https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Aranyam 2026-08-06T08:23:06Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokendra_Singh_Judeo&diff=513488 2026-04-30T02:17:29Z

<p>Aranyam: made a biography v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian royal and politician}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Lokendra Singh Judeo<br /> | title = [[Maharaja|Maharaj]] of [[Panna State|Panna]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1946|12|16}}<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|01|26|1946|12|16|df=yes}}<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Indira Kumari|3 June 1967}}<br /> | issue = {{plainlist|<br /> * Kamaksha Kumari<br /> * Sulakshana Kumari<br /> }}<br /> | father = [[Narendra Singh Judeo]]<br /> | mother = Durga Rajya Lakshmi Devi<br /> | house = [[Panna State|Panna]]<br /> | dynasty = [[Bundela]]<br /> | module = {{infobox person<br /> | embed = yes<br /> | education = {{plain list|<br /> * Indore Christian College<br /> }}<br /> | signature = <br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lokendra Singh Judeo''' (or simply '''Lokendra Singh''') was a member of the [[Panna State|Panna]] royal family and an Indian politician.<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> He was born on 16 December 1946 to [[Narendra Singh Judeo]], the [[Mahendra]] [[Maharaja]] of [[Panna State|Panna]], and his wife, Durga Rajya Lakshmi Devi, daughter of Maharajkumar Singha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana of [[Lamjang and Kaski]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/782472/1/publications_whoswho_english_09_1992.pdf &quot;Ninth Lok Sabha Who's Who&quot;]. 1992.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Vamika |url=https://vamikajain.com/Hunting-Souvenirs |title=The Hunting Souvenirs |publisher=[[National Institute of Design]] |year=2018 |location=Gandhinagar |publication-date=2018 |pages=104, 139}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was educated at Indore Christian College, Indore.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> His father, in the late 1980s, entrusted him with the electoral responsibilities of his work.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Religion_Caste_and_Politics_in_India/XAO3i_gS61wC |title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India |date=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-04-7 |pages=258 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1977, he contested the general elections for the Panna seat in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] as the candidate of the [[Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=https://archive.org/details/1977_20250409 |title=Statistical Report On General Election, 1977 To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |pages=1,5,73,348}}&lt;/ref&gt; He won the seat with 29,640 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; In 1993, he contested the general elections for the Panna seat in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] as the [[Janata Party]] candidate and won with 30,615 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=https://archive.org/details/1993_20250409 |title=Statistical Report On General Election, 1993 To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |pages=1,5,78,359}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1989, he contested the general elections for the [[9th Lok Sabha|9th]] [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Damoh Lok Sabha constituency|Damoh]] as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=https://archive.org/details/1989_20250408 |title=Statistical Report On General ElectionS, 1989 To the Ninth Lok Sabha (Volume I) |date=1990 |pages=1–3,76,198}}&lt;/ref&gt; He won the seat by securing 307,872 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; In the 1970s, despite the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972|Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972]], there were no strong local laws in Panna to protect wildlife.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; This led to poaching, illegal killings, and wildlife trading.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Concerned about this, he met with [[Indira Gandhi]] and suggested that the protected land of Panna be designated as a National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; She agreed and passed the idea on to [[Arjun Singh (Congress politician)|Arjun Singh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Lokendra was appointed chairman of the committee that helped establish the park, and on 25 October 1981, [[Panna National Park]] was officially created.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; When he turned 73, he retired from politics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> He married Indira Kumari on 3 June 1967.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; He had two daughters, Kamaksha Kumari and Sulakshana Kumari.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kr. Amit Singh and Pawan Bakshi |url=https://archive.org/details/fvwx_talluqdars-of-oudh-kr.-amit-singh-and-pawan-bakshi |title=Talluqdars Of Oudh Kr. Amit Singh And Pawan Bakshi |pages=443}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prabal |date=2011-04-30 |title=Prabal: History of Baghel (Rajputs) of Satna |url=https://puneetprabal.blogspot.com/2011/04/history-of-baghelrajputs-of-satna.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Prabal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamaksha married Preetendra Singh of [[Nagod State|Nagod]], while Sulakshana married Rudramani Kant Singh of [[Bhinga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> He died on 26 January 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MP: Former BJP MP Lokendra Singh dies at 75 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/mp-former-bjp-mp-lokendra-singh-dies-at-75-204116/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh: Former BJP MP Lokendra Singh dies at 75 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh-former-bjp-mp-lokendra-singh-dies-at-75-943929.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:1946 births]]<br /> [[Category:2021 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Janata Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1977–1980]]<br /> [[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preetha_Jayaraman&diff=526623 2026-04-30T00:01:12Z

<p>Aranyam: New</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian cinematographer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Preetha Jayaraman<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Cinematographer<br /> | years_active = 2003{{Endash}}present<br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | relatives = [[P. C. Sreeram]] (uncle)<br /> }}<br /> '''Preetha Jayaraman''' is an Indian cinematographer. She is the niece of famous cinematographer [[P. C. Sreeram]]. Jayaraman is a gold medallist from the Film and Television Institute in Chennai and holds a Master's degree from [[Bond University]], Australia. She is one of the first four women to be inducted into the [[Indian Society of Cinematographers]]. She is also a member of the South Indian Cinematographer's Association (SICA) and the Indian Women's Cinematographer's Collective (IWCC).<br /> <br /> == Early life and education == <br /> Jayaraman earned a gold medal from the Film and Television Institute (FTI) in Chennai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwcc.in/member/preetha-jayaraman/ |title=Preetha Jayaraman |work=Indian Women Cinematographer Collective |date=29 November 2019 |accessdate=3 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She began her career at age 18 as an assistant to [[P. C. Sreeram]], working with him for five years before pursuing further education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.preethajayaraman.com/bio |title=Bio |work=Preetha Jayaraman Official Website |accessdate=3 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She later completed a Master's degree in Film and Television from [[Bond University]] in Australia (2000-2001), during which she received an internship with [[Warner Brothers]] during the production of ''[[Scooby-Doo (film)|Scooby-Doo]]'' (2002).<br /> <br /> == Career == <br /> After completing her master's degree, Jayaraman returned to India and shot her first feature film, ''Knock Knock, I'm Looking to Marry'' (2003), in English. She came to prominence with her work on ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (film)|Abhiyum Naanum]]'' (2008), a Tamil family drama directed by Radha Mohan and produced by [[Prakash Raj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20080317-snap-click-roll-735628-2008-03-06|title=Snap, click, roll|access-date=2016-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/she-set-out-with-a-passion-to-experiment-new-angles/article367670.ece|title=She set out with a passion to experiment new angles|date=2009-01-04|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was awarded Best Film by the Tamil Nadu state government for the year 2008. Jayaraman has worked extensively across multiple Indian film industries, shooting features in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, Malayalam, and English. She frequently collaborates with actor-director [[Prakash Raj]], having worked on his trilingual film ''[[Un Samayal Arayil]]'' (2014), also released as ''[[Ulavacharu Biryani]]'' in Telugu and ''[[Oggarane (film)|Oggarane]]'' in Kannada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-preetha-it-was-a-new-experience-shooting-a-food-film/20140610.htm|title=Preetha: It was a new experience shooting a food film|newspaper=Rediff|access-date=2016-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; She later shot Raj's Hindi directorial debut ''[[Tadka (film)|Tadka]]'' (2022). Her notable works include ''[[Vaanam Kottatum]]'' (2020), produced by Madras Talkies, ''[[Hey Sinamika]]'' (2022) in Tamil, and ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|Dhoomam]]'' (2023) in Malayalam. In 2025, she worked as one of three cinematographers on the coming-of-age drama ''[[Bad Girl (2025 film)|Bad Girl]]'', directed by Varsha Bharath, which premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bad Girl |url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2025/films/bad-girl |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=International Film Festival Rotterdam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beyond feature films, Jayaraman has extensive experience shooting television commercials, music videos, short films, and documentaries. Her commercial work includes campaigns for major brands such as ICICI Bank, Britannia, Titan, and Apple. She shot the music video &quot;Teri Deewani&quot; (2007) for singer Kailash Kher.<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title <br /> !Language!! