|Rajgir hills]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Gurpa Hills]]
| [[Gaya, India]]

|-
| [[Rajgir hills]]
| [[Nalanda, India]]

|-
| [[Bateshwar hills]]
| [[Bhagalpur, India]]

|-
|[[Kaimur Range]]
|[[Rohtas, India]]

|-
|[[Simultala]]
|[[Jamui, India]]

|}

==Chhattisgarh==

[[File:Haldibadi 2008.jpg|thumb]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Bailadila Range|Akash Nagar]]
| Dantewada

|-
| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Amarkantak Lapha hill]]
| Bilaspur

|-
| [[Chirmiri]]
| Koriya

|-
| [[Ambikapur, India|Mainpat]]
| Surguja

|}

==Goa==
[[File:Shri Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla, Goa.jpg|thumb|Molem]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Molem]]
| South Goa

|}

== Gujarat ==
[[File:Girnar 1.jpg|thumb|Girnar]]
[[File:Lake Saputara.jpg|thumbnail|Saputara]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District
|-
| [[Ahwa]]
| Dang
|-
| [[Awala]]
| Banaskantha
|-
| [[Bardipada]]
| Dang
|-
| [[Dediyapada]]
| Narmada
|-
| [[Garvi]]
| Dang
|-
| [[Girnar]]
| Junagadh
|-
| [[Junaraj]]
| Narmada
|-
| [[Kapasiya]]
| Banaskantha
|-
| [[Karaza]]
| Banaskantha
|-
| [[Khoba]]
| Valsad
|-
| [[Koshmal]]
| Dang
|-
| Mahal
| Dang
|-
| [[Nilosi]]
| Valsad
|-
| [[Palitana]]
| Bhavnagar
|-
| [[Saputara]]
| Dang
|-
| [[Subir]]
| Dang
|-
| [[Sutharpada]]
| Valsad
|-
| [[Wilson Hills, Gujarat|Wilson Hills]]
| Valsad
|}

==Haryana==
[[File:Morni Hills and Tikkar Taal, Haryana, India - 8.jpeg|thumb|Morni]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Morni]]
| [[Panchkula]]
|-
| Dhoshi
| [[Mahendragarh]]
|}

== Himachal Pradesh ==

[[File:Khajjiar.jpg|thumb|[[Khajjiar]], Himachal Pradesh, also known as mini Switzerland of India]]
[[File:Manali India.jpg|thumb|Skiing in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], Himachal Pradesh]]


{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District
|-
|[[Banjar, India|Banjar]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
| [[Barog]]
| [[Solan district]]

|-
| [[Barot (Himachal Pradesh)|Barot]]
| [[Mandi district]]
|-
|[[Baru Sahib]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
|[[Bhaba Nagar]]
|[[Kinnaur district]]
|-
|[[Bharmour]]
|[[Chamba district]]
|-
|[[Bhuntar]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
| [[Chail, Himachal Pradesh|Chail]]
| [[Solan district]]

|-
| [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]]
| [[Chamba district]]

|-
| [[Chitkul]]
| [[Kinnaur district]]
|-
|[[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Churdhar Sanctuary|Churdhar]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
|[[Dagshai]]
|[[Solan district]]
|-
| [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]]
| [[Chamba district]]
|-
|[[Darcha]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
| [[Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamshala]]
| [[Kangra district]]
|-
|[[Hatkoti]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Haripurdhar]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
|[[Jispa]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
|[[Jubbal]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
| [[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]]
| [[Kinnaur district]]
|-
|[[Kandaghat]]
|[[Solan district]]
|-
|[[Karsog]]
|[[Mandi district]]
|-
| [[Kasol]]
| [[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Kasauli]]
|[[Solan district]]
|-
|[[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
|[[Kyelang|Keylong]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
| [[Khajjiar]]
| [[Chamba district]]
|-
|[[Koksar]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
|[[Kotgarh]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Kotkhai]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Kugti Sanctuary|Kugti]]
|[[Chamba district]]
|-
| [[Kufri, India|Kufri]]
| [[Shimla district]]

|-
| [[Kullu]]
| [[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]
|[[Mandi district]]
|-
|[[Malana, Himachal Pradesh|Malana]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
| [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]
| [[Kullu district]]

|-
| [[Mashobra]]
| [[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[McLeod Ganj]]
|[[Kangra district]]
|-
|[[Naggar, Himachal Pradesh|Naggar]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Nako, Himachal Pradesh|Nako]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
| [[Narkanda]]
| [[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Nirmand]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
| [[Palampur]]
| [[Kangra district]]
|-
|[[Rajgarh, Himachal Pradesh|Rajgarh]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
| [[Reckong Peo]]
| [[Kinnaur district]]
|-
|[[Renuka Ji]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
|[[Rewalsar, India|Rewalsar]]
|[[Mandi district]]
|-
| [[Rohtang]]
| [[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Salooni]]
|[[Chamba district]]
|-
|[[Sangla, India|Sangla]]
|[[Kinnaur district]]
|-
|[[Sarahan]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Shillai]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|-
| [[Shimla]]
| [[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Shoghi, Shimla|Shoghi]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Sissu]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
|[[Sundar Nagar|Sunder Nagar]]
|[[Mandi district]]
|-
|[[Sunni, Himachal Pradesh|Sunni]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
|[[Tabo, Himachal Pradesh|Tabo]]
|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Spiti district]]
|-
| [[Tattapani]]
| [[Mandi district]]
|-
|[[Tosh, Himachal Pradesh|Tosh]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Theog]]
|[[Shimla district]]
|-
| [[Triund]]
| [[Kangra district]]
|-
|[[Vashisht, Himachal Pradesh|Vashisht]]
|[[Kullu district]]
|-
|[[Yulla Khas]]
|[[Kinnaur district]]
|}

==Jammu and Kashmir==

[[File:Pahalgam_Valley.jpg|thumb|[[Pahalgam]] Valley]]
[[File:Gulmarg - Srinagar views 84.JPG|thumb|Gulmarg]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Kashmir region'''
!
!'''Jammu region'''
!
|-
! Place
! District
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Aru, Jammu and Kashmir|Aru]]
| Anantnag
| [[Bhaderwah]]
| [[Doda district|Doda]]
|-
| [[Doodhpathri]]
| Budgam
| [[Lal Draman]]
| [[Doda district|Doda]]
|-
| [[Gulmarg]]
| Baramulla
| [[Patnitop]]
| Udhampur
|-
| [[Pahalgam]]
| Anantnag
| [[Jantroon Dhar]]
| [[Doda district|Doda]]

|-
| [[Sonamarg]]
| Ganderbal
| [[Lal Draman]]
| [[Doda district|Doda]]

|-
| [[Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir|Srinagar]]
| Srinagar
| [[Bhal Padri]]
| [[Doda district|Doda]]

|-
| [[Tosamaidan]]
| Budgam
| [[Devigol]]
| [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]

|-
| [[Yusmarg]]
| Budgam
| [[Bimal Nag]]
| [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]

|-
|
|
| [[Bani, India|Bani]]
| [[Kathua district|Kathua]]
|}

==Jharkhand==
[[File:Waterfall in Netarhat.jpg|thumb|Netarhat]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Meghahatuburu]]
| West Singhbhum

|-
| [[Netarhat]]
| Latehar

|-
| [[Patratu]]
| Ramgarh

|-
| [[McCluskieganj]]
| Ranchi

|}
==Karnataka==

[[File:Shola Grasslands and forests in the Kudremukh National Park, Western Ghats, Karnataka.jpg|thumb|Shola Grasslands in [[Kudremukh]], Karnataka]]
[[File:Picture shot during sunset @ Kemmangundi which depicts amazing beauty of nature.jpg|thumb|Sunset at viewpoint in [[Kemmangundi]]]]
[[File:Raja seat madikeri.JPG|right|thumb|Raja's Seat, one of the major tourist attractions in [[Madikeri]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Agumbe]]
| Shimoga

|-
| [[Arehalli]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Arkalgud]]
| Hassan and Kodagu

|-
| [[Baba Budan Giri|Baba Budangiri]]
| Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Ballupet]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Belagodu]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Biligiriranga Hills]]
| Chamarajanagar

|-
| [[Bisle]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Changadihalli]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Chikkamagaluru]]
| Chikmagalur

|-
| [[Charmadi]]
| Dakshina Kannada and Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Dandeli]]
| Uttara Kannada

|-
| [[Devimane Ghat|Devimane]]
| Uttara Kannada

|-
| [[Chikkabemmathi]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Hulikal]]
| Shimoga
|-
| [[Jog Falls|Jog]]
| Shimoga

|-
| [[Jogimatti]]
| Chitradurga

|-
| [[Jamalabad]]
| Dakshina Kannada
|-
| [[Kemmangundi]]
| Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Kodachadri]]
| Shivamogga

|-
| [[Kodlipet]]
| Kodagu

|-
| [[Konanur, Hassan|Konanur]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Kudrasthe]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Kudremukh]]
| Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Kumarahalli]]
| Kodagu

|-
| [[Koppa, India|Koppa]]
| Chikkamagaluru
|-
| [[Kushalanagar|Kushalnagar]]
| Kodagu
|-
| [[Madhugiri]]
| Madhugiri
|-
| [[Madikeri]]
| Kodagu
|-
| [[Male Mahadeshwara Hills]]
| Chamarajanagara

|-
| [[Mudigere]]
| Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Mullayanagiri]]
| Chikkamagaluru

|-
| [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]]
| Chikkaballapur

|-
| [[Pushpagiri (mountain)|Pushpagiri]]
| Dakshina Kannada, Hassan and Kodagu

|-
| [[Sakleshpur]]
| Hassan

|-
| [[Shanivarsanthe]]
| Kodagu

|-
| [[Sirangalli]]
| Kodagu

|-
| [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]]
| Uttara Kannada

|-
| [[Somanahalli]]
| Hassan and Kodagu(Arkalgud and Somwarpet Taluk)

|-
| [[Somwarpet]]
| Kodagu

|-
| [[Skandagiri]]
| Chikkaballapura

|-
| [[Virajpet]]
| Kodagu

|}

==Kerala==

[[File:Munnar hillstation kerala.jpg|thumb|[[Munnar]], [[Idukki district]], Kerala]]
[[File:Boat similar to the one involved.JPG|thumb|[[Thekkady]], [[Kerala]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Achenkovil]]
| Pathnamthitta

|-
| [[Agali (gram panchayat)|Agali]]
| Palakkad

|-
| [[Agasthiyamalai]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Ambanad Hills]]
| Kollam

|-
| [[Ambalavayal]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Arimbra Hills, Malappuram]]
| Malappuram

|-
| [[Anakkampoyil]]
| Kozhikode

|-
| [[Anchuruli]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Aralam]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Anakkara (Idukki)|Anakkara]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Amboori]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Aryankavu]]
| Kollam

|-
| [[Athirapally]]
| Thrissur

|-
| [[Ayyampuzha]]
| Ernakulam

|-
| [[Ayyankunnu]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Banasura Hill]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Bison Valley]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Bonacaud]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| Brimore
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Chadayamangalam]]
| Kollam District

|-
| [[Charalkunnu]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Chathurangappara]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Cheemeni]]
| Kasargod

|-
| [[Chinnakanal]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Chittar, Kerala|Chittar]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Devikulam]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Dharmathadka]]
| Kasargod

|-
| [[Elapeedika]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Elappara]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Ezhimala]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Gavi, Kerala|Gavi]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Ilaveezha Poonchira]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Illikkal Kallu]]
| Kotayam

|-
| [[Iritty]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Kakkadampoyil]]
| Kozhikode

|-
| [[Kallar, Trivandrum|Kallar]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Kalpetta]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Kambilikandam]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Kanthalloor]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Karapuzha Dam]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Kattappana]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Kinnakorai]]
| Palakkad

|-
| [[Kulamavu Dam]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Kulathupuzha]]
| Kollam

|-
| [[Kodanad]]
| Ernakulam

|-
| [[Kodikuthimala]]
| Malappuram

|-
| [[Konni, Pathanamthitta|Konni]]
| Pathnamthitta

|-
| [[Koorachundu]]
| Kozhikode

|-
| [[Kottancheri Hills]]
| Kasaragod

|-
| [[Kottakkunnu|Kottakkunnu Hill Station]]
| Malappuram

|-
| [[Kottiyoor]]
| Kannur District

|-
| [[Kulathupuzha]]
| Kollam

|-
| [[Kumily]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Kuttampuzha]]
| Ernakulam
|-
| [[Kuttikkanam]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Lakkidi, Wayanad|Lakkidi]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Madayipara]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Malakkappara]]
| Thrissur

|-
| [[Malayattur]]
| Ernakulam

|-
| [[Malom]]
| Kasargod

|-
| [[Mananthavady]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Maniyar]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Marayoor]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Melukavu]]
| Kotayam

|-
| [[Meppadi]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Moolamattom]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Mundakayam]]
| Kottayam

|-
| [[Munnar]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Muthanga]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Nedumkandam]]
| Idukki District

|-
| [[Nelliampathi]]
| Palakkad

|-
| [[Padavayal]]
| Palakkad

|-
| [[Painavu]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Pakshi Pathalam]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Panchalimedu]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Parambikulam]]
| Palakkad

|-
| [[Parunthumpara]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Pathanamthitta]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Peermade]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Peruvannamuzhi]]
| Kozhikode

|-
| [[Ponmudi]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Poomala]]
| Thrissur

|-
| [[Poonjar]]
| Kottayam

|-
| [[Ramakkalmedu]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Ranipuram]]
| Kasaragod

|-
| [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]]
| Pathnamthitta

|-
| [[Santhanpara]]
| Idukki District

|-
| [[Seethathode]]
| Pathanamthitta

|-
| [[Soordelu Hill Station]]
| Kasargod

|-
| [[Sulthan Bathery]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Suryanelli]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Teekoy]]
| Kotayam
|-
| [[Thattekkad]]
| Ernakulam

|-
| [[Thekkady]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Thenmala]]
| Kollam

|-
| [[Thodupuzha]]
| Idukki District

|-
| [[Tirunelli]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Udumbanchola]]
| Idukki
|-
| [[Vagamon]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Vaithalmala]]
| Kannur

|-
| [[Vandiperiyar]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Vaduvanchal]]
| Wayanad

|-
| [[Vandanmedu]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Vattavada]]
| Idukki

|-
| [[Vazhachal]]
| Thrissur

|-
| [[Vazhichal]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Vellarimala]]
| Kozhikode

|-
| [[Vithura]]
| Thiruvananthapuram

|-
| [[Vythiri]]
| Wayanad

|}

==Ladakh==
[[File:Kargil Town as sen from Petrol Pump.jpg|thumb|Kargil Town]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Dras]]s
| Kargil

|-
| [[Kargil]]
| Kargil

|-
| [[Leh]]
| Leh

|}

==Madhya Pradesh==

[[File:Sunset Point.JPG|thumbnail|Panchmarhi]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Amarkantak]]
| Anuppur

|-
| [[Pachmarhi]]
| Narmadapuram

|-
|[[Shivpuri]]
|Shivpuri
|}
| [[Tamia]]
| Chhindwara
|}

==Maharashtra==

[[File:Lonavalamh.jpg|thumb|[[Lonavala]], Maharashtra]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Antur Fort|Antur]]
| Aurangabad

|-
| [[Amba Ghat]]
| Kolhapur

|-
| [[Ambenali ghat|Ambenali hills]]
| Satara and Raigad

|-
| [[Amboli, Sindhudurg district|Amboli]]
| Sindhudurg

|-
| [[Amshi]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Bambarde]]
| Sindhudurg

|-
| [[Bhandardara]]
| Ahmednagar

|-
| [[Bhildari]]
| Aurangabad

|-
| [[Bhor Ghat|Bhor ghats]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Birmani]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Chikhaldara]]
| Amravati

|-
| [[Dahel]]
| Nandurbar

|-
| [[Dandhari]]
| Gondia

|-
| [[Darrekasa]]
| Gondia

|-
| [[Deosur]]
| Gadchiroli

|-
| [[Fukeri]]
| Sindhudurg

|-
| [[Hatlot]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Hirdoshi]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Hemalkasa]]
| Gadchiroli

|-
| [[Igatpuri]]
| Nashik

|-
| [[Jamnya]]
| Jalgaon

|-
| [[Jawhar]]
| Palghar

|-
| [[Jimalgatta]]
| Gadchiroli

|-
| [[Kaladgad]]
| Ahmednagar

|-
| [[Kalavantin durg]]
| Raigad

|-
| [[Karjat]]
| Raigad

|-
| [[Karnala Fort]]
| Raigad

|-
| [[Khandala]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Kinjale]]
| Ratnagiri

|-
| [[Kopela]]
| Gadchiroli

|-
| [[Kuroshi]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Lavasa]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Lonavala]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Mahabaleshwar]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Malewada hills]]
| Gondia and Gadchiroli

|-
| Malshej Ghat
| Thane and Ahmednagar

|-
| [[Matheran]]
| Raigad

|-
| [[Mhaismal]]
| Aurangabad

|-
| [[Naneghat]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Nawaja]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Panchgani]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Pofali]]
| Ratnagiri

|-
| [[Pokur]]
| Gadchiroli

|-
| [[Rampurwadi]]
| Aurangabad

|-
| [[Ratangad]]
| Ahmednagar

|-
| [[Saleghat]]
| Nagpur

|-
| [[Shindi]]
| Satara

|-
| [[Tamhini Ghat]]
| Pune

|-
| [[Tangala]]
| Chandrapur

|-
| [[Toranmal]]
| Nandurbar

|-
| [[Thippa]]
| Chandrapur

|-
| [[Uchat]]
| Satara

|-
|[[Toranmal]]
|Nandurbar

|-
|[[Asthamba]]
|Nandurbar

|-
|[[Aamby Valley City]]
|Pune

|}

==Manipur==

[[File:Ukhrul -South View.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Ukhrul]] Hill Station]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Chandel, Manipur|Chandel]]
| Chandel

|-
| [[Churachandpur]]
| Churachandpur

|-
| [[Kaina (Manipur)|Kaina]]
| Thoubal

|-
| [[Kamjong]]
| Kamjong

|-
| [[Kangpokpi]]
| Kangpokpi

|-
| [[Noney]]
| Noney

|-
| [[Pherzawl]]
| Pherzawl

|-
| [[Sadar Hills]]
| Kangpokpi

|-
| [[Senapati district|Senapati]]
| Senapati

|-
| [[Tamenglong]]
| Tamenglong

|-
| [[Tengnoupal]]
| Tengnoupal

|-
| [[Ukhrul]]
| Ukhrul

|}

==Meghalaya==

[[File:Nohakali.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nohkalikai Falls]], [[Cherrapunjee]], Meghalaya]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Cherrapunjee]]
| East Khasi Hills

|-
| [[Dawki]]
| West Jaintia Hills

|-
| [[Jowai]]
| West Jaintia Hills

|-
| [[Mawlynnong]]
| East Khasi Hills

|-
| [[Mawsynram]]
| East Khasi Hills

|-
| [[Shillong]]
| East Khasi Hills

|-
| [[Nongnah]]
| West Khasi Hills
|}

==Mizoram==
[[File:Champhai,_Mizoram,_from_south,_with_Zotlang_in_the_foreground.jpg|thumb|Champhai]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Champhai]]
| Champhai

|-
| [[Hmuifang]]
| Aizawl District

|-
| [[Lunglei]]
| Lunglei

|-
| [[Mamit, India|Mamit]]
| Mamit

|-
| [[Reiek]]
| Aizawl District

|}

==Nagaland==
[[File:Dzuko_Valley.jpg|thumb|Dzuko Valley]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Dzüko Valley]]
| [[Kohima district|Kohima]]

|-
| [[Kohima]]
| Kohima

|-
| [[Pfütsero]]
| [[Phek district|Phek]]

|}

==Odisha==
[[File:Lover%27s_point,_Daringbadi.jpg|thumb|_Daringbadi]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Banigocha]]
| Nayagarh

|-
| [[Bolagarh|Bolagarh hills]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Burakhat]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Daringbadi]]
| Kandhmal

|-
| [[Deomali]]
| Koraput

|-
| [[Doganda]]
| Malkangiri

|-
| [[Gopinathpur, Mayurbhanj|Gopinathpur]]
| Mayurbhanj

|-
| [[Gorumahisani|Gorumahisani hills]]
| Mayurbhanj

|-
| [[Guma, India|Guma]]
| Rayagada

|-
| [[Gurundi]]
| Sundergarh

|-
| [[Jakham]]
| Kalahandi

|-
| [[Jiranga]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Jurundi]]
| Mayurbhanj

|-
| [[Kalimela]]
| Malkangiri

|-
| [[Khairput hills]]
| Malkangiri

|-
| [[Khajurai]]
| Ganjam

|-
| [[Khajurdihi Range]]
| Sundergarh

|-
| [[Khallikote hills]]
| Nayagarh

|-
| [[Khandapada hills]]
| Nayagarh

|-
| [[Kiriburu]]
| Keonjhar

|-
| [[Koraput]]
| Koraput

|-
| [[Labangi]]
| Angul

|-
| [[Lamberi]]
| Rayagada

|-
| [[Lulung]]
| Mayurbhanj

|-
| [[Mahulpatna]]
| Kalahandi

|-
| [[Parshuram Kunda]]
| Ganjam

|-
| [[Patel]]
| Malkangiri

|-
| [[Phulabani]]
| Kandhamal

|-
| [[Sukhuapata hills]]
| Balasore

|-
| [[Tensa]]
| Sundergarh

|-
| [[Mahendragiri, Odisha|Mahendragiri]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Malayagiri|Malayagiri hills]]
| Angul

|-
| [[Nalaghat]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Narayanpatna]]
| Koraput

|-
| [[Niyamgiri|Niyamagiri hills]]
| Kalahandi and Rayagada

|-
| [[Nuagada]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Pampasar]]
| Angul

|-
| [[Sagada]]
| Kalkandi

|-
| [[Seranga]]
| Gajapati

|-
| [[Supali]]
| Malkangiri

|-
| [[Tikarpada]]
| Angul

|}

==Rajasthan==
[[File:Mount_Abu.jpg|thumb|Mount Abu]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Akhi]]
| Sirohi

|-
| [[Gurad]]
| Udaipur

|-
| [[Hundla]]
| Udaipur

|-
| [[Manasi (hill station)|Manasi]]
| Udaipur

|-
| [[Mount Abu]]
| Sirohi

|-
| [[Nidh (hill station)|Nidh]]
| Baran

|-
| [[Seeta Mata hills]]
| Chittorgarh and Banswara

|-
| [[Shahabad, Rajasthan|Shahabad]]
| Baran

|-
| [[Telni]]
| Baran

|}

==Sikkim==
[[File:Zuluk at dawn.jpg|thumb|Dzuluk]]
[[File:Lachung_Town.jpg|thumb|Lachung]]
[[File:Namchi Monastery.jpg|thumbnail|Namchi]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District
|-
| [[Dzuluk]]
| [[Pakyong district]]
|-
| [[Gangtok]]
| [[Gangtok district]]
|-
| [[Gyalshing]]
| [[Gyalshing district]]
|-
| [[Lachen, Sikkim|Lachen]]
| [[Mangan district]]
|-
| [[Lachung]]
| [[Mangan district]]
|-
| [[Namchi]]
| [[Namchi district]]
|-
| [[Pakyong]]
| [[Pakyong district]]
|-
| [[Pelling]]
| [[Gyalshing district]]
|-
| [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]
| [[Mangan district]]
|-
| [[Rangpo]]
| [[Pakyong district]]
|-
| [[Ravangla]]
| [[Namchi district]]
|-
| [[Soreng]]
| [[Soreng district]]
|-
| [[Aritar, Sikkim|Aritar]]
| [[Pakyong district]]
|-
| [[Yuksom]]
| [[Gyalshing district]]
|-
| [[Nathang Valley|Gnathang]]
| [[Pakyong district]]
|-
| [[Yumthang]]
| [[Mangan district]]
|-
| [[Chungthang]]
| [[Mangan district]]
|}

==Tamil Nadu==

[[File:Emerald Lake Nilgiris.jpg|thumb|Emerald Lake, [[Ooty]]]]
[[File:Kodai Lake.jpg|thumb|[[Kodaikanal]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Adukkam]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Agastyamalai]]
| Tirunelveli

|-
| [[Agamalai]]
| '''Theni'''

|-
| [[Aginda peak]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Alancholai]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Anaikatti]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Arangam]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Aravatla]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Arasaradi hills]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Attakatti]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Azhwar Malai]]
| Kallakurichi

|-
| [[Bellikkal]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Bargur]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Bikketti]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Bodimettu]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Chinna Kallar]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Cinkona]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Chinnar]]
| Tiruppur

|-
| [[Connoor]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Cumbummettu]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Cherambadi]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Devala]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Devarshola]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Dottabetta]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Elamanam hills]]
| Tiruchirappalli

|-
| [[Elavadi]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Elumalai hills]]
| Madhurai

|-
| [[Gangavalli hills]]
| Salem and Tiruchirappalli

|-
| [[Germalam hills]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Gudalur, Nilgiris|Gudalur]]
| Nilgris

|-
| [[Gundri]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Gurumalai]]
| Tiruppur

|-
| [[Guthiyalathur]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Huligal]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Hullathy]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Ittarai]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Janglapalli]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Palamathi hills]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Kanchanagiri]] (Mini Munnar)
| Vellore-Ranipet Metro Area

|-
| [[Chenganatham hills]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Jarugumalai]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Javadi Hills]]
| Tiruvannamalai and Vellore

|-
| [[Kadambur]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Kadayal]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Mundanthurai]]
| Tirunelveli

|-
| [[Kadanad]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Kadavur Valley]]
| Karur

|-
| [[Kambalai]]
| Dharmapuri

|-
| [[Kanamalai]]
| Tiruvannamalai

|-
| [[Kanjamalai]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Kariyalur]]
| Kallakurichi

|-
| [[Karumutty]]
| Tiruppur

|-
| [[Kavunji]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Kinnakorai]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Kodanad]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Kolaribetta]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Koraiyar hills]]
| Perambalur

|-
| [[Kottagudi]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Kottaimalai]]
| Tiruvannamalai

|-
| [[Kunnur]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Manjampatti Valley]]
| Tiruppur

|-
| [[Mannavanur]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Mavallam]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Mekkarai]]
| Tirunelveli

|-
| [[Mettur hills]]
| Salem and Dharmapuri

|-
| [[Mukurthi hills]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Mulli, India|Mulli]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Muthukuzivayal]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Kallar hills]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Ketti Valley]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Kalrayan Hills]]
| Kallakurichi and Salem

|-
| [[Kannamangalam hills]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary|Kodayar hills]]
| Kanyakumari

|-
| [[Keeriparai]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Kilavarai]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Kilkunda]]
| Nilgris

|-
| [[Kodaikanal]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Pandrimalai]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Palliparai]]
| Namakkal

|-
| [[Pathukani]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Pattipadi]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Periyur]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Perumalmalai]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Ponmani]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Poombarai]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Puthuputhur]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Kolli Hills]]
| Namakkal

|-
| [[Kolukkumalai]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Kookal]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Kotagiri]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Kurangani]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Kumbur]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Mancode]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Manimutharu|Manjolai]]
| Tirunelveli

|-
| [[Meghamalai|Highwavys]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Masinagudi]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Manthal]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Melagiri]]
| Krishnagiri

|-
| [[Thali]]
| Krishnagiri

|-
| [[Nagalur]]
| Salem

|-
| [[Nagoor hills]]
| Tiruchirappalli and Perambalur

|-
| [[Navamalai]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Nayakkaneri hills]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Oosimalai]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Ooty]], [[Udhagamandalam]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[O'valley]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Pechiparai]]
| Kanyakumari

|-
| [[Pachaimalai Hills]]
| Tiruchirappalli

|-
| [[Pandalur]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Perunchilambu]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Poondi]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Puliancholai hills]]
| Tiruchirappalli

|-
| [[Ramakkalmedu]]
| Theni

|-
| [[Rangampettai]]
| Vellore

|-
| Reddiyur
| Vellore

|-
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Hasanur]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Serapattu]]
| Kallakurichi

|-
| [[Sholur]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Sirukundra]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Sirumalai]]
| Dindigul

|-
| [[Sitteri]]
| Dharmapuri

|-
| [[Sittling hills]]
| Dharmapuri

|-
| [[Sujalkarai]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Sathuragiri hills]]
| Madhurai

|-
| [[Thaishola]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Thirumoorthy hills]]
| Tiruppur

|-
| [[Thirparappu]]
| Kannyakumari

|-
| [[Thengumarahada]]
| Erode

|-
| [[Topslip]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Valparai]]
| Coimbatore

|-
| [[Wellington, Tamil Nadu|Wellington]]
| Nilgiris

|-
| [[Yelagiri]]
| Vellore

|-
| [[Yercaud]]
| Salem

|-
| Vachathi
| Dharmapuri

|-
| [[Valaikulam]]
| Virudhunagar

|-
| [[Varusanad hills]]
| Madhurai and Theni

|}

==Telangana==
[[File:Ananthagiri_Hills.JPG|thumb|Ananthagiri Hills]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Ananthagiri Hills]]
| Vikarabad

|}

==Tripura==
[[File:Jampui_2.jpg|thumb|Jampui Hills]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Jampui Hills]]
| North Tripura

|}

==Uttarakhand==
[[File:Almora Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Almora]]]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Almora]]
| [[Almora district]]
|-
| [[Auli, India|Auli]]
| [[Chamoli district]]
|-
| [[Bedini Bugyal]]
| [[Chamoli district]]
|-
| [[Berinag]]
| [[Pithoragarh district]]
|-
| [[Bhimtal]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Binsar]]
| [[Almora district]]
|-
| [[Chakrata]]
| [[Dehradun district]]
|-
| [[Chamba, Uttarakhand|Chamba]]
| [[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|-
| [[Chaukori]]
| [[Pithoragarh district]]
|-
| [[Chopta]]
| [[Rudraprayag district]]
|-
| [[Dayara Bugyal]]
| [[Uttarkashi district]]

|-
| [[Dhanaulti]]
| [[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|-
| [[Gidara Bugyal]]
| [[Uttarkashi district]]

|-
| [[Harsil]]
| [[Uttarkashi district]]
|-
| [[Jalna, Uttarakhand|Jalna]]
| [[Almora district]]
|-
| [[Joshimath]]
| [[Chamoli district]]
|-
| [[Kanatal]]
| [[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|-
| [[Kausani]]
| [[Bageshwar district]]
|-
| [[Khirsu]]
| [[Pauri Garhwal district]]
|-
| Khurpatal
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Landour]]
| [[Dehradun district]]
|-
| [[Lansdowne, India|Lansdowne]]
| [[Pauri Garhwal district]]
|-
| [[Lohaghat]]
| [[Champawat district]]
|-
| [[Mukteshwar]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Munsiyari]]
| [[Pithoragarh district]]
|-
| [[Mussoorie]]
| [[Dehradun district]]
|-
| [[Nainital]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Naukuchiatal]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[New Tehri]]
| [[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|-
| [[Pangot]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Pauri]]
|
|-
| [[Ramgarh, Uttarakhand| Ramgarh]]
| [[Nainital district]]
|-
| [[Ranikhet]]
| [[Almora district]]
|-
| Sankri
| [[Uttarkashi district]]
|}

==West Bengal==

[[File:Train-toy-final-2-720.jpg|thumb|The 'Toy Train' in [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]]]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Place
! District

|-
| [[Algarah]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Ajodhya Hills]]
| Purulia

|-
| [[Bagrakote]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Bandwan]]
| Purulia

|-
| [[Belgeria]]
| Purulia

|-
| [[Bindu, India|Bindu]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Bijanbari]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Buxa]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Chaltha]]
| Bankura

|-
| [[Chatakpur]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Darjeeling]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Dhotrey]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Dudhia]]
| Jalpaiguri

|-
| [[Ghoom]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Gorkhey]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Gorubathan]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Gumbadara]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Hasimara]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Hatta, India|Hatta]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Icche Gaon]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Jorpokhri]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Jayanti, India|Jayanti]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Jaigaon]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Jhalong]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Kalijhora]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Kalimpong]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Kankiabong]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Karmi, India|Karmi]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Karru]]
| Purulia

|-
| [[Kolakham]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Kolbong]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Kumargram]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Kunchia]]
| Purulia

|-
| [[Kurseong]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Labha]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Lava, West Bengal|Lava]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Lamagaon]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Lepcha Jagat]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Lepchakha]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Lodhoma]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Loleygaon]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Makhnu]]
| Bankura

|-
| [[Mane Bhanjang|Mane]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Mangpu]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Mirik]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Mulkarkha]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Pankhabari]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Pedong]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Phalut]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Pulbazar]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Rammam, India|Rammam]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Ranibandh]]
| Bankura

|-
| [[Relling]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Rimbick]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Rishyap]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Samsing]]
| Darjeeling/Jalpaiguri

|-
| [[Sandakphu]]
| Darjeeling/Ilam (Nepal)

|-
| [[Sevoke]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Sillery Gaon]]
| Kalimpong

|-
| [[Sonada]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Soureni]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Takdah]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[Tonglu]]
| Darjeeling

|-
| [[ Totopara]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Turturi]]
| Alipurduar

|-
| [[Yakrabong]]
| Darjeeling

|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian states and union territories by highest point]]
*[[Skiing in India]]

==References==
{{Wikivoyage|Hill stations in India}}
{{Commons category|Hill stations in India}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Tourism in India}}
{{List of hill stations|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Hill stations in India|*]]
[[Category:Lists of places in India|Hill stations]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in India|Hill stations]]
[[Category:Hill stations|India]]

