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City Palace, Udaipur

2026-05-07T23:33:42Z

Arpan1314: new the place w/ sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = City Palace, Udaipur
| image = Udaipur City Palace.jpg
| caption = Exterior of the palace in 2006
| location_town = [[Udaipur]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.576|73.683|region:IN-RJ|display=inline}}
| completion_date = 16th century
| architect =
| owner = [[Maharana of Mewar Charitable Foundation|The Maharana Of Mewar Charitable Foundation (MMCF)]]

[[HRH Group of Hotels|HRH Group of Hotels Pvt. Ltd.]]

[[Lakshyaraj Singh Mewar]](in possession)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/india/udaipur-city-palace-clash-which-are-the-3-key-properties-behind-royal-family-dispute-9135648.html|title=Udaipur City Palace Clash: Which Are The 3 Key Properties Behind Royal Family Dispute?|website=News18}}</ref> and [[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar]](claimant)<ref name="auto"/>
| cost =
| pushpin_map = Rajasthan
| structural_system = Marble and masonry
| construction_start_date = 1559
| demolished_date =
| architectural_style = [[Rajput]] [[Architecture]]
| size =
}}
[[File:Udaipur-City Palace.jpg|thumb|right|Full view of the City Palace complex]]
'''City Palace (Raj Mahal), Udaipur''' is a palace complex situated in the city of [[Udaipur]] in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. It was built over a period of nearly 400 years, with contributions from several rulers of the [[Mewar]] dynasty. Its construction began in 1553, started by [[Maharana]] [[Udai Singh II]] of the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]] [[Rajput]] family as he shifted his capital from the erstwhile [[Chittaurgarh|Chittor]] to the newfound city of Udaipur.<ref name="UDAIPUR 2014">UDAIPUR: Since 1553 CE!-Its Founding & a Concise Photo Fact-File. Ranawat, P. S., 2014. {{ISBN|978-81-929881-0-8}}. Kumbha Exclusives, India.</ref> The palace is located on the east bank of [[Lake Pichola]] and has several palaces built within its complex.<ref name=Brown>{{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Lindsay|author2=Amelia Thomas|title= Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra|work=City Palace and Museums|page=244|access-date=2009-12-13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&pg=PA244|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2008|isbn=978-1-74104-690-8}}</ref><ref name=George>{{Cite book|last=George|first=Michell|author2=Antoni Martinelli|title=The Royal Palaces of India|work=City Palace Udaipur|pages=[https://archive.org/details/royalpalacesofin0000mich/page/130 130–135]|publisher=Thames and Hudson Ltd|location=London|year=1994|isbn=978-0-500-34127-8|url=https://archive.org/details/royalpalacesofin0000mich/page/130}}</ref><ref name=Henderson>{{Cite book|last=Henderson|first=Carol E|author2=Maxine K. Weisgrau|title= Raj rhapsodies: tourism, heritage and the seduction of history|work= The City palace|pages=93, 95–96|access-date=2009-12-13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ozNAdqKfHwC&pg=PA94|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|year= 2007|isbn=978-0-7546-7067-4}}</ref><ref name=udai>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajasthanholiday.com/india/udaipur/history-of-udaipur.html|title=History of Udaipur|access-date=2009-12-10|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182610/http://www.rajasthanholiday.com/india/udaipur/history-of-udaipur.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=tour>{{Cite web|url=http://www.udaipur.org.uk/tourist-attractions/citypalace.html|title=City Palace, Udaipur|access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref>

The City Palace in Udaipur was built in a flamboyant style and is considered the largest of its type in the state of Rajasthan. It was built atop a hill, in a fusion of the [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajasthani]] [[Rajput architecture]] providing a panoramic view of the city and its surroundings. Overlooking Lake Pichola, several historic monuments like the [[Lake Palace]], [[Jag Mandir]], [[Jagdish Temple, Udaipur|Jagdish Temple]], [[Monsoon Palace]], and Neemach Mata temple, are all in the vicinity of the palace complex. Nestled within the [[Aravalli Range|Aravali mountain range]], these landmarks are also associated with popular culture.

==History==
The City Palace was built concurrently with the establishment of the [[Udaipur]] city by Maharana Udai Singh II and his successor Maharanas over a period of the next 400 years. The Maharanas lived and administered their kingdom from this palace, thereby making the palace complex an important historic landmark.<ref name=Abram>{{Cite book|last=Abram|first=David|title= Rough guide to India|work=Udaipur, History, City Palace|pages=226–228, 233|access-date=2009-12-13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&q=City+Palace%2C+Udaipur&pg=PA229|publisher= Rough Guides|year=2003|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3}}</ref><ref name= Choy>{{Cite book|last=Choy|first= Monique|author2=Sarina Singh|title= Rajasthan|work=Udaipur|pages=235|access-date=2009-12-15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mgWtb27t3AC&q=Udaipur+History&pg=PA235|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2002|isbn=978-1-74059-363-2}}</ref>

The Mewar kingdom was flourished initially in Nagda ({{convert|30|km|mi}} to the north of Udaipur), established in 568 AD by Guhil, the first Maharana of Mewar. In the 8th century, the capital was moved to [[Chittorgarh Fort|Chittor]], a hilltop fort from where the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]]s ruled for 800 years. Maharana Udai Singh II inherited the Mewar kingdom at Chittor in 1537 but by that time there were signs of losing control of the fort in wars with the [[Mughals]]. Udai Singh II, therefore, chose the site near Lake Pichola for his new kingdom as the location was well protected on all sides by forests, lakes and the Aravalli hills. He had chosen this site for his new capital, much before the sacking of Chittor by [[Emperor Akbar]], on the advice of a hermit he had met during one of his hunting expeditions.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

The earliest royal structure he built here was the Royal courtyard or 'Rai Angan',<ref name="Henderson p. 95">Henderson p. 95</ref><ref name=Singh/><ref name="Ward p.195">Ward p.195</ref> which was the beginning of the building of the City Palace complex. The court was built at the location where the hermit had advised Maharana to build his new capital.<ref name= Choy/><ref name="Henderson p. 95"/><ref name=Singh/><ref name="Ward p.195"/><ref name= "Choy p.241">Choy p.241</ref>

After Udai Singh's death in 1572, his son [[Maharana Pratap]] took the reins of power at Udaipur. Later, in the famous Battle of Haldighati, which ended in stalemate against the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the year 1576. After the death of Maharana Pratap, [[Amar Singh I]] took the reins of power at Udaipur.

But with the increasing [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] attacks by 1761, Udaipur and the Mewar state were in dire straits and in ruins. By 1818, [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Maharana Bhim Singh]] signed a treaty with the [[United Kingdom|British]] accepting their protection against the other empires. After the Indian independence in 1947, the Mewar Kingdom, along with other princely states of Rajasthan, merged with the democratic [[India]], in 1949. The Mewar Kings subsequently also lost their special royal privileges and titles. The successive Maharanas, however, retained their ownership of the palaces in Udaipur and converted parts of the palace complex into heritage hotels.

In November 2024, clashes broke out outside the palace after [[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar]],The ceremonially anointed 77th Maharana of Mewar on 25 November 2024 at chittorgarh fort after the death of his father Mahendra Singh Mewar, was prevented from entering the complex by his estranged uncle, [[Arvind Singh Mewar]], who manages the trust running the estate.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian rival royal factions clash outside palace |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241126-indian-rival-royal-factions-clash-outside-palace |work=France 24|date=26 November 2024}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{See also|Rajput architecture}}
[[Image:City Palace Udaipur Front.jpg|thumb|center|500px|The facade of Udaipur City Palace]]
[[File:Udaipur palace night.jpg|right|thumb|Panoramic view of the Udaipur City Palace Complex at night]]
The series of palaces in the city palace complex, behind an exquisite facade of {{convert|244|m|ft}} length and {{convert|30.4|m|ft}} height, were built on a ridge on the east of lake Pichola. The complex is located in Udaipur city at {{Coord|24.576|N|73.68|E}}, which is set with an average elevation of {{convert|598|m|ft}}.<ref name=weather>{{Cite web|url=http://www.udaipur.org.uk/udaipur-climate.html|title=Udaipur Weather|access-date=2009-12-15}}</ref> They were built over a long period, from 1559 onwards, by 22 generations of Sisodia Rajputs. Several Maharanas starting with Udai Singh II, have contributed to this edifice, which comprises an agglomeration of structures, including 11 small separate palaces. The unique aspect of this conglomeration is that the architectural design is distinctly homogeneous. The palace complex has been built entirely in granite and marble. The interiors of the palace complex with its balconies, towers and cupolas exhibit delicate mirror-work, marble-work, murals, wall paintings, silver-work, inlay-work and leftover of colored glass. The complex provides a view of the lake and the Udaipur city from its upper terraces.<ref name=Brown/><ref name=George/><ref name=udai/><ref name=tour/><ref name="Henderson p. 95"/><ref name=Singh>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|title=India|work=City Palace and Museum|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1/page/191 191]–192|access-date=2009-12-13|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1|url-access=registration|quote=City Palace, Udaipur.|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2005|isbn=978-1-74059-694-7}}</ref><ref name="Ward p.195"/><ref name=city>{{Cite web|url=http://www.udaipur.org.uk/tourist-attractions/citypalace.html|title=City Palace, Udaipur|access-date=2009-12-14}}</ref>

The palaces within the complex are interlinked through a number of chowks or quadrangles with zigzag corridors, planned in this fashion to avoid surprise attacks by enemies. Erected in the complex, after entering through the main Tripolia (triple) gate, are the Suraj Gokhda (public address facade), the Mor-chowk ([[Peacock]] courtyard), the Dilkhush Mahal (heart's delight), the Surya Chopar, the Sheesh Mahal (Palace of glass and mirrors), the Moti Mahal (Palace of Pearls), the Krishna Vilas (named after Lord Krishna), [[Shambhu Niwas|Shambu Niwas]] (royal residence now), the Bhim Vilas, the Amar Vilas (with a raised garden) that faces the Badi Mahal (the big palace), the Fateprakash Palace and the [[Shiv Niwas Palace]]; the last two have been converted into heritage hotels. The complex is set with facilities of a post office, bank, travel agency, numerous craft shops and also an Indian boutique belonging to the [[World Wildlife Fund]] (WWF). The entire complex is the property of the Mewar royal family with various trusts maintaining the structures.

==Structures within the complex==
;Gateways
{{multiple image
| footer = Entrance gateway Badi Pol (left) to City Palace, Tripolia (Triple) Gate (centre), Hathi Pol (Elephant Gate) (right)
| width = 140
| image1 = View of the City Palace, with entrance gateway in the foreground, Udaipur.jpg
| alt1 =
| image2 = Palace and Triple Gate, -Udaipur-.jpg
| alt2 =
| image3 = Front view of the Hathi Pol, Udaipur.jpg
| alt3 =
}}
Gateways, colloquially called ''Pols'', are set to the east of Udaipur city. A number of such gateways provide access to the palace complex.

The main entry from the city is through the 'Badi Pol' (Great Gate), which leads to the first courtyard. Badi Pol (built in 1600) leads to the ‘Tripolia Pol', a triple-arched gate built in 1725, which provides the northern entry. The road between this gate and the palace is lined with shops and kiosks owned by craftsmen, book-binders, miniature painters and textile dealers. Between these two gates, eight marble arches or ''Toranas'' are erected. It is said that the Maharanas used to be weighed here with gold and silver, which was then distributed among the local people. Following the Tripolia gate is an arena in front of the Toran Pol and the facade palace, the Manak Chowk, where elephant fights were staged in the past to test their prowess before starting on war campaigns.<ref name=tour/><ref name=Abram/><ref name=Singh/><ref name="Henderson p. 95-96">Henderson p. 95-96</ref>

The main block of the city palace is approached through a modest door from the Ganesha Deodhi terrace. The door is flanked by whitewashed walls vibrantly painted with martial animals in the traditional Rajput style. There is a big boulders in the entry where elephants were tied. This elephant parking has now become car parking.

Behind the entrance of Badi Pol there is a huge wall which was for the elephant fight. The elephant which touches the wall first would be considered weak elephant. Both elephants would pull each other in this fight.<ref name=George/>

;Amar Vilas
Amar Vilas is the uppermost court inside the complex, which is an elevated garden. It provides entry to the Badi Mahal. It was built in Mughal style as a pleasure pavilion. It has cusped arcades enclosing a square marble tub.<ref name=George/> Amar Vilas is the highest point of the City Palace and has wonderful hanging gardens with fountains, towers, and terraces.<ref name=tour/>

;Badi Mahal
[[File:The Badi Mahal, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Badi Mahal]]
Badi Mahal (Great Palace) also known as Garden Palace is the central palace situated on a {{convert|27|m|ft}} high natural rock formation bis-a-bis the rest of the palace. The rooms on the ground floor appear to be at the level of the fourth floor in view of the height difference to its surrounding buildings. There is a swimming pool here, which was then used for [[Holi]] festival (festival of colors) celebration. In an adjoining hall, miniature paintings of 18th and 19th centuries are displayed. In addition, wall paintings of Jag Mandir (as it appeared in the 18th century), [[Vishnu]] of Jagdish temple, the very courtyard and an elephant fight scene are depicted.<ref name=tour/><ref name=Ward>{{Cite book|last=Ward|first=Philip|title= Northern India, Rajasthan, Agra, Delhi: a travel guidework= City Palace, Udaipur|pages=193–195, 197–198|access-date=2009-12-13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KubCD2jHjEsC&q=City+Palace%2C+Udaipur&pg=PA194|publisher= Pelican Publishing Company|year=1989|isbn=978-0-88289-753-0}}</ref>

[[File:Palace, Udaipur.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Elephants fights arranged in this venue]]

;Bhim Vilas
Bhim Vilas has a gallery of a collection of miniature paintings that depict the real-life stories of [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]].<ref name=tour/>

;Chini Chitrashala
Chini Chitrashala ([[Chinese art]] place) depicts [[China|Chinese]] and [[Netherlands|Dutch]] ornamental tiles.<ref name=tour/>

;Choti Chitrashali
Choti Chitrashali or 'Residence of Little Pictures', built in the early 19th century, has pictures of peacocks.<ref name="Henderson p. 95"/>

;Dilkhusha Mahal
Dilkhusha Mahal or ‘Palace of Joy’ was built in 1620.<ref name="Henderson p. 95"/>

;Durbar Hall
[[Durbar Hall]] was built in 1909 within the Fatehpraksh Palace as a venue for official functions such as State banquets and meetings. The gallery of the hall was used by the Royal ladies to observe the Durbar proceedings. This hall has a luxuriant interior with large chandeliers. Weapons of the maharanas and some of their portraits are depicted here. The foundation stone for this hall was laid by [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|Lord Minto]], the [[Viceroy of India]], in 1909, during the rule of [[Maharana Fateh Singh]] and was then called Minto Hall.<ref name=Singh/>

;Fateprakash Palace
Fateprakash Palace, which is now a luxury hotel, has a crystal gallery that consists of crystal chairs, dressing tables, sofas, tables, chairs and beds, crockery, table fountains which were never used. There is also a jewel studded carpet here. Maharana [[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]] had ordered these rare items in 1877 from F& C Osler & Co of [[London]] but he died before they arrived here. It is said that the packages containing these crystals remained unopened for 110 years.<ref name=Singh/>
[[File:Rai Angan or King's Porch, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Royal Angan the first structure built by Maharana uday Singh]]

;Krishna Vilas
Krishna Vilas is another chamber, which has a rich collection of miniature paintings that portray royal processions, festivals and games of the Maharanas.<ref name=tour/>

;Laxmi Vilas chowk
Laxmi Vilas Chowk is an art gallery with a distinctive collection of Mewar paintings.<ref name=tour/>

;Manak Mahal
The Manak Mahal approached from the Manak Chowk is an enclosure for formal audience for the Mewar rulers. It has a raised alcove inlaid completely in mirror glass. Sun-face emblems, in gleaming brass, religious insignia of the Sisodia dynasty are a recurring display at several locations in the City Palace with one being depicted on the façade of the Manak Chowk. The largest of such an emblem is also seen on the wall of the Surya Chopar, a reception centre at the lower level. Surya or Sun emblem of the Mewar dynasty depicts a [[Bhil]], the [[Sun]], [[Chittaurgarh Fort|Chittor Fort]] and a [[Rajput]] with an inscription in [[Sanskrit]] of a quotation from the [[Bhagavad Gita]] (Hindu holy scripture), which means "God Helps those who do their duty". It was customary for the Maharanas to offer obeisance to the Sun facing east, every morning before taking breakfast.<ref name=George/><ref name=tour/><ref name="Ward p.195"/>

;Mor Chowk
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = East range of the Mor Chowk, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg
| width1 = 120
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Pillared hall with glass and mirror mosaic decorations, in the Jalnavas or Fountain Palace, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg
| width2 = 170
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Left:Three peacocks in Mor Chowk wall. Right: Pillared hall with glass and mirror mosaic decorations
}}

Mor Chowk or Peacock square is integral to the inner courts of the palace. The elaborate design of this chamber consists of three peacocks (representing the three seasons of summer, winter, and monsoon) modeled in high relief and faced with coloured glass mosaic, built into successive niches in the wall area or [[jharoka]], These were built during Maharana Sajjan Singh's reign, 200 years after the palace was established. The peacocks have been crafted with 5000 pieces of glass, which shine in green, gold, and blue colours. The apartments in front of the Chowk are depicted with scenes of Hindu god [[Lord Krishna]]'s legends. At the upper level, there is a projecting balcony, which is flanked by inserts of coloured glass. In an adjoining chamber, called the Kanch-ki-Burj, mosaics of mirrors adorn the walls. The Badi Charur Chowk within this chowk is a smaller court for private use. Its screen wall has painted and inlaid compositions depicting [[Europe]]an men and [[Indian people|Indian]] women. Proceeding further from the Mor-Chowk, in the Zenana Mahal or women's quarters exquisitely designed alcoves, balconies, colored windows, tiled walls, and floors are seen.<ref name=George/><ref name=tour/>

;Rang Bhawan
Rang Bhawan is the palace that used to hold the royal treasure. There are temples of Lord Krishna, [[Meera Bai]] and [[Shiva]] located here.<ref name=tour/>

;Sheesh Mahal
The Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors) in the City Palace of Udaipur was likely constructed during the reign of Maharana Udai Singh II, who founded Udaipur in 1559. It was later enhanced by successive Maharanas over the centuries.

;Museum
In 1974, a part of the city palace and the 'Zenana Mahal' (Ladies Chamber) were converted into a museum. The museum is open for public.

==In popular culture==

The palace was picturised as a hotel in the 1983 [[James Bond]] film [[Octopussy]], where Bond (played by [[Roger Moore]]) stayed as he began his quest to apprehend the antagonist [[Kamal Khan (character)|Kamal Khan]] ([[Louis Jourdan]]).[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086034/locations Octopussy (1983) - Filming & production - IMDb]

A 1991 [[documentary film]] directed for television by [[Werner Herzog]] called ''[[Jag Mandir (film)|Jag Mandir]]'' consists of footage of an elaborate theatrical performance for the [[Maharana]] [[Arvind Singh Mewar]] at the City Palace staged by [[André Heller]].

The palace was used for filming part of [[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]] (English: A Play of Bullets: Ram-Leela) 2013 directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]. On 15 August 2018, [[India Post]] issued a [[commemorative stamp]] depicting the Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philamirror.info/2018/08/17/india-holiday-destinations-stamp-issue/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015215339/http://philamirror.info/2018/08/17/india-holiday-destinations-stamp-issue/|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2018|title=India: Holiday Destinations Stamp Issue - Phila-Mirror|date=15 October 2018}}</ref>

The palace area of Manak Chowk serves as the venue of the annual Maharana Mewar Foundation Awards, honouring students, national and international personalities.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Maharana Mewar Foundation Awards|access-date=2016-09-05|url=http://udaipurinsights.com/mmcf-annual-awards/}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Udaipur_City_Palace_at_Night.jpg| Night view of Udaipur city palace by lake Pichola, a view from Ambrai ghat.
File:Udaipur-citypalace.jpg|City Palace.
File:View across courtyards in the City Palace looking towards the Pichola Lake, with the Jag Niwas (Lake Palace) in the foreground, Udaipur.jpg|Palace View of courtyards towards Lake Pichola.
File:Exterior view of corner pavilions of the City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|Exterior view of corner of the palace.
File:Palace (Rear view), -Udaipur-.jpg|Rear View of the Palace.
File:Inside view of City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|Inside view of City Palace, Udaipur.
File:City Palace Udaipur Rajasthan.jpg|Rajasthani painting of Lord Ganesha, City Palace.
File:Udaipur 224.jpg|Royal Swing inside the Palace.
File:Udaipur 232.jpg|King's Lavatory.
File:City Palace Aerial View by Pranshu Dubey.jpg|Aerial Photography in India.
File:UdaipurCityPalacePicholaSide.jpg|Wide angle view of the City Palace from the backside, also showing Pichola Lake.
File:Udaipur_city_palace_01.JPG|Tripolia Gate from Badi Pol.
File:Udaipur-City_Palace-03-Palace_facade-20131013.jpg|City Palace facade from Manek Chowk.
File:Udaipur, India, Skyline of Udaipur with Udaipur Palace.jpg|Skyline of Udaipur with Udaipur Palace.
File:Udaipur, India, Intricate architecture of the Udaipur City Palace.jpg|A fusion of the Rajasthani and Mughal architectural styles.
File:Udaipur, India, Balconies at the Udaipur Palace.jpg|Balconies at the City Palace.
File:Udaipur, India, Interiors of the Udaipur Palace.jpg|Interiors.
Moti Chowk mjural - Udaipur City Palace.jpg|Mural at Moti Chowk - City Palace, Udaipur</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* ''The City Palace Museum, Udaipur: paintings of Mewar court life'', by Andrew Topsfield, Pankaj Shah, Government Museum, Udaipur. Mapin, 1990. ISBN
094414229X.

==References==
* {{Cite book|last=Abram|first=David|title= Rough guide to India|pages=1404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA229|publisher= Rough Guides|year=2003|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Arnett|first=Robert|title= India Unveiled|pages=216Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tmn91va2e4UC&pg=PT143|publisher= Atman Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-9652900-4-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Lindsay|author2=Amelia Thomas|title= Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra|pages=420|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&pg=PA244|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2008|isbn=978-1-74104-690-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Choy|first= Monique|author2=Sarina Singh|title= Rajasthan|pages=400|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mgWtb27t3AC&pg=PA235|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2002|isbn=978-1-74059-363-2}}
*{{Cite book|last=Henderson|first=Carol E|author2=Maxine K. Weisgrau|title= Raj rhapsodies: tourism, heritage and the seduction of history|pages=236|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ozNAdqKfHwC&pg=PA94|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|year= 2007|isbn=978-0-7546-7067-4}}
*{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|title=India|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1/page/1140 1140]|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1|url-access=registration|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2005|isbn=978-1-74059-694-7}}
*{{Cite book|last=Ward|first=Philip|title= Northern India, Rajasthan, Agra, Delhi: a travel guide|pages=240|publisher= Pelican Publishing Company|year=1989|isbn=978-0-88289-753-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141019120952/http://www.eternalmewar.in/museums/city-palace-museum/index.aspx The City Palace Museum-Eternal Mewar]
* [http://www.udaipurtalky.com/city-palace-udaipur/ City Palace Udaipur – Explore the Royal Landmark of Udaipur]
* [https://udaipurbox.com/city-palace-udaipur/ City Palace Udaipur – The Largest Royal Palace Of Rajasthan]

{{Udaipur}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Palaces in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Udaipur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Udaipur]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Museums in Udaipur]]
[[Category:Palaces in Udaipur]]

K. P. Singh (actor)

2026-05-07T18:02:06Z

Arpan1314: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Animal (2023 Indian film)]]

Kaij Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:28:32Z

Arpan1314: Starting Basic Post Initial Version!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kaij
| type = SLA
| map_image = 232-Kaij.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = Maharashtra
| district = [[Beed district|Beed]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed]]
| established = 1967
| constituency_no = 232
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Namita Mundada]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance = [[Maha Yuti]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors =387,944
}}
'''Kaij Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India.<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Kaij (constituency number 232) is one of the six Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Beed district]]. It covers the entire Kaij tehsil and parts of the Ambajogai and Beed tehsils of this district. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=270–1}}</ref>

Kaij is part of the [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed Lok Sabha constituency]] along with all other Vidhan Sabha segments in this district, namely [[Parli Assembly constituency|Parli]], [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon]], [[Georai Assembly constituency|Georai]], [[Beed Assembly constituency|Beed]] and [[Ashti Assembly constituency|Ashti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=278}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="2" | Ramlingswami Mahalingswami || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| Gaikwad Govindrao Keroji
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Govind Rao Gaikwad
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[Sundarrao Solanke]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Babu Rao Adaskar
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Satpute Bhagoji Nivruttirao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Gangadhar Nilkanth Swami || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Satpute Bhagoji Nivruttirao || {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan="5" | [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2012 elections in India#Maharashtra|2012 By-election]] || Pruthviraj Shivaji Sathe
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || Thombre Sangeeta Vijayprakash || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan="2" | [[Namita Mundada|Namita Akshay Mundada]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Namita Mundada|Namita Akshay Mundada]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 117,081 |percentage = 47.21% |change = {{decrease}}6.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pruthviraj Shivaji Sathe |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 114,394 |percentage = 46.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Bhagoji Thorat |party = Bahujan Maha Party |votes = 3,559 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaibhav Vivek Swami |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,007 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Raghunath Galphade |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,537 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 662 |percentage = 0.27% |change = {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,687 |percentage = 1.08% |change = {{decrease}}13.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 248,677 |percentage = 64.10% |change = {{increase}}0.72 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 248,015}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 387,944 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Namita Mundada|Namita Akshay Mundada]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 123,433 |percentage = 54.12% |change = {{increase}}4.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pruthviraj Shivaji Sathe |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 90,524 |percentage = 39.69% |change = {{increase}}9.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaibhav Vivek Swami |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 9,156 |percentage = 4.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,598 |percentage = 0.70% |change = {{increase}}0.10 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,909 |percentage = 14.43% |change = {{decrease}}5.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 229,692 |percentage = 63.38% |change = {{decrease}}3.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 228,075}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 362,430 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Thombre Sangeeta Vijayprakash |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 106,834 |percentage = 49.98% |change = {{increase}}6.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Namita Mundada|Namita Akshay Mundada]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 64,113 |percentage = 30.00% |change = {{decrease}}17.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anjali Ram Ghadge |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,011 |percentage = 10.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalpana Ramesh Narhire |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 8,466 |percentage = 3.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manik Bansi Admane |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,223 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Ingole Rajesh Madhukarrao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,617 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hajare Radhesh Goroba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,550 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,290 |percentage = 0.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 42,721 |percentage = 19.99% |change = {{increase}}15.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 215,165 |percentage = 66.48% |change = {{increase}}7.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 213,738}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 323,675 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}2.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2012 elections in India#Maharashtra|2012 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pruthviraj Shivaji Sathe |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 85,750 |percentage = 47.65% |change = {{decrease}}10.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. S. V. Prakash |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 77,444 |percentage = 43.04% |change = {{increase}}8.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. D. Kamble |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,281 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. R. Baliram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,880 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. A. Sopan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,742 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. G. Baliram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,738 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. U. Tulshiram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,721 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. B. Thorat |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,164 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,306 |percentage = 4.62% |change = {{decrease}}18.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 179,952 |percentage = 58.62% |change = {{decrease}}5.88 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 179,952}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 306,962 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 110,452 |percentage = 57.71% |change = {{increase}}2.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Netke Venkatrao Ramrao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 66,188 |percentage = 34.58% |change = {{decrease}}2.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wede Vijaykumar Rajaram |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,917 |percentage = 2.05% |change = {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagatkar Anant Shankarrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,099 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hajare Radhesh Goroba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,607 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tangade Balasaheb Sitaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,161 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 44,264 |percentage = 23.13% |change = {{increase}}5.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 191,405 |percentage = 64.50% |change = {{decrease}}6.47 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 191,392}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 296,749 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}2.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 86,720 |percentage = 54.73% |change = {{decrease}}10.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wadmare Chandrashekhar Vishnupant |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 59,380 |percentage = 37.48% |change = {{increase}}9.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Dnyaneshwar (Dnyanoba) Laxmanrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,256 |percentage = 2.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadge Ram Ganpatrao |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,785 |percentage = 1.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sawalkar Sambhaji Jyotiba |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 2,682 |percentage = 1.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hajare Radhesh Goroba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,628 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srilatari Mahendra Nikalje |party = Prabuddha Republican Party |votes = 989 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,340 |percentage = 17.26% |change = {{decrease}}19.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 158,441 |percentage = 70.97% |change = {{increase}}0.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 158,440}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,252 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 81,354 |percentage = 64.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shetty Devendra Purshottam |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,519 |percentage = 28.30% |change = {{decrease}}27.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wede Lankesh Govindrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 5,710 |percentage = 4.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganachari Sambhuling Shivling |party = Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes = 1,598 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bansode Ashok Ganpati |party = Independent politician |votes = 898 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 45,835 |percentage = 36.52% |change = {{increase}}5.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 133,662 |percentage = 70.02% |change = {{increase}}0.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,505}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 190,893 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,308 |percentage = 55.93% |change = {{increase}}20.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Satpute Bhagoji Nivruttirao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,978 |percentage = 24.74% |change = {{decrease}}1.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Shripatrao Kisan |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 6,553 |percentage = 5.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wadmare Chandrashekhar Vishnupant |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,977 |percentage = 4.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadge Shivaji Shankar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 2,252 |percentage = 1.74% |change = {{decrease}}2.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Ashok Suryabhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,960 |percentage = 1.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarwade Babasaheb Bhaguji |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,551 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Bansi Nagu |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,042 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 40,330 |percentage = 31.20% |change = {{increase}}22.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 132,982 |percentage = 69.22% |change = {{increase}}15.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 129,281}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,114 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}20.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vimal Mundada|Dr. Vimal Mundada]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,957 |percentage = 35.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaguji Niwarti Satpute |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,736 |percentage = 26.56% |change = {{decrease}}10.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mangesh Pralhadrao Ranjankar |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,260 |percentage = 15.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Shripati Kishanrao |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 12,365 |percentage = 12.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Bansi Nagu |party = Janata Dal |votes = 3,857 |percentage = 3.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Dyanoba Laxman |party = Akhil Bhartiya Maratha Mahasangh |votes = 1,418 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ere Maruti Nivrati |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 1,293 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadge Ram Ganpatrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 847 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,221 |percentage = 9.16% |change = {{decrease}}4.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 102,962 |percentage = 53.31% |change = {{increase}}7.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 100,668}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,153 |ref = |change = {{increase}}31.47 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{decrease}}14.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Satpute Bhagoji Nivruttirao |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 32,967 |percentage = 50.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagatkar Anant Shankarrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,096 |percentage = 36.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadge Ram Ganpatrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,576 |percentage = 3.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hajare (Guruji) Rambhau Vitihalrao |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,867 |percentage = 2.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parve (Pardhi) Vithal Piraji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,262 |percentage = 1.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swami Yogiraj Swami Manmath |party = Independent politician |votes = 944 |percentage = 1.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingle Dnyanoba Vyankoba |party = Independent politician |votes = 658 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Sambajirao Satwajjirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 550 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,871 |percentage = 13.53% |change = {{decrease}}28.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,051 |percentage = 45.64% |change = {{increase}}3.60 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,559}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,920 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.54 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{decrease}}4.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Nilkanth Swami |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 30,937 |percentage = 54.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veena Bansilal Khare |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 7,137 |percentage = 12.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagojirao Nivrtirao Satpute |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,344 |percentage = 9.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Shripatrao Kisan |party = Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 4,646 |percentage = 8.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Sambajirao Satwajjirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,229 |percentage = 5.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swami Yogiraj Manmath |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,446 |percentage = 2.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hazare Rambhu Vithalrao |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,278 |percentage = 2.25% |change = {{decrease}}11.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maske Laxmibai Baburao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,261 |percentage = 2.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,800 |percentage = 41.86% |change = {{increase}}29.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,525 |percentage = 42.04% |change = {{increase}}1.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,860}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,206 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.95 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}14.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Satpute Bhagoji Nivruttirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,010 |percentage = 39.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thorat Shanrao Laxmanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,154 |percentage = 27.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hazare Rambhu Vithalrao |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 6,363 |percentage = 13.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. T. Pradhan |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,819 |percentage = 10.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Sambajirao Satwajjirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,975 |percentage = 4.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sasane Bhagwan Gundaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,164 |percentage = 2.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tangde Sopan Kondibarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 657 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarvade Namdeo Waman |party = Independent politician |votes = 394 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,856 |percentage = 12.26% |change = {{decrease}}22.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,321 |percentage = 40.37% |change = {{decrease}}22.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,784}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,166 |ref = |change = {{increase}}31.02 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}27.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Babu Rao Adaskar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,416 |percentage = 67.59% |change = {{increase}}18.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapu Kaldate |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 18,417 |percentage = 32.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,999 |percentage = 35.19% |change = {{increase}}28.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,078 |percentage = 63.36% |change = {{increase}}8.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,833}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,240 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.09 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}18.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sundarrao Solanke]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,521 |percentage = 48.77% |change = {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. M. Burrande |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 16,703 |percentage = 41.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. V. Kakde |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,554 |percentage = 6.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Jamaluddin |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,247 |percentage = 3.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,818 |percentage = 7.04% |change = {{decrease}}31.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,755 |percentage = 54.95% |change = {{increase}}23.54 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,025}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,629 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Govind Rao Gaikwad |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,843 |percentage = 60.20% |change = {{increase}}11.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babu Rao Abarao |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,171 |percentage = 21.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rambhau Vithal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,556 |percentage = 12.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shelar Sukhdeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,104 |percentage = 5.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,672 |percentage = 39.00% |change = {{increase}}36.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 21,090 |percentage = 31.41% |change = {{decrease}}38.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 19,674}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,150 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}44.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}35.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramlingswami Mahalingswami |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,294 |percentage = 24.84% |change = {{decrease}}12.99 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Govindrao Keroji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,603 |percentage = 24.03% |change = {{decrease}}13.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wamanrao S/o Ramrao Deshmukh |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 19,326 |percentage = 22.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maske Babu S/o Abarao |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 17,392 |percentage = 20.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Zahir Ahmed S/o Bashir Ahmed |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,107 |percentage = 8.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,968 |percentage = 2.30% |change = {{decrease}}2.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,722 |percentage = 70.39% |change = {{increase}}27.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,722}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,785 |ref = |change = {{increase}}124.90 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kaij <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramlingswami Mahalingswami |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,698 |percentage = 37.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kashinath Sitaram |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 7,694 |percentage = 33.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tulsiramji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 6,602 |percentage = 28.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,004 |percentage = 4.37% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 22,994 |percentage = 42.46% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 22,994}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,151 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Beed district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|18.71|76.06|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Beed district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Salcete taluka

2026-05-05T14:20:15Z

Arpan1314: put up new info

{{Short description|Taluka in South Goa, India}}
{{Distinguish|Salsette Island}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salcete
| native_name = {{langx|kok|Saxtt}}
| other_name = {{langx|pt|Salçette}}
| settlement_type = [[Taluka]]
| image_skyline = File:Salcete_scenery.jpg
| image_alt = Idyllic scenery
| image_caption = Salcete countryside
| image_map = Salcete.png
| map_caption = Location of Salcete in [[South Goa district]] in Goa
| coordinates = {{Coord|15.212450|N|74.07323|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Margao]]
| parts_type = Settlements (as of 2011)
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 2 cities 11 towns 35 villages
| leader_title = Deputy Collector
| leader_name = Jyoti Kumari, IAS<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=https://southgoa.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |title=Who's Who | South Goa District | India |website=southgoa.nic.in |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325183859/https://southgoa.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |archive-date=25 March 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| population_total = 2,94,504
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_demonym = ''Saxtticar''/''Xaxtticar''
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituency]]
| leader_title3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_title4 = [[Tehsildar|Talukadar]]<ref name="web.archive.org"/>
| leader_name4 = Prataprao Gaunkar
| official_name =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="sal"/>
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#GA—Goa|GA]]-08
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 4036XX, 4037XX
}}

'''Salcete''' is a subdivision of the district of [[South Goa district|South Goa]] in the state of [[Goa]], situated by the west coast of [[India]].<ref name="Xax">{{cite news
|last = Sequeira
|first = Newton
|date = 21 December 2014
|title = The true soul of Goa's South
|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/The-true-soul-of-Goas-South/articleshow/45589608.cms
|work = [[The Times of India]]
|access-date = 16 April 2020
|archive-date = 8 December 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161208220344/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/The-true-soul-of-Goas-South/articleshow/45589608.cms
|url-status = live
}}</ref> The [[Sal River (India)|Sal River]] and its [[Backwater (river)|backwaters]] dominate the landscape of Salcete.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Nambirajan
| first = M.
| date = 2007
| title = Coastal Archaeology of Western India: With Special Reference to Goa
| page = 134
| publisher = Kaveri Books
| isbn = 9788174790798
}}
</ref> Historically, the sixty-six settlements south of the [[Zuari River]] formed the original Salcette territory.<ref>Rodrigues 1990, p. 231</ref> Salcete forms a part of the bigger [[Konkan]] region that stretches along the western shoreline of peninsular India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gram Panchayats in Goa: A Critical Study|last=Halarnakar|first=Tanaji D.|publisher=Rajhauns Vitaran|year=1990|page=48}}</ref>

In erstwhile [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Goa]], the Salcette ''[[concelho]]'' (county), located in the ''[[Velhas Conquistas]]'' (Old Conquests), was co-terminous with the undivided Salcette territory ([[Mormugao taluka|Mormugao]] and Salcete ''[[Tehsil|talukas]]'').<ref>{{cite book|title=Houses of Goa|last1=Pandit|first1=Heta|author-link1=Heta Pandit|last2=Mascarenhas|first2=Annabel|last3=Koshy|first3=Ashok|last4=Dalvi|first4=Sunita|date=1999|publisher=Architecture Autonomous|edition=2, illustrated|page=15}}</ref> In 1917, the ''concelho'' was bifurcated into the present-day ''talukas'' of Mormugao and Salcete.<ref name="mmg">
{{cite book
| last = Pinho
| first = Vasco
| date = 2007
| title = "Snapshots" of Indo-Portuguese history, Volume 1
| page = 122
}}
</ref> The contemporary Salcete ''taluka'' has been classified as a [[rural–urban fringe|rurban area]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/Exploring-Salcete-places-near-Margao/gs51976512.cms
| title = Exploring Salcete, places near Margao
| last = Deshpande
| first = Abhijeet
| website = [[Indiatimes.com]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 29 April 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429004553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/Exploring-Salcete-places-near-Margao/gs51976512.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[Margao]] serves as the administrative headquarters of both Salcete ''taluka'' and the South Goa district.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/travel-guide/margao-the-cultural-capital-of-goa/amp_guideshow/51893878.cms
| title = Margao, the cultural capital of Goa
| last = Deshpande
| first = Abhijeet
| website = [[Indiatimes.com]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 22 December 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181222111837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/travel-guide/margao-the-cultural-capital-of-goa/amp_guideshow/51893878.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
"Salcete" is the [[Portuguese Orthographic Reform of 1911|modern Portuguese spelling]] of the toponym, "Salcette" being now considered [[Archaism|archaic]] in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], but still enjoying use in English. This word, "Salcette", has been derived from {{Langx|gom|सासष्टी|translit=Sāsaṣṭī}}—a corruption of the {{Langx|sa|षट्षष्टि|lit=Sixty-six|translit=Ṣaṭṣaṣṭi}} {{efn|name=fn1}}.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Macdonell
| first = Arthur Anthony
| title = A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout
| location = [[London]]
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| date = 1929
| page = [https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?page=168&display=romutfdef 168]
}}
</ref> According to the [[Hindu mythology]] of the Konkan, the original sixty-six settlements of the Salcette territory were established by sixty-six [[Saraswat Brahmin]] clans who had emigrated here from [[North India]].<ref>
{{cite book
| last = De Souza
| first = Teotonio R.
| editor-last = De Souza
| editor-first = Teotonio R.
| title = Goa Through The Ages: An Economic History, Volume II, Issue VI
| series = Goa University Publication
| page = 6
| date = 1990
| publisher = Concept Publishing Company
| isbn = 9788170222590
}}
</ref> In Goan Konkani, the natives are referred to as ''Saxtticar'' or ''Xaxtticar''; {{lang|gom|साष्टीकार}}/{{lang|gom|षाष्टीकार}}; {{transliteration|gom|Sāṣṭīkār/Ṣāṣṭīkār}}.<ref name="Xax"/> The Salcete Konkani dialect of southern Goa known as "Saxtti" is notably different from the "Antruzi" ([[Ponda taluka|Ponda]]) and "Bardescari" ([[Bardez]]) dialects of northern Goa.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Fernandes
| first = Joaquim
| date = 15 February 2010
| title = Saxtti dialect draws the laughs on Konkani stage
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saxtti-dialect-draws-the-laughs-on-Konkani-stage/articleshow/5574578.cms
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| publisher = [[The Times Group]]
| access-date = 30 November 2019
| archive-date = 22 July 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160722122214/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saxtti-dialect-draws-the-laughs-on-Konkani-stage/articleshow/5574578.cms
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

== History ==
{{see also|Adil Shahi-Portuguese conflicts}}
King Viramarmadeva of the [[Kadamba dynasty]] issued a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate inscription]] in 1049 CE concerning a grant of a piece of land called ''Tudukapura'' in ''Kudtarika agrahara'' of ''Chhat sathi desha''. This inscription suggests that ''Chhat sathi'' refers to modern Salcete, known as "''Sāṣṭī''" in the local language.<ref>
Kadamb 2013, pp. 1–14
</ref>

== Salcette territory ==
=== Historical Salcette ===
The original sixty-six settlements of Salcette are as follows:<ref>Rodrigues 1990, p. 245</ref>

{{Div col|content=<ol start="1">
<li> Sernabatim </li>
<li> Vanelim </li>
<li> Colva </li>
<li> Seraulim </li>
<li> Gandaulim </li>
<li> Duncolim </li>
<li> Betalbatim </li>
<li> Nuvem </li>
<li> Calata </li>
<li> Gonsua </li>
<li> Majorda </li>
<li> Utorda </li>
<li> Nagoa </li>
<li> Verna </li>
<li> Loutulim </li>
<li> Camurlim </li>
<li> Ambora </li>
<li> Raia </li>
<li> Rachol </li>
<li> Curtorim </li>
<li> Nesai </li>
<li> Macasana </li>
<li> Guirdolim </li>
<li> Chandor </li>
<li> Cavorim </li>
<li> Paroda </li>
<li> Mulem </li>
<li> Sarzora </li>
<li> Talvorda </li>
<li> Veroda </li>
<li> Cuncolim </li>
<li> Betul </li>
<li> Velim </li>
<li> Ambelim</li>
<li> Assolna </li>
<li> Cavelossim </li>
<li> Chinchinim </li>
<li> Deussua </li>
<li> Carmona </li>
<li> [[Orlim, Goa|Orlim]] </li>
<li> Varca </li>
<li> Sirlim </li>
<li> Dramapur </li>
<li> Dicarpale </li>
<li> Davorlim </li>
<li> Aquem </li>
<li> Telaulim </li>
<li> Navelim </li>
<li> Margao </li>
<li> Benaulim </li>
<li> Adsuli </li>
<li> Cana </li>
<li> Mormugao </li>
<li> Vadem </li>
<li> Chicalim </li>
<li> Dabolim </li>
<li> Sancoale </li>
<li> Cortalim </li>
<li> Quelossim </li>
<li> Cuelim </li>
<li> Arossim </li>
<li> Cansaulim </li>
<li> Velsao </li>
<li> Pale </li>
<li> Issorcim </li>
<li> Chilcona </li>
</ol>|colwidth=20em}}

=== Contemporary Salcete ===
[[File:Rural Goa home environs.jpg|thumb|right|Environs typical of houses in rural Salcete]]
Salcete taluka comprises nine [[Comunidades of Goa|''comunidades'']]: Benaulim, Betalbatim, Colva, Curtorim, Loutolim, Margao, Nuvem, Raia, and Verna.

The sub-district consists of two cities, eleven towns, and thirty-five villages as per the [[2011 Census of India]].

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Salcete Taluka (Census 2011)<ref name="sal">{{Cite web
| last = Chandramouli
| first = C.
| date = 2015
| orig-year = 2010–11
| title = Salcete Taluka — South Goa
| work = Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
| publisher = [[Government of India]]
| agency = Census Organization of India
| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5616-salcete-south-goa-goa.html
| access-date = 12 December 2019
| archive-date = 15 December 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191215000709/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5616-salcete-south-goa-goa.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|-
!# !!Settlements !!Population
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Municipal Councils
|-
| 1. || [[Margao]] || 87,650
|-
| 2. || [[Cuncolim]] || 16,623
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Census Towns
|-
| 1. || [[Davorlim]] || 15,350
|-
| 2. || [[Curtorim]] || 12,886
|-
| 3. || [[Navelim]] || 12,323
|-
| 4. || [[Benaulim]] || 11,919
|-
| 5. || [[Raia, Goa|Raia]] || 10,706
|-
| 6. || [[São José de Areal]] || 10,229
|-
| 7. || [[Nuvem]] || 9,288
|-
| 8. || [[Chinchinim]] || 6,908
|-
| 9. || [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] || 6,632
|-
| 10. || [[Aquem]] || 6,511
|-
| 11. || [[Varca]] || 5,439
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Villages
|-
| 1. || Adsulim || 214
|-
| 2. || [[Ambelim, Goa|Ambelim]] || 2,853
|-
| 3. ||[[Assolna]]|| 3,410
|-
| 4. || Betalbatim || 3,551
|-
| 5. || Calata || 1,739
|-
| 6. ||[[Camurlim]]|| 2,247
|-
| 7. || Cana || 494
|-
| 8. ||[[Carmona, Goa|Carmona]]|| 3,864
|-
| 9. ||[[Cavelossim]]|| 1,955
|-
| 10. || Cavorim || 2,228
|-
| 11 ||[[Chandor]]|| 707
|-
| 12. ||[[Colva]]|| 3,141
|-
| 13. || Deussua || 1,479
|-
| 14. || Dicarpale || 3,057
|-
| 15. ||[[Dramapur]]|| 3,441
|-
| 16. || Duncolim || 748
|-
| 17. || Gandaulim || 438
|-
| 18. || Gonsua || 222
|-
| 19. || Guirdolim || 3,622
|-
| 20. ||[[Loutolim]]|| 6,121
|-
| 21. || Macasana || 1,972
|-
| 22. ||[[Majorda]]|| 2,813
|-
| 23. || Mulem || 2,799
|-
| 24. ||[[Nagoa]]|| 3,873
|-
| 25. || Orlim || 2,049
|-
| 26. || Paroda || 620
|-
| 27. ||[[Rachol]]|| 1,686
|-
| 28. ||[[Sarzora]]|| 2,270
|-
| 29. || Seraulim || 3,250
|-
| 30. || Sernabatim || 1,548
|-
| 31. || Sirlim || 845
|-
| 32. || Talaulim || 2,911
|-
| 33. || Utorda || 2,018
|-
| 34. || Vanelim || 1,860
|-
| 35. ||[[Velim, Goa|Velim]]|| 5,955
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|Total
|2,94,504
|}

== Demographics ==
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], Salcete had a population of 294,464 with sex ratio of 1025 females to 1000 males. Salcete Taluka has an average literacy rate of 89.34%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 92.63% and female literacy is 86.15%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 1.17% and 11.06% of the population respectively. 72.15% of the population lives in urban areas.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – South Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/370/download/1128/DH_2011_3002_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH_GOA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
| title = Religion in Salcete Taluka (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = left
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Goa|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|53.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Goa|Hinduism]]|darkorange|34.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|11.38}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.44}}
| caption =
}}

[[Christianity]] is followed by the majority of population of Salcete Taluka, and forms over 75% of the population in rural areas. [[Hindus]] form a significant minority. At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]] 53.57% of the population of the Taluka followed Christianity, 34.61% Hinduism, 11.38% Islam and 0.19% of the population followed other religions or did not state religion.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11372/download/14485/DDW30C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

===Languages===

Konkani is the most spoken language in Salcete taluka.

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Salcete Taluka (2011)<ref name="langs"/>
|label1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value1 = 71.73 |color1 = salmon
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 10.52 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 4.65 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Kannada]] |value4 = 3.82 |color4 = darkslateblue
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 3.20 |color5 = green
|label6 = Others |value6 = 6.08 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of 2011 Census of India, 71.73% of the population of Salcete Taluka spoke [[Konkani language|Konkani]], 10.52% [[Hindi]], 4.65% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 3.82% [[Kannada]] and 3.20% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="langs">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Goa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10202/download/13314/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist
|refs=
{{efn|name=fn1|
{{quote|Founded as they seem to be by immigrant Brahmins somewhere between the 4th and the 12th centuries of the present era ... Salcete is the Portuguese corruption of ''Sāsaṣṭi'', the sixty-six settlements which can also be traced in modern times.| Kosambi 1962, p. [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12695/page/n185 169]}}
}}
}}

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

=== References ===
*{{cite book
| last = Kadamb
| first = S. G.
| title = Sources of History of the Kadambas of Goa: Inscriptions
| date = 2013
| publisher = Broadway Publishing House
| isbn = 9789380837314
| pages = 1–14
| edition = First
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Kosambi
| first = Damodar Dharmanand
| title = Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture
| edition = reprint
| publisher = Popular Prakashan
| date = 1962
| isbn = 9788171548705
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Kusuman
| editor-first = K. K.
| date = 1990
| title = A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume
| last = Rodrigues
| first = L. A.
| chapter = The Peninsula of Salcete
| pages = 231–246
| publisher = Mittal Publications
| isbn = 9788170992141
}}

=== External links ===
{{commons category|Salcete}}
*[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/181-south-goa.html South Goa District : Census 2011 data]

{{Goa topics}}

[[Category:Talukas of Goa]]
[[Category:Geography of South Goa district]]

Badhnoo

2026-05-01T23:54:01Z

Arpan1314: made some info first draft.

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Badhnoo
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.5529|N|73.4635|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly Constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dungargarh Assembly constituency|Dungargarh]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 67.02
| population_total = 6846
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334202
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 January 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
'''Badhnoo''' is a village located in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil within the [[Bikaner district]] of [[Rajasthan|Rajasthan, India]].
Population of this village majorly rely on Agriculture, and also involves in other premises.

==Demographics==

As per 2011 Census, conducted by Government of India; population of this village is 6846, out of which 3618 is male population and 3228 is female population. There're total 888 houses in this village.
Literacy rate of this village is 52.72%.<ref>{{cite web |title= Census of Badhnoo village. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69590-badhnoo-rajasthan.html |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>

Village population follows [[Hinduism]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Badhnoo Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Badhnoo Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani Language|Rajsthani]] is the most spoken language here. The village administration follows [[Hindi Language|Hindi]] as their official language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Badhnoo village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97|value2=2.5|value3=0.50|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Badhnoo village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

PIN Code (Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 334202.<ref>{{cite news |title= PIN Code of Badhnoo Village |url=https://www.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/bikaner/badhnu-pincode-334202.html|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Voorhees College, Vellore

2026-04-28T16:04:13Z

Arpan1314: put up stub

{{Short description|College in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Voorhees College
| native_name = ஊரீசு கல்லூரி
| image_name = Voorhees College 2006 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = Nisi Dominus Frustra
| mottoeng = In vain without god
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1898}}
| type =
| affiliation = [[Thiruvalluvar University]], [[Vellore]]
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman = Rt. Rev. H. Sharma Nithyanandham
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| principal = Dr . J. Annie Kamala Florence
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Vellore]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|12|54|37.75|N|79|7|55.19|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| former_names = Arcot Mission College
| free_label =
| free =
| sports =
| colors =
| colours =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| athletics =
| religious_affiliation = The Church of South India – Diocese of Vellore
| website = http://www.voorheescollege.edu.in/
| logo = File:Voorhees_college_logo.png
| footnotes =
}}
'''Voorhees College''' is a [[college]] in [[Vellore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It was founded in 1898 as Arcot Mission College, when Arcot Mission High School was amalgamated to the [[University of Madras]]. The college is named after its benefactors, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph and Elizabeth Voorhees of the [[Reformed Church in America]].<ref name=Hope>{{cite book|last1=Hope College, Michigan|title=Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees|publisher=Hope College, Michigan|url=http://www.hope.edu/student/residential/oncamp/voorhees.pdf}}</ref> The College was earlier known as Ralph and Elizabeth Voorhees college when it was a Co-educational institution. In the late sixties towards the end of the tenure of Dr. A.N. Gopal, the then principal, the college stopped admitting women students and dropped the names Ralph and Elizabeth and became known as Voorhees College. The college began offering master's level courses in 1975. The College is managed by the Church of South India, Diocese of Vellore. The Chairman of the College is the Bishop of Vellore, and the motto is "In vain without God."

The college is affiliated to [[Thiruvalluvar University]], [[Vellore]] and it is accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]], with an A grade (2005).