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[Knock Knock, I'm Looking to Marry]]'' <br /> |English|| <br /> |- <br /> | 2007 || ''[[Kannamoochi Yenada]]'' <br /> |Tamil|| <br /> |- <br /> | 2008 || ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (film)|Abhiyum Naanum]]'' <br /> |Tamil|| <br /> |- <br /> | 2009 || ''[[Aakasamantha]]'' || Telugu || <br /> |-<br /> |2011 || ''[[Aidondla Aidu]]''<br /> |Kannada<br /> |1 of 5 cinematographers <br /> |- <br /> | 2013 ||''[[Gouravam (2013 film)|Gouravam]]''<br /> |Tamil&lt;br /&gt;Telugu|| <br /> |- <br /> | 2014 || ''[[Ulavacharu Biryani]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Un Samayal Arayil]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Oggarane (film)|Oggarane]]'' || Telugu&lt;br&gt;Tamil&lt;br&gt;Kannada ||<br /> |- <br /> | 2015 ||''[[Boxer (2015 film)|Boxer]]''<br /> |Kannada||<br /> |- <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2” |2019 ||''[[The Fakir of Venice]]''<br /> |Hindi|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Sunayana Suresh |date=29 May 2017 |title=Cinematographer Preetha Jayaraman heads to Bollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/cinematographer-preetha-jayaraman-heads-to-bollywood/articleshow/58880654.cms |accessdate=3 March 2020 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> |''[[Aadi Lakshmi Puraana]]''<br /> | Kannada ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Shilpa Sebastian R |date=15 November 2019 |title=Woman in a man's world: 'Vaanam Kottatum' cinematographer Preetha Jayaraman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-the-woman-cinematograoher-preetha-jayaraman-of-south-indian-cinema/article30075492.ece |accessdate=3 March 2020 |work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 ||''[[Vaanam Kottatum]]'' <br /> |Tamil ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |date=8 January 2020 |title=Watch: Mani Ratnam's 'Vaanam Kottattum' teaser showcases intense family drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/watch-mani-ratnams-vaanam-kottattum-teaser-showcases-intense-family-drama/article30513656.ece |accessdate=3 March 2020 |work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021 || ''[[Hey Sinamika]]'' || Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Badava Rascal]]''<br /> |Kannada ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Tadka (film)|Tadka]]'' || Hindi ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023 || ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|Dhoomam]]'' || Malayalam ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Baanadariyalli]]'' || Kannada || Story writer &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ganesh-Preetham Gubbi’s film titled 'Baanadariyalli' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/apr/02/ganesh-preetham-gubbis-film-titled-baanadariyalli-2436872.html |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''[[Bad Girl (2025 film)|Bad Girl]]'' || Tamil || Cinematography alongside Jagadeesh Ravi and Prince Anderson&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bad Girl |url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2025/films/bad-girl |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=International Film Festival Rotterdam}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards and recognition == <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |- <br /> ! Year !! Award !! Category !! Film !! Result <br /> |- <br /> | 2019 || Karnataka State Award || Excellence in Cinematography || || {{won}} <br /> |- <br /> | 2019 || Wonder Women Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijays-wife-ajiths-viswasam-director-rashmika-keerthy-suresh-celebs-wonder-women-awards-807492 |title=From Vijay's wife to Ajith's Viswasam director, Rashmika Mandanna to Keerthy Suresh, celebs galore at WW Awards |work=International Business Times |date=21 October 2019 |accessdate=3 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Best Cinematography || || {{won}} <br /> |- <br /> | 2020 || Inspirational Global Woman Award || Cinematography || || {{won}} <br /> |- <br /> | 2021 || JFW Movie Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pics-aishwarya-rajesh-aparna-balamurali-dhee-and-many-others-win-jfw-awards-145505 |title=In pics: Aishwarya Rajesh, Aparna Balamurali, Dhee and many others win JFW Awards |work=The News Minute |date=18 March 2021 |accessdate=3 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Best Cinematographer || ''[[Vaanam Kottatum]]'' || {{won}} <br /> |- <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|1116240}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaraman, Preetha}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women cinematographers]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada film cinematographers]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]<br /> [[Category:Film people from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Artists from Chennai]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuldeep_Singh_Dhillon&diff=511018 2026-04-28T04:10:57Z

<p>Aranyam: added bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Member of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]]<br /> | term_start = 23 November 2024<br /> | term_end = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | predecessor = [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Kuldeep Singh Dhillon''' also known as '''Kuldeep Singh Dhillon Kaala Dhillon''' is an Indian politician from Punjab. He is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]] since November 2024, representing [[Barnala Assembly constituency]] as a member of [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Barnala Bypoll Election Result 2024 LIVE: Kuldeep Singh Dhillon Kala Dhillon of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/barnala-bypoll-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130418.html |website=News18 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Party spoiler: AAP loses its Barnala bastion after 10 yrs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/congress-snatches-barnala-from-aap-in-shocking-by-poll-upset/articleshow/115611974.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=23 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=AAP Wins 3 Seats, Congress 1 In Punjab Bypolls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-bypoll-election-results-2024-in-punjab-bypolls-aap-ahead-in-3-seats-congress-leading-in-one-7085478/amp/1 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was preceded by [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]].<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dhillon, Kuldeep Singh}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]<br /> {{improve categories|date=November 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{PunjabIN-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apara_Mehta&diff=487102 2026-04-26T00:41:53Z

<p>Aranyam: made some article w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian television and Bollywood actress (born 1960)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Apara Mehta<br /> | image = Apara Mehta attend the special screening of Happy Family – Conditions Apply (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Mehta in 2023<br /> | birth_name = Apara Mehta<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | othername = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | occupation = [[Actress]]<br /> | years_active = 1975–present<br /> | parents = Ushakant Mehta (Father) and Mandakini Mehta (Mother)<br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Darshan Jariwala]]|1980|2003|end=separated}}<br /> | children = Khushali Jariwala<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Apara Mehta''' is an [[Indian television]] and [[Bollywood]] actress most famously known for playing Tulsi's mother in law Savita Mansukh Virani in the iconic show ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-apara-mehta-386851 |title=Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi had a lot of soul, says Apara Mehta |publisher=India TV |access-date=8 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}<br /> Born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, Apara is the only child of her parents, and no stranger to being a performing artist. She started learning classical music and Kathak from a young age.<br /> At the age of 15, she hosted a children's television programme for Ahmedabad Doordarshan.<br /> <br /> In 1980 she married Indian television and film personality [[Darshan Jariwala]], with whom she has one daughter. The two have mutually separated but are not legally divorced. Excerpts about their personal life were shown in the reality show ''Maa Exchange'', which aired on Sony Entertainment Television.<br /> <br /> Her career naturally veered towards theatre as she married into a theatre family.<br /> <br /> ==Theatrical career==<br /> Mehta has worked on stage since 1981. She has acted in over 150 plays in various roles. She has found a constant career in plays.<br /> <br /> ==Television career==<br /> Apara started her television career anchoring a children's programme called ''Santakukdi'' for Mumbai Doordarshan at the age of 15. Her first major break was in ''[[Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka (TV series)|Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka]]'' (1999), in which she played Paro. Her greater success came with [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s blockbuster ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000-06), in which she played Savita Mansukh Virani (mother-in-law of lead character Tulsi) on [[StarPlus]]. She then appeared in a negative role as Kukki Kaaki in ''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar|Saat Phere]]'' (2006) and other soaps like ''Parrivaar'' (2007), ''[[Dhak Dhak In Dubai]]'' (2007), ''Dillagi'', ''[[Alpviram]]'', ''Hum Hain Anari,'' ''[[Love Marriage (TV series)|Love Marriage]]'' and ''Chandan Ka Palna''. She also did comedy roles in ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]]'' (2009-12) as Damini Devi Diwan, ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]]'' (2012) as Pari on [[SAB TV]] and as Leela in ''Hamari Saas Leela'' (2011) on [[Colors TV]].<br /> <br /> She also played supporting roles in some [[Bollywood]] films. She played a role in ''[[Firangi Bahu]]'' on [[Colors TV]]. She used to appear in ''Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai'' as Basundi on [[SAB TV]]. She was on the weekend horror/thriller fiction show ''[[Qayamat Ki Raat]]'' on [[Star Plus]] in 2018. She appeared in ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' (2021), ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'' (2018) and ''Sai-Shraddha aur Saburi''. She played Manmita Chaddha in ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' (2021) and later appeared in ''[[Maddam Sir]]'' (2022).<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language <br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |1998<br /> |''[[Alpviram]]''<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;29&quot;|Hindi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1999<br /> |''[[Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka (TV series)|Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2000–2006<br /> |''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''<br /> |Savita Mansukh Virani<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2001<br /> |''[[Chandan Ka Palna Resham Ki Dori]]''<br /> |Kusum<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> |''[[Khichdi]]''<br /> |<br /> |Guest Appearance<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2006<br /> |''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar|Saat Phere]]''<br /> |Kukki Kaki<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2007<br /> |''Parrivaar''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dhak Dhak In Dubai]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009–2012<br /> |''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]]''<br /> |Damini Devi Diwan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2011<br /> |''[[Hamari Saas Leela]]''<br /> |Leela<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2012–2013<br /> |''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]''<br /> |Suhasi Alok Singh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2012<br /> |''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]]''<br /> |Pari<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2013–2014<br /> |''[[Firangi Bahu]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2014–2016<br /> |''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Apara Mehta in Jamai Raja |url=http://www.mytrendyzone.com/tv/jamai-raja-serial-apara-mehta-play-nia-sharmas-dadi/ |publisher=MyTrendyZone |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221155/http://www.mytrendyzone.com/tv/jamai-raja-serial-apara-mehta-play-nia-sharmas-dadi/ |archivedate=12 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Alaknanda<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai''<br /> |Basundi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2016<br /> |''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]]''<br /> |Mrs. Dilwale<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naya Mahisagar]]''<br /> |Tiwari Mehta<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Brahmarakshas (TV series)|Brahmarakshas]]''<br /> |Jasmit<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''[[Bakula Bua Ka Bhoot]]''<br /> |Rekha<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018<br /> |''[[Qayamat Ki Raat]]''<br /> |Madhuri Thakur<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''<br /> |Alpaa<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2021<br /> |''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' <br /> |<br /> |Cameo <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Indiawaali Maa|Indiawali Maa]]'' <br /> |Kesar Masi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]''<br /> |Manmita Chaddha<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2022<br /> |''[[Maddam Sir]]'' <br /> |Sarita Singh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jai Hanuman - Sankat Mochan Naam Tiharo]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/apara-mehta-it-was-difficult-to-work-in-a-gaon-for-jai-hanuman/videoshow/93751252.cms |title=Apara Mehta: It was difficult to work in a 'gaon' for Jai Hanuman &amp;#124; TV - Times of India Videos |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Maiya Kaki<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''[[Anupamaa]]''<br /> |Gurumaa Malti Devi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2024–2025<br /> |''United State Of Gujarat''<br /> |Indira<br /> |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]]'' <br /> |Savita Mansukh Virani<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Hindi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[Do Duniya Ek Dil]]''<br /> | Gauri Singh Chauhan <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> * ''[[Yeh Teraa Ghar Yeh Meraa Ghar]]'' (2001) - Dayashankar's elder sister<br /> * ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'' (2001) - Prostitute<br /> * ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)]]'' (2002) - Badi Aapa<br /> * ''[[Just Married (2007 film)|Just Married]]'' (2007)<br /> * ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' (2010) - Tabrez Mirza Khan's (Tees Maar Khan) mother<br /> * ''[[Bachubhai]]'' (2023) - Gujarati Film &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bachubhai/movieshow/101545554.cms |title=Bachubhai Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News &amp; Videos |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> 5.^https://www.gujaratnow.com/Apara-Mehta-37.html<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|0962574}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Apara}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1960 births]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bhavnagar]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naroda_Patiya_massacre&diff=520660 2026-04-23T23:20:48Z

<p>Aranyam: made new post w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Massacre during the 2002 Gujarat riots}}<br /> {{protection padlock|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]; requested at [[WP:RfPP]]|small=yes}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox Civil Conflict<br /> | title = Naroda Patiya massacre<br /> | partof = the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]<br /> | image = Ahmedabad riots1.jpg<br /> | caption = The skyline of [[Ahmedabad]] filled with smoke as buildings and shops are set on fire by rioting mobs.{{efn|The image is not of Naroda Patiya, however, it is kept for illustrative purpose since similar incidents were reported in the massacre.}}<br /> | alt = The image shows smoke rising from buildings and shops to the sky.<br /> | date = {{Start date|2002|02|28|df=y}}<br /> | place = [[Naroda]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23|3|45|N|72|38|42|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | result = Killing of 97 Muslims by [[Bajrang Dal]] rioters<br /> | methods = <br /> | side1 = <br /> | side2 = <br /> | side3 = <br /> | leadfigures1 = <br /> | leadfigures2 = <br /> | leadfigures3 = <br /> | howmany1 = Resident 2000+<br /> | howmany2 = Mob of 5000+ people<br /> | howmany3 = <br /> | casualties1 = '''Deaths'''&lt;br /&gt;97, including:&lt;br /&gt;36 women&lt;br /&gt;35 children&lt;br /&gt;26 men&lt;br /&gt;'''Injuries''': 30+<br /> | casualties2 = '''Initially accused''' (by [[Gujarat Police]]): 46&lt;br /&gt;'''Final accused''' (by [[Special Investigation Team (India)|Special Investigation Team]]): 70&lt;br /&gt;'''Accused died before trials''': 6&lt;br /&gt;'''Accused died during the trials''': 3&lt;br /&gt;'''Accused presented in court''': 61&lt;br /&gt;'''Accused freed on benefit of doubt''': 29'''&lt;br /&gt;Convicted''':32<br /> | casualties3 = <br /> | casualties_label = Casualties and accused<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Naroda Patiya massacre'''{{efn|Since most of the killings were done in Naroda Patiya, the incident was termed Naroda Patiya massacre instead of Naroda massacre.}} took place on 28 February 2002 at [[Naroda]],{{efn|The town Naroda consists of Naroda Patiya and Naroda Gaon, located 1 km away from each other.}} in [[Ahmedabad]], India, during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]. 97 [[Indian Muslim|Muslims]] were killed by a mob of approximately 5,000 people, organised by the [[Bajrang Dal]], a wing of the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]], and allegedly supported by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] which was in power in the [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat State Government]].{{efn|{{harvnb|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}, {{harvnb|Tehelka|2007 b}}, {{harvnb|Tehelka|2007 c}}, {{harvnb|Indian Express|2007 a}}, {{harvnb|The Hindu|2012 a}}, {{harvnb|Hindustan Times|2012 e}}}} The massacre at Naroda occurred during the [[bandh]] (strike) called by [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] a day after the [[Godhra train burning]].{{efn|The [[Godhra train burning]] incident was considered one of the root causes for the riots that began from 28 February. Thus the following incidents were collectively termed to be a part of &quot;post-Godhra riots&quot;}} The riot lasted over 10 hours, during which the mob plundered, stabbed, sexually assaulted, gang-raped and burnt people individually and in groups. After the conflict, a curfew was imposed in the state and [[Indian Army]] troops were called in to contain further violence.<br /> <br /> The communal violence at Naroda was deemed &quot;the largest single case of mass murder&quot; during the 2002 Gujarat riots; it accounted for the greatest number of deaths during a single event. Survivors faced socio-economic problems; many were left homeless, orphaned and injured. A number of shrines were destroyed and many schools were adversely affected, cancelled exams or closed entirely. The surviving victims were given shelter in relief camps provided by both the state and central government, and efforts were begun to restore destroyed properties and shrines. The state government formed a &quot;Gujarat state commission of inquiry&quot; for citizens to have a forum in which to make recommendations and suggest reforms. Mainstream media criticised the Gujarat government's handling of the riots; it was remarked that a number of news reports were exaggerated, and &quot;inflammatory headlines, stories and pictures&quot; were published, resulting in [[Islamophobia|anti-Muslim prejudice]] among the Hindu readership.<br /> <br /> Allegations were made against the state police, state government and the chief minister [[Narendra Modi]], alleging that government authorities were involved and various police personnel played a role in the massacre: a number of eyewitnesses reported police officers favouring the mob by allegedly injuring or killing Muslims and damaging public and private property. However, none of the allegations were proven and the government and police were cleared of wrongdoing by a Special Investigation Team. The initial report on the case was filed by the [[Gujarat police|Gujarat Police]], accusing 46 people, all of whom the Special Court deemed unreliable. In 2008, the [[Supreme Court of India]] formed a [[Special Investigation Team (India)|Special Investigation Team]] to investigate the case. In 2009, the team submitted its report, which accused 70 people of wrongdoing, 61 of whom were charged.{{efn|Six of the accused died before the trials and three others died during trials.}} On 29 August 2012, the Special Court convicted 32 people and acquitted 29 due to insufficient evidence. Among those convicted were [[Maya Kodnani]]{{spaced ndash}}former Cabinet Minister for Women and Child Development of Gujarat and former Bharatiya Janata Party [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Naroda{{spaced ndash}}who was sentenced to 28 years imprisonment, and Bajrang Dal's [[Babu Bajrangi]], who received a life sentence.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{main|Godhra train burning|Gulbarg Society massacre}}<br /> On 27 February 2002, the Godhra train burning incident initiated a series of riots in Gujarat. [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] and [[Kar Sevaks]] pilgrims returning from [[Ayodhya]] on the Sabarmati Express train were killed in a fire while stopped at [[Godhra]] station, causing the death of 58 Hindus, including 25 women and 15 children.{{sfn|Allan D. Cooper|2009|pp=183–84}}{{sfn|BBC|2011}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2011}} The cause of the attack has not been proven conclusively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Philippa |chapter=Hindu–Muslim Relations and the War on Terror |title=A Companion to the Anthropology of India |year=2011 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1405198929 |editor=Isabelle Clark-Decès |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98uLj5FpTHQC&amp;pg=RA9-PA1988 |page=1988}}: &quot;The fire was widely understood to have been started by Muslims, although this has never been conclusively proven.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara D. |url=http://apnaorg.com/books/english/concise-history-india/concise-history-india.pdf |title=A Concise History of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1107026490 |pages=299–300 |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429225106/http://apnaorg.com/books/english/concise-history-india/concise-history-india.pdf |url-status=live}}: &quot;The cause of the initial fire has not been determined, but it was almost certainly not deliberately set by Muslims on the station platform, as Hindus frequently alleged.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following the attack, false rumours were spread by a senior Vishwa Hindu Parishad leader that Muslims had kidnapped three Hindu girls during the incident.{{sfn|New York Times|2002 a}} Retaliatory attacks on Muslims began the same evening; a number of incidents in which Muslims were attacked and killed were reported in various cities in Gujarat before the Naroda incident.{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2002}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}<br /> <br /> The first attacks on the Muslim community occurred at Ahmedabad, where Hindu mobs began throwing stones and later burnt Gulbarg Society, a Muslim housing complex.{{sfn|New York Times|2002 a}} Violence spread to the largely rural districts of [[Panchmahal]], [[Mehsana]], [[Kheda]], [[Junagadh]], [[Banaskantha]], [[Patan district|Patan]], [[Anand district|Anand]] and [[Narmada district|Narmada]] the next day.{{sfn|Christophe Jaffrelot|2003}}<br /> <br /> ==The massacre==<br /> At the time of the riots [[Naroda|Naroda Patiya]] and Naroda Gam, a suburb {{Convert|1|km|mi}} from Naroda Patiya; both of which constitute the municipality of Naroda, located in [[Gujarat]]'s largest city, [[Ahmedabad]],{{sfn|World Gazetteer|2010}}{{sfn|Government of India|2011}}{{sfn|Census of India|2011}} had around 2,000 daily wage-earning Muslim inhabitants, and many immigrants from [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]].