Aruvikkara Assembly constituency

2026-03-21T17:41:46Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Aruvikkara
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Attingal Lok Sabha constituency|Attingal]]
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 136
| map_image = Aruvikkara Dam 4.jpg
| map_caption = [[Aruvikkara]] Dam
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| district = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| mla = [[G. Steephen]]
| party = [[File:Cpm election symbol.svg|20px]] [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#ED1C24|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| electors = 1,93,873 (2021)
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
}}
'''Aruvikkara''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Attingal Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://trivandrum.nic.in/constituencies
|website = trivandrum.nic.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district
|access-date = 16 March 2020
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[G. Steephen]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Aruvikkara Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Thiruvananthapuram District
}}</ref>

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! width="100px" | Name
! width="130px" | Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
! width="100px" | [[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
| [[Aruvikkara]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]]
|-
| [[Aryanadu]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]]
|-
| [[Tholicode]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]]
|-
| [[Vithura]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]]
|-
| [[Uzhamalackal]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]]
|-
| [[Vellanad]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Nedumangad (tehsil)|Nedumangad]] and [[Kattakada]]
|-
| [[Kuttichal]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kattakada]]
|-
| Poovachal
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kattakada]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%"
! Election
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[G. Karthikeyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2015 elections in India#Kerala|2015^]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. S. Sabarinadhan]]
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[G. Steephen]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|}

^by-election

== Election results ==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruvikkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = [[G. Steephen]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[V. S. Sivakumar]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = [[Vivek Gopan]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,93,873 registered voters in Aruvikkara Constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |title=Legislative Assembly 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121075941/https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |website=ceo.kerala.gov.in |archive-date=21 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruvikkara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[G. Steephen]]|votes=66,776|percentage=45.83|change={{increase}}11.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[K. S. Sabarinathan]]|votes=61,730|percentage=42.37|change={{decrease}}6.95}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=C. Sivankutty|votes=15,379|percentage=10.55|change={{decrease}}3.57}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=900|percentage=0.62|change={{increase}}0.17}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=5046|percentage=3.47|change={{decrease}}11.35}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,46,160|percentage=75.39|change={{loss}}0.47}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing={{increase}}11.33|}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were {{formatnum:189505}} registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruvikkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. S. Sabarinathan|votes=70,910|percentage=49.32|change={{increase}}9.30}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=A. A. Rasheed|votes=49,596|percentage=34.50|change={{increase}}1.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Rajasenan]]|votes=20,294|percentage=14.12|change={{decrease}}10.08}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=M. A. Jaleel|votes=707|percentage=0.49|change=– }}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chitralekha E.|votes=673|percentage=0.47|change=– }}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=640|percentage=0.45|change=– }}

{{Election box candidate|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sabarinath|votes=331|percentage=0.23|change=–}}{{Election box candidate|party=Independent politician|candidate=Cherappally Viswanathan|votes=188|percentage=0.13|change=–}}{{Election box candidate |party=Independent politician|candidate=Rasheed|votes=158|percentage=0.11|change=–}}{{Election box candidate|party=Independent politician|candidate=A. P. Kakkadu|votes=134|percentage=0.09|change=–}}{{Election box candidate|party=Independent politician|candidate=Ajitha B.|votes=130|percentage=0.09|change=– }}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=21,314|percentage=14.82|change={{increase}}7.64}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,43,761|percentage=75.86|change={{decrease}}0.30}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing={{increase}}9.30}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 by-election ===
Due to the death of the sitting MLA G. Karthikeyan, Aruvikkara Assembly constituency held a by-election on 27 June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Despite rains, 76% polling in Aruvikkara by-election|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/despite-rains-76-polling-in-aruvikkara-by-election-1.305521|access-date=27 August 2020|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref> There were {{formatnum:185216}} registered voters for this election in the constituency.
{{Election box begin|title=2015 by-election: Aruvikkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. S. Sabarinathan|votes=,448|percentage=40.02|change={{decrease}}8.77}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[M. Vijayakumar]]|votes=46,320|percentage=32.84|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[O. Rajagopal]]|votes=34,145|percentage=24.20|change={{increase}}17.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. Das|votes=1,197|percentage=0.85|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Poonthura Siraj|votes=703|percentage=0.50|change={{decrease}}0.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. K. Sukumaran|votes=481|percentage=0.34|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sunil M. Karani|votes=422|percentage=0.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|Akhila Kerala Trinamool Party|candidate=Thomas Kaithaparambil|votes=383|percentage=0.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Irinchayam Suresh|votes=354|percentage=0.25|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha|candidate=Sreejita T. R.|votes=171|percentage=0.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sabarinath M. S.|votes=143|percentage=0.10|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|Ex-Sainik Kissan Party|candidate=N. Sasidharan Pillai|votes=93|percentage=0.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Vijaya Kumar B.|votes=69|percentage=0.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian Gandhiyan Party|candidate=K. M. Sivaprasad|votes=62|percentage=0.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Vijaya Kumar Nair|votes=40|percentage=0.03|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. G. Mohanan|votes=35|percentage=0.02|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=10,128|percentage=7.18|change={{increase}}9.30}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,41,066|percentage=76.16|change={{increase}}5.88}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing={{decrease}}8.77}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were {{formatnum:165638}} registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruvikkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[G. Karthikeyan]]|votes=56,797|percentage=48.79|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|candidate=Ambalathara Sreedharan Nair|votes=46,123|percentage=39.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sivankutty C.|votes=7,694|percentage=6.61|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=A. Balan|votes=1,746|percentage=1.50|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Poovathoor S. Rajeev|votes=972|percentage=0.83|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sanil V. O.|votes=913|percentage=0.78|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=R. Rajappan|votes=753|percentage=0.65|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Karakulam Sathyakumar|votes=651|percentage=0.56|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=S. Sreekumar|votes=525|percentage=0.45|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Latha B. Vellumannadi|votes=244|percentage=0.21|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=10,674|percentage=9.17|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,16,418|percentage=70.28|change=}}

{{Election box new seat win|winner=Indian National Congress}}{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Aruvikkara]]
* [[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}
{{coords|8.57|77.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Kerala]]

Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital

2026-03-21T05:44:54Z

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{{Short description|Medical college and hospital in Bihar, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital
| former_name = DMCH
| image = File:DMCH-LOGO-1 (1).png
| image_size = 300px
| city = [[Darbhanga]]
| region = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| postalcode = 846003
| established = {{Start date and age|1925}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| students =
| staff =
| campus = Urban
| website = {{URL|https://dmc.edu.in/}}
| principal = Dr. UC Jha<ref>{{cite web |last1=Darbhanga medical college |first1=Principal |title=Darbhanga Medical College |url=http://www.darbhangamedicalcollege.com/ |website=Darbhanga Medical College |access-date=13 February 2020 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105113605/http://darbhangamedicalcollege.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| academic_affiliations = [[Bihar University of Health Sciences]]
| affiliation = [[National Medical Commission]]
| academic_staff = 487
}}
[[File:D.M.C.H.png|230px|thumb|Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital]]

'''Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital''' (abbreviated as '''DMCH''') is a government [[medical college]] having multiple healthcare facilities and is located in [[Darbhanga, Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collegedunia.com/college/10368-darbhanga-medical-college-darbhanga|title=Darbhanga Medical College, Darbhanga|website=Collegedunia|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> It was established in the year 1925.<ref>{{Cite Speeches-of-Maharaja-Rameshwar-
Singh.Chand.Kolkata.1928web|url=https://www.edufever.com/dmch-darbhanga/|title=DMCH Darbhanga 2020-21:Admission, Fee, Courses, Cutoff|last=Staff|first=Edufever|date=2019-11-18|website=Edufever|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> It is ranked '''3rd''' in Bihar and '''94th''' in India by IIRF 2023 ranking. College is currently affiliated with [[Bihar University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=.:Official Website : Bihar University of Health Sciences, Patna:. |url=http://buhs.ac.in/ |access-date=2020-02-13 |website=akubihar.ac.in}}</ref>

== History ==
The medical college was constructed through the efforts of King [[Rameshwar Singh]] of the Khandavala Dynasty who also built the beautiful Raj Nagar Palace in [[Madhubani district|Madhubani.]] According to historical records, the [[Prince of Wales]], later known as [[Edward VIII]], visited Bihar in 1925. Darbhanga Maharaj [[Rameshwar Singh]] invited him to visit a medical school in [[Patna]] named ‘Temple of Medical Learning’.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}

The Prince, who subsequently became King Edward VIII, was very impressed by working of the medical school. On behalf of the British government, he offered to the [[Maharaja]] to upgrade the medical school into a new college for medicine.

The older, ‘Temple of Medical Learning’ was decided to be shifted somewhere else in Bihar. According to old folks, the ‘Temple of Medical Learning’, was earlier decided to be transferred to, Muzaffarpur.

The twist in the tale begin here! The maharaja accepted the relocation of the medical school but proposed establishing it in Darbhanga. Eventually, his wish was fulfilled, paving the way for the medical College in the city. The Raj family donated 300 acres of prime land in the middle of the twin cities of Darbhanga and Laheriasarai, along with Rs 6 lakh for setting up and expanding the Medical College.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}

Initially, the medical college was located, inside today's police hospital situated near Lohia Chowk of the city. Before a start, the king had to deposit an amount of Rs 25,000 to the British to shift the medical college. After the king, his son Kameshwar Singh upgraded and renamed the ‘Temple of Medical Learning’ to Darbhanga Medical College in 1946.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}

== College ==
The college offers courses including [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]], BSc nursing etc. The admission process is done on the basis of marks obtained in NEET examination and the regulating body is [[National Medical Commission]] (NMC)
The college was earlier identified by the [[Government of India]] as a site for constructing an [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Hospital==
The college provides major healthcare facilities for the people. College campus is divided among several buildings including a two-story Outdoor where thousands of patients visits daily. This is the only public healthcare institution centered in Darbhanga benefiting the people from Madhubani, Saharsa, Supaul, Samastipur and all other neighbouring districts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/health-ministry-clears-proposal-to-establish-aiims-in-place-of-darbhanga-medical-college-hospital20200109184848/|title=Health ministry clears proposal to establish AIIMS in the campus of Darbhanga Medical College Hospital|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213113725/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/health-ministry-clears-proposal-to-establish-aiims-in-place-of-darbhanga-medical-college-hospital20200109184848/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/darbhanga-medical-college-hospital-to-be-upgraded-as-second-aiims-in-bihar-nadda-assures-nitish/articleshow/68235113.cms|title=Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital to be upgraded as second AIIMS in Bihar, Nadda assures Nitish|newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 March 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-02-13|first=The|language=en|last=Pioneer|title=Health Ministry OK's setting up of AIIMS in Darbhanga|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/india/health-ministry-ok---s-setting-up-of-aiims-in-darbhanga.html|website=The Pioneer}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Education|Medical|India}}
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in Bihar]]
*[[List of educational institutions in Patna]]
*[[All India Council for Technical Education]]
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] [[Patna]]
** [[Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Muzaffarpur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dmc.edu.in/ College website]
* [https://dmch.in/ Hospital website]
*http://buhs.ac.in/

{{Aryabhatta Knowledge University}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Bihar]]
[[Category:Education in Darbhanga]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1946]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Bihar]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in India]]

{{Bihar-university-stub}}

Vidhi (TV series)

2026-03-17T16:54:32Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image =Vidhi Sun TV Serial.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Thavan Suppaiya Marudhu Shankar (Dialogues)
| director = K. Shiva (1-101). G.Stalin (102-262)
| creative_director = A. Guru Baran
| starring = Sirija Rashmi Jayraj Vibhu Raman Ravi Raj Anu Yuvasri Surjith Ansary Lenin Anpan
| theme_music_composer = [[Dhina]]
| opentheme = "Vidhiye Vidhiye"
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 262
| list_episodes =
| producer = San Media Ltd
| cinematography = S.Ezhilselvan
| editor = C.S. Rajapradeep Muralikrishnan
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| company = San Media Limited
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2017|3|6}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|1|20}}
| screenplay = C.U.Muthuselvan
| story = Lydia Paul
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
}}

'''''Vidhi''''' ({{translation|Fate}}) is a 2017-2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language family [[Tamil television drama|television series]] starring Sirija, Rashmi Jayraj, Vibhu Raman, Ravi Raj, Surjith Ansary and Anu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sun-tv-airs-a-new-serial-titled-vidhi/articleshow/57513241.cms|title=Sun TV airs a new serial titled Vidhi|date=7 March 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728210702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sun-tv-airs-a-new-serial-titled-vidhi/articleshow/57513241.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It replaced [[Nijangal (TV series)|Nijangal]] and was broadcast on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on Monday to Saturday from 6 March 2017 to 20 January 2018 for 301 episodes. It was produced by San Media Ltd and directed by Stalin Iniya. The title track was composed by [[Dhina]] and sung by [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and Rita with lyrics by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=C/uyiKbxunE=%20&ShowType=banner|title=Vidhi Serial Page|publisher=www.sunnetwork.in|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308220534/http://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=C/uyiKbxunE=%20&ShowType=banner|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/sun-tv-telecast-3-new-serials-prime-time-045055.html|title=குஷ்புவின் நிஜங்கள் அவுட்.. மகாலட்சுமி, சுமங்கலி, விதி... வரிசைகட்டும் புது சீரியல்கள்!|date=4 March 2017 |publisher=tamil.filmibeat.com|access-date=12 March 2017|archive-date=13 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313041834/http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/sun-tv-telecast-3-new-serials-prime-time-045055.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It ended on 20 January 2018.

==Synopsis==
Vidhi is a Tamil romance and drama written by Thavan Suppaiya and Marudhu Shankar, who also wrote the dialogues for the characters. Lydia Paul developed the story, and Stalin Iniya and Guru Balan directed it. A typical Tamil soap which involves love, heartbreak, and romance won the hearts of the Tamil audience.

It aired on Sun TV on March 6, 2017, and it starts at 1 p.m. The title track and songs were written and composed by Dhina and Vairamuthu. Karthik, the Tamil singer, sang the song "Vidhiye Vidhiye" as his debut. The characters are Nila, played by Sirija; Rashmi; Raghu, played by Jagathish; and Ravi Raj, along with Azhagesan, Maragadham, and Dhinesh. They are the ones that play the leading roles and are vital to this show.

Nila is a housewife who is married to Raghu. Due to private reasons, both cannot bring a child into the world, so they decide to adopt one from an unmarried lady, Diya. Her husband, Siddharth, agrees to the adoption, but the twist arises when Raghu's sister, Chitra, marries him.

Problems find their way into this household as everyone notices the awkwardness of having the adopted child and his father in the same family but with different relationships. The feeling turns into discontentment, and slowly it becomes resentment between the two parties. Diya is not happy with her husband getting remarried, and that too with a close relative of the parent who adopted her child.

The animosity grows in the household, and the feelings turn into verbal insults and abuses of each other as they try to manage the situation. Siddharth is attracted to Chitra, and they are not willing to separate when her brother tries to convince her. Meanwhile, they consider taking away his child, but it is more complicated than that as the adoption papers are already signed and the agency managed the entire process.

To keep the child, the families must come to a consensus. They should be in agreement with each other. But staying calm is something that seems impossible in these situations. As the show goes on, the viewers can only be updated with each episode and find out what happens next.

==Cast==
===Main cast===
{{div col}}
* Sreeja as Dr.Nila Raghu
* Rashmi Jayraj as Dhiya Dev
* Vibhu Raman as Raghu
* Karan Sagar as Dev
{{div col end}}

===Recurring cast===
{{div col}}
* Parthi as Magesh
* Ravi Raj
* Bombay Babu as Azhagesan
* Revathy Shankar as Maragadham
* Surjith Ansary as Dhinesh
* Anu as Chithra
* Yuvasri
* Sarath Chandra
* Mounica Devi
* Anitha
* Hemalatha
* Lenin Anpan
* Devipriya as Punithavathi
* [[Haripriya Isai]] as Mythili
* Sripriya
* Hema Rajkumar
* Shayrin
* David
* Surender
* Rajesh
* Vairavaraj
{{div col end}}

==Title song==
The title suntv
song was written by lyricist [[Vairamuthu]], composed by [[Dhina]] and sung by [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and Rita.

===Soundtrack===
{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Vidhiye Vidhiye (விதியே விதியே) Title Song
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and Rita
| music1 = [[Dhina]]
| length1 = 3:00
}}

==Production==
The series was directed by Stalin Iniya. It was produced by San Media Ltd, along with the production crew of 2004-2018 [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] serials [[Ahalya (TV series)|Ahalya]] (2004-2006), Bandham (2006-2009), [[Uravugal]] (2009-2012) and [[Bommalattam (TV series)|Bommalattam]] (2012-2016).

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt12158816}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Rita Brara Mukhopadhyay

2026-03-14T19:43:17Z

ArryArrd: Added First Details Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian sociologist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rita Brara Mukhopadhyay
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation = sociologist, professor, author, editor
| notable_works = ''Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Remaking of Village Commons in India'' (2006 book)
}}

'''Rita Brara''' is an Indian sociologist, professor, author, and the editor of the academic journal ''[[Contributions to Indian Sociology]].''

She is the author of the 2006 book ''Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Remaking of Village Commons in India.''

== Education ==
Brara has a 1990 PhD from the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]. Her thesis was ''Kinship in a Princely State: A Study of Malerkotla, India (1890-1990)''.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}

== Career ==

She has taught in the University of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rita Brara - Delhi University |url=http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/departments/faculty_members/Sociology/3059.pdf |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.du.ac.in/}}</ref> She is currently a visiting professor/fellow at the [[Institute of Economic Growth]] in Delhi, and [[Ashoka University]] in [[Sonipat|Sonepat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior Visiting Fellows - IEG |url=https://iegindia.org/researchers/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Institute of Economic Growth (https://iegindia.org/)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashoka University - Rita Brara |url=https://www.ashoka.edu.in/profile/rita-brara-mukhopadhyay/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Ashoka University}}</ref> Brara is the editor, and previously was the co-editor, of the journal ''[[Contributions to Indian Sociology]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contributions to Indian Sociology - Editorial Board |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/editorial-board/CIS |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Contributions to Indian Sociology (SAGE website)}}</ref>

She is the author of the 2006 book ''Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Remaking of Village Commons in India (ISBN 9780195673012).''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Routray |first=Sailen |date=May 2007 |title=Book Review of Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Remaking of Village commons in India by Rita Brara, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006 |url=http://eprints.nias.res.in/99/ |journal=Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews |language=en |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=263–264|doi=10.1177/009430610703600335 |s2cid=143882664 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 2007 |title=Book reviews |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/006996670704100206 |journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=257–283 |doi=10.1177/006996670704100206 |s2cid=220849009 |issn=0069-9667|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Selected publications ==
*{{Cite book |last=Brara |first=Rita |date=2006 |title=Shifting landscapes the making and remaking of village commons in India |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/939839102 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}<ref>Reviews for ''Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Remaking of Village Commons in India''
*{{Cite journal |last=Burman |first=J. J. Roy |date=2006|title=Un-Making the 'Commons' |jstor=4418138 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=41 |issue=17 |pages=1632–1634 |issn=0012-9976}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Routray |first=Sailen |date=2007 |title=Review of Shifting Landscapes: The Making and Unmaking of Village Commons in India |jstor=20443798 |journal=Contemporary Sociology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=263–264 |doi=10.1177/009430610703600335 |s2cid=143882664 |issn=0094-3061}}
*{{cite magazine|url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2006/564/564_books.htm|title=Books|magazine=Seminar Magazine|year=2006|first=Prakash|last=Kashwan}}</ref>
* Brara, Rita. 2021. Introduction. In ''Contributions to Indian Sociology:'' Special Issue on Conversations on the Anthropocene and Climate Change. 55 (3) pp 307–323.
* 2019. ‘Feet on The Ground, Eyes on the Horizon: Anthropology of Environment and Climate Change in India’. In S. Srivastava et al. ed. ''[https://sk.sagepub.com/books/critical-themes-in-indian-sociology Critical Themes in Indian Sociology].'' New Delhi: Sage.
* 2018. ‘[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-7557-5_10 Ritual at the Cutting Edge: Everyday Animal Slaughter as Practice and Symbol]’. In L.Choukroune and P. Bhandari ed. ''Exploring Indian Modernities : Ideas and Practice''. UK: Springer.
* 2018. ‘[https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/186114/1/1016303246.pdf Courting Resilience: The National Green Tribunal, India]’. UNRISD: ''Working Paper'' 2018–4.
* 2017. ‘The Visual Culture of Meat Shop Signs in Delhi’. In U.Skoda and B.Lettmann ed. ''India and its Visual Cultures: Community, Class and Gender in Symbolic Landscape.'' NewDelhi: Sage.
* 2017. ‘Courting Nature: Advances in Indian Jurisprudence’. In Can Nature Have Rights? Legal and Political Insights ed. Anna Leah Tabios Hillebrecht and María Valeria Berros. ''RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society.'' 6: 31–36.
* 2016. ‘Animal Rights vs. Bullfights: The Horns of an Indian Dilemma’. Environment & Society Portal, ''Arcadia'' Spring 2016, no. 5. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society. <nowiki>http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/7426</nowiki>.
* 2015. ‘Punjabi Inscriptions of Kinship and Marriage’. In R. Chatterji ed. ''Wording the World: Veena Das and Scenes of Inheritance.'' New York: Fordham.
* 2014. ‘Shaping Land Rights: Tenurial Class, Lineage and Gender in Malerkotla, India’. ''Asian Journal of Women’s Studies''20 No. 4 (2).
* 2013. ‘Not so Boring. Assembling and Reassembling Groundwater Tales and Technologies from Malerkotla, Punjab’. In John Wagner ed. ''The Social Life of Water''. New York: Berghahn Books. Chapter 6.
* 2012. CA Forum on Public Anthropology. Comment on John R. Wagner's ‘Water as a Commons Imaginary’ ''Current Anthropology'' Vol. 53 (5) October issue.
* 2011. ‘Why a Cousin Becomes a Spouse: Elementary, says Levi-Strauss’. In Dipankar Gupta ed. ''My Favourite Levi-Strauss.'' Yoda Press, New Delhi. pp. 62–86.
* 2011. ‘Flowers and Gender in Contemporary Paris: Reflections on a Visual Study’. Working Paper Series 2011/XIII.European Studies Programme, University of Delhi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhopadhyay, Rita}}
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:Indian women sociologists]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian academic journal editors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jayanta Meher

2026-03-14T18:17:07Z

ArryArrd: New Stub

{{Short description|Indian painter}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jayanta Kumar Meher
| image = Jayanta Meher Bolangir Pic.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|06|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Sonepur, [[Odisha]], India
| alma_mater = [[Sambalpur University]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orissaresults.nic.in/sbpres2013op.asp |title=Sambalpur University, Odisha |access-date=2013-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607184145/http://orissaresults.nic.in/sbpres2013op.asp |archive-date=2013-06-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| occupation = Artist (Painter)
| parents = [[Kailash Chandra Meher]], [[Laxmi Meher]]
}}
'''Jayanta Meher''', born on 13 June 1986), is a young Artist of Odisha Pattachitra painting. He was born in [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]] and lives in [[Bolangir]], [[Odisha]].<ref>https://www.facebook.com/jmeher13 {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2021}}

==Early life and family==

Jayanta Meher is the younger son of famous artist Padmashree [[Kailash Chandra Meher]]. He learned painting from his parents. All members of his family are well-known artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handicrafts.nic.in/awards/na2001.htm |title=List of National Awardees in respect of Handicrafts and Handlooms Sector |publisher=Handicrafts.nic.in |date= |access-date=2013-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929055958/http://handicrafts.nic.in/awards/na2001.htm |archive-date=2013-09-29 }}</ref><ref>[http://handicrafts.nic.in/awards/na2005.pdf Awards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102142525/http://handicrafts.nic.in/awards/na2005.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }}</ref>

==Career==

He was 10 years old when he started learning this craft. He won the Master Craftsman '''National Award''' in the year 2001. He participated in many exhibitions across India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.brasstacksmadras.com/2011_09_01_archive.html |title=Getting down to it: September 2011 |publisher=Blog.brasstacksmadras.com |date= |access-date=2013-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031115051/http://blog.brasstacksmadras.com/2011_09_01_archive.html |archive-date=2012-10-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://themecrafts.in/BusinessEntity/JAYANTA_KUMAR_MEHER-en-US-203.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702104356/http://themecrafts.in/BusinessEntity/JAYANTA_KUMAR_MEHER-en-US-203.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-02 |title=Jayanta Kumar Meher |publisher=Themecrafts.in |date= |access-date=2013-05-07 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cohands.in/awardees3.asp?t1=42&t2=statewise&t3=Orissa |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-02 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061232/http://www.cohands.in/awardees3.asp?t1=42&t2=statewise&t3=Orissa |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meher, Jayanta}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:People from Subarnapur district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Sambalpur University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Viveka Babajee

2026-03-13T17:20:43Z

ArryArrd: stub

{{Redirect|Babajee|the politician|Arvin Babajee}}{{Short description|Mauritian model and actress}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox model
| name = Viveka Babajee
| image = Viveka Babajee.jpg
| birth_name = Viveka Babajee
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1973|05|27}}
| birth_place = [[Port Louis]], [[Mauritius]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|6|25|1973|5|23}}
| death_place = [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]], India
| height = 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)
| haircolor = Brown
| eyecolor = Black
| agency =
| website =
}}

'''Viveka Babajee''' (27 May 1973 – 25 June 2010) was a [[Mauritian]] actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She held the titles of [[Miss Mauritius]] World 1993 and Miss Mauritius Universe 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=48 |title=List of Former Miss Mauritius World |publisher=Miss Mauritius Organisation |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727085639/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=48 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 |title=List of Former Miss Mauritius Universe |publisher=Miss Mauritius Organisation |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727090309/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> She was best known for her [[KamaSutra condoms|KamaSutra condom]] advertisements in the 1990s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdt6nk5q_9A |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913174948/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdt6nk5q_9A |archive-date=2021-09-13 |url-status=dead|date=2010-06-27 |title=Rare Kamasutra Condom Ad | website=[[YouTube]] |format=VID}}</ref> and for her involvement in the [[1994 Manila Film Festival scandal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/263943/supermodelactress-viveka-babajee-hangs-self-india |title=Supermodel-actress Viveka Babajee hangs self in India |publisher=Manila Bulletin |date=26 June 2010 |first=Robert R |last=Requintina}}</ref>

Babajee was found hanging from the [[ceiling fan]] in her apartment on 25 June 2010, at her [[Bandra]] residence in [[Mumbai]]. Police reports stated that she committed [[suicide]] due to [[depression (mood)|depression]].

==Early life==
The youngest of four sisters, Babajee was born in [[Port Louis]], [[Mauritius]] on 27 May 1973.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} Her mother was [[Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] and was born in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. Babajee moved to India in the mid-1990s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Pageantry==
Babajee represented Mauritius in the [[Miss World 1993]] pageant in [[South Africa]] and in the [[Miss Universe 1994]] pageant held in the Philippines. Following the latter event, she stayed on in [[Manila]] as a guest of her fellow pageant competitor [[Ruffa Gutierrez]] and cohosted the awarding ceremonies of the 1994 edition of the [[Manila Film Festival]], during which she was embroiled in a [[1994 Manila Film Festival scandal|scandal]] over results tampering with Gutierrez and several others that saw her announce the wrong set of winners. She subsequently left the Philippines after being vilified by the local press and declared ''[[persona non grata]]'' in Manila but maintained that she was manipulated into participating in the incident.<ref name="victim">{{cite news |last=Lo |first=Ricky |title=FUNFARE: Miss Mauritius: I'm also a victim |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2010/06/29/588276/miss-mauritius-im-also-victim |date=29 June 2010 |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last1= Sison|first1= Bebot Jr.|last2= Suerte Felipe|first2= Cecile| title=Court junks raps vs Ruffa | publisher=The Philippine Star | url=https://www.philstar.com/metro/2002/07/02/166768/court-junks-raps-vs-ruffa | date=2 July 2002| access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Guerrero| first=Eileen | title=Seven Charged in Philippine Movie Scandal | publisher=Associated Press| url=https://apnews.com/article/52d8b8253e33b1370287d13104c3c401 | date=29 June 1994| access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
Babajee achieved success in India with [[KamaSutra (brand)|KamaSutra condoms]] commercials. She also participated in music videos for [[Daler Mehndi]]'s "Boom Boom", [[Harbhajan Mann]]'s "Hai Meri Billo" and [[Abbey]]'s "Phir Se". In 2009, her company, Cream Events, achieved success with the help of her ex-boyfriend and business partner, Kartik Jobanputra. She later broke all ties with Cream Events.

As a model, Babajee walked the ramp for India's top designers including [[Ritu Kumar]], [[Ritu Beri]], [[Abu Jani]] and [[Sandeep Khosla]], [[Rohit Bal]], [[Suneet Varma]], [[JJ Valaya]], [[Tarun Tahiliani]], and many others. In January 2010, she started her own event management business and managed projects like the [[Arjun Khanna]] show by Taj Colaba. Her company was named "VIBGYOR ENT" (Lifestyle and Boutik Events). [[Roy G. Biv|VIBGYOR]] is an acronym for the seven colours of the rainbow (violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange & red).

Viveka Babajee had been an anchor for [[FashionTV|FTV]] India. She made her debut film appearance in ''[[Yeh Kaisi Mohabbat]]'', co-starring with Deeksha and Krishna, released in 2002. Even though the movie did poorly at the box office, Babajee's performance did not go unnoticed.

==Death==
She was found hanging from the [[ceiling fan]] in her apartment on 25 June 2010, at her Bandra residence in Mumbai. The police reports stated that Babajee committed suicide due to depression. The last entry in her diary, which was found next to her body, said, "you killed me, Gautam Vohra,"<ref>{{cite web|title=A nightmare birthday for Gautam Vohra|url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=201006262010062623100358e4b99d4&sectxslt=|access-date=14 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112023141/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?Page=article|archive-date=12 January 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and unconfirmed reports stated that she became depressed after separating from her boyfriend, Vohra.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/facebook-messages-provide-new-leads-in-viveka-case-44111 "Facebook messages provide new leads in Viveka case"], 13 August 2010, ''[[NDTV]]''</ref> However, in 2012, the case was re-opened by police after Vohra was arrested in connection with a murder case.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who wrote Viveka Babajee's 'suicide letter'?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/who-wrote-viveka-babajees-suicide-letter-478683|website=NDTV|access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Yeh Kaisi Mohabbat]]'' || Priya Thakral || Hindi || Bollywood debut
|}

==See also==
*[[List of people who died by hanging]]
*[[List of Mauritian models]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1163179}}

{{Miss World 1993 delegate}}
{{Miss Universe 1994 delegates}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babajee, Viveka}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Port Louis District]]
[[Category:Mauritian emigrants to India]]
[[Category:Mauritian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Bandra]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mauritian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Mauritian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Mauritian actresses]]
[[Category:Mauritian female models]]
[[Category:Mauritian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Mauritian people of Marathi descent]]
[[Category:Mauritian businesswomen]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Female models of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Miss Universe 1994 contestants]]
[[Category:Miss World 1993 delegates]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:2010 suicides]]
[[Category:20th-century Mauritian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Mauritian people]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Female suicides]]

Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat

2026-03-11T08:51:11Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|Indian Hindi web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat title.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| based_on =
| developer = Ekta Kapoor
| writer = Reshu Nath
| director = Muzammil Desai
| creative_director = Prashant Bhatt Sonalika Bhonsle
| starring = [[Ram Kapoor]] [[Sakshi Tanwar]]
| theme_music_composer = [[Pritam|Pritam Chakraborty]]
| open_theme = ''Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat''
| end_theme =
| composer = Binod Ghimile
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 42
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] [[India]]
| cinematography =
| editor = Vikas Sharma Vishal Sharma Sandip Bhatt
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 19-25 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[ALT Balaji]] [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2017|04|21|df=yes}} - {{End date|2019|04|04|df=y}}
}}

'''''Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat''''' is a [[Hindi]] [[web series]] created and produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] for [[ALTBalaji]] and [[ZEE5]]. It stars [[Ram Kapoor]] and [[Sakshi Tanwar]]. The series is about two opposite people falling in love with each other.<ref name="missmalini">{{cite web|url=https://www.missmalini.com/2017/04/21/sakshi-tanwar-ram-kapoors-new-web-series-is-a-refreshing-take-on-love/#axzz4pXwAijTl|title=Sakshi Tanwar & Ram Kapoor's New Web Series Is A Refreshing Take On Love|website=MissMalini|date=21 April 2017 |accessdate=2017-08-12}}</ref> The series was launched on [[Zee TV]] on 25 March 2020 as a substitute to the Zee TV shows whose broadcast had to be stopped by the channel due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=25 March 2020 |title=Ram Kapoor-Sakshi Tanwar's show to replace Kumkum Bhagya, Kundali Bhagya during lockdown: Ekta Kapoor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ram-kapoor-sakshi-tanwar-s-show-to-replace-kumkum-bhagya-kundali-bhagya-during-lockdown-ekta-kapoor/story-sOdwz3W6jxjP8rD0BTzDHN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>

==Overview==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Season
! Episodes
! Season premiere
! Ref
|-
| '''1'''
| 15
| 28 April 2017
|
|-
| '''2'''
| 14
| 14 February 2018
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-2-5-reasons-ram-kapoor-and-sakshi-tanwar-s-web-series-is-a-must-watch-1172871-2018-02-19 |title=Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat 2: 5 reasons Ram Kapoor and Sakshi Tanwar's web series is a must watch |last=Uniyal |first=Parmita |date=19 February 2018 |publisher=[[India Today]] |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| '''3'''
| 13
| 4 April 2019
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaushal |first=Ruchi |date=29 July 2019 |title=Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat season 3: Ram Kapoor, Sakshi Tanwar's love story takes a hit, MeToo connect adds drama |url=https://hindustantimes.com/bollywood/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-season-3-ram-kapoor-sakshi-tanwar-s-love-story-takes-a-hit-metoo-connect-adds-drama/story-kKIJpxb47NcYZLjHdMRGlN.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

==Plot==
Karan Khanna is a superstar and recovering alcoholic who takes a detox trip to [[Mahabaleshwar]] with his new counselor Dr. Tripurasundari Nagrajan (Tipsy/Tanpura/Tirumalai Express/Nagarjuna), who he dislikes because of her strictness. The story takes a turn when he attends his estranged daughter's wedding and discovers that opposites can truly attract. The show explores how romance blossoms between the distinctly different personalities of Karan and Tipsy.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Ram Kapoor]] as Karan "KK" Khanna; A superstar, Radhika's ex-husband, Tipsy's husband, Trisha and Piya's biological father.
* [[Sakshi Tanwar]] as Dr. Tripurasundari "Tipsy" Nagrajan: A de-addiction therapist, Karan's wife, Piya's mother.
* Arshia Verma as Piya Nagrajan: Tipsy and Karan's daughter, Ved's adoptive daughter.
* [[Shweta Kawatra]] as Radhika Awasthi: Karan's ex-wife.
* Sanyukta Timsina as Trisha Awasthi: Radhika and Karan's daughter, Prabuddha's adoptive daughter.
* [[Sameer Kochhar]] as Palash Arora: Mr. Mehta's son, Tipsy's ex-boyfriend.
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Ved Saxena: Tipsy's friend/lover, a lawyer.
* [[Karishma Tanna]] as Zoya Hussain: Karan's business partner and friend, a producer.
* [[Sunayana Fozdar]] as Divya: Karan "KK" Khanna's manager.