==Notable alumni==

*[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] – former [[President of India]]
*[[Solomon Pappaiah]], professor - a PadmaShri awardee and a world famous Tamil Orator
*[[Aascar Ravichandran]], film producer
*[[M. C. Rajah]]
First dalit MP and MLA in India. also Professor of in this college

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.naac-india.com/Reports/Voorhees%20College,%20Vellore,%20TN.doc NAAC accreditation report]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050212124047/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/17/stories/2004121705210300.htm ''Voorhees College to seek autonomy'', The Hindu, 17 Dec 2004]
* [http://www.voorheescollege.edu.in/ Official website]

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Church of South India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Vellore district]]
[[Category:Reformed Church in America]]
[[Category:Education in Vellore]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1898]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]

{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}

Djongu Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T20:22:55Z

Arpan1314: new first entry needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| constituency_no = 30
| name = Djongu
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Pintso Namgyal Lepcha]]
|party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Sikkim]]
| district = [[Mangan district|Mangan]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
| established = 1979
| electors = 9,595<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219115258/https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2024 |title=Vidhan Sabha Elections Sikkim 2019 - Voters Turnout Statistical Data|website=ceosikkim.nic.in |publisher= CEO of Sikkim |access-date= 1 January 2021}}</ref> {{update after|2024|05}}
| reservation = BL
}}
'''Djongu Assembly constituency''' is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of [[Sikkim]], a north east state of [[India]]. This constituency falls under [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/sikkim/assembly-constituencies/djongu.html Djongu Assembly constituency Elections]</ref><ref>[http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/09_Delimitation%20act%2C%202002.pdf THE DELIMITATION ACT, 2002]</ref>

This constituency is reserved for members of the [[Bhutia-Lepcha]] community.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1979]] || [[Athup Lepcha]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Janata Parishad}}
|-
| [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=3 | Sonam Chyoda Lepcha || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=4 | [[Sonam Gyatso Lepcha]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad}}
|-
| [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan=2 |[[Pintso Namgyal Lepcha]]
|-
|[[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pintso Namgyal Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=6,402 |percentage=69.56% |change={{increase}}38.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Gyatso Lepcha |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=1,395 |percentage=15.16% |change={{decrease}}51.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jorbu Tshering Lepcha |party=Citizen Action Party – Sikkim |votes=1,190 |percentage=12.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Penzong Lepcha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=148 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=68 |percentage=0.74% |change={{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,007 |percentage=54.41% |change= {{increase}}19.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,203 |percentage=87.46% |change= {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,523 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.67 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106160313/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pintso Namgyal Lepcha |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,613 |percentage=66.17% |change={{increase}}2.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chungkipu Lepcha |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=2,612 |percentage=30.79% |change={{decrease}}2.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Penzong Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=119 |percentage=1.40% |change={{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Athup Lepcha]] |party=Hamro Sikkim Party |votes=88 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=51 |percentage=0.60% |change={{decrease}}0.60 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,001 |percentage=35.38% |change= {{increase}}5.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,483 |percentage=88.41% |change= {{decrease}}0.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,595 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}2.50 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sonam Gyatso Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=4,618 |percentage=63.67% |change={{decrease}}16.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dawa Tshering Lepcha |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=2,443 |percentage=33.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Penzong Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=105 |percentage=1.45% |change={{decrease}}12.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=87 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,175 |percentage=29.99% |change= {{decrease}}36.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,253 |percentage=88.81% |change= {{decrease}}0.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,167 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}16.30 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202702/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2014|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sonam Gyatso Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=4,756 |percentage=79.97% |change={{increase}}14.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Norden Tshering Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=819 |percentage=13.77% |change={{decrease}}20.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tseten Dorjee Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=372 |percentage=6.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,937 |percentage=66.20% |change= {{increase}}35.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,947 |percentage=89.79% |change= {{increase}}3.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,623 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006151710/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sonam Gyatso Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,344 |percentage=65.34% |change={{increase}}17.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,774 |percentage=34.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,570 |percentage=30.68% |change= {{increase}}26.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,118 |percentage=86.70% |change= {{increase}}1.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,903 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007144437/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sonam Gyatso Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=2,399 |percentage=51.66% |change={{increase}}12.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=2,228 |percentage=47.98% |change={{increase}}27.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=171 |percentage=3.68% |change= {{increase}}2.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,644 |percentage=86.40% |change= {{increase}}4.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,469 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007184813/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,550 |percentage=40.32% |change={{increase}}14.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Dorjee Lepcha |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,503 |percentage=39.10% |change={{decrease}}33.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chophel Lepcha |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=782 |percentage=20.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47 |percentage=1.22% |change= {{decrease}}46.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,844 |percentage=83.09% |change= {{increase}}3.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,761 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006145759/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=2,322 |percentage=73.02% |change={{increase}}10.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Athup Lepcha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=810 |percentage=25.47% |change={{decrease}}7.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuden Lepcha |party=Rising Sun Party |votes=48 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,512 |percentage=47.55% |change= {{increase}}17.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,180 |percentage=79.60% |change= {{increase}}12.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,102 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006223633/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,469 |percentage=62.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Athup Lepcha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=765 |percentage=32.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ongden Lepcha |party=Janata Party |votes=46 |percentage=1.97% |change={{decrease}}24.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nima Thomas Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=38 |percentage=1.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhuden Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=20 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=704 |percentage=30.11% |change= {{increase}}10.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,338 |percentage=66.84% |change= {{increase}}0.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,589 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Sikkim Janata Parishad |swing= {{increase}}17.04 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 1979 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Djongu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1979 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006104054/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Athup Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Janata Parishad |votes=865 |percentage=45.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kazi Lhendup Dorjee Kangsarpa |party=Janata Party |votes=503 |percentage=26.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pintook Lepcha |party=Sikkim Prajatantra Congress |votes=343 |percentage=18.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Chyoda Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=178 |percentage=9.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=362 |percentage=19.16% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,889 |percentage=68.16% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,921 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Janata Parishad |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Mangan district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}
{{coords|27.54|88.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Mangan district]]
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1979]]

Billal Miah

2026-04-19T00:06:45Z

Arpan1314: new basic pg first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Billal Miah
| image =
| caption =
| office = Former Minister of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura Pradesh Congress continued its protests against the farmer bill 2020. |url=https://tripuranewslive.com/2020/10/11/tripura-pradesh-congress-continued-its-protests-against-the-farmer-bill-2020/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=Tripura News Live |date=11 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227175042/https://tripuranewslive.com/2020/10/11/tripura-pradesh-congress-continued-its-protests-against-the-farmer-bill-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tripura Assembly since 1963 |url=http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231040820/http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| constituency = [[Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Boxanagar]]
| term_start = 1998
| predecessor = Sahil Chouwdhury
| term_end = 2003
| successor = Sahil Chouwdhury
| term_start1 = 1988
| predecessor1 = [[Arabar Rahman]]
| term_end1 = 1993
| successor1 = Sahil Chouwdhury
| office2 = President of [[Minority Morcha BJP, Tripura Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura BJP announces 18-member state committee ahead of 2024 LS polls |url=https://www.business-standard.com/politics/tripura-bjp-announces-18-member-state-committee-ahead-of-2024-ls-polls-123123000354_1.html|access-date=2 January 2024 |agency=Business Standard }}</ref>
| status = [[Incumbent]]
| term_start2 = Dec 2023
| term_end2 =
| office3 = Former Working President of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]]<ref name="uniindia.net">{{cite news |title=AICC appoints new president in Tripura |url=http://www.uniindia.net/~/aicc-appoints-new-president-in-tripura/States/news/2515928.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |agency=United News of India}}</ref>
| term_start3 = Sep 2021
| term_end3 = Aug 2023
| office4 = Chairman of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]] Minority Department<ref name="Zee News">{{cite news |title=Congress names new heads for minority departments of states |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/india/congress-names-new-heads-for-minority-departments-of-states_1513902.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Zee News |date=13 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
| term_start4 = Dec 2014
| term_end4 = Jan 2018
| office5 = President of [[Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress Committee]]<ref name="indiankanoon.org">{{cite web |title=Sri Billal Miah vs The Public Prosecutor |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/124923339/ |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="TPYC President">{{cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Dissolution of Congress' Tripura state unit sparks faction feuds |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/mar/05cong.htm |website=www.rediff.com |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
| term_start5 = 1994
| term_end5 = 2002
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|05|15|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = Politician
| parents = Maharam Ali (Father) Sahara Begam (Mother)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonia Gandhi's letter of condolence. |url=https://candidjourno.com/2022/02/16/rahul-gandhis-letter-of-condolence/ |website=Candid Journo |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
| spouse = Nasreen Sultana
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta University]] [[MBB College]] (B.A Political Science)
}}

'''Billal Miah''' (born 15 May 1963) is an Indian politician from [[Tripura]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura Pradesh Congress continued its protests against the farmer bill 2020. |url=https://tripuranewslive.com/2020/10/11/tripura-pradesh-congress-continued-its-protests-against-the-farmer-bill-2020/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=Tripura News Live |date=11 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227175042/https://tripuranewslive.com/2020/10/11/tripura-pradesh-congress-continued-its-protests-against-the-farmer-bill-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=EastMojo News |date=2019-01-05 |title=Tripura: High Court 'discharges' former MLA Billal Miah |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/01/05/tripura-high-court-discharges-former-mla-billal-miah/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=India TV News |title=Ex-Tripura CM, son figure in Congress list for Tripura assembly polls |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/ex-tripura-cm-son-congress-list-tripura-assembly-polls-7683.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=www.indiatvnews.com |date=12 January 2013 |language=en}}</ref> He is a former member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], having first been elected in the 1988 and 1998 elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tripura Assembly since 1963 |url=http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |website= |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231040820/http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the working President of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]]<ref name="uniindia.net">{{cite news |title=AICC appoints new president in Tripura |url=http://www.uniindia.net/~/aicc-appoints-new-president-in-tripura/States/news/2515928.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |agency=United News of India}}</ref> before leaving INC on 24th Aug 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2023-08-24 |title=Congress Working President and former Tripura minister Billal Mia joins BJP |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-working-president-and-former-tripura-minister-billal-mia-joins-bjp/articleshow/103030786.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-25 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> He was welcomed in BJP by Hon'ble CM Prof. Dr Manik Saha in Presence of Dr Mahesh Sharma, MP.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title=Tripura ex-minister Billal Miah joins BJP, says saffron party gives more space to Muslims than Cong |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tripura-billal-miah-joins-bjp-8908451/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Billal Miah was born on 15 May 1960 in Sonamura to Maharam Ali and Sahara Begam. He did his schooling from [[NCI Institution]], [[Sonamura]], [[Tripura]] in 1981 and joined, [[University of Calcutta]] for further studies. He did his graduation in 1985 in political science from MBB college. Billal Miah married Nasreen Sultana on 16 December 1991. They have a son, Sabbir Ahammed Belali, and a daughter, Nusrat Jahan Sultana.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title= BILLAL MIA(Criminal & Asset Declaration)|url=https://myneta.info/tripura2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5923 | access-date=27 February 2022|website=Myneta.info}}</ref>

==Political career==

Billal Miah entered politics in 1979, as NSUI General Secretary, [[Sonamura]] Sub division. He served as Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress President, Sonamura Sub Division in 1983, State Youth Congress secretary 1985. In 1988, from [[Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], Billa Miah was elected to the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="Tripura MLA 1988-1993">{{cite news |title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 1988 |url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/1988-election-results.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tripura Assembly since 1963 |url=http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |website= |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231040820/http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/assembly%20since%201963.pdf |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed Minister of State for Agriculture, Fishery and Animal Resources, Planning Coordination, Flood Control. In 1991 he was appointed Cabinet Minister for Animal Resources, Labour and Employment Statistics.

In 1998, he was again elected as MLA from [[Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Boxanagar]].<ref name="Tripura MLA 1998-2002">{{cite news |title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 1998 |url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/1998-election-results.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=www.elections.in}}</ref>

From 1998 to Aug 2023, the positions held by him in [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]] include:
* Working President of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress appoints new Tripura party President, 5 Working Presidents |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/National/2021/09/24222514/1319754/Congress-appoints-new-Tripura-party-President-5-Working-.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021104051/https://www.dtnext.in/News/National/2021/09/24222514/1319754/Congress-appoints-new-Tripura-party-President-5-Working-.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=dtNext.in |date=24 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Former President of [[Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress Committee]]<ref name="indiankanoon.org">{{cite web |title=Sri Billal Miah vs The Public Prosecutor |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/124923339/ |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="TPYC President">{{cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Dissolution of Congress' Tripura state unit sparks faction feuds |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/mar/05cong.htm |website=www.rediff.com |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
* Former [[General Secretary]] of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]]
* Former Vice President of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]]
* Former Chairman of [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]] Minority Department, 2014.<ref name="Zee News">{{cite news |title=Congress names new heads for minority departments of states |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/india/congress-names-new-heads-for-minority-departments-of-states_1513902.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Zee News |date=13 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
* Former Sonamura District Congress President,<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release INC |url=https://cdn.inc.in/press_releas/pdf_documents/000/003/127/original/Press_20Releae_20on_20Tripura_20PCC_2014-10-2016.pdf?1505905431 |website=cdn.inc.in |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227180546/https://cdn.inc.in/press_releas/pdf_documents/000/003/127/original/Press_20Releae_20on_20Tripura_20PCC_2014-10-2016.pdf?1505905431 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee]]
On 25th Aug 2023 he was welcomed in BJP by Hon'ble CM Prof. Dr Manik Saha in Presence of Dr Mahesh Sharma, MP.<ref name=":0" /> On 30th Dec 2023, he was appointed as the State President of Minority Morcha BJP, Tripura Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reshuffle in Tripura BJP: Mimi Majumder to lead Mahila Morcha, Sushanta Deb named youth wing president |url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/reshuffle-in-tripura-bjp-mimi-majumder-to-lead-mahila-morcha-sushanta-deb-named-youth-wing-president-13443.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=tripuratimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miah, Billal}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1988–1993]]
[[Category:People from Sipahijala district]]

National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film

2026-04-17T09:22:53Z

Arpan1314: done

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film
| subheader = National award for contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]]
| awarded_for = Best [[Hindi cinema|Hindi feature film]] of the year
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1954
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Hindi (1954–1968) National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi (1969–2021)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = ''[[Kathal (film)|Kathal]]'' (2023)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The [[National Film Awards]], established in 1954, are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the [[Indian cinema]]. The ceremony also presents awards for films in various [[Languages of India|regional languages]].

Awards for films in seven regional language ([[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) started from [[2nd National Film Awards]] which were presented on 21 December 1955.<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf|title=2nd National Film Awards|access-date=23 August 2011|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060207/http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Three awards of "President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film", "Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film" and "Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film" were instituted. The later two certificate awards were discontinued from [[15th National Film Awards]] (1967). [[Shyam Benegal]] won the award seven times (most by any director) followed by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] who won six times. Since the [[70th National Film Awards]], the name was changed to "Best Hindi Feature Film".<ref>{{cite web |author=Under Secretary to the Government of India |date=14 December 2023 |title=Report on Rationalization of Awards Conferred by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting |access-date=28 August 2024 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] |archive-date=27 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827201758/https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting |url-status=live }}</ref>

Directed by [[Sohrab Modi]], the 1954 film ''[[Mirza Ghalib (film)|Mirza Ghalib]]'' was honoured with the first president's silver medal for Best Feature Film in [[Hindi]]. The most recent recipient is [[Gulmohar (2023 film)|''Gulmohar'']]

==Winners==
Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable" style="background:#fff; width:40%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#efe4b0;"|Awards legends
|-
| style="background:#f4f4f4; width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
|{{small|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background:#efecd1; width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
|{{small|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background:#d6e0cc; width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
|{{small|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background:#e0eaea; width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
|{{small|Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background:#ebebe0; width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
|{{small|Indicates a joint award for that year}}
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
|-
! colspan="5" |List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), producer(s) and director(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#efe4b0; width:5%;"|Year
! scope="col" style="background:#efe4b0; width:22%;"|Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background:#efe4b0; width:20%;"|Producer(s)
! scope="col" style="background:#efe4b0; width:19%;"|Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background:#efe4b0; width:3%;" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[2nd National Film Awards|1954 {{small|(2nd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Mirza Ghalib (film)|Mirza Ghalib]]''
|Minerva Moviestone
|[[Sohrab Modi]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref name="2ndawardPDF"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Jagriti]]''
|[[Filmistan]] Ltd.
|[[Satyen Bose]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[3rd National Film Awards|1955 {{small|(3rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje]]''
|[[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="3rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf|title=3rd National Film Awards|access-date=11 March 2011|archive-date=2 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802150604/http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Shree 420]]''
|[[R. K. Films]]
|[[Raj Kapoor]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]''
|Bimal Roy Productions
|[[Bimal Roy]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[4th National Film Awards|1956 {{small|(4th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Basant Bahar (film)|Basant Bahar]]''
|Shri Vishwa Bharati Films
|R. Chandra
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="4thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/4th_Nff.pdf|title=4th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225070937/http://dff.nic.in/2011/4th_Nff.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[5th National Film Awards|1957 {{small|(5th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Do Aankhen Barah Haath]]''
|[[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="5thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf|title=5th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2011|archive-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103222703/http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efecd1;"|''[[Mother India]]''
|[[Mehboob Studio|Mehboob Productions]]
|[[Mehboob Khan]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#d6e0cc;"|''[[Musafir (1957 film)|Musafir]]''
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[6th National Film Awards|1958 {{small|(6th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Madhumati]]''
|[[Bimal Roy]]
|[[Bimal Roy]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="6thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|title=6th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Lajwanti]]''
|Mohan Segal
|[[Narendra Suri]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''Karigar''
|[[Vasant Joglekar]]
|[[Vasant Joglekar]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[7th National Film Awards|1959 {{small|(7th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Anari (1959 film)|Anari]]''
|Lachman B. Lulla
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="7thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/7th_nff.pdf|title=7th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 September 2011|archive-date=26 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326125140/http://dff.nic.in/2011/7th_nff.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[8th National Film Awards|1960 {{small|(8th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]''
|[[K. Asif]]
|[[K. Asif]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="8thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|title=8th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012062918/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai]]''
|[[Raj Kapoor]]
|[[Radhu Karmakar]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#e0eaea;"|''[[Kanoon]]''
|[[Baldev Raj Chopra|B. R. Chopra]]
|[[B. R. Chopra]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[9th National Film Awards|1961 {{small|(9th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Dharmputra]]''
|[[B. R. Chopra]]
|[[Yash Chopra]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="9thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx|title=9th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202115652/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efecd1;"|''[[Gunga Jumna]]''
|[[Dilip Kumar]]
|[[Nitin Bose]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#d6e0cc;"|''Pyaar Ki Pyaas''
|Anupam Chitra
|[[Mahesh Kaul]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[10th National Film Awards|1962 {{small|(10th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam]]''
|[[Guru Dutt]]
|[[Abrar Alvi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="10thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx|title=10th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929062243/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=29 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[11th National Film Awards|1963 {{small|(11th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]''
|Bimal Roy Productions
|[[Bimal Roy]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="11thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|title=11th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124428/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efecd1;"|''[[Mere Mehboob]]''
|[[H. S. Rawail|Harnam Singh Rawail]]
|[[H. S. Rawail|Harnam Singh Rawail]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#d6e0cc;"|''[[Gumrah (1963 film)|Gumrah]]''
|B. R. Films
|[[B. R. Chopra]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[12th National Film Awards|1964 {{small|(12th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Dosti (1964 film)|Dosti]]''
|[[Tarachand Barjatya]]
|[[Satyen Bose]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="12thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|title=12th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225220334/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=25 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efecd1;"|''[[Yaadein (1964 film)|Yaadein]]''
|[[Sunil Dutt]]
|[[Sunil Dutt]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#d6e0cc;"|''[[Geet Gaya Patharon Ne]]''
|V. Shantaram Productions
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[13th National Film Awards|1965 {{small|(13th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]''
|Kewal Kashyap
|S. Ram Sharma
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref name="13thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf|title=13th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-date=8 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008121223/http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efecd1;"|''[[Oonche Log (1965 film)|Oonche Log]]''
|M/S Chitrakala
|[[Phani Majumdar]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#d6e0cc;"|''[[Guide (film)|Guide]]''
|[[Dev Anand]]
|[[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[14th National Film Awards|1966 {{small|(14th)}}]]
! scope="row" |''[[Anupama (1966 film)|Anupama]]''
|L. B. Lachman
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[15th National Film Awards|1967 {{small|(15th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Hamraaz]]''
|[[B. R. Chopra]]
|[[B. R. Chopra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="15thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/15th_nff_1967.pdf|title=15th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225231524/http://dff.nic.in/2011/15th_nff_1967.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[16th National Film Awards|1968 {{small|(16th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Aashirwad (film)|Aashirwad]]''
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] and N. C. Sippy
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="16thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf|title=16th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=22 September 2011|page=2|archive-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225234623/http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[17th National Film Awards|1969 {{small|(17th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Satyakam]]''
|Sher Jeng Singh Punchee
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="17thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=17th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=26 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226002621/http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[18th National Film Awards|1970 {{small|(18th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Anand (1971 film)|Anand]]''
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] and N. C. Sippy
|[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="18thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=18th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=26 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226002621/http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[19th National Film Awards|1971 {{small|(19th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Phir Bhi]]''
|Shivendra Shah
|Shivendra Shah
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/phir-bhi-movie/4249 |title=Phir Bhi (1971) – Movie Review, Story, Trailers, Videos, Photos, Wallpapers, Songs, Trivia, Movie Tickets |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714201730/http://www.gomolo.com/phir-bhi-movie/4249 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[20th National Film Awards|1972 {{small|(20th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Maya Darpan]]''
|[[Kumar Shahani]]
|[[Kumar Shahani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="20thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|title=20th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220349/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[21st National Film Awards|1973 {{small|(21st)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[27 Down]]''
|Awatar Krishna Kaul
|Awatar Krishna Kaul
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="21stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/21st_nff_1973.pdf|title=21st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 September 2011|archive-date=4 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404122553/http://dff.nic.in/2011/21st_nff_1973.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[22nd National Film Awards|1974 {{small|(22nd)}}]]
| colspan="3" style="background:#f5a9a9; text-align:center;" |No Award
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="22ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf|title=22nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=1 October 2011|archive-date=4 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404122730/http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[23rd National Film Awards|1975 {{small|(23rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Nishant (film)|Nishant]]''
|Freni M. Variava and Mohan J. Bijlani
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="23rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/23rd_nff_1975.pdf|title=23rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=24 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724234749/http://dff.nic.in/2011/23rd_nff_1975.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[24th National Film Awards|1976 {{small|(24th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Manthan]]''
|[[Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[25th National Film Awards|1977 {{small|(25th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Shatranj Ke Khiladi (film)|Shatranj Ke Khiladi]]''
|Suresh Jindal
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="25thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/25th_nff_1977.pdf|title=25th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=19 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119143000/http://dff.nic.in/2011/25th_nff_1977.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ebebe0;"
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[26th National Film Awards|1978 {{small|(26th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background:#e0e0d1;"|''[[Kasturi (1980 film)|Kasturi]]''
|[[Bimal Dutt]]
|[[Bimal Dutt]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf|title=26th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=24 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424114857/http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ebebe0;"
! scope="row" style="background:#e0e0d1;"|''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]''
|[[Shashi Kapoor]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[27th National Film Awards|1979 {{small|(27th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Sparsh (film)|Sparsh]]''
|[[Basu Bhattacharya]]
|[[Sai Paranjpye]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1979 |title=National Film Awards (1979) |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-date=22 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122145408/http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1979 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[28th National Film Awards|1980 {{small|(28th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Aakrosh (1980 film)|Aakrosh]]''
|[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="28thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf|title=28th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021181343/http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Arohan (film)|Arohan]]''
|[[Government of West Bengal]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|title=29th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224223642/http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Katha (1983 film)|Katha]]''
|Suresh Jindal
|[[Sai Paranjpye]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-date=24 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424114806/http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Ardh Satya]]''
|[[Manmohan Shetty]] and [[Pradeep Uppoor]]
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=24 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424114953/http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Paar (film)|Paar]]''
|Swapan Sarkar
|[[Gautam Ghose]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 January 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203732/http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''Anantyatra''
|Nachiket Patwardhan
|Nachiket Patwardhan and Jayu Patwardhan
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012|archive-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053550/http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Mirch Masala]]''
|[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
|[[Ketan Mehta]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200134/http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Pestonjee]]''
|NFDC
|[[Vijaya Mehta]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322020437/http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Salaam Bombay!]]''
|NFDC, [[Mirabai Films]] and [[Doordarshan]]
|[[Mira Nair]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107085713/http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro]]''
|NFDC
|[[Saeed Akhtar Mirza]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 January 2012|archive-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002235001/http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]''
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215163809/http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ebebe0;"
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background:#e0e0d1;"|''[[Diksha (film)|Diksha]]''
|NFDC and [[Doordarshan]]
|[[Arun Kaul]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 February 2012|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215070453/http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ebebe0;"
! scope="row" style="background:#e0e0d1;"|''[[Dharavi (1992 film)|Dharavi]]''
|NFDC and [[Doordarshan]]
|[[Sudhir Mishra]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda]]''
|NFDC
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 March 2012|archive-date=9 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309053748/http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Patang (film)|Patang]]''
|Sanjay Sahay and Durba Sahay
|[[Gautam Ghose]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=3 March 2012|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012936/http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Mammo]]''
|NFDC and [[Doordarshan]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=5 March 2012|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015003/http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Bandit Queen]]''
|Sundeep Singh Bedi
|[[Shekhar Kapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234418/http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Gudia (1997 film)|Gudia]]''
|[[Amit Khanna]] and [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
|[[Gautam Ghose]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013544/http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa]]''
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
|[[Govind Nihalani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2012|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225004323/http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]''
|Gramco Films
|[[Vinay Shukla]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=12 March 2012|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003914/http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Shool]]''
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]] and Nitin Manmohan
|[[E. Nivas]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107090241/http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Zubeidaa]]''
|Farouq Rattonsey
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195537/http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]''
|[[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
|[[Farhan Akhtar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185814/http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]''
|[[Tips Industries]]
|[[Rajkumar Santoshi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224027/http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Raghu Romeo]]''
|NFDC
|[[Rajat Kapoor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234942/http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|[[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 January 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193535/http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]''
|Anshuman Swami and [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 March 2012|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215103958/http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Khosla Ka Ghosla]]''
|Savita Raj Hiremath
|[[Dibakar Banerjee]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193647/http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[1971 (2007 film)|1971]]''
|[[Sagar Films (Pvt. Ltd.)|Sagar Films]]
|[[Amrit Sagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192455/http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Rock on (2008 film)|Rock On]]''
|[[Excel Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.]]
|[[Abhishek Kapoor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152853/http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Sunil Manchanda]]
|[[R. Balki]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235404/http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Do Dooni Chaar]]''
|[[Arindam Chaudhuri]]
|[[Habib Faisal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-date=7 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307013755/http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]''
|[[Onir]] and [[Sanjay Suri]]
|[[Onir]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-date=31 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031200819/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Filmistaan]]''
|Satellite Picture Pvt. Ltd.
|[[Nitin Kakkar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013|archive-date=17 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417215938/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Jolly LLB]]''
|[[Fox Star Studios]]
|[[Subhash Kapoor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''
|[[Phantom Films]] and [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
|[[Vikas Bahl]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123148/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]''
|[[Maneesh Sharma]] and [[Yash Raj Films]]
|[[Sharat Katariya]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215071718/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row"|''[[Neerja]]''
|[[Fox Star Studios|Fox Star Studios India Pvt. Ltd.]]
|[[Ram Madhvani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Newton (film)|Newton]]''
| [[Drishyam Films]]
| [[Amit V Masurkar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Andhadhun]]''
| [[Viacom18 Motion Pictures]]
| [[Sriram Raghavan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="66thaward">{{cite press release|title=66th National Film Awards |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809152118/https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-09 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Chhichhore]]''
| [[Fox Star Studios|Fox Star Studios India]] and [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]]
| [[Nitesh Tiwari]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/images/News/1098_winners_for_67th.pdf|access-date=25 May 2022|title=67th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725054657/https://dff.nic.in/images/News/1098_winners_for_67th.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Toolsidas Junior]]''
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]] and [[Ashutosh Gowariker|Ashutosh Gowariker Productions]]
| Mridul Mahendra
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=68th National Film Awards Full Winners List: Suriya, Ajay Devgn jointly win Best Actor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/68th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-suriya-ajay-devgn-jointly-win-best-actor-1978718-2022-07-22 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203054503/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/68th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-suriya-ajay-devgn-jointly-win-best-actor-1978718-2022-07-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Sardar Udham]]''
| Ronnie Lahiri and Sheel Kumar
| [[Shoojit Sircar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825112501/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]''
|[[Star India]]
|Rahul V. Chittella
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards full winners list: Aattam wins Best Film, Rishab Shetty is Best Actor, KGF 2 and Kantara bag top honours |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-aataam-rishabh-shetty-kgf-2-9517350/ |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822163916/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-aataam-rishabh-shetty-kgf-2-9517350/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
! scope="row"| ''[[Kathal (film)|Kathal]]''
|[[Netflix]], [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] and [[Sikhya Entertainment]]
|Yashowardhan Mishra
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards for the year 2023 announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2151537 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]
{{National Film Award Best Hindi Feature Film}}{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Hindi]]

Maha Bishuba Sankranti

2026-04-14T06:15:59Z

Arpan1314:

{{short description|Odia new year}}
{{see also|Indian New Year's days}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Maha Bishuba Sankranti Pana Sankranti
| official_name = Maha Bishuba Sankranti
| nickname = Pana Sankranti Odia Nua Barsa
| longtype = Social, Cultural, Religious
| type = Hindu
| image = Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti) offerings with Bela Pana juice.jpg
| caption = Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti) offerings with [[Bela Pana]]
| observedby = [[Odia people|Odia]]s
| date = 1st [[Vaisakha|Baisakha]] of [[Odia calendar]]
| date2026 = 14 April
| observances = [[Puja (Hinduism)|Pujas]], [[procession]]s, [[Bela Pana]]
| celebrations = Meru Jatra, Jhaamu Jatra, Chadak Parba
| significance = Odia New Year
| relatedto = [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]
}}

'''Maha Bishuba Sankranti''' ({{langx|or|ମହା ବିଷୁବ ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତି}}), also known as '''Pana Sankranti''' ({{langx|or|ପଣା ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତି}}),<ref>{{citation |last1=Bhatt |first1=SC |last2=Bhargava |first2=Gopal K. |title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories In 36 Volumes Orissa Volume 21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDsORXsjZ5QC |publisher=Kalpaz |page=419 |date=2006 |isbn=9788178353777 }}</ref><ref name="(India)">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Ganjam|year=1966|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDNuAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref name=foulston178/> is the traditional new year day festival of [[Odia people]] in [[Odisha]], India.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110419195447/http://www.odishanewstoday.com/features/354-odisha-celebrates-maha-vishuba-sankranti-with-fervor-.html Maha Vishuba Sankranti] Odisha celebrates Maha Vishuba Sankranti with Fervor</ref><ref name="Classic Cooking of Odisha">{{cite book|title=Classic Cooking of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj_qBSIfgdIC&pg=PA26|access-date=13 April 2012|series=Danda Nata|year = 2010|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-584-4|pages=26–}}</ref><ref name="Arts1995">{{cite book|author=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|title=Prakr̥ti: Primal elements, the oral tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaLpAAAAMAAJ|access-date=13 April 2012|series=Meru Day, Meru Sankranti|year=1995|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=978-81-246-0037-5|page=172}}</ref> The festival occurs in the solar [[Odia calendar]] (the [[Lunisolar calendar|lunisolar]] [[Hindu calendar]] followed in Odisha) on the first day of the traditional solar month of [[Meṣa]], hence equivalent lunar month [[Vaisakha|Baisakha]]. This falls on the Purnimanta system of the Indian [[Hindu calendar]].<ref name=foulston178/> It therefore falls on 13/14 April every year on the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Melton2011p633"/>

The festival is celebrated with visits to [[Shiva]], [[Shaktism|Shakti]] or [[Hanuman]] temples.<ref name="Behera1997p79"/> People take baths in rivers or major pilgrimage centers. Communities participate in {{Transliteration|or|mela}} (fairs), participate in traditional dance or acrobatic performances. Feasts and special drinks such as a chilled wood apple-milk-yoghurt-coconut drink called {{Transliteration|or|pana}} is shared, a tradition that partly is the source of this festival's name.<ref name="Behera1997p79"/><ref name=foulston178/>

Pana Sankranti is related to new year festivals in [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]] as observed by Hindus and Buddhists elsewhere such as [[Vaisakhi]] (north and central India, Nepal), [[Bohag Bihu]] ([[Assam]]), [[Pohela Boishakh]] ([[Bengal]]), [[Puthandu]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]) etc.<ref name="Melton2011p633">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA633|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-206-7|page=633}}</ref><ref name="DasguptaMishra1996">{{cite book|author1=Kalyan Kumar Dasgupta|author2=P. K. Mishra|title=Aspects of Indian history and historiography: Professor Kalyan Kumar Dasgupta felicitation volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOFtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=13 April 2012|series=World wise "vishuba sankranti" |year=1996|publisher=Kaveri Books|isbn=978-81-7479-009-5|page=111}}</ref>

==Practices==
In the Odia Hindu tradition, Pana Sankranti is believed to be the birthday of the Hindu deity [[Hanuman]], whose loving devotion to [[Rama]] (the seventh incarnation of [[Vishnu]]) in the [[Ramayana]] is legendary. His temples, along with those of [[Shiva]] and [[Surya]] (the Sun god) are revered on the new year.<ref name="Behera1997p79">{{cite book|author=Jyoshnarani Behera|title=Political Socialization of Women: A Study of Teenager Girls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJr97JZXJPcC&pg=PA79 |year=1997|publisher=Atlantic Publishers |isbn=978-81-85495-21-7|page=79}}</ref><ref name="sambad" />

Hindus also visit [[Devi]] (goddess) temples on Pana Sankranti. The temples include [[Taratarini Temple]] near [[Brahmapur, Odisha]] in [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]], [[Cuttack Chandi Temple|Cuttack Chandi]], [[Biraja Temple]], [[Samaleswari]] temple and [[Sarala Temple]]. At Sarala Temple the priests walk on hot coals in the fire-walking festival, Jhaamu Yatra. At the Maa Patana Mangala Temple in Chhatrapada, [[Bhadrak]], the Patua Yatra festival is held from 14 April to 21 April.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/apr/15/patuas-take-the-plunge-for-wish-fulfilment-244791.html |title=Patuas take the plunge for wish fulfilment |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> In Northern Odisha, the festival is known as Chadak Parva. In Southern Odisha, the Meru Yatra festival is celebrated as the end of the month-long {{Transliteration|or|[[danda nata]]}} dance festival. Thousands of devotees gather at the [[Shakti Pitha]] shrine in the [[Taratarini Temple]] because it is one of the auspicious days during the Chaitra Yatra.

The significance of the day is that the new [[Odia calendar]] or Panjika is also introduced which is an almanac of Hindu festivals and contains the dates of festivals, auspicious days and timings, timings of sunrise and sunset along with horoscopes for the year.<ref name="opost" /><ref name="sambad" />

===Bela Pana===
[[File:Bela_pana.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Bela Pana]] is a special festive sweet drink made from milk, ripe fruit of [[Aegle marmelos|bel]] and spices, shared on Odia new year.]]
People from all over the state eat festive [[Chhatua]] and drink [[Bela Pana]] to mark the occasion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/on-pana-sankranti-know-the-significance-of-the-drink-learn-the-recipe-to-make-best-bela-pana |title=On Pana Sankranti, Know The Significance Of The Drink & Learn The Recipe To Make Best 'Bela Pana' |website=Ommcom News |date=14 April 2019 |accessdate=8 March 2021 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212083014/https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/on-pana-sankranti-know-the-significance-of-the-drink-learn-the-recipe-to-make-best-bela-pana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VIzXARcZUzD4XLVEkHlGWK/Harvesting-grain-making-memories.html |title=Harvesting grain, making memories |website=Livemint |date=13 April 2018 |accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> The Bela Pana is prepared with [[Aegle marmelos|Bael]], [[chhena]], grated coconut and fruits, spices like ginger and black pepper and sugar or jaggery.<ref name="opost" /><ref name="sambad" >{{cite news |title=Know The Significance Of Odia New Year |url=https://sambadenglish.com/know-the-significance-of-odia-new-year/ |website=Sambad |date=April 14, 2021}}</ref>

===Basundhara theki===
[[Image:Basundhara theki.jpg|thumb|right|Basundhara theki]]
An important ritual observed during Pana Sankranti is ''Basundhara theki''. A water filled earthen pot with a small hole at the end is placed at the top of the holy basil plant, so that water keeps dripping on the plant.<ref name="opost" >{{cite news |title=Maha Vishuba Sankranti along with Odia New Year celebrated with religious fervor |url=https://www.orissapost.com/maha-vishuba-sankranti-along-with-odia-new-year-celebrated-with-religious-fervor/l |website=Orissa Post |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>

==Local celebrations==
{{main|Ghantapatua|Danda nata}}
[[Ghantapatua]]s are traditional male folk artistes from the [[Odisha]] that perform the art form "Jhama nata" during Pana Sankranti. They generally perform in a group of two or four wearing dresses that resemble women's clothing.

[[File:Bali jata Lankeswari Temple Sonepur Odisha.jpg|thumb|A group street performance on Pana Sankranti near the Lankeswari Temple, Sonepur, Odisha.]]
[[File:Danda Nacha.jpg|thumb|Danda nata, dedicated to the mother goddess starts on Pana Sankranti]]

[[Danda nata]] that is performed during this festival celebration is one of the most ancient forms of performance art of the region. The opening ritual begins in the middle of Chaitra (March – April). The performers, also known as Dandua, take dip in a village pond and walk/run over hot charcoals while performing the art. After performing {{Transliteration|or|danda nata}} they also perform {{Transliteration|or|jala danda}} by dipping themselves in deep water for a short while. These performances symbolize the liberation from physical pain. A notable climax of the social celebrations is fire-walk, where volunteers sprint over a bed of burning coal while being cheered with music and songs.<ref name=foulston178>{{cite book|author1=Lynn Foulston|author2=Stuart Abbott|title=Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgwVgPx5G5UC&pg=PA178|year=2009|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-902210-43-8|pages=178–181}}</ref>

==Related holidays==
This new year day is celebrated elsewhere across South and Southeast Asia which follow the related Hindu-Buddhist solar calendar traditions of [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]] ([[Mesha Sankranti]] and [[Songkran]]). It is known [[Vaisakhi]] across North India and Nepal and marks the beginning of the Hindu Solar New Year.<ref>Crump, William D. (2014), [https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide], MacFarland, page 114</ref><ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48"/> The same day every year is also the new year for many Buddhist communities in parts of southeast Asia such as Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Cambodia, likely an influence of their shared culture in the 1st millennium CE.<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48">{{cite book|author1=Karen Pechilis| author2=Selva J. Raj|title= South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48| year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-44851-2|pages=48–49}}</ref> Some examples include:

*[[Vaisakhi]] in North India and Nepal
*[[Pohela Boishakh]] in states of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]]
*[[Bohag Bihu]] in [[Assam]]
*[[Jur Sital]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
*[[Puthandu]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Vishu]] in [[Kerala]]
*[[Sinhalese New Year|Aluth Avuruthu]] in [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name=reeves174>{{cite book|author=Peter Reeves|title=The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4N5UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 |year=2014|publisher=Didier Millet|isbn=978-981-4260-83-1|page=174}}</ref>
*[[Songkran (Thailand)|Songkran]] in [[Thailand]]
*[[Cambodian New Year|Chol Chnam Thmey]] in [[Cambodia]]
*[[Lao New Year|Pi Mai Lao]] in [[Laos]]
*[[Thingyan]] in [[Burma]]

However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For many others who follow the Lunar calendar, the new year falls on [[Navaratri#Chaitra Navaratri|Chaitra Navaratri]], [[Ugadi]], [[Gudi Padwa]] etc., which falls a few weeks earlier.<ref name="PechilisRaj2013p48"/> For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide during the five day [[Diwali]] festival.

==See also==
*[[Chandaneswar]], Shiva temple in Odisha, India

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Robert Sewell|title=The Indian Calendar – With Tables for the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan Into A. D. Dates, and Vice Versa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9z33n6Q1nwC&pg=PA149|access-date=10 November 2011|date=15 March 2010|publisher=Read Books Design|isbn=978-1-4455-3119-9|pages=149–}}

{{Odia culture}}
{{Hindu festivals}}
{{New Year by Calendar}}

[[Category:Festivals in Odisha]]
[[Category:New Year in India]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:Culture of Odisha]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]

Appar

2026-04-02T10:20:43Z

Arpan1314: made first stub first draft

{{Short description|Seventh-century Tamil Śaiva poet-saint}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Appar
| image = Thirunavukkarasar Drawing (Transparent BG).png
| caption = Tirunavukkaracar (Appar)
| native_name =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_place = Tiruvamur, Panruti, [[Chola Kingdom]] (modern day Tiruvamur, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| birth_name = Marul Neekkiyar
| death_place = Thiruppugalur [[Chola Kingdom]] (modern day [[Nagapattinam District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| philosophy = [[Shaivism]] [[Bhakti]]
| honors = [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] saint, Muvar
| literary_works = ''[[Tevaram]]'' 4,5 (Tirukkuruntokai), 6 (Tiruttantakam)
| birth_date = 570 CE
| death_date = 650 CE (aged 80)
}}
'''Appar''' ({{langx|ta|அப்பர்}}), also referred to as '''Tirunavukkaracar''' ({{Langx|ta|திருநாவுக்கரசர்|translit=Tirunāvukkaracar}}) or '''Navukkarasar''', was a seventh-century Tamil [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] poet-saint. Born in a peasant Shaiva family, raised as an orphan by his sister, he lived about 80 years and is generally placed sometime between 570 and 650 CE.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=19–21, 270-273, 283–297}}<ref name="Zvelebil95">Zvelebil 1974, p. 95</ref> Appar composed 4,900 devotional hymns to the god [[Shiva]], out of which 313 have survived and are now canonized as the 4th to 6th volumes of ''[[Tirumurai]]''.{{sfn|Nagaswamy|1989|pp=Chapter 2}} One of the most prominent of the sixty-three revered [[Nayanars]], he was an older contemporary of [[Sambandar]].{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=19–21, 270-273, 283–297}}{{sfn|Vanmikanathan|1983|p=8}}

His images are found and revered in Tamil Shiva temples. His characteristic iconography in temples show him carrying a farmer's small hoe – a gardening tool and weed puller.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=19–21, 270-273, 283–297}}

==Names==
Appar is also known as Tirunavukkaracar (''lit.'' "King of the Tongue, Lord of Language"). His birth-name was Marulneekkiyar. He was renamed Dharmasenar while he studied and later served as the head of a Jain monastery. After he returned to Shaivism and began composing devotional hymns to Shiva, he has been historically referred to as ''Appar'' (''lit.'' "father"), after the child poet-saint Sambandar lovingly called him ''Appar''.{{sfn|Vanmikanathan|1983|p=8}}

==Early life==
An outline about Appar's life, without specifics, are found in his own hymns that were preserved by an [[oral tradition]]. A written collection of his hymns as well as more details are found in texts about four centuries after he died. One of the most studied version is the Sekkizhar's ''[[Periya Puranam]]'', the last book of the ''Tirumurai''. There, under ''Thiruninrasargam'' and in 428 verses, Sekkizhar presents the legendary life of Appar.{{sfn|Nagaswamy|1989|pp=Chapter 2}}

Appar was born in late 6th-century, likely between 570 and 596 CE.<ref name="Zvelebil95"/> Some scholars place him a bit later, in early 7th-century.{{sfn|Spencer|1970|pp=234–235}} Appar was born in Vellalar caste by birth.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YzXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Appar+was+a+vaisya%22|title=Developments in Indian Religion|publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press|year=2002|last=Smith|first=Ronald Morton|page=33}}:"Appar was a vaisya"</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/proceedings-volume-3/page/300/mode/2up?q=%22Vellala+or+Vaisya%22|title=Actes Du Sixième Congrès International Des Orientalistes|publisher=Wentworth Press|year=2018|last=Leiden|first=International Congress of Orientalists|page=300|isbn=978-0-27090-885-5}}:"He was born in the Guruaruludaiyan kothiraam of Vellala caste by birth ."</ref> His childhood name was Marunikkiyar (Marulneekiar). Orphaned, he was raised by his older sister Thilagavathiar.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}}{{sfn|Zvelebil|1974|p=95}} Thilagavathiar was betrothed to a military commander who died in war. She never married thereafter, devoted herself to Shaivism and to taking care of her little brother.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}} He spent his childhood in Tiruvamur village near Atikai by most accounts.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}}

===Conversion to Jainism and return to Shaivism===
{{Thirumurai}}
Unlike his sister, Appar turned to Jainism. He left home, joined a Jain monastery, where he was renamed Dharmasena (Tarumacenar). He studied Jainism and years later became the head of the Jain monastery in Tiruppatirippuliyur.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}}<ref name="Das p33">{{harvnb|Das|2005|p=33}}</ref> After a while, afflicted by a painful stomach illness, Dharmasena returned home.<ref name="Siva Bhakthi Chapter 2">{{harvnb|Nagaswamy|1989|loc=ch. 2}}</ref> His sister gave him ''[[Vibhuti|Tiruniru]]'' (sacred ash) and taught him the five syllable mantra "namaccivaya" ([[Om Namah Shivaya|Namah Shivaya]]). Then they went together to a Shiva temple in Atikai, where he spontaneously composed his first hymn of Tevaram. As he sang the second verse, he was miraculously cured of his stomach illness. Thereafter, he came to be known as Navukkaracar (from Skt: Vagisa, "king of speech") or more popularly just Appar. He thus left Jainism and become a devout Shaiva.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}}

Appar's hymns are intimately devotional to Shiva, but occasionally include verses where he repents the Jain period of his life.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=283–287}} In Tevaram hymn IV.39 and others, he criticizes the Jain monastic practice of not brushing teeth, the lack of body hygiene, their barbaric ascetic practices, the doctrine of ''pallurai'' (anekantavada) as self-contradictory relativism, the hypocrisy of running away from the world and work yet begging for food in that same world, and others.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=286–293 with footnotes}}

[[File:ApparSwami.png|thumb|Appar swami]]
[[File:Appar wooden image.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Appar (Wooden Image), [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] Museum, [[Vellore]]]]
[[File:Thirukkadaiyur Gopuram Appar.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Amirthakadaieeshwarar temple relief depicting Appar bearing Sambandar's palanquin]]

===Bhakti===
Appar largely stayed at Atikai with his sister before visiting other Shiva temples to sing in praise of Shiva. He heard of [[Thirugnana Sambandar|Sambandar]] and went to Sirkali to meet him. Sambandar respectfully addressed Navukkarasar as ''Appar'' (father) and he and Appar travelled together singing hymns. Appar is said to have traveled to about a hundred and twenty-five temples in different cities or villages in Tamil Nadu. He died in ''Sadhaya Nakshtra'' in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Chithirai'' at Tirupukalur Shiva temple at the age of 81.<ref name="Zvelebil96"/>

==Appar's Tevaram==
The Tamil Shaiva tradition believes that Appar extolled Siva in 4,900 hymns (49,000 stanzas). Of these 313 hymns (3,130 stanzas) have survived, later compiled in the fourth, fifth and sixth volumes of the ''[[Tirumurai]]'', the Tamil poetic canon of [[Shaiva Siddhanta]]. The compilation of these books is generally ascribed to [[Nambiyandar Nambi]] (10th century CE). Some of Appar's hymns set to various ''[[Pann]]s'', the melodic modes of [[Ancient Tamil music]] – the rest are set to ''Tirunerisai'' and ''Viruttam'' metres. In the last four decades of his life, he visited on foot no less than 125 shrines of [[Shiva]], scattered over a territory of a {{convert|1,000|miles|spell=in}}. He was the only one of the four ''kuravars'' to visit the shrine at [[Gokarna, India|Tirukokarnam]] on the western coast of [[India]]. He sang 312 decads comprising 3,056 stanzas of devotion.{{sfn|Vanmikanathan|1983|p=8}}

All the songs in the Tevaram (called ''pathikam'', Tamil:பதிகம்) are believed to be in sets of ten. The hymns were set to music denoted by ''[[Pann]]s'' and are part of the canon of the [[Ancient Tamil music|Tamil music]].<ref name="Sabaratnam">Sabaratnam 2001, p. 26</ref> They continue to be part of temple liturgy today.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.templenet.com/glossary3.html
|title=Glossary
|publisher=TempleNet
|access-date=2007-01-10
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiantemples.com/abode_initial.html
|title=Abodes of Shiva
|publisher=Indiantemples.com
|access-date=2007-01-10
}}</ref> Several of these poems refer to historic references pointing to the saint-poets' own life, voice of devotee persona, using interior language of the mystic.<ref name="Callewaert">Callewaert 1994, p. 199</ref> Multi-vocal rhetoric is commonly used taking on personal emotions and genres and some voices of classical [[Sangam literature]].
Appar's poems dealt with inner, emotional and psychological state of the poet saint.<ref name="Zvelebil95"/> The metaphors used in the poems have deep agrarian influence that is considered one of the striking chords for common people to get accustomed to the verse.<ref>Sabaratnam 2001, p. 27</ref> The quote below is a popular song of Appar glorifying Shiva in simple diction.<ref name="Aiyangar">Aiyangar 2004, p. 35</ref>

:::மாசில் வீணையும் மாலை மதியமும்
:::வீசு தென்றலும் வீங்கிள வேனிலும்
:::மூசு வண்டறை பொய்கையும் போன்றதே
:::ஈசன் எந்தை இணையடி நீழலே"

:::(''"Mācil vīṇaiyum mālai matiyamum''
:::''vīcu těņṛalum vīŋkiḷa vēņilum''
:::''mūcu vaṇţaṛai pǒykaiyum pōņṛatē''
:::''īcaņ ěntai iṇaiyaţi nīļalē"'')

translating to

:::"My Lord's twin feet are like the blemishless Veena
:::like the full-moon of the evening
:::like the gentle breeze blowing from the South
:::like the young spring
:::like a bee-humming pond "<ref name="Aiyangar"/>

The tendency to incorporate place names known to the folks in the idiom of the poems is another characteristic feature of ''Tevaram''.<ref name="Saba 27">Sabaratnam 2001, pp. 27-28</ref> The poems also involved glorifying the feat of Shiva in the particular location – the usage of locale continuously occurring in the verses is a testament.<ref name="Saba 27"/> According to Prentiss, the poems do not represent social space as a contested space, the hymns represent the hymnists were free to wander and to offer their praise of Shiva.{{sfn|Prentiss |1992|p=51-52}} The emotional intensity of the hymns represent spontaneous expression of thought as an emotional responses to God.{{sfn|Prentiss |1992|p=51-52}} The hymnists made classificatory lists of places like ''katu'' (for forest), ''turai'' (port or refuge), ''kulam'' (water tank) and ''kalam'' (field) being used – thus both structured and unstructured places in the religious context find a mention in ''Tevaram''.{{sfn|Prentiss |1992|p=51-52}}

==Compilation==
[[Raja Raja Chola I]] (ruled 985–1013 CE) embarked on a mission to recover the hymns after hearing short excerpts of ''Tevaram'' in his court.<ref name="Culter 50">Culter 1987, p. 50</ref> He sought the help of Nambi Andar Nambi,<ref>Xavier Irudayaraj,"Self Understanding of 'Saiva Siddanta' Scriptures," in The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, Ollur [Trichur] 2010 Ed. George Menachery, Vol. III, p.14 ff.</ref> who was a priest in a temple.<ref name ="Cort178"/> It is believed by Tamil Shaiva that Nambi found the scripts by divine intervention, in the form of cadijam leaves half eaten by white ants in a chamber inside the second precinct in [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram]].<ref name="Culter 50"/><ref name ="Cort178">Cort 1998, p. 178</ref>

Rajaraja thus became known as ''Tirumurai Kanda Cholan'' meaning one who saved the ''Tirumurai''.<ref name="Vasu">Vasudevan 2003, pp. 109-110</ref> The king added the images of the Nayanar poet-saints inside the Shiva temple.<ref name="Vasu"/> Nambi arranged the hymns of three saint poets Sambanthar, Appar and Sundarar as the first seven books.<ref name="Zvelebil91">Zvelebil 1974, p. 191</ref>

In 1918, 11 more songs were found engraved in a stone temple in Tiruvidavayil in a village close to Nannillam, and it was the first instance found where ''Tevaram'' verses were found in inscriptions.<ref>Ayyar, p. 23</ref>

===Translations===
Francis Kingsbury and Godfrey Phillips selected and translated 39 out of 313 of Appar's hymns into English in 1921. These were published with small collection of Sambandar and Sundarar hymns in a book titled ''Hymns of the Tamil Śaivite Saints'', released by the Oxford University Press. They stated that these were some of the hymns from ''Devaram'' (Tevaram) that they could hear being chanted in South Indian Shiva temples of their times.<ref name=Saivite>{{cite book|last1=Kingsbury|first1=F|title=Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints (1921)|date=1921|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=35–68|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/guruguha/MusicResearchLibrary/Books-English/BkE-KingsburyF&PhillipsGE-Hymns-of-Tamil-Saivite-Saints-1921-0103.pdf|access-date=8 July 2014}}</ref>

In 1959, Dorai Rangaswamy published a prose translation with commentary on about 100 Appar's hymns in Volume 3 of his collected works on Tevaram.{{sfn|Dorai Rangaswamy|1959}} More recent English translations of many more select hymns by Appar have been published by Indira Peterson.{{sfn|Peterson|1989}}

==Legacy==
[[File:Appar, Chola period bronze, 12th century, Government Museum, Chennai (1) (37405562076).jpg|250x250px|thumb|Bronze image of Appar from 12th century - Vembavur, Perambalur district]]
Appar is traditionally credited with converting the [[Pallava]] king, [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendravarman]] to Shaivism.<ref name="Vasu13">Vasudevan 2003, p. 13</ref> His efforts helped expand the sacred geography of Shaivism and bring fame to smaller Shiva temples. Appar sanctified all these temples by his verses<ref name="Vasu13"/> and was also involved in cleaning of the dilapidated temples with his ''ulavarapadai'' (farmer's gardening hoe) – now a part of his iconography.{{sfn|Peterson|1989|pp=19–21, 270-273, 283–297}}<ref name="Zvelebil96">Zvelebil 1974, p. 96</ref>

===Temple services===
Appar celebrated the Vedas, and connected the Vedic ritual to the temple ''[[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamic]] [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' that is ever since followed in Shiva temples.{{sfn|Nagaswamy|1989|pp=Chapter 6: Vedic Nature of Appar’s Saivism}}<ref name="Cort176"/> According to John Cort – a scholar of Jainism and Hinduism studies, the Agamic temple rituals perpetuate the Vedic practices. Appar and other Nayanars helped transform this "as the central element of the Saiva Siddhanta philosophical and theological system, and thus of Tamil Saiva soteriology", states Cort, by emphasizing the instrumentality and efficacy of the temple and its rituals. According to Appar and others, the Vedic and the Agamic overlap, are alternate roads to the same spiritual end, both evoke a transformation in the devotee, with the difference that temple-based Saiva puja alone is emphasized in the tradition that Appar and other Nayanars helped create.<ref name="Cort176">Cort 1998, p. 176</ref>

Appar's tradition has thrived in Tamil Shiva temples. ''Odhuvars'', ''Sthanikars'', or ''Kattalaiyars'' offer musical programmes in Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu by singing ''Tevaram'' after the daily rituals.<ref>Ghose 1996, p. 239</ref> These are usually carried out as chorus programme soon after the divine offering. The singing of Tevaram was followed by musicals from the music pillars in such temples like [[Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] and [[Suchindram]].<ref>Bhargava 2006, p. 467</ref> The singers of these hymns were referred as ''Tirupadiyam Vinnapam seyvar'' or ''Pidarar'', from the inscriptions of [[Nandivarman III]] in the Tiruvallam Bilavaneswara temple records. Rajaraja deputed 48 ''pidarars'' and made liberal provisions for their maintenance and successors.<ref name="Vasu"/>

Historic inscriptions give details about the gifts rendered to the singers of ''Tevaram'' from [[Parantaka I]] of the 8th century.<ref name="Vasu"/> A record belonging to [[Rajendra I]] mentions ''Tevaranayakan'', the supervisor of ''Tevaram'' and shows the institutionalisation of ''Tevaram'' with the establishment of a department.<ref name="Vasu"/>{{sfn|Vasudevan|2003|p=101}} There are records from [[Kulothunga Chola III]] from Nallanyanar temple in South Arcot indicating singing of ''Tiruvempavai'' and ''Tiruvalam'' of Manickavasagar during special occasion in the temple.<ref name="Vasu"/> From the 13th century, the texts were passed on to the Odhuvars by the ''Adheenams'' or charitable establishments. The charitable establishments that ran on philanthropy of individuals and merchant caravans had come to be because after the 13th century, the time of ancient nation states viz. cholas etc. was finished, and the temples became only denominated, voluntary, charitable places. This is briefed by a 15th-century, chidambaram temple inscription. During the time of cholas etc. the temple hymn service workers were known as ''uvacchar'' and ''marars''. These terms are of very ancient origin and traceable to even early sangam times.