{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 a}}{{sfn|Tehelka|2007 a}} On the evening of 27 February 2002, [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] declared a statewide strike in response to the Godhra train burning incident, starting from 28 February.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} On the first day of the strike, a mob of approximately 5,000 people, allegedly led by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Bajrang Dal]], attacked and attempted to burn the entire Muslim community of Naroda Patiya.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} The rioting began at 9 am when the Noorani Mosque was destroyed by exploding [[liquified petroleum gas]] (LPG) cylinders.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2003|pp=16–29}}<br /> <br /> Cases of hacking, looting, stabbing and sexual assaults including public gang-rapes in which the victims were burnt, were reported.{{sfn|India Today|2012}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} Many people were burnt alive, individually or in groups by &quot;chasing them into huge pits&quot; and setting fire to them using LPG cylinders.&lt;!-- Not in cited source? --&gt;{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2003|pp=16–29}} Burnt bodies were also thrown in a dry well.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|India Today|2012}}{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} Women and girls were sexually assaulted, raped and killed by burning or by stabbing.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} [[Babu Bajrangi]] and a few others supplied weapons to the crowd, and Suresh Chara and others raped and killed women.{{sfn|India Today|2009}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 a}} LPG cylinders were used to destroy a number of buildings in the residential and working areas.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2003|pp=16–29}} The massacre lasted for over 10 hours and finally a curfew was imposed in 27 towns and cities across Gujarat.{{sfn|Asgharali Engineer|p=120|2002}}<br /> <br /> Most of the homes of Muslims in Naroda were burnt while Hindu homes remained undamaged.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} As the riots ended, it was estimated that around 125 people had been killed in the violence.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 a}}{{sfn|Parvis Ghassem-Fachand|2012|p=114}} After the rioting, 94 bodies were recovered; three more people were reported missing and were later declared dead.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} More than 30 people were found injured.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Tehelka|2007 a}}{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}} The dead{{spaced ndash}}all Muslims{{spaced ndash}}{{sfn|Pakistan Observer|2012}}comprised 36 women, 35 children and 26 men.{{sfn|Business Standard|2012}} The incident is considered to be the &quot;most gruesome of all post-Godhra violent incidents&quot; and &quot;the largest single case of mass murders&quot;, and claimed the highest number of lives of all the events during the Gujarat riots.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}}{{sfn|Yahoo lifestyle India|2012}}{{sfn|CNN-IBN|2012 a}}<br /> <br /> ==Attacks against women==<br /> A number of women and girls were raped, sexually assaulted and killed during the incident. Reports presented by Citizen's Initiative, and [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that out of the 36 women killed in the Naroda Patiya massacre, most were sexually assaulted before their deaths; surviving women also reported being assaulted.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}} According to Human Rights Watch, women and girls were &quot;brutally raped before being killed&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} Most of the rapes took place in public, and the victims were then killed and their bodies burnt.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}}{{sfn|Peoples' Union Civil Liberties|2002}} Among the women surviving in the relief camp, many suffered forms of sexual violence{{spaced ndash}}including rape, gang rape, mass rape, stripping, insertion of objects into their bodies and molestation. Citizens' initiative's report stated that &quot;A majority of rape victims have been burnt alive. There is evidence of State and Police complicity in perpetuating crimes against women. No effort was made to protect women. No Mahila (Women) policewomen were deployed. State and Police complicity is continuing as, women survivors continue to be denied the right to file [[First information report|FIRs]]. There is no existing institutional mechanism in Gujarat through which women can seek justice&quot;.{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}}<br /> <br /> According to Human Rights Watch, the abdomens of three pregnant women were cut open and the foetus removed and thrown into a fire.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|Interview|2012}} However, as per post mortem report of Kasur Bano it was reported that Bano died of shock and burn injuries also there were no external injuries found on her body, her fetus remained intact inside her womb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 March 2010 |title=Naroda Patya: Doc Says Kausar Banu Died of Burns |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/naroda-patya-doc-says-kausar-banu-died-of-burns/677068 |access-date=1 March 2021 |website=[[Outlook India]] |archive-date=14 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914175611/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/naroda-patya-doc-says-kausar-banu-died-of-burns/677068 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In an incident that came to light in 2007, Suresh Dedawala (Richard) alias Langado was caught on camera in a ''[[Tehelka]]'' sting operation talking to Bajarangi about slitting the belly of pregnant Muslim Kausar Banu, removing her foetus and killing it with a sword.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 a}}{{sfn|India Today|2012}} In 2020, the judge trying the case rejected the claim that Bajrangi had killed a foetus, while stating that Bajrangi had killed Kausar Banu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Manas |date=5 September 2012 |title=Judge rejects theory that Bajrangi killed foetus |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Judge-rejects-theory-that-Bajrangi-killed-foetus/article12614737.ece |access-date=24 September 2020 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727193833/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Judge-rejects-theory-that-Bajrangi-killed-foetus/article12614737.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> By the evening of 28 February, a curfew was imposed in 27 towns and cities of the state in an attempt to curb the violence.{{sfn|Asgharali Engineer|p=120|2002}} Over the next two days, [[Bharuch]], [[Rajkot]] and later [[Surat]] were hit.{{sfn|Christophe Jaffrelot|2003}} Approximately 151 towns and 993 villages in 16 of the state's 25 districts were affected by the post-Godhra violence, which was particularly severe in six districts.{{sfn|T K Oommen|2005|p=120}} The violence raged heavily between 28 February and 3 March 2002, slowed briefly, then restarted on 15 March and continued until mid-June.{{sfn|University of Washington Press|2005|pp=385–393}} Northern and central Gujarat and the [[north-eastern tribal belt]]{{spaced ndash}}which are closer to Godhra City{{spaced ndash}}were the worst affected while [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch]] remained relatively peaceful.{{sfn|T K Oommen|2005|p=120}} 1,000 [[Indian Army]] troops were flown in by the evening of 1 March to restore order. Intelligence officials alleged that the state government deliberately delayed the deployment.{{sfn|The Telegraph|2002}} On 3 May, former [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] [[Director general of police|DGP]] [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]] was appointed as security adviser to Modi.{{sfn|The Telegraph|2002}} The [[Government of Gujarat]] transferred several senior police officers, who had taken steps to contain and investigate violent attacks, to administrative positions.{{sfn|New York Times|2002 b}}{{sfn|Times of India|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Asian Age|2002 a}}<br /> <br /> According to an official estimate, 1,044 people were killed during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]{{spaced ndash}}790 Muslims and 254 Hindus. Another 223 people were reported missing, 2,548 were injured, 919 women were widowed and 606 children were orphaned.{{sfn|BBC|2005 a}}{{sfn|ExpressIndia|2005}}{{sfn|Indiainfo.com|2005}} When people missing after the riots were declared dead after seven years, total deaths rose from 1,044 to 1,267{{sfn|The Times of India|2009 a}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2009 b}} Unofficial estimates put the death toll closer to 5,000, with Muslims forming the majority.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 b}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2005}} Police records say that 298 [[dargah]]s, 205 mosques, 17 temples and three churches were damaged during the riots.{{sfn|The Times of India|2002 b}}<br /> <br /> Opposition parties and three coalition partners of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led central government demanded the dismissal of [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Gujarat Chief Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] for failing to contain the violence, with some calling for the removal of [[Union Home Minister]] [[L. K. Advani]] as well.{{sfn|The Hindu|2002 a}} On 18 July 2002, Modi asked the [[Governor of Gujarat]], [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]], to dissolve the state assembly and call fresh elections.{{sfn|BBC|2002}} The [[Indian Election Commission]] ruled out early elections, citing the prevailing law and order situation, a decision the [[Union government]] unsuccessfully appealed against in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]].{{sfn|CNN|2002}}{{sfn|New York Times|2002 c}} Elections were held in December and Modi returned to power.{{sfn|BBC|2005 b}}<br /> <br /> ===Rehabilitation of victims===<br /> Residents left homeless by the massacre were given shelter in relief camps constructed by the state government.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} On 16 March 2002, the state government formed an all-party committee consisting of 13 member and chaired by Bhandari to provide relief and rehabilitation to the victims of the riots.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Press Trust of India|2002 a}} Modi proposed to close the camps by the end of March but later decided not to close them.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 b}} Under pressure from the opposition party, the [[Indian National Congress]], the all-party committee reached a consensus to implement rehabilitation measures suggested by various non-governmental organisations which were to aid people to build houses.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Hindu|2002 b}}<br /> <br /> ===Effects on children and education===<br /> A number of children were killed, injured or orphaned by the violence.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}}{{sfn|Associated Press|2002 a}}{{sfn|Business Standard|2012}} Organisations such as Citizens' Initiative reported that the violence resulted in the disturbance of children's studies and that there was a lack of counselling.{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}} Students at [[Gujarat University]] were unable to take examinations, which were cancelled due to the chances of disruption. While other schools in the state had to postpone or cancel exams, it was reported that some schools held examinations under police protection.