===Recurring===
* [[Tanvi Vyas]] as Sherry: Tipsy's maternal cousin, Vishal's wife.
* [[Kavi Shastri]] / Puneet Tejwani as Vishal: Karan's best friend, Sherry's husband.
* Farida Patel Venkat as Venkateshwari Nagrajan alias "Amma": Tipsy's mother, Karan "KK"'s mother-in-law, Sherry's maternal aunt.
* [[Faezeh Jalali]] as Romila Chhetri: Actress, Karan's obsessive fan with mental issues and the occasional comic relief.
* Vikram Kapadiya as Prabuddha Kohli: Radhika's second husband, Trisha's adoptive father (Deceased).
* Dishank Arora / [[Rohan Gandotra]] as Rohan Patel: Trisha's love interest.
* [[Vatsal Seth]] as Aryan Khan: A lead actor, Karan's professional rival.
* [[Iris Maity]] as Sanam Mehta
* Devaksh Rai as Private Investigator

===Special appearance===
* [[Aftab Shivdasani]]
* [[Akshay Kumar]]
* [[Anil Kapoor]]
* [[Bipasha Basu]]
* [[Jeetendra]]
* [[Karan Johar]]
* [[Parineeti Chopra]]
* [[Ranbir Kapoor]]
* [[Rishi Kapoor]]
* [[Ronit Roy]]
* [[Saif Ali Khan]]
* [[Sanjay Kapoor]]
* [[Sonali Bendre]]
* [[Vivek Oberoi]]
* [[Vidya Balan]]

==Reception==
Gursimran Kaur Banga of [[The Times of India]] wrote, "The story is fast-paced and there are no slow moments. It is the quick succession in the plot that keeps you hooked and makes you look forward to the story. The winner in the web series is the fabulous chemistry shared by Ram Kapoor and Sakshi Tanwar."<ref>{{cite news |last=Banga |first=Gursimran Kaur |date=18 April 2017 |title=Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat Review: Sakshi Tanwar and Ram Kapoor steal the show in this love story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-review-sakshi-tanwar-and-ram-kapoor-steal-the-show-in-this-love-story/articleshow/58221595.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.altbalaji.com/show/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-season-1/130 Watch Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat Season 1] on ALTBalaji
*[https://www.altbalaji.com/show/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-season-2/174 Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat Season 2] on ALTBalaji
*[https://www.altbalaji.com/show/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-season-3/264 Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat Season 3] on ALTBalaji
*{{IMDb title|7151584}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat/0-6-2613 Watch Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat] on [[ZEE5]]

{{ALT Balaji Shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat}}
[[Category:2017 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:ALTBalaji original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]

Arjun (1985 film)

2026-03-03T23:49:22Z

ArryArrd: general updated structure for clarity and updated info

{{short description|1985 film}}
{{About|the 1985 film||Arjun (disambiguation){{!}}Arjun}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arjun
| image = Arjun 1985 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Rahul Rawail]]
| producer = [[Karim Morani]] Sunil Soorma
| writer = [[Javed Akhtar]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sunny Deol]] [[Dimple Kapadia]] [[Raj Kiran (Bollywood actor)|Raj Kiran]] [[Prem Chopra]] [[Anupam Kher]] [[A. K. Hangal]] [[Supriya Pathak]] [[Shafi Inamdar]] [[Paresh Rawal]] [[Raja Bundela]] [[Satyajeet Puri]] [[Annu Kapoor]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[Baba Azmi]]
| editing = Dilip Kotalgi
| studio = [[Cineyug Films]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|1985|04|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}1.5 crore<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Pereira |first=Godfrey |date=31 July 1991 |title=Reaching for the stars |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19910731-backstage-workers-use-their-fortunes-to-produce-their-own-movies-and-to-take-a-shot-at-fame-814628-1991-07-30 |magazine=[[India Today]] |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Living Media]] |access-date=23 April 2024 |quote=They are tight-lipped about money, but their banner, Cineyug, kicked off in 1985 with a Sunny Deol starrer, Arjun, made at the cost of Rs 1.5 crore. |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206080032/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19910731-backstage-workers-use-their-fortunes-to-produce-their-own-movies-and-to-take-a-shot-at-fame-814628-1991-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}5.5 crore<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=From 'Betaab' To 'Border', And 'Gadar 2', 9 Times Sunny Deol Hit Bull’s Eye At Box-Office |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/web-stories/from-betaab-to-border-and-gadar-2-6-times-sunny-deol-hit-bulls-eye-at-box-office/slideshow/103349546.cms |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Arjun''''' is a 1985 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime action film]] directed by [[Rahul Rawail]]. Written by [[Javed Akhtar]], the film stars [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Dimple Kapadia]] in lead roles, while [[Raj Kiran (actor)|Raj Kiran]], [[Prem Chopra]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[A. K. Hangal]] and [[Supriya Pathak]] play other pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/may/10/25565/35-years-of-arjun-how-an-article-about-the-gang-wars-of-the-1980s-inspired-the-film-s-plot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028170048/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/may/10/25565/35-years-of-arjun-how-an-article-about-the-gang-wars-of-the-1980s-inspired-the-film-s-plot|url-status=live|archive-date=28 October 2020|title=35 years of Arjun: How an article about the gang wars of the 1980s inspired the film's plot|first=Keyur|last=Seta|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The plot of the film revolves around a group of radical young men who take matters into their hands to fight against corruption.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun – Red Chillies Entertainment |url=https://www.redchillies.com/movies/arjun |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=www.redchillies.com}}</ref>

The film was a big commercial success and catapulted Deol to superstardom.<ref name="auto"/> [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] called it Deol's best action film.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Verma|first1=Sukanya|author-link=Sukanya Verma|title=Classic Revisited: Arjun, Sunny Deol's BEST action film|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/classic-revisited-arjun-sunny-deols-best-action-film/20140904.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=21 August 2017|date=4 September 2014|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812113229/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/classic-revisited-arjun-sunny-deols-best-action-film/20140904.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> This film also marked the debut of [[Paresh Rawal]] in commercial cinema.<ref name=PR>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/how-karim-morani-selected-paresh-rawal-for-a-role-in-the-1985-hit-film-arjun-5188813.html|title=How Karim Morani Selected Paresh Rawal For A Role In The 1985 Hit Film Arjun|date=17 May 2022|website=News18|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207201144/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/how-karim-morani-selected-paresh-rawal-for-a-role-in-the-1985-hit-film-arjun-5188813.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The rights to this film are now owned by [[Red Chillies Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.redchillies.com/movies/movie-rights.aspx|title=Red Chillies Official Website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006020052/http://redchillies.com/movies/movie-rights.aspx|archive-date=6 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The film was later remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Sathyaa]]'', in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Bharatamlo Arjunudu]]'', in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Sangrama (film)|Sangrama]]'', and in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] as ''Suranimala''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Arunachalam|first=Param|title=BollySwar: 1981–1990|publisher=Mavrix Infotech|year=2020|isbn=9788193848227|pages=533}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story focuses on the struggles of an educated, unemployed young man fighting against [[Corruption|systemic corruption]] and [[injustice]]. The plot centres on Arjun Malvankar, a kind-hearted but volatile youth from a lower-middle-class family in Bombay. Frustrated by his unemployment and the widespread corruption he sees, Arjun's life changes when he stands up to local thugs and beats them up for extorting money.

This act of defiance puts him on a collision course with the city's criminal elements and their powerful and [[Political corruption|corrupt political]] patron, [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Dindayal Trivedi. Arjun is initially arrested, but an honest police officer, Inspector Ravi Rane, recognizes that Arjun is essentially fighting on the side of justice. Arjun is approached by Geeta Sahni, a young primary school music teacher, who asks him for a favour, which he obliges. After a few subsequent meetings, they both fall in love.

After a retaliatory attack by the goons results in the public murder of one of Arjun's close friends, and no one comes forward to testify out of fear, Arjun is pushed to his limits. While Geeta offers him unwavering love and support, Arjun is shunned by his family who fear for their safety. Soon, he is approached by a rival [[politician]], Shivkumar Chowgule.

Chowgule, appearing to be an upright and honest person, takes Arjun under his wing. He uses Arjun's strength and anti-corruption zeal to systematically dismantle Trivedi's illegal businesses and collect evidence against him, all under the guise of cleaning up the city. Arjun, believing he is working for a noble cause, is very successful.

The story takes a sharp turn when Arjun discovers that Chowgule is just as corrupt as Trivedi. Chowgule was merely using Arjun as a pawn to eliminate his rival and gather blackmail material for his own selfish gains. Disillusioned and betrayed, Arjun is thrown out and his resources are confiscated.

Now fully aware that both politicians are two sides of the same corrupt coin, a frustrated and enraged Arjun decides to take matters into his own hands. In a furious single-handed confrontation, Arjun barges into a gathering, beating up both Chowgule and Trivedi to seize the vital files that contain proof of their illegal activities. A climactic chase ensues, with Arjun pursued and wounded by Chowgule's goons. Despite his injuries, Arjun manages to escape and delivers the incriminating documents to the one honest man he trusts, Inspector Ravi Rane. The evidence leads to the arrest of both Chowgule and Trivedi, finally securing a defiant victory against corruption. The story concludes with a battered but victorious Arjun in the hospital, receiving a thumbs-up from Inspector Rane, signifying that the fight for justice, though costly, has been won.

==Cast==
{{Castlist|
*[[Sunny Deol]] as Arjun Malvankar
*[[Dimple Kapadia]] as Geeta Sahni '''–''' Arjun's girlfriend
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Shivkumar Chaugle '''–''' Politician
*[[Prem Chopra]] as Dindayal Trivedi '''–''' [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
*[[A. K. Hangal]] as Mr. Malvankar '''–''' Arjun's father
*[[Raj Kiran (Bollywood actor)|Raj Kiran]] as Inspector Ravi Rane '''–''' Sudha's husband
*[[Supriya Pathak]] as Sudha Malvankar Rane '''–''' Arjun's step-sister
*[[Shashikala]] as Rukmini Malvankar '''–''' Mr. Malvankar's wife (after his first wife's death)
*[[Raja Bundela]] as Chander '''–''' Arjun's friend
*[[Satyajeet Puri]] as Mohan '''–''' Arjun's friend
*[[Shafi Inamdar]] as Anand Patkar
*[[Paresh Rawal]] as Anup Lal<ref name=PR/> '''–''' Dindayal's henchman
*[[Annu Kapoor]] as Baburam '''–''' Chaugle's secretary
*[[Goga Kapoor]] as Ranga '''–''' Dindayal's henchman
*Leena Das as Exotic dancer '''–''' In the song "Dhadkan Pal Pal Badhti Jaaye"
*Jaspal Sandhu
*Ghanshyam Rohera as Ashok
*[[Jagdish Raj]] as Police Inspector
*Dev Kumar as Khanna
*Jagdarshan Samra as Chaugle's henchman
*[[Sheela Sharma|Sheela David]]
*[[Vikas Anand]]
}}

==Music and soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Arjun {{small|(Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)}}
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| cover =
| caption =
| artist = [[R. D. Burman]]
| alt =
| released = 20 April 1985
| recorded = 1984–1985
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Motion picture soundtrack]], [[filmi]]
| length = 21:55
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Universal Music India|Music India]]
| producer = R. D. Burman
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|AnhZx_-glYY|Arjun (Full Album)}}
}}}}
The music of this film was composed by [[R. D. Burman]]. [[Javed Akhtar]] had penned the lyrics of the songs.

{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Mammaiya Kero Mamma"
| [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| "Bhuri Bhuri Aankhonwala"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Munni Pappu Aur Chunnum"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Dhadkan Pal Pal Badhti Jaaye"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

==Awards==
;[[33rd Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>
'''Nominated'''
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – [[Cineyug|Cineyug Films]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Rahul Rawail]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] – [[Javed Akhtar]]

== Legacy ==
In 2022, [[Farhan Akhtar]] described the film as his "all-time favourite", responding to Sunny Deol’s query about where he could watch the film online. Actor Paresh Rawal, who made his commercial debut with the movie, likewise referred to Arjun as "one of my favourite films", praising its writing and performances in the same discussion thread.<ref>{{cite news |last=HT Entertainment Desk |first= |date=10 May 2022 |title=Sunny Deol asks his fans where he can watch his 1985 film Arjun, Farhan Akhtar calls it his ‘all-time favourite’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-deol-asks-his-fans-where-he-can-watch-his-1985-film-arjun-farhan-akhtar-calls-it-his-all-time-favourite-101652177832289.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0266260|Arjun}}

{{Rahul Rawail}}

[[Category:1985 action films]]
[[Category:1985 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rahul Rawail]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Criticism of Sikhism

2026-02-28T16:23:04Z

ArryArrd: fixes

{{short description|none}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Criticism of religion sidebar}}
[[Sikhism]] has often been criticised by non-Sikhs regarding its texts, practices, and societal norms, but [[Sikhs]] and other scholars argue that these criticisms are flawed and are based on a biased and poor understanding of the texts, especially of the multiple languages used in the [[Sikh scriptures]]. They also argue that most [[Western world|Western]] scholars who attempted to interpret [[Eastern world|Eastern]] religious texts were missionaries and could not overcome the bias they carried with them, irrespective of whether they were translating the [[Quran]], [[Vedas]], [[Puranas]] or the [[Guru Granth Sahib]].

Sikhism's founder [[Guru Nanak]] rejected ritualistic worship and encouraged belief in one God: [[Waheguru]]. The veneration and bowing to the Guru Granth Sahib, has often been interpreted by Western scholars as akin to [[idolatry]], as observed by the [[Hinduism|Hindu faith]], which defeats the ideology of Guru Nanak. Other scholars dismiss Sikhism as, either consciously (according to [[John Hardon]]) or spontaneously (according to John B. Noss), a syncretism of the Hindu [[Bhakti]] and [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] movements.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Sunita Puri |title=Advent of Sikh Religion: A Socio-political Perspective |date=1993 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=67}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sikh Courier International |date=2002 |series='''43''' (93) |page=8 |url={{Google books|XGNRAAAAYAAJ|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref>

==Ernest Trumpp==
[[File:Baba Bakala Darbar Sahib.jpg|thumb|The Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib in a Gurdwara]]
[[Ernest Trumpp]], a colonial-era [[Christian mission|Christian missionary]] sponsored by the Ecclesiastical Mission Society, was sent to [[Sindh]] and later to [[Punjab]], to study the languages of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. In 1869, he was asked by the [[Secretary of State for India]] on behalf of the British government to translate the [[Guru Granth Sahib|Adi Granth]] and [[Dasam Granth]]. He began studying and translating them,<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52">{{cite book|author=Tony Ballantyne|title=Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9PXaUmk-sAC|year=2006|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-3824-6|pages=52–54}}</ref> but opined that they were not worth translating in full, because "the same few ideas, were being endlessly repeated." Mandair argues that though Trumpp was a linguist, his lack of comprehension of the multiple languages used to compose the Granth and his interaction, which was limited to [[granthi]]s of the [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmala sect]], led to a flawed interpretation. The Nirmala Sikhs were [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit scholars]], who interpreted Sikh scripture from a [[Brahminical]] framework.<ref name=mandair83>{{cite book |last1=Mandair |first1=Arvind-Pal Singh |title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86|year= 2013|publisher= Bloomsburg Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7|pages=83–86}}</ref> He further adds that the Nirmalas and [[Udasi]]s rose to prominence at the expense of the mainstream [[Khalsa]] in the 18th century, which had been experiencing increased [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] persecution in the 1700s that forced it to cede control of Sikh shrines to sects without external identifying articles, and subsequently focused on political sovereignty.<ref name=mandair83/> Trumpp made no real effort to have a dialogue with established [[Sikh scholars]] of time such as [[Kahn Singh Nabha|Kahan Singh Nabha]]. He stated that the Sikh granthis who recited the text in the early 1870s lacked comprehension and its sense of meaning, largely because of the [[Vedic period|Vedic]] interpretation they attempted.<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/> He stated that "as a result of their warlike manner of life and the troubled times,"<ref>[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023913217/page/n11/mode/2up The Adi Granth], Ernest Trumpp (1877), WH Allen & Co., page vi</ref> that "Sikhs had lost all learning" and the granthis were misleading.<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/> However, Trumpp observed that the language of the Guru Granth Sahib is complex and hard to understand without an interpreter, especially in relation to important but complex ideas.<ref>{{cite book|author1=S. K. Rait|title=Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices|date=2005|publisher=Trentham Books|isbn=9781858563534|page=39|edition=illustrated}}</ref> According to Tony Ballantyne, Ernest Trumpp's insensitive approach such as treating the Sikh scripture as a mere book and blowing cigar smoke over its pages while studying the text, did not endear him to the Sikh granthis who regarded it as an embodiment of the Gurus.<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/>

Trumpp's lack of understanding of the multiple languages used in the Granth and the subtle changes in meaning led to his observation that that Sikhism was "a reform movement in spirit", but "completely failed to achieve anything of real religious significance",<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/> He concluding that the Sikhs he worked with did not understand the metaphysical speculations of their scripture. The Nirmala<ref name=mandair83/> Sikh intelligentsia he met during his years of study, stated Trumpp, only had a "partial understanding" of their own scripture. He considered most Sikhs had become more of a military brotherhood with a martial spirit, inspired by the Sikh sense of their history and identity.<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/> His lack of comprehension led him to describe the scripture as "incoherent and shallow in the extreme, and couched at the same time in dark and perplexing language, in order to cover these defects. It is for us [[Occident|Occidentals]] a most painful and almost stupefying task, to read only a single Rag".<ref name="Ballantyne2006p52"/> Trumpp criticized Adi Granth to be lacking systematic unity, unlike the [[Christian scripture|Christian texts]], which had limited linguistic variance.<ref>"Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed", by Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, p. 87</ref>

According to [[Indology|Indologist]] [[Mark Juergensmeyer]], setting aside Ernest Trumpp's negative remarks, he was a German linguist and his years of scholarship, translations, as well as field notes and discussions have been used by contemporary scholars with caution.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Juergensmeyer|editor=John Stratton Hawley and Gurinder Singh Mann|title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWJGAECpClsC |year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1426-2|pages=16–17}}</ref>

==Other sects==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi offering prayers at Shri Guru Ravidas Janmsthan Mandir, Seer Goverdhanpur, in Varanasi on February 22, 2016 (1).jpg|thumb|The idol of Ravidas in the sanctum of Shri Guru Ravidas Janmsthan Mandir in Varanasi, marking his birthplace. The Ravidassia group separated from Sikhism into a separate religion in 2009.]]

The political alignments since the [[Partition of India|independence of India in 1947]] have led to political leaders wooing [[Caste system in India|lower caste]] vote-banks that led to carving out a new sect called [[Ravidassia religion]] in 2009. The foundation of the Ravidassia religion worried Sikhs the most, as Sikhism itself emerged in 15th century to break caste and religious distinctions.<ref name=cnn1>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/03/india.new.religion/index.html | work=CNN | title=India's 'untouchables' declare own religion | date=2010-02-03}}</ref> The adherents of Ravidassia have continued to follow Guru Granth Sahib while retaining some historical Sikh symbols such as the [[Nishan Sahib|nishan sahib]] and [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]].<ref name=paramjitjudge181>Paramjit Judge (2014), Mapping Social Exclusion in India: Caste, Religion and Borderlands, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-1107056091}}, pages 179-182</ref><ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2011">{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs in Europe: Migration, Identities and Representations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3v3t9bjPAcC&pg=PA290|year= 2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-1-4094-2434-5|pages=289–291}}</ref><ref>[https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2612/stories/20090619261203300.htm Inflamed passions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204092906/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2612/stories/20090619261203300.htm |date=4 December 2019 }}, Ajoy A Mahaprashasta (2009), Frontline (The Hindu), Volume 26, Issue 12, Quote: "The violence can be understood only when we see the non-Sikh deras as independent sects and not as part of the mainstream Sikh religion. Most of such attacks happen when the mainstream religion thinks that the deras are not adhering to Sikh maryada. But if the dera followers do not identify themselves as Sikhs, where is the question of maryada?" [...] the discrimination that they see around provokes a strong reaction. Despite their population of around 50 per cent in the Doaba region, most Dalits are pushed to the western side of the villages and are robbed of all privileges. "As deras take up social issues such as infanticides, dowry, suicides and education, the backward castes are drawn towards them," he said.</ref>

Ravidassias believe that [[Ravidas]] is their [[Guru]] (saint) whereas Sikhs consider him one of the ''[[bhagat]]s'' (holy person) who is revered in the Sikh faith.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v16_1/articles/RonkiRam16_1.pdf |title=Ravidass, Dera Sachkhand Ballan and the Question of Dalit Identity in Punjab |publisher=Panjab University, Chandigarh |author=Ronki Ram |access-date=2013-12-05 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025335/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v16_1/articles/RonkiRam16_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ravidassias have attempted to create a separate lineage by appointing head preachers of Ravidass Deras as ''Guru'' whereas the Sikhs do not, states Ronki Ram.<ref name="ravidassiareligion1">{{cite journal |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v16_1/articles/RonkiRam16_1.pdf |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |year=2009 |volume=16 |issue=1 |title=Ravidass, Dera Sachkhand Ballan and the Question of Dalit Identity in Punjab |publisher=Panjab University, Chandigarh |author=Ronki Ram |access-date=2013-12-05 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025335/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v16_1/articles/RonkiRam16_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Sikh sub-tradition decisively split from Sikhism following an assassination attack on their visiting living Guru Sant Niranjan Dass and his deputy [[Ramanand Dass]] in 2009 in Vienna, which was attributed to Sikhs.<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2011"/><ref name=fl2009/> Ramanand Dass died from the attack, Niranjan Dass survived his injuries, while over a dozen attendees at the temple were also injured.<ref name=fl2009>[https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2612/stories/20090619261203300.htm Inflamed passions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204092906/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2612/stories/20090619261203300.htm |date=4 December 2019 }}, Ajoy A Mahaprashasta (2009), Frontline (The Hindu), Volume 26, Issue 12, Quote: "The riots were sparked off by an attack on Sant Niranjan Dass, the head of the Jalandhar-based Dera Sachkhand, and his deputy Rama Nand on May 24 at the Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara in Vienna where they had gone to attend a religious function. A group of Sikhs armed with firearms and swords attacked them at the gurdwara, injuring both; Rama Nand later died. The Austrian police said the attack that left some 15 others injured “had clearly been planned”."</ref>

In the 1970s, Western people – mainly North American Caucasians, Hispanics, African Americans and Europeans – led by [[Harbhajan Singh Khalsa]], also known as Yogi Bhajan, began converting to Sikhism. They called their movement Sikh Dharma Brotherhood or 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization).<ref name="Dusenberyp560"/> They accepted the Guru Granth Sahib as their scripture, underwent the rituals of Khalsa initiation, visited Amritsar, and adopted the dress (turban) and codes of Sikhs. [[Harbhajan Singh Khalsa]] was formally anointed the Religious leader (Jathedar) of Sikhism in the West by the Sikh religious body of Akal Takht, one of five [[Panj Takht|takhts]] (seats of power), in the 1980s. While it was embraced by some Sikh leaders, some Sikhs were suspicious of his methods. The criticism emanates from the yogic practices of the group as cited by Trilochan Singh, who has criticized it as "absurd and sacrilegious", citing the flamboyant titles Yogi claimed for himself, and incorporation of [[Neotantra|tantric]] [[yoga]] practices, as they were "never known in Sikh history, and were repulsive to the mind of every knowledgeable Sikh".<ref name="Dusenberyp560">{{cite book|author=Verne Dusenbery|editor=Pashaura Singh and Louis E Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA567 |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100411-7|pages=560–563}}</ref>

A similar [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes|conflict]] in the 1970s between the Sikhs and the Sant Nirankari sect, a 20th-century offshoot of the [[Nirankari]] tradition, led to accusations by some Sikhs that the Sant Nirankaris were heretical and sacrilegious.<ref name="Chima2008p55"/> Contrary to mainstream Sikhism, the Sant Nirankari leader had declared himself a guru with his own scripture in the presence of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], and added heretical variations of several Sikh rituals and symbols, including replacing the Sikh institution of the [[Panj Pyare]] council with the ''sat sitare'', and replacing ''amrit'', a mixture of mixed sugar and water [[Amrit Sanskar|administered]] to Khalsa initiates, with ''charan amrit'', water used to wash his feet.<ref name="Chima2008p55"/> They were also accused of unprovoked criticism of the Gurus and Sikh scripture, as the Sant Nirankari leader had written in his own scripture that he alone, of all religions' prophets, had agreed to go back to Earth to spread God's true message, with the understanding that God agreed that anyone who was blessed by him would go to heaven regardless of their deeds, and that analysis of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] had fruitless, using the metaphor of churning butter yielding no cream, and of being funded by the government and economic elites to undermine the community.<ref name="Chima2008p55">{{cite book|author=Jugdep S Chima|title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55|year=2008|publisher=SAGE Publishing|isbn=978-93-5150-953-0|pages=55–61}}</ref><ref name="Chadda1997">{{cite book|author=Maya Chadda|title=Ethnicity, Security, and Separatism in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5sVkpsid3lkC&pg=PA53|year=1997|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-10737-2|pages=53, 202, 254}}</ref>

While listing the daily duties of a Sikh, early ''rahitnamas'' in Sikhism warned that they must shun ''panj mel'' (five groups). These include the [[Ramraiya]]s, the [[Mina (Sikhism)|Minas]], the [[Masand]]s (corrupted tithe collectors), the [[Sects of Sikhism#Dhirmalias|Dhirmalias]], the Sir-gums (Sikhs who accept Amrit baptism but subsequently break it and cut their hair).<ref name=deol37>{{cite book|author=Jeevan Deol| editor1=Arvind-Pal S. Mandair| editor2=Christopher Shackle|author2=Gurharpal Singh|title=Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=79ZcAgAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-84634-2|pages=36–40}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=SS Kohli |title=The Sikh and Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED0syBKqafMC&pg=PA2 |publisher=Atlantic | year=1993 |pages= 2–3}}</ref>

==Academia==
A few Sikh groups have put pressure on universities to stifle academic criticism of popular Sikh literature and theories of Sikh history.<ref name="HawleyMann1993p3">{{cite book|author1=John Stratton Hawley|author2=Gurinder Singh Mann|title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWJGAECpClsC |year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1426-2|page=3}}</ref> In the early 1990s, [[Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)|Pashaura Singh]], an academic of the [[W.H. McLeod|Macleodian school]], was campaigned against for challenging the authenticity of [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. Singh was pressured to withdraw sections of his thesis.<ref name="Singh2002fw">{{cite book|author=Pashaura Singh|title=The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh Self-Definition and the Bhagat Bani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qPQtDwAAQBAJ |year=2002| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-908772-3|pages=Foreword by WH McLeod}}</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19930915-professor-of-sikh-studies-pashaura-singh-refuses-to-honour-akal-takht-decree-811562-1993-09-15 Professor of Sikh Studies Pashaura Singh refuses to honour Akal Takht decree], India Today (15 September 1993), Viji Sundaram</ref><ref name="toips2019">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/clat-to-be-held-on-2020-changes-in-question-paper-format/articleshow/72171705.cms Sikh bodies object Punjabi University's call to controversial Sikh scholar at International Conference], The Times of India (22 November 2019)</ref> The Akal Takht issued a statement that Pashaura Singh was afforded due opportunity by the Akal Rakhta and other Sikh scholars on his comparative method (borrowed from Trumpp) and his hypothesis of the draft theory was rejected as forcibly injecting undated texts dated much beyond the timeline of the Adi Granth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19930915-professor-of-sikh-studies-pashaura-singh-refuses-to-honour-akal-takht-decree-811562-1993-09-15|title = Professor of Sikh Studies Pashaura Singh refuses to honour Akal Takht decree| date=15 September 1993 }}</ref> Another academic also praised by MacLeod, [[Harjot Oberoi]], was also campaigned against for his removal by parties which denounced his methodology towards the study of Sikhism.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Norman Gerald Barrier|title=The transmission of Sikh heritage in the diaspora|year= 1996|publisher=Manohar Publishers|isbn=978-8-17304-1556|pages=281–282}}</ref>

According to the Indologist Mark Juergensmeyer, the largest group of scholars dedicated to Sikh Studies are based in and near Punjab, but these scholars project themselves as proud Sikhs and predominantly focus on showing distinctiveness of their faith rather than examine the connections and similarities of Sikhism to other religious traditions based on comparative studies of texts and manuscripts.<ref name="HawleyMann1993p12">{{cite book|author=Mark Juergensmeyer|editor=John Stratton Hawley and Gurinder Singh Mann|title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWJGAECpClsC |year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1426-2|pages=12–21}}</ref> Sikh writers criticize methodologies to "coldly dissect" their personal faith and Sikh history by "methods of social science" and by critical comparative textual or literary analysis.<ref name="HawleyMann1993p12"/> This, critiques Juergensmeyer, has set the stage for an "unhappy confrontation" between the academic scholars versus those motivated in defending the dignity of their faith, including publications by Sikh institutions that are hostile to [[W. H. McLeod]] and other scholars who are based outside India,<ref name="HawleyMann1993p12"/> and as Juergensmeyer states, some conservative Sikh scholars have made important contributions to the scholarship of Sikhism by discovering old Sikh manuscripts and publishing their analysis.<ref name="HawleyMann1993p12"/>

==See also==
*[[2015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration controversy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Criticism of religion}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Criticism of religion|Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sikhism-related controversies]]

Vyasaraja Math (Kundapura)

2026-02-28T10:04:32Z

ArryArrd: done

{{Short description|Hindu monastery}}
{{Hinduism_small}}
{{DvaitaInfobox}}
'''Sri Vyasaraja Math (Kundapura)''' also known as '''Abbur Matha''', (also written as '''Vyasaraja Matha (Kundapura)''' or '''Vyasaraja Mutt (Kundapura)''') ({{langx|kn|ಕುಂದಾಪುರ ವ್ಯಾಸರಾಜ ಮಠ}}) is one of the [[Dvaita Vedanta]] monasteries ([[matha]]) descended from Jagadguru Śrī [[Madhvacharya|Madhvācārya]] through [[Jayatirtha]] and Rajendra Tirtha (a disciple of [[Vidyadhiraja Tirtha]]) and further through Sridhara Tirtha and their disciples.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religion in Vijayanagara Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qnXAAAAMAAJ|author=Konduri Sarojini Devi|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=1990|page=133|isbn = 9788120711679|quote=This selection of Kavindra as the successor of Vidyadhiraja, leaving Rajendra Tirtha resulted in the bifurcation of the Madhva Mathas, namely Vyasaraya Matha headed by Rajendra Tirtha and Uttaradi Matha presided by Kavindra Tirtha.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tirumalai-Tirupati Dēvasthānam Epigraphical Series: pt. 1. Inscriptions of Venkatapatiraya's time|author1=Sadhu Subrahmanya Sastry|author2=V. Vijayaraghavacharya|publisher=Sri Mahant's Dévasthānam Press|page=72|quote=Vidyādhirāja Tirtha ( the sixth Pontiff) or sixth successor of Uttarādi Matha) and founder of Vyāsarāya Matha), and appointed Rajendra Tirtha, as first Pontiff of this Vyāsaraya Matha}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore Rural District| date=1989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jo4BAAAAMAAJ|
publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|page=142|quote=Matha at Abbur was later called Kundapur Vyasaraya Matha to distin-guish it from Sosale Vyasaraya Matha. During the period of the pontiff۴ Sri Rama Tirtha of the Matha, the Matha was branched into two, the Sosale Vyasaraya Matha of Lakshmi Kantha Tirtha and Vyasaraya Matha at Abbur of Sridhara Tirtha. }}</ref>

Vyasaraja Matha got split into [[Vyasaraja Math (Sosale)]] and Vyasaraja Math (Kundapura) after Rama Tirtha. Lakshmikantha Tirtha and Sridhara Tirtha were disciples of Rama Tirtha. Lakshmikantha Tirtha continued in the lineage of Vyasaraja Math (Sosale) and Sridhara Tirtha continued in the lineage of Vyasaraja Math (Kundapura).<ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore Rural District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jo4BAAAAMAAJ|
publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|page=142|quote=Matha at Abbur was later called Kundapur Vyasaraya Matha to distin-guish it from Sosale Vyasaraya Matha. During the period of the pontiff Sri Rama Tirtha of the Matha, the Matha was branched into two, the Sosale Vyasaraya Matha of Lakshmi Kantha Tirtha and Vyasaraya Matha at Abbur of Sridhara Tirtha. }}</ref>

==Guru Parampara==
# Śrī [[Madhvacharya]]
# Śrī [[Padmanabha Tirtha]]
# Śrī [[Naraharitirtha]]
# Śrī [[Madhava Tirtha]]
# Śrī [[Akshobhya Tirtha]]
# Śrī [[Jayatirtha]]
# Śrī [[Vidyadhiraja Tirtha]]
# '''Śrī Rajendra Tīrtha'''
# Śrī Jayadwaja Tīrtha
# Śrī Purushothama Tīrtha
# Śrī Bramhanya Tīrtha
# Śrī [[Vyasatirtha|Śrī Vyasa Tīrtha]] (or Sri Chandrikacharya)
# Śrī Srinivasa Tīrtha
# Śrī Rama Tīrtha
# '''Śrī Sridhara Tīrtha'''
# Śrī Raghupathi Tīrtha
# Śrī Hayagreeva Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmipathi Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshminarayana Tīrtha
# Śrī Raghunatha Tīrtha
# Śrī Ramachandra Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmimanohara Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmidhara Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmivallabha Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshminatha Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmiramana Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmikantha Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshminivasa Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmivara Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmipriya Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmiprasanna Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmimanogna Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmeesa Tīrtha 1939-1992
# Śrī Lakshmeendra Tīrtha
# Śrī Lakshmeendra Tīrtha (Present Pontiff)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|13.6189|74.6895|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Vedanta]]
[[Category:Hindu monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Madhva mathas]]
[[Category:Mathatraya]]

Rati

2026-02-22T05:06:34Z

ArryArrd: updated page

{{Short description|Hindu goddess of love, lust and pleasure}}
{{About|the Hindu goddess of love|the Indonesian lunar goddess|Dewi Ratih}}
{{other uses|Rati (given name)|Rati (Norse mythology)}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Rati sculpture at the group of monuments at Belur, Hassan, Karnataka, India (2009) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sculpture of Rati on a temple wall of [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakesava Temple]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
| name = Rati
| Devanagari = रति
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Rati
| affiliation = [[Devi]]
| god_of = Goddess of Sexual Pleasure, Lust and Passion
| abode = [[Kamaloka]]
| children = Harsha & Yasha (sons)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61937/61937-h/61937-h.htm|title=A Prose English Translation of Harivamsha|author1=Manmatha Nath Dutt|year=2020}}</ref>
| weapon = Sword
| parents = [[Daksha]]
| consort = [[Kamadeva]]
| mount = Parrot
| Greek_equivalent = [[Aphrodite]]
| Roman_equivalent = [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]
| equivalent4_type = Egyptian
}}
'''Rati''' ({{langx|sa|रति}}, {{IAST|Rati}}) is the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Devi|goddess]] of [[List of love and lust deities|love, carnal desire, lust, passion, and sexual pleasure]].<ref name="swami"/><ref name="wendy"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Patricia Turner and estate of Charles Russell Coulter|title=Dictionary of ancient deities|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press US|isbn=0-19-514504-6|pages=258, 400}}</ref><ref name = "K253ff"/> Usually described as the daughter of ''[[Prajapati]]'' [[Daksha]], Rati is the female counterpart, the chief consort and the assistant of [[Kamadeva|Kama]] (Kamadeva), the god of love. A constant companion of Kama, she is often depicted with him in legend and temple sculpture. She also enjoys worship along with Kama.