Appar's stone image is revered in almost all Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu. A [[Chola bronze]] of Appar with {{convert|57|cm|in|abbr=on}} in standing posture dated to about 12th century was found in Vembavur in [[Perambalur district]]. He is sported with beads of [[Rudraksha]] on both his arms and neck. The bronze image is stored in the Bronze gallery in [[Government Museum, Chennai]].<ref name=arch>{{cite report|title=An exhibition on Chola bronzes - 1000th anniversary of Thanjavur Big temple celebration|editor-last=T.S.|editor-first=Dr. Sridhar|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/Chola%20Bronzes.pdf|page=25|publisher=Department of Archaeology & Government Museum|location=Chennai|year=2011}}</ref>

===History and culture===
Appar's hymns provide a window into the history and culture of Tamil Hindus between the 7th and 9th-century, states Paramasivanandan. They mention names of rulers, towns, villages, festivals, agriculture, trade, temples, role of temple in providing social support during famines and economic hardship, role of temples in dance, music, arts, life rituals, social conditions, literature, and the education system. Given Appar's study of Digambara Jainism prior to returning to Shaiva Hinduism, it also includes a historic view into the two traditions.<ref>A.M. Paramasivanandan (1982), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7-kZAAAAIAAJ The Historical Study of the Thevaram Hymns, Tamilkalai]'', {{oclc|13103354}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |author-link=Sisir Kumar Das |title=A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular |year=2005| publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=Chennai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&q=five+epics+of+tamil+literature |isbn=81-260-2171-3}}
*{{cite book|first=Abraham|last= Eraly|title=The First Spring: The Golden Age of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te1sqTzTxD8C |year=2011|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-670-08478-4}}
* {{cite book | title=South Indian shrines: illustrated| last=Ayyar| first=P. V. Jagadisa| year=1993| publisher=Asian Educational Services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tevaram&pg=PA22|isbn = 81-206-0151-3}}
* {{cite book | title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories. 25. Tamil Nadu| last=Bhargava| first=Gopal K. |author2=Shankarlal C. Bhatt | year=2006| publisher=Kalpaz Publications|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCoMKZmRBoC&q=thevaram&pg=PA467|isbn=81-7835-381-4}}
* {{cite book | title=Open boundaries: Jain communities and culture in Indian history| last=Cort| first=John E. | year=1998| publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWfnXbVWjKcC&q=tevaram&pg=PA178|isbn=0-7914-3786-8}}
* {{cite book | title=According to tradition: hagiographical writing in India| last=Callewaert| first=Winand M.|author2=Rupert Snell | year=1994| publisher=Otto Harrasowitz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrMwdEqHLzEC&q=tevaram&pg=PA194|isbn = 3-447-03524-2}}
* {{Citation |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=The embodiment of bhakti |year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York |isbn=0-19-512813-3}}.
* {{cite book | title=Cultural History of Medieval India| last=Khanna| first=Meenakshi | year=2007| publisher=Social Science Press|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbKv3zyIFD8C&q=tevaram&pg=PA66|isbn=978-81-87358-30-5}}
*{{cite book|first=R.|last= Nagaswamy|title=Siva Bhakti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5N6WswEACAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=South Asia Books|isbn=978-8170130284}}
* {{cite book|title='Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend|isbn=0-500-51088-1|author=Anna Dallapiccola|year=2002|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind0000dall}}
* {{cite web|title=Thirunavukkarasar Varalaru(Thirunavukkarasar Biography)|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/nayanmar_view.php?nayan_idField=2}}
* {{cite book |first=G.|last=Vanmikanathan |title=Appar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27k3AAAAMAAJ |year=1983 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi }}
* {{cite book | title=Ethnic attachments in Sri Lanka: social change and cultural continuity| last=Sabaratnam| first=Lakshmanan | year=2001| publisher=Palgrave|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKYgia9hiB0C&q=tevaram&pg=PA26|isbn = 0-312-29348-8}}
* {{Citation |last=Vasudevan|first=Geetha |title=The royal temple of Rajaraja: an instrument of imperial Cola power|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7017-383-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1b1N_Dx0jsC&q=tevaram&pg=RA1-PA109}}
* {{cite book | title=A History of Indian literature Vol.10 (Tamil Literature)| last=Zvelebil| first=Kamil |author-link=Kamil Zvelebil| year=1974| publisher=Otto Harrasowitz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ33i496MsIC&q=five+epics+of+tamil+literature&pg=PA130|isbn = 3-447-01582-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Dorai Rangaswamy |first=M.A. |title=The Religion And Philosophy Of Tevaram, Book I (Volumes 1 and 2) |year=1958| publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.90326/page/n5/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book |last=Dorai Rangaswamy |first=M.A. |title=The Religion And Philosophy Of Tevaram, Book II (Volumes 3 and 4) |year=1959| publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.90325/page/n7/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book |author= R. Champakalakshmi| editor=Meenakshi Khanna |title=Cultural History of Medieval India |year=2007 |publisher=Social Science Press |location=Delhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbKv3zyIFD8C |isbn=978-81-87358-30-5 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Spencer |first=George W. |year=1970 |title=The Sacred Geography of the Tamil Shaivite Hymns |journal=Numen |volume=17 |issue=Fasc. 3 |pages=232–244 |doi=10.1163/156852770X00063 |jstor=3269705}}
* {{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Indira Viswanathan |author-link=Indira Viswanathan Peterson |year=1989 |title=Poems to Siva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691067674 |jstor=j.ctt7zvqbj |oclc=884013180}}
*{{cite journal|author=B.G.L. Swamy|year= 1975|title=The Date of the Tevaram Trio: An Analysis and Reappraisal|journal= Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Cultures|publisher=University of Madras| pages= 119–179}}
*{{cite book|author=G. Vanmikanathan|editor=N. Mahalingam|title=Periya Puranam: A Tamil Classic on the Great Saiva Saints of South India by Sekkizhar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffIMGgAACAAJ|year=1985|isbn=978-81-7823-148-8}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0173.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 4 part - 1 Poems(1-487)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0173.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 4 part - 2 Poems(488-1070)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0186.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 5 part - 1 Poems(1-509)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0173.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 5 part - 2 Poems(510-1016)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0192.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 6 part - 1 Poems(1-508)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
* {{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0196.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 6 part - 2 Poems(509-981)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=Project Madurai }}
{{refend}}

{{Nayanars}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Appar}}

[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Jainism]]
[[Category:Nayanars]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Tamil Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Chola poets]]

Yamunakalyani

2026-03-31T02:35:56Z

Arpan1314: put up a pg

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Yamunakalyani
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|M2|G3|P|D2|N3|D2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|M1|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Yamunakalyani''' is the [[Janya|janya raga]] of [[Kalyani (raga)|Mechakalyani]], the 65th [[Melakarta]] ragam.<ref name="raganidhi">{{Cite book|title = Raganidhi: A Comparative Study Of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Four (Q to Z)|last = Rao|first = B.Subba|publisher = The Music Academy|year = 1996|location = Madras|pages = 220}}</ref><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> It brings out Bhakthi, Sringara, Gambheera and Shantha rasas.

== Raga Lakshana ==
Yamunakalyani / Yaman kalyan / Yaman Kalyani is a Sampoorna Bhashanga Raga.It is said to be borrowed from Hindustani music and is the Carnatic adaptation of the Hindustani raga: [[Yaman Kalyan]]. Its [[arohana]]-[[avarohana]] is as follows:
*Arohana: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|M2|G3|P|D2|N3|D2|S'|foot=yes}}
*Avarohana: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|M1|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The swaras are Shadjam, Chathusruthi Rishabham, Antara Gandharam, Panchamam, Prathi Madhyamam, Chathusruthi Dhaivatham, Kakali Nishadam. Shudha Madhyama is seen in avarohana, but it must be used sparingly. Usually the avarohana is sung with a brief instance of M1<ref name="raganidhi2">{{Cite book|title = Raganidhi: A Comparative Study Of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Four (Q to Z)|last = Rao|first = B.Subba|publisher = The Music Academy|year = 1996|location = Madras|pages = 219}}</ref> between G3 and R2.

The jeeva swaras are– R, G, M, D and N.

S, G, P and N forms the Graha swaras. M1 is the anya swara. The characteristic phrases of this raga are NDNR -NRNG – DNRG. PMRGR – GMR SNRS(Ranjaka prayogas).

Another type of this raga, with ''shadava-shadava'' scale, according to some sources<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas" /> is as follows:
*Arohana: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|M2|P|D2|S'|foot=yes}}
*Avarohana: {{svaraC|S'|D2|P|M2|P|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

== Compositions ==
* Jambupathe set to Tisra Eka [[Tala (music)|Tala]] and Nanadagopala set to [[Adi tala]] by Muthuswamy [[Muthuswami Dikshitar|Dikshitar]]
* [[Krishna Ni Begane Baaro|Krishna Nee Begane]] by [[Vyasatirtha]]
* Bhavayami Gopalabalam, Nagavulu Nijamani by [[Annamacharya]]
* Pibare Ramarasam by [[Sadasiva Brahmendra]]
* O Rama Nee Nama and Narahari Deva Janardhana by Bhadrachala [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu|Ramadasu]]
* Sri Ramachandra Kripalu by [[Tulsidas|Sant Tulsidas]]
* Haridasulu, Vidhichakra, Rama Rama Rama Rama Mam Pahi, Sagarundu and Narayana Hari Narayana by [[Tyagaraja]]
* Jaya Jagadisha, Jaya Jaya Devi and Aaj Aaye by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* Kadana Vatsava Hari by [[Vijaya Dasa]]
* Bideno Ninnangri By Prasanna Venkata Dasaru
* Radha Sametha Krishna by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]
* Tunga Theera Virajam by Kamleksha Vitthaladasa
* Hari Darshan Ki Pyaasi by [[Surdas]]
* Achyutam Keshavam from the Achyutashtakam of [[Adi Shankaracharya]]
* Adi Nee Pai, a [[Javali]] by [[Dharmapuri Subbarayar]]
* Harismarana Mado by [[Purandara Dasa|Purandara Daasaru]]
* The Bhajan that India presented before the UNGA (Maithreem Bhajatham) in 1966 composed by the Kanchi Periyava and sung by [[MS Subbulakshmi]] is set to this [[Raga]] at certain parts of the Bhajan.

== Film Songs ==
===Songs in Tamil===
{|class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Dheena Karunakarane
|[[Thiruneelakantar]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Sindhanai Sei Maname
|[[Ambikapathy (1957 film)|Ambikapathy]]
|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Ennarumai Kadhalikku Vennilaave
|[[Ellarum Innattu Mannar]]
|[[T. G. Lingappa]]
|-
|Vennila Vaanil Varum
|[[Mannippu]]
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Mannavan Vandhaanadi
|[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Naan Anuppuvadhu
|[[Pesum Dheivam]]
|rowspan=3|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Kan Pona Pokile
|[[Panam Padaithavan]]
|rowspan="9" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Naan Enna Soliviten
|rowspan=2|''[[Bale Pandiya (1962 film)|Bale Pandiya]]''
|-
|Athikkai Kai Kai
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
|Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum
|[[Policekaran Magal]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kalaimangai Uruvam Kandu
|[[Maganey Kel]]
|[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
|-
|Mugathil Mugam Paarkalam
|[[Thanga Padhumai]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Leela]]
|-
|Vetkamaai Irukudhadi
| rowspan="2" |[[Paar Magaley Paar]]
|[[P. Leela]], [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
|Paar Magale Paar
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Maalai Soodum Mananaal
|[[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Isaikettal puvi
|[[Thavapudhalavan]]
| rowspan="8" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|rowspan=3|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Madhurayil Parantha
|[[Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]
|-
|Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna
|[[Deiva Magan]]
|-
|Chithirai Maadham
|[[Raman Ethanai Ramanadi]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kannan Vandhan
|[[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]]
|[[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Azhagenum Ooviyam
|[[Oorukku Uzhaippavan]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Varuvaan Vadivelan
|[[Varuvan Vadivelan]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|"Thai Maatha Megam"
|[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Then Sindhuthey
|[[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]
|[[G. K. Venkatesh]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vellai Pura Onru
|[[Puthukavithai]]
|rowspan="19"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kannale Kadhal Kavithai
|[[Athma (film)|Athma]]
|-
|Janani Janani
|[[Thaai Mookaambikai]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|Nathiyil Aadum
|[[Kaadhal Oviyam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
|-
|Devan Thantha Veenai
|[[Unnai Naan Santhithen]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (Solo Ver), ([[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]) (Duet Ver)
|-
|Oru Vanavil pole
|[[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Devan Kovil Deepam ondru
|[[Naan Paadum Paadal]]
|[[S. N. Surendar]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Aararo Aararo
|[[Anand (1987 film)|Anand]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Malaiyoram Mayile
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Siru Koottile Ulla
|[[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]
|[[K. S. Chitra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Naan Embathu Nee Allava
|[[Soora Samhaaram]]
|rowspan=2|[[Arunmozhi]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Odai Kuyil Oru
|[[Thalattu Padava]]
|-
|Amma Endruzhakatha
|[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kalaivaniye
|[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]
|-
|Yamunai Aatrile
|[[Thalapathy]]
|[[Mitali Banerjee Bhawmik]]
|-
|Kaatril Varum Geethame
|[[Oru Naal Oru Kanavu]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Yaar Veetil Roja
|[[Idaya Kovil]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Vanthal Mahalakshmi
|[[Uyarndha Ullam]]
|-
|Vizhigal Meeno
|[[Raagangal Maaruvathillai]]
|-
|Aazh Kadalil
|Raagam Thedum Pallavi
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|Pasamalare
|[[Neethibathi]]
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P.Susheela]]
|-
|Om Ganapathiye Ganapathiye
|[[Marumagal (1986 film)|Marumagal]]
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[Vani Jairam]] & Chorus
|-
|Varaga Nadhikaraiyoram
|[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]
|rowspan="9"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|Azhagu Nilave
|[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]
|[[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Enthan Vaanil
|[[Kadhal Virus]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]] (Humming only)
|-
|Kadhal Niagara
|[[En Swasa Kaatre]]
|Palakkad Sreeram, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Annupamaa]]
|-
|Neethan En Desiya Geetham
|[[Paarthale Paravasam]]
|P. Balram, [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Sakthi Kodu
|[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|Methuvagathan
|[[Kochadaiiyaan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Ey Maanburu Mangaiye
|[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|Yaarumilla Thaniarangil
|[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (soundtrack)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]
|[[Swetha Mohan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|Kathal Ennum Keerthanam
|En Aasai Rasathi
|Dr. Chandilyan
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Mudhan Mudhalil
|''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]''
|rowspan="3"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Gokulathu kanna
|[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Enthan Uyire Enthan Uyire
|[[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]
|Krishnaraj, [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Katrin Mozhi
|[[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|Balram, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Pudhu Malar Thottu
|[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]
|[[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
|-
|Naan Mozhi Arindhen
|[[Kanden Kadhalai]]
|[[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
|Yen Pennendru
|[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]
|Shiva
|[[Mohammed Aslam]], [[Bombay Jayashri]]
|-
|Kaadhal Aasai
|[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|-
|Never let me go
|[[Pyaar Prema Kaadhal]]
|Suranjan, [[Shweta Pandit]]
|-
|Kannanai Thedi
|[[Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal]]
|[[Srikanth Deva]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Vizhigalin Aruginil
|[[Azhagiya Theeye]]
|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|[[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
|-
|Mun Andhi
|[[7 Aum Arivu]]
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
|-
|Mellinamae Mellinamae
|[[Shahjahan (film)|Shahjahan]]
|[[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan=2|[[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
|Ennena Seidhom Ingu
|[[Mayakkam Enna]]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|Yen Aala Paakkaporaen
|[[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
|Sara Sara Saara Kaathu
|[[Vaagai Sooda Vaa]]
|[[Ghibran]]
|[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
|Kadhale Kadhale
|Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal
|Phani Kalyan
|Prasanna, Neha Nair
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Chalukyas of Vemulavada

2026-03-26T09:22:04Z

Arpan1314: new first pg basic info

{{Short description|Indian dynasty from the 7th to 10th centuries}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Chalukyas of Vemulavada
| common_name = Chalukyas of Vemulavada
| year_start = 7th century
| year_end = 10th century
| event_end =
| capital = [[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulavada]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| p1 = Rashtrakutas
| flag_p1 =
| p2 =
| s1 = Chalukyas of Kalyani
| flag_s1 =
| s2 =
| official_languages = [[language|Kannada]] [[Sanskrit]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| religion = [[Jainism]] [[Hinduism]]
| today = [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]] and [[Maharashtra]]
}}


<mapframe text="[[Find spot]]s of inscriptions issued during the Vemulavada Chalukya rule" width="263" height="294" zoom="6" longitude="78.86" latitude="18.46">{
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"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Kollipara]]" },
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},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "star", "title": "[[Vemulawada, Karimnagar district|Vemulavada]] (Vemulawada)" },
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The '''Chalukyas of Vemulavada''' were an Indian dynasty that ruled in and around the present-day [[Telangana]] between 7th and 10th centuries. Their capital was located at [[Vemulawada, Karimnagar district|Vemulavada]], and they were vassals of the [[Rashtrakuta]]s.
{{Chalukyas of Vemulavada}}

== History ==

The 966 CE [[Parabhani]] copper-plate inscription of king [[Arikesari III]] of Vemulavada claims that his dynasty descended from the Chalukyas of [[solar dynasty]].{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=3}} Not much is known about the early rulers of the dynasty. The [[Kollapur]] copper-plate inscription attributes several military victories to [[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya]] alias Yuddhamalla I (not to be confused with the [[Chalukyas of Badami|Badami Chalukya]] king [[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]], also titled Yuddhamalla). These victories amount to the subjugation of almost the entire [[Indian subcontinent]], and therefore, appear to be gross exaggerations.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=13}} It is possible that Vinayaditya was a feudatory of a powerful king, and participated in this king's military campaigns. This king could have been the [[Rashtrakuta]] ruler [[Dantidurga]], who was a contemporary of Vinayaditya.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=16-17}}

The dynasty's original capital was at Podana (modern [[Bodhan]]), but was later moved to Vemulavada, probably during the reign of Vinayaditya's successor [[Arikesari I]].{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=413}} According to the dynasty's inscription, Arikesari conquered [[Vengi]] and [[Trikalinga]]; this probably refers to his subjugation of the [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi Chalukya]] king [[Vishnuvardhana IV]] on the orders of his [[Rashtrakuta]] overlord [[Dhruva Dharavarsha]].{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=19-20}}

Little is known about the next two rulers, Arikesari's son Narasimha I and grandson Yuddhamalla II. [[Baddega I]], the son of Yuddhamalla II, was a distinguished general, and assumed the title ''Solada-ganda'' ("the unvanquished hero"). He defeated the Vengi Chalukya king Bhima I.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=21}} According to the Vemulavada court poets, Baddega's grandson [[Narasimha II of Vemulavada|Narasimha II]] subjugated the [[Lata (region)|Latas]], the seven [[Malavas]], and the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] king [[Mahipala I|Mahipala]].{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=24}} He achieved these victories in the service of his Rashtrakuta overlord [[Indra III]], in a campaign against the Gurjara-Pratiharas.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=25}}

[[Arikesari II]], the son of Narasimha II, married two Rashtrakuta princesses, including Lokambika and Revakanirmadi (the daughter of Indra III). His mother Jakavve was probably a sister of Indra III. Several military successes are attributed to him.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=30-31}} The noted [[Kannada language|Kannada]] poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]] was a court poet of Arikesari II. His ''[[Vikramarjuna Vijaya]]'' is an important source of the dynasty's history.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=2}}

Arikesari had two sons: Vagaraja and Bhadradeva (alias Baddega-Narasinga; son of Lokambika), who were half-brothers.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=42}} Vagaraja (r. c. 941–950) and Bhadradeva (r. c. 941–946) appear to have ruled simultaneously for a few years.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=6}} Vagaraja, who is known to have been ruling in 959 CE, was a feudatory of the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III. He accompanied Krishna III in a military campaign to Melpadi in present-day Chittoor district, and nothing else is known about his reign.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=41}} Vagaraja probably died without an heir, and was succeeded by Bhadradeva's son [[Arikesari III]], who is attested by the 966 CE [[Parbhani]] inscription.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=42}}

The subsequent history of the dynasty is unknown. It appears to have been overthrown by the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]] by the early 970s CE.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=42}}

== Cultural activities ==
[[File:10th century Bommalagutta Jain bas-reliefs and inscription, Telangana - 04.jpg|thumb|Relief of Jain Goddess [[Chakreshvari]] at [[Bommalagutta]] |267x267px]]

[[Baddega I]] commissioned the Baddegesvara temple at Vemulavada,{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=413}} which is identified with the modern Bheemesvara temple.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=416}} During the reign of Arikesari II, his father Narasimha's officer ''tantrapala'' Peddanarya established a temple of the [[Surya|Sun god]].{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=415}} His 10th-century inscription alludes to two other temples - Rajesvvara (possibly modern Kedaresvara temple{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=419}}) and Nagaresvara - which may have been commissioned by the Chalukyas of Vemulavada.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=413}}

Although the Chalukyas of Vemulavada patronized [[Shaivism]], they also favoured [[Jainism]]. Arikesari's Jain court poet [[Adikavi Pampa]] composed the [[Kannada language|Kannada]] classic ''[[Vikramarjuna Vijaya]]''. Pampa's brother Jina-vallabha established a Jain shrine called Tri-bhuvana-tilaka-Jinalaya on the Bommalagutta hillock near Kurikyala village in modern [[Karimnagar district]]. Jina-vallabha's wife Bhagiyabbe installed a metal ''Chatur-vimshati-patta'' image of [[Arihant (Jainism)|Jina]], and also established a [[Basadi]] (Jain shrine) named after her.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=415}}

Baddega II commissioned at Jain temple at Repaka, and endowed it with land grants. He also commissioned the Shubha-dhama Jinalaya for his Jain Preceptor and Court poet [[Somadeva Suri]], who migrated from the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara]] kingdom to the Chalukya kingdom during his reign. He also granted a village to Somadeva for the maintenance of this shrine. In the year 959, Somadeva composed ''[[Yashastilaka|Yashodhara-charita]]'' (or ''Yashas-tilaka-champu'') at Gangadhara in the Chalukya kingdom.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=415}}

== Rulers ==

Following is a list of the Vemulavada Chalukya rulers, with estimated periods of their reign:{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=6}}

* Satyashraya (c. 650-675 CE)
* Prithvipathi (c. 675-700 CE)
* Maharaja (c. 700-725 CE)
* Rajaditya (c. 725-750 CE)
* [[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya]] alias Yuddhamalla I (c. 750-755 CE)
* [[Arikesari I]] (c. 775-800 CE)
* Narasimha I (c. 800-825 CE)
* Yuddhamalla II (c. 825-850 CE)
* [[Baddega I]] alias ''Solada-ganda'' (c. 850-895 CE)
* Yuddhamalla III (c. 895-915 CE)
* [[Narasimha II of Vemulavada|Narasimha II]] (c. 915-930 CE)
* [[Arikesari II]] (c. 930-941 CE)
* Vagaraja (c. 941-950 CE); Bhadradeva or Baddega-Narasinga alias Baddega II (c. 941-946 CE)
* [[Arikesari III]] (c. 946-968 CE)

== Inscriptions ==

The following inscriptions of the dynasty have been discovered:

{| class="wikitable"
! [[Find spot]]
! Date
! Issuer
! Language
! Source
|-
| Kuravagatta, Mahboobnagar district
| c. 9th century
| Viragriha, son of [[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya]]
| Sanskrit and Kannada
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=7}}
|-
| [[Kollipara]]
| c. 9th century
| [[Arikesari I]]
| Sanskrit
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=7}}
|-
| [[Vemulawada, Karimnagar district|Vemulavada]]
| Undated
| [[Arikesari II]]
| Sanskrit
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=10}}
|-
| Kurikyala
| Undated
| [[Arikesari II]]
| Sanskrit, Kannada and Telugu
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=14}}
|-
| [[Karimnagar]]
| 946 CE
| [[Arikesari III]]
| Sanskrit and Kannada
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=16}}
|-
| [[Parbhani]]
| 966 CE
| [[Arikesari III]]
| Sanskrit
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=19}}
|-
| Repaka, Karimnagar district
| 968 CE
| [[Arikesari III]]
| Sanskrit and Kannada
| {{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=22}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Kolluru Suryanarayana |title=Inscriptions of the Minor Chalukya Dynasties of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4PCyXslrNsC |year=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-216-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Madhusudan A. Dhaky |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture |volume=1 - Part 3: South India - Upper Dravidadesa, Later phase A.D. 973- 1326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1GzJRNhnnsC |year=1996 |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies |isbn=978-81-86526-00-2 }}
*{{cite book |author=N Venkataramanayya |title=The Chālukyas of L(V)Ēmulavāḍa |publisher=Archaeological Department, Government of Hyderabad |year=1953 |oclc=958874923 |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/chalukyas-lvemulavada}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Chalukyas of Vemulavada| ]]

PokerFace: Dil Sachcha Chehra Jhootha

2026-03-22T16:51:34Z

Arpan1314: made info

{{Short description|Indian television game show}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{notability |date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = PokerFaceIndianVersion.jpg
| caption =
| creator = [[Miditech]]
| director =
| presenter = [[Sharman Joshi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Sumit of 'Sumit Sambhal Lega'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/who-is-sumit-of-sumit-sambhal-lega/photostory/47939466.cms?picid=47939485 |website=The Times of India |access-date=22 March 2026 |date=4 July 2015}}</ref>
| producer =
| country = India
| network = [[Real TV (Indian Channel)|Real TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2009|3|2}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2009|3|8}}
| language = Hindi English
| num_seasons = 1
}}

'''''PokerFace: Dil Sachcha Chehra Jhootha''''' is an Indian [[game show]] inspired by the UK series ''[[PokerFace (game show)|PokerFace]]''. It debuted on 2 March 2009 on [[Real TV (Indian Channel)|Real TV]] and ran for seven consecutive nights.

==Premise==
Hosted by [[Sharman Joshi]], the show pitted six contestants against each other in a knowledge-based quiz show where contestants were encouraged to [[Bluff (poker)|bluff]] about their performances. On each nightly airing, every round had 5 questions (8 in the first round) with three possible answers, and contestants had five seconds to lock in their answers. After the correct answer is revealed, gold check marks and red crosses determined who got the answers correct.

At the end of each round, contestants were offered the opportunity to [[Fold (poker)|fold]], at which point they could go home with current winnings. The contestants stood in front of red buttons and had 10 seconds to push the red button to exit the game and go home with their winnings. If no players took the opportunity to fold, the player with the lowest actual score was eliminated and would go home with nothing.

==Outcome==
The contest was won by Dinesh Vohra, with Freanahita Nair in second place.{{fact|date=November 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Real (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on British television series]]

Chandamama

2026-03-22T13:32:47Z

Arpan1314:

{{Short description|Indian children's magazine}}
{{Redirect|Ambili Ammavan|the 1986 Malayalam film|Ambili Ammavan (film)}}
{{other uses}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{POV|date=April 2023}}
{{Original research|date=April 2023}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Chandamama
| image_file = Chandamama 1947 07.pdf
| image_size = 234px
| image_caption = The first [[Telugu language|Telugu]] issue of Chandamama (చందమామ) on 15 August 1947 on the occasion of Independence Day.
| company = Geodesic Limited (formerly Geodesic Information Systems Limited)|
| frequency = Monthly
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (as ''Chandamama/చందమామ'') [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (as ''Ambulimama/அம்புலிமாமா'') [[Kannada language|Kannada]] (as ''Chandamama/ಚಂದಮಾಮ'') [[Sanskrit]] [[Assamese language|Assamese]] (as ''Chandmama/চান্দমামা'') [[Hindi]] (as ''Chandamama/चन्दामामा'') [[Odia language|Odia]] (as ''Jahnamaamu/ଜହ୍ନମାମୁଁ'') [[English language|English]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (as ''Chandoba/चाँदवा'') [[Malayalam]] (as ''Ambili Ammavan/അമ്പിളി അമ്മാവൻ'') [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (as ''Chadmama/চাঁদমামা'')
| category = Children's magazine
| founded = {{Start date and age|1947|07|df=y}}
| finaldate = March 2013
| country = India
| issn =
}}
'''''Chandamama''''' was a classic [[India]]n monthly magazine for children, known for its illustrations and long-running mythological and magical stories.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Shubhangi |date=2020-05-09 |title=Chandamama, the magazine that taught generations about ethics and India for six decades |url=https://theprint.in/feature/chandamama-the-magazine-that-taught-generations-about-ethics-and-india-for-six-decades/416246/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

The magazine was originally launched in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by [[Aluri Chakrapani|Chakrapani]] and [[Nagi Reddi]], who later gained prominence as Telugu film producers. It was edited for 28 years by [[Kodavatiganti Kutumbarao|Kodavatiganti Kutumba Rao]], a close friend of Chakrapani and a prominent figure in [[Telugu literature]], until his death in August 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Shubhangi |date=2020-05-09 |title=Chandamama, the magazine that taught generations about ethics and India for six decades |url=https://theprint.in/feature/chandamama-the-magazine-that-taught-generations-about-ethics-and-india-for-six-decades/416246/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2007, Chandamama was acquired by Geodesic, a [[Mumbai]]-based software services company, with plans to transition the 60-year-old magazine into the digital era. However, the magazine is now defunct because Geodesic defaulted on outstanding loans and was ordered to be wound up by the [[Mumbai High Court]].<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=Geodesic gets winding up order from Bombay high court |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/noRT1A5C4yUFKZ3qFsF3iI/Geodesic-gets-winding-up-order-from-Bombay-high-court.html |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |publisher=}}</ref>

As of July 2016, the current status of the magazine is uncertain, as the parent company Geodesic is undergoing liquidation. The ''Chandamama'' brand and IP are expected to be sold off in due course. The magazine's official website has expired and been dropped by the owners and the current website is not associated with ''Chandamama''.

==The Magazine==
The main features of [[Hindu mythology|Indian Mythology]] were completely written by [[Kodavatiganti Kutumbarao|Kutumbarao]], who also developed the magazine by encouraging young writers in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and adapted them to suit the Telugu written style that he made so popular in Andhra and the Telugu speaking people for decades. Some of the stories and the folklore features were written by [[Dasari Subrahmanyam]], who made serials like Patala Durgam, etc. also very popular.

It was revamped in November 2008 and had gone contemporary in terms of language, presentation, artwork, and content. While it continued to carry old favourites like [[Vetala Panchavimshati]] and mythological tales, there were several new additions including contemporary stories, adventure serials, sports, technology, news pages, etc. Considering the new trends in children's literature and the emerging importance given to academic study and analysis of the same, Chandamama had striven to keep its editorial policies in line with the times. As the oldest brand in the field, Chandamama had taken up the responsibility of delivering entertaining, sensitive, and educational literature for its young readers.

Chandamama was published in 13 languages (including English), and had a readership of about 200,000.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1869114.cms Disney set to tell Chandamama stories]</ref>

==Style of storytelling==
The magazine started the trend of storytelling which is bound by common thread of moral values, with a grandparents' style of storytelling in a flexible [[Narrative mode|third-person narrative mode]], on print.

The stories published have been drawn from numerous historical and modern texts in India, as well as from other countries. Mythology, epics, fables, parables and even useful hearsay were spun suitably to feed the impressionable minds so that they seek the right direction in life, even while entertaining them thoroughly.
The stories embedded in the never-ending story of King [[Vikramāditya]] and Vetala (Vampire), an adaptation of an ancient Sanskrit work [[Baital Pachisi]], brought wide repute to this magazine, and were also featured in popular TV serials. In each issue, the Vetala, in order to prevent him fulfilling a vow, poses a typical catch-22 question to king Vikramāditya, involving a moral dilemma. The wise king answers correctly, and is thus defeated by the Vetala, forcing the king to do it all over again and again.

==History==
[[File:Chandamama_Magazine_team.png|thumb|Chandamama Magazine team in 1952]]
The first edition of Chandamama was released in July 1947. The founder editor of the magazine was [[Alur Chakrapani|Chakrapani]]. It was printed and published by [[B.Nagi Reddy|Nagi Reddi]] who later became a leading film producer in South India. [[Alur Chakrapani|Chakrapani]], a friend of Nagi Reddy, was the force behind magazine, and his vision, perception and understanding of the target readership brought name and fame to the magazine.

Chandamama was first published in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (as Ambulimama) in July 1947. [[Kannada]] edition first appeared in July 1949 followed by Hindi in August 1949. [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (as Chandoba) and [[Malayalam]] (as Ambili Ammavan) editions appeared in April 1952 followed by [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] in 1954, English in 1955, [[Odia language|Odia]] (as Jahnamamu)<ref name="JahNamamu.com">{{cite web | url=http://jahnamamu.com/ | title=Unknown | access-date=16 March 2024 | archive-date=19 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819040649/http://jahnamamu.com/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] in 1956, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (as Chadmama) in July 1972, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] in 1975, [[Assamese language|Assamese]] in 1976, [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] in 1978, [[Sanskrit]] in April 1984 and [[Santali language|Santali]] in 2004. The Punjabi, Sindhi and Sinhala editions were published only for a short period. No English editions were published from October 1957 to June 1970. The magazine ceased publication in 1998, owing to labour disputes. However, the magazine relaunched a year later. It was available in 12 Indian languages and English.

For many decades, Chandamama's illustrators defined the look of the magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pande |first=Mrinal |date=2017-12-11 |title=If not for ‘Chandamama’, my generation may have never realised the beauty of age-old Indian tales |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/860554/if-not-for-chandamama-my-generation-may-have-never-realised-the-beauty-of-age-old-indian-tales |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> They included such names as [[M. T. V. Acharya]], T. Veera Raghavan, who signed his work as Chithra; [[Vaddadi Papaiah]], who signed as Vapa; Kesava Rao who signed as Kesava; M. Gokhale; and [[K. C. Sivasankaran]], alias Sankar, who joined Chandamama in the year 1951. Later artists such as [[ShakthiDass|Shakthi Dass]]; M. K. Basha, who signed as Razi; Gandhi Ayya, aka Gandhi; and P. Mahesh (Mahe), also continued the tradition into current times.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reddi|first=B. Vishwanatha|title=''Chandamama: Celebrating 60 Wonderful Years''|year=2008|publisher=Chandamama India Ltd|location=Chennai}}</ref> Initially, the covers were printed in four-colours, while the illustrations inside used line drawings. Each page of Chandamama had an illustration, although in the strict sense of the term, Chandamama is not a comic book, with the exception of the Chitra-katha column.

==Ownership==
The magazine has been in family hands since foundation, and the current publisher, B Viswanatha Reddy, continued the tradition after taking over the affairs of the magazine from his father. In 1999, the company was floated as a public limited organization, with [[Morgan Stanley]] taking a sizable stake in the company.

The last editor was Prashant Mulekar of Geodesic.

In August 2006, it was reported that Disney was set to buy a stake in Chandamama. In 2007, Chandamama was acquired by technology company Geodesic Information Systems.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2007 |title=Geodesic to buy Chandamama for Rs 10 crore |work=The Times Of India |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Infotech/Software/Geodesic_to_buy_Chandamama_for_Rs_10_crore/articleshow/1729236.cms}}</ref>

As of July 2016, the current status of the magazine is unknown, as the parent company Geodesic is under the liquidation process and the Chandamama brand and IP is expected to be sold off in due course. The official website of the magazine was allowed to expire and drop by the magazine owners and the current website is not associated with the Chandamama magazine.

==Chandamama in the 21st Century==
With the acquisition by a technology company, Chandamama has announced that it will digitize and make available much of its content via digital libraries and on the web. In addition, Chandamama Multimedia CDs have also been published.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 January 2007 |title=Chandamama to digitise archived issues |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/27/stories/2007012717870500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210160113/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/27/stories/2007012717870500.htm |archive-date=10 February 2007}}</ref>

In late 2007, Chandamama released its revamped internet presence to better cater to readers who demand information and content beyond the printed publication. It has also tied up with satellite radio service provider Worldspace to bring the Indian storytelling tradition live through radio.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage.php?autono=307785&leftnm=6&subLeft=0&chkFlg= Comics are serious business]</ref>

In July 2008, the publication launched its online portal in Telugu, English, Hindi and Tamil. It declared that all 60 years publication in all Indian languages would be put online soon.<ref>[http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/pressnews/chandamama-tamilhindi-sites-launched/17/03/345828 Chandamama Tamil/Hindi sites launched]</ref>

Chandamama has stopped publishing in all languages from March 2013, without issuing any press release and without giving any notifications or refund to subscribers. A message was given on the official Facebook page of the magazine on 30 May 2013 saying that they could not publish issues from March 2013 because of technical problems, and the magazine would restart publishing from July 2013 onwards. However, the official website of the magazine also went down in July 2013, saying "We are currently doing some enhancement and upgrades to the website. We will be back soon."

In July 2016, the original website of the magazine was allowed to expire by the parent company and it was dropped. Currently, the website is no longer associated with the Chandamama magazine or the parent company.

In Aug 2017, website Chandamama.in [https://www.chandamama.in/main.php Link] was started to preserve the Chandamama culture for future generations. This website has more than 10 languages and growing with the community support. The website provides access to old magazines free of cost.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |title=Official website |url=http://chandamama.com/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517040757/http://chandamama.com/ |archivedate=17 May 2014}}
*[https://www.chandamama.in Archive of Chandamama issues]
*[http://www.rediff.com/business/1999/sep/22chand2.htm Interview with B. Vishwanatha Reddy]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2611627.ece An article about Sankar in The Hindu]
*[https://www.chandamama.in New Chandamama Site]
*[http://www.medianama.com/2014/08/223-geodesic-being-wound-up-following-failure-to-pay-loans-157m-fccbs-fraud-alleged GEODESIC Fraud Details - Medianama article]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2013 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Children's magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Comics magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1947]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 2013]]
[[Category:Malayalam comics]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Multilingual magazines]]

Amithash Pradhan

2026-03-17T23:12:00Z

Arpan1314: made initial entry w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amithash Pradhan
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|10|12}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actor
| father= Girish Pradhan
| years_active = 2008{{Endash}}present
}}

'''Amithash Pradhan''' (born 12 October 1990) is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2022 |title=Amitash Pradhan & Kashmira's film titled Paramporul |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitash-pradhan-kashmiras-film-titled-paramporul/articleshow/89997006.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' was his introduction to films, albeit a tiny role, just as he completed his schooling.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitash-pradhan-reveals-that-his-first-camera-experience-was-with-suriya/articleshow/77468258.cms|title=Amitash Pradhan reveals that his first camera experience was with Suriya|website=The Times of India}}</ref> His professional acting breakthrough came in 2014 with the Tamil film ''[[Velaiyilla Pattathari]]'', in which he plays the role of the antagonist against Dhanush. The film went on to make waves as the highest grossing Tamil film of 2014 and Amitash got recognition for being called an "[[Amul]]" baby by Dhanush's character.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitash-pradhans-most-cherished-moment/articleshow/76708555.cms|title=Amitash Pradhan's most cherished moment|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Telugu film director [[Srinu Vaitla]] cast him in his Telugu film ''[[Bruce Lee - The Fighter]]'', marking his Telugu debut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/amitash-pradhan-in-ram-charans-next/|title=Amitash Pradhan in Ram Charan's next|date=16 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/%E2%80%98Amul-Baby%E2%80%99-goes-to-Hollywood/article14001603.ece|title=VIP-fame Amitash Pradhan to be cast in Hollywood film|date=16 January 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

He made his Hollywood debut in the year 2015 with playing male lead in the movie [[Heartbeats (2017 film)|''Heartbeats'']] directed by [[Duane Adler]] of the ''[[Step Up (TV series)|Step Up]]'' series was a significant phase for him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/dec/30/vip-villain-to-be-a-hollywood-hero-862440.html|title=VIP Villain to be a Hollywood Hero|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He plays the role of Aseem Kapoor, an Indian choreographer with whom Krystal Ellsworth, an American dancer falls in love and the film celebrates their love and the tough path they had to tread.

He played one of the primary characters in ''[[Vaanam Kottattum]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200719/shanthanu-bhagyaraj-and-amitash-pradhan-new-additions-in-mani-ratnam.html|title=Shanthanu Bhagyaraj and Amithash Pradhan, new additions in Mani Ratnam's film|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=20 July 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He alongside [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]] which was bankrolled by [[Madras Talkies]], a [[Mani Ratnam]]'s production house.

He was also a part of an anthology called ''[[Kutty Story]]'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kutty Story' movie review: The good and the bad co-exist in this latest anthology |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/feb/13/kutty-story-movie-review-the-good-and-the-bad-co-exist-in-this-latest-anthology-2263256.html |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> by four eminent directors of South and he featured in [[A. L. Vijay]]'s episode along with [[Megha Akash]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gautham-menons-kutty-story-has-been-titled-ethirpara-mutham/articleshow/80766566.cms|title=Gautham Menon's kutty story has been titled Ethirpara Mutham|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In the film [[Thalli Pogathey (film)|''Thalli Pogathey'']] (2021), a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Ninnu Kori]],'' Amithash acted as one of the leads alongside [[Atharvaa]] and [[Anupama Parameswaran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/atharvaa-anupama-parameswarans-thalli-pogathey-release-theatres-156277|title=Atharvaa-Anupama Parameswaran's Thalli Pogathey to release in theatres|date=8 October 2021|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

His next film, ''[[Paramporul (film)|Paramporul]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paramporul |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/paramporul/movieshow/90101800.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in 2023 had [[R. Sarathkumar]] and himself in the lead roles. He also made his playback singing debut with the song "Sippara Rippara",<ref name="T">{{Cite web |title=First single for Paramporul, composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, to release tomorrow |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/10/first-single-for-paramporul-composed-by-yuvan-shankar-raja-to-release-tomorrow-33606.html |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> along with [[Shankar Mahadevan]] in the same film under [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]'s musical.

== Personal life ==
His father Girish Pradhan is also an actor and Amitash was named after [[Amitabh Bachchan]] while the ending of his name "sh" was taken from his father's name.<ref>{{cite web | title=Hero Girish tells about Legendary Director Viswanath's Seriousness at work | Alitho Saradaga| work = [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] | via=[[YouTube]] | date=29 November 2020 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFgTVzlJwz0 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2008 ||''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]''|| Krishnan's college friend || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Velaiyilla Pattathari]]''|| Arun Subramaniam ||
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Bruce Lee - The Fighter]]''||Rahul || Telugu ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Heartbeats (2017 film)|Heartbeats]]'' || Aseem Kapoor || English ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Vaanam Kottatum]]'' || Kalyan Reddy || rowspan="3" | Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021 ||''[[Kutty Story]]'' || Vikram || [[Amazon Prime]] anthology film; Segment: ''Avanum Naanum''
|-
|''[[Thalli Pogathey (film)|Thalli Pogathey]]'' || Arun ||
|-
|2022
|''[[Krishna Vrinda Vihari]]'' || Nandan ||Telugu ||
|-
|2023
|''[[Paramporul (film)|Paramporul]]''
|Aadhi
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2023 |title=Amitash Pradhan & Sarath Kumar's 'Paramporul' to release on September 1 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitash-pradhan-sarath-kumars-paramporul-to-release-on-september-1/articleshow/102710727.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

;As playback singer
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Notes
|-
| 2020 || "Corona Kannala" || <ref>{{Cite news |title=Corona Kannala, a love song for today's times |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/corona-kannala-a-love-song-for-todays-times/articleshow/77658050.cms}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || "Arakkiye" || <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2021 |title=I want to contribute a lot to the Tamil indie music scene: Amitash Pradhan |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-want-to-contribute-a-lot-to-the-tamil-indie-music-scene-amitash-pradhan/articleshow/80881730.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || "Sippara Rippara" || from the film ''[[Paramporul (film)|Paramporul]]'' <ref name="T"/>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7824428}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pradhan, Amitash}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Anna University alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Nahar Singh Mahal

2026-03-17T13:42:06Z

Arpan1314: small changes

{{Short description|Fort in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
[[File:Raja_Nahar_Singh.jpg|thumb|right|Raja Nahar Singh Tewatia]]
'''Nahar Singh Mahal''' is located at [[Ballabhgarh]] in [[Faridabad district]] of [[Haryana]].<ref name=mahal2/><ref name=mahal1/> This fort was built by the forefathers of Raja [[Nahar Singh]] around 1739 AD, and after whom Ballabgarh was named, the construction however continued in parts till about 1850. The fort is also known as Raja Nahar Singh Palace.<ref name=mahal2>{{cite web |title=Raja Nahar Singh Palace |url=http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/rajanaharsingh.asp |publisher=[[Haryana Tourism]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628070339/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/rajanaharsingh.asp |archive-date=28 June 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=mahal3>Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal, Phal S. Girota, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GAfgAAAAMAAJ Fairs and Festivals of India: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh]</ref>

==Architecture==
The elaborate cupolas and minarets of this double-storeyed sandstone structure are fashioned around a vast central courtyard. The palace has six tastefully decorated guest rooms, replete with royal ambiance.<ref name=mahal1>Vinod Mehta, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uSBuAAAAMAAJ Delhi and NCR city guide], Page 443.</ref> The fort was decorated with minars on its four corners of which only two can be seen now due to age and neglect. The palace holds a ''Darbar-e-aam'' (Hall of Public Audience) and a Rang Mahal decorated with a beautiful [[Chhatri]].<ref name=mahal3/>

==Restoration==
[[File:Aman Nath 1.jpg|thumb|Aman Nath with his book "Jaipur: The last Destination"]]
[[Government of Haryana]] entrusted its restoration to the well-known specialists [[:fr:Francis Wacziarg|Francis Wacziarg]] and [[Aman Nath]].<ref name=mahal3/> Aman Nath, a founding member of [[INTACH]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intach.org/people-fmembers.php|title=Founder Members|website=[[INTACH]]|access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> and his French business partner Francis Wacziarg, are conservationists and the founders of [[Neemrana Hotels]].<ref name=frontline>Alka Pande, {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607025129/http://www.hinduonnet.com/folio/fo9908/99080400.htm A new lease of life]}}, ''[[The Hindu]]'', 1 August 1999</ref>

==Current status==

===Heritage hotel ===

This palace is now a heritage property managed by [[Haryana Tourism]].<ref name=mahal1/> It has been renovated and converted into a motel-cum-restaurant. The palace has been renewed into an outstanding specimen of architectural design with help of team of experts.<ref name=mahal2/><ref name=mahal1/>

===Kartik Cultural Festival===
{{anchor | Kartik | Festival | Kartik Cultural Festival | Kartik Festival | Kartikc cultural festival | Kartik festival }}

'''Kartik Cultural Festival''', the main annual fair held in the month of November since 1996, is celebrated at Nahar Singh Mahal. It is held by the [[Haryana Tourism]], during the bright and auspicious autumn month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]] as per [[Vikram Samvat]] calendar.<ref name=balidan8>L. C. Gupta and M. C. Gupta, 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nAexAAAAIAAJ Haryana on Road to Modernisation]</ref><ref name=balidan10>2008, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8121209714 Encyclopaedia of Cities and Towns in India] Volume 1, Page 79.</ref><ref name=balidan7>1998, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7QJuAAAAMAAJ Rashtriya Sahara], Volume 6, Issues 7-12, Page 126.</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.india.com.my/faridabad/raja_nahar_singh_palace.htm India Tours & Travels Information Portal]

== See also ==
* [[Asigarh Fort]] at [[Hansi]]
* [[Chhachhrauli#Chhachhrauli Fort|Chhachhrauli Fort]]
* [[Firoz Shah Palace Complex|Firoz Shah Fort]] at Hisar
* [[Loharu#Loharu Fort|Loharu Fort]]
* [[Madhogarh Fort, Haryana]]
* [[Maham#Meham Fort|Meham Fort]]
* [[Haryana Tourism]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]] in [[Haryana]]
* [[List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India]]

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

{{Forts of Haryana}}
{{Forts in India}}
{{coord missing|Haryana}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1739]]
[[Category:Forts in Haryana]]
[[Category:Palaces in Haryana]]
[[Category:Faridabad district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Haryana]]
[[Category:Heritage hotels in India]]
[[Category:1739 establishments in Asia]]

Krutant

2026-03-04T09:41:03Z

Arpan1314: Starting The Article Nd Citations

{{Short description|2019 Indian Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Krutant
| image = Krutant film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Datta Mohan Bhandare
| screenplay = Datta Bhadare Ravi Lokare
| story = Datta Mohan Bhandare
| producer = Miiheer Shah Jitu Ranka (Jolly) Sharad Mishra
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sandeep Kulkarni]]
*[[Suyog Gorhe]]
*Sayli Patil
*Vidya Karanjikar
*Vaishnavi Patwardhan
}}
| cinematography = Vijay Mishra
| editing = Prachi Rohidas
| music = '''Music:''' [[Vijay Narayan Gavande]] '''Lyrics:''' [[Guru Thakur]] Mandar Cholkar
| studio = Rain Rose Films
| distributor = Pickle Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|2019|01|18|df=yes}}
| runtime = 126 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Krutant''''' is a 2019 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Psychological thriller]] film directed by Datta Mohan Bhandare and produced by Miiheer Shah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Krutant (2019) |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-5z5d71/krutant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184602/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-5z5d71/krutant/ |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> The film stars [[Sandeep Kulkarni]], [[Suyog Gorhe]] and Sayli Patil in lead roles. It was theatrically released on 18 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-17 |title=Krutant Marathi Movie Review : A dull mystery story with a twist |url=https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/krutant-marathi-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184602/https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/krutant-marathi-movie-review/ |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Lokmat |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=After Sairat Could It Be Krutant To Create Box Office Havoc? |url=https://bollyy.com/after-sairat-could-it-be-krutant-to-create-box-office-havoc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201191019/https://bollyy.com/after-sairat-could-it-be-krutant-to-create-box-office-havoc/ |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Bollyy}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Samyak is a workaholic who struggles to balance his personal and professional life. However, on the insistence of his friends, he agrees to go a trip to [[Konkan]] with his friends. On the way, he meets Baba, a wise old man whose story changes his life.

== Cast ==

* [[Sandeep Kulkarni]] as Baba<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-14 |title=I look out for like-minded people: Sandeep Kulkarni |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-look-out-for-like-minded-people-sandeep-kulkarni/story-oEj2vz88W0MryxRbUWqbZI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184602/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-look-out-for-like-minded-people-sandeep-kulkarni/story-oEj2vz88W0MryxRbUWqbZI.html |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* [[Suyog Gorhe]] as Samyak<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=कृतांत |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/krutant/moviereview/67560614.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184602/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/krutant/moviereview/67560614.cms |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sayli Patil as Reva<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-29 |title=Suyog Gorhe - Sayli Patil Pair Up For A Suspense Thriller » Glamsham |url=https://www.glamsham.com/bollywood/news/suyog-gorhe-and-sayli-patil-come-together-for-krutant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184603/https://www.glamsham.com/bollywood/news/suyog-gorhe-and-sayli-patil-come-together-for-krutant |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref>
* Vidya Karanjikar as Samyak's mother
* Vaishnavi Patwardhan<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-29 |title=Photos: Vaishnavi Patwardhan is a vision in white in her latest photoshoot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/photos-vaishnavi-patwardhan-is-a-vision-in-white-in-her-latest-photoshoot/articleshow/71804496.cms |access-date=2023-10-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Krutant
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Vijay Gavande
| caption =
| released = 2019
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:09
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio|{{YouTube |1ieplBokw68|Krutant - Full Album}}
}}
}}
The music is composed by [[Vijay Narayan Gavande]].{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ye Firuni Bhet Punha
| length1 = 5:20
| lyrics1 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra1 = [[Priyanka Barve]]
| title2 = Tu Aani Mi
| length2 = 4:34
| lyrics2 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra2 = [[Hrishikesh Ranade]] Amita Ghugari
| title3 = Thamb Kinchit Thamb
| length3 = 3:06
| lyrics3 = [[Guru Thakur]]
| extra3 = [[Guru Thakur]] Santosh Bote
| total_length = 13:09
}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Fim received mixed reviews from critics. Rishab Deb of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and addressed as the average film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Krutant Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/krutant/movie-review/67589285.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Tejal Gawade of ''[[Lokmat]]'' gave 2 out of 5 and wrote "Although the content of the movie is very good, the director has not been able to present it properly. The plot of the film feels disjointed at some places. The premise of the film is very boring and feels like a lecture. Philosophy aside, the film again builds suspense as the mystery begins.The attempt to make the movie exciting by giving a twist of suspense to a simple story has failed miserably."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-17 |title=Krutant Marathi Movie Review : वळणावरील निरस गूढ कथा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/krutant-marathi-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184602/https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/krutant-marathi-movie-review/ |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Lokmat |language=mr-IN}}</ref> ''[[ABP Majha]]'' gave 2 stars and praised acting and addressed that the film falls a little short of being great.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-18 |title=कृतांत : जगणं सोपं करण्याचा प्रयत्न |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/movie-review-of-marathi-film-krutant-624863 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219225704/https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/movie-review-of-marathi-film-krutant-624863 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref> Mukund Kule of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' rated 2.5 out of 5 stars said "Overall the story is good, but the setting is a bit boring and clunky. An attempt has been made to make the movie mysterious by giving a suspenseful twist to the simple story of the movie."<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|9575388}}
*

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:2019 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in forests]]
[[Category:Films about schizophrenia]]

Mane (film)

2026-03-03T23:38:38Z

Arpan1314: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mane
| image = Mane film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = [[Girish Kasaravalli]]
| producer = Girish Kasaravalli '''(Kannada version)''' [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]] '''(Hindi version)'''
| writer =
| screenplay = Girish Kasaravalli
| story = T. G. Raghava
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Naseeruddin Shah]] [[Deepti Naval]] [[Rohini Hattangadi]]
| music = [[L. Vaidyanathan]]
| cinematography = [[S. Ramachandra]]
| editing = M. N. Swamy
| studio =
| distributor = Apoorva Chithra
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1990|||Kannada|1991|08|16|Hindi}}
| runtime = 117 minutes '''(Kannada version)''' 98 minutes '''(Hindi version)'''
| country = India
| language = Kannada Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mane''''' ({{langx|en|House}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Kannada language]] film directed by [[Girish Kasaravalli]] starring [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Rohini Hattangadi]] in lead roles. The film was made simultaneously in Hindi as '''''Ek Ghar''''' (''One House'').