{{sfn|The Times of India|2002 c}} It was also reported that many students were forced to leave their studies due to lack of funds or to earn a livelihood because they had lost income-earning members of their families.{{sfn|Associated Press|2002 a}}<br /> <br /> ===Restoration of shrines===<br /> A number of darghas, including a 500-year-old heritage [[masjid]] in [[Isanpur]], and many mosques in Naroda were destroyed in the rioting.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Ahmedabad Mirror|2012|pp=4–5}} In 2003, a petition was filed in [[Gujarat High Court]] by advocate Yusuf Muchhala on behalf of the Islamic Relief Committee, asking the court to direct the state to restore the religious shrines destroyed during the violence.{{sfn|Ahmedabad Mirror|2012|pp=4–5}} In response to the petition, the Gujarat government stated that, &quot;as a secular state, they cannot aid any community to re-build shrines&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} On 8 February 2012, the High Court directed the state government to rebuild the shrines, and said it was the state's &quot;constitutional responsibility to restore the shrines&quot;.{{sfn|Ahmedabad Mirror|2012|pp=4–5}} The matter went to the Supreme Court, which refused to stay the order.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 f}}<br /> <br /> ==Response by the government of Gujarat==<br /> {{Over-quotation|date=February 2026}}<br /> The state government stated that the massacre was &quot;a spontaneous reaction to the Godhra train carnage and the state government and ruling party had nothing to do with it&quot;.{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 b}} On 1 March 2002, Modi, talking about the violence, said that he tried everything to control the &quot;riots resulting from the natural and justified anger of people&quot;,{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Asian Age|2002 b}} &quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Baldauf|2002}} Referring to the massacre, Modi said, &quot;The five crore (50 million) people of Gujarat have shown remarkable restraint under grave provocation&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}<br /> <br /> The state government appointed a &quot;Gujarat state commission of inquiry&quot; to investigate the case and give recommendations. The committee was chaired by retired Gujarat High Court judge K.G. Shah. The formation of the committee raised concerns about delays in implementing recommendations because two similar reports about reforms, by the Reddy and Dave commissions, had been pending implementation since 1969 and 1985 respectively.{{sfn|The Times of India|2002 d}} The government of Gujarat presented its report to [[National Human Rights Commission of India]], justifying its role and stating its findings about the massacre.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Hindu}} The state government's report did not mention the involvement of Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal activists, despite statements by numerous eyewitnesses. The report also included, according to Human Rights Watch, a &quot;grossly under-counted&quot; total of the shrines destroyed in the violence.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Ahmedabad Mirror|2012|pp=4–5}}<br /> <br /> ==Role played by media==<br /> Television and newspaper reports, particularly local Gujarati-language media, carried graphic and at times sensationalised images and accounts of the Godhra train fire and Naroda Patiya massacre.{{sfn|The Hindu|2002 c}} This was the first major communal violence after the advent of satellite television in India. Television news channels identified the community of those involved in the violence, breaking a long-standing practice and setting a precedent.{{sfn|Sonwalkar, Prasun|2006}} Critical reporting on the Gujarat government's handling of the situation helped bring about the Indian government's intervention in controlling the violence.{{sfn|Sonwalkar, Prasun|2006}} The Gujarat government banned television news channels that were critical of its response; [[STAR News]], [[Zee News]], [[Aaj Tak]], [[CNN]] and local stations were blocked.{{sfn|Sonwalkar, Prasun|2006}} The Editorial Guild of India rejected the charge that graphic news coverage aggravated the situation, saying that the coverage exposed the horrors of the riots and the &quot;supine if not complicit&quot; attitude of the state, helping propel remedial action. The team also faulted Gujarati-language newspapers ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'' and the pro-[[Hindutva]] ''[[Sandesh (newspaper)|Sandesh]]'' for distorted and provocative reporting.{{sfn|Sonwalkar, Prasun|2006}} Rather than Naroda Patiya, the Godhra train fire was extensively covered until the subsequent violence and the presentation of the Union budget overtook it.{{sfn|Sonwalkar, Prasun|2006}}<br /> <br /> Modi said that the media had exaggerated while covering the extent of violence and criticised the media for &quot;provoking the violence by naming the religion of victims&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Associated Press|2002 b}} Newspapers, particularly ''Sandesh'', were reported by various organisations to have published &quot;inflammatory headlines, stories and pictures&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|People's Union Civil Liberties|2002}} A headline in ''Sandesh'' on 28 February 2002 read, &quot;Avenge Blood With Blood&quot;.{{sfn|Sandesh|2002 a}} After the massacre, when Muslims had returned from [[Hajj]], ''Sandesh'' had published the headline, &quot;Hindus Beware: Hajj pilgrims return with deadly conspiracy&quot;, which caused terror among the returning Muslim community, and they were escorted by Army officials to their homes and were given protection to avoid attacks.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|People's Union Civil Liberties|2002}}{{sfn|Sandesh|2002 b}} A report by the [[People's Union for Civil Liberties]] stated, &quot;Major effect of media under long period has been to feed on the prevalent anti-Muslim prejudices of its Hindu readership and provoke it further by sensationalizing, twisting, mangling and distorting news or what passes for it.&quot;{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|People's Union Civil Liberties|2002}}<br /> <br /> In its 2007 expose [[The Truth: Gujarat 2002 - Tehelka report]], the political weekly ''Tehelka'' released hidden camera footage of several members of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and the Bajrang Dal admitting their role in the riots.{{sfn|Tehelka|2007 b}}{{sfn|Indian Express|2007 a}} While the report was criticised for being politically motivated,{{sfn|The Hindu|2009}}{{sfn|Outlook India|2007}}{{sfn|Asian Tribune|2007}} some newspapers said the revelations simply reinforced what was common knowledge.{{sfn|Indian Express|2007 a}}{{sfn|Times of India|2007}}{{sfn|Indian Express|2007 b}} Several inaccuracies in the statements cast doubt on the sting operation. Bajrangi and Suresh Richard said that Narendra Modi visited Naroda Patiya a day after the massacre to thank them, but the official record shows that Modi did not visit Naroda Patiya. The Gujarat government blocked cable news channels from broadcasting the expose, an action which was criticised by the Editors Guild of India.{{sfn|The Hindu|2007}}<br /> <br /> ==Allegations==<br /> <br /> === State Police and SPR ===<br /> It was alleged that the police helped the mob against the Muslim community on the day of massacre. Evidence included complaints filed by victims' family members which state that police officials fired bullets and helped the mob, resulting in the killings.{{sfn|The Week}} It was also alleged that police guided the mob of rioters to residents' hiding places.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|The Week}} According to [[Human Rights Watch]], the police did nothing as houses and people were burnt and, on the day of the violence, did not respond to telephone calls until the massacre ended.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} Numerous eyewitnesses saw police aiming tear gas shells at, and firing upon, Muslim youths who tried to defend themselves or others.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|Interview|2012}}{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}} There also have been allegations that police themselves burnt houses and plundered.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|Interview|2012}}{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 a}} In the violence, the extensive use of [[liquefied petroleum gas]] (LPG) was reported, which was cited as evidence of the involvement of officials because of easy access to it.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2003|pp=16–29}}{{sfn|SAHMAT|2012}}<br /> <br /> A report based on eyewitness statements submitted by the Citizens' Initiative to the [[National Human Rights Commission of India]] states that the State Reserve Police (SRP), a force of specially trained emergency police, were seen chasing the victims and helping the rioters rather than calming the situation.{{sfn|Citizens' Initiative|2002 b}} According to Human Rights Watch, some victims said that they were able to handle the crowd but when police and SRP joined in, it became difficult as the police sided with the rioters and fired on Muslim residents.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2003|pp=16–29}} The state government denied these allegations; Modi said that police fired to &quot;contain outbreaks of violence&quot; and added that they had &quot;mowed down people to quell the violence&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Press Trust of India|2002 b}} The Special Investigation Team also defended the role played by officials and said that everything was done to stop the violence.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 c}}{{sfn|The Economic Times|2012}}<br /> <br /> ===Narendra Modi and State government===<br /> {{Over-quotation|date=February 2026}}<br /> Human Rights Watch and other Indian human rights groups alleged that the Gujarat government authorities and police helped the mob on the day of violence in Naroda.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|University of Michigan|2007|pp=24–33}}{{sfn|Ramesh N. Rao|Koenraad Elst|2003|p=189}}{{sfn|Steven Wilkinson|2005|p=119}}{{sfn|Harsh Dobhal|p=36}} Human Rights Watch found evidence that the state government helped the mob in the attacks because action by police and other officials was delayed and &quot;less effective&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 c}} A Bharatiya Janata Party insider alleged to Human Rights Watch that Narendra Modi and state government were involved in the riots, stating; &quot;Insiders in the Bharatiya Janta Party admit that the police were under instructions of Narendra Modi administration not to act firmly&quot;.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} Celia Dugger of the ''[[New York Times]]'' reported that witnesses were &quot;dismayed by the lack of intervention from local police&quot;, who often &quot;watched the events taking place and took no action against the attacks on Muslims and their property&quot;.{{sfn|New York Times|2002 d}}<br /> <br /> [[Babu Bajrangi]], the Bajrang Dal leader that was one of the main organisers of the massacre, has stated that he called the State's Home minister [[Gordhan Zadaphia]] at the end of the day and told him everything that had happened. Zadaphia is said to have advised him to leave the State and go into hiding. He also stated that a State Reserve Police officer that made a statement against him was promoted by Narendra Modi, which &quot;silenced him.&quot;{{sfn|Tehelka|2007 c}} [[Maya Kodnani]], a BJP legislator described as the &quot;kingpin of the violence&quot; by Judge Yagnik, was later appointed as a Minister for Women and Child Welfare in Narendra Modi's government. Cell phone records showed that she was in touch with the Chief Minister's Office, the Home Minister as well as top police officials during the massacres.