The Hindu scriptures stress Rati's beauty and sensuality. They depict her as a maiden who has the power to enchant the God of Love. When the deity [[Shiva]] burns her husband to ashes, it is Rati, whose beseeching or penance, leads to the promise of Kama's resurrection. Often, this resurrection occurs when Kama is reborn as [[Pradyumna]], the son of [[Krishna]] and [[Rukmini]]. Rati – under the name of [[Mayavati]] – plays a critical role in the upbringing of Pradyumna, who is separated from his parents at birth. She acts as his nanny, as well as his lover, and tells him the way to return to his parents by slaying the demon-king, who is destined to die at his hands. Later, Kama-Pradyumna accepts Rati-Mayavati as his wife.

==Etymology==
The name of the goddess Rati comes from the Sanskrit root ''{{IAST|ram}}'', meaning "enjoy" or "delight in." Although the verb root generally refers to any sort of enjoyment, it usually carries connotations of physical and sensual enjoyment. Etymologically, the word ''{{IAST|rati}}'' refers to anything that can be enjoyed; but, it is almost always used to refer to sexual love.<ref>{{Harv|Monier-Williams|2008|p=867}}</ref>

==Legend==

=== Birth and marriage ===
[[File:Rati on composite horse.jpg|thumb|left|Rati on a composite horse]]
The ''[[Kalika Purana]]'' narrates the following tale about Rati's birth. After the creation of the 10 ''[[Prajapati|Prajapatis]]'', [[Brahma]] – the creator-god – creates Kama (Kamadeva), the god of love, from his mind. Kama is ordered to spread love in the world by shooting his flower-arrows. ''Prajapati'' [[Daksha]] is requested to present a wife to Kama. Kama first uses his arrows against Brahma and the ''Prajapatis'', who are all incestuously attracted to Brahma's daughter Sandhya ("Twilight-dawn/dusk"). The god [[Shiva]], gets enraged by the heinous act of Brahma and shows his condemnation. Embarrassed, Brahma and the ''Prajapatis'' tremble and perspire. From the sweat of Daksha rises a beautiful woman named Rati, who Daksha presents to Kama as his wife. At the same time, the agitated Brahma curses Kama to be burnt to ashes by Shiva in the future. However, on Kama's pleading, Brahma assures him that he would be reborn.<ref name = "Mani">''Rati'': Mani pp. 644–5</ref> The ''[[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]]'' narrates that Sandhya committed suicide, after Brahma lusts for her. The god [[Vishnu]] resurrects her and names her Rati, and marries her to Kama. The ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' mentions that after her suicide, Sandhya is reborn from the sweat of Daksha as Rati.<ref name = "K253ff">Kramrisch pp. 253–4</ref> In some texts, Shiva is described as the father of Rati.<ref name="suresh"/>

The ''[[Harivamsa]]'', an appendix to the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', mentions that Kama and Rati have two children, Harsha ("Joy") and Yashas ("Grace"). However, the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' mentions that Rati, as ''Nandi'', only has one son – Harsha.<ref name = "H165">Hopkins p. 165</ref> The epics ''Mahabharata'' as well as the ''[[Ramayana]]'', also attest to Rati being the consort of Kama.<ref>Hopkins p. 199</ref>

{{clear}}

=== Mayavati ===
{{redirect|Mayavati|the Uttar Pradesh politician|Mayawati}}
The demon [[Tarakasura]] had created havoc in the universe, and only the son of god [[Shiva]] could slay him, but Shiva had turned to ascetic ways after the death of his first wife, [[Dakshayani|Sati]]. Kama was thus instructed by the gods to make Shiva fall in love again. Kama went to [[Mount Kailash]] with Rati and Madhu or Vasanta ("Spring"), and shot his love-arrows at Shiva (in another version of the legend, Kama entered Shiva's mind) and invoked desire. Wounded by Kama's arrows, Shiva becomes attracted to [[Parvati]], the reincarnation of Sati, but agitated, burns Kama by a glance of his third eye.<ref name = "wilkins">{{cite book|last= W.J. Wilkins|title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hmvp/hmvp32.htm|year=1900|publisher=Sacred Texts Archive|chapter=Kamadeva|isbn= 1-4021-9308-4}}</ref><ref name = "Kama">''Kama'': Mani pp. 378–9</ref><ref name = "B41"/>

[[File:Pradyuman.jpg|thumb|left|Kama as Pradyumna with Rati as Mayavati, return to [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]]]]
The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' narrates further that the grief-stricken Rati goes mad by Kama's death<ref name = "wilkins"/> and in the ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' and the ''[[Padma Purana]]'' versions, she smears herself with her husband's ashes.<ref name = "B41"/> Further in ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', Rati undergoes severe penance and pleads with Parvati to intercede with Shiva to restore her husband. Parvati reassures her that Kama would be reborn as [[Pradyumna]], the son of [[Krishna]], the [[avatar]] of the god [[Vishnu]] on earth, and Rati should wait for him in the demon ([[asura]]) Sambara's house.<ref name = "wilkins"/> In other versions of the narrative like the ''Matsya Purana'', the ''Padma Purana'', the ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', the ''[[Linga Purana]]'' and the ''[[Kathasaritsagara]]'', it is Shiva who blesses Rati with the boon of Kama's resurrection.<ref name = "Kama"/><ref name = "B41">Benton p. 41</ref><ref>Benton p. 66</ref>

In other variants, she curses the gods who sent Kama for this doomed mission and the gods, as a group or Brahma, seeks relief for the grieving Rati from Shiva or [[Mahadevi|the Supreme Goddess]], Parvati being one of her many manifestations. In some legends, like the one in the ''[[Brahmanda Purana]]'', the Goddess revives Kama immediately, hearing the pleading of the wailing Rati and the gods.<ref>Benton pp. 52, 61</ref> The renowned Sanskrit poet [[Kalidasa]] dedicates canto IV discussing the plight of Rati in his ''[[Kumarasambhava]]'', which focuses on the story of the wedding of Shiva and Parvati and the birth of their son [[Kartikeya]], who kills Tarakasura. Canto IV narrates that Rati witnesses the death of her husband and laments his death, and then tries to immolate herself on a funeral pyre. A heavenly voice stops her on time, stating that after the marriage of Shiva, he will revive her husband.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kale |first1=M R|last2=Kālidāsa|title=Kumārasambhava of Kālidāsa|edition=7|date=1999 |orig-year=1923|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-0161-X|page=xxiv }} See also the English translation and Sanskrit original of canto IV</ref>

The ''Kedara Khanda'' chapter of the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' presents a very different version. In this version, after the burning of Kama, Parvati is worried that she could not achieve Shiva in absence of Kama. Parvati is consoled by Rati, who asserts that she will revive Kama and starts severe austerities to achieve her goal. Once, the divine sage [[Narada]] asks her "whose she was". Agitated, Rati insults Narada. The spiteful Narada provokes the demon Sambara to kidnap Rati. Sambara takes her to his house, but is unable to touch her as the goddess decreed that he would be reduced to ashes if he touches her. There, Rati becomes the "kitchen in-charge" and is known as Mayavati ("mistress of illusion – ''[[Maya (Hinduism)|Maya]]''").<ref name="wendy"/>

[[File:Kama sur le temple de Parshvanath (Khajuraho) (8638392628).jpg|thumb|Sculpture of Kama and Rati at [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments|Khajuraho]]]]

The ''Bhagavata Purana'' and the ''Kathasaritsagara'' continue, that on advice of Shiva, Rati assumes the form of Sambara's kitchen-maid Mayavati and awaits her husband's arrival in Sambara's house. Sambara is foretold that the reborn Kama would be his destroyer. Sambara finds out that Kama was born as Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and his chief wife, [[Rukmini]]. He steals the child and throws him in the ocean, where the child is swallowed by a fish. This fish is caught by fishermen and sent to Sambara's kitchen. When the fish is cut, the child is found by Mayavati, who decides to nurture him. The divine sage [[Narada]] reveals to Mayavati that she was Rati and the child was Kama, and that she was to rear him. As the child grew up, the motherly love of Mayavati changes to the passionate love of a wife. The reborn Kama resents her advances, as he considers her his mother. Mayavati tells him the secret of their previous births as narrated by Narada and that he was not her son, but that of Krishna and Rukmini. Mayavati trains Pradyumna in magic and war and advises him to kill Sambara. Pradyumna defeats Sambara and slays him. He returns to [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], Krishna's capital with Mayavati as his wife, where they are welcomed.<ref name = "wilkins"/>

The ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' and the ''[[Harivamsa]]'' also have a similar account, though the reincarnation of Rati is called Mayadevi and described as Sambara's wife, rather than his maid. Both these scriptures safeguard her chastity saying that Rati donned an illusionary form to enchant Sambara. The ''[[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]]'' explicitly states that Rati does not sleep with Sambara, but gave him the illusionary form of Mayavati.<ref name = "wilkins"/><ref>Hopkins p. 214</ref><ref name = "B71ff">Benton pp. 71–3</ref> Rati-Mayavati takes a critical role in all narratives of this story where she seduces – by her ''Maya'' – both Sambara and Kama-Pradyumna, her "son" who she convinces to be her lover. All texts at the end stress on her purity, untouched by another man.<ref name = "B71ff"/>

The ''Harivamsa'' describes [[Aniruddha]], the son of Pradyumna, as "the son of Rati".<ref>Hopkins p. 164</ref>

==Associations, worship, and iconography ==
[[File:Rati devi.JPG|left|thumb|upright|A stone Rati sculpture on a temple pillar, opposite the pillar with Kama. Seated on a parrot, Rati is holding a sugarcane bow. Shikakirisvara Temple, Kudumiyanmalai]]
The name ''Rati'' in Sanskrit means "the pleasure of love, sexual passion or union, amorous enjoyment", all of which Rati personifies.<ref name = "name">{{cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0867-randhrAnusArin.jpg|title=p. 867: Rati|last=Monier Williams|author-link=Monier Williams|year=2008|work=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|access-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> Rati also indicates the female-seed.<ref name="wendy1">{{cite book|last=Doniger O'Flaherty|first=Wendy |title=Women, androgynes, and other mythical beasts|year=1980|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-61850-1|pages=39, 103}}</ref> The word ''Rati'' also gives rise to other love-related Sanskrit words like ''Kama-rati'' ("a man stupefied by desire"), ''rati-karman'' ("sexual intercourse"), ''rati-laksha'' ("sexual intercourse"), ''rati-bhoga'' ("sexual enjoyment"), ''rati-shakti'' ("virile power"), ''rati-jna'' ("skilled in the art of love"), and ''rati-yuddha'' ("a sex-battle").<ref name = "H165"/><ref name = "name"/><ref name="wendy1"/> The word ''Rati'' also appears in title of the Sanskrit erotic work ''[[Ratirahasya|Rati-Rahasya]]'' ("secrets of Rati") – which is said to contain the sexual secrets of the goddess – as well as in the Sanskrit names of many sex techniques and positions like ''Rati-pasha'' ("the noose of Rati"), a [[sex position]] in which the woman locks her legs behind her lover's back.<ref name="swami">{{cite book|last=Swami Ram Charran|title=The Vedic Sexual Code: Enjoy a Complete and Fulfilling Relationship With Your Lover|year=2007|publisher=AuthorHouse|pages=151, 209}}</ref><ref name = "name"/>

Rati stands for sexual pleasure, carnal desire and sexuality.<ref name = "B29"/> Rati represents only the pleasure aspect of sexual activity and does not relate to child-birth or motherhood.<ref name = "B32">Benton p. 32</ref> Professor Catherine Benton of the [[Lake Forest College]] (Department of Religion) relates her birth from the "desire-ridden" sweat to bodily fluids produced during sexual intercourse, which are considered impure in Hinduism. Her association with Kama – the auspicious god of love – grants her the status of an auspicious goddess. Rati and Kama are often pictured on temple walls as "welcome sculptures", symbols of good fortune and prosperity.<ref name = "B29">Benton p. 29</ref> Not only is Rati Kama's consort, but she is also his assistant and constant companion, who arouses sexual feelings. Kama is usually depicted with Rati along his side.<ref name = "B29ff"/> Rati is also included as a minor character in any drama involving Kama.<ref name = "B32"/> Rati also enjoys worship with Kama in some festival rites dedicated to him.<ref>Benton pp. 94, 101</ref>

The ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' mentions that Kama himself was pierced by his love-arrows when he saw his "auspicious wife", Rati.<ref name = "B29ff">Benton pp. 29–31</ref> Rati, as well as her husband Kama, ride a parrot as their ''[[vahana]]'' (vehicle).<ref name="wendy">{{cite book|last=Dongier|first=Wendy|author-link=Wendy Doniger|title=Purāṇa perennis: reciprocity and transformation in Hindu and Jaina texts|isbn=0-7914-1382-9|year=1993|publisher=SUNY Press|pages=52, 75}}</ref> Rati is often depicted with a sword.<ref name="suresh">{{cite book|last=Chandra|first= Suresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu gods and goddesses|edition=2|year=2001|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=81-7625-039-2|page=273}}</ref>

In [[Tantra]], the [[Mahavidya]] goddess [[Chhinnamasta]] is depicted severing her own head and standing on the copulating couple of Kama and Rati, with the latter on top, ([[Woman on top (sex position)|''viparita-rati'' sex position]]). The woman-on-top position suggests female dominance over male. Chhinnamasta standing on a copulating couple of Kama and Rati is interpreted by some as a symbol of self-control of sexual desire, while others interpret it as the goddess, being an embodiment of sexual energy. Images of Chhinnamasta depicted sitting on Kamadeva-Rati in a non-suppressive fashion are associated with the latter interpretation. The love-deity couple also symbolize [[maithuna]], ritual sexual union.<ref>Benton pp. 125–6</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinsley|first=David R.|title=Tantric visions of the divine feminine: the ten mahāvidyās|publisher=University of California Press.|year=1997|isbn=978-0-520-20499-7|pages = 154–7}}</ref>
[[File:Statue of Rati.jpg|thumb|Statue of Rati, [[Koodal Azhagar temple|Koodal Alagar Temple]], Madurai]]
'''Worship'''

* Kameshwara Temple, in [[Aragalur]]. The [[Purana#Sthala Puranas|Sthala purana]] indicates that Kamadeva woke up [[Shiva]] at this place.
* Kameshvara Temple, in [[Vraja|Kamyavan]], one of the twelve forests of [[Vrindavana]].
* Soundaraja Perumal Temple at [[Thadikombu]], near Dindigul, Tamil Nadu. Separate shrine for Kamdev and Rati.
* Harsat-Mata Temple at [[Abhaneri]] has representation of Kamadeva.

==Outside Indian subcontinent==
===Indonesia===
[[File:2 painted wayang puppets.jpg|thumb|Kamaratih and Bathara Kamajaya [[wayang]] (puppetry) in [[Indonesian culture]]]]
In the [[Indonesia]]n version, Rati ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Kamaratih'' ) is the daughter of Bathara Soma, the son of Sanghyang Pancaresi, the descendant of Sanghyang Wening, the younger brother of Sanghyang Wenang. Kamaratih is married to [[Kamadeva|Bathara Kamajaya]], the ninth son of Sanghyang Ismaya and Dewi Senggani. He resides in Kahyangan Cakrakembang.

Kamaratih has a very beautiful face, has charm and character, is very loyal, loving, generous, kind, patient, and devoted to her husband. She, together with her husband, [[Kamadeva|Bathara Kamajaya]], is a symbol of husband-wife harmony in the universe, because of their harmony and love for one another.

Kamaratih was once assigned by Sanghyang Manikmaya to send Wahyu Hidayat to Dewi Utari, the youngest son of Prabu Matswapati, the king of Wirata and his consort, Dewi Ni Yutisnawati/Setyawati. Wahyu Hidayat was revealed as the pair of Wahyu Cakraningrat who was passed down by Bathara Kamajaya to Raden Abhimanyu/Angkawijaya, son of [[Arjuna]] and Dewi Sumbadra.<ref>{{citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYN3DQAAQBAJ| author= Sunardi I.D.M.| title= Arjuna krama| date= January 1988| publisher= PT Balai Pustaka (Persero)| isbn= 9789794071427}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Hopkins |first=Edward Washburn|author-link=Edward Washburn Hopkins|title=Epic mythology |url=https://archive.org/stream/epicmythology00hopkuoft#page/n169/mode/2up/search/Rati|year=1915|publisher=Strassburg K.J. Trübner|isbn=0-8426-0560-6}}
* {{cite book|author = Mani, Vettam|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|publisher = Motilal Banarsidass|year = 1975|location = Delhi|isbn = 0-8426-0822-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Benton|first=Catherine |title=God of desire: tales of Kamadeva in Sanskrit story literature|year=2006|publisher=State University of New York|isbn=0-7914-6565-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Kramrisch|first=Stella|title=The Presence of Siva|series=Mythos|date=1992|orig-year=1898|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-01930-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/presenceofsivamy00skra}}
* {{cite book | last = Monier-Williams | first = Monier | title = Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary | author-link = Monier Monier-Williams  | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1899 | publisher = Universität zu Köln }}

{{Commons category|Rati Devī}}

{{HinduMythology}}
{{good article}}

[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Love and lust goddesses]]
[[Category:Daughters of Daksha]]

Rita Koiral

2026-02-10T20:59:38Z

ArryArrd: formatting fix

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rita Koiral
| image =
| alt = Rita Kayral
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1959|07|03}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date = {{Death date |2017|11|19}} (aged 58)
| death_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| relatives = [[Jahar Ganguly]] (maternal grandfather)
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Rita Koiral''' or '''Rita Kayral''' (3 July 1959 – 19 November 2017) was an [[West Bengal|Indian Bengali]] actress, known for her television and [[Cinema of West Bengal|film]] roles.<ref name="ent">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/actor-rita-koiral-passes-away-4944996/|title=Actor Rita Koiral passes away|website=Indian Express|date=19 November 2017|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> She appeared in several [[soap opera]] roles, often as villains and often opposite [[Monami Ghosh]].<ref name="Tolly">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/-tollywood-mourns-for-rita-koiral/articleshow/61722980.cms|title=Tollywood mourns for Rita Koiral|author=Ruman Ganguly|website=The Times of India|date=20 November 2017|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Directors she worked with included [[Prabhat Roy]], [[Agnidev Chatterjee]] and [[Aparna Sen]]. She also acted in ''[[Jatra (theatre)|jatra]]'' (a form of folk theatre).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianewengland.com/2017/11/bengali-actress-rita-koiral-dead-58/|title=Bengali actress Rita Koiral dead at 58|website=India New England News|date=19 November 2017|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032529/http://indianewengland.com/2017/11/bengali-actress-rita-koiral-dead-58/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Koiral was born in [[Kolkata]], and was still living there at the time of her death. She obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] and an [[Master of Arts|MA]] in accountancy from [[Calcutta University]]. Later she joined Durdarshan Kendra Calcutta as its newsreader.

Her first marriage was with fellow Bengali actor [[Soumitra Banerjee]]. Famous actor [[Jahar Ganguly]] was her maternal grandfather. She was estranged from her second husband, by whom she had one daughter named Amrita.<ref name="Tolly"/> She also had one son who died at an early age.

==Career==
In [[Anupam Kher]]'s 2000 film ''[[Bariwali]]'', Rita Koiral provided the voice for another Indian actress, [[Kirron Kher]], the producer's wife, but she was not given the credit when Kher received a National Award for her role in the film. According to the rules, Kher should not have qualified for the award because the role was dubbed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/recognising-behind-the-voice-actors/article8457780.ece|title=Recognising 'behind the voice actors'|author=Radha Rajadhyaksha|website=The Hindu|date=10 April 2016|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Koiral claimed that Anupam Kher had offered her a share of the award money, but Kirron Kher denied that her part had been overdubbed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/20000904-dubbing-controversy-embroils-kiron-kher-national-award-for-best-actress-777948-2000-09-03|title=Dub and be damned|author=S. Kalidas|website=India Today|date=4 September 2000|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> Following Koiral's death, ''[[The Times of India]]'' claimed that she "nursed the wound of being denied her due credit" for the rest of her life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dengue-prevention-begins-with-respect-for-environment/articleshow/61724019.cms?|title=One of Rita Koiral's most significant works remains unacknowledged|author=Zinia Seni|website=The Times of India|date=20 November 2017|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

In addition to acting, Koiral ran a school of [[dance]].<ref name="Tolly"/> She continued to act after being diagnosed with [[liver cancer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bengali-actress-rita-koiral-dead-117111900688_1.html|title=Bengali actress Rita Koiral dead|website=Business Standard|date=19 November 2017|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> and died in hospital in [[Kolkata]], aged 58.<ref name="ent"/>

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
|-
|1995
|''[[Daughters of This Century]]''
|-
|1996<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbb4213cf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201090624/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbb4213cf|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2017|title=Rita Koiral|website=British Film Institute|access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>
|''[[Atmaja]]''
|-
| rowspan="4" |1999
|''[[Asukh]]''
|-
|''[[Gunda (1999 film)|Gunda]]''
|-
|''[[Jiban Niye Khela]]''
|-
|''[[Khelaghar]]''
|-
|2000
|''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]''
|-
|2005
|''[[Rajmohol]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
|''[[Bor Asbe Ekhuni]]''
|-
|''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar]]''
|-
|2011
|''[[Mon Bole Priya Priya]]''
|-
|2012
|''[[Dutta Vs Dutta]]''
|-
|2013
|''[[Ganesh Talkies]]''
|-
|2014
|''[[Window Connection]]''
|-
|
|''[[Boro Bou]]''
|}

==Television==
*''[[Rakhi Bandhan]]'' as Malina Chatterjee (later replaced by Chaitali Chakraborty)
*''Saat Paake Bandha'' as Charu
*''[[Ek Akasher Niche]]''(2000-2005) ([[Zee Bangla]])
*''[[Shyaola]]''
*''[[Kon Se Alor Swapno Niye]]''
*''[[Sholo Aana]]''
*''[[Binni Dhaner Khoi]]''
*''[[Sonar Horin]]''
*''[[Swade Ahladey]]''
*''[[Stree (TV series)|Stree]]'' as Sabitri Ghosh
*''Mouchaak'' as Paroma sen
*''[[Ishti Kutum]]'' as Kumudini
*''Janani'' as Supriya Devi's (Janani) second daughter, and Partha Mukhopadhyay's wife

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb name|1385810}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koiral, Rita}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

Raghunandana

2026-02-10T02:44:27Z

ArryArrd: Added A Post More To Come...

{{Short description|Sanskrit scholar from Bengal}}
{{Other uses|Raghunandan (disambiguation){{!}}Raghunandan}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raghunandana
| birth_date = c. 16th century CE
| birth_place = [[Nabadwip]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Raghunandan Bhattacharyya, Raghunandana Bhaṭṭācāryya
| occupation = Sanskrit writer
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Raghunandana''' (c. 16th century CE) was an Indian [[Sanskrit]] scholar from the [[Bengal]] region. His writings include 28 [[Smriti]] digests on [[Hindu law]] and a commentary on the Hindu law code prevalent in Bengal, the ''[[Dayabhaga]]''.<ref name="SCB_1989">{{cite book |author=Sures Chandra Banerji |title=A Companion to Sanskrit Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkOAEdIsdUsC&pg=PA77 |year=1989 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0063-2 |pages=76–77}}</ref>

== Life ==

Raghunandana was born at [[Nabadwip]] to a [[Bengali Brahmin]] named Harihara Bhattacharya. He was a pupil of Srinatha Acharya Chudamani.<ref name="SCB_1989"/> His writings mention the works of Brihaspati Rayamukuta, a contemporary of the [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengali sultan]] [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]] & [[Vidyaranya|Madhavacharya]] and are mentioned in the ''[[Viramitrodaya]]'' of Mitramisra (early 17th century). Thus, it can be inferred that Raghunandana lived around the 16th century CE.<ref name="SCB_1999">{{cite book |author=Sures Chandra Banerji |title=A Brief History of Dharmaśāstra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Urakx-uhGFkC&pg=PA45 |year=1999 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-370-0 |pages=45 }}</ref> Other earlier texts cited by him include the ''[[Nirṇayāmṛta]]''.<ref name="RGB">{{cite book |author=R. G. Bhandarkar |author-link=R. G. Bhandarkar |editor=Narayan Bapuji Utgikar |title=Collected Works Of Sir R.G. Bhandarkar |volume=II |year=1928 |publisher=[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.484746/page/n148/mode/1up |pages=143–144 }}</ref> Tradition has it that he was a junior contemporary of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] & a batch-mate of [[Navya-Nyaya]] scholar [[Raghunatha Siromani]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kane |first=Pandurang Vaman |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108435 |title=History Of Dharma Sastra Vol.1 Pt.2 |date=1975 |publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}</ref>

The various estimates of his lifespan include:<ref name="Ludo_2002"/>

* [[R. C. Hazra|Rajendra Chandra Hazra]]: 1520–1570
* Monmohan Chakravarti: born 1490 or 1500, literary activity during 1520–1575
* [[Pandurang Vaman Kane]]: 1510–1580

Bani Chakravarti wrote a book on him titled the ''Samaj-samskarak Raghunandan'' (Raghunandan, Culture Giver/Enhancer) in 1964 in the [[Bengali language]].<ref name="SCB_1989"/>

== Works ==

=== ''Astavimsati-tattva'' ===

Raghunandana authored 28 [[Smriti]] digests on civil law and rituals, collectively known as the ''Astavimsati-tattva''.<ref name="GRG_1992">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0U2QRpDv2KMC&pg=PA739 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |publisher=Concept Publishing |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-376-4 |editor=Ganga Ram Garg |page=739}}</ref> The English scholars compared Raghunandana's digests to the ''[[Comyns' Digest]]'', and called him the "[[John Comyns|Comyns]] of India".<ref name="Ludo_2002"/>

The titles of these digests end in the word ''[[tattva]]'' (literally "essence"). 27 of these works are mentioned at the beginning of the ''Malamasa-tattva''.<ref name="SCB_1999"/>

The 28 digests include:<ref name="GRG_1992"/><ref name="SCB_1999"/>

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
# ''Ahnika-tattva'' which deals with daily rites (like bathing, sandhyavandana etc)
# ''Chandoga-vrsotsarga-tattva'' which deals with performance of the rite of vrishotsarga (a Hindu rite in which a bull stamped with the marks of trishula is let loose in the name of a deceased person with the aim of the dead obtaining salvation) by brahmins following the Samaveda (the Veda followed by most Bengali brahmins)
# ''[[Dāya-Tattva|Daya-tattva]]'' which deals with laws of inheritance & property division, based on the Dayabhaga
# ''Deva-pratishtha-tattva'' which deals with the rite of consecrating idols for worship
# ''Diksha-tattva'' which deals with the rites of diksha
# ''Divya-tattva'' which deals with various [[trials by ordeal]]
# ''Durgotsava-tattva'' which deals with the rite of [[Durga Puja]]
# ''Ekadashi-tattva'' which deals with the rules & regulations related to ekadashi
# ''Janmashtami-tattva'' which deals with the rite of [[Janmashtami]]
# ''Jyotisha-tattva'' which deals with timekeeping & determining the right time for performance of rituals
# ''Krtya-tattva'' which deals with the rites to be observed throughout the year
# ''Malamasa-tattva'' (or ''Malimluca-tattva'') which deals the rules & regulations related to [[adhika-masa]]
# ''Matha-pratishtha-tattva'' which deals with the rite of consecrating temples
# ''Prayashchitta-tattva'' which deals with various expiatory rites
# ''Purushottama-kshetra-tattva'' which deals with special rites to be performed while on a pilgrimage to Puri & Bhubaneswar
# ''Rg-vrsotsarga-tattva'' which deals with the performance of the rite of vrishotsarga by brahmins following the Rigveda
# ''Sama-shraddha-tattva'' which deals with the performance of the rite of shraddha by brahmins following the Samaveda
# ''Samskara-tattva'' which deals with the rites of passage
# ''Shuddhi-tattva'' which deals with the rites of penitence
# ''Sudra-krtya-tattva'' which deals with the rights & privileges of shudras
# ''Taddga-bhavanotsarga-tattva'' which deals with the rite of consecrating waterbodies
# ''Tithi-tattva'' which deals with rites to be performed at specific tithis
# ''Vastuyaga-tattva'' which deals with the rite of vastuyajna
# ''Vivaha-tattva'' (or ''Udvaha-tattva'') which deals with rules & regulations related to marriage
# ''Vrata-tattva'' which deals with performance of vratas
# ''Vyavahara-tattva'' which deals with judicial procedure
# ''Yajuh-shraddha-tattva'' which deals with the performance of the rite of shraddha by brahmins following the Shukla-Yajurveda
# ''Yajur-vrsotsarga-tattva'' which deals with the performance of the rite of vrishotsarga by brahmins following the Shukla-Yajurved
}}

The ''Chandoga-vrsotsarga-tattva'', ''Rgvrsotsarga-tattva'' and ''Yajur-vrsotsarga-tattva'' are collectively known as the ''Vrsotsarga-tattva''. The ''Deva-pratishtha-tattva'' and ''Matha-pratishtha-tattva'' are collectively known as the ''Pratishtha-tattva''.<ref name="SCB_1999"/>

=== Commentary on ''Dayabhaga'' ===

Raghunandana's ''Dayabhaga-tika'', also known as the ''Dayabhaga-vyakhya[na]'', is a commentary on [[Jimutavahana]]'s Hindu law treatise, the ''[[Dayabhaga]]''. During the [[British Raj]], when [[Hindu law]] was used in the courts, the [[Calcutta High Court]] termed Raghunandana's ''Dayabhaga-tika'' as the best commentary on the ''Dayabhaga''.<ref name="GRG_1992"/> [[William Jones (philologist)|William Jones]], a [[puisne judge]] at the [[Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William]], mentioned that the local Hindu scholars often referred to Jimutavahana's treatise, but it was Raghunandana's work that was "more generally approved" in Bengal.<ref name="Ludo_2002">{{cite book |author=Ludo Rocher |author-link=Ludo Rocher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfA7OQtxYM0C&pg=PA16 |title=Jimutavahana's Dayabhaga: The Hindu Law of Inheritance in Bengal |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-803160-4 |page=16}}</ref>

The commentary quotes several other scholars and works, including [[Medhatithi]], Kulluka Bhatta, the ''[[Mitakshara]]'', the ''Vivada-Ratnakara'' of [[Caṇḍeśvara Ṭhakkura|Chandeshvara Thakura]], Shulapani and the ''Vivada-Chintamani'' of [[Vachaspati Mishra]] (often critically).<ref name="Ludo_2002"/>

There have been some doubts about the authorship of this commentary. Both [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]] (1810) and [[Julius Eggeling]] (1891) suspected that it was not authored by the writer of the ''Divya-tattva'' (that is, Raghunandana). However, Monmohan Chakravarti (1915) and Rajendra Chandra Hazra (1950) both attribute the work to Raghunandana. Pandurang Vaman Kane also ascribes the commentary to him, but not without hesitation.<ref name="Ludo_2002"/>

=== Other works ===

His other works include:<ref name="SCB_1999"/>

* ''Gaya-shraddha paddhati'' which discusses special rites of shraddha to be performed while visiting [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]]
* ''Graha-yaga-tattva'' (or ''Graha-pramana-tattva'') which discusses the rite of grahayajna (a special yajna performed to appease the [[Navagraha|9 planets]])
* ''Tirtha-yatra-tattva'' (or ''Tirtha-tattva'') which discusses the procedure & rites related to pilgrimage
* ''Tripuskara-santi-tattva'' which discusses rites of pacification to be performed at a specific Hindu astronomical moment called Tripuskara-yoga
* ''Dvadasa-yatra-tattva'' (or ''Yatra-tattva'') which discusses the observance of 12 special festivals performed in Puri
* ''Rasa-yatra tattva'' (or ''Rasa-yatra paddhati'') which discusses the rite of observing Rasa-purnima (a festival observed by Hindus in Bengal, [[Hinduism in Odisha|Odisha]] & [[Meitei Hindus|Manipur]] on [[Kartika Purnima|Kartika purnima]] commemorating the [[Raslila]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sanskrit scholars from Bengal]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindus]]

2024 Gujarat Titans season

2026-01-23T18:09:31Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|2024 Indian Premier League cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = {{IPL Teams 1|gt }}
| season = [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]]
| coach = [[Ashish Nehra]]
| captain = [[Shubman Gill]]
| ground = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| comp1 = [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|IPL League]]
| comp1 result = Finished at 8th place
| most runs = [[Sai Sudharsan]] (527)
| most wickets = [[Mohit Sharma]] (13)
| most catches = [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)|Shahrukh Khan]] (6)
| most dismissals = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] (7)
| prevseason = [[2023 {{IPL Teams 1|gt }} season|2023]]
| nextseason = [[2025 {{IPL Teams 1|gt }} season|2025]]
}}
{{2024 Indian Premier League Teams}}

The [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]] was the 3rd season for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[{{IPL Teams 1|gt }}]]. They were one of the ten teams competed in the [[2024 Indian Premier League]]. The Gujarat Titans were the runners-up in [[2023 Indian Premier League|previous season]] after losing the rain-affected [[2023 Indian Premier League final]] to [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GT vs CSK Cricket Scorecard, Final at Ahmedabad, May 28 – 29, 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-1370353/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref> The Gujarat Titans drew an average home attendance of 62,541 in the 2024 edition of the Indian Premier League.