==Plot==
Rajanna ([[Naseeruddin Shah]]) and Geeta ([[Deepti Naval]]) move into their newly rented house, a badly built room in a compound also housing a noisy motor-mechanic's shop, allowing no sleep. The couple seek the help of Geeta's aunt ([[Rohini Hattangadi]]), who knows a senior police officer. When the mechanic's shop is closed down, it is replaced by the policeman's nephew's equally noisy video games parlour. Rajanna works in a factory building large earth-moving vehicles: in the end, when the couple decide to move into a slum, these vehicles are seen in a [[Slum clearance in India|slum clearance]] drive led by the police. The film lavishly deploys surreally symbolic images: a giant four-poster bed in a small room, colour continuities between tractors, large metal drums in the street and the haldi (saffron) which the couple put on the walls to keep pests away, the yawning vehicles in the garage and the destructive imagery of the video games. Mane is Kasaravalli's first explicitly urban film.

==Overview==
Mane is a Kafkaesque tale about a young couple (Naseeruddin Shah and Deepti Naval) that moves to the city from a village with the hope of finding privacy and freedom, which are unavailable in the joint family system.

Arriving in the city with a hope to find a cosy little home, Rajanna and Geeta are happy when they find one such house. One day they find a workshop opening up next door. Rajanna is indignant at the noises coming from the workshop but he is helpless. Geeta, meanwhile, gets the shed vacated with the help of the police inspector. Rajanna seeks the help of the workmen who had earlier occupied the shed to take Geeta away from the environment. But discovers that their slum is being demolished to make way for a multinational.

For all its narrative excursions, in a sense, Mane is merely about the breakup of a marriage in which the Rossellinian couple, unable to confront each other directly amidst the loneliness of the city, externalizes their troubles – his powerlessness, her desire for freedom and their childlessness – and shifts blame on situations beyond their control in order to act victims. Kasaravalli works wonder with film and sound here, using them to denote the impending break down. (One stunning shot uses the neon lights of the neighbourhood to literally break apart the frame). A critique on urban spaces that suffocate more than they promise privacy, Mane unfolds like a sociological update on ''[[Rear Window]]'' (1954), in which personal anxieties and fears are displaced onto the surroundings and, specifically, onto a lower social class. In that sense, Mane connects all the way to the director's latest work in the manner in which it raises questions about the visibility of the class structure and the seeming imperceptibility of the consequences of acts of one class on the other. Mane is full of such encroachments of freedom by other competing notions of freedom – between classes, between houses and between spouses.<ref>{{cite web |title= The Films Of Girish Kasaravalli |url= http://theseventhart.info/2011/03/13/the-films-of-girish-kasaravalli/ |website= theseventhart.info|date= 13 March 2011 }}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Rajashekhara K. S.
* [[Deepti Naval]] as Geetha
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Rajashekhara's aunty
* Mico Chandru
* B. S. Achar
* BHEL Krishna
* Shanta Devi
{{Div col end}}

==Awards and recognition==
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada]]
*This film screened 14th IFFI panorama.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0102389|Mane}}
* {{IMDb title|0231520|Ek Ghar}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|505559|Ek Ghar}}

{{Girish Kasaravalli}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Kannada}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1990 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Girish Kasaravalli]]
[[Category:Best Kannada Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1990s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:1990 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1990 drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in slums]]

Moodu Mullu

2026-03-03T19:09:04Z

Arpan1314: refine page additionally and improved wording

{{short description|1983 film by Jandhyala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Moodu Mullu
| image = Moodu Mullu.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Jandhyala]]
| producer = P. Sasibhusan<ref name="indiancine.ma" />
| screenplay = Jandhyala
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]'' (Tamil) by [[K. Bhagyaraj]]}}
| starring = [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
| music = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
| cinematography = [[S. Gopal Reddy]]
| editing = [[Gautam Raju]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]] Sri Saradhi Studios
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1983|09|09}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Moodu Mullu''''' ({{translation|Three knots}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Jandhyala]]. It is a remake of the 1983 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]''. The film stars [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]] and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]. It was released on 9 September 1983 and emerged a commercial success.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=December 2020}}

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref name="indiancine.ma" />
{{Cast listing|
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as ''Master-u''<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Gowri<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Geetha, ''Master-u''{{'}}s colleague<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Rajyalakshmi]] as ''Master-u''{{'}}s ex-wife (cameo)<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Kantha Rao]] as President Dharmayya<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Suthi Velu]]
* [[Suthi Veerabhadra Rao]]
* [[Nalinikanth]] as Ratnam<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Dubbing Janaki|Janaki]]
* Gangaratnam
* [[Telangana Shakuntala|Shakuntala]]
* [[Ali (actor)|Master Ali]] as a naughty student<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Chakri Toleti|Master Chakravarthy]] as a naughty student<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Thavakalai Chittibabu|Vichitra Kumar]] as a naughty student<ref name="telugucinema" />
* Yoganand as ''Master-u''{{'}}s son<ref name="telugucinema" />
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as a priest<ref name="telugucinema" />
}}

== Production ==
''Moodu Mullu'' is a remake of the 1983 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poornima |date=28 June 2003 |title=Bhagyaraj's Telugu debut |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/28south.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190930131808/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/28south.htm |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri |title=K.Bhaagya Raj – Chitchat |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_bhagyaraj_2010_2.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231103207/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_bhagyaraj_2010_2.php |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |page=2}}</ref> It was directed by [[Jandhyala]] who also wrote the screenplay. [[AVM Productions]], the producers of the original, produced the remake in association with Sri Saradhi Studios.<ref name="indiancine.ma" /> Cinematography was handled by S. Gopal Reddy, and editing by Gautham Raju. The film eschewed many [[double entendre]]/suggestive dialogues from ''Mundhanai Mudichu''. Principal photography took place in and around [[Amalapuram]] and [[West Godavari district]], in a single schedule that lasted between 30 and 40 working days.<ref name="telugucinema" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moodu Mullu (1983) |url=https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/moodu-mullu-songs-A0003919 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930132821/https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/moodu-mullu-songs-A0003919 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> with lyrics by [[Veturi]] and Jyothirmayi.<ref name="telugucinema" /> The tune of the song "Nee Kosam Yavvanamantha" and "Leta Chaligaalulu" was adapted from the composers' own songs "Aakashave Beelali Mele" and "Preethiya Maathige Ethake Naachike" from the Kannada films ''[[Nyayave Devaru]]'' (1971) and ''[[Gayathri Maduve]]'' (1983), respectively.<ref name="telugucinema" />{{efn|Sri of ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' does not mention the original song names.<ref name="telugucinema"/>}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Swagatham Swagatham
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Jojo Laali
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Leta Chaligaalulu
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length3 =
| title4 = Neekosam Yavvanamantha
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Suseela
| length4 =
| title5 = Chalinchu Vuthuthi
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Suseela
| length5 =
| title6 = Jo Jo Laali
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Suseela
| length6 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Moodu Mullu'' was released on 9 September 1983,<ref name="indiancine.ma" /> and was commercially successful.<ref name="telugucinema" />

== Notes ==
{{noteslist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="indiancine.ma">{{Cite web |title=Moodu Mullu |url=https://indiancine.ma/XUR/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230505124551/https://indiancine.ma/XUR/info |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
<ref name="telugucinema">{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=Jan 13, 2007 |title=Movie Retrospect: Moodu Mullu (1983) |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/moodumuLLu_retro.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231130754/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/moodumuLLu_retro.php |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{Jandhyala}}

[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jandhyala]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajan–Nagendra]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Abhilasha (1983 film)

2026-03-03T19:00:42Z

Arpan1314: further expanded intro per standard format further and updated info

{{short description|1983 film by A. Kodandarami Reddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abhilasha
| image = Abhilasha.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Abhilasha''|[[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]}}
| producer = [[K. S. Rama Rao]]
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] [[Rao Gopal Rao]]
| cinematography = [[Lok Singh]]
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = [[Creative Commercials]]
| distributor = Creative Commercials
| released = {{film date|df=y|1983|3|11}}
| runtime = 145 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=457}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|16.5 [[lakh]]|link=yes}}<ref name="budget">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH7wAz1sFeI&t=12m53s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/DH7wAz1sFeI |archive-date=13 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} 10 August 2020 {{!}} K. S. Rama Rao {{!}} ETV Telugu |publisher=[[ETV (India)|ETV Telugu]] |language=te}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
}}
'''''Abhilasha''''' ({{translation|Desire}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[legal drama]] film directed by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]] and produced by [[K. S. Rama Rao]]. The film stars [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] while [[Rao Gopal Rao]] and [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] play vital roles and the music is composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2013 |title=Chiru ready for a sequel to 'Abhilasha' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2013-07-26/Chiru-ready-for-a-sequel-to-Abhilasha/4023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217010601/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2013-07-26/Chiru-ready-for-a-sequel-to-Abhilasha/4023 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>

An adaptation of [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]'s novel of the same name, it revolves around a young lawyer striving to end [[capital punishment]] in India, but getting himself entangled in a murder case.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Chiranjeevi: 5 best performances of Megastar you shouldn't miss |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/happy-birthday-chiranjeevi-5-best-performances-989648-2017-08-22/3 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |date=22 August 2017 |page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163602/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/happy-birthday-chiranjeevi-5-best-performances-989648-2017-08-22/3 |archive-date=3 January 2021 }}</ref> The film released theatrically on 11 March 1983<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1105103089168601090 |user=baraju_SuperHit |title=Megastar #Chiranjeevi, Radhika starrer Superhit Novel based film #Abhilasha cmplts 36 yrs (11/03/1983) Directed by A Kodandarami Reddy Produced by KS Ramarao in @CCMediaEnt Music by Ilayaraja |first= |last=B. A. Raju |date=11 March 2019 |access-date=}}</ref> to positive response and was a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=18 May 2018 |title=From Telugu bestsellers to superhits |url=https://telanganatoday.com/from-telugu-bestsellers-to-superhits |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190824052643/https://telanganatoday.com/from-telugu-bestsellers-to-superhits |archive-date=24 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Abhilasha – A Kodandarami Reddy-Chiranjeevi: 6 Blockbuster hit films of the ace director-actor duo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/a-kodandarami-reddy-chiranjeevi-6-blockbuster-hit-films-of-the-ace-director-actor-duo/Abhilasha/photostory/64825633.cms |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216233851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/a-kodandarami-reddy-chiranjeevi-6-blockbuster-hit-films-of-the-ace-director-actor-duo/Abhilasha/photostory/64825633.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Sattathai Thiruthungal]]'' (1984).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-30 |title=சிலுக்கு ஸ்மிதா! (6) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/smitha-6/50739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231025144024/https://m.dinamalar.com/weeklydetail.php?id=50739 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> In spite of being an adaptation of a novel, the core plot was observed to be similar to two American films{{Em dash}}''[[The Man Who Dared (1946 film)|The Man Who Dared]]'' (1946) and ''[[Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1956 film)|Beyond A Reasonable Doubt]]'' (1956).<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

== Plot ==
Struggling lawyer Chiranjeevi (Chiranjeevi) lives with his roommate (Allu Aravind) and is determined to abolish Section 302 of the [[Indian Penal Code]], which mandates the death penalty for murder. His motivation stems from his father's wrongful execution for a crime he didn't commit.

Sarvothama Rao (Rao Gopal Rao), a renowned criminal lawyer, invites all the famous lawyers in the city to a party. By mistake, Chiranjeevi receives an invitation and seizes the opportunity to meet Sarvothama Rao. Nervous but resolute, he plans to discuss his proposal to repeal Section 302.

At the party, Chiranjeevi inadvertently drinks too much and ends up in an embarrassing situation, seeking refuge in a restroom. There, he accidentally meets Sarvothama Rao's niece, Archana (Radhika), and awkwardly explains his presence. This encounter leads to a blossoming romance between Chiranjeevi and Archana, who soon has to leave for a meeting abroad.

During her absence, Chiranjeevi devises a plan to fake a murder, implicate himself, and receive a death sentence. He hopes that Sarvothama Rao will reveal the truth at the last moment to the governor, thereby challenging Section 302 in the Supreme Court. They successfully frame Chiranjeevi with the body of a woman, leading to his death sentence. While in jail, guard Vishnu Sharma (Rallapalli) is puzzled by Chiranjeevi's calm demeanor.

Upon her return, Archana learns of Chiranjeevi's impending execution and visits him. Chiranjeevi, keeping his plan secret, pretends to have committed the crime out of lust, leaving Archana heartbroken. Meanwhile, Sarvothama Rao, en route to meet the governor, has an accident, jeopardizing the plan.

A desperate Chiranjeevi confides in Vishnu Sharma, who rushes to inform Archana. After a frantic night, they manage to contact Sarvothama Rao, who, though injured, provides the evidence needed to save Chiranjeevi.

To celebrate, Sarvothama Rao throws a party, announcing Chiranjeevi and Archana's engagement. However, a drunk Obulesu (Gollapudi Maruti Rao) pulls Chiranjeevi aside, arousing Archana's suspicion. She follows them, leading to the revelation that the woman whose corpse was used in the fake murder did not die naturally. The postmortem report shows she was killed by a man with four fingers on one hand. Archana remembers a four-fingered goon who attacked her previously, and Chiranjeevi recalls buying the body from this goon.

The investigation uncovers that the dead woman was Sarvothama Rao's daughter from an extramarital affair. Sarvothama Rao is arrested, and in court, the judge sentences him to death. Chiranjeevi objects, arguing that true punishment should involve suffering for one's actions, not death. The judge agrees, reducing Sarvothama Rao's sentence to seven years in prison.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Chiranjeevi]] as Chiranjeevi
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Archana
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Sarvothama Rao
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Vishnu Sarma
*[[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]] as Obulesu
*[[Rajyalakshmi]] as Sarvothama Rao's daughter
*Bheema Raju as Bheema Raju
*[[Mada Venkateswara Rao]]
*Uyyuru Ramakrishna
*[[C. S. Rao]]
*Satyendra Kumar
*[[P. J. Sarma]]
*Vijayaram
*Krishna Chaitanya
*Dham
*K. L. N. Rao
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]]
*G. Murthy
*M. Jagadeesh Babu
{{colend}}

== Production ==
[[K. S. Rama Rao]], who founded [[Creative Commercials]] as a radio advertising business, later expanded into the film industry. His first foray into filmmaking involved acquiring the dubbing rights of successful Tamil films and releasing them in Telugu. His passion for literature inspired his transition to film production.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2013 |title=Interview - KS Rama Rao about Abhilasha and Creative Commercials |url=https://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ksramarao-creativecommercials.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sri |date=12 January 2006 |title=TC Exclusive: K.S. Rama Rao - Interview |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/interview_ksramarao_2006.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119100756/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/interview_ksramarao_2006.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 |access-date=9 August 2023 |work=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>

In the early 1980s, Rama Rao sought the rights to adapt [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]'s novel ''[[Tulasi Dalam]]''. Instead, Veerendranath introduced Rama Rao to his unpublished novel ''Abhilasha'', which explores the theme of [[capital punishment]]. Captivated by the story, Rama Rao secured the rights and decided to produce it as his first film.<ref name=":04"/> The novel itself was observed to be similar to two American films{{Em dash}}''[[The Man Who Dared (1946 film)|The Man Who Dared]]'' (1946) and ''[[Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1956 film)|Beyond A Reasonable Doubt]]'' (1956).<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Happy Birthday Chiranjeevi: 5 best performances of Megastar you shouldn't miss |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/happy-birthday-chiranjeevi-5-best-performances-989648-2017-08-22/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163602/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/happy-birthday-chiranjeevi-5-best-performances-989648-2017-08-22/3 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |page=3}}</ref>

For the adaptation of ''Abhilasha'', Rama Rao assembled a distinguished team. He approached [[Chiranjeevi]] to play the lead. Chiranjeevi accepted the film immediately after his mother had previously recommended the novel to him based on its serialized publication in a magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2020 |title=Throwback to flashback: The story behind the making of Abhilasha! |url=https://www.telugubulletin.com/throwback-to-flashback-the-story-behind-the-making-of-abhilasha-80370 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809100153/https://www.telugubulletin.com/throwback-to-flashback-the-story-behind-the-making-of-abhilasha-80370 |archive-date=9 August 2023 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=TeluguBulletin.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=12 June 2018 |title=Chiranjeevi's apology |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/120618/chiranjeevis-apology.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618131804/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/120618/chiranjeevis-apology.html |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]] was chosen as the director, and [[Ilaiyaraaja]] was brought on as the composer. Veerendranath, along with [[Satyanand (writer)|Satyanand]] and [[G. Satyamurthy|Satyamurthy]], adapted the novel into the screenplay. This collaboration of Chiranjeevi, K. S. Rama Rao, Kodandarami Reddy, Yandamuri Veerendranath and Ilaiyaraaja proved highly successful and led to a series of hit films in the 1980s, including ''[[Challenge (1984 film)|Challenge]]'' (1984) and [[Rakshasudu (1986 film)|''Rakshasudu'']] (1986).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":04"/>

== Music ==
All songs were composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Navvindi Malle Chendu
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & [[S. Janaki]]
| lyrics1 = [[Veturi]]
| length1 = 4:17
| title2 = Urakalai Godavari
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & S. Janaki
| lyrics2 = [[Acharya Aatreya]]
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Sande Poddula Kada
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & S. Janaki
| lyrics3 = Veturi
| length3 = 4:28
| title4 = Banthee Chamanthi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & S. Janaki
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| length4 = 4:40
| title5 = Vela Pala Ledu
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & S. Janaki
| lyrics5 = Acharya Aatreya
| length5 = 4:39
}}

== Reception ==
Venkat Rao of ''[[Andhra Patrika]]'', writing his review on 18 March 1983, praised the film for screenplay, direction and performances of the lead cast. "Chiranjeevi has breath life into his character, its not an exaggeration to say the he would reach greater heights in terms of acting," he opined. The reviewer also wrote "Introducing songs in the films of such genre may affect the screenplay, Illayaraja's soundtrack however would be appealing to the youth."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Venkat |date=18 March 1983 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: అభిలాష |trans-title=Film review: Abhilasha |url=https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA18031983/page/n3/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230928165449/https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA18031983/page/n3/mode/2up |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=28 September 2023 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |pages=5 |language=te |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

The film initially received negative feedback during its premier at [[Madras]]. Director Reddy and writer Yendamuri who were in [[Hyderabad]] that time, worried about their film career which was dependent on ''Abhilasha''<nowiki/>'s success.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=చిరంజీవి సినిమాకి ఫ్లాప్ టాక్.. ఇద్దరం ట్యాంక్ బండ్ దగ్గర ఏడ్చేశాం! |trans-title=We wept at Tank bund when we heard flop talk for Chiranjeevi's film |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-kodanda-ramireddy-about-megastar-chiranjeevi-s-abhilasha-movie-q2nsdw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218115144/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-kodanda-ramireddy-about-megastar-chiranjeevi-s-abhilasha-movie-q2nsdw |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=te}}</ref>

However, upon release, the film received a positive response from all areas and became a commercial success. Director Reddy opined that the film's success boosted the careers of the cast and crew.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{A. Kodandarami Reddy}}

[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s legal drama films]]
[[Category:1980s satirical films]]
[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1983 black comedy films]]
[[Category:1983 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films about capital punishment]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films based on Telugu novels]]
[[Category:Films based on novels by Yandamuri Veerendranath]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Political controversies in film]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]

Balaramapuram handlooms

2026-03-03T17:56:09Z

Arpan1314: made a article w/ infobox.

{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
'''Balaramapuram handlooms''' are part of a centuries-old weaving tradition in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] .Balaramapuram handloom is a part of Thiruvananthapuram's fashion and textile heritage.The weaving tradition dates back to the 18th century during the reign of [[Avittom Thirunal Balarama Varma]] of [[Travancore]]. These handlooms are known for their use of traditional throw-shuttle pit looms, where the weavers manually operate the loom by foot while seated in a pit. The fabrics are woven using high-quality cotton yarn, often hand-spun, and are notable for their fine texture, durability, and simplicity. A distinctive feature is the ''[[kasavu]]'' border an elegant golden zari design that adorns traditional garments like mundu, veshti, and sarees.It is known as kasavu Mundu and kasavu saree <ref name="hindu"/>

Balaramapuram handlooms are widely regarded for their minimalist design aesthetic, absence of synthetic dyes, and unstitched form that reflects Kerala's cultural heritage. Each piece is handcrafted with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring uniformity and a smooth finish. The technique has remained largely unchanged over generations, preserving its authenticity and craftsmanship. In recent years, the craft has gained international attention; notably, in 2021, a designer outfit incorporating [[Balaramapuram]] handloom fabric was featured at a pre-Oscars red carpet event, highlighting the textile's relevance in contemporary global fashion.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web |title=Warp & weft of Balaramapuram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fashion/warp-weft-of-balaramapuram/article5068215.ece |website=The Hindu |date=August 25, 2013 |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="oscars">{{cite web |title=Balaramapuram handloom to debut at the Oscars |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kerala/2021/Dec/19/balaramapuram-handloom-to-debut-at-the-oscars-2397159.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=December 19, 2021 |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref>

==Weaving==

Weavers in Balaramapuram continue to use traditional throw-shuttle pit looms for the production of cotton fabrics incorporating pure zari. These methods exclude the use of advanced weaving devices such as the [[Dobby loom|Dobby]], [[Jacquard loom|Jacquard]], and Jala. Designs are produced through the use of extra warp and weft threads, resulting in patterns that are identical on both the front and back of the fabric.<ref>{{cite news
|last=Nair
|first=N.J.
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090814080300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041018085424/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090814080300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2004-10-18
|title=Balaramapuram handlooms set for comeback
|access-date=2006-08-19
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=8 September 2004
}}</ref>

The tools and techniques involved in the weaving process have remained largely unchanged over time. The variety known as "Pudava and Kavani" a veshti and upper cloth made with zari continues to be used as a customary bridal gift in the region. The traditional designs, often made using zari or colored threads, maintain a consistent level of appeal among consumers, including those in urban and international markets.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ihttkerala.org/history.html
|title=History of Handlooms
|publisher=Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology
|access-date=2006-08-19
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715044415/http://ihttkerala.org/history.html
|archive-date=15 July 2006
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Handloom industry in India]]
[[Category:Textile arts of India]]
[[Category:Culture of Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian handicrafts]]
[[Category:History of Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Arts of Kerala]]

Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn

2026-03-03T09:39:12Z

Arpan1314: made a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn
| image = Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn 2023 poster.jpg
| alt = Film poster
| caption = Film poster
| director = Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf<ref>{{cite web |title=First look poster of Bhavana-Sharafudheen starrer 'Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnnu' released |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/aug/30/first-look-poster-of-bhavana-sharafudheen-starrer-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-released-2492764.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211831/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/aug/30/first-look-poster-of-bhavana-sharafudheen-starrer-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-released-2492764.html |archive-date=15 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| producer = {{Plain list|
* Rajesh Krishna
* Renish Abdulkhader
}}
| writer = Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf
| screenplay = Vivek Bharathan Jai Vishnu Sabaridas Thottingal 
(Additional Screenplay & Dialogues)
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Sharaf U Dheen]]
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]
* [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]
* [[Shebin Benson]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = '''Songs''': Nishant Ramtake Paul Mathews Joker Blues '''Score''': [[Bijibal]]
| editing = Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf
| cinematography = Arun Rushdie
| studio = London Talkies Bonhomie Entertainments
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|02|24}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn''''' (Translation: My Older Brother Had A Love Affair) is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Romance film|romantic drama film]] directed by Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf. The film stars [[Sharaf U Dheen]] in the lead role, along with [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] and [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]. It was released on 24 February 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=ഭാവനയുടെ തിരിച്ചുവരവ്; 'ന്റിക്കാക്കാക്കൊരു പ്രേമണ്ടാര്‍ന്ന്' ഫെബ്രുവരി 17-ന് തിയേറ്ററുകളില്‍ നല്ല രസമുള്ള സിനിമയാണ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/bhavana-sharafudheen-movie-ntikkakkakkoru-premandarn-release-date-announced-1.8301392 |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216015542/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/bhavana-sharafudheen-movie-ntikkakkakkoru-premandarn-release-date-announced-1.8301392 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ഭാവനയുടെ ''ന്റിക്കാക്കാക്കൊരു പ്രേമണ്ടാര്‍ന്ന്'' സെൻസറിംഗ് പൂർത്തിയായി; ക്ലീൻ യു സർട്ടിഫിക്കറ്റ് |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/bhavana-starrer-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-release-date-out/articleshow/97824225.cms |publisher=[[Samayam]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211845/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/bhavana-starrer-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-release-date-out/articleshow/97824225.cms |archive-date=15 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Summary ==
When a garage owner falls in love with a school teacher who is divorced, they both realise that they have to fight the society before they lead their life as a couple.

== Cast ==
* [[Sharaf U Dheen]] as Jimmy
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Nithya
* [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Abdulkhadar
* [[Shebin Benson]]
* Anarkali Nazar as Fida
* Saniya Rafi as Mariyam
* Afsana Lakshmi as Yasmin
* Master Dhruvin
* Srikanth K Vijayan as Varun, Nithya's ex-husband
*[[Lakshmi Ramakrishnan]] as Advocate (cameo appearance)

==Production==
The film was announced in March 2022 under the banner London Talkies and Bonhomie Entertainments,<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Bhavana returns to Malayalam cinema with Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bhavana-menon-returns-to-malayalam-cinema-with-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-7822250/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211840/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bhavana-menon-returns-to-malayalam-cinema-with-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-7822250/ |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=ഭാവന വീണ്ടും മലയാളത്തിലേക്ക്‌; ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്ത്‌ |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/cinema/bhavana-new-malayalam-movie-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn/1007741 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211845/https://www.deshabhimani.com/cinema/bhavana-new-malayalam-movie-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn/1007741 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |publisher=[[Deshabhimani]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Bhavana to return to Mollywood, announces new film |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/03/16/bhavana-to-return-to-mollywood-announces-new-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211842/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/03/16/bhavana-to-return-to-mollywood-announces-new-film.html |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref> and the principal photography started on 20 June 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Bhavana : 'ന്റിക്കാക്കാക്കൊരു പ്രേമണ്ടാർന്ന്'ലൊക്കേഷനില്‍ എത്തി ഭാവന; വീഡിയോ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actress-bhavana-join-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-movie-rdvpir |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211831/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actress-bhavana-join-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-movie-rdvpir |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |publisher=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref> The film marked the comeback of Bhavana in the Malayalam film industry after a gap of six years.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title='Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn': First look of Bhavana's Malayalam comeback film out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-first-look-of-bhavanas-malayalam-comeback-film-out/article65822349.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122192836/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-first-look-of-bhavanas-malayalam-comeback-film-out/article65822349.ece |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Debutant director Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf was an associate director under [[Amal Neerad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhavana's next 'Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn' to start rolling soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhavanas-next-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-to-start-rolling-soon/articleshow/90290259.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215211830/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhavanas-next-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-to-start-rolling-soon/articleshow/90290259.cms |archive-date=15 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was wrapped up on 18 September 2022 after 60 days of shooting across 12 locations.<ref>{{cite web |title=It's a wrap for Bhavana-Sharafudheen's 'Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-bhavana-sharafudheens-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn/articleshow/94281042.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 February 2023 |date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002030110/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-bhavana-sharafudheens-ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn/articleshow/94281042.cms |archive-date=2 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
S.R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Bhavana's comeback film is a mature, engagingly told love story."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=24 February 2023 |title='Ntikkakkakkoru Premandaarnnu' movie review: Bhavana's comeback film is a mature, engagingly-told love story |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntikkakkakkoru-premandaarnnu-movie-review-bhavanas-comeback-film-is-a-mature-engagingly-told-love-story/article66548996.ece |access-date=6 April 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Gopika S of ''[[Times of India]]'' gave it a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and stated that "Director Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf has hit the mark with his debut movie".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ntikkakkakkoru Premandaarnnu Movie Review : A refreshing take on a simple story about love, life and family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/ntikkakkakkoru-premandaarnnu/movie-review/98204824.cms |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Anna MM Vetticad of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave it a 3.5 out of 5 and stated that the film is more than its attractive packaging and sunny surface.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2023 |title=Ntikkakkakkoru Premandaarnnu movie review: Bhavana and Sharafudheen are love, warmth and joy together |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntikkakkakkoru-premandaarnnu-movie-review-bhavana-and-sharafudheen-are-love-warmth-and-joy-together-12211792.html |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

Cris of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "The writers, Vivek Bharathan and Sabaridas Thottingal joining Adhil in the scripting play it smart by making the characters themselves blush with embarrassment and laugh aloud, looking at the cheesy letters they wrote in the past. The laughs and the recollection only make their story dearer to you."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2023 |title=Bhavana's comeback film Ntikkakkakkoru Premandaarnnu is smooth and flowing |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bhavana-s-comeback-film-ntikkakkakkoru-premandaarnnu-smooth-and-flowing-173725 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave it a rating of 3 out of 5 stars and stated, "If viewers are searching for a simple, beautiful love story, then the film is a perfect choice. The film veers into predictability when it comes to story, but the charming performances of its lead cast become its saving grace."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntikkakkokkoru Premondarnn review: Bhavana, Sharafudheen's film is a simple love |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/ntikkakkokkoru-premondarnn-review-bhavana-sharafudheens-film-is-a-simple-love-story-as-advertised-nothing-more-nothing-less/0c5e3782a9815 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|21924136}}

[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]

List of Hindi films of 2022

2026-03-03T00:05:21Z

Arpan1314: basic adjust details for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Bollywood films}}
This is a list of [[Hindi Cinema|Hindi films]] that were released in 2022.

==Box office collection==
The [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films|highest-grossing Hindi films]] released in 2022, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|'''#'''
|Implies that the film is multilingual and the gross collection figure includes the worldwide collection of the other simultaneously filmed version.
|}
{| class="wikidiv"
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+Highest worldwide gross of 2022
|-
! Rank !! Title
! Production company !! Distributor
! Worldwide gross !! Ref.

|-
! style="textalign:center;" | 1
|''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
|{{ubl|[[Star Studios]]|[[Dharma Productions]]|[[DNEG|Prime Focus]]|Magic Wand Films}}
|[[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
|{{INRConvert|435|c}}
|<ref>{{Bulleted list|
*{{cite web|title=Ponniyin Selvan I overtakes Brahmastra, Vikram to become third-highest-grossing Indian film of 2022|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ps1-overtakes-brahmastra-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022-101666104319278.html|website=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=18 October 2022 |access-date=19 October 2022|quote=Ayan Mukerji’s Brahmastra has earned ₹431 crore globally.|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162010/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ps1-overtakes-brahmastra-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022-101666104319278.html|url-status=live}}
*{{cite news|title='Ponniyin Selvan: I' dethrones 'Brahmastra' to become 3rd-highest grossing Indian film of 2022|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ponniyin-selvan-i-dethrones-brahmastra-to-become-the-3rd-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022/articleshow/94959329.cms|website=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162326/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ponniyin-selvan-i-dethrones-brahmastra-to-become-the-3rd-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022/articleshow/94959329.cms|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web|title=Brahmastra OTT release: Here's when and where you can watch Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatt's blockbuster film|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/brahmastra-ott-release-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatts-blockbuster-film-2524640.html|website=[[Zee News]]|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162729/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/brahmastra-ott-release-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatts-blockbuster-film-2524640.html|url-status=live}}
}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 2
| ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]''
|{{ubl|[[T-Series Films]]|[[Viacom18 Studios]]|[[Panorama Studios]]}}
|{{ubl|Panorama Studios|[[Yash Raj Films]]}}
|{{INRConvert|345.05|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Drishyam 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/drishyam-2/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=18 November 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2022/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2022|access-date=23 December 2022|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |3
| ''[[The Kashmir Files]]''
|{{ubl|Zee Studios|Abhishek Agarwal Arts|I Am Buddha}}
|[[Zee Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|340.92|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-kashmir-files/box-office/|title=The Kashmir Files Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 4
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
|{{ubl|[[T-Series Films]]|Cine1 Studios}}
|[[AA Films]]
|{{INRConvert|266.88|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=20 May 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 5
|''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
|{{ubl|[[Pen Studios]]|Bhansali Productions}}
|Pen Marudhar Entertainment
|{{INRConvert|209.77|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gangubai-kathiawadi/box-office/|title=Gangubai Kathiawadi Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=25 February 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 6
|''[[Radhe Shyam]]''{{efn|name=Tel|Bilingual film, also released in Telugu}}
|{{ubl|[[T-Series Films]]|UV Creations}}
|{{ubl|[[AA Films]]|[[Red Giant Movies]]|[[RD Illuminations]]}}
| style="background:#ccc;" |{{INRConvert|200-350|c|year=2022|1k=}}'''#'''
|{{efn|''[[News18]]'' said that the collection was {{INR|200}} crore.<ref>{{cite web|title=RRR to Tiger Zinda Hai, List of Most Expensive Indian Films and How They Fared|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rrr-to-tiger-zinda-hai-list-of-most-expensive-indian-films-and-how-they-fared-5941465.html|quote=Prabhas and Pooja Hegde starrer Radhe Shyam was made on a budget of around Rs300-350 crores. However, the film failed at the box office and collected just Rs 200 crore.|website=[[News 18]]|access-date=12 September 2022|date=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912094052/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rrr-to-tiger-zinda-hai-list-of-most-expensive-indian-films-and-how-they-fared-5941465.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' and ''[[India Today]]'' said that the collection was {{INR|214.04}} crore.<ref>{{cite web|title='Radhe Shyam' box office collection Day 13: Prabhas and Pooja Hegde starrer collects Rs 214.04 crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/radhe-shyam-box-office-collection-day-13-prabhas-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-collects-rs-214-04-crore/articleshow/90440962.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|date=25 March 2022|access-date=27 March 2022|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327064244/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/radhe-shyam-box-office-collection-day-13-prabhas-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-collects-rs-214-04-crore/articleshow/90440962.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Radhe Shyam' box office collection Day 14: Prabhas' film ends its theatrical run, earns Rs 234 crore|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/radhe-shyam-box-office-collection-day-14-prabhas-film-ends-its-theatrical-run-earns-rs-4-234-crore-1929263-2022-03-25|website=[[India Today]]|date=25 March 2022|access-date=25 March 2022|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325023001/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/radhe-shyam-box-office-collection-day-14-prabhas-film-ends-its-theatrical-run-earns-rs-214.04-crore-1929263-2022-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref> While, ''[[MensXP]]'' reported that the collection was ₹300–350 crore.<ref>{{cite web|first=Aman |last=Kumar|title=Prabhas' bad luck with Vishnu avatars & his magical box office connection with Lord Shiva|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/celebrities/164742-prabhas-jynx-with-vishnu-avatars-shiva-connection.html|website=[[Times Internet|MensXp]]|date=26 June 2024|access-date=2 August 2024|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802043741/https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/celebrities/164742-prabhas-jynx-with-vishnu-avatars-shiva-connection.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
! style="text-align:center nu" | 7
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
|{{ubl|Viacom18 Studios|[[Dharma Productions]]}}
|[[Viacom18 Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|136.13|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/|title=Jug Jugg Jeeyo Box Office|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=24 June 2022 |access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 8
|''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
|{{ubl|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]|[[Reliance Entertainment]]|[[YNOT Studios]]|[[Friday Filmworks]]}}
|{{ubl|[[PVR Pictures]]|[[Pen Studios|Pen Murudhar]]|Home Screen Entertainment}}
|{{INRConvert|135.03|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vikram Vedha Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vikram-vedha/box-office/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=30 September 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!! style="text-align:center;" | 9
|''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''
|{{ubl|[[Viacom18 Studios]]|Aamir Khan Productions}}
|[[Paramount Pictures]]
|{{INRConvert|129.64|c}}
||<ref>{{cite web |title=LAAL SINGH CHADDHA BOX OFFICE |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/laal-singh-chaddha/box-office/ |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 August 2022 }}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 10
|''[[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]''
|{{ubl|[[Amazon Studios]]|[[Cape of Good Films]]|[[Lyca Productions]]|Abundantia Entertainment}}
|[[Zee Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|94.45|c|lk=c|year=2024}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Setu Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ram-setu/box-office/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 October 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww"/>
|}

==January–March==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast''' !! Studio (production house) !! Ref.
|- January
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''21'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[36 Farmhouse]]'' || Ram Ramesh Sharm
|| {{hlist|[[Vijay Raaz]]|[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]|[[Amol Parashar]]|[[Barkha Singh]]|[[Ashwini Kalsekar]]}} || [[Mukta Arts]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=36 Farmhouse trailer: Subhash Ghai returns with a comedy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/36-farmhouse-trailer-subhash-ghai-zee-5-7717993/|date=11 January 2022|work= The Indian Express|access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''26'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Hai Tujhe Salaam India]]'' || Avanish Kumar
|| {{hlist|[[Aarya Babbar]]|[[Ajaz Khan]]|[[Smita Gondkar]]|Kanwalpreet Singh|Salamn Bhatt}} || Redwood Productions ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Hai Tujhe Salaam India' Trailer: Ajaz Khan and Arya Babbar starrer 'Hai Tujhe Salaam India' Official Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/hindi/hai-tujhe-salaam-india-trailer-video-ajaz-khan-and-arya-babbar-starrer-hai-tujhe-salaam-india-official-trailer-video/videoshow/89140151.cms |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|- February
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Looop Lapeta]]'' || Aakash Bhatia || {{hlist|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]}} || [[Culver Max Entertainment|Sony Pictures India]], Ellipsis Entertainment, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 January 2022|title=Looop Lapeta starring Taapsee Pannu and Tahir Raj Bhasin to premiere on February 4 on Netflix|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/looop-lapeta-starring-taapsee-pannu-and-tahir-raj-bhasin-to-premiere-on-february-4-on-netflix/|access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gehraiyaan]]'' || [[Shakun Batra]] || {{hlist|[[Deepika Padukone]]|[[Siddhant Chaturvedi]]|[[Ananya Panday]]|Dhairya Karwa}} || [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Jouska Films, [[Amazon Prime Video]], ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Deepika Padukone, Siddhant Chaturvedi and Ananya Panday starrer Gehraiyaan to now release on February 11, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-ananya-panday-starrer-gehraiyaan-now-release-february-11-2022/|date=5 January 2022|access-date=5 January 2022|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Badhaai Do]]'' || [[Harshavardhan Kulkarni]] || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]}} || [[Junglee Pictures]] ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao and Bhumi Pednekar starrer Badhaai Do to release in cinema halls on February 11|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-bhumi-pednekar-starrer-badhaai-release-cinema-halls-february-11/|date=24 January 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[A Thursday]]'' || Behzad Khambata || {{hlist|[[Yami Gautam]]|[[Neha Dhupia]]|[[Atul Kulkarni]]|[[Dimple Kapadia]]}} || [[RSVP Movies]], Blue Monkey Films, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 February 2022|title=Yami Gautam as terrorist in A Thursday will hook you. Disney+ Hotstar film to release on Feb 17|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in//movies/bollywood/story/yami-gautam-as-terrorist-in-a-thursday-will-hook-you-disney-hotstar-film-to-release-on-feb-17-1911117-2022-02-10|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' || [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] || {{hlist|[[Alia Bhatt]]|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Shantanu Maheshwari]]|[[Vijay Raaz]]|[[Seema Pahwa]]|[[Varun Kapoor]]}} || [[Pen Studios]], Bhansali Productions ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2022|title=Alia Bhatt and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Gangubai Kathiawadi to release on February 25, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sanjay-leela-bhansali-starrer-gangubai-kathiawadi-release-february-25-2022/|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Love Hostel]]'' || Shanker Raman || {{hlist|[[Sanya Malhotra]]|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Bobby Deol]]}} || [[Red Chillies Entertainment]], [[Drishyam Films]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vikrant Massey, Sanya Malhotra and Bobby Deol's 'Love Hostel' to be released on Feb 25|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/vikrant-massey-sanya-malhotra-and-bobby-deols-love-hostel-to-be-released-on-feb-25/articleshow/89348919.cms|date=4 February 2022|access-date=4 February 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|- March
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jhund (film)|Jhund]]'' || [[Nagraj Manjule]] || {{hlist|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Akash Thosar]]|[[Rinku Rajguru]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Tandav Film Entertainment, Cloud 9 Pictures, Aatpaat Films ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan starrer Jhund to release on March 4, 2022 in cinemas|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-jhund-release-march-4-2022-cinemas/|date=2 February 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Toolsidas Junior]]'' || Mridul || {{hlist|[[Sanjay Dutt]]|[[Rajiv Kapoor]]|Varun Buddhadev}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Ashutosh Gowariker Productions ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt and Rajiv Kapoor starrer Toolsidas Junior to release on March 4|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-rajiv-kapoor-starrer-toolsidas-junior-release-march-4/|date=18 February 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Radhe Shyam]]''{{efn|name=Tel}} || [[Radha Krishna Kumar]] || {{hlist|[[Prabhas]]|[[Pooja Hegde]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], UV Creations ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2022|title=Radhe Shyam: Prabhas and Pooja Hegde lock March 11 as releasae date for their 'enthralling love story'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/radhe-shyam-prabhas-and-pooja-hegde-lock-march-11-as-releasae-date-for-their-enthralling-love-story/articleshow/89288682.cms|access-date=2 February 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[The Kashmir Files]]'' || [[Vivek Agnihotri]] || {{hlist|[[Mithun Chakraborty]]|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Darshan Kumar]]|[[Pallavi Joshi]]|
[[Chinmay Mandlekar]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Abhishek Agarwal Arts, I Am Buddha Production ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files to CLASH with Prabhas-starrer Radhe Shyam on March 11|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-clash-prabhas-starrer-radhe-shyam-march-11/|access-date=8 February 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''18'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]'' || [[Farhad Samji]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]|[[Arshad Warsi]]}} || [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022|title=Akshay Kumar starrer Bachchan Pandey to release on March 18, 2022; new posters unveiled|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-starrer-bachchan-pandey-release-march-18-2022-new-posters-unveiled/|access-date=18 January 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jalsa (2022 film)|Jalsa]]'' || Suresh Triveni || {{hlist|[[Vidya Balan]]|[[Shefali Shah]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Abundantia Entertainment, [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022|title=Vidya Balan and Shefali Shah's first look from Jalsa unveiled; film to premiere on Amazon Prime Video on March 18|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-shefali-shahs-first-look-jalsa-unveiled-film-premiere-amazon-prime-video-march-18/|access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''31'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Sharmaji Namkeen]]'' || Hitesh Bhatia || {{hlist|[[Rishi Kapoor]]|[[Paresh Rawal]]|[[Juhi Chawla]]}} || [[Excel Entertainment]], MacGuffin Pictures, [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2022|title=Honouring late Rishi Kapoor, Sharmaji Namkeen starring Paresh Rawal and Juhi Chawla to premiere on Amazon Prime Video on March 31|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/honouring-late-rishi-kapoor-sharmaji-bade-namkeen-starring-paresh-rawal-and-juhi-chawla-to-premiere-on-amazon-prime-video-on-march-31/|access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|}

==April–June==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast''' !! Studio (production house) !! Ref.
|- April!
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:plum;" |'''A P R'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Attack: Part 1]]'' || Lakshya Raj Anand || {{hlist|[[John Abraham]]|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]}} || [[Pen Studios]], JA Entertainment, Ajay Kapoor Productions ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2022|title=John Abraham's action entertainer film Attack to release on 1 April|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/john-abrahams-action-entertainer-film-attack-is-releasing-on-1-april-10346091.html|website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]'' || [[Jayprad Desai]] || [[Shreyas Talpade]] || [[Fox Star Studios]], [[Friday Filmworks]], Bootroom Sports, [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2022 |title=Shreyas Talpade to star in and as Kaun Pravin Tambe?, releasing on Disney+ Hotstar on April 1, 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shreyas-talpade-star-kaun-pravin-tambe-releasing-disney-hotstar-april-1-2022/ |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Cobalt Blue (film)|Cobalt Blue]]'' || [[Sachin Kundalkar]] || {{hlist|[[Prateik Babbar]]|Neelay Mehendale|Anjali Sivaraman|[[Neil Bhoopalam]]|[[Anant V Joshi]]|[[Poornima Indrajith]]}} || Open Air Films, [[Netflix]]||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cobalt Blue: Netflix film starring Prateik Babbar gets a new release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/cobalt-blue-netflix-film-starring-prateik-babbar-gets-a-new-release-date/acb84d7ba7520 |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''7'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Dasvi]]'' || Tushar Jalota || {{hlist|[[Abhishek Bachchan]]|[[Yami Gautam]]|[[Nimrat Kaur]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[Maddock Films]], Bake My Cake Films, [[Netflix]], [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-abhishek-bachchan-starrer-dasvi-skip-theatrical-release-release-jio-cinema-netflix-april-7/|date=14 March 2022|title=EXCLUSIVE: Abhishek Bachchan-starrer Dasvi to skip theatrical release; to release on Jio Cinema and Netflix on April 7|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Hurdang]]'' || [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]]|| {{hlist|[[Sunny Kaushal]]|[[Nushrratt Bharuccha]]|[[Vijay Varma]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Karma Media and Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/proud-brother-vicky-kaushal-shares-sunny-s-hurdang-trailer-film-releases-on-april-8-1931575-2022-03-30|title=Proud brother Vicky Kaushal shares Sunny's Hurdang trailer. Film releases on April 8|date=30 March 2022|work=India Today|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]'' || [[Gowtam Tinnanuri]] || {{hlist|[[Shahid Kapoor]]|[[Mrunal Thakur]]|[[Pankaj Kapur]]}} || [[Geetha Arts|Allu Entertainment]], [[Sri Venkateswara Creations|Dil Raju Production]], [[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]], Brat Films ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Kapoor and Mrunal Thakur starrer Jersey pushed to April 22; K.G.F: Chapter 2 to have solo release|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-and-mrunal-thakur-starrer-jersey-pushed-to-april-22-k-g-f-chapter-2-to-have-solo-release/ |date=11 April 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Operation Romeo (film)|Operation Romeo]]'' || Shashant Shah || {{hlist|[[Sidhant Gupta]]|Vedika Pinto|[[Sharad Kelkar]]|[[Bhumika Chawla]]|[[Kishor Kadam]]}} || [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Friday Filmworks]], [[Plan C Studios]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Neeraj Pandey's upcoming production Operation Romeo to hit the screens on April 22|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/neeraj-pandeys-upcoming-production-operation-romeo-hit-screens-april-22/|date=1 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''29'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Runway 34]]'' || [[Ajay Devgn]] || {{hlist|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]|[[Boman Irani]]}} || Bombay Stencil, Good Karma Films, White Falcon Films, [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ajay Devgn's directorial starring him, Amitabh Bachchan, Rakul Preet Singh now titled Runway 34; first looks unveiled|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/first-poster-of-ajay-devgn-directorial-starring-him-amitabh-bachchan-rakul-preet-singh-unveiled/|date=29 November 2020|access-date=29 November 2021|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Heropanti 2]]''||[[Ahmed Khan (choreographer)|Ahmed Khan]] || {{hlist|[[Tiger Shroff]]|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]|[[Tara Sutaria]]}} ||[[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tiger-shroff-and-tara-sutarias-heropanti-2-to-release-in-april-2022-avoids-clash-with-thor-love-and-thunder/articleshow/86561468.cms|title=Tiger Shroff and Tara Sutaria's 'Heropanti 2' to release in April 2022; avoids clash with 'Thor: Love and Thunder'|date=27 September 2021|work=The Time of India|access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
|- May
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti (film)|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]'' || Faraz Haider || {{hlist|[[Divyenndu]]|[[Anupriya Goenka]]|Anant Vidhaat|[[Inaamulhaq]]|[[Brijendra Kala]]}} || Carnival Motion Pictures ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mirzapur-actor-divyenndus-film-mere-desh-ki-dharti-has-a-new-release-date-7854224/|title=Mirzapur fame Divyenndu's film Mere Desh ki Dharti gets a new release date|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=5 April 2022|access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Thar (film)|Thar]]'' || Raj Singh Chaudhary || {{hlist|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Harshvardhan Kapoor]]|[[Fatima Sana Shaikh]]}} || Anil Kapoor Film & Communication Network, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anil-kapoor-harsh-varrdhan-kapoor-fatima-sana-shaikh-starrer-thar-release-netflix-may-6/|title=Anil Kapoor, Harsh Varrdhan Kapoor, and Fatima Sana Shaikh starrer Thar to release on Netflix on May 6|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=9 April 2022|access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Jayeshbhai Jordaar]]''||[[Divyang Thakkar]] || {{hlist|[[Ranveer Singh]]|[[Shalini Pandey]]|[[Boman Irani]]|[[Ratna Pathak Shah]]}} || [[Yash Raj Films]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2022|title=Ranveer Singh starrer Jayeshbhai Jordaar to release on May 13, 2022; unveils quirky announcement video|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-jayeshbhai-jordaar-to-release-on-may-13-2022-unveils-quirky-announcement-video/|access-date=3 March 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''||[[Anees Bazmee]] || {{hlist|[[Kartik Aaryan]]|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]|[[Kiara Advani]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Cine1 Studios ||<ref name="release date">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-kartik-aaryan-averts-clash-with-rrr-opts-for-may-20-release/articleshow/89291375.cms|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2: Kartik Aaryan averts clash with 'RRR'; opts for May 20 release |date=2 February 2022|work=The Times of India |access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Dhaakad]]'' || Razy Ghai || {{hlist|[[Kangana Ranaut]]|[[Arjun Rampal]]|[[Divya Dutta]]}} || Soham Rockstar Entertainment, Sohel Maklai Productions, Asylum Films ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kangana-ranauts-dhaakad-to-release-on-may-20/articleshow/90800858.cms|title=Kangana Ranaut's 'Dhaakad' to release on May 20|date=12 April 2022|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''27'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Anek]]''||[[Anubhav Sinha]] || [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Benaras Media Works]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ayushmann Khurrana starrer Anek release postponed; to now release on May 27|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/love-in-ukraine/|date=12 April 2022|access-date=12 April 2022|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Love In Ukraine]]''||[[Nitin Kumar Gupta]] || {{hlist|[[Vipin Kaushik]]|[[Anastasia]]}} || Neole Films, Kamal Entertainment||<ref>{{cite web |title=Love In Ukraine collects 1.4 crore over the weekend |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz/love-in-ukraine-collects-14-crore-over-the-weekend/details |website=India Blooms |date=2022-05-31 |access-date=2022-05-31}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Dehati Disco]]''||[[Manoj Sharma]] || {{hlist|[[Ganesh Acharya]]|[[Ravi Kishan]]|[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]|[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]|[[Remo D'Souza]]}} || [[Panorama Studios]], Qureshi Productions, One Entertainment Film Productions, V2S Entertainment, AA Prachi Movies ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/doctor-strange-2-dhaakad-jayeshbhai-jordaar-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-may-2022-movies-release-bollywood-hollywood-2022-04-29-773131|title=Doctor Strange 2, Dhaakad, Jayeshbhai Jordaar, Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2: May 2022 movies release calendar|first=India TV News|last=Desk|date=29 April 2022|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Haemolymph (film)|Haemolymph]]''||Sudarshan Gamare || {{hlist|Riyaz Anwar|Ruchira Jadhav|Rohit Kokate|Neelam Kulkarni}} || Ticket Bari Productions, AB Films Entertainment, Adiman Films, ND9 Studios ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-cityscape/biopic-on-falsely-implicated-man-premieres-in-city-1112191.html|title=Biopic on falsely implicated man premieres in city|date=24 May 2022|publisher=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|- June
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''3'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]'' || [[Chandraprakash Dwivedi]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Sanjay Dutt]]|[[Sonu Sood]]|[[Manushi Chhillar]]}} || [[Yash Raj Films]] ||<ref>{{cite web|date=2 March 2022|title=Akshay Kumar starrer Prithviraj release preponed, to now release on June 3, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-starrer-prithviraj-release-preponed-now-release-june-3-2022/|access-date=2 March 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Major (film)|Major]]''{{efn|name=Tel}} || Sashi Kiran Tikka || {{hlist|[[Adivi Sesh]]|[[Sobhita Dhulipala]]|[[Saiee Manjrekar]]|[[Prakash Raj]]|[[Revathi]]}}|| [[Sony Pictures Networks India|Sony Pictures India]], [[G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment]], A+S Movies ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/adivi-sesh-starrer-major-release-date-pushed-by-a-week-will-now-hit-the-threatres-on-june-3/articleshow/91127350.cms|title=Adivi Sesh-starrer 'Major' release date pushed by a week, will now hit the threatres on June 3|work=Economic Times|date=27 April 2022|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''10'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Janhit Mein Jaari]]''|| Jai Basantu Singh || [[Nushrratt Bharuccha]] || Bhanushali Studios, Think Ink Picturez, Shree Raghav Entertainment, Take 9 Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nushrratt-bharuccha-starrer-janhit-mein-jaari-released-cinemas-june-10/|title=Nushrratt Bharuccha starrer Janhit Mein Jaari to be released in cinemas on June 10|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=22 April 2022|access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Ardh]]''|| [[Palash Muchhal]] || {{hlist|[[Rajpal Yadav]]|[[Rubina Dilaik]]}}|| Pal Music & Films, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajpal-yadav-rubina-dilaiks-ardh-premiere-zee5-june-10/|title=Rajpal Yadav and Rubina Dilaik's Ardh to premiere on ZEE5 on June 10|date=18 May 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Nikamma]]''|| [[Sabbir Khan]] || {{hlist|[[Abhimanyu Dassani]]|[[Shirley Setia]]|[[Shilpa Shetty]]}} || [[Sony Pictures Networks India|Sony Pictures India]], Sabbir Khan Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhimanyu-dassani-shirley-setia-shilpa-shetty-starrer-nikamma-release-june-17-2022/|title=Abhimanyu Dassani, Shirley Setia and Shilpa Shetty starrer Nikamma to release on June 17, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=31 March 2022|access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga|Sherdil]]''|| [[Srijit Mukherji]] || {{hlist|[[Pankaj Tripathi]]|[[Neeraj Kabi]]|[[Sayani Gupta]]}}|| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Reliance Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/pankaj-tripathi-starrer-sherdil-the-pilibhit-saga-gets-release-date-7911984/lite/|title=Pankaj Tripathi starrer Sherdil The Pilibhit Saga gets release date|date=11 May 2022 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' || Raj Mehta || {{hlist|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Neetu Singh|Neetu Kapoor]]|[[Varun Dhawan]]|[[Kiara Advani]]|[[Prajakta Koli]]|[[Manish Paul]]}} || [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]]
||<ref>{{cite news |date=20 November 2021 |title=Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani, Anil Kapoor, and Neetu Kapoor starrer JugJugg Jeeyo to release on June 24, 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-starrer-jugjugg-jeeyo-release-june-24-2022/ |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]'' || Vishal Furia || {{hlist|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Radhika Apte]]|[[Prachi Desai]]|[[Rohit Roy]]}} || Soham Rockstar Entertainment, Mini Films, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instantbollywood.com/2022/05/21/vikrant-massey-forensic-movie-release-date-teaser/|title=Vikrant Massey-Radhika Apte Forensic Movie RELEASE DATE Revealed; Watch TEASER –|publisher=Instant Bollywood|access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref>
|}