{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 e}} The Chief Minister's office was also in touch with other rioters Tanmay Mehta, Sanjay Bhavsar and Anil Mukim.{{sfn|Aakar Patel|2012}}<br /> <br /> Modi and the state government denied any involvement in the riots.{{sfn|The Washington Post|2012}} On 10 April 2012, the Special Investigation Team cleared Modi and the government in the riot cases, stating that, &quot;Law and order review meetings were held by Modi and all the things was done to control the situation&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;the Army was called on time to contain the communal violence. Modi was busy with steps to control the situation, establishment of relief camps for riot victims and also with efforts to restore peace and normalcy.&quot;{{sfn|The Economic Times|2012}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 c}}<br /> <br /> An affidavit was filed in the Supreme Court on the basis of a report on testimony of suspended [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer [[Sanjiv Bhatt]] that Modi ordered top police officers not to take active actions in the riots.{{sfn|The Economic Times|2012}} Bhatt said that on the night of 27 February 2002, Modi said that &quot;Hindus must be allowed to carry out retaliatory violence against Muslims.&quot; The report filed by [[Raju Ramachandran]], a Supreme Court lawyer and an ''[[amicus curiae]]'', alleged that Modi &quot;gave instructions to top police officers to go slow on rioters&quot;. On 7 May 2012, Ramachandran said that Modi can be prosecuted under sections 153 A (1) (a) &amp; (b), 153 B (1), 166 and 505 (2) of the [[Indian Penal Code]] for promoting enmity among different groups during the 2002 Gujarat riots, including the Naroda incident.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 c}} The Special Investigation Team criticised the amicus report for relying heavily on Bhatt's testimony, who according to the Special Investigation Team (SIT) was an &quot;unreliable witness&quot; as he remained silent for nine years. The report was rejected by the team and according to the SIT, &quot;No case can be made out against Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi in connection with the 2002 communal riots under any of the Sections of the Indian Penal Code mentioned by him [Ramachandran]&quot;.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 d}}<br /> <br /> ==Investigations==<br /> <br /> ===Initial investigation===<br /> <br /> As the investigations began, some victims reported that the [[Gujarat Police]] &quot;didn't cooperate well&quot; and declined to lodge a [[First Information Report]] against some people. Later the police filed all complaints and presented their first report.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|2002 a}} The police accused and arrested 46 persons in the case;{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}} however, the investigation was criticised by the Special Court and was considered &quot;unreliable as the investigator's propriety in recording the statements had itself been rebutted.&quot;{{sfn|DNA India|2012 c}}<br /> <br /> ===Special Investigation Team report===<br /> In 2008, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed that the case be transferred from police investigation to a committee appointed by the court, the [[Special Investigation Team (India)|Special Investigation Team]], because the police had become one of the riot cases. The team was led by ex-[[Central Bureau of Investigation]] director R. K. Raghavan, and the case was the sixth Gujarat riots case assigned to them for investigation.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}} Taking into account the findings about telephone records of various activists, Kodnani and other major leaders were included in the report for the first time.{{sfn|Ahmedabad Mirror|2012|pp=4–5}} The Special Investigation Team's findings added 24 more names to the 46 people arrested by the police. Before the trial began, 6 of the accused died.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}} In 2009 the trial started, during which three of the accused died, thus the final report covered 61 people.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}}<br /> <br /> The report said that Kodnani, Bajrangi and other leaders had led violence as well as &quot;instigating the mob&quot;.{{sfn|Economic times of India|2009}} Kodnani's telephone records revealed that she had made calls to the Chief Minister's Office (CMO) on the day of the massacre and that her telephone was located at places where the violence occurred. She had also contacted numerous police officials, especially K.K. Mysorewala, the police inspector in charge of Naroda at the time of the massacre. Her logs also revealed that she had received calls from the CMO and other police officers, the reasons for which are unknown.{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 c}}<br /> <br /> ==Trial==<br /> The court examined 327 witnesses, including eyewitnesses, victims, doctors, police personnel, government officials, and forensic experts.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}} The special public case was prosecuted by Akhil Desai and Gaurang Vyas.{{sfn|DNA India|2012 b}}<br /> <br /> ===The judgement===<br /> The first verdict in the trial case was handed down on 29 August 2012 by Judge [[Jyotsna Yagnik]]. The special trial court convicted [[Maya Kodnani]], the sitting [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] MLA from Naroda and former Minister for Women and Child Development of Gujarat,{{sfn|Economic times of India|2009}} and [[Bajrang Dal]] politician [[Babu Bajrangi]] under [[Indian Penal Code]] Section 120 B (criminal conspiracy) and 302 (murder). It also convicted 30 other people of murder, criminal conspiracy and other criminal charges, and acquitted 29 accused, giving them the benefit of the doubt as there was lack of evidence against them.{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 r}}{{sfn|CNN-IBN|2012 a}} Kodnai was the first woman, MLA and minister to be convicted in the Gujarat riot case.{{sfn|Zee news|2012 a}} Suresh Dedawala (Richard) alias Langado and accomplices were convicted of rape and murder along with accomplices.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 a}}{{sfn|India Today|2012}}<br /> <br /> The prosecution requested the death penalty for all the convicts.{{sfn|NDTV|2012}} Sentencing took place on 31 August: Kodani was given a 28-year prison term, and received two sentences; the first for 10 years under Indian Penal Code Section 326 (voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means) and the second for 18 years under Section 302 (murder) and others. Her sentences are set to run consecutively, making a total of 28 years. Bajrangi received life imprisonment. Of the rest of the 30 convicted, 22 were sentenced to a minimum of 14 years and 7 to a minimum of 21 years in prison; they included Naresh Chara, Morli Sindhi, Haresh Rathod, Suresh Langado, Premchand Tiwari, Manojbhai Sindhi Kukrani and Bipin Panchal. One of the convicted, Suresh alias Shahjad Nekalkar, absconded and his sentencing was deferred.{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}}{{sfn|CNN-IBN|2012 b}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 e}}<br /> <br /> The original case in the Trial court had 61 accused. In August 2012, 32 were found guilty and 29 were acquitted. The accused appealed Gujarat High Court. On an April 2018 ruling on the appeals, the High Court convicted 16, among them Bajrangi, while 18 others including Kodnani were acquitted. Three of the thirteen convicted were sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment, nine were sentenced to 21 years of rigorous imprisonment and one was sentenced to 10 years in jail.&lt;ref name=&quot;HC_judgement&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Gujarat HC awards 10-year jail term to three convicts in Naroda Patiya massacre case |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-hc-awards-10-year-ri-to-three-convicts-in-naroda-patiya-case/article24252761.ece?homepage=true |access-date=25 June 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 June 2018 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005053300/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-hc-awards-10-year-ri-to-three-convicts-in-naroda-patiya-case/article24252761.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Comments about Kodnani===<br /> <br /> Kodnani said that she had never been to Naroda and had become a &quot;victim of politics&quot;.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 g}} Judge Yagnik described her as the &quot;kingpin of the violence&quot;,{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 g}}{{sfn|Rediff news|2012}}{{sfn|Indian Express|2012}} and as the 37 months of trials ended, the court said in a statement that Kodnani had received help from the state government, and efforts had been made to avoid her name appearing on the list of accused.{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 g}}{{sfn|Rediff news|2012}}{{sfn|Indian Express|2012}} The statement said, &quot;Kodnani was tremendously favoured by the then investigating agencies (before the Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team took over). All care, at the cost of the duty of the investigating officer and even the interest of the victims, was taken to see to it that Kodnani's involvement does not come on the books. This, in fact, comes in the way to believe that Kodnani was ever a victim of any politics.&quot;{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 g}}{{sfn|Rediff news|2012}}{{sfn|Indian Express|2012}}<br /> <br /> In the verdict, the special court criticised the initial investigation and the police for &quot;not doing any policing during the 2002 riots and then deliberately conducting poor investigations.&quot;{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 d}} The verdict said that statements of witnesses recorded by the Gujarat police were &quot;unreliable as the investigator's propriety in recording the statements had itself been rebutted.&quot;{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 d}}{{sfn|DNA India|2012 c}} The special court judge also criticised Mysorewala's actions in investigation, and said that &quot;Mysorewala and his force were totally inactive on all fronts and in every aspect.&quot;{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 d}} The court added that: &quot;No doubt, it was an elephantine task to investigate the kind of crimes, but then it cannot be believed that the senior Investigating Officers, having experience, do not know what should be the priorities in such kind of investigation. But, it seems that they must have been over-shadowed by some element&quot;{{sfn|The Times of India|2012 d}}<br /> <br /> ===Responses to verdict===<br /> Residents in the city, including the victims, appreciated the judgement and celebrated.{{sfn|Pune Mirror|2012}}{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2012 d}} [[Digvijaya Singh|Digvijay Singh]] of the Indian National Congress welcomed the verdict and statement of Modi's role in the riots and said, &quot;Now it is proved that ministers and officials of BJP were involved in Gujarat riots and all this happened under the guidance of Modi&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;can any minister (take part in riots) do this without the support of the Chief Minister?&quot;{{sfn|Zee news|2012 b}} Modi, in response to the sentencing of Kodnani{{spaced ndash}}who was a minister in his cabinet{{spaced ndash}}refused to apologise, stating that his government had played no role in the riot.{{sfn|The Washington Post|2012}} Jaynarayan Vyas, spokesman for the cabinet of the Gujarat government, said that it was not involved and was not responsible for the actions of Kodnani: &quot;Ms. Kodnani, a practising gynaecologist, was not a Minister at the time of the massacre and was only an MLA, and her individual action could not be construed as a 'cumulative responsibility of the Cabinet'.