Ahead of the 2024 season, [[Shubman Gill]] was appointed as the captain after [[Hardik Pandya]] was traded to [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=GUJARAT TITANS ANNOUNCES SHUBMAN GILL AS CAPTAIN |url=https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/news/gujarat-titans-announces-shubman-gill-as-captain |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Gujarat Titans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-26 |title=Hardik returns to MI, Cameron Green moves to RCB |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/128615/hardik-returns-to-mi-cameron-green-moves-to-rcb |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref> After 7 losses and an abandoned match on [[2024 Indian Premier League#match63|13 May 2024]], Gujarat was eliminated from the [[2024 Indian Premier League]] for the first time since their debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GT vs KKR Cricket Scorecard, 63rd Match at Ahmedabad, May 13, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/gujarat-titans-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-63rd-match-1426301/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=IPL 2024 points table update: KKR book place in Qualifier 1, GT out of playoffs race after rain abandons their match |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2024-points-table-kkr-gt-qualifier-1-playoffs-9326557/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> They finished the [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]] at the 8th place with 5 wins and 7 losses, garnering 12 points.<ref name=pts/>

==Squad==
<section begin=squad/>
* Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Titans Squad – Indian Premier League, 2024 Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/gujarat-titans-squad-1413572/series-squads |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who was unavailable for rest of the season.

{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:85%"
! colspan="9" style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|gt }}"|[[{{IPL Teams 1|gt }}|{{IPL Teams 1|gt }}]] squad for the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 Indian Premier League]]
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nat
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Signed year
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Captain
|-
| 7 || '''[[Shubman Gill]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}}||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 22 || '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cricon|NZ}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1990|08|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 10 || '''[[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]''' || {{cricon|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1989|06|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 18 || [[Abhinav Manohar]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1994|9|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c}} ||
|-
| 23 || '''[[Sai Sudharsan]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2001|10|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 6 || '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} ||
|-
| 13 || '''[[Matthew Wade]]''' || {{cricon|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1987|12|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
| {{n/a}} || Robin Minz || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|9|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.6|c}} || Withdrawn{{Efn|name=Minz|[[BR Sharath]] replaced Robin Minz, after the latter withdrew due to Injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3998/gujarat-titans-add-b-r-sharath-to-squad-as-replacement-for-robin-minz-tanush-kotian-joins-rajasthan-royals-in-place-of-adam-zampa|title=Gujarat Titans add BR Sharath to squad as replacement for Robin Minz|access-date=6 May 2024|work=[[Indian Premier League]]}}</ref>}}
|-
| 41 || [[BR Sharath]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|9|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Replacement{{Efn|name=Minz}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 9 || '''[[Azmatullah Omarzai]]''' || {{cricon|AFG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|03|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|Fast medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas
|-
| 46 || [[Rahul Tewatia]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|5|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} ||
|-
| 35 || [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)|Shahrukh Khan]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1995|5|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Off break]] ||style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.4|c}} ||
|-
| 59 || '''[[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|1|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.4|c}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace bowlers
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
| 11 || '''[[Mohammed Shami]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1990|9|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.25|c}} || Withdrawn{{Efn|name=shami|[[Sandeep Warrier]] replaced [[Mohammed Shami]], after the latter withdrew due to Achilles tendon surgery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mohammed-shami-set-to-miss-ipl-2024-after-undergoing-ankle-surgery-1422792 |title=GT's Mohammed Shami ruled out of IPL 2024 due to Ankle Surgery |access-date=6 May 2024|work=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]}}</ref>}}
|-
| 4 || [[Darshan Nalkande]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1998|10|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 82 || '''[[Josh Little]]''' || {{cricon|IRE}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|11|1|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 27 || '''[[Mohit Sharma]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1988|9|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 8 || [[Kartik Tyagi]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|11|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|Fast Medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|60|l}} ||
|-
| 37 || '''[[Umesh Yadav]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1987|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|Fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.80|c}} ||
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
| {{n/a}} || [[Sushant Mishra]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|12|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|Fast medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.20|c}} || Withdrawn{{Efn|name=Mishra|[[Gurnoor Brar]] replaced [[Sushant Mishra]], after the latter withdrew due to Injury.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Arfath Pasha |date=2024-05-11 |title=IPL 2024: Gujarat Titans sign Gurnoor Singh Brar as replacement for Sushant Mishra |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/ipl-2024-gujarat-titans-sign-gurnoor-singh-brar-as-replacement-for-sushant-mishra/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| 45 || '''[[Spencer Johnson (cricketer)|Spencer Johnson]]''' || {{cricon|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1995|12|16|df=y}}|| Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10.0|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 25 || '''[[Sandeep Warrier]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|4|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Replacement{{Efn|name=shami}}
|-
| {{n/a}} || [[Gurnoor Brar]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|5|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|Fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Replacement{{Efn|name=Mishra}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin bowlers
|-
| 19 || '''[[Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cricon|AFG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 60 || '''[[Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|11|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|-
| 16 || '''[[Jayant Yadav]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1990|1|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.7|c}} ||
|-
| 3 || [[Manav Suthar]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|08|03|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 99 || '''[[Noor Ahmad]]''' || {{cricon|AFG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2005|1|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm unorthodox|unorthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} || Overseas
|}<section end=squad/>

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|CEO|| Arvinder Singh
|-
|Team manager|| [[Satyajit Parab]]
|-
|Head coach|| [[Ashish Nehra]]
|-
|Batting coach|| [[Gary Kirsten]]
|-
|Bowling coach|| [[Aashish Kapoor]]
|-
|Fielding coach|| [[Narender Negi]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{center|Source: {{citation needed|date=May 2024}}}}
|}

== Sponsors ==
* '''Kit manufacturer''': EM
* '''Main shirt sponsor''': [[Dream11]]
* '''Back shirt sponsor''': [[Balkrishna Industries|BKT]]
* '''Chest branding''': Capri Loans

==League stage==

===Points table===
{{2024 Indian Premier League Points table|team={{IPL Teams 2|gt }}}}

===League progression===
{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression
|create
| W5, L7, W12, L17, L21, W24, L32, W37, L40, L45, L52, W59, N63, N66


| E


|caption=League progression
|teams={{IPL Teams 1|gt }}
|knockoutType=2
|matchesPerTeam=14
|matchReportArticle=2024 Indian Premier League}}

===Fixtures and results===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match5}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match7}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match12}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match17}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match21}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match24}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match32}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match37}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match40}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match45}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match52}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match59}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match63}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match66}}

==Statistics==
{{Hatnote|Top 5 tiers for each category are listed}}

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Runs
!Player
!{{Abbr|Inns|Innings}}
!{{Abbr|HS|Highest score}}
!{{Abbr|Ave|Average}}
!{{Abbr|SR|Strike rate}}
!{{Abbr|100s|Hundreds scored}}/{{Abbr|50s|Fiftys scored}}
!{{Abbr|4s|Fours hit}}
!{{Abbr|6s|Sixes hit}}
|-
!527
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Sai Sudharsan]]
|12
|103
|'''47.90'''
|141.28
|1/2
|48
|16
|-
!426
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Shubman Gill]]
|12
|104
|'''38.72'''
|147.40
|1/2
|37
|15
|-
!210
|{{cricon|RSA}} [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]
|9
|55
|'''35.00'''
|151.07
|0/1
|20
|8
|-
!188
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Rahul Tewatia]]
|9
|36[[Not out|*]]
|'''26.86'''
|145.73
|0/0
|24
|5
|-
!136
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Wriddhiman Saha]]
|9
|39
|'''15.11'''
|118.26
|0/0
|18
|3
|-
| colspan="9" |{{center|Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2024 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>}}
|}

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!{{Abbr|Wkts.|Wickets}}
!Player
!{{Abbr|Inns|Innings}}
!{{Abbr|Ov|Overs}}
!{{Abbr|Runs|Runs Conceded}}
!{{Abbr|BBI|Best Bowling Innings}}
!{{Abbr|Ave|Bowling Average}}
!{{Abbr|Econ|Economy}}
!{{Abbr|SR|Bowling Strike rate}}
!{{Abbr|4W|Four wicket hauls}}
!{{Abbr|5W|Five wicket hauls}}
|-
!13
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Mohit Sharma]]
|11
|39.0
|425
|3/25
|'''32.69'''
|10.89
|18.00
|0
|0
|-
!10
|{{cricon|AFG}} [[Rashid Khan]]
|12
|43.4
|367
|2/38
|'''36.70'''
|8.40
|26.20
|0
|0
|-
!8
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Umesh Yadav]]
|7
|21.0
|210
|2/22
|'''26.25'''
|10.00
|15.75
|0
|0
|-
!8
|{{cricon|AFG}} [[Noor Ahmad]]
|10
|34.5
|290
|2/20
|'''36.25'''
|8.32
|26.12
|0
|0
|-
!7
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Sai Kishore]]
|5
|15.0
|137
|4/33
|'''19.57'''
|9.13
|12.85
|1
|0
|-
| colspan="11" |{{center|Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2024 bowling most wickets career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>}}
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/gujarat-titans {{IPL Teams 1|gt }} on IPLT20 Website]

{{{{IPL Teams 1|gt }} }}
{{2024 Indian Premier League}}



[[Category:2024 Indian Premier League|{{IPL Teams 1|gt }}]]
[[Category:{{IPL Teams 1|gt }} seasons]]

Chichli village

2026-01-05T04:45:09Z

ArryArrd: added basic location added tags

{{orphan|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chichli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.544096631742363|N|76.73535314121847|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = BJP
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Ashish Sharma
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 455336
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07274
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-41
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''chichli''' is a village and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Dewas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Chichli Village is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In the [[2011 Census of India]] its population was reported as 585.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chichli(474314) |website=2011 Census Data |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=531504|accessdate=17 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= village name and Language |website=Linguistic Survey of India|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2138/1/38109_2001_DEW.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dewas district]]

{{Dewas-geo-stub}}

Gomati district

2026-01-02T17:38:42Z

ArryArrd: content update

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gomati district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Tripura|District of Tripura]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name = {{native_name|trp|Gomati Hangkor}}
| image_skyline = Tripura Sundari Temple, Udaipur.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tripureshwari (Tripura Sundari) Temple
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tripura
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tripura]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date|2012|01}}
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| area_total_km2 = 1522.8
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 4,41,538
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 100%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gomati.nic.in|title=Gomati district website}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://gomati.nic.in}}
}}
'''Gomati district''' is a [[Districts of Tripura|district]] of [[Tripura]], India. This district was created in January 2012 when four new districts were created in Tripura, taking the number of districts in the state from four to eight.<ref name="ibnlive divisions">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/four-new-districts-six-subdivisions-for-tripura/876579.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126032522/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/four-new-districts-six-subdivisions-for-tripura/876579.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=Four new districts, six subdivisions for Tripura|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=26 October 2011|access-date=10 April 2012}}</ref> [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]] is its headquarters.

The district is famous for its Mata Tripura Sundari Temple which is situated about 3 km away from Udaipur at Matabari. The temple is one of the 51 Mahapithasthans of India. The Gomati figures prominently in Tripura's native folklore, culture, religious rites and ritual so much so that Tripuri people perform posthumous rites.

==Geography==
Topographically, the Gomati district is marked by lush green and fertile Gomati valleys. The towering Debtamura hill range which straddles Udaipur and Amarpur subdivisions of the district with its exquisite sculptural works carved on panels of the hills.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gomati.nic.in|title=Gomati district website}}</ref>

There are 173 villages in this district. The whole district is served by 16 police stations. The only municipality in the district is [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]].

==Division==
There are three sub-divisions in Gomati district. They are [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur subdivision]], [[Amarpur, Tripura|Amarpur subdivision]] and Karbook subdivision.

There are eight blocks under Gomati District. They are Matabari, Tepania, Killa, Kakraban, Amarpur, Ompi,
Karbook and Silachhari<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gomati.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/|title = Gomati district subdivision and blocks}}</ref>

==Places of interest==
Places of Interest at Gomati district are as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gomati.nic.in/tourism/|title=Tourism in Gomati district}}</ref>

#'''[[Tripura Sundari Temple|Tripureshwari Mandir]]''' –This is the main attraction of the district. This temple was built on 1501 by Maharaja Dhanya Manikya.
#'''Bhuvaneswari Temple''' – The temple is situated besides the river Gomati and is located close to the old royal palace which lies in ruins today. The Bhuvaneswari Temple is dedicated to Goddess Bhuvaneswari and was built in the 17th century by Maharaja Govinda Manikya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/udaipur-tripura/attractions/bhuvaneswari-temple/|title=Bhuvaneswari temple}}</ref>
#'''Old Rajbari''' – The Ruins of Rajbari, When Udaipur was the capital of the state. Kabiguru [[Rabindranath Tagore]] Visited this place.
#'''Gunabati Temple''' – Commonly known as Gunabati Mandir Gucchha, it is a group of three temples. Stone inscription of one temple reveals that it was built in the name of Her Highness Maharani Gunabati (wife of Maharaja Govinda Manikya), in 1668 A.D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/udaipur/gunabati-group-of-temples.html|title=Gunabati temple}}</ref>
#'''Chobimura''' – Rock-carved images of Devi Durga and other deities are present here on the bank of River Gomati.
#'''Tepania eco-park''' – This park is situated by the side of NH-8. This place has lush green forest and a tree house which are maintained very carefully.
#'''Tirthmukh''' — Another pilgrimage centre, located in this district in [[Amarpur, Tripura|Amarpur]] Sub Division.

== Transport==
===Roadway===
[[National Highway 8 (India)|National Highway 8]] ('''NH 8'''), running from [[Karimganj]] in Assam to [[Sabroom]] in Tripura, passes through this district.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204094735/https://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=4 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Railway===
[[Lumding–Sabroom section|Lumding–Sabroom]] line of [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]] passes through Sipahijala district. The segment from [[Agartala]] to [[Sabroom]] via Udaipur may become operational in 2016.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/first-commercial-broad-guage-freight-train-arrives-in-tripura-1280080?site=full First Commercial Broad Gauge Freight Train Arrives In Tripura]</ref><ref>[http://www.tripurainfo.com/info/ArchiveDet.aspx?WhatId=16856 BG railhead reaches Udaipur amid cheers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321072648/http://www.tripurainfo.com/info/ArchiveDet.aspx?WhatId=16856 |date=2016-03-21 }}</ref>
There are two stations in the district,
namely [[Udaipur Tripura railway station]] and Garjee railway station, providing connectivity to Tripura capital [[Agartala]] and Assam and other major cities of the state like [[Dharmanagar]], [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]] and [[Belonia, India|Belonia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com|title=Indian Rail Info}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The district received the prestigious [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]'s Award for Excellence in Public Administration for the year 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-21 |title=Tripura's Gomati district awarded for excellent public administration |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/tripura/story/tripuras-gomati-district-awarded-for-excellent-public-administration-1202110-2025-04-21 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Tripura Sundari Temple in Udaipur, Tripura - statue 2018-03-25 -2.jpg|Goddess Tripura Sundari
File:Kalyan Sagar.JPG|Kalyan sagar
File:Udaipur Railway station of Tripura state.jpg|Udaipur railway station
File:Tripura Sundari Temple.JPG|Tripura Sundari temple
File:Bhubaneswari Temple .Rajnagar,Udaipur.South Tripura.jpg|Bhubaneswari Temple, Rajnagar, Udaipur
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{official website|https://gomati.nic.in/}}

{{Tripura topics}}

{{coord|23.56|N|91.62|E|type:adm3rd_region:IN-TR_dim:50000|display=title}}

[[Category:Gomati district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tripura]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 2012]]

Rhacophorus calcadensis

2025-12-18T04:10:14Z

ArryArrd: Added New Article From Scratch

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rhacophorus calcadensis.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Biju, S.D. | author2 = Dasaramji Buddhe, G. | author3 = Dutta, S. | author4 = Vasudevan, K. | author5 = Srinivasulu, C. | author6 = Vijayakumar, S.P. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Rhacophorus calcadensis'' | year = 2004 | errata=2016 | article-number = e.T58983A86241030 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58983A11854267.en}}</ref>
| genus = Rhacophorus
| species = calcadensis
| authority = [[Ernst Ahl|Ahl]], 1927
| synonyms = ''Rhacophorus beddomii'' Boulenger, 1882
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Rhacophorus calcadensis''''', also known as the '''Kalakad gliding frog''',<ref name="India Biodiversity Portal"/> '''Kalakkad tree frog''',<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/><ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013"/> and '''Langbian flying frog''',<ref name=Frost/><ref name="India Biodiversity Portal"/> is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the southern [[Western Ghats]] in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states, [[India]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/><ref name="India Biodiversity Portal"/> Its name refers to its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]], the town of [[Kalakkad]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=Frost/><ref name="India Biodiversity Portal"/>

==Description==
Their size ranges from 20 to 90 mm. [[Dorsum (anatomy)|Dorsal]] coloration is pale greenish-brown with [[mottling]] on the flanks. The underbelly is fawn to pale green. Webbing of similar coloration exists between the fingers and toes. Skin flaps are found on fore and hind limbs, with a spur on each hind limb.<ref>Gururaja.K.V. Pictorial guide to Frogs and Toads of Western Ghats, Gubbi Labs, India. {{ISBN|978-81-924461-0-3}}</ref>

==Habitat and habits==
Its natural [[habitat]]s are tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s, [[montane forest]]s, and [[river]]s.<ref name=IUCN/> It is observed over heights of 30 m in the forest [[Canopy (biology)|canopy]] during the day. They breed before or after [[monsoon]] seasons by descending to shallow pools or slow-flowing streams. Groups of four or five males vocalize around females, making a moderately loud "chuch-chrrr-chuck-chuck-chuck" call. They build foam nests on vegetation hanging over shallow pools of water. The nest is similar to, but smaller in size, than that of ''[[Rhacophorus malabaricus]]''.<ref>Seshadri.K.S. pers.obs. 2012</ref>

It is threatened by [[habitat loss]].<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Rhacophorus/Rhacophorus-calcadensis |title=''Rhacophorus calcadensis'' Ahl, 1927 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2022 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |doi=10.5531/db.vz.0001 |access-date=25 November 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="India Biodiversity Portal">{{cite web | url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/29194 | title=''Rhacophorus calcadensis'' Ahl, 1927 |website=India Biodiversity Portal | access-date=25 November 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Venkataraman| editor1-first= K.| editor2-last= Chattopadhyay| editor2-first= A.| editor3-last=Subramanian| editor3-first= K.A. |name-list-style=amp | date= 2013| title= Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates) |publisher=Zoological Survey of India| location=Kolkata |pages=235 pp.+26 plates |no-pp=y | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301693197 }} [''Rhacophorus calcadensis'': p. 124]</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rhacophorus calcadensis}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2720461}}

[[Category:Rhacophorus|calcadensis]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1927]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ernst Ahl]]

2016 Pathankot attack

2025-12-14T10:49:59Z

ArryArrd: typo fix

{{Short description|Terrorist attack in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 2016 Pathankot attack
| location = [[Pathankot Airport|Pathankot AFS]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| target = [[Indian Air Force]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|14|01|N|75|38|04|E|type:event_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| date = 2–5 January 2016
| time = Began at 03:30
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| type = [[Suicide mission]]
| fatalities = 14 (1 civilian, 7 soldiers, and 6 militants)<ref name="6attacker"/><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/forensics-cant-find-human-remains-only-4-pathankot-attackers-confirmed/|title=Forensics can't find human remains: Only 4 Pathankot attackers confirmed|date=2 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=sss>{{cite web|title=4 Terrorists, 7880 Soldiers Killed in Pathankot Terror Attack: Live Updates|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/terror-attack-at-air-force-base-in-punjabs-pathankot-live-updates-1261436|website=NDTV|access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> 1 civilian and 7 security personnel (5 [[Defence Security Corps]] personnel; 1 [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] [[Garud Commando Force|Garud]] commando; 1 [[National Security Guard]])<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nsg-lieutenant-colonel-among-7-martyred-in-pathankot-attack-1261696|title=NSG Lieutenant Colonel Among 7 Martyred In Pathankot Attack, Funeral Today|date=4 January 2016|website=ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/govt-denies-lapses-in-pathankot-op-unsure-of-number-of-terrorists-involved/20160103.htm|title=Govt denies lapses in Pathankot op; unsure of number of terrorists involved|date=3 January 2016}}</ref>
| injuries = 25
| victims = One civilian; 7 soldiers defending the base
| perpetrators = * [[United Jihad Council]] (claimed)<ref name=ujc/>
* [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] (suspected)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ibnlive.com/news/world/jaish-e-mohammed-the-terror-group-behind-the-attack-on-pathankot-iaf-base-1184395.html|title=Jaish-e-Mohammed, the terror group behind the attack on Pathankot IAF base|date=2 January 2016}}</ref>
| weapons = [[AK-47]], [[Grenade]]s, [[Grenade launcher]]s, [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortars]], [[Improvised explosive device|IED]]
| numparts = 4
| dfens = * [[Defence Security Corps]]
* [[Indian Air Force]]
* [[National Security Guard]]<ref name="Express_live">{{cite news|title=LIVE: Terror attack at Pathankot Air Force base; 2 terrorist killed|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nsg-lieutenant-colonel-among-7-martyred-in-pathankot-attack-1261696}}</ref>
* [[Garud Commando Force]]<ref name="Haryana Salutes Martyred Garud Commando">{{cite web|title=Pathankot Attack: Haryana Salutes Martyred Garud Commando|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Pathankot-Attack-Haryana-Salutes-Martyred-Garud-Commando/2016/01/04/article3211088.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223613/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Pathankot-Attack-Haryana-Salutes-Martyred-Garud-Commando/2016/01/04/article3211088.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=New Indian Express|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Rs. 20 Lakh Compensation For Martyred Garud Commando - NDTV">{{cite web|author1=PTI|title=Pathankot Attack: Rs. 20 Lakh Compensation For Martyred Garud Commando|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pathankot-attack-rs-20-lakh-compensation-for-martyred-garud-commando-1261784|website=NDTV|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
}}

{{Location map+ | India Punjab
| caption = [[Pathankot Air Force Station]] shown in the map of Punjab near the Pakistani border, along with [[Dina Nagar]] and state capital [[Chandigarh]].
| places =
{{Location map~ | India Punjab
| label = Pathankot Air Force Station
| position = right
| mark = Airplane silhouette.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Pathankot Air Force Station
| lat_deg = 32.233611
| lon_deg = 75.634444
}}
{{Location map~ | India Punjab
| label = Chandigarh
| position = bottom
| marksize = 4
| link = Chandigarh
| lat_deg = 30.75
| lon_deg = 76.78
}}
{{Location map~ | India Punjab
| label = Dina Nagar
| position = left
| marksize = 4
| link = Dina Nagar
| lat_deg = 32.135
| lon_deg = 75.470
}}
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in India (since 2001)}}
On January 2, 2016, four militants belonging to the [[United Jihad Council]]<ref name="ujc" /> attacked the [[Indian Air Force]]'s [[Pathankot Air Force Station|Pathankot Airbase]], part of its [[Western Air Command]].

Four militants and two security forces personnel were killed in the initial battle, with an additional security force member dying from injuries hours later.<ref name=dnalive/><ref>{{cite news|title=Terrorists storm air force base, first challenge to Modi's Pak outreach|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/terrorists-storm-air-force-base-first-challenge-to-modis-pak-outreach/article8057276.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2 January 2016|access-date=2 January 2016|last1=Joseph|first1=Josy}}</ref> The gun battle and the subsequent combing operation lasted about 17 hours on 2 January, resulting in five militants and three security personnel dead.<ref>{{cite news|title=5 terrorists, 3 jawans killed in gunbattle at Air Force base in Punjab|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/militants-attack-pathankot-air-force-base/article8057245.ece?ref=relatedNews|access-date=15 January 2016|agency=TheHindu|date=2 January 2016}}</ref><ref name=toi17/> Three other soldiers died after being admitted to hospital with injuries, raising the death toll to six soldiers.<ref name=sss/> On 3 January, fresh gunshots were heard, and another security officer was killed by an [[Improvised explosive device|IED]] explosion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pathankot attack: Fresh gunshots, blasts heard from inside air base, 3 injured|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pathankot-attack-Fresh-gunshots-blasts-heard-from-inside-air-base-3-injured/articleshow/50425066.cms|website=The Times of India|date=3 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India Says Search for Attackers at Air Base Still Not Over|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/01/03/world/asia/ap-as-india-air-base-attack.html?_r=0|access-date=4 January 2016|work=The New York Times|agency=The Associated Press|date=3 January 2016|location=Pathankot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106153218/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/01/03/world/asia/ap-as-india-air-base-attack.html?_r=0 |archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> The operation continued on 4 January, and a fifth militant was confirmed killed.<ref name=deccan>{{cite web|title=Fifth terrorist killed, says NSG; combing operations underway at Pathankot airbase|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/160104/nation-current-affairs/article/two-terrorists-still-holed-pathankot-air-force-base-operations|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=4 January 2016|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Not until a final militant were reported killed on 5 January was the anti-militant operation declared over although further searches continued for some time.<ref name="6attacker"/>

The attack received wide international condemnation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/asia/india-air-base-attack-pathankot.html |title=Gunmen Killed in Pathankot, India, Air Base Attack |date=3 January 2016 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Though the [[United Jihad Council]], a Kashmir-based militant group, claimed responsibility for the attack on 4 January,<ref name=ujc>{{cite news |last1=Ashiq |first1=Peerzada |title=United Jihad Council claims responsibility for Pathankot attack |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/united-jihad-council-claims-responsibility-of-pathankot-attack/article8064932.ece |website=The Hindu |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> the attackers, who were wearing [[Indian Army]] fatigues,<ref name="Express_live"/> were subsequently suspected to belong to Pakistan-based [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], a group designated a terrorist organisation by India, the US, the UK and the UN.<ref>{{cite web |title=The List established and maintained by the 1267/1989/2253 Committee |url=https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/sites/www.un.org.sc.suborg/files/1267.htm#alqaedaent |website=UN.ORG |access-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102090856/https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/sites/www.un.org.sc.suborg/files/1267.htm |archive-date=2 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot attack: First terrorist was killed while he was climbing 10 meter high wall |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-air-force-base-terror-attack-punjab/ |website=The Indian Express |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref>

The attack led to a breakdown in [[India-Pakistan relations]], which remained largely unresolved till date.<ref name="consider">{{cite news |title=Pakistan to consider India's request to probe Pathankot attack after Eid |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pakistan-to-consider-indias-request-to-probe-pathankot-attack-after-eid-2878920/ |access-date=27 June 2016 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Media reports suggested that the attack was an attempt to derail a fragile peace process meant to stabilise the deteriorated relations between India and Pakistan, as several pieces of evidence were found linking the attackers to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terrorist Attack on Pathankot, India: Very Bad, But, U.S. Will Promote Peace Talks by Modi Anyway |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlestiefer/2016/01/03/terrorist-attack-on-pathankot-india-very-bad-but-u-s-will-promote-peace-talks-by-modi-anyway/ |access-date=3 January 2016 |work=Forbes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-peace forces behind Pathankot terror attack, says Harsimrat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/anti-peace-forces-behind-pathankot-terror-attack-says-harsimrat/story-zZPXNqt4OKC7sHehZ8l1aJ.html |access-date=3 January 2016 |work=www.hindustantimes.com/ |publisher=hindustantimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pathankot terror attack shouldn't deter peace talks with Pakistan, say some opposition leaders |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pathankot-terror-attack-shouldnt-deter-peace-talks-with-Pakistan-say-some-opposition-leaders/articleshow/50414995.cms |access-date=3 January 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Pakistani Dystopia |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-pakistani-dystopia?intcid=mod-latest |access-date=15 January 2016 |magazine=The New Yorker |author=[[Dexter Filkins|Filkins, Dexter]]}}</ref>

Shahid Latif, a senior [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] commander and mastermind of the attack was assassinated by unknown gunmen on October 10, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=The Saga of Unknown Gunmen: US, Canada, UK, Czechia, PoK and Pakistan - The News Dispatcher |url=https://thenewsdispatcher.in/saga-of-unknown-gunmen/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Latif, along with his brother and bodyguards, were targeted at [[Fajr prayer|dawn]] in a mosque in [[Daska]], Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Key conspirator behind 2016 attack on Pathankot airbase killed in Pakistan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/key-conspirator-behind-2016-attack-on-pathankot-airbase-killed-in-pakistan-8978942/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-11 |title=Pathankot attack mastermind Shahid Latif killed in Pakistan mosque |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pathankot-attack-mastermind-shahid-latif-killed-pakistan-mosque-8978544/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
On the night of 31 December 2015, at 9 pm, four men who had crossed the [[India–Pakistan border|international border]] from Pakistan and reached the Indian side, stopped a taxi driver, Ikagar Singh, on the road. There was an attempt to [[Carjacking|hijack]] his car but he fought back leading to the hijackers killing him by slitting his throat.<ref name="NDTV Ikagar">{{cite news |title='A Cop Didn't Fight Pathankot Terrorists, My Brother Did' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/a-cab-driver-died-fighting-pathankot-terrorists-who-wanted-his-car-1262378 |access-date=2 January 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=6 January 2016}}</ref> The tyres of the hijacked car burst after covering some distance.<ref name="NDTV Ikagar" /> The armed men then proceeded to hijack a multi-utility vehicle belonging to Salwinder Singh, a [[Superintendent of Police (India)|superintendent]] of the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]], in [[Dinanagar]]. In the process, they slit the throat of jeweller Rajesh Kumar, who was later admitted to a hospital. The vehicle was found abandoned about 500 metres away from the airbase.<ref>{{cite web|title=SP's vehicle hijacked by terrorists abandoned 500 m from airbase |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sps-vehicle-hijacked-by-terrorists-abandoned-500-m-from-airbase/ |website=The Indian Express |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot attack: Blue beacon atop SP's hijacked SUV let terrorists speed past checkposts |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-attack-blue-beacon-atop-sps-hijacked-suv-let-terrorists-speed-past-checkposts/ |website=The Indian Express |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Later, the carjacking was reportedly linked to the attack; the carjackers did not recognise it as a police car since its lights were turned off.<ref name="Express_live"/><ref name="DNA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/live-terrorists-launch-attack-on-iaf-base-in-pathankot-fierce-gunbattle-on-2161442|title=Pathankot terror attack: Enemies of humanity can't see India develop, says PM Modi|website=DNA India}}</ref>