==July–September==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast''' !! Studio (production house) !! Ref.
|- July
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Rashtra Kavach Om]]'' || Kapil Verma || {{hlist|[[Aditya Roy Kapur]]|[[Sanjana Sanghi]]|[[Ashutosh Rana]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Paper Doll Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditya Roy Kapur and Sanjana Sanghi starrer Om: The Battle Within to hit the screens on July 1, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/aditya-roy-kapur-sanjana-sanghi-starrer-om-battle-within-hit-screens-july-1-2022/|date= 10 March 2022|access-date=10 March 2022|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''{{efn|Trilingual film, also released in English and Tamil}} || [[R. Madhavan]] || {{hlist|[[R. Madhavan]]|[[Simran (actress)|Simran]]}} || Tricolour Films, Varghese Moolans Pictures, 27th Entertainment, Vijay Moolan Talkies ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/r-madhavans-rocketry-nambi-effect-release-theatres-july-1-2022-six-languages/|title=R Madhavan's Rocketry- The Nambi Effect to release in theatres on July 1, 2022 in six languages|date=14 February 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Khuda Haafiz: Chapter 2 – Agni Pariksha]]''|| [[Faruk Kabir]] || {{hlist|[[Vidyut Jammwal]]|[[Shivaleeka Oberoi]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], [[Panorama Studios]], Action Hero Films, Cinergy ||<ref>{{Cite web|date= 7 June 2022|title=Vidyut Jammwal's Khuda Haafiz Chapter 2 release date postponed, film to hit the screens on July 8|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vidyut-jammwal-s-khuda-haafiz-chapter-2-release-date-postponed-film-to-hit-the-screens-on-july-8-1959317-2022-06-07|work=India Today|access-date=7 June 2022}}
</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''15'''
|style="text-align:center;"| ''[[HIT: The First Case (2022 film)|HIT: The First Case]]''|| Shailesh Kolanu || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Sanya Malhotra]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Sri Venkateswara Creations|Dil Raju Production]]||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajkummar Rao, Sanya Malhotra's HIT - The First Case release postponed, film to hit screens on July 15|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rajkummar-rao-sanya-malhotra-s-hit-the-first-case-release-postponed-film-to-hit-screens-on-july-15-1949008-2022-05-13|access-date=13 May 2022|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Ladki: Dragon Girl]]''|| [[Ram Gopal Varma]] || {{hlist|Pooja Bhalekar|[[Abhimanyu Singh]]}} || Artsee Media Production ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ram-gopal-varma-s-new-film-ladki-to-release-in-china-11657860462138.html|title=Ram Gopal Varma's new film 'Ladki' to release in China|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=15 July 2022|website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/ladki-the-dragon-girl-will-release-in-china-rgv-martial-arts-film-on-15-july-2162467|title=रामगोपाल वर्मा की ये फ़िल्म चीन में होगी रिलीज, 40 हजार सिनेमाघरों में देगी दस्तक|first=A. B. P.|last=Live|date=6 July 2022|website=www.abplive.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Jaadugar (2022 film)|Jaadugar]]'' || Sameer Saxena || {{hlist|[[Jitendra Kumar]]|[[Jaaved Jaaferi]]|[[Aarushi Sharma]]}} || Posham PA Pictures, Chalkboard Entertainment, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/netflixs-upcoming-sports-comedy-drama-jaadugar-starring-jitendra-kumar-javed-jaafery-arushi-sharma-premiere-july-15/|title=Netflix's upcoming sports comedy drama Jaadugar starring Jitendra Kumar, Javed Jaafery and Arushi Sharma to premiere on July 15|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=7 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Judaa Hoke Bhi]]'' || [[Vikram Bhatt]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Oberoi]]|[[Aindrita Ray]]|[[Meherzan Mazda]]}} ||Studio Virtual Worlds, [[K Sera Sera Limited|K Sera Sera Box Office]], Loneranger Productions, Houseful Motion Pictures ||<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Vikram Bhatt's Judaa Hoke Bhi to have a theatrical release in July |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vikram-bhatts-judaa-hoke-bhi-to-theatrically-release-in-july/articleshow/91909973.cms |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 May 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Shabaash Mithu]]''|| [[Srijit Mukherji]] || [[Taapsee Pannu]] || [[Viacom18 Studios]], Colosceum Media ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taapsee Pannu starring Shabaash Mithu releases on the big screen on July 15, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-starring-shabaash-mithu-releases-big-screen-july-15-2022/ |access-date=29 April 2022|website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[RK/RKay]]''|| [[Rajat Kapoor]] || {{hlist|[[Rajat Kapoor]]|[[Mallika Sherawat]]|[[Kubbra Sait]]|[[Ranvir Shorey]]|[[Manu Rishi]]}} || Nflicks, Mithya Talkies, Priyanshi Films ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajat Kapoor and Mallika Sherawat's Rk/Rkay to hit the screens on this date |date=27 June 2022 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/rajat-kapoor-and-mallika-sherawats-rkrkay-to-hit-the-screens-on-this-date-10841541.html |access-date=27 June 2022 |publisher=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shamshera]]''|| [[Karan Malhotra]] || {{hlist|[[Ranbir Kapoor]]|[[Sanjay Dutt]]|[[Vaani Kapoor]]}} || [[Yash Raj Films]] ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Ranbir Kapoor, Vaani Kapoor, and Sanjay Dutt announce the release date of Shamshera with a power-packed video|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranbir-kapoor-vaani-kapoor-sanjay-dutt-announce-release-date-shamshera-power-packed-video/|date=11 February 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''29'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Ek Villain Returns]]''|| [[Mohit Suri]] || {{hlist|[[John Abraham]]|[[Arjun Kapoor]]|[[Disha Patani]]|[[Tara Sutaria]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/john-abraham-arjun-kapoor-disha-patani-tara-sutaria-starrer-ek-villain-returns-gets-new-release-date-hit-theatres-july-29/|title=John Abraham, Arjun Kapoor, Disha Patani, Tara Sutaria starrer Ek Villain Returns gets a new release date; to hit theatres on July 29|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=10 May 2022|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Good Luck Jerry]]''|| [[Sidharth Sengupta]] ||{{hlist|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]|[[Deepak Dobriyal]]|[[Mita Vashisht]]|[[Neeraj Sood]]|[[Saurabh Sachdeva]]|[[Sushant Singh]]}} || [[Lyca Productions]], [[Mahaveer Jain Films]], [[Colour Yellow Productions]], [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-s-good-luck-jerry-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-on-july-29-1963494-2022-06-17|title=Janhvi Kapoor's Good Luck Jerry to release on Disney+ Hotstar on July 29|work=India Today|date=17 June 2022|access-date=17 June 2022}}</ref>
|- August
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Odd Couple (2022 film)|Odd Couple]]''|| Prashant Johari ||{{hlist|[[Divyenndu]]|[[Suchitra Krishnamoorthi]]|[[Vijay Raaz]]|[[Pranati Rai Prakash]]}}|| Nipram Creations, [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/odd-couple/ottmoviereview/93321808.cms | title=Odd Couple Review: An easy-breezy take on a modern-day relationship tangle | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | first=Ronak | last=Kotecha | date=5 August 2022 | accessdate=9 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''|| Jasmeet K Reen ||{{hlist|[[Alia Bhatt]]|[[Shefali Shah]]|[[Vijay Varma]]}}|| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]], Eternal Sunshine Productions, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Darlings starring Alia Bhatt, Shefali Shah, Vijay Varma to premiere on Netflix on August 5, first teaser unveils new mystery|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/darlings-starring-alia-bhatt-shefali-shah-vijay-varma-premiere-netflix-august-5-first-teaser-unveils-new-mystery/|date=5 July 2022|access-date=5 July 2022|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''||[[Advait Chandan]] || {{hlist|[[Aamir Khan]]|[[Kareena Kapoor]]|[[Naga Chaitanya]]|[[Mona Singh]]}} ||[[Paramount Pictures]], [[Viacom18 Studios]], Aamir Khan Productions ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/aamir-khan-kareena-kapoor-khan-starrer-laal-singh-chaddha-postponed-now-release-august-11-2022/|title='Aamir Khan and Kareena Kapoor Khan starrer Laal Singh Chaddha postponed; to now release on August 11, 2022|date=15 February 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Raksha Bandhan (film)|Raksha Bandhan]]''|| [[Aanand L. Rai]] ||{{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]}}|| [[Zee Studios]], [[Colour Yellow Productions]], [[Cape of Good Films]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2021|title=Akshay Kumar and Bhumi Pednekar starrer Raksha Bandhan to release on August 11, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-bhumi-pednekar-starrer-raksha-bandhan-release-august-11-2022/|access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Dobaaraa]]''|| [[Anurag Kashyap]] ||{{hlist|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Pavail Gulati]]}}|| [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Cult Movies, The Vermilion World, Athena ENM,||<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022|title=Anurag Kashyap, Taapsee Pannu's Dobaaraa to release on August 19|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anurag-kashyap-taapsee-pannu-s-dobaaraa-to-release-on-august-19-1948554-2022-05-12|access-date=12 May 2022|work=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]''{{efn|name=Tel}} || [[Puri Jagannadh]] ||{{hlist|[[Vijay Deverakonda]]|[[Ananya Pandey]]|[[Ronit Roy]]|[[Ramya Krishna]]|[[Mike Tyson]]}}|| [[Dharma Productions]], Puri Connects ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vijay-deverakonda-starrer-liger-release-august-25-2022-first-glimpse-unveiled-december-31-2021/|title=Vijay Deverakonda starrer Liger to release on August 25, 2022; first glimpse to be unveiled on December 31, 2021 |date=16 December 2020|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''26'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Holy Cow (2022 film)|Holy Cow]]''||Sai Kabir|| {{hlist|[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]|[[Tigmanshu Dhulia]]|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]|[[Sadiya Siddiqui]]}}||[[K Sera Sera Limited|K Sera Sera Box Office]], YS Entertainment, Sukh Saga Films, Reltic Pictures
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Sanjay Mishra's 'Holy Cow' to release on August 26 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-sanjay-mishras-holy-cow-to-release-on-august-26 |access-date=16 June 2022 |publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>
|- September
| rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''S E P'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Cuttputlli]]''|| Ranjit M Tewari || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]|[[Chandrachur Singh]]|[[Sargun Mehta]]}} || [[Pooja Entertainment]], [[Disney+Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cuttputli-teaser-akshay-kumar-hunts-serial-killers-in-surprise-new-film-101660887545972|title=Cuttputlli teaser: Akshay Kumar hunts serial killers in surprise new film, fans ask 'does this man ever take a break?'|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=19 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' || [[Ayan Mukerji]] || {{hlist|[[Ranbir Kapoor]]|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Alia Bhatt]]|[[Mouni Roy]]|[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]}}|| [[Star Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Prime Focus, Magic Wand Films ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/amitabh-bachchan-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-brahmastra-1235132978/|author= Naman Ramachandran |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Ranbir Kapoor, Alia Bhatt's Divine Hero Franchise Film 'Brahmastra' Sets 2022 Release Date (EXCLUSIVE) |date=14 December 2021|access-date=15 December 2021|website=Variety}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''16'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Jahaan Chaar Yaar]]''|| Kamal Pandey || {{hlist|[[Swara Bhasker]]|[[Meher Vij]]|[[Pooja Chopra]]|Shikha Talsania}} || [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]], Soundrya Productions ||<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Swara Bhasker, Shikha Talsania, Meher Vij and Pooja Chopra's 'Jahaan Chaar Yaar' to release on September 16 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/swara-bhasker-shikha-talsania-meher-vij-and-pooja-chopras-jahaan-chaar-yaar-to-release-on-september-16 |access-date=4 August 2022 |publisher=[[Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Jogi (2022 film)|Jogi]]''|| [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] || {{hlist|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]|[[Kumud Mishra]]|[[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]|[[Hiten Tejwani]]|[[Amyra Dastur]]}} || AAZ Films, Netflix ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=Jogi director Ali Abbas Zafar says film was 'impossible' without Diljit Dosanjh: 'You cannot take a non-Sikh actor...' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jogi-director-ali-abbas-zafar-says-film-was-impossible-without-diljit-dosanjh-101663635965469.html |access-date=26 September 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920200250/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jogi-director-ali-abbas-zafar-says-film-was-impossible-without-diljit-dosanjh-101663635965469.html |archive-date=20 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''[[Matto Ki Saikil]]''
|M. Gani
| [[Prakash Jha]]
|Prakash Jha Productions, Shivdeva Films
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prakash Jha's 'Matto Ki Saikal' trailer highlights a daily-wage labourer's struggles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prakash-jhas-matto-ki-saikal-trailer-highlights-a-daily-wage-labourers-struggles/articleshow/93711574.cms |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=The Times of India |date=22 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Middle Class Love]]''|| Rantnaa Sinha || {{hlist|Prit Kamani|[[Kavya Thapar]]|[[Eisha Singh]]|[[Manoj Pahwa]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], [[Benaras Media Works]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anubhav-sinha-launch-prit-kamani-eisha-singh-kavya-thapar-middle-class-love-film-release-september-16/|title=Anubhav Sinha to launch Prit Kamani, Eisha Singh, Kavya Thapar in Middle Class Love; film to release on September 16|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 August 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Saroj Ka Rishta]]''|| [[Abhishek Saxena]] || {{hlist|Sanah Kapur|[[Kumud Mishra]]|[[Gaurav Pandey]]|[[Randeep Rai]]}} || Kapoor Films, Aena Productions, Ambi Abhi Productions, Garg Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/sanah-kapur-led-comedy-saroj-ka-rishta-to-release-in-september/1051828|title=Sanah Kapur-led comedy 'Saroj Ka Rishta' to release in September|publisher=[[The Print]]|date=23 July 2022|access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Siya (film)|Siya]]''|| [[Manish Mundra]] || {{hlist|[[Viineet Kumar|Viineet Kumar Singh]]|Pooja Pandey|Rashmi Somvanshi}} || [[Drishyam Films]], [[Panorama Studios]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/big-announcement-about-the-film-siya-vineet-kumar-singh-will-be-seen-in-the-lead-role-595873|title='सिया' फिल्म को लेकर हुआ बड़ा ऐलान, विनीत कुमार सिंह आएंगे लीड रोल में नजर|publisher=[[Nava Bharat]]|date=2 August 2022|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''23'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Atithi Bhooto Bhava]]''|| Hardik Gajjar || {{hlist|[[Jackie Shroff]]|[[Pratik Gandhi]]|[[Sharmin Segal]]}}|| [[Pen Studios]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/atithi-bhooto-bhava-starring-jackie-shroff-pratik-gandhi-sharmin-segal-premiere-september-23-zee5-watch-trailer/|title=Atithi Bhooto Bhava starring Jackie Shroff, Pratik Gandhi and Sharmin Segal to premiere on September 23 on ZEE5|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=16 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Babli Bouncer]]''|| [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] || [[Tamannaah]] || [[Star Studios]], [[Junglee Pictures]], [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/entertainment/news/2783074.html|title='Babli Bouncer': Makers release first look of Tamannaah Bhatia |publisher=United News of India|date=20 July 2022|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]]''|| [[R Balki]] || {{hlist|[[Sunny Deol]]|[[Dulquer Salmaan]]|[[Pooja Bhatt]]|[[Shreya Dhanwanthary]]}} || [[Pen Studios]], Hope Productions||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chup-revenge-of-the-artist-r-balkis-sunny-deol-and-dulquer-salmaan-starrer-to-hit-the-theatres-on-september-23/articleshow/93769925.cms|title='Chup: Revenge Of The Artist': R Balki's Sunny Deol and Dulquer Salmaan starrer to hit the theatres on September 23|work=The Times of India|date=25 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]''|| Kookie Gulati || {{hlist|[[R. Madhavan]]|[[Aparshakti Khurana]]|[[Darshan Kumar]]|[[Khushalii Kumar]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dhokha-round-d-corner-r-madhavan-aparshakti-khurana-darshan-kumaar-khushalii-kumars-suspense-drama-release-september-23/|title=Dhokha – Round D Corner: R Madhavan, Aparshakti Khurana, Darshan Kumaar & Khushalii Kumar's suspense drama to release on September 23|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=7 July 2022|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Ishq Pashmina]]''|| Arvind Pandey || {{hlist|Bhavin Bhanushali|Malti Chahar|[[Zarina Wahab]]}} || Krishna Shanti Production, [[Panorama Studios]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/krishna-shanti-production-launched-the-motion-poster-of-the-film-ishq-pashmina-3244469|title=कृष्णा शांति प्रोडक्शन ने फ़िल्म 'इश्क़ पशमीना' का मोशन पोस्टर किया लॉन्च|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=25 August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''30'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Plan A Plan B]]'' || [[Shashanka Ghosh]] || {{hlist|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]|[[Tamannaah]]|[[Poonam Dhillon]]|[[Kusha Kapila]]}} || India Stories Media & Entertainment, Funk Your Blues Entertainment, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-tamannaah-bhatia-plan-a-plan-b-to-arrive-on-netflix-on-sep-30-8119947/|title=Riteish Deshmukh, Tamannaah Bhatia's Plan A Plan B to arrive on Netflix on Sep 30|work=The Indian Express|date=30 August 2022|access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''|| [[Pushkar–Gayathri]] || {{hlist|[[Saif Ali Khan]]|[[Hrithik Roshan]]|[[Radhika Apte]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[YNOT Studios]], [[Friday Filmworks]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mega-exclusive-hrithik-roshan-saif-ali-khan-starrer-vikram-vedha-remake-release-september-30-2022/|title=MEGA EXCLUSIVE: Hrithik Roshan-Saif Ali Khan starrer Vikram Vedha remake to release on September 30, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 July 2021|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref>
|}

==October–December==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast''' !! Studio (production house) !! Ref.
|- October
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Maja Ma]]''
| [[Anand Tiwari]] || {{hlist|[[Madhuri Dixit]]|[[Gajraj Rao]]|Ritwik Bhowmik|[[Barkha Singh]]}} || Leo Media Collective, [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 September 2022|title=Madhuri Dixit to star in Amazon original movie Maja Ma; set to release on October 6|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-star-amazon-original-movie-maja-ma-set-release-october-6/|access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''7'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Goodbye (2022 film)|Goodbye]]''
| [[Vikas Bahl]] || {{hlist|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Neena Gupta]]|[[Rashmika Mandanna]]}} || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Good Co., Saraswati Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/goodbye-starring-amitabh-bachchan-rashmika-mandanna-release-october-7-2022/|title=Goodbye starring Amitabh Bachchan and Rashmika Mandanna to release on October 7, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=23 July 2022|access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Nazar Andaaz]]''
| Vikrant Deshmukh || {{hlist|[[Kumud Mishra]]|[[Divya Dutta]]|[[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Kathputli Creations ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nazar-andaaz-starring-kumud-mishra-divya-dutta-abhishek-banerjee-release-october-7-2022/|title=Nazar Andaaz starring Kumud Mishra, Divya Dutta and Abhishek Banerjee to release on October 7, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=21 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Doctor G]]''
| Anubhuti Kashyap || {{hlist|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]]|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]|[[Shefali Shah]]}} || [[Junglee Pictures]] ||<ref>{{cite web |date=19 September 2022 |title=Doctor G release date announced, Ayushmann Khurrana-Rakul Preet Singh starrer to arrive in theatres on 14th October 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/doctor-g-release-date-announced-ayushmann-khurrana-rakul-preet-singh-starrer-arrive-theatres-14th-october-2022/ |access-date=19 September 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]''
| [[Ribhu Dasgupta]] || {{hlist|[[Parineeti Chopra]]|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]|[[Sharad Kelkar]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], Film Hangar ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-harrdy-sandhu-starrer-code-name-tiranga-release-theatres-october-14-see-first-posters/|title=Parineeti Chopra and Harrdy Sandhu starrer Code Name: Tiranga to release in theatres on October 14; see first posters |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=19 September 2022 |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]''
| [[Abhishek Sharma (director)|Abhishek Sharma]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]|[[Nushrratt Bharuccha]]|[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]}} || [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[Cape of Good Films]], [[Lyca Productions]], Abundantia Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 September 2021|title=Akshay Kumar confirms Diwali 2022 release for his film Ram Setu co-starring Jacqueline Fernandez and Nushrratt Bharuccha|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-confirms-diwali-2022-release-film-ram-setu-co-starring-jacqueline-fernandez-nushrratt-bharuccha/|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''|| [[Indra Kumar]] || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Sidharth Malhotra]]|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Maruti International, Soham Rockstar Entertainment, Sri Adhikari Brothers ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-sidharth-malhotra-rakul-preet-singh-starrer-thank-god-release-diwali-2022/|title=Ajay Devgn, Sidharth Malhotra, Rakul Preet Singh starrer Thank God to release on Diwali 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=17 June 2022|access-date=17 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''28'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tara Vs Bilal]]''
| Samar Iqbal || {{hlist|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]|Sonia Rathee}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], JA Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/john-abraham-backed-tara-vs-bilal-to-release-on-october-28-2518929.html/|title=John Abraham-backed 'Tara vs Bilal' to release on October 28|date=7 October 2022|publisher=Zee News|access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref>
|- November
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Phone Bhoot]]''|| Gurmmeet Singh || {{hlist|[[Katrina Kaif]]|[[Ishaan Khatter]]|[[Siddhant Chaturvedi]]}} || [[Excel Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/phone-bhoot-katrina-kaif-ishaan-khatter-siddhant-chaturvedi-film-gets-new-release-date-deets-inside-2022-07-15-792391|title=Phone Bhoot: Katrina Kaif, Ishaan Khatter, Siddhant Chaturvedi's film gets new release date, deets inside|work=India TV News|date=15 July 2022|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Double XL]]''
| Satramm Ramani || {{hlist|[[Sonakshi Sinha]]|[[Huma Qureshi]]|[[Zaheer Iqbal]]|[[Mahat Raghavendra]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Wakaoo Films, Elemen3 Entertainment, Reclining Seats Cinema ||<ref>{{cite web |date=7 October 2022 |title=Sonakshi Sinha, Huma Qureshi starrer Double XL release postponed; to clash with PhoneBhoot on November 4|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sonakshi-sinha-huma-qureshi-starrer-double-xl-release-postponed-clash-phonebhoot-november-4/ |access-date=7 October 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]''
| [[Mathukutty Xavier]] || {{hlist|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]|[[Manoj Pahwa]]|[[Sunny Kaushal]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Bayview Projects ||<ref>{{cite web |date=6 October 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Boney Kapoor locks the theatrical release date of Mili, Thunivu and Maidaan |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-boney-kapoor-locks-the-theatrical-release-date-of-mili-thunivu-and-maidaan-find-out-1193794 |access-date=7 October 2022|publisher=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tadka (film)|Tadka]]''
| [[Prakash Raj]]|| {{hlist|[[Nana Patekar]]|[[Shriya Saran]]|[[Ali Fazal]]||[[Taapsee Pannu]]}} || Prakash Raj Productions, Movie Makers Inc., [[ZEE5]]||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Taapsee Pannu, Ali Fazal's film Tadka releases online, also stars Shriya Saran, Nana Patekar. Watch trailer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-ali-fazal-s-film-tadka-releases-online-see-trailer-101667545537294.html|access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Rocket Gang]]''|| [[Bosco Martis]] || {{hlist|[[Aditya Seal]]|[[Nikita Dutta]]}} || [[Zee Studios]] ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Aditya Seal, Nikita Dutta starrer Rocket Gang to release in November|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/aditya-seal-nikita-dutta-starrer-rocket-gang-release-november-details/|date=13 June 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Uunchai]]''|| [[Sooraj Barjatya]] || {{hlist|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Boman Irani]]|[[Danny Denzongpa]]|[[Parineeti Chopra]]|[[Neena Gupta]]|[[Sarika]]}} || [[Rajshri Productions]], [[Mahaveer Jain Films]], Boundless Media ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Uunchai starring Amitabh Bachchan, Anupam Kher, Parineeti Chopra, Boman Irani set to release on November 11, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/uunchai-starring-amitabh-bachchan-anupam-kher-parineeti-chopra-boman-irani-set-release-november-11-2022/|date=25 July 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''|| Vasan Bala || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Huma Qureshi]]|[[Radhika Apte]]|[[Sikandar Kher]]}} || Matchbox Shots, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Monica, O My Darling starring Rajkummar Rao, Huma Qureshi, Radhika Apte to release on Netflix on November 11, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/monica-o-darling-starring-rajkummar-rao-huma-qureshi-radhika-apte-release-netflix-november-11-2022/|date=12 October 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''Thai Massage''|| [[Mangesh Hadawale]] || {{hlist|[[Gajraj Rao]]|[[Divyenndu]]|Sunny Hinduja|[[Rajpal Yadav]]|[[Vibha Chibber]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], Window Seat Films ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Gajraj Rao goes on yet another unusual adventure in 'Thai Massage'|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/gajraj-rao-goes-on-yet-another-unusual-adventure-in-thai-massage-23251776|date=22 October 2022|work=Mid Day|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''18'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]''|| Abhishek Pathak || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Akshaye Khanna]]|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]|[[Shriya Saran]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[Panorama Studios]] ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Samriddhi |date=21 June 2022 |title=Ajay Devgn, Tabu, Akshaye Khanna's Drishyam 2 to release in theatres on November 18 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ajay-devgn-tabu-akshaye-khanna-s-drishyam-2-to-release-in-theatres-on-november-18-1964890-2022-06-21 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Mister Mummy]]''|| [[Shaad Ali]] || {{hlist|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]|[[Genelia D'Souza|Genelia Deshmukh]]|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Hectic Cinema, Boundscript ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Do not copy this site's content!|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/riteish-genelias-mister-mummy-to-hit-the-theatres-in-november-18/articleshow/95390269.cms|date=9 November 2022|work=The Economic Times|access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#dbfff8;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]'' || [[Amar Kaushik]] || {{hlist|[[Varun Dhawan]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]}} || [[Maddock Films]], Jio Studios ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/varun-dhawan-turns-into-an-fiery-werewolf-in-bhediya-first-look-film-to-now-release-on-november-25-2022/|title=Varun Dhawan turns into a fiery werewolf in Bhediya first look; film to now release on November 25, 2022|date=25 November 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref>
|- December
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
| [[Anvita Dutt]]|| {{hlist|[[Tripti Dimri]]|[[Swastika Mukherjee]]|Babil Khan}} || [[Clean Slate Filmz]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/babil-khan-tripti-dimris-qala-to-premiere-on-netflix-on-december-1-new-poster-out-2291829-2022-11-01|title=Babil Khan, Tripti Dimri's Qala to premiere on Netflix on December 1. New poster out|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[An Action Hero]]''
| Anirudh Iyer || {{hlist|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]]|[[Jaideep Ahlawat]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Colour Yellow Productions]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2022|title=Ayushmann Khurrana and Jaideep Ahlawat starrer An Action Hero to be released on December 2, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ayushmann-khurrana-jaideep-ahlawat-starrer-action-hero-released-december-2-2022/|access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]''
| [[Shashanka Ghosh]] || {{hlist|[[Kartik Aaryan]]|[[Alaya F]]}} || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], NH Studioz, Northern Lights Films, [[Disney+ Hotstar]]||<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 November 2022|title=Kartik Aaryan's romantic thriller Freddy to release on December 2 on OTT|work=Free Press Journal|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/kartik-aaryans-romantic-thriller-freddy-to-release-on-december-2-on-ott-watch-video|access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[India Lockdown]]''
| [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] || {{hlist|[[Shweta Basu Prasad]]|[[Aahana Kumra]]|[[Prateik Babbar]]|[[Sai Tamhankar]]|[[Prakash Belawadi]]}} || [[Pen Studios]], Bhandarkar Entertainment, PJ Motion Pictures, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 November 2022|title=Madhur Bhandarkar's India Lockdown to release directly on ZEE5; stars Shweta Basu Prasad, Aahana Kumra, Prateik Babbar|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhur-bhandarkars-india-lockdown-release-directly-zee5-stars-shweta-basu-prasad-aahana-kumra-prateik-babbar/|access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6; " |'''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Salaam Venky]]''
|[[Revathi]] || {{hlist|[[Kajol]]|[[Vishal Jethwa]]}} || [[Sony Pictures Networks India|Sony Pictures Releasing International India]], [[Zee Studios]], Connekkt Media, Blive Productions, RTake Studios ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-10-03 |title=Kajol-starrer 'Salaam Venky' to arrive in cinemas on December 9 |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kajol-starrer-salaam-venky-to-arrive-in-cinemas-on-december-9/article65965709.ece |access-date=2022-10-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |
''[[Vadh (2022 film)|Vadh]]''
| Jaspal Singh Sandhu || {{hlist|[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]|[[Neena Gupta]]}} || [[Luv Films]], J Studio Films, Next Level Production ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=22 November 2022|title=Vadh trailer: Neena Gupta and Sanjay Mishra play a harrowed couple trapped by a dark crime|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/vadh-trailer-neena-gupta-and-sanjay-mishra-crime-8283199/|access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Maarrich]]''
| Dhruv Lather || {{hlist|[[Tusshar Kapoor]]|[[Naseeruddin Shah]]|[[Rahul Dev]]|[[Seerat Kapoor]]|[[Anita Hassanandani]]}} || Tusshar Entertainment House, NH Studioz ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=16 November 2022|title=Tusshar Kapoor, Anita Hassanandani reunite after two decades for Maarrich. Motion poster out|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tusshar-kapoor-anita-hassanandani-reunite-after-two-decades-for-maarrich-motion-poster-out-2298070-2022-11-16|access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Josef – Born in Grace''
|[[Susant Mishra]]
|{{Hlist|[[Victor Banerjee]]|[[Subrat Dutta]]}}
|UA Kathachitrra
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Josef – Born in Grace |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/josef.html}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Blurr]]''
| Ajay Bahl || {{hlist|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Gulshan Devaiah]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Outsiders Films, Echelon Productions, [[ZEE5]]||<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2022|title=Taapsee Pannu's Blurr to release on ZEE5 next month|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-next-month/articleshow/95708051.cms|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''16'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''|| [[Shashank Khaitan]] || {{hlist|[[Vicky Kaushal]]|[[Kiara Advani]]|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]}} || [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Mentor Disciple Films ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-kiara-advani-and-bhumi-pednekars-govinda-naam-mera-to-release-on-december-16/articleshow/95596278.cms|title=Vicky Kaushal, Kiara Advani and Bhumi Pednekar's 'Govinda Naam Mera' to release on December 16|work=The Times of India|date=18 November 2022|access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Ajay Wardhan]]''|| Pragati Agarwal || {{hlist|[[Ruslaan Mumtaz]]|[[Arjumman Mughal]]}} || Dushyant Corporation, Prasidh Eklavaya Entertainment||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ajay-wardhan/ET00344871|title=Ajay Wardhan movie release date cast, crew and other details|work=www.bookmyshow.com|author=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Trahimam]]''|| Dushyant Pratap Singh || {{hlist|[[Arshi Khan]]|[[Pankaj Berry]]}} || Dushyant Corporation||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/trahimam/movieshow/95909542.cms|title=Movie Trahimam Release date, Cast, Crew and other details|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|author=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''23'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]''|| [[Rohit Shetty]] || {{hlist|[[Ranveer Singh]]|[[Pooja Hegde]]|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]|[[Varun Sharma]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], Rohit Shetty Productionz ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-rohit-shettys-cirkus-release-december-23-2022-first-look-poster-confirms-double-role/|title=Ranveer Singh and Rohit Shetty's Cirkus to release on December 23, 2022; first look poster confirms double role|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=10 May 2022|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''30'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Dedh Lakh Ka Dulha]]''|| Abhay Pratap Singh || {{hlist|[[Akhilendra Mishra]]|[[Ishtiyak Khan]]|Harshita Panwar}} || KK Films Creations ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/akhilendra-mishras-dedh-lakh-ka-dulha-to-release-on-this-date-2554039.html|title=Akhilendra Mishra's Dedh Lakh Ka Dulha to release on this date|work=[[Zee News]]|date=26 December 2022|access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi films of 2023]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 2021]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{portalbar|Film|Lists}}

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{2022 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|2022]]
[[Category:Lists of 2022 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films|*]]

Indian Airlines Flight 605

2026-02-19T22:07:36Z

Arpan1314: slightly expanded citations for consistency also and fixed typos

{{More sources|date=April 2024}}
{{short description|1990 aviation accident in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = Indian Airlines Flight 605
| occurrence_type = Accident
| image = Indian Airlines Flight 605 wreckage.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Wreckage of the aircraft
| date = {{Start date|1990|2|14|df=y}}
| summary = [[Controlled flight into terrain]] due to [[pilot error]]
| site = Karnataka Golf Association, near [[Hindustan Airport]], Bangalore
| coordinates = {{Coord|12.9481|N|77.6478|E|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| plane1_image = F-WWIV Aircraft.jpg
| plane1_caption = The aircraft involved in the accident, seen in 1989 with a test [[Aircraft registration|registration]]
| aircraft_type = [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320-231]]
| operator = [[Indian Airlines]]
| IATA = IC605<ref name=":1"/>
| ICAO = IAC605
| plane1_callsign = INDAIR 605
| tail_number = VT-EPN
| origin = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India
| destination = [[HAL Airport|Hindustan Airport]], [[Bangalore]], India
| occupants = 146
| passengers = 139
| crew = 7
| injuries = 54
| fatalities = 92
| survivors = 54
}}
'''Indian Airlines Flight 605''' was a scheduled [[domestic passenger flight]] from [[Mumbai|Bombay]] to [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]]. On 14 February 1990, an [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320-231]] registered as VT-EPN, crashed onto a golf course while attempting to land at Bangalore, killing 92 of 146 people on board.<ref name="ASN19900214-2">{{ASN accident|id=19900214-2}}</ref>

The Indian investigative team ruled that the probable cause was the pilots selecting the "Open descent/flight idle" control mode rather than "[[Glideslope]] capture", allowing the aircraft to sink far below the correct [[flight path]]. They further failed to advance the [[Thrust lever|throttle]]s or pull up even after the [[Ground proximity warning system|radio altitude call-outs]], as the aircraft approached landing.<ref name="ASN19900214-2" /> The report stated that the crew of Flight 605 weren't aware of the situation and the danger they were facing at the time, resulting in delayed reaction during the descent.<ref name="ASN19900214-2"/>

After the crash, the Indian investigation committee issued 62 recommendations to the Indian [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA), including a time recording on the [[air traffic control]] (ATC) tapes and the formation of several investigative committees specializing in several aviation operational issues. Included in the recommendation was the addition of a crash siren in Bangalore, evaluation of the evacuation doors and slides in Airbus airplanes, and a design change on their instrument knob. The report also urged the government to evaluate every airport in India to prevent similar incidents from occurring.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Final report|url=https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130617580&mainAccidentReports|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204165129/https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130617580&mainAccidentReports|archive-date=4 December 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|website=|publisher=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The crash drew criticism among the [[Indian Commercial Pilots' Association]] (ICPA) which claimed that the Airbus A320 had severe flaws. They claimed that the aircraft's systems were too confusing and that the crew of Flight 605 was struggling to avert the crash.<ref name=":1" />

[[Air Inter Flight 148|Another A320 accident]] less than two years later (which occurred under similar circumstances) led to design improvements to the flight control unit and numerous safety recommendations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-111 F-GGED Strasbourg-Entzheim Airport (SXB)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920120-0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318021358/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920120-0|archive-date=18 March 2005|access-date=2019-07-01|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>

== Aircraft ==
The aircraft involved was an Airbus A320-231, [[Aircraft registration|registered]] as VT-EPN, [[serial number]] 79 and was around 5 months old. The aircraft had logged around 370 flight hours over 302 flights and was equipped with two [[IAE V2500|IAE V2500-A1]] engines.<ref name="ASN19900214-2" />

==Flight==
===Take-off and approach===
Flight 605 took off from Bombay Airport at 11:58 local time after an hour delay. Prior to this, the aircraft was used for two other flights on the day of the accident, operating as Flight 669 and Flight 670, flying from Bombay to Goa and back. The aircraft was carrying 139 passengers and 7 crew members, including 4 infants. The aircraft's assigned route was on route W17 from Bombay to [[Belgaum]] via Karad and W56 from Belgaum to [[Bangalore]]. The take-off phase and en route phase proceeded normally.<ref name=":1" />

At 12:53 local time, Flight 605's radar plot appeared on Bangalore's radar. Flight 605 was asked by Bangalore Radar to turn right and make a visual approach to Runway 09. The crew disengaged the autopilot and later changed to the Bangalore Tower after being transferred by Bangalore Radar.<ref name=":1" />

===Crash===
While Flight 605 was attempting to land, the pilots flew far below the glideslope, and the landing gear touched down on the grounds of the Karnataka Golf Association, approximately {{convert|2,800|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the airport. Most people on the aircraft, including some crew members, thought that the aircraft had touched down on the runway as it was similar to its normal landing. Flight 605 then bounced and shortly later impacted the ground for the second time. The impact caused several people's seat belts to fail, leading people to be thrown from their seats and hit the aircraft's floor. Flight 605 later struck a {{convert|12|ft|m|abbr=on}} embankment. Both the engines and landing gear detached from the aircraft. The aircraft then flew over a road and crashed into a grassy, rocky area near the airport.<ref name=":1" />

===Search and rescue===
After the crash, a post-impact fire started and the survivors began to escape from the burning wreckage. Several people managed to get out of the plane from an opening in the aircraft's fuselage. The surviving cabin crew opened the emergency door on the airplane and began to evacuate the survivors. 92 people, consisting of 88 passengers and 4 crew, perished in the crash, while 54 survived, all with injuries. Two people succumbed to their injuries after the accident.<ref name=":1" />

According to eyewitnesses, no fire service units reached the crash site as there was no radio transmitter (RT) communication facility between the tower and firefighting vehicles. A portable radio transmitter was available for communication between the tower and the aerodrome fire station, but was not serviceable on the day of the accident.<ref name=":1" />

==Passengers and crew==
Flight 605 carried 139 passengers and 7 crew members, consisting of 2 cockpit crew and 5 cabin crew. There were 4 infants aboard the flight.<ref name=":1" />

The pilot who controlled the flight was Indian national Captain Cyril Fernandez at 46 years old. He joined Indian Airlines in 1977 as a pilot and was promoted to the position of co-pilot. Eventually, he became Captain of a Hawker Siddeley HS 748. In 1983, Fernandez obtained a Boeing 737 co-pilot rating, followed by a Captain rating in 1984. Fernandez became the co-pilot of an Airbus A320 in 1989. Fernandez had a total flying experience of 9,307 hours, of which 68 hours were spent on the Airbus A320.<ref name=":1" />

According to the report, Captain Fernandez was under supervision as he was undergoing the first of 10 route checks required for qualification to captain. During the flight, he was seated in the left seat.<ref name=":1" />

The pilot who supervised Captain Fernandez was Indian national Captain Satish Gopujkar at 44 years old. He joined Indian Airlines in 1969 and was employed as a co-pilot on a Hawker Siddeley HS 748 from 1971 to 1981, later flying the plane as a captain. In 1981, he obtained a Boeing 737 co-pilot rating and later, a pilot in command rating in 1983. In 1989, he was promoted as a co-pilot on an Airbus A320. Captain Gopujkar had a total flying experience of 10,340 hours, of which 255 hours were on the Airbus A320. During the flight, he was carrying out the duties of both the co-pilot and the check pilot.<ref name=":1" />

Before Flight 605, Captain Gopujkar was involved in a taxiing incident in Cochin, although he was not blamed for the incident. During Flight 605, he was seated in the right seat.<ref name=":1" />

==Casualties==
92 people were killed in the crash, including Captain Gopujkar and Captain Fernandez. According to official reports: amongst the 54 injured people, at least 20 had suffered head injuries, 32 suffered lower limb injuries, while 7 sustained thoracic injuries. Details in the report revealed that most of the dead suffered major trauma during the crash. At least 81 victims were revealed to have suffered shock and burn injuries.<ref name=":1" />

The report then stated that several passengers may have been too injured to move, leaving them physically unable to escape from the burning wreckage. They may have survived the impact, but due to the injuries they suffered during the crash, they couldn't escape. The report stated that most people seated near the emergency exits and slides survived the crash.<ref name=":1" />

As most survivors and victims of the crash suffered head and leg injuries, the investigative team stated that those injuries might have occurred to the passengers (and some of the crew) on board as a result of the inadequate leg room. In addition, during the crash, several seats were thrust forward, causing several passengers' head to slam into the back of the seat in front of them.<ref name=":1" />

==Investigation==
The Indian Ministry of Civil Aviation ordered an investigation into the crash. The Indian [[Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (India)|AAIB]] and the Canadian [[Transportation Safety Board of Canada|TSB]] were involved in the investigation. On 19 February, investigators visited the crash site and inspected the wreckage of the aircraft. They noted that the front part of the aircraft was destroyed during its impact with the embankment. A subsequent fire led to the total destruction of the aircraft.<ref name=":1" />

===Initial inspection===
Investigators then inspected the flight controls of Flight 605, viz. the rudder, the ailerons, the trimmable horizontal stabilizer, the flaps and slats, and several other flight controls. However, they didn't find any abnormalities on these controls. Control failure was ruled out as a possible cause of the crash. According to investigators, they also ruled out terrorism as a cause of the crash, as there were no signs of an onboard explosion during the approach and there was no evidence of explosives on board.<ref name=":1" />

===FDR and CVR analysis===
After the discovery of the FDR and the CVR, investigators decoded and analyzed its contents.<ref name=":1" />

Investigators made an analysis based on both flight recorders as follows:
Flight 605 was approaching Bangalore Airport in 'open descent' mode. In this mode, the aircraft engines are at the idle throttle. People would notice this since the engines seem to turn silent, and the plane appears to be sinking gradually.<ref name=":1" />

The crew of Flight 605 disengaged the autopilot when sighting the runway of Bangalore Airport. They later made contact with Bangalore Tower. At 01:40 pm local time, the aircraft display indicated that the plane's altitude had been just under 5000 feet and its approach path was 600 ft higher than the normal glide path.<ref name=":1" />

Captain Fernandez noticed this and requested for a [[go-around]]. He would climb to {{convert|6,000|ft|m|abbr=on}}, do another circle and come back better aligned to the normal glide path. The check pilot, Captain Gopujkar then responded to his request: "Do you want a go around? Or do you want vertical speed?" Captain Fernandez chose to proceed with the vertical speed option. If the pilots had proceeded with the go-around, the emergency that was to follow could have been averted.<ref name=":1" />

Since the plane was a little higher than the normal glide path, Captain Fernandez asked for a higher descent rate of 1000 ft/min, instead of the normal rate of 700 ft/min. This faster descent increased the aircraft speed to {{convert|275|km/h|kn mph|abbr=on}} — higher than the recommended speed of {{convert|240|km/h|kn mph|abbr=on}} — but it helped the aircraft regain the normal glide path. The aircraft was also now in the vertical speed mode — the correct mode for landing.<ref name=":1" />

Captain Gopujkar then checked the landing checklist. After completing the checklist, he asked the cabin crew to be seated at their stations. Realizing that the aircraft had regained its normal glide path, Captain Gopujkar reported at 01:42 that he had now selected a "700 ft rate of descent". However, instead of choosing the vertical speed knob, he accidentally chose the altitude knob. So, instead of inputting an order for a {{convert|700|ft|m|abbr=on}} rate of descent to the Airbus A320, he made an order to put the aircraft on an altitude of 700 ft.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:Cockpit View PR-AVP A320-214 msn 4891 (6349154954).jpg|thumb|The cockpit of an Airbus A320. The ten control knobs are shown]]
The vertical speed knob and the altitude knob are located next to each other and have a similar design. This might have led to the confusion.<ref name=":1" />

Because of Captain Gopujkar's action, the aircraft went back to the 'open descent' mode, causing the throttle to be in the idle position. The absence of engine power on the aircraft led to a decrease of the aircraft's speed, and the plane began descending more quickly. Despite the impending disaster, the crew of Flight 605 seemed to be unaware of it.<ref name=":1" />

The plane's radio altimeter then sounded: "400 ft". This probably alerted Captain Gopujkar in some way because he suddenly observed: "You are descending on idle open descend eh, all this time!". And as the altimeter called out "300 ft", Captain Gopujkar asked: "You want flight directors off now?". Captain Fernandez confirmed that his flight director had been put off, Captain Gopujkar's however, hadn't. If both the flight directors had been put off at that point, the plane would have gone to the speed mode, sensing that speed was dropping, and enough engine power could have been generated for a possible recovery even at that late stage.<ref name=":1" />

The plane continued to hurtle downwards. When the plane was only {{convert|135|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the ground, Captain Fernandez suddenly realized the gravity of the situation and exclaimed: "Hey, we're going down!". Captain Gopujkar, himself stunned now, could only respond with "Oh, shit!" Those were his last recorded words. Captain Fernandez then ordered an immediate TOGA (Take-off Go-around). However, this action was too late. The aircraft did lift from the ground, however, it failed to clear a {{convert|12|ft|m|abbr=on}} embankment and crashed. Investigators stated that if this action had been taken 2 seconds earlier, the disaster could have been averted.<ref name=":1" />

===Court's findings===
The High Court of Karnataka reported that the accident was caused by the pilots failing to realize the gravity of the situation and failing to respond by immediately advancing the throttles, even after the radio altitude callouts of "Four Hundred," "Three Hundred" and "Two Hundred" feet, despite knowing that the plane was in idle/open descent mode.<ref name=":1" />

==Controversy==
India's investigative team concluded that pilot error was the cause of the accident, which was supported by [[Airbus]] Industries. However, the India Commercial Pilot Association (ICPA) disputed the report, claiming that a design flaw on the Airbus A320 was the cause of the crash.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19900615-flight-1c-605-inquiry-what-caused-the-crash-812677-1990-06-14|title=Dispute over findings|work=India Today|access-date=27 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202052203/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/flight-1c-605-inquiry-what-caused-the-crash/1/315232.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The ICPA stated that the senior Captain of the flight, Captain Gopujkar, would not have made the series of mistakes described in the official report, and stated that there was no proof that he made the faulty setting (since the flight data recorder did not record such mistakes). The association also believed that the engines went to idle power because of a major system defect, and that, even when Gopujkar tried to shut his director off, it didn't respond. They also claimed that the time lag of 0.5 seconds for the auto-thrust controls to act proved to be disastrous.<ref name=":2" />

At the time, the Airbus A320 was relatively new, having just been launched in 1988. Its main difference from other aircraft was that it used fly-by-wire (FBW) technology. In a conventional aircraft the pilot was in direct contact with the actuator; so if the pilot opened the throttle more, the actuator immediately gave the pilot more power. In the A320, however, the pilot's command is first directed to an onboard computer — and the actuator responds only when the computer determines that it is okay to do so.<ref name=":2" />

Before the crash of Flight 605, an Airbus A320 had been involved in another crash, [[Air France Flight 296Q]]. The official investigation had determined that the cause of that crash was pilot error. However, the pilot had blamed the plane's fly-by-wire system for the crash. This claim had caused a major controversy about the Airbus A320.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880626-0|title=Air France Flight 296|publisher=ASN|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055815/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880626-0|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Less than two years after the crash of Flight 605, the A320 suffered another fatal accident when [[Air Inter Flight 148]] crashed in France killing 87 people. The cause was also a [[CFIT]] like 605. The investigation of Flight 148 harshly criticized the Airbus A320's cockpit design. In response, changes were made to the Flight Control Unit panel display; the [[Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety|French aviation safety authority]] issued 34 recommendations.<ref
name= ":0"
/>

==See also==
* [[Airblue Flight 202]] – A crash in Pakistan in which the pilot failed to pull a knob to put a heading setting into effect
* [[Air Inter Flight 148]] – Similar crash in France involving an Airbus A320 which was caused by a design flaw on its autopilot
* [[British European Airways Flight 548]] – Pilot retracted the aircraft's droop flaps too early, causing a fatal deep stall

==References==
{{Portal bar|1990s|Bangalore|Aviation}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/IndianAir605/Indian%20Airlines%20Flt%20605%20%20Accident%20Report.pdf Indian Airlines Flt 605 Accident Report] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20161222154323/http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/IndianAir605/Indian%20Airlines%20Flt%20605%20%20Accident%20Report.pdf Archive])
**[https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130617580&mainAccidentReports Alternate link] at the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200525231534/https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130617580&mainnull Archive]) 
*[https://www.tailstrike.com/140290.htm Cockpit voice recorder transcript and accident summary]
{{Bangalore}}
{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 1990}}
{{Aviation incidents and accidents in India}}
{{Air India}}
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1990]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain]]
[[Category:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents|605]]
[[Category:1990 disasters in India]]
[[Category:1990s in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Disasters in Karnataka]]
[[Category:February 1990 in India]]

Ramayan (2002 TV series)

2026-02-18T09:42:48Z

Arpan1314: made post

{{short description|Indian mythological television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = BRC RAMAYAN Oficial poster.jpg
| company = B.R. Films
| num_episodes = 48
| num_seasons = 1
| last_aired = {{End date|2002}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2001}}
| screenplay = Ram Govind Hassan Kamal (dialogues) Satish Bhatnagar, Hassan Kamal, Ram Govind, Shafiq Ansari
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| starring = [[Nitish Bharadwaj]] 
[[Smriti Irani]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| music = [[Raj Kamal]]
| editor = Birpal Singh
| composer = Maya Govind
| cinematography = Dharam Chopra
| location =
| producer = [[B.R. Chopra]]
| director = [[B.R. Chopra]] [[Ravi Chopra]]
| executive_producer = Bharat Ratan
| genre = Epic
| based_on = [[Ramayana]]
| creator = [[B.R. Chopra]]
| runtime = 45 minutes
}}
'''''Ramayan''''' is a [[Hindi language|Hindi]] TV series that was aired on [[Zee TV]] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20020204-br-chopra-to-present-silicon-graphics-driven-ramayan-on-zee-tv-795802-2002-02-04|title=Now, B.R. Chopra to present silicon graphics-driven Ramayan on Zee TV|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=India Today|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=7 March 2020|last3=|first3=|last4=|first4=}}</ref> It is a television adaptation of the ancient Indian epic of [[Ramayana|the same name]], and is primarily based on [[Valmiki]]'s ''[[Ramayana]],'' [[Tulsidas]] [[Ramcharitmanas|''Ramcharitramanas'']], [[Kalidasa|Kalidasa's]] ''[[Raghuvaṃśa]]'' and [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar's]] [[Ramavataram|Kambh Ramayana]]. It was produced and directed by [[Baldev Raj Chopra]] and [[Ravi Chopra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/rip-ravi-chopra-1946-2014-lesser-known-facts-about-baghban-director-725608.html|title=RIP Ravi Chopra (1946-2014): Lesser known facts about 'Baghban' director|last=|first=|date=|website=News18|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Mythologicals in their modern avatar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020317/spectrum/main7.htm |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The Tribune}}</ref>

The scripting for the series was done by Ram Govind and Research was done by Satish Bhatnagar, [[Hasan Kamal]] and Shafiq Ansari. Dharam Chopra was the Director of Photography.

Each episode started with a title song sung by [[Vinod Rathod]] and ended with a doha or couplet sung by Manoj Mishra and written by Maya Govind.

==Premise==
[[File:Actor Nitish Bharadwaj as Ram.jpg|thumb|302x302px|Nitish Bharadwaj who played Ram]]
The show starts with Introduction of King Dasharath is shown. He returns victorious from a war. His three queens - Kaushalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi welcome him happily. Yet they were unhappy of not having an heir to the throne. Followed by his grief for not having a son, king Dasharath visits Guru Vashishth who suggests him to go to rishi Shringi. King Dashrath goes in search for rishi Shringi, After many hardships, he convinces Rishi Shringi for Santati Yagya. After completion of the yagya, King Dashrath has four sons, Ram, Bharat, Lakshman and Shatrughn from his three queens. Kaushalya gave birth to Ram, Kaikeyi to Bharat and Sumitra to Lakshman and Shatrughn who were twins. It covers several scenes from the Maharishi Valmiki's Ramayana. Scenes of Ram going to gurukul and coming back are shown. Sita's swayamwar and Ram-Sita Marriage is also shown here. Along with them, the brothers of Ram - Lakshman, Bharat and Shatrughn married the sister and cousins of Sita - Urmila, Mandavi and Shrutakirti respectively.
The brides were welcomed in Ayodhya.
Soon afterward Dasharath desired to crown Ram as the king of Ayodhya. Manthara poisoned Kaikeyi's mind against Dasharath's idea.
Recalling that Dasharath had once promised to grant Kaikeyi any two boons that she asked from him, she demanded that Ram should be exiled to the forest for fourteen years and that Bharat should be crowned ruler instead. Although heartbroken, Dasharath is compelled to keep his word. Reluctantly, he asks Ram to leave for the forest. Ram happily accepts the exile and leaves for the forest. Ram reluctantly accepts the company of his wife, Sita, and his younger brother, Lakshman. When Bharat learns that his mother is responsible for Ram's exile, he follows Ram and begs him to return with him to Ayodhya. However, Ram refuses, bound by his duty to carry out his father's promise. Bharat decides instead to bring back Ram, Lakshman and Sita from the forest. Ram politely denies the idea of returning before the completion of the exile period to respect the tradition of Raghu dynasty of keeping words. Bharat agrees and takes Ram's paduka instead. He places them on the throne as a gesture that Ram is the true king. He decided to spend an ascetic life like Ram and Lakshman staying in Nandigram at the outskirts of Ayodhya till the end of exile. Upon his insistence, Shatrughn ruled as his proxy over Ayodhya throughout the fourteen-year exile. Ram, Sita, and Lakshman wandered in the forests, combating evil wherever they encounter it. They gained the blessings of numerous wise men and sages along the way. Thirteen years into the exile, Ravan, the King of Lanka, abducts Sita. In their search of her, Ram and Lakshman meet Hanuman, Sugriv, Jamvanta, and the Vanar Sena. When they reach Lanka, Rama battles Ravan and ultimately kills him, signifying triumph of good over evil. Lord Ram returns back to Ayodhya and is declared the King of Ayodhya. The series ends with coronation of Lord Ram.