&quot;{{sfn|The Hindu|2012 a}}<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> <br /> * [[L2: Empuraan]] is a 2025 Malayalam movie which is loosely based on the 2002 riots. One of the antagonistic characters in the film is named &quot;Baba Bajrangi&quot;, which some viewers have interpreted as an allusion to [[Bajrang Dal]] leader [[Babu Bajrangi]], a convicted figure involved in the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] who was sentenced to life imprisonment for masterminding the Naroda Patiya massacre.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 March 2025 |title=L2 Empuraan: Why Mohanlal's latest film has sparked a controversy |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g2djqxjj7o |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=31 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331230350/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g2djqxjj7o |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|India|2000s<br /> }}<br /> * [[List of massacres in India]]<br /> * [[List of riots]]<br /> * [[Anti-Muslim violence in India]]<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=20em}}<br /> <br /> ===Sources===<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Allan D. |title=The Geography of Genocide |pages=183–84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uyh8kdcuA1kC |publisher=University Press of America |location=Lanham, Maryland |year=2009 |isbn=9780761840978 |ref={{sfnRef |Allan D. Cooper |2009 |pp=183–84}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=India Godhra train blaze verdict: 31 convicted |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12534127 |access-date=14 September 2012 |publisher=BBC |date=22 February 2011 |ref={{sfnRef |BBC |2011}} |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828225948/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12534127 |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Death-for-11-life-sentence-for-20-in-Godhra-train-burning-case/articleshow/7600059.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104231901/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-01/india/28643060_1_haji-billa-godhra-train-rajjak-kurkur |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=Death for 11, life sentence for 20 in Godhra train burning case |date=1 March 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2011}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |author=Dugger, Celia W. |title=2000 Are Dead in 3-Day Riot of Revenge in West India |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 March 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |New York Times |2002 a}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Time Line |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |ref={{sfnRef |Hindustan Times |2002}}}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Fédération internationale des droits de l'homme |title=India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VchMadXy1fkC |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=1 September 2012 |pages=15–21 |id=GGKEY:EQHFE690BBG |ref={{sfnRef |Human Rights Watch |2002 a}} |year=1999 }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |title=Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk? |author=Christophe Jaffrelot |journal=Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics |publisher=South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg |date=July 2003 |url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/volltexte/2003/4127/pdf/hpsacp17.pdf |issue=17 |access-date=4 February 2011 |ref={{sfnRef |Christophe Jaffrelot |2003}} 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post-godhra justifies violence as natural and spontaneous and there will be reaction to any action |year=2002}}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Pathak |first=Anil |title=Traditional hot-beds of strife remain relatively quiet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Traditional-hot-beds-of-strife-remain-relatively-quiet/articleshow/2705837.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103173941/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-04/ahmedabad/27139598_1_walled-city-rath-yatra-sensitive-areas |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |access-date=13 September 2012 |date=4 March 2002 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2002 d}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Modya |first=Anjali |title=Gujarat report-whitewashing reality? |url=http://hindu.com/2002/04/05/stories/2002040504681100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112015759/http://www.hindu.com/2002/04/05/stories/2002040504681100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2013 |access-date=12 September 2012 |quote=The gory details of the Godhra incident, depicting charred bodies through the electronic media, aroused passions of the people of Gujarat on a very large scale. In the wake of the call for 'Gujarat bandh' and the possible fall-out of the Godhra incident, the State Government took all possible precautions. However, on account of widespread reporting in the media, incidents of violence on a large-scale started occurring in Ahmedabad, Baroda... Crowds that assembled in the towns were huge and consisted of higher and middle class people. It became difficult even to implement the curfew. Due to timely measures taken by the State Government, major incidents were contained within 72 hours and normality and confidence of the public were restored |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu}} |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 April 2002 }}<br /> * {{Cite book |first=Prasun |last=Sonwalkar |editor-last=Cole |editor-first=Benjamin |contribution=Shooting the messenger? Political violence, Gujarat 2002 and the Indian news media |title=Conflict, Terrorism and the Media in Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictterroris00cole |url-access=limited |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/conflictterroris00cole/page/n92 82]–97 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415351987 |ref={{sfnRef |Sonwalkar, Prasun |2006}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=An ounce of image, a pound of performance |author=Sevanti Ninan |date=28 April 2002 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/04/28/stories/2002042800010100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627235240/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/04/28/stories/2002042800010100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 June 2003 |location=Chennai, India |access-date=4 February 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu |2002 c}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Sanyal |first=Rupak |title=Police beatup journalist as Hidu activists disrupt aidmeeting |agency=Associated Press |date=8 April 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |Associated Press |2002 b}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Role of newspapers during the Gujarat Carnage |publisher=People's Union Civil Liberties |date=5 April 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |People's Union Civil Liberties |2002}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Avenge Blood With Blood |newspaper=Sandesh |date=28 February 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |Sandesh |2002 a}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Hindus Beware: Huj pilgrims return with deadly conspiracy |newspaper=Sandesh |date=March 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |Sandesh |2002 b}}}}<br /> * {{cite web |title=Gujarat 2002: The Truth in the words of the men who did it |work=Tehelka |date=3 November 2007 |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107gujrat_sec.asp |access-date=4 February 2011 |ref={{sfnRef |Tehelka |2007 b}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027025856/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107gujrat_sec.asp |archive-date=27 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Sting traps footsoldiers of Gujarat riots allegedly boasting about killings with state support |work=Indian Express |location=India |date=26 October 2007 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/232545.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417200637/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/232545.html |archive-date=17 April 2008 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnRef |Indian Express |2007 a}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Tehelka sting a political conspiracy: Shiv Sena |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/001200710271941.htm |access-date=11 September 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226233414/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/001200710271941.htm |archive-date=26 December 2008 |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu |2009}} |url-status=usurped }}<br /> * {{cite magazine |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20071112&amp;fname=Cover+Story+(F)&amp;sid=6 |title=A Sting Without Venom |magazine=Outlook India |date=12 November 2007 |ref={{sfnRef |Outlook India |2007}} |access-date=2 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105061447/http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20071112&amp;fname=Cover%2BStory%2B%28F%29&amp;sid=6 |archive-date=5 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}<br /> * {{cite web |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/8454 |title=Godhra Carnage Vs. Pundits Exodus |work=Asian Tribune |date=29 November 2007 |ref={{sfnRef |Asian Tribune |2007}} |access-date=2 September 2012 |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302164245/http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/8454 |url-status=dead }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Polls don't tell whole story |location=India |date=October 2007 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Polls-dont-tell-whole-story/articleshow/2500634.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023235513/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-30/edit-page/27965541_1_gujarat-assembly-tehelka-tapes-narendra-modi |url-status=live |archive-date=23 October 2012 |first1=Kingshuk |last1=Nag |access-date=4 February 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |Times of India |2007}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Ghosts don't lie |work=Indian Express |location=India |date=27 October 2007 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/232757.html |access-date=4 February 2011 |ref={{sfnRef |Indian Express |2007 b}} |archive-date=9 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709090641/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/232757.html |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Editors Guild condemns Gujarat action |date=30 October 2007 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/30/stories/2007103055681200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101035658/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/30/stories/2007103055681200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2007 |location=Chennai, India |access-date=4 February 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu |2007}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Women's Perspective |publisher=Peoples' Union Civil Liberties |location=Vadodra |date=13 April 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |Peoples' Union Civil Liberties |2002}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Human Rights Watch interview (name withheld) |publisher=Human Rights Watch |ref={{sfnRef |Human Rights Watch |Interview |2012}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Mahapatra |first=Dhananjay |title=NGOs, Teesta spiced up Gujarat riot incidents: SIT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NGOs-Teesta-spiced-up-Gujarat-riot-incidents-SIT/articleshow/4396986.