The Punjab Police Department refused to believe the abduction report provided by SP Salwinder Singh after he was released by the attackers, and the other survivor, Madan Gopal, was tortured by the police interrogators upon reporting the incident.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pathankot-terror-attack-puzzling-delays-squandered-chances-and-then-gunshots/article8058967.ece?w=alauto |title=Pathankot terror attack: Puzzling delays, squandered chances and then gunshots |author=Vijaita Singh |work=The Hindu|date=3 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.thehindu.com/news/national/exclusive-police-tortured-key-pathankot-terror-witness/article8061330.ece |title=Exclusive: Pathankot terror witness' leads ignored, tortured instead |work=The Hindu: Mobile Edition|date=3 January 2016 |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy }}</ref> Salwinder Singh had a chequered past, and his claims may have been dismissed due to his perceived unreliability.<ref>{{cite news |author =Chitleen K Sethi|title = Controversial cop Salwinder Singh in news mostly for wrong reasons |quote = Known for his "closeness" to Sucha Singh Langah, former Akali minister from Gurdaspur, Salwinder's other claim to fame, or rather infamy, has been his colourful "extra-curricular activities", for which he is facing two inquiries. ... In 1991, when he was training at the Punjab Police Academy, Phillaur, for promotion to the post of sub-inspector, other trainees recall that he allegedly got involved in a scandal with a woman employee in the principal's office. "But no action was taken against him. However, all other trainees had to bear the brunt of his actions," a fellow trainee said....Very soon, he became closely associated with Langah. The latter remained a minister twice in the Parkash Singh Badal cabinet, first in 1997-2002 and then in 2007-12. Last year, Langah was convicted and sentenced to three years' imprisonment by a Mohali court in a case of disproportionate assets, but the conviction was later suspended by the Punjab and Haryana high court. The ex-minister has a 100-acre farmhouse in the border belt, not very far from where the SP was travelling the night he was abducted....The complainants, five widows posted as constables in the SSP's office, were allegedly being harassed by SP (headquarters) Salwinder. They had been inducted into the police on compassionate grounds. "In their statements recorded by the anti-sexual harassment committee, they alleged that Salwinder used to ask them to call him at odd/late hours. He would offer to protect them in case they needed assistance and also offered to help them retain their positions in the SSP's office. When one of them rebuffed him, he transferred her and then offered to get her back," said Jatinder Singh Aulakh, police commissioner, Amritsar, who is a member of the committee. To make matters worse for the SP, a fact-finding inquiry was instituted by the Punjab DGP on January 8 after a Tanda-based woman accused Salwinder of bigamy. Dhanpreet Kaur, Hoshiarpur SSP, is conducting the probe. Tanda resident Karanjit Kaur claimed that she exchanged vows with Salwinder in a Jalandhar gurdwara in 1994 and has a son from the marriage. She alleged that he married her despite being already married. |newspaper = Hindustan Times Chandigarh |date = 11 January 2016 |url =https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/controversial-cop-salwinder-singh-in-news-mostly-for-wrong-reasons/story-dkwHRFtbePfFfQ4zSLKCDL.html |access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>
A hand-held walkie talkie, was left behind by the attackers in the hijacked vehicle. It is speculated that its purpose was to aid coordination between that group and the others already at the airport and that the loss delayed the attack by twenty four hours.<ref>{{cite news |author = Chitleen K Sethi |title =Did a lost walkie-talkie save the day at Pathankot? |quote =It seems a lost walkie-talkie or a handheld transceiver saved the Pathankot airbase from suffering large-scale damage. The transmitter, carried by the four terrorists who kidnapped the SP to use his vehicle to reach Pathankot, was left by mistake in the SP's car when they disembarked from the vehicle in the wee hours of 1 January. The transmitter was to be used to contact the other team of two (or more) terrorists within the base to launch a coordinated attack. A similar transmitter has been recovered from near the area where the two terrorists were killed. "The reason that the terrorists did not launch the attack even 24 hours after they arrived is because they could not contact the other team which was already inside the base or was to get in touch with them on arrival on the walkie-talkie," said a senior Punjab intelligence officer. This day-long wait by the terrorists gave ample time to security agencies to secure the base and call in additional forces to fight the terrorists. "During their conversation in the SP's vehicle they kept saying that their mission would be known to all by the morning, which means that they had planned to strike the minute they landed inside the base. But they did not attack till they were engaged by the security forces the next morning. It could well be because they could not get in touch with the other team", he added. |newspaper =HindustanTimes, Chandigarh |date = 9 January 2016 |url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/did-a-lost-walkie-talkie-save-the-day-at-pathankot/story-fiJ9lHXEoYvNIysFyPe1yJ.html |access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>

==The attack==
On the morning of 1 January 2016 at around 03:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], at least six heavily armed people dressed in Indian Army uniforms breached the high-security perimeter<ref name=fresh/> of the airbase in Pathankot. The infiltrators possibly hid, using the [[elephant grass]] in the perimeter of the campus before making the strike.<ref name="Jain Times of India, 2016-01-05">{{Cite news |first=Bharti |last=Jain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pathankot-terror-attack-Fidayeen-came-in-batches-hid-in-grass/articleshow/50446226.cms |title=Pathankot terror attack: 'Fidayeen came in batches, hid in grass' |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> A nylon rope found over the {{convert|11|ft|m|abbr=off|order=flip|adj=mid|-high}} perimeter wall, looped from the ground up and then down again seemed to indicate the mode of entry. It is speculated that one of the attackers had climbed up one of the eucalyptus trees growing alongside the fence: bent it over with his weight to land on the wall. The floodlights in that stretch of the wall were apparently not working that night, which facilitated the transfer of six attackers, with some {{convert|50|kg|abbr=off}} of ammunition, {{convert|30|kg|abbr=on|-1}} of grenades, and assault weapons.<ref>{{cite news |title = Probing Pathankot attack: Fence floodlights that didn't work, gaps in border patrol, patchy police response |quote = It was a nylon rope, looped from the ground up over the Pathankot Air Force Base's 11-foot-high perimeter wall and then down again. Little genius had been needed to pull off the feat: one member of the assault team had climbed up one of the eucalyptus trees growing along the fence, and bent it over with his weight on to the wall. Helping them was the dark – the floodlights in that stretch of the wall were not working that night. Hundreds of Defence Security Corps guards tasked with guarding that fence, the last line of defence for one of India's most vital forward bases, had failed to notice as the assault team lugged themselves, 50 kg of ammunition, 30 kg of grenades, and their assault weapons.|date = 7 January 2016 |url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/probing-pathankot-attack-fence-floodlights-that-didnt-work-gaps-in-border-patrol-patchy-police-response/?google_editors_picks=true|access-date= 8 January 2016}}</ref> Reports arose of someone inside the base assisting the infiltration by changing the angle of floodlights near the wall where the attackers entered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/behind-the-pathankot-breach-3-lights-turned-upward-and-airbase-staffer-detained/ |title=Behind the Pathankot breach, 3 lights turned upward and airbase staffer detained |date=8 January 2016 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

They entered the living quarters of the base,<ref>{{cite news |title=Pathankot: Gunmen attack India air force base near Pakistan border |work=BBC News |date=2 January 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35211265 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> but were prevented from entering the area where "high-value assets" are parked.<ref>{{cite news |title=Militants attack Pathankot air base, 7 dead |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-attack-idUSKBN0UG01320160102 |website=Reuters |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> A senior police officer said the infiltrators "seemed to have jumped the wall and entered the base."<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot attack: Govt orders probe as questions surface |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-attack-govt-orders-probe-as-questions-surface/ |website=The Indian Express |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> The attackers were able to move 400 metres into the base through a forested area, before they were stopped by [[Garud Commando Force|Garud]] commandos, about 700 metres away from the IAF aircraft. The attackers were carrying [[grenade launcher]]s, 52 mm [[Mortar (weapon)|mortars]], [[Kalashnikov rifle|AK rifles]] and a [[GPS device]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot operation continues; 2 terrorists still holed up |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/pathankot-attack-ied-explodes-during-combing-ops-3-more-personnel-die/20160103.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

On 2 January, four attackers and 2 security forces personnel were killed in the initial gun battle, with another security personnel dying from injuries hours later.<ref name=dnalive/> Fresh gunshots were heard in the subsequent combing operation indicating more attackers still at large.<ref name=dnalive>{{cite web |title=LIVE Pathankot terror attack: High-level meeting between Manohar Parrikar, 3 Defence Chiefs and Ajit Doval begins |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/live-terrorists-launch-attack-on-iaf-base-in-pathankot-fierce-gunbattle-on-2161442 |website=DNA India |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> Three additional security personnel who were admitted to a hospital with severe injuries after an [[Improvised explosive device|IED]] blast during combing operations died on the night of 2 January 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot attack: IED explodes during combing ops; 3 more personnel die |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/pathankot-attack-ied-explodes-during-combing-ops-3-more-personnel-die/20160103.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Among those killed on 2 January was Commonwealth shooting medalist [[Subedar]] [[Fateh Singh (shooter)|Fateh Singh]] of the [[Dogra Regiment]] who was then with the [[Defence Security Corps]].<ref name=fateh>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pathankot-attack-Commonwealth-gold-medalist-Fateh-Singh-martyred/articleshow/50423057.cms |title=Pathankot attack: Commonwealth gold medalist Fateh Singh martyred |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref>

The [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]] was sealed off as soon as news of the attack broke.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot-Jammu highway sealed after terror attack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pathankote-jammu-highway-sealed-city-on-high-alert-301715-2016-01-02 |website=India Today |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> According to Indian intelligence officers, the attackers may have entered India on 31 December 2015 along the banks of the [[Beas River]] which cuts across the Pakistani border.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot terror attack strikes at heart of PM Modi's Pakistan peacemaking |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/pathankot-terror-attack-strikes-at-heart-of-pms-pakistan-peacemaking/ |website=The Indian Express |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> The attackers were aiming to destroy the aircraft and helicopters in the base, according to a call interception report.<ref name=toi17>{{cite news |title=Attack on Punjab airbase foiled, five Jaish men killed in 17-hour gunfight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Attack-on-Punjab-airbase-foiled-five-Jaish-men-killed-in-17-hour-gunfight/articleshow/50422972.cms |website=The Times of India |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref>

Gunshots were heard on the morning of 3 January 2016, leading to speculation that more attackers were still in the airbase. A fresh IED explosion on 3 January injured three [[National Security Guard]] personnel. A [[National Security Guard]] officer who was injured during the blast died in a hospital.<ref name=fresh>{{cite news |title=Fresh blast at Pathankot air base, 3 jawans injured |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fresh-blast-at-Pathankot-air-base-jawan-injured/articleshow/50423958.cms |website=The Times of India |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Also among those who died in action on 3 January was Corporal Gursewak Singh, [[Shaurya Chakra|SC]] of the [[Garud Commando Force|Garud Squadron]].{{efn|Singh was posthumously honored with the [[Shaurya Chakra]] for meritorious action and extraordinary sacrifices in 2017 by the [[President of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Corporal Gursevak Singh awarded Shaurya Chakra posthumously|url=https://www.careerride.com/mchoice/corporal-gursevak-singh-awarded-shaurya-chakra-posthumously-23992.aspx|access-date=2021-12-17|website=www.careerride.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Six Army personnel awarded Shaurya Chakra, one posthumously|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/25/six-army-personnel-awarded-shaurya-chakra-one-posthumously-2094603.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>}} Around noon, it was discovered that two attackers were still at large in the airbase.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Josy |title=Terrorists in hiding spring a surprise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pathankot-attack-terrorists-in-hiding-spring-a-surprise/article8061995.ece |work=The Hindu|date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Security forces continued the operation on 4 January with reinforcements being deployed to the location.<ref>{{cite news |title=Operation enters third day, more forces rushed to airbase |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fresh-firing-at-pathankot-air-base-army-deploys-reinforcements-in-area/article8061229.ece |work=The Hindu|date=3 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> A fifth attacker was confirmed killed later during the day.<ref name=deccan/><ref name=qwerty>{{cite web |title=Five terrorists who attacked Pathankot air base killed, combing operations still on |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pathankot-attack-live-updates-day-3-gunbattle-terrorists-intermittent-firing-army-operations-301903-2016-01-04 |publisher=India Today |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> The neutralisation of the sixth attacker was reported at 4.15 PM on 5 January<ref name="6attacker">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/live-terror-attack-at-pathankot-air-force-base-2-terrorist-killed/ |title=Pathankot attack: Sixth terrorist neutralised |work=The Indian Express Online Media Pvt Ltd |date=5 January 2016 |agency=The Indian Express |access-date=13 January 2016 |author=Express Web Desk |location=Pathankot}}</ref> The operation launched by the Indian Army to neutralise the attackers was called "Operation Dhangu" or "Dhangu Suraksha", named after the place Dhangu where the base is located.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pathankot-attack-How-Operation-Dhangu-was-won/articleshow/50476559.cms |title=Pathankot attack: How 'Operation Dhangu' was won|work=The Times of India|date=7 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>

==Analysis==
Speculative reports by ''[[Times of India]] ''claimed that the people who carried out the attack in Pathankot had to be in regular touch with their handlers. Another report suggested that the two phone numbers to which calls were made by the attackers were from Pakistan. However, the dates could not confirm linkage with the live incident<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/92-3000597212-Phone-number-of-Pathankot-attackers-ustaad-in-Pakistan/articleshow/50490489.cms|title=+92 3000597212: Phone number of Pathankot attacker's 'ustaad' in Pakistan | India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 January 2016 }}</ref>

The attackers called a number at 21:12 on 31 December from the phone of taxi driver Ikaagar Singh. Perpetrators also received four phone calls on Ikaagar Singh's number. "On this number, in fact, the terrorist is heard telling the attacker to kill the taxi driver," an official told the ''Times of India''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/92-3000597212-Phone-number-of-Pathankot-attackers-ustaad-in-Pakistan/articleshow/50490489.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=+92 3000597212: Phone number of Pathankot attacker's 'ustaad' in Pakistan |quote=A senior central agency officer, who is analysing the calls, confirmed that Ikaagar did not speak to any Pakistani number. "On this number, in fact, the terrorist is heard telling the attacker to kill the taxi driver," the official told TOI. |date=8 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref> One of the attackers called up his mother in the middle of attack from the mobile phone of jeweller who is a friend of the Pathankot SP - Rajesh Verma. The call was made at around 08:30, five hours after the attack was launched on the airbase.

[[Maulana]] [[Masood Azhar]], chief of [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]] (JeM), and his brother [[Abdul Rauf Azhar|Abdul Rauf Asghar]], an alleged mastermind of the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814|Indian Airlines Flight IC-814]] hijack case, are among four persons identified by Indian intelligence agencies as expected "handlers" behind the attack. The agencies found unreliable evidence that the conspiracy could have hatched near Lahore. Indian defense Minister Manohar Parrikar said there are indications that some of the materials used were made in Pakistan.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

The details about potential involvement of these four persons have been agreed by ''Indian Government'' to be shared with Pakistan through proper channels, and India has pressed for stern action against them regardless of their active involvement in this current incident, as a condition for any future talks with Pakistan, the talk put on hold till a viable action is done from Pakistan's end, the sources claimed.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/92-3000597212-Phone-number-of-Pathankot-attackers-ustaad-in-Pakistan/articleshow/50490489.cms |title = time of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.abplive.in/india-news/pathankot-attack-terrorists-made-calls-on-pakistani-numbers-called-one-handler-ustaad-271219 |title = abplive |access-date = 8 January 2016 |archive-date = 8 January 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160108072324/http://www.abplive.in/india-news/pathankot-attack-terrorists-made-calls-on-pakistani-numbers-called-one-handler-ustaad-271219 |url-status = dead }}</ref> [[C. Christine Fair|Christine Fair]] states that the Pakistan Army has launched the "refurbished" Jaish-E-Mohammad to this attack, not only for the tactical benefit of derailing the nascent peace process between India and Pakistan but also for the larger strategic interests domestically and regionally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efsas.org/SADF-Article.pdf|title=Pakistan's cross-border terrorism. The Pathankot attack|website=efsas.org}}</ref> It was a way to draw back the defected groups of JeM who had turned against the Pakistani government after President Musharraf's U-turn in 2001 and direct them against India.<ref>[[C. Christine Fair]], [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cchristinefair/bringingbackthedeadwh_b_8955224.html Bringing back the Dead: Why Pakistan Used the Jaishe-Mohammad to Attack an Indian Airbase], Huffington Post, 12 January 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pathankot-attack-aimed-at-probing-modi-govt-s-red-lines-c-christine-fair-116010900252_1.html Pathankot attack aimed at probing Modi govt's red lines: C Christine Fair], Business Standard, 9 January 2016.</ref>

Questions were raised about the lack of clear command structure within the security forces, the long duration of the attack, high casualties, lack of co-ordination between various units and premature statements claiming the end of the attack in spite of receiving accurate intelligence about the attack.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-the-pathankot-op-has-gone-on-for-so-long/20160105.htm |title=Why the Pathankot op has gone on for so long - Rediff.com India News |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/article/801374/pathankot-terror-attack-eight-crucial-unanswered-questions |title=Pathankot terror attack: Eight crucial unanswered questions |author=Rohan Venkataramakrishnan |work=Scroll.in|date=4 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-did-terrorists-enter-so-easily-despite-intel-ask-experts/20160103.htm |title=How did terrorists enter so easily despite intel, ask experts |date=3 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/here-are-the-questions-that-were-never-asked-about-the-pathankot-terror-attack-2587762.html |title=Pathankot attack: Questions that were never asked about the terror strike - Firstpost |date=18 January 2016 }}</ref> [[Vikram Sood]], the former head of India's foreign intelligence agency [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW), wrote an article on ''[[Rediff.com]]'' citing examples of how terrorist attacks occurred in India soon after peace talks took place between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/pathankot-attack-someone-is-unhappy-with-modi-nawaz-talks/20160103.htm |title=Pathankot attack: 'Someone' is unhappy with Modi-Nawaz talks |work=[[Rediff]] |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016 |author=[[Vikram Sood]]}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' published an article on similar lines highlighting past attacks and how they adversely affected [[India–Pakistan relations]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/engage-or-disengage-you-cant-ignore-other-stakeholders-message-from-pathankot-attack-to-india-pak-2568760.html |title=Engage or disengage, you can't ignore other stakeholders: What Pathankot attack tells India, Pak |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=3 January 2016 |access-date=21 March 2018 |first=Debobrat |last=Ghose}}</ref> Research conducted by GreatGameIndia Magazine revealed that the Pathankot attack was related to the international drug mafia stretching from Afghanistan via Pakistan to India from where the drugs are shipped off to Dubai and Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kasli |first=Shelley |date=21 February 2016 |title=Pathankot Attack: Oil, Globalization & Terror |url=https://greatgameindia.com/pathankot-attack-oil-globalization-terror/ |journal=GreatGameIndia Magazine |issue=Jan-Mar 2016 Issue }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
After the attack, the nation's capital [[New Delhi]] was put on high alert. [[Delhi Police]] [[Special Cell]] received information that two people from a designated terrorist group based in Kashmir known as Jaish-e-Mohammed had entered the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi on high alert following Pathankot attack |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/delhi-on-high-alert-following-pathankot-attack/articleshow/50429960.cms |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=The Economic Times |agency=IANS |date=3 January 2016 |location=New Delhi |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107221823/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/delhi-on-high-alert-following-pathankot-attack/articleshow/50429960.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> Security was tightened across the city, and additional security personnel were added in view of [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] Parade to be held on 26 January. [[Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express|New Delhi–Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express]], which left from Delhi, was stopped and checked thoroughly after a bomb threat on 2 January. In another instance at the [[Mumbai airport]], a [[Turkish Airlines]] plane was ordered to return from the runway to the parking area after an unclaimed mobile phone was found on a seat. New boarding passes were distributed, and passengers had to undergo a full security check a second time before boarding the plane again, causing a delay of four hours. The flight landed safely in Istanbul.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ankur Sharma |title=Threat of a Pathankot-like strike looms large over Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/threat-of-a-pathankot-like-strike-looms-large-over-the-national-capital-301891-2016-01-03 |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=India Today |date=4 January 2016 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=After Pathankot terror attack, major Indian cities on the edge |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/after-pathankot-terror-attack-major-indian-cities-on-the-edge-1185097.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=CNN IBN |date=4 January 2016 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Mumbai, the financial capital of the country, and [[Hindon Air Force Station]], located on the outskirts of Delhi, were also put on high alert.<ref>{{cite news |title=High alert after Pathankot terror attack, security beefed up |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/high-alert-after-pathankot-terror-attack-security-beefed-up/ |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=Indian Express |agency=PTI |date=3 January 2016 |location=Mumbai}}</ref> The Western Air Command of the Indian Air Force issued shoot-on-sight orders to all its bases in the wake of the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pathankot terror attack: Shoot-at-sight order at airbases |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-attack-effect-shoot-at-sight-orders-issued-for-anybody-scaling-walls-of-iaf-bases/ |access-date=27 June 2016 |work=Indian Express |agency=ENS |date=4 February 2016 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

Following the attacks, the Indian and Pakistani governments both agreed to postpone scheduled diplomatic talks.<ref name="talks"/> Pakistani authorities reportedly arrested several members of [[Jaish-e-Muhammad]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan arrests Jaish members, wants to send investigators to Pathankot |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1232709/pakistan-arrests-jaish-members-wants-to-send-investigators-to-pathankot |access-date=21 March 2018 |newspaper=Dawn |first=Irfan |last=Haider |date=13 January 2016}}</ref> though not Masood Azhar, who was placed in protective detention. It was reported that Azhar's exact location was being kept secret to prevent any attempts by his followers to free him.

Indian officials agreed a special team from Pakistan could travel to India to assist with the investigation.<ref name="talks">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-says-talks-with-pakistan-in-very-near-future/story-bG1lOiTLStcuK9Qw8kwxDK.html |title=Foreign secy. talks soon, India will help Pak probe on Pathankot attack |work=Hindustan Times|date=14 January 2016 |access-date=14 January 2016}}</ref> A five-member Pakistani investigation team was allowed to visit the air base on 28 March,<ref name="team">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35914753 |title=Pakistan team in India's Pathankot to investigate attack |work=BBC News |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref> and remained for three days to collect evidence and conduct interviews with witnesses and survivors. Pakistani investigators stated the attack had been a false-flag attack staged by the Indian government to malign Pakistan.<ref name="scathing">{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pathankot-attack-security-agencies-ill-prepared-govt-response-inadeqaute-says-scathing-report-of-standing-committee-2208638 |title=Pathankot attack: Security agencies ill-prepared, govt response inadequate, says scathing report of Standing Committee |publisher=DNA |date=3 May 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

On 26 April, India and Pakistan resumed their long-postponed diplomatic talks in New Delhi, at which the Indian foreign secretary re-emphasised the need for concrete progress into both the Pathankot and Mumbai attack investigations; Pakistan responded with a statement mentioning it had discussed "all outstanding issues" during the talks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/B7JBfy2LIra3lB6q4VYPHL/IndiaPakistan-foreign-secretary-meet-Kashmir-terror-domin.html |title=India asks Pakistan to act on Pathankot attack in talks |publisher=Liveming |date=26 April 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref> On 3 May, the Standing Committee of the Ministry of Home Affairs, which had sent a delegation to Pathankot to investigate the attack, lambasted the central government for its poor state of preparedness and lack of effective communications between its intelligence agencies. The committee found that despite several advance warnings before the attack, no effective measures had been taken to act upon the intelligence.<ref name="scathing"/>

On 26 June, it was reported that Pakistan "would consider" allowing an Indian investigation team to visit Pakistan to assist with investigations.<ref name="consider"/> In August, Sushma Swaraj, the Indian Minister of External Affairs, categorically ruled out any prospects of further dialogue with Pakistan until it had taken steps on "the Pathankot terror attack," as "terror and talks cannot go hand-in-hand."<ref>{{cite news |title=Sushma Swaraj rules out talks with Pakistan, John Kerry says no good or bad terrorist |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sushma-swaraj-pakistan-terrorism-john-kerry-india-visit-3004565/ |access-date=30 August 2016 |work=Indian Express |agency=ENS |date=30 August 2016 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Reactions==
===India===
[[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] condemned the attack and sent condolences to the families of soldiers who lost their lives. He also sent compliments to soldiers for their valour and courage while fighting the militants.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Pranab Mukherjee condemns Pathankot terror attack |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/president-pranab-mukherjee-condemns-pathankot-terror-attack/articleshow/50421266.cms |work=Economic Times|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] also condemned the attack, saying, "Today, enemies of humanity who can't see India progress tried to strike at our strategic area, a prominent airbase at Pathankot. I appreciate our armed forces and thank them for foiling our enemy's attempt."<ref>{{cite news |title=Enemies of humanity carried out the attack in Pathankot, PM Narendra Modi says |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Enemies-of-humanity-carried-out-the-attack-in-Pathankot-PM-Narendra-Modi-says/articleshow/50419672.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] [[Rajnath Singh]] said, "Pakistan is our neighbouring country. We want good relations with not just Pakistan but with all our neighbours. We also want peace, but if there is any terror attack on India, we will give a befitting reply."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pathankot-terror-attack-will-give-befitting-reply-to-terror-attack-says-union-home-minister-rajnath-singh/article8058082.ece |title=Will give befitting reply to terror attack: Rajnath |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016|last1=Singh |first1=Vijaita }}</ref>

The attack was seen as an attempt to undermine the India-Pakistan peace process. Almost all major Indian newspapers published editorials advising the Indian government to "stay the course" and not serve the purpose of the attackers by stalling or suspending the peace dialogue with Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here's how Indian newspapers covered the Pathankot attacks |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1230730/heres-how-indian-newspapers-covered-the-pathankot-attacks |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=dawn.com |publisher=Dawn |date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

On 14 January, several activists from the [[Hindu Sena]], a right-wing Hindu nationalist group, vandalised the Delhi offices of [[Pakistan International Airlines]]. Shouting anti-Pakistani slogans, the activists reportedly damaged computers and furniture. At least one of the activists was arrested by police.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/hindu-sena-attack-pakistan-airlines-office/article8107253.ece |title=Hindu Sena attacks Pakistan Airlines office |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 January 2016 |access-date=14 January 2016|last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy }}</ref>

A parliamentary panel report tabled in parliament on 3 May declared that security cover at the airbase was not robust. It mentioned that the perimeter wall was poorly guarded and the base did not have a road around it for patrolling.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pathankot airbase security was not robust: Parliamentary panel |url=http://www.abplive.in/india-news/pathankot-airbase-security-was-not-robust-parliamentary-panel-334599 |publisher=ABP Live |date=3 May 2016}}</ref>

===Pakistan===
The Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a press release condemning the attack and offered condolences. FO spokesman Qazi Khalilullah said. "Building on the goodwill created during the recent high-level contacts between the two countries, Pakistan remains committed to partner with India as well as other countries in the region to completely eradicate the menace of terrorism afflicting our region."<ref>{{cite news |title=Six IAF men killed as terrorists storm Indian air force base, Pakistan condemns attack |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1230278/two-iaf-men-killed-as-terrorists-attack-indian-air-force-base-near-pakistan-border |access-date=3 January 2016 |work= [[DAWN (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=2 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pak condemns Pathankot attack, says committed to eradicate terror |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pakistan-condemns-pathankot-attack-says-committed-to-eradicate-terror/story-nSBnhBRVPWZxPkpo5r0TTO.html |access-date=3 January 2016 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Pakistan also complained that India accused the Pakistani state of the attack. Special assistant to Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]], [[Irfan Siddiqui]], said, "India should understand that Pakistan itself had been one of the greatest victims of terrorist attacks on its soil." He regretted that only after a few terrorist attacks India begins hurling baseless allegations. He advised India to review its stance by further saying, "India should create an environment of trust, as unfounded allegations only hamper the process of dialogue." Former foreign secretary of Pakistan [[Riaz Khokhar]] said, "India was trying to tarnish Pakistan's image and is using such attacks to derail talks."
Pakistani news channel [[ARY News]] reported today that "some arrests" have been made in this regard but police did not confirm any arrest related to the Pathankot attack, as per PTI. "The intelligence agencies have picked up some suspects from [[Bahawalpur]] on the leads provided by India in Pathankot airbase attack and shifted them to undisclosed location for interrogation," the news channel reported.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pathankot terror attack Stop blaming us for attack, Pakistan tells India |url=https://www.asianage.com/international/pathankot-terror-attack-stop-blaming-us-attack-pakistan-tells-india-459 |access-date=4 January 2016 |work=The Asian Age |date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

===Other nations===
* {{flag |Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|2013}} – President [[Ashraf Ghani]] condemned the attack and expressed condolences for the deaths of security personnel.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/afghan-president-ghani-calls-modi-to-brief-on-indian-consulate-attack/article8065069.ece?homepage=true&ref=relatedNews |title=Afghan President Ghani calls Modi to brief on Indian consulate attack |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag |Bangladesh}} - Foreign Minister [[Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali]] said Bangladesh would stand firmly alongside India in the fight against terrorism.<ref name="international"/>
* {{Flag|Bhutan}} - Bhutan expressed their solidarity with India and urged the "[[international community]]... [to] renew their collective efforts to root out terrorism in all its forms and manifestations."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=Bhutan's Daily |title=Bhutan condemns terrorist attack in Punjab |url=https://kuenselonline.com/bhutan-condemns-terrorist-attack-in-punjab/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Kuensel Online}}</ref>
* {{flag |Brazil}} - The Brazilian government said it "manifestly and vehemently repudiates the attack...At the same time, [we] convey sentiments of solidarity to the families of the victims and to the government and people of India. Brazil reiterates its condemnation of any act of terrorism."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12822&catid=42&Itemid=280&lang=pt-BR |title="Ministério das Relações Exteriores - Nota 2: Atentado na Índia" (pt-br) |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Brazil |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag |Canada}} – The Canadian government condemned the attack and extended its condolences to the Indian government and the families of the victims. The Canadian High Commissioner to India, Nadir Patel, said, "Canada encourages regional and international collaboration to combat terrorism and disrupt terrorist networks."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/india-inde/highlights-faits/2016/2016-01-07_pathankot.aspx?lang=en |title=Canada condemns attack on Pathankot airbase |work=Government of Canada |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185535/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/india-inde/highlights-faits/2016/2016-01-07_pathankot.aspx?lang=en |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag |China}} – Foreign Ministry spokesperson [[Hua Chunying]] condemned the attack and told a media briefing in Beijing, "At this juncture, this attack might have been launched intentionally to disrupt this momentum [in Indo-Pak ties]. Many media reports have such doubts...,".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-pathankot-attacks-aimed-at-disrupting-indiapakistan-ties/article8064765.ece |title=China: Pathankot attacks aimed at disrupting India-Pakistan ties |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016|last1=Aneja |first1=Atul }}</ref>
* {{flag |France}} – The French government condemned the attack and expressed condolences to the victims' families and to the Indian government. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated, "We address our condolences to the families of the victims and to the Indian government. France stands alongside India in the struggle against terrorism."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/inde/la-france-et-l-inde/evenements/article/inde-attaque-contre-la-base-de-pathankot-04-01-16 |title="India - Attack against Pathankot base" (4 January 2016) (fr) |work=French Diplomacy: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag |Germany}} – The German government condemned the attack, as well as an attack on the Indian consulate-general in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan, stating, "The responsible parties must be identified and held accountable." In a statement, the Federal Foreign Office welcomed the dialogue which had recently been re-established between the prime ministers of India and Pakistan, and said they were "a good start and an important step towards improving relations between India and Pakistan in a lasting way. The attacks and other attempts to sabotage the dialogue must not be allowed to endanger the rapprochement."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_06D49F88F9B8013DF822078643A97400/EN/Infoservice/Presse/Meldungen/2016/160107_Indien-Pakistan.html |title=Statement by a Federal Foreign Office Spokesperson on talks between India and Pakistan |work=Germany: Federal Foreign Office |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag |Italy}} – Foreign Minister [[Paolo Gentiloni]] condoled the deaths of security personnel and affirmed Italy's solidarity with the Indian people.<ref name="international"/>
* {{flag |Japan}} – The Japanese government condemned the attack and expressed its solidarity "with the government and people of India."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/france-japan-condemn-pathankot-terror-attack/articleshow/50457309.cms |title=France, Japan condemn Pathankot terror attack |work=Economic Times |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag |Maldives}} – The Maldivian government strongly condemned the attack and extended "profound sympathy" to the Indian government and people. "Terrorism, in all its forms and manifestations, is a threat to peace, prosperity, democracy, and humanity, and needs to be defeated. The cowardly attack that took place in Pathankot will only strengthen our resolve to remain steadfast in our collective efforts to bring an end to this global scourge forever," a government statement said.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://foreign.gov.mv/v2/en/media-center/news/article/1590 |title=The Maldives Condemns the terrorist attack on the Indian Air Force Base in Pathankot in India. |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Republic of Maldives |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918091230/http://foreign.gov.mv/v2/en/media-center/news/article/1590 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag |Nepal}} – On his behalf and on that of the Nepalese government, Prime Minister [[Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli]] sent a condolence message to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, extending condolences and sympathies to Prime Minister Modi and to the bereaved families. Wishing for the swift recovery of those wounded in the attack, he reiterated the Nepalese government's unequivocal condemnation of terrorism "in all its forms and manifestations, and holds the view that terrorism must be firmly and resolutely dealt with wherever and whenever it takes place." He expressed his belief that the perpetrators would shortly be brought to justice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.np/press-release/press-release-on-message-of-condolence-from-rt-hon-prime-minister-mr-k-p-sharma-oli-to-his-excellency-shri-narendra-modi-prime-minister-of-india-today-on-the-loss-of-precious-lives-in-the-terrorist-attack-on-pathankot-airbase-on-2nd-january-2016 |title=Press Release on Message of Condolence from Rt. Hon. Prime Minister Mr. K. P. Sharma Oli to His Excellency Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, today on the loss of precious lives in the terrorist attack on Pathankot airbase on 2nd January 2016 |work=Government of Nepal: Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{flag |South Africa}} – The South African government condemned the attack and expressed its condolences to the victims' families. The government urged the continuation of dialogue between India and Pakistan, "Momentum has recently been built in efforts to enhance stability in the region through dialogue and cooperation, and all parties are urged not to allow this event to interrupt or derail the dialogue process and the goodwill created through recent high level talks. South Africa, given its history, strongly believes that there is no alternative to dialogue and talks in order to ensure that disputes are resolved peacefully."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/south-africa-condemns-attack-on-indian-air-force-base-in-pathankot.html |title=South Africa condemns attack on Indian Air Force base in Pathankot |work=PR Newswire |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115709/http://en.starafrica.com/news/south-africa-condemns-attack-on-indian-air-force-base-in-pathankot.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag |South Korea}} – The South Korean government condemned the attack, stating, "Terrorism is a crime against humanity, and [an] inhuman act that cannot be justified in any circumstances."<ref name="international">{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/international-community-condemns-pathankot-attack-116010601323_1.html |title=International community condemns Pathankot attack |work=Business Standard |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sri Lanka}} – The Sri Lankan government strongly condemned the attack and expressed its condolences. "Sri Lanka remains committed to work with countries in the region and beyond to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations," a government statement said.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Sri-Lanka-Condemns-Pathankot-Attack/2016/01/06/article3214806.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232904/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Sri-Lanka-Condemns-Pathankot-Attack/2016/01/06/article3214806.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Sri Lanka Condemns Pathankot Attack |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Kingdom}} – Dr. [[Alexander Evans (diplomat)|Alexander Evans]], Britain's acting High Commissioner to India, condemned the attack, saying, "The UK strongly condemns the terrorist attack in Pathankot and offers condolences to the victims and their families. We are committed to working with India and other countries around the world to combat terrorism and bring the perpetrators of terrible crimes like these to justice."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/uk-condemns-attack-in-pathankot |title=UK condemns attack in Pathankot |work=Gov.uk |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|United States}} – President [[Barack Obama]] strongly condemned the attack, stating, "We join India in condemning the attack, saluting the Indians who fought to prevent more loss of life and extending our condolences to the victims and their families. Tragedies like this also underscore why the US and India continue to be such close partners in fighting terrorism." Accepting the attack originated on Pakistani territory, Mr. Obama added, "Pakistan has an opportunity to show that it is serious about legitimizing, disrupting and dismantling terrorist networks. In the region and around the world, there must be zero tolerance for safe havens and terrorists must be brought to justice." He described the Pathankot attack as "another example of the inexcusable terrorism that India has endured for too long," and credited Prime Minister Narendra Modi for reaching out to his Pakistani counterpart Nawaz Sharif after the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-president-barack-obama-interview-with-pti-at-washington/article8147928.ece|title=Pakistan 'must' dismantle terror networks: Obama|work=The Hindu|date=24 January 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> State Department spokesperson [[John Kirby (admiral)|John Kirby]] said, "The United States is committed to our strong partnership with India to combat terrorism" and urged "all countries in the region to work together to disrupt and dismantle terrorist networks and to bring to justice the perpetrators of this heinous act." The United States government is also keen that the attack does not disrupt the renewed talks between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pathankot-attack-us-for-joint-fight-against-terror/article8062362.ece |title=U.S. for joint fight against terror |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Kirby also expected that Pakistan will take actions against the perpetrators of the terror attack. He said, "The government of Pakistan has spoken very powerfully to this and it's certainly our expectation that they'll treat this exactly the way they've said they would."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/pathankot-attack-us-expects-pakistan-will-take-action-against-attackers/ |title=Pathankot attack: US expects Pakistan will take action against attackers |work=The Indian Express|date=5 January 2016 |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> [[John Kerry]], US Secretary of State, requested Pakistan Prime Minister to continue the discussion with India, saying that this attack must not affect dialogue between the two countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pathankot attack: John Kerry dials up Sharif, says Pathankot attack must not affect India-Pak dialogue|url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/john-kerry-dials-sharif-number-says-pathankot-attack-must-not-affect-india-pak-dialogue-2577390.html|access-date=10 January 2016|work=Firstpost|date=10 January 2016}}</ref>