==Episodes==
There were total of 48 episodes which were aired every Sunday at 9AM.

==Episode guide==

===Baal Kaand (Episode 1 to Episode 17) ===
*'''Episode 1'''- King Dasharath's Early life. His queens, Kaushalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi. Dasharatha asks Guru Vashishth for help in performing a yagna (sacrifice) to obtain children. Lord Vishnu asks Goddess Lakshmi to incarnate with him.
*'''Episode 2'''- Completion of Santati Yagya. Ravan's Introduction, King Janak asks lord Shiva for a child.
*'''Episode 3'''- Lord Vishnu is born as Ram. King Dasharath is blessed with three more sons.
*'''Episode 4'''- Guru Vashishth is called for the naming ceremony of the King Dashrath's four sons. The four children leave for Ashram.
*'''Episode 5'''- Goddess Lakshmi is born as Sita.
*'''Episode 6'''- Sage Vishwamitra's sacrifices are being disturbed by Tataka, a yakshini turned demoness.
*'''Episode 7'''- King Dasharath is eagerly waiting for Ram to come back.
*'''Episode 8'''- Ram and his brothers meet the parents.
*'''Episode 9'''- Vishwamitra arrived at Ayodhya and asks Dasharath to send Ram and Lakshman with him for protection of his yagya.
*'''Episode 10'''- Ram kills Tataka and her son Subahu and wounds her other son Marich who returns to Lanka.
*'''Episode 11'''- Sita along with Shatanand visits ashram of Gautam and gets to know about him giving curse to his wife Ahalya.
*'''Episode 12'''- Ram frees Ahalya from the curse, Ahalya and Gautam reconcile.
*'''Episode 13'''- Ram and Lakshman along with Vishvamitra arrive Mithila, Ram and Sita see each other in Pushpa Vatika.
*'''Episode 14'''- Ram strings the bow of Shiv, Parshuram arrives in anger, Ram calms him down.
*'''Episode 15-''' Dasharath arrives Mithila along with others. Janak and Dasharath decide to get the three brothers of Ram married to sister and cousins of Sita.
*'''Episode 16'''- Marriages of Ram - Sita, Lakshman - Urmila, Bharat - Mandavi, Shatrughn - Shrutakirti.
*'''Episode 17'''- Janak and his family bids farewell to the daughters, Dasharath and others returns to Ayodhya.

===Ayodhya Kaand (Episode 18 to Episode 31)===

*'''Episode 18'''- Dasharath and his sons bid farewell to Vishvamitra.
*'''Episode 19''' - Sita invites his in-laws for the first kitchen of the sisters.
*'''Episode 20''' - Kaikeyi's brother Yuddhajit arrives. Bharat and Shatrughn leaves with him for Kaikeya.
*'''Episode 21'''- Manthara tells Kaikeyi about the decision of coronation of Ram. She instigates her against him.
*'''Episode 22'''- Kaikeyi demands Dasharath asking him to give the throne to Bharat and exile of fourteen years to Ram, Ram accepts the decision, Lakshman and Sita decide to accompany Ram.
*'''Episode 23'''- Kaikeyi gives clothes of hermits to Ram, Lakshman and Sita.
*'''Episode 24'''- Ram, Lakshman and Sita bid farewell to the family members.
*'''Episode 25'''- Bharat and Shatrughn leave for Ayodhya, Dasharath tells Kaushalya about his curse.
*'''Episode 26'''- Ram blesses Kevat and Nishad raj, Dasharath dies of grief.
*'''Episode 27'''- Bharat and Shatrughn arrive home and are devastated to hear of their brothers' exile and their father's death. Bharat refuses the crown and decides to bring Ram back.
*'''Episode 28'''- Kaikeyi mourns. Bharat takes permission of elders and they agree to bring Ram back. Kaushalya tells Kaikeyi to come along.
*'''Episode 29'''- Devi Sita's father Janak hears all the news, including that Bharat has gone after Ram and taken the army. Janak heads after them.Ram and Bharat meet at Chitrakut. Bharat takes sandals of Ram.
*'''Episode 30 '''- Bharat places the sandals of Ram on the throne. Ram tells Sita and Lakshman, the story of Atri and Anusuya.
*'''Episode 31 '''- Ram, Sita and Lakshman meet Atri and Anusuya. Later, they meet Jatayu who advices them to stay at Panchavati.

=== Aranya Kand (Episode 32 to Episode 37)===
*'''Episode 32'''- The story of Hanuman is told.
*'''Episode 33''' - Vali faces Dundubhi. Sugriva is kicked out of
*'''Episode 34''' - Shurpanakha meets Ram and Lakshman and keeps proposal of marriage. She tries to harm Sita after being rejected. Lakshman chops off her nose.
*'''Episode 35'''- Ram and Lakshman kill Khar, Dushan and Trishira. Ravan asks Marich to help him in abduction of Sita.
*'''Episode 36''' - Ravan abducts Sita. Jatayu intervenes. Ravan harms him. Jatayu tells Ram and Lakshman about Sita.
*'''Episode 37''' - Ram meets Shabari. She tells him about Sugriv.

=== Kishkindha Kand (Episode 38 to Episode 39)===
*'''Episode 38''' - Ram and Lakshman meet Sugriv, a prince of the Vanar kingdom, and Hanuman, a powerful vanar who is the son of the Wind God Vayu, find Devi Sita's jewellery and show it to Ram. Sugriv tells his story: he left his brother king Vali who was fighting an asura in a cave, truly thinking that Vali was dead, and took the throne as regent until Vali's son Angad grew up. However, Vali was not dead, and returned angry, beating up Sugriv.
*'''Episode 39'''- Ram kills Vali for his wrong actions. Sugriv is now the king. A grateful Sugriv orders his army to find Devi Sita.

===Sundar Kand (Episode 40 to Episode 42)===
*'''Episode 40'''- Sugriv's Vanar sena goes in all directions searching for Devi Sita. Angad, Hanuman and Jambavantha meet Jatayu's brother Sampati, who tells them Devi Sita is across the sea in Lanka. Hanuman reaches Lanka and meets Vibhishan.
*'''Episode 41'''- Ravan warns Sita. When she rejected, he tries to kill him. Mandodari intervenes. Hanuman meets Sita and tells her about Ram. Hanuman kills Akshay Kumar.
*'''Episode 42''' - Meghanad brings Hanuman to Ravan. Ravan orders to set fire in his tail. Hanuman burns Lanka. Hanuman tells Ram about Sita.

===Lanka Kand/Yuddha Kanda(Episode 43 to Episode 48)===
*'''Episode 43'''- Vibhishan advices Ravan to return Sita to Ram. Ravan expels Vibhishan from Lanka. Vibhishan along with his family goes to Ram. Ram prays to sea.
*'''Episode 44'''- The army of Ram builds a bridge over the sea. Angad goes to Lanka as messenger of Ram. Angad warns Ravan to return Sita to Ram.
*'''Episode 45'''- Prahast, Ravan's son withdraws his participation in the battle, much to Ravan's dismay. Prahast praises Ram. Ram prays to goddess Durga.
*'''Episode 46'''- Ram saves Vibhishan from a celestial weapon of Ravan. Meghanad injures Lakshman with a celestial weapon. Lord Hanuman goes in search of sanjivani booti. He kills Kalanemi and meets Bharata in Ayodhya
*'''Episode 47'''- Laxman is cured and resumes the war. Lakshman kills Meghanad. Ravan wakes up his second brother Kumbhkaran, and tells about the conflict with Ram. Kumbhkarn goes for battle. Ram kills him.
*'''Episode 48'''- Last day of the great war. Ram And Ravan fight face to face. Ram shoots arrow on Ravan's head, but he regrows his head. Ram kills Ravan by shooting an arrow on his navel, and before dying, he imparts knowledge to Laxman. Vibhishan is crowned as the King of Lanka. Ram meets Sita and asks her for Agnipariksha. 14 years of exile are over. Ram, Sita and Lakshman return to Ayodhya. Ram meets everyone and is crowned as the King of Ayodhya.

==Production==
*The series was produced by B.R Chopra and directed by Ravi Chopra. The executive producer for the series was Bharat Ratan.

==Re-run==
* Ramayan was re-telecasted on Zee TV and DD National in the year 2008 from 28 July 2008 to 20 August 2009.
* Ramayan was re-telecasted on Dhamaal from 3 June 2024 to 20 July 2024.
* Ramayan was re-telecasted on Dabang from 11 October 2024 to 27 November 2024.

==Music==
*Raj Kamal was the music Director.
*[[Vinod Rathod]] sang the title song of the series.
*Monoj Mishra sang the doha (end song) or the [[couplet]] for this series as well as for [[Vishnu Puran (TV series)]]
*[[Vinod Rathod]] sang seven songs in the episodes of Ram-Sita Vivah (episode 13 and 14)
*The songs were mainly taken from Shri [[Ramcharitmanas]] by Sage [[Tulsidasa]].
*Maya Govind composed the couplets for each episode.

==Casting==
* [[Nitish Bharadwaj]] (famous for his roles as [[Krishna]] and [[Vishnu]]) portrayed Bhagwan [[Vishnu]] as well as [[Rama]].
* [[Smriti Irani]] played Devi [[Lakshmi]] as well as [[Sita]].
* Kinshuk Vaidya was cast as Child [[Rama]].
* [[Sudhir Dalvi]] played [[Brahma]]dev in this series.
* [[Samar Jai Singh]] was replaced by Yashodhan Rana to play Bhagwan [[Shiva]].
* [[Samar Jai Singh]] played [[Meghnad]] for the series.

==Cast==
*[[Nitish Bhardwaj]] as [[Rama|Ram]] & [[Vishnu]]
*[[Smriti Irani]] as [[Sita]] & [[Lakshmi]]
*[[Surendra Pal]] as [[Ravana|Ravan]], King Of Lanka
*[[Deepak Jethi]] as [[Hanuman]], Devotee Of Lord Rama
*Bijay Anand as [[Lakshmana|Lakshman]], YoungerB rother Of Lord Rama
*Ayush Pandey as [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]], Younger Brother Of Lord Rama
*[[Amit Pachori]] as [[Shatrughna|Shatrughan]], Younger Brother Of Lord Rama
*Ashwini Sidwani as [[Urmila]], Lakshman's Wife, Sita's Sister
*Rajani Chandra as [[Mandavi]], Bharat's Wife, Shrutakirti's Sister
*[[Malini Kapoor]] / [[Aarti Puri]] as [[Shrutakirti]], Shatrughan's wife, Mandavi's Sister
*[[Gajendra Chauhan]] as [[Dasharatha|Dasharath]], Ram, Bharat, Lakshman and Shatrughan's Father
*[[Beena Banerjee]] as [[Kaushalya]], King Dasaratha's First Wife, Lord Rama's Mother
*Jyoti Joshi as [[Sumitra]], King Dasaratha's Second Wife, Lakshman and Shatrughan's Mother
*[[Dolly Minhas]] as [[Kaikeyi]], King Dasaratha's Third Wife, Bharat's Mother
*Tina Ghai as [[Manthara]], Kaikeyi's Maid
*Pradeep Sharma as [[Janaka|Janak]], Sita and Urmila's Father
*[[Shalini Kapoor Sagar]] as [[Sunayana (Ramayana)|Sunaina]], Sita And Urmila's Mother
*Raman Khatri as [[Kushadhwaja|Kushadhwaj]], Mandavi And Shrutakirti's Father
*Rakesh Vidwa as [[Shatananda|Shatanand]], Devi Ahalya's son, Royal Perceptor Of [[Nimi (king)|Nimi Clan]]
*A.K. Agnihotri as Mithila's Prime Minister
*Rajita Kocchar as [[Kaikesi]], Ravan's Mother
*Shameen Mistry as [[Tataka]], Subahu and Marich's mother
*Vicky Mehra as [[Subahu]], Ravan's Maternal Uncle
*Ramesh Goyal as [[Maricha]], Ravan's Maternal Uncle
*Shashi Sharma as [[Mandodari]], Ravan's Wife
*Rahul Solapurkar as [[Kumbhakarna]], Ravan's Younger Brother
*Sandeep Mohan as [[Vibhishana]], Ravan's Younger Brother
*[[Sheetal Maulik]] as [[Sarama (Ramayana)|Sarama]], Vibhishan's Wife
*[[Swati Verma]] as [[Shurpanakha]], Ravan, Kumbhakarn and Vibhishan's Sister
*[[Dharmesh Tiwari]] as [[Vasishtha]], Royal Preceptor Of [[Solar dynasty|Ikshvaku Clan]]
*Bhakti Nirula as [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]], Vasishtha's Wife
* Somesh Agarwal as [[Kardama]], Arundhati and Anusuya's Father
*Jayant Rawal as [[Atri]], Anusuya's husband
*Anupama Kumar as [[Anusuya]], Atri's wife
* Sanjay Swaraj as [[Gautama]], Ahalya's husband, Shatanand's Father
* Deepali Sayyad as [[Ahalya]], Gautam's wife, Shatanand's Mother
*Rammohan Sharma as Sumantra, Ayodhya's Prime Minister
*Rahul Sood as [[Prahasta]], Ravan's Younger son
*[[Samar Jai Singh]] as [[Indrajit]], Ravan's Elder Son
*[[Deepshikha Nagpal]] as [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Sulochana]], Indrajit's Wife
*Praphulla Pandey as [[Akshayakumara]], Ravan's Second Son
*Yashodhan Rana as [[Shiva]]
*Sheetal Bedi as Devi [[Parvati]], [[Shiva]]'s Wife
*Kinshuk Vaidya as Child [[Rama|Ram]]
*[[Sudhir Dalvi]] as [[Brahma]]
* Ritu Deepak as Devi [[Saraswati]], [[Brahma]]'s Wife
*Manoj Bhatia as [[Kesari (Ramayana)|Kesari]], Hanuman's Father
*Prairna Agarwal as [[Añjanā]], Hanuman's Mother
* Eshan Bhatia as Child Hanuman
*Kishore Puri as [[Indra]]
*Kishore Khatri as [[Chandra]]
*Sunil Nagar as [[Varuna]]
* Kamal Malik as [[Vayu]], Hanuman's Spiritual Father
*Shankar Nagre as [[Ahiravana]], Ravan's Brother
* Bhupindder Bhoopii as [[List of characters in Ramayana#K|Khara]], Cousin Brother Of Ravana
*Sagar Salunkhe as [[Parashurama|Parashuram]]
*Suhas Khandke as [[Vasuki]], Father Of Sulochana
*Javed Khan as [[Vishwamitra]], Ram and Lakshman's Mentor
*Armaan Anwar Khan As [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]]
*Rajesh Singh as [[Sugreeva|Sugriv]]
*Seema Pandey as [[Tara (Ramayana)|Tara]], Vali's Wife
*Mona Parekh as [[Rumā]], Sugriv's Wife
*Manish Garg as Vishvabandhu, Ayodhya's Royal Poet
*Tushar Vora as [[Dilīpa]], [[Raghu]]'s Father
* Deepak Velenkar as [[Rishyasringa]], The Chief Priest Of Putrakameshthi Yagya Organised By Dasharath
*Sonali Suryavanshi as [[Ganga]], A Sacred River Goddess
*Mamata Kapoor as [[Narmada]], a Sacred River Goddess
*Priyanka Saini as Yagyadevi

==Ramayan (2002 TV series) & Vishnu Puran (2000 TV series)==

===Actors who played same characters in both series===
*Nitish Bharadwaj played Ram and Vishnu in both the series.
*Ayush Pandey played Bharat in both the Series.
*Pradeep Sharma played Janak in both the series.
*Javed Khan played Vishwamitra in both the series.
*Dolly Minas played Kaikeyi in both the series.
*Tina Ghai played Manthara in both the series.
*Shashi Sharma played Mandodari in both the series.
*Sudhir Dalvi played Brahma in both the series.
*Rajita Kocchar played Kaikesi in both the series.

===Actors who changed their roles===
*[[Samar Jai Singh]] played Shiv in Vishnupuran and Meghanad in Ramayan.
*[[Surendra Pal]] played Shukracharya in Vishnupuran and Ravan in Ramayan.
*[[Dharmesh Tiwari]] played Sumantra in Vishnupuran and Vashishth in Ramayan.
*Bijay Anand played young Meghanad in Vishnupuran and Lakshman in Ramayan.
*[[Amit Pachori]] played Lakshman in Vishnupuran and Shatrughan in Ramayan.
*Sagar Salunkhe played Vishwamitra in Vishnupuran and Parshuram in Ramayan.
*Sandeep Mohan played Indra in Vishnupuran and Vibhishan in Ramayan.
*[[Deepak Jethi]] played Kalaketu in Vishnupuran and Hanuman in Ramayan.
*Mona Parekh played Kayadhu and Anusuya in Vishnupuran and Rumā, Sugriv's wife in Ramayan.
*[[Shalini Kapoor Sagar]] played Renuka in Vishnupuran and Sunayana in Ramayan.
*Yashodhan Rana played Prahlad and Meghnad/Indrajit in Vishnupuran and Shiva in Ramayan.
*Kinshuk Vaidya played child Prahlad in Vishnupuran and child Rama in Ramayan.

==Reception==
Even though Ramayan did not prove to be as successful as [[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)]] but it did become popular. Within a year, B.R Films had released 48 episodes of the series. In May 2003, it was consistently in Zee's top ten ratings. Although its a forgotten serial of the old era, It was one of the most watched tv serial during 2002-2003.

While working on the sets of Ramayan, In an interview, said Ravi Chopra "Because of the phenomenal success of ''Mahabharata,'' the expectations from our ''Ramayana'' are very high. We have once again Nitish Bharadwaj playing the main role of Ram and Smriti Malhotra-Irani is Sita. We have better technology today and better facilities than when we made our first epic. I have depended mainly on the original ''Valmiki Ramayana'' and the ''Ramcharit-Manas'' of Tulsidas. At the very outset, I am planning to outline the value of ''Maryada'', which is an entirely Indian concept and is epitomised by Ram, who is called ''Maryada Purushottam.'' Nitish Bharadwaj, who also contributes to the script with his inputs of research on the character of Ram, will define ''Maryada,'' a value which sets out the civilised limits and self-imposed controls of behaviour for people who want to live enlightened lives. Such explanations will enrich the narrative immeasurably.

"My sets are designed with great attention to detail. The costume team works closely with us. We have used references from sculptures, frescoes, temple carvings and manuscripts while designing of ambience, which is rich and ornate. Ram Govind is doing the script. We normally get the script of ten episodes ready and plan the look and feel of the serial. In mythologicals, casting and dialogues have to be perfect. The success of our ''Mahabharata'' was mainly due to excellence in these two areas. Rahi Masoom Raza wrote brilliant dialogues which linked eternal values from the epic to modern living and the result was almost electric. Even in ''Ramayana'', the effort is to apply modern yardsticks to old values and to justify why characters took particular actions though they may seem incorrect in the present day context.

"Today, television is a game of numbers. Everything rests on how much money a serial makes and what TRPs it gets. The making of ''Ramayana'' is an opportunity to combine beauty, glamour, values, beautiful language, beautiful relationships, memorable visuals and of course stories which touch every heart. ''Mahabharata'' and ''Ramayana'' are fountains of eternal wisdom and immortal values. The narratives and the characters who play them out run in the blood of every Indian. Epics give a special fragrance to the Indian soil. They give all religions in India their soul and our culture is rich and scintillating because of them. Stories can be retold on television in every decade without losing any freshness. I’m fortunate to do this!"

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSbl6JgLPHBijxGRRD8XWbfiXkRhhMVt Watch Ramayana]
*{{IMDb title|0389673}}

[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:2001 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television series based on the Ramayana]]

Vidyasagar railway station

2026-02-17T04:31:13Z

Arpan1314:

{{Short description|Railway station in Jharkhand, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|VIDYASAGAR}}
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = Vidyasagar Railway Station.jpg
| image_caption = Entrance view of Vidyasagar railway station
| address = [[Karmatanr, Jamtara|Karmatar]], [[Jamtara District]], [[Jharkhand]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.08251|N|86.7043980584|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|243|m|}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| tracks = Broad gauge
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platforms = 2
| parking = Available
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = VDS
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Asansol}}
}}
| classification = '''NSG-5'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Railway – Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |publisher=Eastern Railway, Government of India |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1996–97<ref name=elec>{{cite web|title=History of Electrification|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|work=information published by CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|publisher=CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway]]
| passengers =
| map_type = India Jharkhand
| map_dot_label = Vidyasagar railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| line = [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
| other = Auto stand, Bus stand
| accessible = {{access icon|20px}} Available
| route_map = {{Howrah–Delhi main line|inline=1}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Vidyasagar railway station''' (station code: '''VDS''') is a railway station on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]] in [[Jamtara district]], [[Jharkhand]]. It comes under the [[Asansol railway division]] of the [[Eastern Railway zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Stations on Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidyasagar Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/vidyasagar-vds/589 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> The station was earlier known as [[Karmatanr, Jamtara|Karmatanr]] and was renamed in honour of [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]], the social reformer and educator who spent many years of his life in this area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Debajyoti |date=2019-07-16 |title=ER pays tribute to Vidyasagar, redevelops Karmatanr Station |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/er-pays-tribute-to-vidyasagar-redevelops-karmatanr-station-1502778571.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-01-30 |title=বিদ্যাসাগর স্টেশনের দেওয়ালচিত্রে ঈশ্বরচন্দ্রের জীবনকথা |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/asansol-news/west-bengal-asansol-vidyasagar-railway-station-decorated-on-vidyasagar-life-highlight-painting/67743138.cms |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vidyasagar legacy lost in sands of time |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/vidyasagar-legacy-lost-in-sands-of-time/cid/806902 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112204926/https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/vidyasagar-legacy-lost-in-sands-of-time/cid/806902 |archive-date=12 November 2024 |access-date=2025-09-08 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> The station serves the Karmatar village and its nearby rural areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=विद्यासागर रेलवे स्टेशन का बदलने लगा दृश्य - Changing scene of Vidyasagar railway station - Jharkhand Jamtara Local News |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamtara-changing-scene-of-vidyasagar-railway-station-19857770.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The station is also included under the [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme]] for modernization and infrastructure upgrades.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Amrit Bharat Station Scheme: Indian Railways says redeveloped Vidyasagar Railway Station will feature 'modernised amenities'; shares pictures |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-amrit-bharat-station-scheme-indian-railways-says-redeveloped-vidyasagar-railway-station-will-feature-modernised-amenities-shares-pictures-3345302/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrit Bharat stations |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrit Bharat Stations |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,443,2283 |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

==History==
In 1974, Vidyasagar railway station was renamed in honour of the Bengali scholar and social reformer [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]], who spent more than eighteen years of his life from 1873 to 1891 in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Once Used for RSS Shakhas, Vidyasagar's Forgotten Jharkhand House Fears Losing Legacy to Violence |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/once-ground-for-rss-shakhas-forgotten-house-of-vidyasagar-in-jharkhand-fears-losing-legacy-to-bengal-violence-2144217.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> During his stay at [[Karmatanr, Jamtara|Karmatar]], Vidyasagar lived in a residence called Nandan Kanan and dedicated himself to social service and education. He established one of the first schools for Santhal girls, promoted literacy among the local tribal population and ran a free homeopathy clinic for the poor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Jamtara, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India |url=https://jamtara.nic.in/history/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-09-24 |title=18 Years in Karmatanr as a Humanitarian and a Homeopath: Pandit Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar between 1873 and 1891 |url=https://www.pbhrfindia.org/blog/270-18-years-in-karmatanr-as-a-humanitarian-and-a-homeopath-pandit-ishwarchandra-vidyasagar-between-1873-and-1891.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Prasanta Banerji Homeopathic Research Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref> Because of these activities, Karmatar came to be regarded as his “karma-bhumi” or land of work.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ईश्वरचंद्र विद्यासागर की कर्मभूमि के रूप में मशहूर है जामताड़ा, देश-विदेश से आते हैं पर्यटक |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/state/jamtara/nandan-kanan-of-jamtara-is-famous-as-ishwar-chandra-vidyasagar/jh20200102162109520 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=2 January 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>

The renaming of the station was the result of efforts by the Bihar-Bengalee Association, which sought to commemorate Vidyasagar’s association with the area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandan Kanan - Vidyasagar |url=https://vidyasagarkarmatanr.org/pdf/nandan_kanon.pdf |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=vidyasagarkarmatanr.org}}</ref> Over time, the station precinct has also been developed with a park, a statue, and an open-air gallery depicting his life and contributions, giving the station a dual role as both a transport hub and a memorial site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengali-Bihari association of Karmatar preserves Vidyasagar's house and turns it into a museum |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/bengali-bihari-association-of-karmatar-preserves-vidyasagar-s-house-and-turns-it-into-a-museum |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref>

==Facilities==
The station consists of two platforms for UP and DOWN route trains, connected by a foot overbridge. Basic amenities such as a waiting area, seating, drinking water, and toilets are available for passengers. A booking office and enquiry counter are located at the entrance. The circulating area has been upgraded in recent years with improved access roads and vehicle parking. As part of modernization, the station precinct also features a small park, decorative murals, and a statue of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New amenities & facilities inaugurated at Vidyasagar station |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=2080&did=1584015303346759076D8D80F2C89509DFCD5DBE823CE |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

The station has been also selected under the [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme]] for modernization. New facilities under construction include an upgraded station facade, improved passenger amenities and enhanced circulating areas aimed at meeting modern standards of convenience and accessibility for passengers.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-02-26 |title=WATCH: अमृत भारत स्टेशन योजना के तहत जामताड़ा विद्यासागर रेलवे स्टेशन को मिली करोड़ों की सौगात |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!videos/jamtara-vidyasagar-railway-station-will-be-redeveloped-under-amrit-bharat-station-scheme-jhs24022605103 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref>

==Trains==
The station has stoppage for both express and suburban trains on the [[Howrah–New Delhi main line|Howrah - New Delhi main line]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=32 Arrivals at Vidyasagar ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/vidyasagar-vds/589 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidyasagar (VDS) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry - RailYatri |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/vidyasagar-vds |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.railyatri.in}}</ref> It provides connectivity to nearby towns as well as major cities across [[Jharkhand]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]]. The station also has connectivity for trains running towards [[Ranchi Junction railway station|Ranchi]] via [[Dhanbad Junction railway station|Dhanbad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train Passing via Vidyasagar |url=https://www.adanione.com/railway-stations/vidyasagar-railway-station-vds |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |website=adanione.com}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Asansol railway division]]
* [[Eastern Railway zone]]
* [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
* [[Asansol–Patna section]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/589#st Vidyasagar station map]
* [http://jamtara.nic.in/ Official website of the Jamtara district]

{{Railway stations in Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Asansol railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Jamtara district]]

West Kameng district

2026-02-12T20:54:01Z

Arpan1314: Improved wording and formatting

{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = West Kameng District
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Arunachal Pradesh|District]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh (India).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Bomdila
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bomdila]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 7422
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 83,947<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title= District Census 2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in |access-date=2014-01-07 }}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 69.4%<ref name=districtcensus />
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 755<ref name=districtcensus />
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://westkameng.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = 13,700 feet Sela Lake,in west Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh.jpg
| image_caption = Sela lake near the [[Sela Pass]]
}}

'''West Kameng district''' (pronounced {{IPA|ˈkæmɛŋ}}) is a district of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in northeastern India. It accounts for 8.86% of the total area of the state. The name is derived from the [[Kameng river]], a tributary of the [[Brahmaputra]], that flows through the district.

== History ==

The area around the Kameng river has traditionally come under the control of the [[Monpa people|Mon]] kingdom, Bhutan, Tibet and the [[Ahom kingdom]]. [[Tibetan Buddhism]] got a strong foothold among the tribal groups as early as in the 7th century, where the [[Kachen Lama]] constructed the [[Lhagyala Gompa]] in [[Morshing]].

Whenever loose control was exerted over the area, small, feudal chiefdoms ruled by the [[Miji people|Miji]] and the [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]] chiefs dominated control over the area. This can be evidenced in the fact that ruined fortresses like those in [[Bhalukpong]] constructed in the 10th to 12th century and the [[Dirang]] fort, which was constructed in the 17th century to defend against invasions from neighbouring chiefdoms.

Upon the arrival of the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]], the present-day West Kameng was placed under what was known as the [[North-East Frontier Agency]] (later, Arunachal Pradesh). It was renamed as the Balipara Frontier tract in 1919, with its headquarters at Charduar in Assam. In 1946, the district area was carved out of the Balipara, with the name Sela Sub-Agency and its headquarters continued to be Charduar of Assam.

Following the independence of India, the Sela Sub-Agency was renamed as the Kameng Frontier Division. Its headquarters were later transferred to [[Bomdila]] in 1954. However, with the invasion of Tibet in 1950, Tibetan refugees started populating the area. Furthermore, with the invasion of the Chinese troops into this area, many historical monuments were either destroyed or defaced.

The Kameng Frontier Division was renamed as the ''Kameng District''. The ''Political Officer'' was also redesignated as the ''[[Deputy Commissioner of Kameng]]''. However, due to political reasons, the Kameng district was bifurcated between East Kameng and West Kameng on 1 June 1980.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = https://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids | access-date = 2014-01-07}}</ref> [[Tawang]] district, which initially belonged to part of the district, was separated on 6 October 1984.
On March 7, 2024, [[Bichom district]] was carved out from West Kameng district comprising all the regions inhabited by the Miji community<ref name="Statoids"/>

==Geography==
West Kameng district occupies an area of {{convert|7442|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book | editor1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | page = 1113 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Papua New Guinea]]'s [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]].<ref name="Islands">{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = New Ireland 7,404km2 | access-date = 2014-01-07}}</ref> It lies approximately between 91° 30' to 92° 40' East longitudes and 26° 54' to 28° 01' North latitudes. The district shares an international border with [[Tibet]] in the north, [[Bhutan]] in the west, [[Tawang District]] in the northwest, and [[East Kameng]] district in the east. The southern border is shared with [[Sonitpur]] district and [[Udalguri]] district of [[Assam]]. The [[Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary]] is located in West Kameng.
[[File:Bhalukpong scenery.jpg|thumb|The scenic beauty of Bhalukpong in West Kameng district]]

===Topography===
The topography is mostly mountainous. Much of the West Kameng area is covered with the [[Himalayas]]. The highest peak in the district and state is [[Kangto]].

===Climate===

Like [[East Kameng]], the West Kameng district experiences an arid [[tundra]] or a cool temperate climate in the north. Snow fall occurs from mid-November to February. Snow can be also seen in Khupi, Bomdila, Sela. Sela range is the highest place in the district, situated at 13,714 feet above sea level.

==Transport==
The {{convert|2000|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} proposed Mago-[[Thingbu]] to [[Vijaynagar, Changlang|Vijaynagar]] [[Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road|Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway]] along the [[McMahon Line]],<ref name=BR1>{{cite web|title=Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-China-border/articleshow/44831871.cms|author=Dipak Kumar Dash|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR2>{{cite web|title=Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways
|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-narendra-modi-government-to-provide-funds-for-restoration-of-damaged-highways-2020106|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR3>{{cite web|title=Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/indian-government-plans-highway-along-disputed-china-border/|work=Ankit Panda|publisher=thediplomat.com|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR4>{{cite web |url= https://www.livemint.com/Politics/nqEwdXxkIgrSHPpTSzsFRN/Govt-planning-road-along-McMohan-line-in-Arunachal-Pradesh.html |title= Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju |publisher= Live Mint |access-date= 2014-10-26}}</ref> (will intersect with the proposed [[East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh|East-West Industrial Corridor Highway]]) and will pass through this district, alignment map of which can be seen [https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nat7.jpg here] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112247/http://arunachalpradesh.nic.in/images/state_map.jpg here].<ref name=BR5>{{cite web |url= https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nation.htm|title=China warns India against paving road in Arunachal|work=Ajay Banerjee|publisher=tribuneindia.com|access-date= 2014-10-26}}</ref>

==Economy==

Like most of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Jhum]], or [[shifting cultivation]], is practised among the tribes who live in lower elevations where there is a temperate or subtropical climate. Horticulture is practised as well.

Small industries such as textile and handicraft factories can be found. Nowadays tourism industries is booming in this district along Tawang district. With the improving of roads condition and investment in hospitality sectors the flow of tourists can be seen round the year.

==Divisions==

The district is divided into three subdivisions, [[Thrizino]], [[Rupa, Arunachal Pradesh|Rupa]] and [[Bomdila]], which are further divided into twelve administrative circles, namely, [[Dirang]], Bomdila, [[Kalaktang]], Balemu, Bhalukpong, Jameri, Singchung, Nafra, Thrizino, Rupa, Thembang and Shergaon. The four development blocks in this district are Dirang, Kalaktang, Nafra-Buragaon, and Thrizino.

There are 4 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies located in this district: [[Dirang]], [[Kalaktang]], [[Thrizino-Buragaon]] and [[Bomdila]]. All of these are part of [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm|title=Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website|access-date=21 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813085549/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm|archive-date=13 August 2011}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|23=1961|24=26,872|25=1971|26=32,113|27=1981|28=41,567|29=1991|30=56,421|31=2001|32=74,599|33=2011|34=83,947|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

===Population===
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] West Kameng district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 83,947,<ref name=district_census>{{cite web | url = https://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Antigua and Barbuda]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Antigua and Barbuda 87,884 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 618th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=district_census/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 12 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=district_census/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 16.64%.<ref name=district_census/> West Kameng has a [[sex ratio]] of 755 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=district_census/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 69.4%.<ref name=district_census/>

===Language===
West Kameng comprises five major tribes: [[Monpa people|Monpa]] (which includes Dirang, Bhut, Lish, and Kalaktang Monpa), [[Miji people|Miji]] (Sajolang), [[Sherdukpen]], [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]] (Hrusso), and [[Bugun]] (Khowa). Minority tribes include [[Takpa]], [[Lishipa]], [[Chugpa]], and Butpa. All of these indigenous communities use [[Hindi]] to communicate with each other.

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of West Kameng (2011)<ref name="Census of India">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1200.XLSX |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Bhotiya#Language|Bhotia]]
| value1 = 33.12
| color1 = Violet
| label2 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| value2 = 17.07
| color2 = Sienna
| label3 = [[Hindi]]
| value3 = 9.83
| color3 = Orange
| label4 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| value4 = 4.17
| color4 = Peru
| label5 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value5 = 3.64
| color5 = Yellow
| label6 = [[Adi language|Adi]]
| value6 = 2.39
| color6 = Deepskyblue
| label7 = [[Nyishi language|Nyishi]]
| value7 = 2.36
| color7 = Darkblue
| label8 = [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]]
| value8 = 1.65
| color8 = Royalblue
| label9 = Others
| value9 = 25.77
| color9 = Grey
}}

===Religion===
Most of the inhabitants are [[Buddhist]], though the Aka, Bugun (Khowa), and Miji have indigenous religions and those tribe members follow a mix of Buddhism, [[Hinduism]], and [[Donyi-Polo]] (a form of [[Animism]]).
{{bar box|width = 300px
| barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
| title = Religion in West Kameng district (2011)<ref name=Census>{{Cite news|url=https://www.census2011.com/data/religion/district/465-tawang.html|title=2011 Religion Census|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Per cent
| float =
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|gold|42.99}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|37.24}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|10.08}}
{{bar percent|[[Donyi Polo]]|crimson|6.86}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.35}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.47}}
}}

==Flora and fauna==
In 1989 West Kameng district became home to the [[Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|217|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Arunachal Pradesh|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> It is also home to the Sessa Orchid [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which was established in 1989 and has an area of {{convert|100|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[https://westkameng.nic.in/ Official website of the West Kameng district]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = West Kameng district
| North = [[Tawang district]]
| Northeast =
| East = [[East Kameng district]]
| Southeast = [[Sonitpur district]], Assam
| South =
| Southwest = [[Udalguri district]], Assam
| West = {{flag|Bhutan}}
| Northwest =
}}

{{Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}

[[Category:West Kameng district| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1946]]
[[Category:Districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

Jadab Chandra Deka

2026-02-05T04:27:53Z

Arpan1314: update citations for accuracy for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{short description|Indian politician}}
'''Jadab Chandra Deka''' is a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician from Assam. He was elected in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] election in 2011 from [[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Kamalpur]].<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/politics/trouble-for-gogoi-led-assam-govt-20-congress-mlas-ready-to-switch-sides-says-bjp-mla-1811077.html Trouble for Gogoi-led Assam govt]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161026075555/http://post.jagran.com/jadav-chandra-deka-appointed-new-leader-of-bjp-in-assam-legislative-assembly-1407126789 Deka appointed new leader of BJP in Assam Legislative Assembly]</ref><ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/india/india-news-india/assam-assembly-elections-2016-wait-for-agp-anchalik-trinamool-bjp-rebels/ Wait for AGP Anchalik, Trinamool BJP: rebels]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deka, Jadab}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:People from Kamrup district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Assam-BJP-politician-stub}}

Amrit Sanskar

2026-02-02T16:48:25Z

Arpan1314: General improvements and edits

{{Short description|One of the four Sikh Sanskars}}
[[File:Photograph of the Sikh religious initiation ceremony ("Khande-di-Pahul") for new recruits to the Sikh Regiment, 1947.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Sikh religious initiation ceremony ("Khande-di-Pahul") for new recruits to the Sikh Regiment, 1947]]
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
{{Sikh practices}}

'''Amrit Sanskar''' ({{langx|pa|ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ|translit=Amrita sansakāra}}, pronunciation: {{IPA|pa|ãːmɾʱɪt̪ sә̃nskäːɚ|}}, lit. "nectar ceremony") is one of the four Sikh [[Samskara (rite of passage)|Sanskars]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kalsi |first=Sewa Singh |title=Sikhism: Simple Guides |publisher=Kuperard |year=2007 |isbn=9781857336344 |edition=2nd |series=Simple Guides |quote=Amrit literally means water of immortality, which is used in the Sikh initiation ceremony; it is known as khande di pahul (literally, water of the double-edged sword). Let us go back to the fateful day of Baisakhi in 1699. After the selection of panj pyarey, the guru prepared amrit for the initiation ceremony. He discarded the centuries-old tradition of charan pahul. Before the founding of the Khalsa, the initiation used to be conducted with water touched by a guru's toe, thus the term charan pahul (charan means foot, pahul denotes water). The new-style initiation ceremony was fundamentally different from the traditional mode of initiation. Preparation of amrit is one of the defining factors of the new rite. The guru poured water into a steel bowl and stirred it with a double-edged sword while reciting hymns from the Adi Granth, including some of his own compositions. It is said that the guru's wife added some sugar into the bowl during the preparation of amrit.}}</ref> The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite introduced by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] when he founded the [[Khalsa]] in 1699.<ref name=Singh>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Amrit ceremony &#124; Rites and Rituals &#124; Sikhism |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/amrit.shtml |publisher=BBC Religion |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Regan |first=Michael |title=Understanding Sikhism |year=2019 |isbn=9781532114298 |pages=9}}</ref>

A [[Sikh]] who has been initiated into the Khalsa ('pure'; the Sikh brotherhood) is considered to be ''Amritdhari'' (baptised, {{Literal translation|amrit taker}}) or ''Khalsa'' ('pure'). Those who undergo initiation are expected to dedicate themselves to ''[[Waheguru]]'' (Almighty God) and work toward the establishment of the [[Raj Karega Khalsa|Khalsa Raj]].<ref name="Singh" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations |last=Woodhead |first=Linda |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=9780415858809 |location=New York |page=140}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikh Reht Maryada: The Code of Sikh Conduct & Conventions |last=Dharam Parchar Committee|publisher=Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee |year=1994 |location=Amritsar, IND|page=34}}</ref>

== Names ==
The Amrit Sanskar ceremony has many alternative names, such as ''Amrit Parchar'', ''Amrit Sanchar'', ''Khande di Pahul'', ''Khande Batte di Pahul'' ({{Langx|pa|ਖੰਡੇ ਬਾਟੇ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ|translit=Khaḍē bāṭē dī pāhula}}), or ''khande-baate da amrit''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

==History==

=== Khande-di-Pahul ===
[[File:1698 Hukamnama of Guru Gobind Singh with signature. The scribe is Bhai Saihna Singh. It orders all Sikhs to take Khande Ki Pahul and become Khalsa, avoid Minas, and recognize the Khalsa as the Guru's form.jpg|thumb|1698 ''[[hukamnama]]'' of Guru Gobind Singh with signature. The scribe is Bhai Saihna Singh. It orders all Sikhs to take Khande Ki Pahul and become [[Khalsa]], avoid [[Mina (Sikhism)|Minas]], and recognize the Khalsa as the Guru's form. This ''hukamnama'' alludes to the idea of the ceremony and Khalsa predating its formalization as part of Sikh orthodoxy and orthopraxy in Anandpur in 1699.]]
Amrit Sanchar was formally initiated in 1699 when [[Guru Gobind Singh|Gobind Singh]] established the order of the [[Khalsa]] at [[Anandpur Sahib]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University (Patiala) |year=1992 |isbn=9788173803499 |volume=3: M-R |pages=263–266}}</ref> The day is now celebrated as [[Vaisakhi]]. This tradition had come to replace the prior Sikh initiation ceremony,<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism: Over 1000 Entries |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi |pages=44 |quote=CHARAN AMRIT: Literally charan amrit is water in which the Guru's feet have been bathed. It was used as a part of the Sikh initiation ceremony called charan pahul during the days of the first nine Gurus and till the time Guru Gobind Singh changed it to khande-di-pahul. For more details see Baptism.}}</ref> in which the initiate would drink water that the [[Sikh gurus|Guru]] or a masand (designated official representing the Guru) had dipped his foot in.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moreman |first=Christopher M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTgkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT190 |title=The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying |date=2017-05-18 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-52887-6 |pages=190 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=John Stratton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAO0bIu5tvYC&pg=PA176 |title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |last2=Mann |first2=Gurinder Singh |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-0619-0 |pages=176 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Guru Gobind Singh preparing amrit.jpg|thumb|Sikh fresco from the original Akal Takht, Amritsar, of Guru Gobind Singh preparing Amrit, circa 19th century]]
Guru Gobind Singh addressed the congregation from the entryway of a tent pitched on a hill (now called [[Anandpur Sahib#Gurdwaras|Kesgarh Sahib]]). He drew his sword and asked for a volunteer who was willing to sacrifice his head. No one answered his first call, nor the second call, but on the third invitation, a man by the name of Daya Ram (later to be known as Daya Singh) came forward and offered his head to the Guru. Guru Gobind Singh took the volunteer inside the tent, and emerged shortly, with blood dripping from his sword. The Guru then demanded another head. One more volunteer came forward, and entered the tent with him. The Guru again emerged with blood on his sword. This happened three more times. Then the five volunteers came out of the tent unharmed. Everyone was very confused.

{{Blockquote|text=The Guru caused his five faithful Sikhs to stand up. He put pure water into an iron vessel and stirred it with a [[Khanda (sword)|khanda]] or two edged sword. He then repeated over it the sacred verses which he appointed for the ceremony, namely, the [[Japji]], the [[Jaap Sahib|Jaap]], [[Guru Amar Das]]'s [[Anand Sahib|Anand]], [[Chaupai (Sikhism)|Chopai Sahib]] and [[Dasam Granth#Tav-Prasad Savaiye|Twe Parsad Swaiyas]] or quatrains of his [[Dasam Granth|own composition]].|author=[[Max Arthur Macauliffe]]|title=''The Sikh Religion'', volume 5 (1909)|source=page 94<ref>[[Max Arthur Macauliffe|Macauliffe, Max Arthur]] (1909). ''The Sikh Religion'' 5. p. 94.</ref>}}

The ceremony involves stirring water in an iron bowl with a double-edged sword whilst reciting religious hymns, along with an admixture of sugar.<ref name=":1" />

These five men came to be known as the [[Panj Piare|''Panj Pyare'']] (the "beloved five"). The five men, who would be initiated into the [[Khalsa]] by receiving Amrit, included [[Bhai Daya Singh|Daya Singh]], [[Bhai Mukham Singh|Mukham Singh]], [[Bhai Sahib Singh|Sahib Singh]], [[Bhai Dharam Singh|Dharam Singh]], and [[Bhai Himmat Singh|Himmat Singh]]. From then onward, Sikh men were given the name ''[[Singh]]'' ("lion"), and the women ''[[Kaur]]'' ("princess").

The next five (out of a total of ten) to undergo the ''Pahul'' were Ram Singh, Desa Singh, Tehal Singh, Ishar Singh, and Fateh Singh.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist. |year=2007 |series=History of Sikh Gurus Retold |volume=2 |pages=790–791}}</ref> This group is termed as the ''Panj Mukte''.<ref name=":02" />

According to the ''Guru Kian Sakhian'', after the first ten baptisms (''Panj Piare'' and ''Panj Mukte''), around 20,000 men were ready to accept the baptism whilst a few rejected it.<ref name=":02" /> The list of men in-sequence who then underwent the ''Pahul'' were: [[Bhai Mani Singh|Mani Ram]], Diwan Bachittar Das, Ude Rai, Anik Das, Ajaib Das, Ajaib Chand, Chaupat Rai, Diwan Dharam Chand, [[Alam Singh Nachna|Alam Chand Nachna]], and Sahib Ram Koer.<ref name=":02" /> This group was then followed by Rai Chand Multani, Gurbakhsh Rai, Pandit Kirpa Ram Dutt of Mattan, Subeg Chand, Gurmukh Das, Sanmukh Das, Amrik Chand, Purohit Daya Ram, Ratna, Gani Das, Lal Chand Peshauria, Rup Chand, Sodhi Dip Chand, Nand Chand, Nanu Rai of Diwali, and Hazari, Bhandari and Darbari of [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]].<ref name=":02" /> As many as 80,000 men are said to have been baptized in a few days after Vaisakhi 1699.<ref name=":02" />

In 1903, it was reported that a commonly-understood, general practice was that initiates undergoing the ceremony must have reached the "age of reason", usually meaning they had reached the age of at least 10 years old.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Ramgarhia |first=Sundar Singh |title=Guide to the Darbar Sahib or Golden Temple of Amritsar |publisher=Mufid-i-'am Press |year=1903 |location=Lahore |pages=34–35}}</ref> Around 1,200 persons were being baptized into the Khalsa at the Akal Bunga on an annual basis at that time in the very early 20th century.<ref name=":6" />

=== Kirpan-di-Pahul ===
Kirpan-di-Pahul is a ceremony distinguishable from the Khande-di-Pahul in many ways. These include: the use of a [[kirpan]] sword to stir the amrit rather than a [[Khanda (sword)|khanda]] sword, the recitation of less prayers during the ceremony and the practice of only one initiated Sikh administering the Amrit as opposed to the traditional Panj Pyaare{{Citation needed|date=January 2026|reason=Citation needed for this section of the text: "the recitation of less prayers during the ceremony and the practice of only one initiated Sikh administering the Amrit as opposed to the traditional Panj Pyaare"}}.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nripinder |title=The Sikh Moral Tradition: Ethical Perceptions of the Sikhs in the Late Nineteenth/early Twentieth Century |publisher=Manohar |year=1990 |isbn=9788185425009 |pages=162}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title=Sikhs in the Deccan and North-East India |date=Jan 12, 2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781351201056 |chapter=Socio-cultural featurs of Dakhani Sikhs}}</ref> This form of the baptism ceremony was held for women.<ref name=":4" /> The practice is common in Dakhni Sikhs, with those being administered amrit through the kirpan being held to more lax standards when compared to those administered amrit through the khanda, which is known as ''khande-baate da amrit''.<ref name=":5" /> Those who receive baptism through the kirpan often do not observe the Khalsa rules as stringently, with some not wearing a kirpan at all times.<ref name=":5" /> According to Birinder Pal Singh, the Kirpan-di-Pahul ceremony likely evolved to co-opt women from Hindu backgrounds of various caste and communal origins into the Sikh fold in the Deccan region.<ref name=":5" /> In 1903, a guide to the Golden Temple stated that women undergoing the ceremony at the Akal Bunga did not have the elixir for their baptism stirred with a double-edged, iron sword (''khanda'') like the male initiates, but rather with a single-edged, miniature, iron sword called a ''[[kard]]''.<ref name=":6" />

However, there is a significant difference between the practices of "Kirpan-di-Pahul" and merely using a Kirpan during the full Amrit Sanskar. Although very rare, some [[Panj Pyare]] will conduct the full Khande-di-Pahul ceremony by using a Kirpan to stir the Amrit if they cannot access a Khanda. This is usually done in impromptu Amrit Ceremonies. Despite the use of a Kirpan, this is considered a full Khande-di-Pahul Amrit Sanskar (not Kirpan-di-Pahul) as all other elements of the ceremony remain the same - as such, candidates are told and expected to follow the full Rehat Maryada as they are new Amritdhari Sikhs. However, using a Kirpan to stir Khande-di-Pahul is exceptionally rare and usually only done in Amrit Sanchars which were planned at extremely short notice.{{Original research inline|date=January 2026}}

=== Choola ===
Choola is the practice of giving the children of Amritdhari Sikhs a handful of amrit, in-order to prepare them for undergoing the actual Amrit Sanchar initiation once they are older.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |title=Sikh Code of Conduct: A guide to the Sikh way of life and ceremonies |last2=Singh |first2=Sukha |last3=Singh |first3=Jaskeerth |date=25 December 2020 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=9781999605247 |edition=6th |pages=19}}</ref> It is also given during punishment of an Amritdhari Sikh who has committed a minor transgression against the ''[[rehat]]''.<ref name=":03" />

==Ceremony==
[[File:Illustration titled 'Baptising Sikhs on Admission to the Khalsa Brotherhood of Singhs'.jpg|thumb|Illustration titled 'Baptising Sikhs on Admission to the Khalsa Brotherhood of Singhs' from ''The Sikhs'' (1904) by [[John James Hood Gordon]]]]
Rules of the ceremony include

*Being conducted in any quiet and convenient place. In addition to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the presence of six Sikhs is necessary: one ''[[granthi]]'' ("narrator"), who reads from the holy text, and five others, representing the original five beloved disciples (''pyare''), to administer the ceremony.
*Taking a bath and washing of the hair prior to the ceremony is mandatory by those who are receiving the initiation and those who are administering.
*Any Sikh who is mentally and physically sound (male or female) may administer the rites of initiation if they have received the rites and continue to adhere to the Sikh ''rehni'' ("way of life") and wear the Sikh articles of faith (i.e. the [[The Five Ks|Five Ks]]).
*There is no minimum age requirement, though it is rare for younger children since the individual should be able to understand the implications of initiation.<ref name=BMJ>{{Cite journal|last1=Gatrad|first1=R.|last2=Jhutti-Johal|first2=J.|last3=Gill|first3=P. S.|last4=Sheikh|first4=A.|date=2005-06-01|title=Sikh birth customs|url=https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/6/560|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|language=en|volume=90|issue=6|pages=560–563|doi=10.1136/adc.2004.064378|issn=0003-9888|pmid=15908616|pmc=1720438 }}</ref>
*The person to become ''Amritdhari'' must wear the five holy symbols (the [[Five Ks]]):
*#''[[Kesh (Sikhism)|Kesh]]'' (unshorn hair)
*#''[[Kirpan]]'' ("sword", i.e. a small dagger worn on the person)
*#''[[Kacchera]]'' (prescribed boxer shorts)
*#''[[Kangha (Sikhism)|Kangha]]'' (comb tucked in the tied-up hair)
*#''[[Kara (Sikhism)|Karha]]'' (steel bracelet)
*He/she must not have on any jewellery, distinctive marks, or tokens associated with any other faith. He/she must not have his/her head bare or be wearing a cap. The head must be covered with a cloth. He/she must not be wearing any ornaments piercing through any part of the body. The persons to be Amritdhari must stand respectfully with hands folded facing the Guru Granth Sahib.
*Anyone seeking re-initiation after having resiled from their previous vows may be assigned a penance by the five administering initiation before being re-admitted.
*During the ceremony, one of the five ''pyare'' stands and explains the rules and obligations of the [[Khalsa|Khalsa Panth]].
*Those receiving initiation have to give their assent as to whether they are willing to abide by the rules and obligations.
*After their assent, one of the five ''pyare'' utters a prayer for the commencement of the preparation of the Amrit and a randomly selected passage (''[[hukam]]'', a "Command of God") is taken from Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

The person being initiated must chant ''"[[Waheguru]] ji ka Khalsa, Waheguru ji ki Fateh"'' (essentially meaning "Almighty Lord, the pure; Almighty Lord, the victorious").{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} The salutation is repeated and the holy water is sprinkled on their eyes and hair, five times. The remainder of the nectar is shared by all receiving the initiation, all drinking from the same bowl.<ref name=BMJ/> Sometimes portions of the ''[[Akal Ustat]]'' and ''[[33 Savaiye]]'' compositions of Guru Gobind Singh found within the ''[[Dasam Granth]]'' is used during the ceremony.<ref name=":12">{{cite book |author=Rinehart |first=Robin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qe6WnpbT2BkC&pg=PA106 |title=Debating the Dasam Granth |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-984247-6 |pages=26, 32}}</ref>

After this, all those taking part in the ceremony recite the [[Mool Mantra]] and they are inducted into the [[Khalsa]].

=== Aftermath ===
After successfully undergoing the ceremony, a new Amritdhari is expected to have the following traits:<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Dahiya |first=Amardeep S. |title=Founder of the Khalsa: The Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Hay House |year=2014 |isbn=9789381398616 |quote=Ever since Guru Nanak's time it had been a custom among Sikhs to partake of 'charan pahul', whenever they visited the guru: By drinking the water which had washed the feet of the guru, the Sikhs showed their humility which was the ultimate virtue that would take them through the portals of heaven.}}</ref>

* ''[[Dharma|dharam]] nash'', the rejection of any previous religious affiliations
* ''kirat nash'', the rejection of any previous occupational affiliations
* ''[[Clan|kul]] nash'', the rejection of any previous familial and caste affiliations
* ''[[Karma|karam]] nash'', the rejection of any previous superstitious or ritual beliefs

== See also ==

* [[Amrita]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smssikhism/institutions/amrit/ Amrit Ceremony]
*[https://allaboutsikhs.com All About Sikhs]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060215204408/http://www.sikh.net/Glossary.htm Glossary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090206103847/http://ggsacademy.com/shabadvichar/gurmattopics/amrit Eliminating Doubt's before/after Take Amrit (Katha in Punjabi)]

{{Sikhism}}
{{Religion topics}}
{{Rites of passage}}

[[Category:Sikh practices]]
[[Category:Dasam Granth]]

Suzuki Motor Gujarat

2026-01-18T17:55:53Z

Arpan1314:

{{Short description|Auto manufacturing plant in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Maruti Suzuki India Limited, Hansalpur Plant, Formerly known as Suzuki Motor Gujarat Pvt Ltd
| logo = Suzuki logo 2025.svg
| type = [[Subsidiary of Maruti Suzuki India Limited]]
| traded_as =
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| predecessor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|31 March 2014}}
| location = [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]], India
| area_served =
| key_people =
| products = {{ubl|[[Automobiles]]|[[Powertrains]]}}
| production = ≈750,000 (2022)
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity = 126.8 billion rupee
| owner = [[Maruti Suzuki]] (100%)
| num_employees = 10,000
| homepage =
}}
'''Suzuki Motor Gujarat Private Limited''' ('''SMG''') is an [[Automotive industry|automotive]] [[Factory|manufacturing plant]] owned by [[Maruti_Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki India Limited]], located in the Hansalpur Becharaji village of [[Mandal taluka, Ahmedabad district|Mandal Taluka]] in [[Ahmedabad District]].

The plant was opened on 1 February 2017 and has a total annual capacity of 1 million units.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2016-05-31 |title=Suzuki Motor Gujarat plant will be operational from 2017: Osamu Suzuki |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/VpWZD4bonKfAkcxxRR2GsJ/Suzuki-Motor-Gujarat-plant-will-be-operational-from-2017-Os.html |access-date=2020-06-02 |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web |author=India Today Web Desk |date=2017-01-31 |title=Production at Suzuki's Gujarat plant to begin from February 1 - Auto News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/cars/story/production-at-suzukis-gujarat-plant-to-begin-from-february-1-958120-2017-01-31 |access-date=2021-01-11 |website=India Today}}</ref>

== History ==
SMG was the first and only Suzuki automobile manufacturing plant in India owned directly by Suzuki as a [[Foreign direct investment|foreign company]] until 2025, as the other plants are owned by [[Maruti Suzuki]] (MSI).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chauhan|first=Chanchal Pal|date=2014-01-29|title=Maruti Suzuki gives up Gujarat plant to Suzuki subsidiary; says it will benefit financially|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/maruti-suzuki-gives-up-gujarat-plant-to-suzuki-subsidiary-says-it-will-benefit-financially/articleshow/29497204.cms|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref> The plant supplied vehicles to Maruti Suzuki in the domestic market and to overseas markets.

In 2023, Maruti Suzuki announced plans to purchase the Gujarat plant from SMC in exchange for newly issued shares of MSI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan's Suzuki to get bigger stake in India's Maruti after sale of plant |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/indias-maruti-suzuki-approves-issue-shares-parent-suzuki-motor-corp-2023-08-08/ |date=2023-08-08|website=Reuters}}</ref> The shareholders approved the proposal in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maruti gets nod from shareholders to fully acquire Suzuki Motor Gujarat |url=https://www.economictimes.com/industry/auto/maruti-gets-nod-from-shareholders-to-fully-acquire-suzuki-motor-gujarat/articleshow/105318110.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=2023-11-23}}</ref>

== Facility ==
[[File:Aerial view of Maruti Suzuki facility in Hansalpur, Gujarat.jpg|thumb|Storage facility of Suzuki Motor Gujarat in 2025]]
Suzuki Motor Gujarat currently consists of five plants, the Plant A, opened in February 2017, has a total annual capacity of 250,000 and is currently assembling the [[Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)|Baleno]]. The Plant B was operational in January 2019 has a total vehicle producing capacity of 250,000 and it is currently assembling the [[Suzuki Swift|Swift]]. Plant C started production in April 2021 with an annual capacity of 250,000 and is currently assembling the [[Suzuki Dzire|Dzire]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2021-04-03|title=Suzuki Motor Gujarat starts production at third plant in Ahmedabad facility|url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/suzuki-motor-gujarat-starts-production-at-third-plant-in-ahmedabad-facility-11617447402328.html|access-date=2021-04-09|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> The powertrain plant has an annual capacity of producing 500,000 engines and 500,000 powertrains.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=Suzuki’s Gujarat Plant C in India Starts Operation|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/17f758b2-69b0-4150-a713-0a4a4cab7a03.pdf|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-US}}</ref> The fifth plant for electric vehicles was inaugurated in August 2025.

== Milestone ==
[[File:Prime Minister of Bharat, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi and Toshihiro Suzuki flag off Suzuki's first global strategic Battery Electric Vehicle.jpg|thumb|Ceremony of first [[Suzuki e Vitara]] production in Suzuki Motor Gujarat]]
The plant crossed 1 million production mark on 21 October 2020, just 3 years and 9 months since it started production in February 2017. It is the fastest production site of Suzuki to reach the milestone.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2020-10-22|title=Suzuki Motor Gujarat achieves 1 million production mark|url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/suzuki-motor-gujarat-achieves-1-million-production-mark-11603348776574.html|access-date=2021-01-10|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> It crossed production mark of two million units on 20 August 2022. It has achieved this milestone in 5 years and 6 months after having started production in February 2017 and this is the fastest in any Suzuki production plant. The 2 millionth vehicles produced was a Baleno with South African specifications.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
The plant achieved production milestone of 3 million vehicles in December 2023. The milestone was achieved within a span of around 6 years and 11 months, making it the fastest to manufacture 3 million units across all Suzuki-run facilities. The plant surpassed 4 million vehicles by February 2025.

== Current production ==
* Plant A (February 2017 – present): [[Suzuki Baleno (subcompact)|Suzuki Baleno]] - 250,000 units/year
* Plant B (January 2019 – present): [[Suzuki Swift]] - 250,000 units/year
* Plant C (April 2021 – present): [[Suzuki Fronx]] - 250,000 units/year

* EV Plant (August 2025 - present): [[Suzuki eVitara]]
* Powertrain plant
** [[Suzuki K engine|K12]] petrol engine family - 500,000 units/year
** 5MT and AGS transmissions - 500,000 units/year<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=Suzuki’s Gujarat Plant C in India Starts Operation|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/17f758b2-69b0-4150-a713-0a4a4cab7a03.pdf|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Suzuki vehicles}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}

[[Category:Suzuki]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2014]]

Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-12T17:07:50Z

Arpan1314: Starting Initial Pg W/ Refs

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Khandwa
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Madhya Pradesh/Khandwa.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1952
| electors = 21,12,203 (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |title=Press Note |author= |date=25 May 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2024|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2024}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Gyaneswar Patil]]
| latest_election_year = 2024
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Bagli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagli]] [[Mandhata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandhata]] [[Khandwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]] [[Pandhana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandhana]] [[Nepanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nepanagar]] [[Burhanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Burhanpur]] [[Bhikangaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhikangaon]] [[Badwaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badwaha]]
}}

'''Khandwa''' Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. This [[Khandwa]] constituency came into existence in 1957. It covers the entire [[Burhanpur district]] and parts of [[Dewas district|Dewas]], [[Khandwa district|Khandwa]] and [[Khargone district|Khargone]] districts.

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
Presently, since the delimitation of the parliamentary and legislative assembly constituencies in 2008, Khandwa (खण्डवा) Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) segments:
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|174
|[[Bagli Assembly constituency|Bagli]] (ST)
|[[Dewas district|Dewas]]
|Murli Bhawara
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|175
|[[Mandhata Assembly constituency|Mandhata]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Khandwa district|Khandwa]]
|Narayan Patel
|-
|177
|[[Khandwa Assembly constituency|Khandwa]] (SC)
|Kanchan Mukesh Tanve
|-
|178
|[[Pandhana Assembly constituency|Pandhana]] (ST)
|Chhaya More
|-
|179
|[[Nepanagar Assembly constituency|Nepanagar]] (ST)
| rowspan="2" |[[Burhanpur district|Burhanpur]]
|Manju Rajendra Dadu
|-
|180
|[[Burhanpur Assembly constituency|Burhanpur]]
|Archna Didi
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|181
|[[Bhikangaon Assembly constituency|Bhikangaon]] (ST)
| rowspan="2" |[[Khargone district|Khargone]]
|Jhuma Solanki
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|182
|[[Badwaha Assembly constituency|Badwaha]]
|[[Sachin Birla]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Babulal Tiwari]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Mahesh Dutta Mishra (born 1916)|Mahesh Dutta Mishra]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangacharan Dixit]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|Parmanand Govindjiwala
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]]
|-
|1979^
|[[Kushabhau Thakre]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|Thakur Shivkumar Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|Kalicharan Sakargay
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Amritlal Tarwala]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|Thakur Mahendra Kumar Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav|Arun Yadav]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|2021^
|rowspan="2" |[[Gyaneswar Patil]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}
^ by-poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Khandwa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Khandwa Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/khandwa-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary Constituency 28 - KHANDWA |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS1228.htm |website=ECI}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Gyaneswar Patil]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=8,62,679
|percentage=57.04
|change={{up}}7.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Narendra Patel
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes=5,92,708
|percentage=39.19
|change={{down}}4.19
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 12,839
|percentage = 0.85
|change = {{down}}0.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate =Munnalal
|votes =11,818
|percentage = 0.78
|change ={{down}}0.25
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =2,69,971
|percentage =17.85
|change ={{up}}11.38
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =15,12,542
|percentage =71.61
|change ={{increase}}7.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 Bypoll ===
{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2021: Khandwa}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gyaneswar Patil]]
|votes = 6,32,455
|percentage = 49.85
|change = -7.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Raj Narayan Singh Purni
|votes = 5,50,315
|percentage = 43.38
|change = +4.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Tribal Party
|candidate = Darasingh Patel Khatawase
|votes = 17,564
|percentage = 1.38
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Dr. Haresingh Gurjar
|votes = 17,463
|percentage = 1.38
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 13,653
|percentage = 1.08
|change = -0.01
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 82,140
|percentage = 6.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =12,70,743
|percentage = 64.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 2019===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Khandwa]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nand Kumar Singh Chauhan|Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
|votes =8,38,909
|percentage =57.14
|change = +0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav|Arun Subash Chandra Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5,65,566
|percentage = 38.52
|change = +2.13
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 16,005
|percentage = 1.09
|change = -0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dayaram Korku
|votes = 14,888
|percentage = 1.01
|change = -0.08
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,73,343
|percentage = 18.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =14,68,156
|percentage = 76.90
|change = +5.42
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Khandwa]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
|votes = 7,17,357
|percentage = 57.04
|change = +14.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav|Arun Subash Chandra Yadav]]
|votes = 4,57,643
|percentage = 36.39
|change = -12.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 17,149
|percentage = 1.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Alok Agarwal]]
|votes = 16,799
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sanjay Laxman Solanki
|votes = 13,691
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Baba Abdul Hamid
|votes = 12,036
|percentage = 0.96
|change = -1.96
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,59,714
|percentage = 20.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,57,711
|percentage = 71.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Khandwa]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav]]
|votes =3,94,241
|percentage = 48.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
|votes = 3,45,160
|percentage = 42.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Baba Abdul Hameed
|votes = 23,716
|percentage = 2.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate =Haji Zakir Hussain Durrany Engineer
|votes = 23,716
|percentage = 2.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 49,801
|percentage = 6.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =8,13,396
|percentage =60.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 1977===
* Parmanand Thakurdas Govindjiwala (Janata) : 182,031<ref>{{cite web |title=1977 India General (6th Lok Sabha) Elections Results |url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1977-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>
* Gangacharan Dixit (INC) : 128,008

====Bye-poll 1979====
* [[Kushabhau Thakre]] (JNP) : 192,280
* S.N.Thakur (INC-I) : 153,794

===General Elections 1971===
* Gangacharan Dikshit (Indian National Congress) : 143,124 votes
* Virendra Kumar Anand (Bharatiya Jana Sangh) : 102,234

==See also==
* [[Khandwa district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Dewas district}}

{{coord|21.3|76.2|region:IN-MP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Khandwa district]]

Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy

2026-01-12T07:02:26Z

Arpan1314: added formatting further and updated info

{{Short description|2002 book}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox book
| isbn = 978-0143029014
| pub_date = 2002
| genre = Non-fiction
| editor = [[Siddharth Varadarajan]]
| publisher = Penguin
| image = File:Gujarat,_The_Making_of_a_Tragedy.jpeg
}}

'''''Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy''''' is a book about the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] edited by [[Siddharth Varadarajan]].

==Contents==
{{Expand section|date=January 2016}}
The book has the following sections: "Introduction", "The Violence", "The Aftermath", and "Essays and Analysis" together with two appendices. Besides two chapters penned by Varadarajan (one as co-author), titled 'The Truth Hurts—Gujarat and the Role of the Media', and 'I salute you Geetaben', the book collects contributions from several journalists, activists, and scholars including [[Ramachandra Guha]], [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], [[Barkha Dutt]], [[Teesta Setalvad]], [[A. G. Noorani|A.G. Noorani]], [[Vrinda Grover]], Shail Mayaram, [[Mahasweta Devi]], [[Vibhuti Narain Rai]], [[G. N. Devy|G.N. Devy]], Jyoti Punwani, Nandini Sundar, Mohandas Namishray, and others.

==Reviews==
===''India Today''===
In a review of the book published in ''India Today'' magazine, [[Karan Thapar]] writes:{{Blockquote|Siddharth Varadarajan's book is the clever man's guide through the maze of facts, theories and arguments that surround what happened in Gujarat in February and March 2002. He and his fellow writers do not answer all your questions but they take you closer to answering them for yourselves. However, their efforts serve another purpose as well. They provide a chronicle and an independent archive of facts. Should you forget or become confused, should your memory falter or be questioned, this book puts together all that we know, all that we have surmised and all that we have assumed about the carnage in Gujarat.<ref name="Thapar">{{cite web|title=Truth Hunt|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/20021216-book-review-siddharth-varadarajan-gujarat-the-making-of-a-tragedy-793866-2002-12-15|work = India Today|date= 16 December 2002|access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref>}}
Thapar has claimed that just as there is no direct evidence for Hitler's personal complicity in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], and his complicity has to be inferred, so also [[Narendra Modi]]'s complicity in the 2002 Gujarat riots will have to be inferred after constructing and reconstructing the available evidence.<ref name="Thapar"/>

===''Times of India''===
In an op-ed in the ''Times of India'', Vrinda Nabar writes that reading this book is a 'numbing' experience. Nabar writes that reading this book makes it obvious that the effort required from the State of Gujarat towards rehabilitation of victims and relief work was found wanting and that ghettoization increased significantly since the riots. Nabar states that this incident was a turning point for pluralism in India.<ref name="Nabar">{{cite web|title=Best reads|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/Best-reads/articleshow/30589178.cms|work = Times of India|date= 7 December 2002|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref>

===''The Hindu''===
In an op-ed in ''The Hindu'', Sohail Hashmi writes that the contents of this book point to a collusion between the police and the administration with respect to either direct or indirect complicity in the riots. Hashmi compares the book to a knife piercing through middle class decency to expose prejudice and fanaticism. Hashmi writes that just as [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] would place the [[Star of David]] before every Jewish house to avoid "mistakes", so the RSS, VHP, Bajrang Dal and their affiliated groups would place posters of [[Hanuman]] outside a Hindu house during the 2002 Gujarat violence. Hashmi quotes [[M. S. Golwalkar]]'s endorsement of 1939 Germany and writes "The Khaki shorts have learnt their lesson well. This book is not for them: it may help others to prevent another Gujarat."<ref name="Hashmi">{{cite web|title=Nothing but dismay|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/02/16/stories/2003021600060300.htm|date= 16 February 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=6 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

===''The Telegraph''===
In an op-ed in ''The Telegraph'', Sreyashi Dastidar writes that this book presents a chronology of the attacks on minorities that had been taking place since the 90s which finally culminated in the 'state-sponsored pogrom'. She writes that numerous investigating teams indicted the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ruling the state and the center, and the media—excepting the Gujarati media—supported the indictment. But the December 2002 electoral victory of Narendra Modi in the Gujarat elections nullified the arraignment. Dastidar goes on to write that although the book wants to make a distinction between "Hindus" and those who participated in the violence, in her opinion most Hindus in Gujarat became complicit in the violence by voting Modi back to power, and that only those Hindus who did not vote for Modi can escape this culpability.

Dastidar is critical of the Congress party for not strongly raising the issue of the death of 76-year-old [[Ehsan Jafri]], a former Congress MP, who had been sheltering more than 60 people in his house when he was butchered during the riots. Dastidar also criticizes the Muslim ministers in the BJP who became complicit in the violence through their silence; none of them resigned. [[Syed Shahnawaz Hussain|Shahnawaz Hussain]] wanted to be sent to Gujarat for relief work, but did not protest when his demand was rejected.

Dastidar goes on to admire the 'clockwork precision' with which the whole operation was executed—from the burning of the train to the swearing-in ceremony at Modi's second term as Chief Minister. The same 'precision', writes Dastidar, was responsible for the multiple 'sporadic' incidents of violence ten months after Godhra. Dastidar writes that the burning of the S-6 coach was pre-planned as per independent probes and forensic reports, and the theory of a 'spontaneous' attack on one compartment of the train is 'absurd' considering that no one jumped out of it to save themselves. Dastidar goes on to write that what emerges from reading this book is:{{Blockquote|a set of paradoxes. For instance, Muslims are accused of not joining the mainstream. But wherever they have tried to do so in Gujarat, they have been beaten back into their ghettos. Again, the [[Sangh Parivar]]’s fears that Muslims may outnumber Hindus one day (because of the high birth-rate myth) played a vital role in the killings. But in raping Muslim women, the Hindu mob risked adding to these threatening numbers.<ref name="Dastidar">{{cite web|title=FELL DESIGN Gujarat and the limits of the possible|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030124/asp/opinion/story_1603179.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030225230838/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030124/asp/opinion/story_1603179.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2003|work = The Telegraph|date= 24 January 2003|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref>}}
Dastidar also writes that, according to a senior IPS officer, no riot can go on for more than 24 hours unless the state is complicit in it. In Gujarat, writes Dastidar, the state became a cheerleader for the riots while the opposition was not heard because its protest was muted. Although the complicity of the state in the violence is often pointed out, writes Dastidar, the role played by the opposition is not analyzed sufficiently.<ref name = "Dastidar"/>

==Books==
Varadarajan, Siddharth (ed)(2002). ''Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy''. Penguin. {{ISBN|978-0143029014}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2002 Gujarat riots}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Works about the 2002 Gujarat riots]]
[[Category:Books about politics of India]]
[[Category:2002 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian books]]

Om P. Bahl

2026-01-01T05:21:17Z

Arpan1314: brief cleanup details to improve readability and updated info

{{Short description|Indian-American molecular biologist and academic (1927–2004)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Om P. Bahl
| birth_date = 1927
| birth_place = [[Lyalpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = December {{Death year and age|2004|1927}}
| death_place = United States
| occupation = Molecular biologist, academic
| yearsactive = 1962–2004
| known for = Study of [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]]
| spouse = Nirmal Bahl
| children = Three children
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] Schoellkopf Medal Life Science Award
}}

'''Om Praksh Bahl''' (1927 – December 2004) was an Indian-American molecular biologist, academic and a Distinguished Professor of the [[State University of New York]].<ref name="The Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship in Biological Sciences">{{cite web | url=http://biology.buffalo.edu/give/the-om-p-and-nirmal-bahl-professorship-in-biological-sciences/ | title=The Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship in Biological Sciences | publisher=University at Buffalo | date=2016 | access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> He was known for his studies on [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]], popularly known as the pregnancy hormone.<ref name="Research Summary">{{cite web | url=http://wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/fnsm/bio-sci/faculty/bahl.html | title=Research Summary | publisher=University at Buffalo | date=2016 | access-date=July 18, 2016 | archive-date=July 10, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710094828/http://wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/fnsm/bio-sci/faculty/bahl.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> He was associated with the [[World Health Organization]] as an adviser to their Population Council and was a member of the ''Population Research Committee'' of the [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name="Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship">{{cite web | url=http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2005/10/7548.html | title=Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship | publisher=State University of New York | date=3 October 2005 | access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1973, for his contributions to science and engineering.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=January 3, 2016 | archive-date=October 15, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
O. P. Bahl was born in 1927 in [[Lyalpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] and did his college studies at [[Lahore Government College]] and, later, at [[Punjab University, Lahore|Punjab University]].<ref name="Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship" /> He was involved in the [[Indian independence movement]] and was the president of the ''All-India Students Association'', a large student organization based in India. Moving to US, he secured his PhD from [[University of Minnesota]] in 1962 during which period, he worked as a research associate at [[General Mills]]; his tenure at the Mills was reported to have earned him a patent for an innovation on grocery bags. His next move was to [[University of California, Los Angeles]] where he did post-doctoral research in biochemistry and molecular biology for one year and continued his research at [[University of Southern California]] from 1964 onward.<ref name="Research Summary" /> The next year, he joined the university faculty as an assistant professor and worked for one year before joining the [[University at Buffalo]] as assistant professor. He became a professor in 1971 and served as the chair at the Department of Biological Sciences during 1976–83.<ref name="Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship" />

One of the main contributions of Bahl was on [[human chorionic gonadotrophin]] (HCG), commonly known as pregnancy hormone, and his work was reported to have assisted in the development of home pregnancy tests.<ref name="The Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship in Biological Sciences" /> His researches have been brought out by way of one book, ''Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction: Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction'',<ref name="DhindsaBahl2012">{{cite book|author1=Dharam S. Dhindsa|author2=Om P. Bahl|title=Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKfhBwAAQBAJ|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-5209-9}}</ref> several text books and articles.<ref name="Li2014">{{cite book|author=Choh Hao Li|title=Hormonal Proteins and Peptides|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UOaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|date=12 May 2014|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4832-5796-9|pages=186–}}</ref> He sat in the ''Population Council'' of the [[World Health Organization]] and in the Population Research Council of the [[National Institutes of Health]] as a member.<ref name="The Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship in Biological Sciences" /> In India, he was involved with promoting transfer of technology as a member of the Committee set up by [[Rajiv Gandhi]], the then Prime Minister of India.<ref name="Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship" /> He was a Dernham Fellow of the [[American Cancer Society]] and was a recipient of their Schoellkopf Medal (1978). He also received the Life Science Award of the Asian Indian Organizations in North America. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhusan]] in 1973.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

Bahl was married to Nirmal and the couple had three children. He died in December 2004, at the age of 87, survived by his wife and children.<ref name="Fundraising Effort to Create Bahl Professorship" /> The [[University at Buffalo]] has since instituted a {{USD}}1 million endowment, ''Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship'', in the name of Bahl couple, by raising the money through public charity.<ref name="Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship">{{cite web | url=https://ubfoundation.buffalo.edu/giving/index.php?gift_allocation=0301550612# | title=Om P. and Nirmal Bahl Professorship | publisher=UB Foundation | date=2016 | access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.jbc.org/content/243/1/98.short | title=Glycosidases of Phaseolus Vulgaris |author1=K. M. L Agrawal |author2=Om P. Bahl | journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry | year=1968 | volume=243 | issue=1 | pages=103–111| doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)99330-0 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | pmid=5474793 | title=Dissociation and recombination of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin |vauthors=Swaminathan N, Bahl OP | journal=Biochem Biophys Res Commun | date=July 1970 | volume=40 | issue=2 | pages=422–427 | doi=10.1016/0006-291x(70)91026-0}}
* {{cite book |author1=Om P. Bahl |author2=Leopold März |author3=William R. Moyle |title=Hormone Binding and Target Cell Activation in the Testis |chapter=The Role of Carbohydrate in the Biological Function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | journal=Current Topics in Molecular Endocrinology | year=1974 |volume=1 | pages=125–144 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-2595-6_7|pmid=4377982 |isbn = 978-1-4684-2597-0}}
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.jbc.org/content/254/16/7901.full.pdf | title=Structures of IV-Glycosidic Carbohydrate Units of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |author1=Michael J. Kessler |author2=Molakala S. Reddy |author3=Ramesh H. Shah |author4=Om P. Bahl | journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry | year=1979 | volume=254 | issue=16 | pages=7901–7908| doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)36031-9 | pmid=468797 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book | author=Om P. Bahl, Premanand V. Wagh | title=Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction | chapter=Characterization of Glycoproteins: Carbohydrate Structures of Glycoprotein Hormones |volume = 205| year=1986 | pages=1–151 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-5209-9_1|series = Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology| pmid=3538813 |isbn = 978-1-4684-5211-2}}
* {{cite book|author1=Dharam S. Dhindsa|author2=Om P. Bahl|title=Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKfhBwAAQBAJ|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-5209-9}}

== See also ==
* [[HCG pregnancy strip test]]
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahl, Om P.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Government College University, Lahore alumni]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles fellows]]
[[Category:University of Southern California faculty]]
[[Category:University at Buffalo faculty]]
[[Category:People from Faisalabad]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:World Health Organization officials]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scholars from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:American molecular biologists]]
[[Category:American technology writers]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American biologists]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Miriya, Balaghat

2025-12-30T03:03:38Z

Arpan1314: new.

{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Miriya
| official_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_flag =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Block
| subdivision_type4 = Vehicle Registration No.
| subdivision_type5 = Language
| subdivision_type6 = Wikipedians
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Lanji]]
| subdivision_name4 = NO RTO SERVICE
| subdivision_name5 = Hindi, Marathi, Rural
| subdivision_name6 = Vikalp Ganvir
| established_title = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 2179 in which (1070 male & 1109 female)
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 481224
| demographics1_info 1 =
| Government type =
| Block =
| image_map =
}}

'''Miriya''' is a village in [[Lanji]] in [[Balaghat district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is located {{convert|15|km}} from sub district headquarter and {{convert|75|km}} from district headquarter.

== Demography ==
{{as of|2011}}, The village has a total number of 554 houses and the population of 2,179 of which include 1070 are males while 1109 are females according to the report [[published]] by [[Census India]] in 2011. The literacy rate of the village is 76.57%, lower than the state average of 85.43%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 280 which is 12.85% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 1154 lower than the state average of 918.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=559266|title=Miriya census report|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>

== Schools ==

*Govt. Primary school miriya
* Govt. Middle school miriya

== Nearby villages ==

* Bothali
* Ghansa
* Singola
* Karanja
* Tekepar
*[[Kulpa, Balaghat district|Kulpa]]

== Communication providers ==
[[Idea Cellular|Idea]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[BSNL Mobile|BSNL]], [[Jio]], are cellular communication provider in Miriya.

== Railway service ==

* [[Amgaon]] (15 km)
*[[Salekasa]] (30 km)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Balaghat district]]

Parmar

2025-12-08T13:02:40Z

Arpan1314: added info

{{wiktionary|Parmar|sa:परमार|hi:परमार}}
'''Parmar''' may refer to:

*[[Parmar (clan)]], in India
*[[Parmar (surname)]], an Indian surname

==See also==
*[[Paramara (disambiguation)]]
*[[Panwar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Parihar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Pawar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Paramara dynasty]], during the medieval Indian period in Malwa in central India

{{disambiguation}}

Chippagiri

2025-11-22T03:31:42Z

Arpan1314: enhanced details per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{multiple issues|{{one source|date=October 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2020}}}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chippagiri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.2333|N|77.3167|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4805
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(2vtbefnuc4ung3rmeo245x55))/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=635999|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Chippagiri''' is a [[mandal]] located in the [[Kurnool district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Layout page |url=https://areaprofiler.gov.in/aboutUsIntgeratedPES.do?stateCode=0&lbCode=5493&languageId=1 |website=areaprofiler.gov.in}}</ref> Chippagiri is one of the smallest villages in the [[Rayalaseema]] region. It is about {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} from Kasapuram, which is {{Convert|5|km|mi|0}} from [[Guntakal]].

==History==
The Chippagiri village was previously named Bhaskara Shrine because a [[Sage (philosophy)|sage]] named Bhaskara Muni was known to have carried out prayers on the hill. It is believed that the shrine was moved to Hampi due to severe water problems and the shrine was renamed from Shilpagiri to Chippagiri (also known as Andhra Hampi). The temples of [[Virupakshiswarar Temple, Mylapore|Virupaksheswara]] and Chennekeswara were first built in Chippagiri.

Bhogeswara, the Hindu temple, was visited by [[Vijayanagara Empire]] emperor [[Krishnadevaraya]]. The legend says that while he stayed overnight in the village, [[Anjaneya]] came into his dreams and said to build temples in the area.

[[Vijaya Dasa]] (1682–1755) lived in Chippagiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sumadhwaseva.com/dasaru/vijaya-dasaru/|title=Vijaya Dasaru|year=2016|website=Sumadhwa Seva}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.vijayadasaru.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919003811/http://www.vijayadasaru.in/ |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=14 June 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kurnool district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kurnool district]]

Addatimes

2025-11-15T06:26:26Z

Arpan1314: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Surinder Films]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil

2025-11-03T06:48:45Z

Arpan1314:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1978<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1978-election-results.html |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil 1978 Karnataka Assembly Election Results: Humnabad|website=Elections.in |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>
| term_end = 1989<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1989-election-results.html |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil 1989 Karnataka Assembly Election Results: Humnabad |website=Elections.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701123456/https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1989-election-results.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>
|constituency = [[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]]
|predecessor = V. N. Patil Neelappa
|successor = [[Merajuddin Patel]]
| birth_date = 1942
| birth_place = [[Humnabad]], Mysore State, British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|08|10|1942|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Humnabad]], Karnataka, India
| father = Havgiappa Patil<ref name="KLA">{{cite web |title=ಬಸವರಾಜ ಹಾವಗಿಯಪ್ಪ ಪಾಟೀಲ್ (Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil) |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/BasavarajHavigiappaPatil.htm |website=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |publisher=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=2025-01-17 |language=kn}}</ref>
}}

'''Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil''' (1942 – 10 August 2016)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uniindia.com/ex-minister-lasavaraj-patil-passes-away/other/news/586052.html |title=Ex-Minister Basavaraj Patil Passes Away |agency=United News of India (UNI) |date= |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Former-minister-Basavaraj-Patil-Humnabad-dead/article14562182.ece |title=Former minister Basavaraj Patil (Humnabad) dead |newspaper=The Hindu |date= |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> commonly Known as, '''Basavaraj Patil''', was an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]] who served as a minister in the Karnataka government and served multiple terms as a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] and [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]].

== Early life and education ==
Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil was born in 1942 in [[Humnabad]], [[Bidar district]], Karnataka.<ref name="KLA">{{cite web |title=ಬಸವರಾಜ ಹಾವಗಿಯಪ್ಪ ಪಾಟೀಲ್ (Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil) |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/BasavarajHavigiappaPatil.htm |website=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |publisher=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=2025-01-17 |language=kn}}</ref> He was the son of Havgiappa Patil. He completed his education up to the Intermediate level.<ref name="KLA" />

== Personal life ==
Patil was married to Umadevi and had seven children - four sons and three daughters.<ref name="KLA" /> His son Rajshekhar Patil served as a Congress MLA from Humnabad constituency.<ref name="Daiji2009" />

== Career ==
Patil was engaged in agriculture and business throughout his professional life.<ref name="KLA" /> His interests included reading and gardening.<ref name="KLA" />

== Political career ==
Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil had a long and distinguished political career spanning several decades. He served as a minister in the Karnataka government<ref name="VK2016">{{cite news |title=Former minister Basavaraj Patil death |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/bidar/former-minister-basavaraj-patil-death/articleshow/53636376.cms |newspaper=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref> and was originally associated with the [[Janata Party]] before joining the [[Indian National Congress]] and later the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in 2009.<ref name="TOI2009">{{cite news |title=Miffed, Humnabad quits, set to join BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/miffed-humnabad-quits-set-to-join-bjp/articleshow/5286056.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2009 |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref name="Daiji2009">{{cite news |title=Bangalore: Council Election - Operation Kamala in Bidar |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=69026 |publisher=Daijiworld Media Network |date=1 December 2009 |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>

In December 2009, Patil switched from Congress to BJP after being denied a ticket by the Congress party for the legislative council election. He was a sitting MLC at the time and had hoped to be renominated by Congress.<ref name="Daiji2009" />

=== Karnataka Legislative Assembly ===
* Member of the 7th Karnataka Legislative Assembly from [[Humnabad (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Humnabad constituency]]<ref name="KLA" />
* Elected from Humnabad in 1978 on a [[Janata Party]] (JNP) ticket with 16,167 votes<ref name="Latestly1978">{{cite web |title=Baswaraj Havgiappa Patil, Humnabad Assembly Election 1978 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/1978/humnabad/baswaraj-hawgappa/ |website=Latestly |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref name="ECI1978">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3776-statistical-report-on-general-election-1978-to-the-legislative-assembly-of-karnataka/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1978/karnataka/humnabad/43/3414/22 |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil, Humnabad 1978 Karnataka Assembly Election - Humnabad Constituency |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>
* Member of the 8th Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Humnabad constituency<ref name="KLA" />
* Elected from Humnabad in 1983 on an [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ticket with 26,528 votes<ref name="Latestly1983">{{cite web |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil, Humnabad Assembly Election 1983 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/1983/humnabad/basawraj-hawgeppa-patil/ |website=Latestly |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref name="ECI1983">{{cite web |title=1983 कर्नाटक विधानसभा निर्वाचन का सांख्यिकीय डेटा (Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka) |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3777-statistical-report-on-general-election-1983-to-the-legislative-assembly-of-karnataka/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=hi, en |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1983/karnataka/humnabad/43/7045/47 |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil 1983 Karnataka Assembly Election - Humnabad Constituency |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>
* Member of the 9th Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Humnabad constituency<ref name="KLA" />
* Re-elected from Humnabad in 1985 on an INC ticket, defeating Dayanandrao Chandrabhanu of JNP<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/1985/humnabad/basawraj-hawgeppa-patil/ |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil, Humnabad 1985 Humnabad Assembly Election |publisher=LatestLY |date= |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="ECI1985">{{cite web |title=1985 कर्नाटक विधानसभा निर्वाचन का सांख्यिकीय डेटा (Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka) |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3778-statistical-report-on-general-election-1985-to-the-legislative-assembly-of-karnataka/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=hi, en |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1985/karnataka/humnabad/43/9511/65 |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil 1985 Karnataka Assembly Election - Humnabad Constituency |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>
* Re-elected from Humnabad in 1989 on an INC ticket with 29,610 votes<ref name="Latestly1989">{{cite web |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil, Humnabad Assembly Election 1989 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/1989/humnabad/basawraj-hawgeppa-patil/ |website=Latestly |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref name="ECI1989">{{cite web |title=1989 कर्नाटक विधानसभा निर्वाचन का सांख्यिकीय डेटा (Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka) |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3779-statistical-report-on-general-election-1989-to-the-legislative-assembly-of-karnataka/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=hi, en |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1989/karnataka/humnabad/43/12548/83 |title=Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil 1989 Karnataka Assembly Election - Humnabad Constituency |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>

=== Karnataka Legislative Council ===
* Member of Karnataka Legislative Council (1998–2004)<ref name="KLA" />
* Member of Karnataka Legislative Council (2004–2009)<ref name="KLA" /><ref name="TNIE2009">{{cite news |title=BJP to try Operation Lotus in Bidar district |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2009/Nov/30/bjp-to-try-operation-lotus-in-bidar-district-108664.html |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=30 November 2009 |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
* Member of Karnataka Legislative Council (6 January 2010 - 5 January 2016)<ref name="KLA" /><ref name="DH">{{cite news |title=Congress gets 17, JD(S) settles for 12 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/cong-gets-17-jds-settles-2575046 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>

== Death ==
Basavaraj Havgiappa Patil died on 10 August 2016.<ref name="KLA" /><ref name="VK2016" />
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/BasavarajHavigiappaPatil.htm Official Profile at Karnataka Legislative Assembly website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Basavaraj Havgiappa}}
[[Category:People from Bidar district]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian farmers]]

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer

2025-11-02T04:51:37Z

Arpan1314: stub

{{Short description|Indian film award}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] for Best Female Playback Singer
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| awarded_for = Best Female Playback Singer
| presenter = ''[[Government of Maharashtra]]''
| country = India
| year = [[Asha Bhosle]], ''Manini'' (1962)
| holder = Rucha Bondre ''[[Shyamchi Aai (2023 film)|Shyamchi Aai]]'' (2024)
| website =
}}
The '''Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Playback Singer Female''' is an honour established in 1962, and presented at the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] for best female playback singer in Marathi cinema.

The first recipient was [[Asha Bhosle]], who was honoured at the 1st Maharashtra State Film Awards in 1962 for her rendition from the movie ''[[Manini (1961 film)|Manini]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asha Bhonsle » Awards |url=https://asha-bhonsle.com/awards |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2024, The female playback singer who won the most awards is [[Asha Bhosle]] with eighteen wins, followed by [[Anuradha Paudwal]] with six wins.<ref name=":4" /> [[Devaki Pandit]] with four wins and [[Sadhana Sargam]] with three wins.<ref name=":2" /> [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Maharashtra Bhushan award for Lata Mangeshkar |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/oct/16maha.htm |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> [[Suman Kalyanpur]], Uttara Kelkar, Pushpa Pagdhare, and Jayshree Shivram have won it twice.<ref name=":0" />

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:blue;"
! Year
!Photos
of Winners
! Recipient
! Song
! Film
! Ref
|-
| 1962
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]|| "Are Khopya Madhi Khopa"||''[[Manini (1961 film)|Manini]]''||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=11530055570410931518&hl=en&as_sdt=0,39 |url-status=}}</ref>
|-
| 1963
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Tumchani Maza Ek Kadha Photo "||''Rangalya Ratri Asha'' ||
|-
| 1964
|[[File:Suman Kalyanpur in 2023.jpg|border|center|137x137px]]||[[Suman Kalyanpur]] ||"Shabd Shabd Julavuni"||''Sukhachi Savli''||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrities: Bollywood, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada And Malayalam Actress & Actor List With Photos - FilmiBeat |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/ |access-date= |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1965
|[[File:Suman Kalyanpur in 2023.jpg|border|center|138x138px]]||[[Suman Kalyanpur]]|| "Wadacha Kathi"||''Vavtal''||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1966
|[[File:Sulochana Chavan.jpg|border|center|186x186px]]||[[Sulochana Chavan]]||"Tujhya Usala Lagal Kolha" ||''Malhari Martand''||<ref>{{Cite web |title=सवाल माझा ऐका |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/sawal-majha-aika/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:LataMangeshkar10.jpg|border|center|146x146px]]||[[Lata Mangeshkar]]||"[[Airaneechya Deva Tula]]"||''[[Sadhi Mansa (film)|Sadhi Mansa]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Maharashtra Bhushan award for Lata Mangeshkar |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/oct/16maha.htm |access-date= |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| 1967
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|181x181px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Nako Re Bolus Majhyashi"||''Santh Wahate Krushnamai'' ||<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=सुधीर वासुदेव नांदगावकर |first=चैतन्य कुंटे |url=http://archive.org/details/20190823_20190823_0935 |title=शिल्पकार चरित्रकोश खंड ७ – चित्रपट, संगीत |date=2014}}</ref>
|-
| 1968
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|181x181px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Mala He Datta Guru Disle"||''[[Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Down The memory lane with Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava Zee Talkies latest press release online at ZeeTalkies.com |url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/press-releases/down-the-memory-lane-with-aamhi-jato-amuchya-gava.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090340/http://www.zeetalkies.com/press-releases/down-the-memory-lane-with-aamhi-jato-amuchya-gava.html |archive-date=2021-07-13 }}</ref>
|-
| 1969
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Tujhi Priti Aaj Kashi"||''Apradh''||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1970
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|181x181px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Dhundi Kalyanna"||''Dhakti Bahin'' ||<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1971
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|181x181px]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|"Malmali Tarunya Maze"
|''Gharkul''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1972-73
| [[File:Usha Mangeshkar 2007 - still 19426 crop.jpg|border|center|126x126px]]||[[Usha Mangeshkar]]||"Kal Ratila Sapan Padla"||''[[Ekta Jeev Sadashiv]]'' ||
|-
| 1974
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|157x157px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Kambar Lachakali"||''Sugandhi Katta'' ||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1975
|{{Dash}}
|Pushpa Pagdhare ||"Bai Hya Pavhnyala"||''[[Jyotibacha Navas]]'' ||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1976
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Kajal Ratina Odhun Nela"||''[[Ha Khel Sawalyancha]]'' ||
|-
| 1977
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Sadhi Bholi Meera" ||''[[Bala Gau Kashi Angai]]'' ||
|-
| 1978
|[[File:LataMangeshkar10.jpg|border|center|147x147px]]||[[Lata Mangeshkar]] ||"Me Raat Takali" ||''[[Jait Re Jait]]'' ||
|-
| 1979
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Uttara Kelkar ||"Ekach Hota Shyam Savala" ||''Haldi Kunku''||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1980
|{{Dash}}
|Pushpa Pagdhare ||"Rusala Ka Ho Manmohana"||''Aayatya Bilawar Nagoba''||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1981
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|129x129px]]||[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||"Raja Lalkari Ashi De"||''Are Sansar Sansar''||<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Mujawar |first=Isak |title=Gatha Marathi Cinemachi |publisher=Pratik Prakashan |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Mumbai |pages=798-801 |language=Marathi}}</ref>
|-
| 1982
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|128x128px]]||[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||"Vishawalli Asuni Bhavti"||''[[Ek Daav Bhutacha]]''||<ref name=":4" />
|-
| 1983
|{{Dash}}
|Uttara Kelkar ||"Mansa Daiv Kuna Kalale"||''Sansar Pakhrancha'' ||
|-
| 1984
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Mage Ubha Mangesh, Pudhe Ubha Mangesh"||''Mahananda'' ||
|-
| 1985
|[[File:Devaki Pandit.jpg|border|center|165x165px]]||[[Devaki Pandit]]||"Chunari Nako Odhu"||''Ardhangi''||<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sound of India, The Best Reference Site for Indian Classical Music |url=http://www.soundofindia.com/showarticle.asp?in_article_id=1985356676 |access-date= |website=www.soundofindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| 1986
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Ekach Hya Janmi Janu"||''Pudhcha Paool''||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1987
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|106x106px]]
|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||"Mi Aale Nighale" ||''[[Gammat Jammat]]'' ||
|-
|1988
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|166x166px]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|"Saavaj Gavana"
|''[[Bandiwan Mi Ya Sansari]]''
|
|-
| 1989
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Manat Tujhe Manogat"||''[[Kalat Nakalat]]'' ||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1990
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|128x128px]]||[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||"Ratra Aahe Reshmachi"||''[[Aamchyasarkhe Aamhich]]''||
|-
| 1991
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||"Ek Zoka" ||''[[Chaukat Raja]]''||
|-
| 1992
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|168x168px]]||[[Asha Bhosle]]||
* "Na Kalata Ase Unn"
* "Mee Geet Gatana Tula"
|
* ''Aapli Mansa''
* ''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 1993
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|128x128px]]||[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||"Chal Yena Mithit Ghena" ||''Aikava Te Navalach'' ||<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-07 |title=Sadhna Sargam |url=http://www.tfmpage.com/forum/28897.15.49.40.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007055419/http://www.tfmpage.com/forum/28897.15.49.40.html |archive-date=2018-10-07 }}</ref>
|-
| 1994
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Jayshree Shivram ||"Jaai Juicha Gandha Matila" ||''[[Mukta (film)|Mukta]]''||
|-
| 1995
|[[File:Anjalisinging.jpg|border|center|165x165px]]||[[Anjali Marathe]]||"Bhui Bhegalali Khol" ||''[[Doghi]]''||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doghi@NFDC |url=https://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-02.htm |access-date= |website=www.nfdcindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| 1996
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Jayshree Shivram ||"Raosaheb"||''Raosaheb'' ||
|-
|1997
|[[File:Anuradha Paudwal 57th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011.jpg|border|center|128x128px]]
|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|"Moharle Mi Sajna"
|''[[Paij Lagnachi]]''
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|1998
|{{Dash}}
|Jayshree Shivram
|"Saad Kokil Ghalto"
|''[[Tu Tithe Mee]]''
|
|-
|1999
|[[File:Kavitha Krishnamurty DSC 0510.JPG|border|center|161x161px]]||[[Kavita Krishnamurti]]|| "Jhep Ghetali Akashi"||''Sawai Hawaldar'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-07 |title=Bindhaast sweeps state Marathi film awards |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/ie/daily/20000502/ien02018.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307143111/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/ie/daily/20000502/ien02018.html |archive-date=2014-03-07 }}</ref>
|-
|2000
|[[File:Asha Bhosle - still 47160 crop.jpg|border|center|181x181px]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|"Majhya Sonulya"
|''Raju''
|-
|2001
|[[File:Devaki Pandit.jpg|border|center|165x165px]]||[[Devaki Pandit]]|| "Devki Gaate Angaai"|| ''[[Devki]]''||<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2002
|{{Dash}}
|Yogita Godbole
|"Ek Kajvyachi Bheek"
|''Krishnakathchi Tara''
|
|-
|2003
|[[File:Sadhana Sargam.jpg|border|center|141x141px]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|"Daiva Chakra Phirle"
|''Suryoday''
|
|-
|2004
|[[File:Sadhana Sargam.jpg|border|center|141x141px]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|"Mi Tujhich Re"
|''Mi Tujhich Re''
|
|-
|2005
|[[File:Sadhana Sargam.jpg|border|center|141x141px]]||[[Sadhana Sargam]]||"Sanjh Jhali Tari"||''[[Sarivar Sari]]'' ||
|-
|2006
|[[File:Devaki Pandit.jpg|border|center|165x165px]]||[[Devaki Pandit]]||"Ja Re Ja Leta Ja"||''Savlee''||
|-
|2007
|[[File:Arati Ankalikar Tikekarji.jpg|border|center|136x136px]]||[[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar]]||"[[Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani]]"||''[[De Dhakka]]''||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-01 |title=Marathi films get a push with De Dhakka - Movies News News - IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/marathi-film-industry-gets-a-push-with-de-dhakka/66758-8.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101041826/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/marathi-film-industry-gets-a-push-with-de-dhakka/66758-8.html |archive-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref>
|-
|2008
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Dr. Supriya Gadekar|| "Gho Mala Asla Hava"||''Gho Mala Asla Hava'' ||
|-
|2009
|{{Dash}}
|Urmila Dhangar
|"Aai Ambe Jagdambe"
|''Durga Mhantyat Mala''
|
|-
|2010
|[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Rajat Kamal Award for Best Female Playback Singer Tuhya Dharma Koncha (Marathi) to Ms.Bela Shende, at the 61st National Film Awards function, in New Delhi on May 03, 2014.jpg|border|center|110x110px]]||[[Bela Shende]]|| "[[Apsara Aali]]"||''[[Natarang]]'' ||
|-
|2011
|[[File:Devaki Pandit.jpg|center|165x165px]]||[[Devaki Pandit]]||"Pahilya Priticha Gandh" ||''[[Arjun (2011 film)|Arjun]]''||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-26 |title=Bollywood gives music to Marathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news-and-interviews/Bollywood-gives-music-to-Marathi/articleshow/10126989.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|{{Dash}}
|[[Hamsika Iyer]]||"Man Chimb Pavsali"||''[[Ajintha (film)|Ajintha]]''||
|-
|2013
|[[File:Mahalakshmi Iyer.jpg|border|center|120x120px]]
|[[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
|"Daatale Reshmi Dhuke"
|''[[Timepass (film)|Timepass]]''
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of 51st Maharashtra State Film Awards | website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/winners-at-the-51st-maharashtra-state-awards/photostory/40284230.cms?pcode=other#:~:text='Taani'%20won%20in%20two%20categories,category%20for%20the%20same%20film.}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
|[[File:Neha3.jpg|border|center|110x110px]]||[[Neha Rajpal]]|| "Kaakan" ||''[[Kaakan]]''
|-
|2015
|{{Dash}}
|Janhavi Prabhu Arora
|"Saavar Re Mana"
|''[[Mitwaa]]''
|-
|2016
|{{Dash}}
|Mugdha Hasabnis
| "Kalokhacha"
|''[[Ubuntu (film)|Ubuntu]]''
|-
|2017
|{{Dash}}
|Savani Shende
|"Savare Rang Main"
|''[[Asehi Ekada Vhave]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-04-06 |title='Asehi Ekda Vhave' Bags 6 Nominations in the Prestigious State Awards! |url=https://marathistars.com/news/asehi-ekda-vhave-bags-6-nominations-in-the-prestigious-state-awards/ |access-date= |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|{{Dash}}
|[[Priyanka Barve]]
|"Kalokhachya Watevarti"
|''[[Bandishala]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandishala's great achievement in 56th Marathi film awards |url=https://www.apnnews.com/bandhishalas-great-achievement-at-56th-marathi-film-awards/}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|{{Dash}}
|Madhura Kumbhar
|"Jagana He Nyaar Zala"
|''[[Hirkani]]''
|
|-
|2020
|{{Dash}}
|Prachi Rege
|"Majhya Godabaila Jo Jo Jo"
|''Godakaath''
|
|-
|2021
|[[File:Aanandi Joshi (cropped).jpg|border|center|110x110px]]
|[[Aanandi Joshi (singer)|Aanandi Joshi]]
|"Man Zhale Bavare"
|''Rangiley Funter''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[File:Aarya Ambekar in December 2020.jpg|border|center|109x109px]]
|[[Aarya Ambekar]]
|"Bai Ga"
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=जगताप |first=नामदेव |title=राज्य चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा; हिंदी, मराठी सिनेसृष्टीतील कलाकारांचा सन्मान; पाहा संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/maharashtra-state-film-awards-diamond-jubilee-held-in-mumbai-see-all-winners-list-kajol-bhimrao-panchale-anupam-kher-mukta-barve-bollywood-news-1375148 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Amita Ghugari
|"Kaina"
|''[[Soyrik]]''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2023
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|Rucha Bondre
|"Bharajari Ga Pitambara"
|''[[Shyamchi Aai (2023 film)|Shyamchi Aai]]''
|
|}

==Multiple wins==

Individuals with two or more Best Female Playback Singer awards:

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Wins
! scope="col" | Recipients
|-
|18
|{{Cslist|[[Asha Bhosle]]}}
|-
| 6
| {{cslist|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]||}}
|-
|4
|{{Cslist|[[Devaki Pandit]]}}
|-
| 3
| {{cslist|[[Sadhana Sargam]]| Jayshree Shivram||||||||||}}
|-
|2
|{{Cslist|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]|[[Suman Kalyanpur]]|Uttara Kelkar|Pushpa Pagdhare}}
|-
|}
== See also ==

* [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
* [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb event|0015478|Maharashtra State Film Awards}}

[[Category:Maharashtra State Film Awards|Female Playback Singer]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1962]]
[[Category:Music awards honoring women]]
[[Category:Film awards for best playback singer]]

2022–23 Jamshedpur FC season

2025-10-23T04:14:47Z

Arpan1314: made a details.