==Documentary==
*Special Operations India: 'Pathankot', presented by [[History TV18]] channel.<ref name="HISTORY TV18">{{cite web |title=Special Operations : India 'Pathankot' |url=https://www.historyindia.com/show/special-ops-india-pathankot |website=HISTORY TV18 |access-date=2 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HT History">{{cite news |title=Special Ops India: History TV18 to present documentary on Pathankot airbase attack on June 25 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/special-ops-india-documentary-recreated-to-show-pathankot-air-base-attack-on-june-25/story-kOLEAtp5bFaGmYZUPV6C6I.html |access-date=2 January 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of terrorist incidents, January–June 2016]]
* [[2016 Uri attack]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Islamic terrorism in Asia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathankot attack, 2016}}
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in 2016]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2010s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2016 mass murders]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:Pathankot district]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2016]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:January 2016 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:January 2016 in India]]
[[Category:Building bombings in India]]
[[Category:2016 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:2016 murders in India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shaurya Chakra]]
[[Category:Terrorist attacks on airports in Asia]]
[[Category:Attacks on air bases]]
[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Garud Commandos]]
[[Category:2016 building bombings]]
[[Category:2016 in international relations]]
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in India]]

Shams Aalam

2025-12-03T11:28:23Z

ArryArrd: new

{{Short description|Indian para swimmer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| image = Shams Aalam at the TEDx Dhavari, april 2019.jpg
| fullname = Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|7|17}}
| birth_place = Rathaus, [[Madhubani district]], [[Bihar]], India
| website = {{URL|www.shamsaalam.com}}
| height =
| weight =
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = Para Swimming
| event =
| paralympics =
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
}}

'''Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh''' (born 17 July 1986) is an Indian Para swimmer. He is currently ranked number 1 by the World Para Swimming (WPS) in men's 100 m butterfly (S5 category) and men's 50 m breaststroke (SB4 category) as on 2 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-02 |title=Shams Aalam on cloud nine with two world No.1 rankings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/shams-aalam-on-cloud-nine-with-two-world-no-1-rankings/articleshow/107368650.cms |access-date=2024-02-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 10 November 2024, he set a world record for longest open water swimming.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-11-11 |title=Para swimmer Aalam sets world record in open water |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/para-swimmer-aalam-sets-world-record-in-open-water/articleshow/115164202.cms |access-date=2024-12-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-11 |title=Longest distance swum in open water by a paraplegic swimmer |url=https://worldrecordsunion.com/longest-distance-swum-in-open-water-by-a-paraplegic-swimmer/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=World Records Union™ |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Aalam was born in Rathaus Village, [[Madhubani District]], [[Bihar]], and later moved to [[Mumbai]] with his family. At the age of 24, he developed a benign tumour in his lower back which immobilized his lower half due to unsuccessful surgeries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/social-news/paralyzed-bandra-man-swims-across-8-kms-in-4-hours-proves-anything-is-possible/articleshow/58108716.cms|title=Mohammed holds record in swimming after defeating cancer|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=15 August 2019|website= Malayalam Samayam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first=|date=2024-01-31 |title=Shams Aalam Shaikh wins 6 medals; sets NRs at Reykjavik International Games |url=https://thebridge.in/para-sports/shams-aalam-shaikh-six-medals-national-records-reykjavik-international-games-45811?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> He lives in Dharavi, Mumbai and holds a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from [[Rizvi College of Engineering]] and MBA from [[Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology|Sathyabama University]], Chennai<ref>{{cite news |date=12 April 2017 |title=Breaking swimming records against all odds |url=https://navhindtimes.in/breaking-swimming-records-against-all-odds/ |accessdate=15 August 2019 |work=[[The Navhind Times]]}}</ref> He comes from a family of wrestlers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bihar Para swimmer scripts a first for India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/bihar-para-swimmer-scripts-a-first-for-india/articleshow/91117841.cms |access-date=2024-12-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Swim career ==
Aalam won four gold medals at the Indian Open Para Swimming Championship in 2018, and a bronze medal at the 2016 Can-Am Para Swimming Championships held in [[Gatineau, Quebec]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Can-Am Para Swimming Championships Results |url=https://www.swimming.ca/content/uploads/2015/08/2016canamcompleteresults.pdf}}</ref> He also represented India at the World Para Swimming Championship Maderia Portugal 2022 and [[2018 Asian Para Games]] in Jakarta, Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Haji |first=Irfan |date=20 September 2018 |title=Aalam relieved after getting Para Asian Games ticket |url=https://www.asianage.com/sports/in-other-sports/300918/aalam-relieved-after-getting-para-asian-games-ticket.html |accessdate=15 August 2019 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref> He is also received Best Sportsperson with Disability Award by the [[president of India]] on 3 December 2021 <ref>{{cite web |title=Para swimmer bags national award for diving into accessibility |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/para-swimmer-bags-national-award-for-diving-into-accessibility/articleshow/88097837.cms |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nath |first1=Damini |date=6 December 2021 |title=National Awards for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, 2020 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ruing-the-loss-of-a-moment-on-stage/article37857889.ece |work=THE HINDU}}</ref>

==Athletic career==
Aalam was interested in karate and participated in state and national karate events before 2010. After his surgery, he started to train as a swimmer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/despite-winning-medals-for-india-this-disabled-mumbai-swimmer-s-life-is-still-very-challenging-351830.html|title=Despite Winning Medals For India, This Disabled Mumbai Swimmer's Life Is Still Very Challenging|first= Priyanka|last= Batt|date=25 August 2018|accessdate=15 August 2019|website= India Times}}</ref> He won a total of 15 medals at the 12th to 17th Indian National Para Swimming Championship, and was selected for the Indian contingent for the 2018 Asian Para Games to participate at the S5 category for 50M and 100M Butterfly and Freestyle and various other categories.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/defying-all-odds-swimmer-shams-alam-shaikh-to-participate-in-asian-para-games-in-indonesia-353959.html|title=Defying All Odds, Swimmer Shams Alam Shaikh To Participate In Asian Para Games In Indonesia|first= Kriti|last= Gupta|date=30 September 2018|accessdate=16 August 2019|website= India Times}}</ref> Aalam won Bronze at the 2016 Can-Am Para Swimming Championships held in Gatineau, Quebec in the men's 100m Breaststroke SB4 category.<ref>https://www.swimming.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2016canamcompleteresults.pdf Page 20</ref>

In the 20th National Para-Swimming Championship, Shams won gold medals in 50m butterfly and 150m medley categories along with one silver in 100m freestyle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/32-km-journey-fell-down-twice-mohammad-shams-aalam-shaikh-s-rocky-road-to-glory|title=The Indian para-swimmer overcame tough training stint to win two gold medals at the 20th National Para-Swimming Championship|publisher=olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/252452/mohammad-shams-alam-shaikh-gurugram-paraplegic-swimmer-world-record-national-para-swimming-championship-covid-19-pandemic-inclusivity-disability-inspiring-ros174|title=Paraplegia Couldn't Stop Bihar Athlete From Winning 50 Medals & World Record for India|publisher=The Better India}}</ref>

In January 2025, Aalam won a gold in the 200m breaststroke with a new Indian record, three silver in 100m breaststroke, 200m individual medley and 200m freestyle, and two bronze in 50m breaststroke and 100m freestyle, at the Reykjavik International Games in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Fasting is purely individual and very personal decision’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/fasting-is-purely-individual-and-very-personal-decision/articleshow/118767892.cms |access-date=2025-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Awards==
Aalam Shaikh was awarded best emerging leader in disability sports and sports diplomacy by the U.S. Department of state global sports mentoring program 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://globalsportsmentoring.org/global-sports-mentor-program/emerging-leaders/shams-aalam/|title=INDIAN SWIMMER AND PARA SPORTS LEADER ADVOCATES FOR INCLUSION|publisher=globalsportsmentoring.org|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/para-athlete-shams-selected-for-mentorship-program-in-the-us/articleshow/63197172.cms|title=Para athlete Shams selected for the mentorship programme|publisher=Times of India}}</ref> His interview with Kiran Rai for the 300 most influential people in Asia 2020 was published by The [[New York Press]] News Agency.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sociostory.org/impact-stories/paraplegia-struck-shams-aalam-at-a-young-age-but-he-leaves-audience-awestruck-with-his-accolades|title=Paraplegia struck Shams Aalam at a young age, but he leaves audience awestruck with his accolades|publisher=sociostory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cityspidey.com/news/14413/shams-aalam-a-paraplegic-swimmer-who-overcame-all-odds|title=Shams Aalam: A paraplegic swimmer who overcame all odds|publisher=cityspidey.com}}</ref> He was awarded the role model state award for the empowerment of Persons with Disabilities by the Social Welfare Department, Government of Bihar <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/socialwelfare/CitizenHome.html|title=Government of Bihar}}</ref> on the occasion of International Day of Persons with Disabilities 2020. He also got the best international athlete of the year 2020 by Bihar Para Sports Association. {{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} On 22 February 2025, he received the Mastery Award at the 23rd CavinKare Ability Awards 2025 organised along with the Ability Foundation in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-22 |title=Six persons with disabilities honoured at CavinKare Ability Awards 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/six-persons-with-disabilities-honoured-at-cavinkare-ability-awards-2025/article69252255.ece |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Records ==
On 8 April 2017, he swam 9 km in 4 hours at [[Candolim Beach]], [[Goa]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Sharmila |date=9 April 2017 |title=Paralyzed Bandra Man Swims Across 8 Kms In 4 Hours & Proves Anything Is Possible |url=https://www.mensxp.com/special-features/today/36096-paralyzed-bandra-man-swims-across-8-kms-in-4-hours-proves-anything-is-possible.html |accessdate=16 August 2019 |website=Mens XP}}</ref><ref name="shams aalam">{{cite web |last1=shaikh |first1=mohammad shams |title=para swimmer |url=https://globalsportsmentoring.org/global-sports-mentor-program/emerging-leaders/shams-aalam/ |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=U.S. global sports mentoring program}}</ref> It was the world record for longest open sea swimming by a paraplegic person.<ref>{{cite news |title=Longest Open-Sea Swim by a Paraplegic: world record set by Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh |url=https://www.worldrecordacademy.com/sports/longest_open-sea_swim_by_a_paraplegic_world_record_set_by_Mohammad_Shams_Aalam_Shaikh_217097.html |publisher=World Record Academy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Paraplegic's 8km swim makes it to World Records Academy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/paraplegics-8km-swim-makes-it-to-world-records-academy/articleshow/58438871.cms |publisher=Times of India}}</ref>

He also set a world record for the longest open water swimming at the National Takshila open Water swimming competition in [[Patna]], Bihar, where he swam 13 km in the [[Ganga river]]. The record was ratified by the World Records Union.<ref name=":0" />

In January 2025, Aalam won gold in the 200m breaststroke, with a new Indian and Asian record at the Reykjavik International Games in Iceland.

==See also==
*[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aalam, Shams}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Paralympic swimmers for India]]
[[Category:Indian male swimmers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:S5-classified para swimmers]]

Pooja Yadav

2025-10-21T08:19:06Z

ArryArrd: Added New Post Needs Work...

{{Short description|Indian Paralympic athlete (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Pooja Yadav''' (born 1989) is a [[Para-athlete|para athlete]] from [[Haryana]]. She represented India at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] and won a silver medal in the women's discus throw F54/55 event on 25 October 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-26 |title=Nuh woman bags silver at Para Asian Games in China |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/nuh-woman-bags-silver-at-para-asian-games-in-china/articleshow/104712545.cms |access-date=2024-01-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=Para Asian Games: Pooja secures silver in women's discus throw - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/para-asian-games-pooja-secures-silver-in-womens-discus-throw/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=India win 111 medals at Para Asian Games, here's every medal winner of the record-breaking campaign |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/38759315/100-asian-para-games-medals-india-every-medal-winner-record-breaking-campaign |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-10-25 |title=Asian Para Games 2023 medals tally: Full list of winners from India |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/news/asian-para-games-2023-medals-tally-full-list-of-winners-from-india-11698234809707.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

{{MedalTableTop||name=}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's [[para-athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Discus throw F54/55]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}

== Early life and background ==
Yadav hails from Tauru in [[Nuh district]] of [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0" /> During childhood, she fell in a well<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Haryana News {{!}} Watch The Inspiring Story Of Para Athlete Pooja Yadav {{!}} Paralympics {{!}} News18 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6scNsaCINpw |access-date=2024-01-15 |language=en}}</ref> at the age of eight and suffered irreversible spinal injury and has been using wheelchair. She is a single-parent child and her father is a farmer.<ref name=":0" /> She is supported by a scholarship from M3M foundation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Natashaa |date=2023-10-27 |title=Asian Para Games 2023: Meet Pooja Yadav - From a Farm Girl to Para Games Glory |url=https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/asian-para-games-2023-pooja-yadav-silver-medal-winning-story-gen-gen-241623.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.mykhel.com}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Domestic ===
She won her first medal in shot put in 2017 at the 17th National Para Athletics at Jaipur. In 2018, in the 18th National Para athletics championship at [[Panchkula]], she won two gold medals in javelin throw and shot put and got a bronze in the discus throw. In 2021, she won three gold medals winning all the throw events at the Indian Open Para athletics championship in Bengaluru.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

=== International ===
In 2019, Yadav made her international debut taking part in the World Para Athletics Grand Prix Championship in [[Dubai]] and won a bronze medal in discus throw. In July 2023, she won a bronze medal in javelin at the World Para Athletics Championship in [[Paris]] to book a berth for the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] in [[China]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Pooja}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Indian women discus throwers]]
[[Category:Competitors in the sport of athletics with disabilities]]

Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2025-09-18T13:12:16Z

ArryArrd: made first post needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Banda
| map_image = 235-Banda, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Prakash Dwivedi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = Vivek Kumar Singh
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Banda district, India|Banda]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,10,282
| constituency_no = 235
}}

'''Banda''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Banda in the [[Banda district (India)|Banda district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> Banda is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Banda Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha constituency of Banda]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 235 amongst 403 constituencies.<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>

Currently this seat belongs to [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Prakash Dwivedi]] who won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Madhusudan Kushwaha by a margin of 32,828 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Elected year !! MLA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balrampur Assembly constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/balrampur-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Pahalwan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Brij Mohan Lal Gupta
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|G. S. Saraf
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Mahiraj Dhwaj Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|rowspan=2 |Jamuna Prasad Bose
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Chandra Prakash Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Jamuna Prasad Bose
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Nasimuddin Siddiqui]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Raj Kumar Shivhare
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Vivek Kumar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Babu Lal Kushwaha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| rowspan="2" |Vivek Kumar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017-1">{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2017 |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2017-election-results.html}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Prakash Dwivedi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banda<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Prakash Dwivedi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:81557}}
|percentage = 41.34
|change = -4.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manjula Singh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:66343}}
|percentage = 33.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dheeraj Prakash
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:38284}}
|percentage = 19.4
|change = -8.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hanuman Das
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3776}}
|percentage = 1.91
|change = +1.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Laxminarayan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:1894}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change = -16.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1991}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change = +0.47
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15214}}
|percentage = 7.71
|change = -10.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197300}}
|percentage = 63.59
|change = +3.65
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banda<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Prakash Dwivedi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:83169}}
|percentage = 45.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Madhusudan Kushwaha
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:50341}}
|percentage = 27.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vivek Kumar Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:32223}}
|percentage = 17.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mohd. Aslam
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:2736}}
|percentage = 1.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shyam Sunder Singh
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:1953}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vimal Krishan
|party = Sarv Sambhaav Party
|votes = {{formatnum:1642}}
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:979}}
|percentage = 0.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32828}}
|percentage = 18.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182334}}
|percentage = 59.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.49|80.34|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Banda, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Banda district, India]]

Calangute

2025-08-22T22:11:09Z

ArryArrd:

{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Calangute
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Sunset at Calangute.jpg
| image_alt = Twilight at Calangute Beach
| image_caption = Waves thrashing at the shore Calangute, Goa, India.
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Calangute in Goa
| coordinates = {{coord|15|32|30|N|73|45|43|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Goa]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bardez]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13,810
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 403516
| area_code = 0832
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Calangute''' is a town in the [[North Goa district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]]. It is famous for its beach, the largest in North Goa and a popular tourist destination. The peak tourist season is during [[Christmas]] and [[New Year]], and during the summer in May.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the 2011 India census}},<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Census, District Census Hand Book - North Goa|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3001_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20GOA.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-23|website=censusindia.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113232733/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3001_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20GOA.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2015 }}</ref> Calangute had a population of 13,810. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Calangute had an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 78% and female literacy 67%. 10% of the population was under 6 years of age.

==Government and politics==
Calangute is part of [[Calangute (Goa Assembly constituency)]] and [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Education==
Calangute has secondary education schools viz. Little Flower of Jesus High School, St. Josephs High School, Don Bosco High School, Mark Memorial High School, apart from the Government Primary schools located in Umtavaddo & Naikavaddo.

==In media==
[[Lorna Cordeiro]] recorded a song in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] titled "Calangute" about the town and Calangute Beach.

==Notable residents==
* [[Bruno Coutinho (footballer, born 1969)|Bruno Coutinho]] – captained the [[India national football team]].
* {{annotated link|Lumen Monteiro}}, bishop of [[diocese of Agartala]] in [[Tripura]], was born in Calangute

==Sports==
Like any other Goan village, Calangute's most famous sport is [[Association football|football]]. The local football club is Calangute Association, which represents them in Goa's top-tier league, the [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Parasailing on the Calangute beach, Goa.jpg|Parasailing at Calangute Beach
File:ParasailingGoa3.jpg|Parasailing at Calangute beach in December 2006
File:Boats on the Calangute beach, Goa.jpg|Boats at Calangute Beach
File:Calangute-Tinto.jpg|The ''tinto'' (market) at Calangute
File:Altars at St. Alex Church, Calangute.jpg|Altars at St. Alex Church, Calangute.
File:Calangute-beach.jpg|alt=Crowded Calangute Beach in an evening|Crowded Calangute Beach in an evening
File:Calangute-beach-2.jpg|alt=Dusk at Calangute Beach|Dusk at Calangute Beach
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Calangute}}
* Energetic [https://catchychronicles.com/calangute-beach-goa/ Calangute Beach] Goa
[[Category:Beaches of Goa]]
[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]
[[Category:Beaches of North Goa district]]

Nand Kishore Acharya

2025-08-12T15:43:24Z

ArryArrd: quick update

{{short description|Indian poet}}
{{BLP sources| date= May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Nand Kishore Acharya
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|08|31}}
| birth_place = [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| occupation = [[Playwright]], [[poet]], [[critic]]
| notableworks = ''Chheelate Hue Apane Ko''
| awards = {{Nowrap|[[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2019) [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] [[K. K. Birla Foundation|Bihari Puraskar by the KK Birla Foundation]]}}
| signature =
}}
'''Nand Kishore Acharya''' (born 31 August 1945) is an Indian [[playwright]], [[poet]], and [[critic]] who was born in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030510002314/http://realbikaner.com/personality/nkacharya.html Nand Kishore Acharya.. Real Personality of Bikaner]</ref> He is a professor emeritus at the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]], where he taught Political Economy and Human Rights.<ref name=DC>{{cite news |title= Awards aren't creatively satisfying: Nand Kishore Acharya|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/070616/awards-aren-t-creatively-satisfying-nand-kishore-acharya.html|access-date=13 May 2020 |work=DeccanChronicle.com|date=7 June 2016|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==

*[[Sahitya Academy Award]] 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title= Shashi Tharoor, Nand Kishore Acharya to receive Sahitya Akademi Award 2019; win Rs 1 lakh cash prize|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/shashi-tharoor-nand-kishore-acharya-to-receive-sahitya-akademi-award-2019-win-rs-1-lakh-cash-prize/articleshow/72870095.cms|access-date=13 May 2020 |work=EconomicTimes.com|date=18 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
*Rajasthan Sahitya Akademi's highest honour Mira Award.<ref name=DC/>

==Bibliography==

===Poetry===
* ''Jal Hai Jhan'' (1980)
* ''Wah Ek Samudra Tha'' (1982)
* ''Shabda Bhule Hue'' (1987)
* ''Aati Hai Jaise Mrityu'' (1990)
* ''Kavita Mein Nahin Hai Jo'' (1995)
* ''Anya Hote Hue'' (2008)

===Plays===
* ''Dehaantar'' (including Kimidam Yaksham 1987)
* ''Paagalghar'' (including Joote 1988)
* ''Gulam Badshah'' (including Hastinapur 1992)
* ''Kisi aur ka sapna''

===Criticisms===
* ''Ajneya Ki Kaavya Titirsha'' (1970)
* ''Rachna Ka Sacch'' (1986)
* ''Sarjak Ka Man'' (1987)
* ''Anubhava Ka Bhaval'' (1994)
* ''Sahitya Ka Svabhava'' (2001)
* ''Sarjak Ka Man''

===Others===
* ''Sanskriti Ka Vyakarana'' (1988)
* ''Aadhunik Vichar Aur Shiksha'' (1989)
* ''Parampara Aur Parivartan'' (1991)
* ''Sabhyata Ka Vikalpa''
* ''The Cultural Polity of the Hindus''
* ''Polity in Shukranitisaar''

===Translation===
* ''Sunate Hue Baarish'' (1983) (Riokaan)
* ''Nav Manavaad'' (1998) (M.N. Roy)
* ''Vignana Aur Darshan'' (1999) (M.N. Roy)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Acharya, Nand Kishore}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Poets from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]

Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)

2025-08-08T08:34:52Z

ArryArrd: updated details

#REDIRECT [[Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer, born 1893)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Kaisarganj

2025-07-29T05:54:59Z

ArryArrd: New Post

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaisarganj
| native_name = कैसरगंज
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town and Tehsil
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.4167|N|81.5333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Kaisarganj Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 1059.4
| elevation_m = 112
| population_total = 824786
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 779
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 271903
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05251
| registration_plate = UP-40
| website =
}}
'''Kaisarganj''' ([[Hindi]]: कैसरगंज) is a town, tehsil, and [[nagar panchayat]] in the [[Bahraich district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located on [[National Highway 927 (India)|National Highway 927]] in the [[Awadh]] region and is part of the [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaisarganj Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaiserganj Lok Sabha Election 2024 |url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/lok-sabha/constituency/kaiserganj.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The town serves as an administrative centre for the surrounding rural areas. Nearby places include [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]] and [[Ayodhya]]. [[Shakuntala Nayar]], [[Beni Prasad Verma]], and [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]] have served as elected representatives of the Kaisarganj Lok Sabha constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कैसरगंज लोकसभा सीट : 1952 में हुआ इस संसदीय क्षेत्र का गठन, जानिए राजनीतिक इतिहास |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-kaiserganj-lok-sabha-seat-constituency-of-this-parliamentary-constituency-in-1952-know-political-history-2455324.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321150040/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-kaiserganj-lok-sabha-seat-constituency-of-this-parliamentary-constituency-in-1952-know-political-history-2455324.html |archive-date=2019-03-21 |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bahraich district]]

{{Bahraich-geo-stub}}

Ulihatu

2025-07-25T21:34:06Z

ArryArrd: stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ulihatu
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.983032|N|85.491256|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khunti district|Khunti]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1126
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835232
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06528
| registration_plate = JH 23
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 72.51%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Tamar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamar]]
| website = {{URL|khunti.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ulihatu''' is a village in the [[Arki block|Arki]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the Khunti Sadar subdivision of the [[Khunti district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|58|0|N|85|16|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Khunti district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, T: tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|23|0|27|N|85|31|56|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Arki | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Arki, Khunti]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|4|35|N|84|59|39|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Gobindpur| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Gobindpur, Khunti]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|46|45|N|85|6|16|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Rania| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Rania, Khunti]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|7|49|N|85|7|46|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Karra| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Karra, Khunti]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|0|24|N|85|24|52|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Kitahatu| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Kitahatu]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|57|57|N|85|16|39|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Murhu| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Murhu]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|58|58|N|85|29|28|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Ulihatu| numbered7=R| mark-title7= Ulihatu (R)|shape-color7=black| label-size7=13|label-color7=black 
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|53|27|N|85|30|58|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Birbanki| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Birbanki]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|4|55|N|85|24|8|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Maranghada| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Maranghada]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|4|51|N|85|16|38|E}} | label-pos10=top|label10=Khunti| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[Khunti]] (M) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|55|56|N|85|5|36|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11= Torpa | numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Torpa, India]] (CT) |shape-color11= #A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|56|44|N|85|15|24|E}} | label-pos12= bottom|label12=Panchghagh Falls | numbered12=T| mark-title12= [[Panchghagh Falls]] (T) |shape-color12= #74C365
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|50|8|N|85|9|49|E}} | label-pos13= top|label13=Perwaghagh Falls | numbered13=T| mark-title13= [[Perwaghagh Falls]] (T) |shape-color13= #74C365
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|2|0|N|85|20|30|E}} |label14= Karkari |labela14= River |label-color14 = #77A1CB| label-angle14= -110| label-pos14=top| label-size14=10| mark-size14=0| mark-title14 =none
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|46|0|N|85|1|0|E}} |label15= South Koel |labela15= River |label-color15 = #77A1CB| label-angle15= 40| label-pos15=top| label-size15=10| mark-size15=0| mark-title15 =none
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|0|0|N|85|7|0|E}} |label16= North Karo |labela16= River |label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= -60| label-pos16=top| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|3|7|N|85|24|36|E}}| label17= Dombari|labela17= Buru| label-color17 = #C42222 | label-angle17=0| label-pos17=bottom| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none}}

===Location===
Ulihatu is located at {{coord|22.983032|N|85.491256|E|display=inline}}

The place is surrounded by hills. It is 40 km from [[Khunti]] and 30 km from [[Murhu]].<ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = https://khunti.nic.in/khunti.nic.in/place-of-interest/ | title = Places of Interest | work = Ulihatu and Dombari Buru | publisher = Khunti district administration | access-date = 30 October 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
In the adjacent map the area shown is "undulating and covered with hills, hillocks and jungles (jungles/ forests are shown as shaded area in the map). The soil of the area is rocky, sandy and red loam upland. There are paddy fields only in the depressions. It has a gentle slope adjacent to the streams."<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2020_PART_A_DCHB_KHUNTI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Khunti, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 9-10: Topographical and geographical features |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 2 November 2021}}</ref> A major part of the district is in the altitude range of {{convert|500-700|m}}, with up to ± 200 m for some parts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jsac.jharkhand.gov.in/Report_PDF/Slope/Khunti_Slope_Report.pdf | title = Report on Slope, Aspect and Altitude of Khunti District, Jharkhand State | work = Page 9: Physiography, Page 17: Altitude | publisher = Jharkhand Space Applications Centre, Department of Information Technology, Government of Jharkhand | accessdate = 13 October 2021 | archive-date = 7 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214801/https://jsac.jharkhand.gov.in/Report_PDF/Slope/Khunti_Slope_Report.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2011, it had a density of population of 210 persons per sq km. Khunti is an overwhelmingly rural district with 91.5% of the population living in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2020_PART_A_DCHB_KHUNTI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Khunti, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 32: Census findings, population and its distribution |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 2 November 2021}}</ref> Famous places in this area are Ulihatu, the birth place of [[Birsa Munda|Bhagwan Birsa Munda]], and Dombari Buru, the central point of his activity.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://khunti.nic.in/khunti.nic.in/place-of-interest/ | title = Places of Interest | work = Ulihatu and Dombari Buru | publisher = Khunti district administration|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Historical significance==
[[File:Birsa Munda 1988 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Birsa Munda on a 1988 stamp of India]]
[[Birsa Munda|Bhagwan Birsa Munda]], freedom fighter, religious leader and tribal icon was born on 15 November 1875 at Ulihatu. He is the only tribal leader whose portrait adorns the central hall of the Indian parliament.<ref name=admin/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.indiastatdistricts.com/jharkhand/khunti-district | title = About Khunti District (Jharkhand)| publisher = indiastatdistricts | access-date = 30 October 2021}}</ref>

==Dombari Buru==
Dombari Buru, a picturesque hill close to Ulihatu, "had turned red with blood when Birsa Munda led his legendary ''ulgulan'' (rebellion) against the British more than a century ago"<ref name=admin/>

Many years ago padmasri Dr.Ramdayal Munda and others made a huge pillar in memory of 9 January 1900 dombari buru incident.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ulihatu had a total population of 1,126, of which 675 (60%) were males and 451 (40%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 191. The total number of literate persons in Ulihatu was 678 (72.51% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2020_PART_B_DCHB_KHUNTI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Khunti, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 375382, pages 138139|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 30 October 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Arki block#Language and religion]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{external media
| float=right
| video1=[https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Ulihatu+Khunti&docid=608007304440919443&mid=693D168500166F9E575A693D168500166F9E575A&view=detail&FORM=VIRE Village of Birsa Munda Ulihatu (commentary in Hindi)]
}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Khunti district]]

Vineet Saran

2025-07-23T07:49:23Z

ArryArrd:

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1957)}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vineet Saran
| image = File:Justice_Vineet_Saran.jpg
| office = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start = 7 August 2018
| term_end = 10 May 2022
| appointer = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| nominator = [[Dipak Misra]]
| office1 = 29th Chief Justice of the [[Orissa High Court]]
| term_start1 = 26 February 2016
| term_end1 = 6 August 2018
| nominator1 = [[T. S. Thakur]]
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor1 = [[Dhirendra Hiralal Waghela]]
| successor1 = [[Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri]]
| office2 = Judge of the [[Karnataka High Court]]
| term_start2 = 16 February 2015
| term_end2 = 25 February 2016
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator2 = [[H. L. Dattu]]
| office3 = Judge of the [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start3 = 14 February 2002
| term_end3 = 15 February 2015
| appointer3 = [[Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]
| nominator3 = [[Sam Piroj Bharucha]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|05|11|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
}}

'''Vineet Saran''' (born 11 May 1957) is a former judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and the ethics officer and ombudsman in the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]].<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-07-19 |title=Former SC judge Vineet Saran appointed BCCI ethics officer |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/former-sc-judge-vineet-saran-appointed-bcci-ethics-officer/article65659583.ece |access-date=2022-09-29 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is a former chief justice of the [[Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/cuttack/high-court-gets-new-chief-justice/articleshow/65277246.cms | title=High court gets new chief justice | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=5 August 2018 | access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.livelaw.in/breaking-centre-notifies-appointment-of-justices-km-joseph-indira-banerjee-and-vineet-saran-as-sc-judges/ | title=Centre Notifies Appointment Of Justices KM Joseph, Indira Banerjee And Vineet Saran As SC Judges | publisher=Live Law | work=Apoorva Mandhani| date=3 August 2018 | access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref> He is also a former judge of the [[Karnataka High Court]] and [[Allahabad High Court]].