{{Short description|2022–23 season of Jamshedpur FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football club season
|club = [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|manager = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aidy Boothroyd]]
|mgrtitle = Head coach
|chairman = {{flagicon|IND}} Chanakya Chaudhary
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]]
|league = [[2022–23 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]]
|league result = 10th
|cup1 = [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
|cup1 result = [[2023 Indian Super Cup#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|cup2 = [[Durand Cup]]
|cup2 result = [[2022 Durand Cup#Group stage|Group stage]]
|season = [[2022–23 in Indian football|2022–23]]
|league topscorer = [[Ritwik Das]] (6 goals)
|average attendance = 14,652
|highest attendance = 22,389 (vs [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]])
|lowest attendance = 7,430 (vs [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]])
|prevseason = [[2021–22 Jamshedpur FC season|2021–22]]
|nextseason = [[2023–24 Jamshedpur FC season|2023–24]]
|largest win = 3–0 (vs [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]] (H), 14 April 2023, Super Cup)
|largest loss = 3–0 (vs [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (A), 21 August 2022, Durand Cup) 3–0 (vs [[FC Goa|Goa]] (A), 3 October 2022, Indian Super League) 0–3 (vs [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] (H), 18 January 2023, Indian Super League)
|season topscorer = [[Ritwik Das]] (6 goals)
|updated = 21 April 2023
| pattern_la1 = _navyborder
| pattern_b1 = _navycollar
| pattern_ra1 = _navyborder
| pattern_sh1 = _navysides
| pattern_so1 = _navytop
| leftarm1 = 000080
| body1 = ED2939
| rightarm1 = 000080
| shorts1 = ED2939
| socks1 = ED2939
| pattern_la2 = _skyblueborder
| pattern_b2 = _uskyblue
| pattern_ra2 = _skyblueborder
| pattern_sh2 = _skysides
| pattern_so2 = _skybluetop
| leftarm2 = FEFEFA
| body2 = FEFEFA
| rightarm2 = FEFEFA
| shorts2 = FEFEFA
| socks2 = FEFEFA
}}

The '''2022–23 season''' is the sixth season in [[Jamshedpur FC]]'s existence, and their fifth season in the [[Indian Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Siddharth|date=2021-06-17|title=ISL 2021-22 to begin on 19th November|url=https://thebridge.in/football/mid-nov-isl-22174|access-date=2021-07-04|website=thebridge.in|language=en}}</ref> This season of the ISL witnesses the return of the home-away format of the matches similar to that of the [[2019–20 Indian Super League]] season after a break of two years due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |first=Marcus |last=Mergulhao |title=No change in ISL format for next season, Super Cup set to return |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-change-in-isl-format-for-next-season-super-cup-set-to-return/articleshow/89932146.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302171857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-change-in-isl-format-for-next-season-super-cup-set-to-return/articleshow/89932146.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Background ==
{{Other uses|2021–22 Jamshedpur FC season}}

After a great record-breaking season of [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]] on 22 March 2022 club officially announced that Head Coach, [[Owen Coyle]] won't be continuing his journey at [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]. The club released an official statement stating:

<blockquote>
Jamshedpur FC Head Coach, Owen Coyle officially announced today that he won't be continuing his journey in India in the next season of Hero Indian Super League. The Scotsman had a successful two years with the club which he continuously kept on improving with his smart signings, promotion of young players and amazing man-management skills. He lifted the Jamshedpur side to 6th place in 2020-21, just 4 points shy off the top-4 places and later in 2021-22 propelled them to the top of the table with a historic Hero ISL League Shield Winners’ campaign where his team smashed and steamrolled upon records.<ref>[https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/until-we-meet-again-thank-you-and-farewell-owen Until we meet again | Thank You and Farewell, Owen]</ref><ref>[https://khelnow.com/football/indian-super-league-isl-owen-coyle-leaves-departs-jamshedpur-fc Owen Coyle bids emotional goodbye to Jamshedpur FC]</ref>
</blockquote>

On 10 July 2022, [[Aidy Boothroyd]] was appointed as head coach of [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]. He said: "Jamshedpur FC are the Champions of India currently and the city has a tremendous football legacy. We want to continue this upward trajectory and make the club reach places and win honours that our fans are dreaming of. We want to take the club to the next level and to compete really with the top teams of Asia."<ref>[https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-appoints-aidy-boothroyd-as-head-coach Jamshedpur FC appoints Aidy Boothroyd as Head Coach]</ref>

On 14 July 2022 [[Jamshedpur FC]] confirm the extension of Leslie Cleevely as Goalkeeping Coach of the club. The world-famous Goalkeeping Coach, fondly called ‘Les’, has signed upto May 2023 and will join Aidy Boothroyd's coaching staff. When asked about his thoughts on extending his stay at Jamshedpur after a successful season, Leslie happily stated, "When I received the offer to come back as goalkeeping coach and defend our Hero ISL league title, it didn't take any persuasion. I'm looking forward to getting to work with our exciting roster of goalkeepers and of course Aidy Boothroyd who is a fantastic coach and the right man for the job."<ref>[https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-extend-stay-of-goalkeeping-coach-leslie-cleevely Jamshedpur FC extend stay of Goalkeeping Coach Leslie Cleevely]</ref>

On 16 July 2022 club appoints [[Stuart Watkiss]] as Assistant Coach. Upon signing for the ISL League Shield winners Stuart opined his ambition with JFC, "It's a big job at [[Jamshedpur FC]], the defending Champions of India. I come with the aim to help the club win back-to-back league titles and also help bring more honours. Along with a top Head Coach like Aidy Boothroyd, the club aims for the maximum and we will take it one game at a time. Looking forward to it."<ref>[https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-appoints-stuart-watkiss-as-assistant-coach Jamshedpur FC appoints Stuart Watkiss as Assistant Coach]</ref>

[[Narender Gahlot]], [[Mobashir Rahman]], [[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]] and [[Jordan Murray (soccer)|Jordan Murray]] leaves club after the season.<ref>[https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-jamshedpur-fc-odisha-fc-announce-narender-gahlot-signing Odisha FC sign Narender Gahlot on three-year deal]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/east-bengal-rope-in-mobashir-rahman-sign-three-year-deal-with-mid-fielder/articleshow/91210104.cms East Bengal Rope in Mobashir Rahman]</ref><ref>[https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-mumbai-city-sign-greg-stewart Mumbai City sign former Jamshedpur FC midfielder Greg Stewart]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-mumbai-city-fc-sign-greg-stewart-on-two-year-deal/articleshow/91631915.cms Mumbai City FC sign Greg Stewart on two-year deal]</ref>

=== December ===
On 6 December, [[Wellington Priori]]'s contract was terminated by mutual agreement with immediate effect. The Brazilian returned to the Red Miners set-up ahead of the start of the 2022–23 campaign and played in six matches for the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jamshedpur FC part ways with Wellington Priori by mutual consent|url=https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-part-ways-with-wellington-priori-by-mutual-consent|website=fcjamshedpur.com|date=6 December 2022|accessdate=6 December 2022}}</ref>

On 7 December, the Red Miners completed the signing of [[Rafael Crivellaro]], till the end of the season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jamshedpur FC complete the signing of midfielder Rafael Crivellaro|url=https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-complete-the-signing-of-midfielder-rafael-crivellaro|website=fcjamshedpur.com|date=7 December 2022|accessdate=8 December 2022}}</ref>

On 26 December, the Red Miners announced the departure of midfielder [[Sheikh Sahil|SK Sahil]] to [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]], on loan till the end of the season.<ref>{{cite web|title=UPDATE: Jamshedpur FC have agreed on a loan move for SK Sahil with Mohammedan SC|url=https://twitter.com/JamshedpurFC/status/1607410806408503296|website=@JamshedpurFC|date=26 December 2022|accessdate=26 December 2022}}</ref>

On 30 December, the Red Miners announced the signing of Australian defender [[Dylan Fox]], till the end of the season after captain [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]] parted ways by mutual consent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jamshedpur FC sign defender Dylan Fox|url=https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-sign-defender-dylan-fox|website=fcjamshedpur.com|date=30 December 2022|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UPDATE: Jamshedpur FC and Peter Hartley have parted ways by mutual consent|url=https://twitter.com/JamshedpurFC/status/1608757864100941825|website=@JamshedpurFC|date=30 December 2022|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref>

=== January ===
On 7 January, the Men of Steel announced the signing of [[Pronay Halder]], on a contract till May 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jamshedpur FC sign midfielder Pronay Halder|url=https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-sign-midfielder-pronay-halder|website=fcjamshedpur.com|date=7 January 2023|accessdate=7 January 2023}}</ref>

==Players==
{{For|a list of all former and current Jamshedpur FC players|List of Jamshedpur FC players}}

===Current squad===
{{updated|6 December 2022<ref>{{cite web
| title = Squad
| url = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1159-jamshedpur-fc-profile/squad
| publisher = [[Indian Super League]]
| access-date = 15 January 2022
| archive-date = 30 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220130190031/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1159-jamshedpur-fc-profile/squad
| url-status = live
}}</ref>}}

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Rakshit Dagar]]}}
{{fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Jitendra Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[PC Laldinpuia|Laldinpuia]]}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Ricky Lallawmawma]]}}
{{fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Seiminlen Doungel|Len Doungel]]}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=AUS|pos=FW|name=[[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Harry Sawyer]]}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Ishan Pandita]]}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=ENG|pos=FW|name=[[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas]]}}
{{Fs player|no=11|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Komal Thatal]]}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=NIR|pos=DF|name=[[Dylan Fox]]}}
{{Fs player|no=13|nat=BRA|pos=DF|name=[[Eli Sabia]]}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Pronay Halder]]}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Muhammad Uvais]]}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Farukh Choudhary]]}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Ritwik Das]]}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Pratik Chaudhari]]}}
{{Fs player|no=26|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Laldinliana Renthlei]]}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Sheikh Sahil|Sk Sahil]]}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Germanpreet Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Vishal Yadav}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Rehenesh TP]]}}
{{Fs player|no=47|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Mohit Dhami}}
{{Fs player|no=50|nat=BRA|pos=MF|name=[[Rafael Crivellaro]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}
{{Fs player|no=99|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=[[Daniel Chima Chukwu]]}}
{{Fs end}}

== Pre-season and friendlies ==

{{legend2|#BBF3BB|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFBB|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|08|28|df=y}}
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 6–0
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-wins-first-pre-season-friendly-against-tata-motors Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Ishan Pandita|Pandita]] x3 {{goal}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{goal}}
* [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal}}
* [[Farukh Choudhary|Choudhary]] {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|team2 = Tata Motors
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|09|4|df=y}}
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 12–0
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-wins-second-preseason-game Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas|Emmanuel-Thomas]] x4 {{goal}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] x3 {{goal}}
* [[Ishan Pandita|Pandita]] x3 {{goal}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{goal}}
* [[Wellington Priori|Priori]] {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|team2 = Tata Steel
|stadium = JFC Flatlet Ground
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|09|09|df=y}}
|time = 09:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/a-narrow-defeat-for-the-men-of-steel-in-their-first-away-pre-season-game Report]
|team1 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|goals1 = * [[David Castañeda (footballer)|Castañeda]] {{goal|79}}
* [[Ogana Louis|Louis]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = * [[Germanpreet Singh|Singh]] {{goal|28}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = Deccan Arena
|location = [[Aziznagar|Aziznagar, Telangana]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|09|14|df=y}}
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/an-intense-clash-against-the-gaurs-ends-with-a-draw Report]
|team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 = * [[Álvaro Vázquez|Vázquez]] {{goal|35}}
|goals2 = * [[Germanpreet Singh|Singh]] {{goal|69}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = Salvador do Mundo Ground
|location = [[Salvador do Mundo|Salvador do Mundo, Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|09|24|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-suffer-a-loss-against-roundglass-punjab Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 =
|goals2 = * [[Ronaldo Oliveira|Oliveira]] {{goal|60}}
* [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|90}}
|team2 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
|stadium = JFC Flatlet Ground
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|09|28|df=y}}
|time = 08:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/jamshedpur-register-a-comfortable-victory-over-sreenidi-deccan Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] x2 {{goal}}
|team2 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = JFC Flatlet Ground
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
|motm =
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|04|df=y}}
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/a-winning-end-to-jamshedpur-fcs-pre-season-campaign Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{goal}}
* [[Farukh Choudhary|Choudhary]] {{goal}}
|team2 = [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = JFC Flatlet Ground
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
|motm =
}}

== Competitions ==

=== Overview ===
{{legend2|#BBF3BB|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFBB|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Fb overview2
|c=0
|c1=[[2022 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]
|fm1={{end date|2022|8|17|df=y}}
|lm1={{end date|2022|9|1|df=y}}
|sr1=[[2022 Durand Cup group stage#Group D|Group Stage]]
|fp3=
|w1=2
|d1=0
|l1=2
|f1=4
|a1=6
|c2=[[2023 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
|fm2={{end date|2023|04|10|df=y}}
|lm2={{end date|2023|04|21|df=y}}
|sr2=[[2023 Indian Super Cup group stage#Group C|Group Stage]]
|w2=3
|d2=0
|l2=1
|f2=11
|a2=7
|c3=[[2022–23 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]]
|fm3={{end date|2022|10|11|df=y}}
|lm3={{end date|2023|02|22|df=y}}
|sr3=[[2022–23 Indian Super League#Results|Matchday 1]]
|w3=5
|d3=4
|l3=11
|f3=21
|a3=32
|c4=[[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions#Qualification for AFC Champions League group stage|play–offs for AFC Champions league]]
|fm4={{end date|2023|04|04|df=y}}
|lm4={{end date|2023|04|04|df=y}}
|sr4=[[#Qualifier for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League group stage slot|One-Off]]
|w4=0
|d4=0
|l4=1
|f4=1
|a4=3
|u={{Start date|2023|04|21|df=y}}
|s= [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/jamshedpur/39657/ Soccerway]
}}

=== Durand Cup ===
{{Main|2022 Durand Cup}}

Jamshedpur were drawn in the [[2022 Durand Cup group stage#Group A|Group A]] for the 131st edition of the [[Durand Cup]] along with two other ISL sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Durand Cup 2022 groups revealed |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/durand-cup-2022-groups-revealed |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=90min.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719175508/https://www.90min.com/posts/durand-cup-2022-groups-revealed |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2022 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=JAM}}

===== Matches =====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==== Group stage ====

{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{start date|2022|08|17|df=y}}
| time = 14.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 1–2
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11959 Report]
| team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| goals1 = * Thakuri {{yel|25}}
* Angelo {{yel|40}}
* Rishi {{goal|61}}
| goals2 = * [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|23}}
* [[Hira Mondal|Mondal]] {{sent off|2|42|58}}
* [[Roy Krishna|Krishna]] {{goal|56}}
* [[Parag Shrivas|Shrivas]] {{yel|86}}
| location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| stadium = [[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru)
| referee = Rahul Kumar Gupta
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 2
| date = {{start date|2022|08|21|df=y}}
| time = 18.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| score = 3–0
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11979 Report]
| team2 = Jamshedpur
| goals1 = * Rahman {{goal|38}}
* [[Abhishek Halder|Abhishek]] {{goal|71}}
* [[S. K. Faiaz|Faiaz]] {{goal|74}}
| location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| stadium = [[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = [[Sairuat Kima]] (Mohammedan)
| referee= Senthil Nathan
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{start date|2022|08|26|df=y}}
| time = 18.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 1–0
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11970 Report]
| team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| goals1 = * [[Vinil Poojary|Poojary]] {{yel|45+2}}
* Hijam {{yel|56}}
* Tapan {{goal|84}}
| goals2 = * Lalremruata {{yel|90}}
| location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| stadium = [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = Tapan Halder (Jamshedpur)
| referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna|C R Srikrishna]]
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 4
| date = {{start date|2022|09|01|df=y}}
| time = 18.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 2–1
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11950 Report]
| team2 = [[Indian Air Force (football team)|Indian Air Force]]
| goals1 = * Thakuri {{goal|26}}
* Bist {{yel|65}}
* Lalruatmawia {{goal|84}}
| goals2 = * Danish {{yel|19}}
* Somananda {{goal|39}}
| location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| stadium = [[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = Lalruatmawia (Jamshedpur)
| referee = Surojit Das
}}

=== Indian Super League ===
{{Main|2022–23 Indian Super League}}This season of the Indian Super League will be played across the country in home and away formats after two seasons of hosting it in [[Goa]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |first=Marcus |last=Mergulhao |title=No change in ISL format for next season, Super Cup set to return |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-change-in-isl-format-for-next-season-super-cup-set-to-return/articleshow/89932146.cms |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302171857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-change-in-isl-format-for-next-season-super-cup-set-to-return/articleshow/89932146.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== League table ====
{{:2022–23 Indian Super League|showteam=JFC}}

==== League results by round ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b

|header = Match
|label1 = Ground
| res1= [[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Fatorda Stadium|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|A]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|H]]/[[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|A]]/[[Kalinga Stadium|A]]
|label2= Result
| res2= L/D/W/L/L/L/L/L/L/L/D/L/D/W/L/L/W/D/W/W
|label3= Position
| res3= 8/10/6/8/9/9/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10/10


|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=green2|color_2-4=yellow1

|updated = 22 February 2023
|source = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/standings Indian Super League]
}}

===== Matches =====
'''Note''': Indian Super League announced the fixtures for the 2022–23 season on 1 September 2022 with the fixture between the Blasters and East Bengal on 7 October serving as the opening match of the season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=ISL 2022-23 to begin October 7, East Bengal vs Kerala Blasters to kickoff new season |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-super-league-isl-2022-23-football-start-date |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[Olympics]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Super League 2022-23 fixtures: Kerala Blasters, ATK Mohun Bagan, East Bengal & every team's schedule released {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-league-2022-23-fixtures-kerala-blasters-atk-mohun/blt150b21c5f615f6de |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|11|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 1
|score = 2–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49468-jamshedpur-fc-vs-odisha-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|3}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{goal|10}}
* [[Laldinliana Renthlei|Renthlei]] {{yel|47}}
* [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{yel|62}}
* [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{yel|84}}
|goals2 = * [[Diego Maurício|Maurício]] {{goal|17||90+1}} {{yel|90+1}}
* [[Isaac Vanmalsawma|Issac]] {{goal|88}}
|team2 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 19,213
|referee = [[Rowan Arumughan]]
|motm = [[Diego Maurício]] (Odisha)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|22|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 2
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49477-mumbai-city-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|goals1 = * [[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] {{goal|8}}
* [[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{yel|36}}
* [[Lalengmawia Ralte|Apuia]] {{yel|44}}
* [[Ahmed Jahouh|Jahouh]] {{yel|57}}
|goals2 = * [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|12}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{yel|35}}
* [[Wellington Priori|Priori]] {{yel|44}}
* [[Ricky Lallawmawma|Lallawmawma]] {{yel|82}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|location = [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
|attendance = 3,733
|referee = Ramachandran Venkatesh
|motm = [[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Mehtab Singh]] (Mumbai City)
|result = D
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|30|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 3
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49483-jamshedpur-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{goal|30}}
|goals2 = * [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Gogoi]] {{yel|88}}
|team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 22,389
|referee = I Jamal Mohamed
|motm = [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|03|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 4
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49484-fc-goa-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 = * [[Iker Guarrotxena|Guarrotxena]] {{goal|2}}
* [[Noah Sadaoui|Sadaoui]] {{goal|12}}
* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Ali]] {{yel|81}}
* [[Brandon Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 = * [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|88}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|location = [[Margao|Margao, Goa]]
|attendance = 13,123
|referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
|motm = [[Iker Guarrotxena]] (Goa)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|11|09|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 5
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49491-jamshedpur-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{yel|45+4}}
* [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2 = * [[Akash Mishra|Mishra]] {{yel|34}}
* [[Mohammad Yasir|Yasir]] {{goal|48}}
* [[Anuj Kumar (footballer)|Kumar]] {{yel|84}}
* [[João Victor (footballer, born 1988)|Victor]] {{yel|90+5}}
|team2 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 20,189
|referee = Pratik Mondal
|motm = [[Odei Onaindia]] (Hyderabad)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|11|19|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 6
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49496-chennaiyin-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|goals1 = * [[Petar Slišković|Slišković]] {{goal|27}}
* [[Ajith Kumar (footballer)|Kumar]] {{yel|35}}
* [[Vafa Hakhamaneshi|Hakhamaneshi]] {{yel|45+1}}
* [[Julius Düker|Düker]] {{yel|59}}
* [[Fallou Diagne|Diagne]] {{yel|61}}
* [[Vincy Barretto|Barretto]] {{goal|77}}
* [[Abdenasser El Khayati|El Khayati]] {{goal|85}}
|goals2 = * [[Ishan Pandita|Pandita]] {{goal|76}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai|Chennai, Tamil Nadu]]
|attendance = 9,788
|referee = L Priyobarta Singh
|motm = [[Abdenasser El Khayati]] (Chennaiyin)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|11|27|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 7
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49503-jamshedpur-fc-vs-east-bengal-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{yel|26}}
* [[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas|Emmanuel-Thomas]] {{goal|40|p}}
* [[Laldinliana Renthlei|Renthlei]] {{yel|45+1}}
* [[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{yel|70}}
|goals2 = * [[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|Suhair]] {{goal|2}} {{yel|36}}
* [[Cleiton Silva|Silva]] {{goal|26||58}}
* [[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|29}}
|team2 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 18,893
|referee = Crystal John
|motm = [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] (East Bengal)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|04|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 8
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49508-jamshedpur-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{yel|31}}
|goals2 = * [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|17}}
* [[Adrián Luna|Luna]] {{yel|45+2}}
* [[Nishu Kumar|Kumar]] {{yel|67}}
* [[Soraisam Sandeep Singh|Singh]] {{yel|72}}
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 16,417
|referee = Tejas Nagvenkar
|motm = [[Marko Lešković]] (Kerala Blasters)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|08|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 9
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49509-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = * [[Ashique Kuruniyan|Kuruniyan]] {{yel|81}}
* [[Hugo Boumous|Boumous]] {{goal|90+1|p}} {{yel|90+4}}
|goals2 = * [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{yel|81}}
* [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{yel|87}} {{sent off|0|90}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{yel|90}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
|location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
|attendance = 15,217
|referee = Rahul Kumar Gupta
|motm = [[Deepak Tangri]] (ATK Mohun Bagan)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|17|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 10
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49516-bengaluru-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 = * [[Danish Farooq Bhat|Farooq]] {{goal|5}}
* [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh]] {{yel|65}}
* [[Parag Shrivas|Shrivas]] {{yel|85}}
* [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Kumar]] {{yel|85}}
|goals2 = * [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{yel|44}}
* [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|77}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru|Bengaluru, Karnataka]]
|attendance = 8,726
|referee = R Venkatesh
|motm = [[Danish Farooq Bhat|Danish Farooq]] (Bengaluru)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|22|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 11
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49519-jamshedpur-fc-vs-fc-goa Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Iker Guarrotxena|Guarrotxena]] {{goal|31|o.g.}}
* [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|47}}
* [[Ishan Pandita|Pandita]] {{goal|50}}
* [[Muhammad Uvais|Uvais]] {{yel|72}}
|goals2 = * [[Iker Guarrotxena|Guarrotxena]] {{goal|38||90}}
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 13,237
|referee = Umesh Bora
|motm = [[Iker Guarrotxena]] (Goa)
|result = D
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|01|03|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 12
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49528-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = * [[Apostolos Giannou|Giannou]] {{goal|9}}
* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|31|p}}
* [[Jessel Carneiro|Carneiro]] {{yel|45+1}}
* [[Soraisam Sandeep Singh|Singh]] {{yel|54}}
* [[Adrián Luna|Luna]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2 = * [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|17}} {{yel|90+6}}
* [[Farukh Choudhary|Choudhary]] {{yel|90+3}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi|Kochi, Kerala]]
|attendance = 24,117
|referee = Ashwin
|motm = [[Adrián Luna]] (Kerala Blasters)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|01|07|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 13
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49531-jamshedpur-fc-vs-chennaiyin-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal|17||56}}
* [[Pronay Halder|Halder]] {{yel|30}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{yel|33}}
|goals2 = * [[Edwin Sydney Vanspaul|Vanspaul]] {{yel|23}}
* [[Vincy Barretto|Barretto]] {{goal|60}}
* [[Petar Slišković|Slišković]] {{goal|68}}
|team2 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 9,224
|referee = L Priyobarta Singh
|motm = [[Aakash Sangwan]] (Chennaiyin)
|result = D
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|01|13|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 14
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49535-east-bengal-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = * [[Cleiton Silva|Silva]] {{goal|12}} {{yel|70}}
* [[Alex (footballer, born December 1988)|Lima]] {{yel|77}}
|goals2 = * [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{goal|61}}
* [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|66}}
* [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal|85}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
|location = [[Kolkata|Kolkata, West Bengal]]
|attendance = 6,758
|referee = Aditya Purkayastha
|motm = [[Ritwik Das]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|01|18|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 15
|score = 0–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49541-jamshedpur-fc-vs-bengaluru-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Pronay Halder|Halder]] {{yel|36}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{yel|75}}
|goals2 = * [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Kumar]] {{goal|7}}
* [[Roy Krishna|Krishna]] {{goal|34}} {{yel|53}}
* [[Sivasakthi Narayanan|Narayanan]] {{goal|62}}
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 9,862
|referee = R Venkatesh
|motm = [[Sandesh Jhingan]] (Bengaluru)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|01|27|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 16
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49545-jamshedpur-fc-vs-mumbai-city-fc Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Pronay Halder|Halder]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{goal|63}}
|goals2 = * [[Ahmed Jahouh|Jahouh]] {{yel|58}}
* [[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] {{goal|80}}
* [[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Mehtab]] {{yel|85}}
* [[Vikram Partap Singh Sandhu|Vikram]] {{goal|86}}
* [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz|Díaz]] {{yel|90+5}}
|team2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 7,430
|referee = Senthil Nathan S
|motm = [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]] (Mumbai City)
|result = L
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|02|04|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 17
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49551-northeast-united-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|goals1 = * [[Alex Saji|Saji]] {{yel|34}}
* [[Pragyan Gogoi|Gogoi]] {{yel|49}}
* [[Mashoor Shereef|Shereef]] {{yel|74}}
|goals2 = * [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal|39}}
* [[Laldinliana Renthlei|Renthlei]] {{yel|43}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|57}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati|Guwahati, Assam]]
|attendance = 401
|referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|motm = [[Rafael Crivellaro]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|02|09|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 18
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49557-jamshedpur-fc-vs-atk-mohun-bagan Report]
|team1 = Jamshedpur
|goals1 = * [[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Jitendra]] {{yel|6}}
|goals2 = * [[Subhasish Bose|Bose]] {{yel|40}}
* [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|65}}
* [[Vishal Kaith|Kaith]] {{yel|80}}
|team2 = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur|Jamshedpur, Jharkhand]]
|attendance = 9,669
|referee = Umesh Bora
|motm = [[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = D
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|02|18|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 19
|score = 2–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49566-hyderabad-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|goals1 = * [[Bartholomew Ogbeche|Ogbeche]] {{goal|12||79}}
* [[João Victor (footballer, born 1988)|Victor]] {{penmiss}}
|goals2 = * [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal|22}}
* [[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas|Emmanuel-Thomas]] {{goal|27|p}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|29}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{sent off|0|55}}
* [[Seiminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|87}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|GMC Balayogi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Hyderabad|Hyderabad, Telangana]]
|attendance = 5,276
|referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|motm = [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Harry Sawyer]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2023|02|22|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 20
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49571-odisha-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team1 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = * [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|52}}
* [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{goal|61}}
* [[Ritwik Das|Das]] {{goal|63}}
* N. Barla {{yel|67}}
|team2 = Jamshedpur
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar|Bhubaneswar, Odisha]]
|attendance = 6,814
|referee = CR Srikrishna
|motm = [[Ritwik Das]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = W
}}

=== Qualifier for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League group stage slot ===

The winners of the [[Indian Super League]] Shield [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]] (Jamshedpur FC) and winners of the same in the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]] season ([[Mumbai City FC]]) will fight it out in a one-off match on 4 April 2023. The match will be played between the qualifier matches of the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]].

The winners of the game, Mumbai City, got a direct slot in the [[2023–24 AFC Champions League#Group stage|2023–24 AFC Champions League group stage]] for the second time in a row.<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Competitions 2023-24 Slots for India announced |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/afc-competitions-2023-24-slots-for-india-announced |website=the-aiff.com |access-date=14 March 2023 }}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
| round =
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|04|df=y}}
| time = 20.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 1–3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18351 Report]
| team2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| goals1 = * [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{yel|41}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{goal|80}}
| goals2 = * [[Ahmed Jahouh|Jahouh]] {{goal|53|p}} {{yel|56}}
* [[Alberto Noguera|Noguera]] {{goal|70}}
* [[Vikram Partap Singh Sandhu|Vikram]] {{goal|90+4}} {{yel|90+5}}
| location = [[Manjeri|Manjeri, Kerala]]
| stadium = [[Malappuram District Sports Complex & Football Academy|Payyanad Stadium]]
| attendance = 4,423
| result = L
| motm = [[Alberto Noguera]] (Mumbai City)
| referee = Venkatesh R
}}

=== Super Cup ===
{{Main|2023 Indian Super Cup}}

Jamshedpur were drawn in the [[2023 Indian Super Cup group stage#Group C|Group C]] for the 3rd edition of the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]] along with two other ISL sides.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hero Super Cup draw held at Football House, tournament kicks off on April 3 in Kerala |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/hero-super-cup-draw-held-at-football-house-tournament-kicks-off-on-april-3-in-kerala |website=the-aiff.com |access-date=7 March 2023 }}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2023 Indian Super Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group C|showteam=JAM}}

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==== Group stage ====

{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|10|df=y}}
| time = 20.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| score = 3–5
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18452 Report]
| team2 = Jamshedpur
| goals1 = * [[Noah Sadaoui|Sadaoui]] {{goal|6||70}}
* [[Iker Guarrotxena|Guarrotxena]] {{goal|61}}
| goals2 = * [[Pratik Chaudhari|Chaudhari]] {{goal|11}}
* [[Rafael Crivellaro|Crivellaro]] {{goal|27||59}}
* [[Pronay Halder|Halder]] {{yel|28}}
* [[Fares Arnaout|Arnaout]] {{goal|45+4|o.g.}}
* [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{goal|82}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{yel|90+2}}
| location = [[Kozhikode|Calicut, Kerala]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 2,247
| result = W
| motm = [[Rafael Crivellaro]] (Jamshedpur)
| referee = I Jamal Mohamed
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 2
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|14|df=y}}
| time = 20.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 3–0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18454 Report]
| team2 = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| goals1 = * [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{goal|22||43}} {{yel|66}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{yel|33}}
* [[Laldinliana Renthlei|Renthlei]] {{yel|58}}
* [[Rafael Crivellaro|Crivellaro]] {{yel|66}}
* [[Eli Sabiá|Sabiá]] {{yel|66}}
* [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{goal|90+3}}
| goals2 = * [[Slavko Damjanović|Damjanović]] {{yel|36}}
* [[Glan Martins|Martins]] {{yel|43}}
| location = [[Kozhikode|Calicut, Kerala]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 2,225
| result = W
| motm = [[Pratik Chaudhari]] (Jamshedpur)
| referee = Tejas Visvasrao Nagvenkar
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|18|df=y}}
| time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Jamshedpur
| score = 3–2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18455 Report]
| team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| goals1 = * [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Sawyer]] {{goal|40}}
* [[Farukh Choudhary|Choudhary]] {{goal|59}}
* [[Ishan Pandita|Pandita]] {{goal|69}}
| goals2 = * S. Konney {{goal|33||62}}
* [[Vikas Singh Saini|Saini]] {{yel|57}}
* [[Shilton D'Silva|D'Silva]] {{yel|71}}
| location = [[Kozhikode|Calicut, Kerala]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 1,123
| result = W
| motm = [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Harry Sawyer]] (Jamshedpur)
| referee = Senthil Nathan S
}}

==== Semi-finals ====

{{football box collapsible
| round = SF
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| score = 2–0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18803 Report]
| team2 = Jamshedpur
| goals1 = * [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|53}}
* [[Jayesh Rane|Rane]] {{goal|67}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|84}}
| goals2 = * [[Laldinliana Renthlei|Renthlei]] {{yel|61}}
| location = [[Kozhikode|Calicut, Kerala]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 3,458
| result = L
| motm = [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]] (Bengaluru)
| referee = Aditya Purkayastha
}}

== Statistics ==
''All stats are correct as of 21 April 2023''

=== Squad appearances and goals ===
'''Note''': Jamshedpur fielded their [[Jamshedpur FC Reserves and Academy|reserve]] side as their first team for the Durand Cup. As a result, the lists below include the stats of players who featured for the club in different sections of the ISL, Super Cup and the Durand Cup.

==== All competitions ====
{{Efs start|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]]|[[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions#Qualification for AFC Champions League group stage|Qualifier]]|[[2023 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080;"| Goalkeepers
{{Efs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Rakshit Dagar]]|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Vishal Yadav|9|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=32|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Rehenesh TP]]|11|0|1|0|3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=47|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Mohit Dhami|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#000080; color:#ED2939;"| Defenders
{{Efs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[PC Laldinpuia|Laldinpuia]]|4+4|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Ricky Lallawmawma]]|20|0|1|0|3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=12|nat=AUS|pos=DF|name=[[Dylan Fox]]|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=13|nat=BRA|pos=DF|name=[[Eli Sabiá]]|15|0|1|1|3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Muhammad Uvais]]|3+3|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Pratik Chaudhari]]|14+3|0|1|0|3+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=26|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Laldinliana Renthlei]]|16+1|0|1|0|3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Saphaba Singh Telem|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080;"| Midfielders
{{Efs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Jitendra Singh (footballer)|Jitendra Singh]]|7+6|0|0|0|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Seiminlen Doungel|Len Doungel]]|0+10|0|0|0|1+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=10|nat=ENG|pos=MF|name=[[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas]]|14+3|2|1|0|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Pronay Halder]]|7|0|1|0|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Farukh Choudhary]]|6+10|0|0|0|1+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Sheikh Sahil|Sk Sahil]]|1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Germanpreet Singh]]|4+1|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=50|nat=BRA|pos=MF|name=[[Rafael Crivellaro]]|9+1|0|0+1|0|3|2}}
{{Efs player|no=89|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Phijam Vikash Singh|3+1|0|0|0|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#000080; color:#ED2939;"| Forwards
{{Efs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris Singh]]|18+2|2|1|0|3|2}}
{{Efs player|no=8|nat=AUS|pos=FW|name=[[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Harry Sawyer]]|8+10|2|1|0|1+3|3}}
{{Efs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Ishan Pandita]]|6+10|2|0+1|0|1+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=11|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Komal Thatal]]|0|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Ritwik Das]]|14+4|6|1|0|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=77|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Nikhil Barla|1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=99|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Daniel Chima Chukwu]]|17+2|5|1|0|3|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080;{{box-shadow border|a|#000000|3px}}"|Players who have made an appearance or had a squad number this season but have left the club
{{Efs player|no=5|nat=BRA|pos=MF|name=[[Wellington Priori]]|5+1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Sandip Mandi]]|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=29|nat=ENG|pos=DF|name=[[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]]|8|1|0|0|0|0}}
|}

==== Durand Cup ====
{{Efs start|[[Durand Cup]]}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080;"| Goalkeepers
{{Efs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Vishal Yadav|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=52|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Arman Tamang|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=68|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Mohit Dhami|4|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#000080; color:#ED2939;"| Defenders
{{Efs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Sandip Mandi]]|4|0}}
{{Efs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Rishi Rajput]]|0+2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=58|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Kojam Beyong|3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=60|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Saphaba Singh Telem|4|0}}
{{Efs player|no=63|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Aryan Sonowal|4|0}}
{{Efs player|no=65|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Gopal Hembrom|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=66|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Raj Mukhi|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=67|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Ankit Toppo|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080;"| Midfielders
{{Efs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Kamlesh Singh Bist|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=34|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Deepak Hansda|0+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=45|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Anand Kumar|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=46|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Keisam Angelo Singh|4|0}}
{{Efs player|no=47|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Nayan Tamang|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=48|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Robin Das|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=53|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Advait Sumbly|0+3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=54|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Piyush Thakuri|3+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=59|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sorokhaibam Nongpoknganba Meitei|0+3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=61|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Phijam Vikash Singh|4|0}}
|-
!colspan=16 style="background:#000080; color:#ED2939;"| Forwards
{{Efs player|no=55|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Hijam Lenin Singh|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=62|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Lalruatmawia|4|1}}
{{Efs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Tapan Haldar|0+3|1}}
{{Efs player|no=23|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Vinil Poojary]]|4|0}}
{{Efs player|no=56|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Nikhil Barla|1+2|0}}
|}

=== Clean-sheets ===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Rank
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Name
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |No.
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |League
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Durand Cup
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Super Cup
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Qualifier
! style="background:#ED2939; color:#000080; text-align:center;" |Total
|-
|1
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rehenesh T. P.|Rehenesh TP]]
|32
|3
|0
|1
|0
|4
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
|{{flagicon|IND}} Vishal Yadav
|31
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohit Dhami
|47 (Durand Cup: 68)
|0
|1
|0
|0
|1
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jamshedpur FC}}
{{2022–23 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 Jamshedpur FC season}}
[[Category:Jamshedpur FC seasons]]
[[Category:2022–23 Indian Super League season by team|Jamshedpur]]

Malan River (Mordhara hills)

2025-10-04T15:15:19Z

Arpan1314:

{{One source|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Malan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length_km = 44
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =
| discharge2_location= [[Arabian Sea]]
| discharge2_min =
| discharge2_avg =
| discharge2_max =

| source1 =
| source1_location = [[India]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location = [[Arabian Sea]], [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
''' Malan River''' is a river in [[Gujarat]], in western [[India]], which originates in the Mordhara hills. Its [[drainage basin|basin]] has a maximum length of 44 km. The total catchment area of the basin is 332 km2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malan River|url=http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1649&lang=English|publisher=guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in, [[Government of Gujarat]]|accessdate=13 March 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|21|04|N|71|46|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-river-stub}}

North West Delhi district

2025-09-24T13:09:47Z

Arpan1314:

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = North West Delhi district
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Delhi| District of Delhi]]
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Delhi districts.png
| mapsize = 300px
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| map_caption = Location in Delhi
| coordinates = {{coord|28.6964|N|77.1271|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Kanjhawala]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
| leader_title = [[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = [[Yogender Chandoliya]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 442.84
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 213
| population_total = 3,211,042
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 1100xx<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Delhi/North-west/ North West Delhi]</ref>
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North-West Delhi]]
| website = {{url|https://dmnorthwest.delhi.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| pushpin_label = North West Delhi
| demographics1_info1 = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[North Delhi Municipal Corporation|NDMC]]
}}
'''North West Delhi district''' is an [[List of districts of Delhi|administrative district]] of the [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]] in [[India]].

==Geography==
North West Delhi is bounded by the [[Yamuna River]] on the northeast, and by the districts of [[North Delhi]] to the east and southeast, [[West Delhi]] to the south, [[Jhajjar District]] of [[Haryana]] state to the west, [[Sonipat District]] of Haryana to the northwest and north, [[Bagpat District]] and [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state to the northeast across the Yamuna.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|23=1961|24=2,40,973
|25=1971|26=4,50,419
|27=1981|28=9,91,186
|29=1991|30=17,77,968
|31=2001|32=28,60,869
|33=2011|34=36,56,539
|percentages=pagr
|footnote=Source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901]</ref>
|align=middle}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] North West Delhi has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,656,539,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: NCT Delhi |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/912/download/36516/DH_2011_0700_PART_A_DCHB_NCT_OF_DELHI.pdf |access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Liberia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web |work=[[World Fact Book]] | publisher = US Central Intelligence Agency | title = Country Comparison: Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Oklahoma 3,751,351 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 78th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]). The district has a population density of {{convert| 8298 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 27.63%. North West Delhi has a [[sex ratio]] of 862 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.66%.<ref name="districtcensus"/>

The bifurcated district had a population of 2,250,816, of which 2,205,605 (97.99%) of the population lived in urban areas. The district had a sex ratio of 872 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes made up 19.31% of the population.<ref name="districtcensus" />
{{bar box
|title=Religions in North West Delhi district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: NCT Delhi|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11371/download/14484/DDW07C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|7.97}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|2.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.19}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.50}}}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of North West Delhi district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 86.10 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value2 = 4.04 |color2 = pink
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 1.95 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value4 = 1.72 |color4 = gold
|label5 = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] |value5 = 1.13 |color5 = indianred
|label6 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]] |value6 = 1.08 |color6 = hotpink
|label7 = Others |value7 = 3.98 |color7 = grey
|thumb = left
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 86.10% of the population spoke [[Hindi]], 4.04% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], 1.95% [[Urdu]], 1.72% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] 1.13% [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] and 1.08% [[Maithili language|Maithili]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: NCT Delhi |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10201/download/13313/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0700.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Administration==
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions: [[Saraswati Vihar]], [[Rohini Sub City]], and [[Kanjhawala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=North West District: Organisation Setup |url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_northwest/North+West+District/Home/Organisation+Setup |publisher=[[Government of Delhi]] website |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174408/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_northwest/North+West+District/Home/Organisation+Setup |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://dmnorthwest.delhi.gov.in/ North West Delhi District, Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131209051635/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_northwest/North+West+District/Home/Map Detailed Map of North West Delhi District]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = North West Delhi district
|North = [[Sonipat district]], [[Haryana]]
|Northeast = [[Baghpat district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[North Delhi district]]
|South = [[West Delhi district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Jhajjar district]], [[Haryana]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Delhi}}

[[Category:North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Districts of Delhi]]

Manabendra Adhikary

2025-08-13T04:52:24Z

Arpan1314: stub

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manabendra Adhikary

|image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = Manabendra Adhikary, Director and Anil Radhakrisnan Menon, Producer of the film ‘OTHELLO’ and Mukesh Mehta, Producer of the film ‘NORTH 24 KAATHAM’, at a press conference.jpg
|bSize = 820
|cWidth = 250
|cHeight = 250
|oTop = 220
|oLeft = 165
|Location=center
}}

| caption = Adhikary (left) at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] [[45th International Film Festival of India|2014]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|1|17}}
| birth_place = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Film Producer]]
| website = [https://www.facebook.com/arthafilms Artha Films]
}}
'''Manabendra Adhikary''' is a film producer from [[Assam]], [[India]]. He was born on 17 January 1963 in Abhayapuri, [[Bongaigaon]]. After passing HSLC from Abhayapuri Abhayeswari H.S.M.P. School in 1978, he attended Guwahati Commerce College. After graduating in 1983, he went to Delhi for higher education. After completion of [[Master of Commerce|M.Com]] and [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]], he worked briefly in Delhi and returned to Guwahati in 1990 to start M. Adhikary & Associates, a finance and tax consultancy firm in Uzanbazar. In 2002, he began the construction company M/S Aadarsh Real Estate Pvt. Ltd,<ref>[http://corporatedir.com/company/aadarsh-real-estate-and-associates-private-limited About Aadarsh Real Estate Pvt. Ltd.] via Corporate Dir</ref> and ran his business with subordinates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manabendra Adhikary - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/manabendra-adhikary/1082506 |access-date=2021-05-28 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>

His wish to become a filmmaker was inspired by the films of [[Satyajit Ray]], [[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]], and [[Jahnu Baruah]]. He began his film career by opening a production house named Artha Films in May 2013, whose objective is to present stories of the day-to-day lives of common people and raise the recognition of the Assamese film industry in India.<ref>[http://www.magicalassam.com/2015/02/assamese-film-othello-won-award-noida-international-film-festival.html Othello Won Best Film Jury Award at Noida International Film Festival] via Magical Assam</ref>

==Films==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Director
|-
|2017
|''[[Othello (2017 film)|Othello]]''
|Hemanta Kumar Das
|-
|2017
|Antareen
|Monjul Barua
|}

==Awards==
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|Best Feature Film in Assamese]] on [[62nd National Film Awards]]<ref>[http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=sep2814/city052 Honour for Assamese film] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125011454/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=sep2814/city052 |date=25 January 2020 }} via The Assam Tribune</ref><ref>[http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/showpage.asp?id=may0715,8,753,951,669,486 Best Regional Film in Assamese for ''Othello''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060844/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/showpage.asp?id=may0715,8,753,951,669,486 |date=4 March 2016 }} via The Assam Tribune</ref>
* Best Film Jury Award at Noida International Film Festival.
* Selected for [[Indian Panorama]] 2014, [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]<ref>[http://www.iffi.nic.in/writereaddata/IP%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf Indian Panorama 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030173353/http://www.iffi.nic.in/writereaddata/IP%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf |date=30 October 2014 }} via IFFI</ref>
* Best Screenplay at Indian Cine Film Festival-14, Mumbai<ref>[http://www.kothasobi.com/award/othelo-won-best-screenplay-award-indian-cine-film-festival-14/ Othello won Best Screenplay Award at Indian Cine Film Festival-14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129065015/http://www.kothasobi.com/award/othelo-won-best-screenplay-award-indian-cine-film-festival-14/ |date=29 November 2018 }} Via Kothasobi</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adhikary, Manabendra}}
[[Category:Assamese film producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Guwahati]]
[[Category:Film producers from Assam]]

{{India-film-producer-stub}}

Kalna City

2025-08-12T20:36:03Z

Arpan1314: cleanup structure to improve readability and updated info per standard format

#REDIRECT [[Kalna, India]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Pakayajna

2025-05-28T10:35:24Z

Arpan1314: made a data

{{Short description|Hindu ritual}}
{{Hinduism}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{italic title}}
The '''Pakayajna''' ({{Langx|sa|पाकयज्ञ|translit=Pāka-yajñās}}) or '''Pakayaga''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{Transliteration|sa|ISO|Pāka-yaga}}) is a [[Hindus|Hindu]] ritual. It is a type of [[Yajna]] associated with the Vedic sacrifices of cooked food offering, and regarded as an obligatory ritual ([[Nityakarma|nitya-karma]]) for a householder.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Brian K. |date=1986 |title=THE UNITY OF RITUAL: The Place of the Domestic Sacrifice in Vedic Ritualism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24654536 |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=79–96 |doi=10.1163/000000086790082154 |jstor=24654536 |issn=0019-7246|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=eGangotri |url=http://archive.org/details/4146UPSSPakaYajnaLaugakshiSharada |title=4146 UPSS Paka Yajna Laugakshi Sharada}}</ref>

The term "''paka''" means "cooked" or "prepared". Unlike other types of sacrifices, such as [[Haviryaga]], which involves the offering of uncooked food, a Pakayajna utilizes cooked food material such as [[Cooked rice|bhat]]. The food (rice of other grains) is cooked in a pot made out of clay called "sthālī", and then offered in the [[yajna]] fire during the ritual.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Yegnasubramanian |first=S. |title=Vaidika Samskaras |url=https://svbf.org/wp-content/uploads/vaidika-samskaras/6_VaidikaSamskaras.pdf |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=svbf.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehra |first=B. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJkoAAAAYAAJ |title=Vaitānaśrautasūtra |date=1994 |publisher=Sanjay Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7453-000-4 |language=en}}</ref>

== Types ==
The seven types of Pakayajna are:<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Pākayajnas |url=https://hindupedia.com/en/P%C4%81kayajnas |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref>Gautama [[Dharma]] Sutras 8-19, page no.74, Chaukhamba Samskrit Samthan, [[Varanasi]]</ref>

* ''Aṣṭakā''
* ''Pārvaṇa''
* ''Śrāddha''
* ''Śrāvaṇī''
* ''Āgrahāyaṇī''
* ''Caitrī''
* ''Āśviyujī''

== See also ==
* [[Vedas]]
* [[Yajna]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindudharma}}

[[Category:Yajna]]
[[Category:Hindu rituals]]
[[Category:Vedic customs]]

Vaidehi (2006 TV series)

2025-05-05T07:47:30Z

Arpan1314: cleaned up references per standard format and added references

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Vaidehi – Ek Aur Agni Pareeksha
| image = Vaidehiserial.v1.jpg
| caption = Promotional log
| creator = [[AK Films]]
| director = Pawan Sahu
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil
| producer = [[Aruna Irani]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| open_theme = "Vaidehi"
| country = India
| num_episodes = 54
| company = [[AK Films]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| runtime = 23 minutes
| first_aired = {{start date|2006|06|05|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2006|12|28|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Vaidehi''''' or '''''Vaidehi – Ek Aur Agni Pareeksha''''' ({{Translation|''Vaidehi – One more test of fire''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi-language]] television series that aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]. The show premiered on 5 June 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/june/june10.htm|title=Sony begins 10 pm band revamp with 'Vaidehi...'|work=Indiantelevision.com|date=1 June 2006}}</ref> It was produced by [[Aruna Irani]].

== Plot ==

The story revolves around Vaidehi, a sweet 21-year-old middle-class girl, who dreams of marrying her Prince Charming and having a supportive family. Being born in a poor family made Vaidehi believe that her dream may never come true. However, Vaidehi's parents receive a marriage proposal for her from one of the richest families in the town — the Jaisinghs.

Vaidehi's family finds it hard to believe that the Jaisinghs want Vaidehi to marry their son Aryavardhan. Vaidehi is also sceptical and wonders about the reason behind this proposal and refuses the offer. After major pressure from her parents, Vaidehi marries Aryavardhan. A few days after her marriage, Vaidehi feels trapped in the relationship, and her life comes to a standstill. The question remains — what is the secret that lurks in the corridors of the Jaisingh mansion and what will happen when the truth is finally unveiled?

== Cast ==
* [[Pallavi Kulkarni]] as Vaidehi Aryavardhan Jaisingh, a spirited 21-year-old young woman.
* Sachin Sharma as Aryavardhan "Aryan" Jaisingh, Vaidehi's sophisticated yet possessive husband.
* [[Manav Gohil]] as Neel Agnihotri, Aryan's adopted brother, who falls in love with Vaidehi and eventually becomes her protector.
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as Harshvardhan "Harsh" Jaisingh, Aryan's father, the richest man in town.
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Sitadevi "Sita" Harshvardhan Jaisingh, Harsh's wife whom he's married since 35 years, who shares a motherly bond with Vaidehi.
* [[Vineet Raina]] as Yashvardhan "Yash" Jaisingh, Aryan's younger brother.
* Gulrez Khan as Maithili Yashvardhan Jaisingh, Yash's wife.
* [[Ashlesha Sawant]] as Bhumija Jaisingh / Bhumija Siddharth Singhania, Aryan's younger sister and Siddharth's wife.
* Sushmita Daan as Arundhati, a journalist whose only purpose is to unmask the Jaisingh family.
* [[Neetha Shetty]] as Natasha Jaisingh, Aryan's younger sister.
* [[Snigdha Akolkar]] as Janki Aryavardhan Jaisingh, Aryan's first wife, who faked her death to escape from him and the torture inflicted upon her by Aryan.
* Vishal Watwani as Sameer, Janki's second husband and Yuvika's father.
* [[Vivan Bhatena]] as Inspector Akash Jaisingh, Aryan's youngest brother.
* [[Sachin Shroff]] as Siddharth Singhania, Bhumija's husband.
* [[Namrata Thapa]] as Maithili Yashvardhan Jaisingh, Yash's wife.
* Siddharth Dhawan as Karan, Bhumija's ex-boyfriend.
* [[Amrapali Gupta]] as Varsha, Vaidehi's younger sister
* [[Sonia Singh]] as Anita, Vaidehi's friend and Yashvardhan's girlfriend
* [[Adita Wahi]] as Tara
* Baby Barbie as Yuvika, Sameer and Janki's daughter; Aryan's adopted daughter.
* Lira Williams as Priya
* [[Adi Irani]]
* [[Dinesh Kaushik]]
* Kulbir Baderson
* Rushita Singh
* Nasir Sheikh as Mr. Singhania

==Reception==
[[Rediff.com]] stated the plot as interesting which makes viewers hooked to the series.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=TV's top new show|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/08sld10.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://archive.today/20150426200003/http://www.setasia.tv/shows/shows_inside.php?country=2&id=70 Vaidehi Official Site]
* {{IMDb title|id=1821281}}

{{SET Shows}}

[[Category:2006 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2006 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

Banaras Lal Bharwamirch

2025-03-30T09:57:54Z

Arpan1314: made the post w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Chilli variety grown in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox cultivar
| name = Banaras Lal Bharwamirch (Red Pickle Chilli) - बनारसी लाल भरवा मिर्च
| image = Ripened red stuffed chilli pickle - Banaras Lal Bharwamirch Aachaar.jpg
| image_caption = Banaras Lal Bharwamirch Achaar - Ripened red stuffed chilli in pickle form
| species = ''[[Capsicum annuum]]''
| origin = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| module = {{Infobox pepper
|embed = yes
|heat =
|scoville =
}}
}}
The '''Banaras Lal Bharwamirch (Red Pickle Chilli)''' is a variety of [[chili pepper|chilli]] grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Banarasi Paan among 4 Varanasi products get GI tag |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/banarasi-paan-and-three-other-varanasi-products-receive-gi-tag-22-gi-products-from-the-kashi-region-now-annual-turnover-of-gi-products-pegged-at-rs-25-500-crores-101680547319376.html |access-date=3 November 2024 |agency=Hindustan Times}}</ref> It is mainly cultivated in [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]], [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]], [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]], [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]] & [[Ballia district|Ballia]] districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sweet delight for Varanasi as Banarasi paan, langda mango enter GI club |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-rejoice-as-ups-banarasi-paan-langda-mango-enter-gi-club-2355395-2023-04-04 |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=India Today |date=4 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Name==
It is named after its place of origin, the region of Banaras (also known as Varanasi), located in [[Purvanchal]] region of Uttar Pradesh. Lal means Red relating to its colour; Bharwa means stuffed as it is exclusively used in traditional [[South Asian pickle|pickles]] while Mirch means Chilli - in the local [[Hindi language]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The many shades of red |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/the-many-shades-of-red-1040676.html |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

===Local name===
It is known as Lal Sona - meaning Red Gold in the local Hindi language.<ref>{{cite news |title=फूलपुर:लाल सोना भरुआ मिर्च की आवक शुरू , देश के कोने कोने होती लाल मिर्च का होता है निर्यात |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/azamgarh/phulpur/news/the-arrival-of-red-gold-stuffed-chillies-starts-red-chillies-are-exported-to-every-corner-of-the-country-130842978.html |access-date=3 November 2024 |agency=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

==Description==
The Banaras Lal Bharwamirch, has unique characteristics - When grown in the field, its skin is exceptionally thick, but upon stuffing with spices, it gradually thins, becoming delicate like paper. This mildly spicy chilli is predominantly used for Banarasi Lal Mirch Bharwa Achar (stuffed pickle), a beloved and traditional condiment.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vishal |first1=Anoothi |title=Mrs LC's Table: Stories about Kayasth Food and Culture |date=25 September 2016 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-592-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-7xDAAAQBAJ&dq=Banaras+lal+bharwa+mirch&pg=PT106 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Sanjeev |title=Cooking With Olive Oil |date=31 December 2011 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-497-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAqzJnGFJxkC&dq=Banarasi+Lal+Mirch&pg=PA135 |access-date=3 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How to make Stuffed Red Chilli Pickle |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/how-to-make-stuffed-red-chilli-pickle/photostory/98333314.cms |website=recipes.timesofindia.com |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref> Notably, the unripe Banarasi Lal Mirch is non-bitter, but gradually develops a bitter taste upon ripening, adding to its culinary significance.
[[File:Preparation of red chilli Indian pickle (1).jpg|thumb|Preparation]]

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]] under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] on 30 March 2024 (valid until 2 February 2032).<ref>{{cite web |title=Geographical Indications |publisher=Intellectual Property India |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/823 |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref>

Pragatisheel Arajiline Farmer Producer Company Limited represented by Mr. Shyam Bihari Lal Verma from [[Varanasi]], proposed the GI registration of Banaras Lal Bharwamirch (Red Pickle Chilli). After filing the application on 03/02/2022, the chilli was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Banaras Lal Bharwamirch (Red Pickle Chilli)" exclusive to the chilies grown in the region. It thus became the first chilli variety from Uttar Pradesh and the 61st type of goods from Uttar Pradesh to earn the GI tag.<ref>{{cite web |title=⚡Banarasi Paan Among Four Varanasi Products Get Geographical Indication Tag |url=https://www.latestly.com/quickly/india/news/banarasi-paan-among-four-varanasi-products-get-geographical-indication-tag-5029944.html |website=LatestLY |access-date=3 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=ABP News |title=Banarasi Paan, Langda Mango, 2 Oher Products Awarded Geographical Indication Tag |url=https://news.abplive.com/agriculture/banarasi-paan-langda-mango-2-oher-products-awarded-geographical-indication-tag-1593122 |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=news.abplive.com |date=4 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Rataul Mango]]
* [[Harmal Chilli]]
* [[Bhiwapur chilli]]
* [[Banaras Pan (Betel Leaf)]]
* [[Ramnagar Bhanta (Brinjal)]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Capsicum Cultivars}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Chillies of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Varanasi district]]
[[Category:Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Ghazipur district]]
[[Category:Ballia district]]
[[Category:Capsicum cultivars]]

Ram Vichar Ray

2024-11-25T09:16:05Z

Arpan1314: reworked structure also

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{no footnotes|date=May 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Vichar Ray
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1954|1|2}}
| birth_place = Madhopur Buzurg, [[Muzaffarpur]], [[India]]
| residence = Patna, Bihar
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2021|||1954|1|2}}
| death_place =
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sahebganj, Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sahebganj]]
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2020
| predecessor = Raju Kumar Singh
| successor = Raju Kumar Singh
| office1 =
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| otherparty =
| website =
| alma_mater = Matric
| profession = Politician
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
}}
'''Ram Vichar Ray''' or '''Ram Vichar Yadav''' was an Indian politician.

He served as a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for [[Sahebganj, Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sahebganj]] from 2015 to 2020 and 1990 to 2005 representing the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].

He died in 2021 from COVID-19.<ref>https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/former-minister-and-rjd-senior-politician-ramvichar-rai-dies-in-private-hospital-of-patna-he-was-corona-positive-ann-1913242</ref>

==References==
* [http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/98.pdf]
* [https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/sahebganj.html Sahebganj Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs]
* [https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/bihar/sahebgan.html Sahebganj Assembly Election Results 2015, Candidate List, Constituency Map]
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ray, Ram Vichar}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarpur]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Khanqah

2024-06-19T06:22:49Z

Arpan1314: minor refined page per sources and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Sufi lodge]]

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