== Career ==
Vineet Saran was born on 11 May 1957. He was enrolled as an [[advocate]] on 28 July 1980. He practiced before the [[Allahabad High Court]] in all matters. He was appointed a permanent judge of the Allahabad High Court on 14 February 2002. He was thereafter transferred to the [[Karnataka High Court]] on 16 February 2015 and was appointed chief justice of the [[Orissa High Court]] on 26 February 2016.

He was appointed as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 7 August 2018. He retired on 10 May 2022.

In July 2022, he was reported as having been appointed as the BCCI ombudsman and ethics officer, in a position that had been vacant for over a year since the end of Justice (retired) DK Jain’s tenure ended in June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Shayan |date=2022-07-19 |title=Justice Vineet Saran appointed BCCI ombudsman and ethics officer |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/bcci-ethics-officer-ombudsman-supreme-court-judge-retired-justice-vineet-saran-cricket-news/article65657911.ece |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saran, Vineet}}
[[Category:Chief justices of the Orissa High Court]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Karnataka High Court]]

Rayachoti (Assembly constituency)

2025-07-16T18:24:23Z

ArryArrd: adjust information after review for clarity

#REDIRECT [[Rayachoty Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Australian cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1935–36

2025-06-11T01:08:16Z

ArryArrd: reworked page also

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2022}}
[[File:1935-36_Australians_in_India_2.jpg |thumb|300px|right | The Australian team. Standing, left to right: umpire, Harry Alexander, Hunter Hendry, Jack Ellis, Louis Tarrant, Lisle Nagel, Frank Tarrant, Ron Morrisby, Frank Warne, umpire. Seated: Frank Bryant, Ron Oxenham, Tom Leather, Charlie McCartney, Maharajah of Patiala, Jack Ryder, Hammy Love, Fred Mair, Wendell Bill. Absent: Bert Ironmonger, Arthur Allsopp.]]
An [[Australia national cricket team|Australian cricket team]] toured [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] and [[British India|India]] in 1935–36, playing 17 [[first-class cricket|first-class matches]] between October 1935 and February 1936, including four unofficial [[Test cricket|Tests]].

==Background==
This tour was privately organized, and was not endorsed by the [[Cricket Australia|Australian Board of Control]]. Australia's [[Test cricket|Test]] team were touring [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 1935-36|South Africa]], and the Board, determined that the [[Sheffield Shield]] season should not be further affected by the absence of leading players, stipulated that no current [[Sheffield Shield]] players would be allowed to tour India.<ref name="TM">"Third Man", "The Australians in India", ''[[The Cricketer]]'', Annual 1935-36, pp. 85–86.</ref>

The finance for the tour was provided by [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|The Maharaja of Patiala]], and the team was selected and organized by the Australian cricketer [[Frank Tarrant]], who had long playing experience in Australia, England and India. The team's official title was "His Highness the Maharaja of Patiala's Team of Australian Cricketers".<ref>[[Ramachandra Guha]], ''A Corner of a Foreign Field'', Picador, London, 2002, p. 233.</ref>

==The Australian team==
The team chosen consisted largely of former Test players and fringe Sheffield Shield players.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Boys of the Old Brigade! |journal=Mirror |date=19 October 1935 |page=15 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/75717294}}</ref> The players, with their ages at the start of the tour in late October 1935, were:
{{div col}}
*[[Jack Ryder (cricketer)|Jack Ryder]] (captain; 46)
*[[Harry Alexander (cricketer)|Harry Alexander]] (30)
*[[Arthur Allsopp]] (27)
*[[Wendell Bill]] (25)
*[[Frank Bryant (cricketer)|Frank Bryant]] (25)
*[[John Ellis (Victoria cricketer)|John Ellis]] (45)
*[[Hunter Hendry]] (40)
*[[Bert Ironmonger]] (53)
*[[Tom Leather]] (25)
*[[Hammy Love]] (40)
*[[Charlie Macartney]] (49)
*[[Frederick Mair]] (34)
*[[Ronald Morrisby]] (20)
*[[Lisle Nagel]] (30)
*[[Ron Oxenham]] (44)
{{div col end}}
As well, [[Frank Warne]] (29) played in three of the first-class matches, [[Frank Tarrant]] (54) and Joseph Davis (age unknown) each played in two, and Tarrant's son [[Louis Tarrant|Louis]] (31) played in one. The Maharaja of Patiala also played in one match for the Australians, as guest captain against [[Patiala cricket team|Patiala]], who were captained by his son, [[Yadavindra Singh|the Yuvraj of Patiala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Patiala v Australians 1935-36 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/15/15683.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=23 February 2019}}</ref>

==The tour==
The tour began in October 1935 in [[Colombo]] with one first-class match against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Ceylon]] which the Australians won by an innings and 127 runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=All Ceylon v Australians, 1935/36|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_CEYLON/AUS_CEYLON_25-26OCT1935.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>

From November 1935 to February 1936, the team played 16 first-class matches in India, including four matches against an [[India national cricket team|All-India XI]]:
* [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/15/15643.html 1st international] at [[Bombay Gymkhana]] – Australia won by 9 wickets<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia in India, 1935/36, 1st Unofficial Test|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IND_05-07DEC1935.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>
* [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/15/15668.html 2nd international] at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]] – Australia won by 8 wickets<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia in India, 1935/36, 2nd Unofficial Test|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IND_31DEC1935-01JAN1936.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>
* [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/15/15680.html 3rd international] at [[Bagh-e-Jinnah (Lahore)|Bagh-e-Jinnah]], [[Lahore]] – India won by 68 runs<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia in India, 1935/36, 3rd Unofficial Test|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IND_10-13JAN1936.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>
* [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/15/15698.html 4th international] at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Madras]] – India won by 33 runs<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia in India, 1935/36, 4th Unofficial Test|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IND_06-08FEB1936.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>

==Further reading==
* [[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', Andre Deutsch, London, 1990, pp. 99–100
* [[Mike Coward]], ''Cricket Beyond the Bazaar'', Allen & Unwin, North Sydney, 1990, pp. 89–113
* [[Ramachandra Guha]], ''A Corner of a Foreign Field: An Indian History of a British Sport'', Picador, London, 2001, pp. 233–34
* Megan Ponsford, ''The Has-Beens and Never-Will-Bes'', CricketMASH, 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=The Has-Beens and Never-Will-Bes |url=http://cricmash.com/cricbookstore |website=CricketMASH |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1935-36/AUS_IN_IND Australia in India: Nov 1935/Feb 1936] at ESPNcricinfo
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Australia_in_India_and_Ceylon_1935-36.html Australia in India and Ceylon 1935-36] at CricketArchive
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/99322.html "The first encounter that ended on even keel"] from ESPNcricinfo

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket tours of Sri Lanka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Australian cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1935-36}}
[[Category:1935 in Australian cricket]]
[[Category:1935 in Ceylon]]
[[Category:1935 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1936 in Australian cricket]]
[[Category:1936 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Australian cricket tours of India|1935-36]]
[[Category:Australian cricket tours of Sri Lanka|1935-36]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1918–19 to 1944–45]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1918–19 to 1945]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72]]

{{India-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{SriLanka-cricket-tour-stub}}

Kushan Nandy

2025-02-19T11:15:42Z

ArryArrd: New Details

{{Short description|Indian film producer, writer and director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2017}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Kushan Nandy
| image = Kushan Nandi Wiki.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Kushan Nandy
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| occupation = Film director, producer, writer
| years_active = 1994 to present
| spouse =
| mother =
| father = [[Pritish Nandy]]
}}
'''Kanishka Kushan Nandy''', (better known as '''Kushan Nandy''') is an Indian film producer, writer and director. He produces films under the banner of the current entertainment house Movies by the Mob. He turned independent director in television, went on to making documentaries, music videos and advert films following which he turned his focus onto his passion of directing [[Hindi]] feature films.

== Career ==
He turned independent director in television for [[Doordarshan]], [[Zee TV]] and Shahra TV. He went on to making documentaries, music videos and advert films following which he turned his focus on to directing Hindi feature films. His first feature film was [[88 Antop Hill]], starring [[Atul Kulkarni]] followed by [[Hum Dum]] which received mention at various film festivals in India and overseas. Following this Kushan produced and directed documentaries and short films for International partners in North America, Hong Kong and United Kingdom.

His film [[Babumoshai Bandookbaaz]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bakp3UKa3c|title=Babumoshai Bandookbaaz – Official Trailer – Nawazuddin Siddiqui – Bidita Bag|last=Saregama Music|date=11 July 2017|accessdate=14 December 2017|via=YouTube|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928191735/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bakp3UKa3c|archivedate=28 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kushan-nandy-babumoshai-bandookbaaz-was-a-roller-coaster-ride/articleshow/60159442.cms|title=Kushan Nandy: Babumoshai Bandookbaaz was a roller-coaster ride|website=The Times of India|accessdate=14 December 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214133301/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kushan-nandy-babumoshai-bandookbaaz-was-a-roller-coaster-ride/articleshow/60159442.cms|archivedate=14 December 2017}}</ref> starring [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui|Nawazuddin Siddique]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/babumoshai-bandookbaaz-first-look-nawazuddin-siddiqui-attends-to-urgent-business/story-9csahY9WwM7izReXLQrV7H.html|title=Babumoshai Bandookbaaz first look: Nawazuddin Siddiqui attends to ‘urgent business’|date=29 March 2017|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=14 December 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420160433/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/babumoshai-bandookbaaz-first-look-nawazuddin-siddiqui-attends-to-urgent-business/story-9csahY9WwM7izReXLQrV7H.html|archivedate=20 April 2017}}</ref> in the lead role, was released in August 2017.

.

== Filmography ==
; As Director
* ''[[88 Antop Hill]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Hum Dum]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Babumoshai Bandookbaaz]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jogira Sara Ra Ra]]'' (2023)
; TV Program
* Do Lafzon Ki Kahani
* The locked Room ([[X Zone]])
* Mumbai City Scam (Zee Thriller at 10)
* Diamonds are for ever(Zee Thriller at 10)
* Fatal attraction (Zee Thriller at 10)
* Zee Millinium Show
* [[Ek Raja Ek Rani]]
* Raajkahaani
* Yudh

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nandy, Kushan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:La Martiniere Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from West Bengal]]

Harvinder Singh (cricketer)

2024-12-20T02:06:37Z

ArryArrd: New Biography.

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1977)}}
{{for|the Paralympian athlete|Harvinder Singh (archer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Harvinder Singh
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|12|23}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| international = true
| testdebutdate = 6 March
| testdebutyear = 1998
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 215
| lasttestdate = 22 August
| lasttestyear = 2001
| lasttestagainst = Sri Lanka
| odidebutdate = 13 September
| odidebutyear = 1997
| odidebutagainst = Pakistan
| lastodidate = 17 October
| lastodiyear = 2001
| lastodiagainst = Kenya
| odicap = 106
| country = India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm fast-medium
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 3
| runs1 = 6
| bat avg1 = 2.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 6
| deliveries1 = 273
| wickets1 = 4
| bowl avg1 = 46.25
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/62
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 16
| runs2 = 6
| bat avg2 = 1.50
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 3*
| deliveries2 = 686
| wickets2 = 24
| bowl avg2 = 25.37
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/44
| catches/stumpings2 = 6/–
| date = 4 February
| year = 2006
| source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/29280.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Harvinder Singh''' {{audio|Harvinder_Singh.ogg|pronunciation}} (born 23 December 1977) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who played in three [[Test cricket|Test matches]] and 16 [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches from 1997 to 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvinder Singh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/29280.html |access-date=2020-06-17 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Harvinder made his debut in ODI cricket for India against Pakistan during the 1997 [[Sahara Cup]] in [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of India vs Pakistan 1st ODI 1997 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/16036/scorecard/66035/india-vs-pakistan-1st-odi-pakistan-tour-of-canada-1997 |access-date=2020-06-17 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, he became an Indian national [[selector (cricket)|selector]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sunil Joshi set to take over as chairman of selectors |language=en |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=4 March 2020|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28834271/sunil-joshi-set-take-chairman-selectors |access-date=2020-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2020 |title=All you need to know about new BCCI selector and former India pacer Harvinder Singh |language=en-US |work=[[Scroll.in]]|url=https://scroll.in/field/955259/all-you-need-to-know-about-new-bcci-selector-and-former-india-pacer-harvinder-singh |access-date=2020-06-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harvinder}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:North Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Central Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Railways cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab, India cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Amritsar]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1970s-stub}}

Lingam Venkata Prabhakar

2024-07-08T08:04:18Z

ArryArrd: added a details nd citations

{{Short description|Indian banker and businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}{{Infobox person
| name = Lingam Venkata Prabhakar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| education = Institute of Banking & Finance
| occupation = Banker
| known for =
| title = MD and CEO, [[Canara Bank]]
| term = January 2020 – 31st December 2022
| predecessor = R A Shankara Narayanan
| successor = K. Satyanarayana Raju
| spouse =
| website =
}}
'''Lingam Venkata Prabhakar''' is an Indian businessman. He was the Managing Director and CEO of [[Canara Bank]]. He was the former executive director of [[Punjab National Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lingam Venkata Prabhakar, Canara Bank: Profile and Biography |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/20208022 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=LV Prabhakar appointed as MD of Canara Bank |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/banking-finance/lv-prabhakar-appointed-as-md-of-canara-bank/1834463/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CANBK.IN Company Profile & Executives - Canara Bank - Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/IN/XNSE/CANBK/company-people/executive-profile/140546964 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.wsj.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
Prabhakar did a master’s degree in agriculture. He is a Certified Associate of Indian Institute of Bankers (CAIIB). He did his graduation from [[Indian Institute of Banking and Finance]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-03-01 |title=PNB appoints L.V. Prabhakar as executive director for 3 years |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/242EDsZqRN7F2MbADSk0xJ/PNB-appoints-LV-Prabhakar-as-executive-director-for-3-year.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Prabhakar started his career as Chief Risk Officer and GM-Integrated Risk management at [[Allahabad Bank]]. He joined [[Punjab National Bank]] on 1 March 2018 as the executive director.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2018-03-01 |title=PNB appoints Lingam Venkata Prabhakar as executive director for 3 years |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pnb-appoints-lv-prabhakar-as-executive-director-118030101006_1.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}}</ref> He became the Managing Director and CEO of [[Canara Bank]] from 1 February 2020 and continued to hold his position till 31 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-24 |title=Government appoints LV Prabhakar as new MD & CEO of Canara Bank |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/business/government-appoints-lv-prabhakar-as-new-md-ceo-of-canara-bank-1502849066.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=PNB appoints LV Prabhakar as Executive Director |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/pnb-appoints-lv-prabhakar-as-executive-director/articleshow/63129646.cms |access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhakar, Lingam Venkata}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Harivamsa

2024-05-30T21:06:26Z

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#REDIRECT [[Harivaṃśa]]

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Tana Mana

2023-03-17T14:34:38Z

ArryArrd: done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Tana Mana
| type = [[Album]]
| artist = [[Ravi Shankar]]
| cover = Tana Mana 1987 LP cover.jpg
| alt =
| released = June 1987
| recorded = 1983–86
| venue =
| studio = Serafine FX, Los Angeles; [[FPSHOT]], Oxfordshire; The Enterprise, Los Angeles
| genre = [[Music of India|Indian music]], [[jazz]], [[New-age music|new age]]
| length = 40:39
| label = [[Private Music]]
| producer = [[Ravi Shankar]], [[Frank Serafine]], [[Peter Baumann]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

'''''Tana Mana''''' is an album by Indian musician [[Ravi Shankar]], originally credited to "the Ravi Shankar Project" and released in 1987. The album is an experimental work by Shankar, mixing traditional instrumentation with 1980s [[electronic music]] and [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] technology. Shankar recorded much of ''Tana Mana'' in 1983 with sound effects innovator [[Frank Serafine]], but it remained unreleased until [[Peter Baumann]], head of [[New-age music|new age]] record label [[Private Music]], became attached to the project. The album title translates to mean "body and mind".

In addition to his familiar instrument, the [[sitar]], Shankar plays [[synthesizer]] extensively on the recording. The album also includes contributions from [[Lakshmi Shankar]], [[Aashish Khan]] and [[Kumar Bose]], and Western musicians such as [[George Harrison]], [[Al Kooper]] and [[Ray Cooper]].

==Background and recording==
In his 1997 autobiography, ''[[Raga Mala (book)|Raga Mala]]'', [[Ravi Shankar]] writes that he started work on ''Tana Mana'' in 1983 at the home studio of [[Frank Serafine]], a sound effects designer for Hollywood films such as ''[[Tron]]'' (1982).<ref name="RagaMala p 248">Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 248.</ref> The album began as an experiment by Shankar with the innovative [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] technology that Serafine had assembled at his studio<ref name="RagaMala p 248" /> – Serafine FX in [[Venice, Los Angeles|Venice]], western Los Angeles.<ref name="InCelebration credits">Album booklet, ''[[Ravi Shankar: In Celebration]]'' box set ([[Angel Records|Angel]]/[[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]], 1996; produced by George Harrison & Alan Kozlowski).</ref> Shankar recalls recording "two or three pieces" on [[synthesizer]] before having to depart for India.<ref name="RagaMala p 248" /> On his return to Los Angeles, he [[Overdubbing|overdubbed]] contributions from regular accompanists such as his son [[Shubhendra Shankar|Shubho]] and sister-in-law [[Lakshmi Shankar]] (on sitar and vocals, respectively), and from [[sarod]]ya [[Aashish Khan]] and [[tabla]] player [[Swapan Chaudhuri]].<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248, 261.</ref> Up to five new pieces were also recorded at this time, according to Shankar.<ref name="RagaMala p 248" />

In a 2011 interview with tablist [[Tanmoy Bose]], who suggested that the album was "much ahead of its time", Shankar said: "''Tana Mana'' was [me] like a child experimenting in a new sphere. That was a time of electronic keyboards, you could get different sounds, it was all very new."<ref>Tanmoy Bose, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150802/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110726/jsp/entertainment/story_14286339.jsp "His Master's Voice"], [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|''The Telegraph'' (Calcutta)]], 26 July 2011 (retrieved 28 August 2015).</ref> The experimental nature of the project impressed Shankar's circle of friends in California, he writes in ''Raga Mala'', but confused record companies, who were unable to attribute the music to a recognised [[Music genre|genre]].<ref name="RagaMala p 248" /> The recordings were "left sitting there waiting for someone to show more interest", Shankar recalls, until the involvement of German composer [[Peter Baumann]],<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248, 249.</ref> who had formed a label specialising in experimental music, [[Private Music]], in 1984.<ref name="Baumann bio/AM">Jason Ankeny, [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/peter-baumann-mn0000320056/biography "Peter Baumann"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> According to the credits listed in Shankar's 1996 box set ''[[Ravi Shankar: In Celebration|In Celebration]]'', further recording for what became ''Tana Mana'' took place during 1986.<ref name="InCelebration credits" />

One of the additional tracks was "Friar Park", featuring Shankar's friend and sometime collaborator [[George Harrison]].<ref>Clayson, p. 397.</ref> Named after Harrison's estate in Oxfordshire, west of London,<ref name="RagaMala p 249">Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 249.</ref> the song was based on [[Charukesi|Raga Charukeshi]] and features Shankar playing both standard and bass sitars<ref name="InCelebration credits" /> (the latter known as the [[surbahar]]).<ref>''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 72.</ref> Shankar and Harrison taped the track at [[FPSHOT]],<ref name="InCelebration credits" /> Harrison's home studio, accompanied by [[Ray Cooper]] on [[marimba]] and Markandeya Mishra, a local tabla player.<ref name="RagaMala p 249" />

{{quote box|quote= Using the scale of the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] raga "[[Hemavati (raga)|Hemavati]]," I improvised [on sitar] ... I said some words in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] such as "adsola" (cockroach), "chitey gud" ([[jaggery]] – unrefined brown sugar), "Chittagong" (a [[Chittagong|city in Bangla Desh]]), and anything else that spontaneously came to mind. A fun recording.<ref name="TanaMana credits" />|source= – Shankar, discussing the creation of "West Eats Meat"|width=20%|align=left|style=padding:8px;}}
Another 1986 recording was "West Eats Meat", its title suggested by Serafine as a pun on Shankar's earlier cross-cultural projects, such as West Meets East,<ref name="RagaMala p 249" /> his trilogy of albums with classical violinist [[Yehudi Menuhin]].<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 63.</ref><ref name="Massey/Shankar obit">Reginald Massey, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/12/ravi-shankar-dies "Ravi Shankar obituary"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 12 December 2012 (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> Shankar describes the session for "West Eats Meat" as the first time he ever played sitar with a [[jazz]] bassist – in this instance, [[Patrick O'Hearn]].<ref name="InCelebration credits" /> Produced by Baumann at The Enterprise in [[Burbank, California]],<ref name="TanaMana credits">Album credits, ''Tana Mana'' CD ([[Private Music]], 1987; produced by Ravi Shankar, Frank Serafine & Peter Baumann).</ref> the session included contributions from Lakshmi, Khan and former Shankar student<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 294, 323, 425.</ref> [[Harihar Rao]] (on percussion), and tabla player [[Kumar Bose]].<ref name="InCelebration credits" /> Like Chaudhuri, Bose had become one of Shankar's preferred accompanists on tabla,<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 246–47.</ref> following the end of the sitarist's 33-year partnership with [[Alla Rakha]] in 1985.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 105, 106–07.</ref>

Other Western musicians who contributed to the album include [[Al Kooper]], on electric guitar, and [[Ric Parnell]], playing [[electronic drum]]s.<ref name="TanaMana credits" /> In both his autobiography and the comments included with ''In Celebration'', Shankar refers to ''Tana Mana'' as having been an enjoyable album to make.<ref name="InCelebration credits" /><ref name="RagaMala p 249" /> The title track was "one of my favourite numbers", he writes – a musical tribute to his mother,<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248–49.</ref> who died in 1936 while Shankar was in Paris with his brother [[Uday Shankar|Uday]]'s dance company.<ref>Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 80, 82.</ref><ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 50, 51.</ref> In his 1995 comments on "Tana Mana", Shankar writes: "I lost my sweet mother at an early age, but I clearly remember her singing to me. I dedicate this song to her beautiful spirit."<ref name="InCelebration credits" /> The title translates to mean "body and mind".<ref name="TanaMana credits" /> Another track, "Memory of Uday", is dedicated to Uday Shankar, who died in Calcutta in 1977.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 232.</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Release==
Baumann announced that Private Music had recently signed Shankar as a recording artist in October 1986, adding: "He'll be working a lot with synthesizers – it won't be your typically classical kind of Indian record."<ref>Ed Ochs (special issues ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=qSQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Ravi+Shankar&pg=RA1-PA40 "Commitment Takes Quantum Leap in '86: Major Labels Move Quickly To Mine Musical Motherlode"], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 25 October 1986, p. N-22 (retrieved 28 August 2015).</ref> Private Music released ''Tana Mana'' in June 1987,<ref>Harry, p. 365.</ref> with the album credited to "the Ravi Shankar Project".<ref name="TanaMana credits" /><ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Ravi-Shankar-Project-The-Tana-Mana/release/1060732 "The Ravi Shankar Project – Tana Mana (CD, Album)"], [[Discogs]] (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> Shankar attributed its eventual release, four years after conception, to the advent of [[new-age music]],<ref name="RagaMala p 249" /> a genre that Baumann's record label did much to promote.<ref name="Baumann bio/AM" /> The photograph used on the album cover was taken by Chris Newbert in Hawaii;<ref name="TanaMana credits" /> it was one of Shankar's favourite cover designs among all his releases.<ref name="RagaMala p 249" /> He describes it in ''Raga Mala'' as "a photograph of what looks like an exotic tree but is actually an underwater coral plant".<ref name="RagaMala p 249" />

The association with Baumann led to two other Shankar releases on Private Music:<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 136.</ref> ''Inside the Kremlin'' (1989) and ''[[Passages (Ravi Shankar and Philip Glass album)|Passages]]'' (1990),<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 249–50.</ref> the latter a collaboration with American composer [[Philip Glass]].<ref name="Fricke/RS">David Fricke, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121216032043/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/from-monterey-pop-to-carnegie-hall-the-best-recordings-of-ravi-shankar-20121213 "From Monterey Pop to Carnegie Hall: The Best Recordings of Ravi Shankar"], [[Rolling Stone (magazine)|rollingstone.com]], 13 December 2012 (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> "Tana Mana", "Friar Park" and "West Eats Meat" later appeared on ''In Celebration'' (1996),<ref>Bruce Eder, [http://www.allmusic.com/album/shankar-in-celebration-mw0000179804 "Ravi Shankar ''In Celebration''"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 8 August 2014).</ref> which Harrison compiled<ref>Clayson, p. 436.</ref> to celebrate Shankar's 75th birthday.<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 197.</ref> The same three tracks, together with "Reunion", were included on the 2001 album ''Bridges'',<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/album/bridges-best-of-private-music-recordings-mw0000003135 "Ravi Shankar ''Bridges: Best of Private Music Recordings''"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 30 August 2015).</ref> a compilation spanning Shankar's years on Private Music.<ref>Richard B. Henderson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BhQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Tana+Mana%22&pg=PA19 "Reviews & Previews" > "World Music"], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 19 May 2001, p. 19 (retrieved 30 August 2015).</ref>

==Reception and legacy==
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="Greenberg/AM" />
| rev2 =''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
| rev2Score = {{Rating|2|5}}<ref>Larkin, p. 2774.</ref>
|rev3 = [[Music Story]]
|rev3score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="Larrède/MusicStory" />
|rev5 = ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]''
|rev5score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name="Lewis/Uncut">John Lewis, "Miscellany: My sitar's quantum leaps", ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut Ultimate Music Guide: George Harrison]]'', TI Media (London, 2018), p. 117.</ref>
}}
[[AllMusic]] critic Adam Greenberg writes of ''Tana Mana'': "The reverberant quality of the sitar combines rather well with the chosen electronic accompaniments to form a set of coherent songs, unlike many other such attempted combinations of traditional instruments and technology. The sitar playing is, as usual, superb ... With an extra sarod thrown in, a small front line of synthesizers, and Shankar's friend George Harrison assisting on the [[autoharp]], the pile of musicality that forms allows an unexpectedly coherent, clear, and relatively focused piece of music to emerge."<ref name="Greenberg/AM">Adam Greenberg, [http://www.allmusic.com/album/tana-mana-mw0000191804 "Ravi Shankar ''Tana Mana''"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref>

Writing for the French website [[Music Story]], Christian Larrède describes ''Tana Mana'' as "a very good record". While acknowledging the "risky" experimentation on Shankar's part, Larrède concludes that he "succeeds brilliantly here to spawn [traditional Indian music] with other musical cultures without alienating his knowledge, or selling his soul to the devil of commerce".<ref name="Larrède/MusicStory">Christian Larrède, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141129053026/http://www.music-story.com/ravi-shankar/tana-mana/critique "Critique de ''Tana Mana'', Ravi Shankar" (''in French'')], [[Music Story]] (archived version from 29 November 2014, retrieved 29 December 2016).</ref> Anastasia Tsioulcas of [[NPR Music]] includes "West Eats Meat" in her list of Shankar's five "essential" recordings, and admires it as a "playful track" with its title "a sly nod" to the Menuhin collaborations.<ref>Anastasia Tsioulcas, [https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2012/12/12/167056814/5-essential-ravi-shankar-recordings-from-west-meets-east-to-west-eats-meat "5 Essential Ravi Shankar Recordings, From 'West Meets East' To 'West Eats Meat'"], [[NPR Music]], 12 December 2012 (retrieved 22 August 2015).</ref> John Lewis of ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'' highlights "Friar Park" as "a lovely piece of fusion" that includes [[tuned percussion]] in the style of [[Steve Reich]] and other "sensitive" accompaniment and production from Harrison as a complement to Shankar's sped-up sitar part.<ref name="Lewis/Uncut" />

In a 2010 article on Shankar, music website Shakenstir described ''Tana Mana'' as having "brought Mr. Shankar's music into the 'New age' with its unique method of combining traditional instruments with electronics".<ref>[http://www.shakenstir.co.uk/index.php/features/ravi-shankar-90th-birthday-celebration/features/16161/ "Ravi Shankar 90th Birthday Tribute"], shakenstir.co.uk, April 2010 (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> The article quoted a 2007 interview<ref>[http://www.ravishankar.org/reflections.html "Excerpts from a conversation between Raviji and Satish and Shashi Vyas, June 2007"], The Ravi Shankar Foundation (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref> in which Shankar defended his association with Western artists such as Menuhin, Harrison, Glass and [[John Coltrane]] against criticism from [[Indian classical music]] purists: "Yes, I performed with Yehudi Menuhin, composed 2 concertos (in the process of writing my third) experimented with jazz, far eastern music, Philip Glass, ballet, orchestration film music, music theatre and so much more – from 1945 ... If you listen to my CD "Tana Mana", I have worked with electronic music 25 years ago. But I did all this without compromising on the solid foundation of our classical music ..."<ref>[http://www.shakenstir.co.uk/index.php/features/ravi-shankar-90th-birthday-celebration/features/16161/2/ "Ravi Shankar 90th Birthday Tribute (page 2)"], shakenstir.co.uk, April 2010 (retrieved 27 December 2013).</ref>

==Track listing==
All songs by Ravi Shankar.

;Side one
{{ordered list
| "Chase" – 2:18
| "Tana Mana" – 3:38
| "Village Dance" – 4:04
| "Seven and 10½" – 3:43
| "Friar Park" – 5:54
}}
;Side two
{{ordered list|start=6
| "Romantic Voyage" – 3:27
| "Memory of Uday" – 3:57
| "West Eats Meat" – 6:08
| "Reunion" – 4:15
| "Supplication" – 3:15
}}

==Personnel==
* [[Ravi Shankar]] – vocals, [[synthesizer]], [[sitar]], [[surbahar]], musical arrangements
* [[Frank Serafine]] – synthesizer, musical effects
* [[Lakshmi Shankar]] – vocals, backing vocals
* [[Shubhendra Shankar|Shubho Shankar]] – sitar, backing vocals
* [[Aashish Khan|Ashish Khan]] – [[sarod]]
* [[George Harrison]] – [[autoharp]], synthesizer, backing vocals
* [[Swapan Chaudhuri]] – [[tabla]]
* [[Kumar Bose]] – tabla, [[Duggi (drum)|duggi]]
* [[Harihar Rao]] – percussion, [[Gubguba|gubgubbi]]
* Prodyot Sen – [[Tanpura (instrument)|tamboura]]
* [[Ray Cooper]] – [[marimba]]
* Markandeya Mishra – tabla
* [[Patrick O'Hearn]] – bass
* [[Al Kooper]] – electric guitar
* [[Ric Parnell]] – [[electronic drum]]s

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* Alan Clayson, ''George Harrison'', Sanctuary (London, 2003; {{ISBN|1-86074-489-3}}).
* Bill Harry, ''The George Harrison Encyclopedia'', Virgin Books (London, 2003; {{ISBN|978-0-7535-0822-0}}).
* Colin Larkin, ''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music'' (5th edn), Omnibus Press (London, 2011; {{ISBN|978-0-85712-595-8}}).
* Peter Lavezzoli, ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}).
* Ravi Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', Mandala Publishing (San Rafael, CA, 2007; {{ISBN|978-1-60109-005-8}}).
* Ravi Shankar, ''Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar'', Welcome Rain (New York, NY, 1999; {{ISBN|1-56649-104-5}}).
* ''World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific)'', Rough Guides/Penguin (London, 2000; {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}).
{{refend}}

{{Ravi Shankar}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1987 albums]]
[[Category:Ravi Shankar albums]]
[[Category:Private Music albums]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at FPSHOT]]

ProSport Fitness & Services

2022-11-26T23:08:34Z

ArryArrd: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Zaheer Khan#ProSport Fitness & Services]] {{R from merge}} {{R to section}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ProSport Fitness and Services}}