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811112141/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-14/india/28031729_1_riot-cases-r-k-raghavan-riot-victims |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=19 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 August 2012 }}<br /> * {{cite news |author=Malekar |title=Silence of the lamb |work=The Week |ref={{sfnRef |The Week}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Ethnic cleansing in Ahmedabad: A primary report |publisher=SAHMAT |date=10–11 March 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |SAHMAT |2012}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Asking for appropriate action in communal riots |publisher=Citizens' Initiative |ref={{sfnRef |Citizens' Initiative |2002 b}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Seven Hindus Killed in Udhampur attack |agency=Press Trust of India |ref={{sfnRef |Press Trust of India |2002 b}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Narendra Modi gets clean chit in SIT report on Gujarat riots, Zakia Jafri vows to continue her fight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Narendra-Modi-gets-clean-chit-in-SIT-report-on-Gujarat-riots-Zakia-Jafri-vows-to-continue-her-fight/articleshow/12612345.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617140643/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-10/india/31318417_1_zakia-jafri-gulberg-closure-report |url-status=live |archive-date=17 June 2012 |access-date=3 September 2012 |date=10 April 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2012 c}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Narendra Modi took all steps to control post-Godhra riots, says SIT |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-10/news/31655759_1_post-godhra-riots-eshan-jaffery-zakia-jaffery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104042744/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-10/news/31655759_1_post-godhra-riots-eshan-jaffery-zakia-jaffery |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=4 September 2012 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 May 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |The Economic Times |2012}} }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Muslim India |year=2007 |publisher=Muslim India |location=University of Michigan |pages=24–33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHYMAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=State+sponsorship+in+naroda+patiya+massacre |access-date=16 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |University of Michigan |2007 |pp=24–33}} }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Gujarat after Godhra: real violence, selective outrage |year=2003 |publisher=Har Anand Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuJtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=State+sponsorship+in+naroda+patiya+massacre |author=Ramesh N. Rao, Koenraad Elst |editor=Ramesh N. Rao, Koenraad Elst |page=189 |isbn=9788124109175 |access-date=16 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Ramesh N. Rao |Koenraad Elst |2003 |p=189}} }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Religious politics and communal violence |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=University of Michigan |isbn=9780195672374 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1uZtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=State+sponsorship+in+naroda+patiya+massacre |author=Steven Wilkinson |editor=Steven Wilkinson |page=119 |access-date=16 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Steven Wilkinson |2005 |p=119}} }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Writings on Human Rights, Law and Society in India: A Combat Law Anthology |publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent |isbn=9788189479787 |author=Harsh Dobhal |page=36 |ref={{sfnRef |Harsh Dobhal |p=36}} |year=2011}}<br /> * {{cite news |title=A Muslim hotel was burnt right across from the police commissioner's headquarters |publisher=Human Rights Watch |ref={{sfnRef |Human Rights Watch |2002 c}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |author=Dugger, Celia W. |title=Hindu Rioters Kill 60 Muslims in India |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 March 2002 |ref={{sfnRef |New York Times |2002 d}}}}<br /> * {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/indian-court-convicts-former-government-minister-in-deadly-2002-riots/2012/08/29/3745a438-f1b3-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |title=Indian court convicts former state minister in deadly 2002 anti-Muslim riots |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Lakshmi, Rama |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=29 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |The Washington Post |2012}} |archive-date=29 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829202815/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/indian-court-convicts-former-government-minister-in-deadly-2002-riots/2012/08/29/3745a438-f1b3-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Proceed against Modi for Gujarat riots: amicus |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3393808.ece?homepage=true |access-date=17 September 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 May 2012 |quote=Sanjiv Bhatt's claim about CM's order to allow Hindus to vent anger must be tested in court, says Raju Ramachandran |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu |2012 c}} |location=Chennai, India }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Manas |title=SIT rejects amicus curiae's observations against Modi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3401728.ece?homepage=true |access-date=17 September 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 May 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |The Hindu |2012 d}} |location=Chennai, India }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Naroda Patiya riots: Here are the 10 big developments in this case |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/naroda-patiya-riots-former-minister-maya-kodnani-gets-18-years-in-jail-261251 |publisher=NDTV |date=31 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |NDTV |2012}} |archive-date=3 November 2012 |access-date=31 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103154323/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/naroda-patiya-riots-former-minister-maya-kodnani-gets-18-years-in-jail-261251 |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Verdict blasts Ahmedabad cops for poor investigation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Verdict-blasts-Ahmedabad-cops-for-poor-investigation/articleshow/16243338.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616101852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/ahmedabad/33581467_1_court-verdict-naroda-patia-case-elephantine-task |url-status=live |archive-date=16 June 2013 |access-date=15 September 2012 |date=4 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2012 d}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Soni |first=Nikunj |title=Gujarat riots: Naroda Patia case verdict on Wednesday |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_gujarat-riots-naroda-patia-case-verdict-on-wednesday_1734236 |access-date=2 September 2012 |newspaper=DNA |date=29 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |DNA India |2012 b}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Naroda Patiya massacre: 'KK Mysorewala did not take preventive steps' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_naroda-patiya-massacre-kk-mysorewala-did-not-take-preventive-steps_1736640 |access-date=15 September 2012 |newspaper=DNA |date=4 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |DNA India |2012 c}} |archive-date=31 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031063630/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_naroda-patiya-massacre-kk-mysorewala-did-not-take-preventive-steps_1736640 |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Maya Kodnani led mob to carry out Naroda riot: Gujarat govt to HC |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-02-21/news/28413366_1_kodnani-affidavit-mla-and-allegations |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103124024/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-02-21/news/28413366_1_kodnani-affidavit-mla-and-allegations |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |access-date=7 June 2012 |newspaper=Economic times of India |date=21 February 2009 |ref={{sfnRef |Economic times of India |2009}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Baweja |first=Harinder |title=Naroda verdict may spell trouble for top cops, ex-minister |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Naroda-verdict-may-spell-trouble-for-top-cops-ex-minister/Article1-922664.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901193725/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Naroda-verdict-may-spell-trouble-for-top-cops-ex-minister/Article1-922664.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 September 2012 |date=1 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Hindustan Times |2012 c}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=On judgement day, Modi's close MLA sent to jail for Gujarat riots |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Naroda-Patiya-riot-Death-penalty-sought-for-convicts/Article1-921070.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829151148/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Naroda-Patiya-riot-Death-penalty-sought-for-convicts/Article1-921070.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 August 2012 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Hindustan Times |2012 r}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Naroda Patiya riots: Kodnani gets 28 yrs in jail, life term till death for Bajrangi |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/naroda-patiya-case-maya-kodnani-gets-18-year-jail-term_796815.html |access-date=3 September 2012 |newspaper=Zee news |date=1 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Zee news |2012 a}} |archive-date=2 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902211358/http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/naroda-patiya-case-maya-kodnani-gets-18-year-jail-term_796815.html |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Naroda Patiya: BJP MLA Maya Kodnani jailed for 28 years, Bajrang Dal leader Babu Bajrangi till death |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maya-kodnani-jailed-for-28-years-bajrangi-till-death/287174-3-238.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902184458/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maya-kodnani-jailed-for-28-years-bajrangi-till-death/287174-3-238.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 September 2012 |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=31 August 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |CNN-IBN |2012 b}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Gujarat riots: Maya Kodnani, Babu Bajrangi get life term in Naroda Patia case |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-31/india/33520145_1_naroda-patia-massacre-life-imprisonment-babu-bajrangi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421004442/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-31/india/33520145_1_naroda-patia-massacre-life-imprisonment-babu-bajrangi |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 August 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2012 e}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Umat |first=Ajay |title=Patia judge hinted at Narendra Modi govt's bid to shield Kodnani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patia-judge-hinted-at-Narendra-Modi-govts-bid-to-shield-Kodnani/articleshow/16160581.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421043400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-02/india/33548078_1_kodnani-naroda-patia-judge-jyotsna-yagnik |url-status=live |archive-date=21 April 2013 |access-date=2 September 2012 |date=2 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef |The Times of India |2012 g}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Why the Naroda-Patiya verdict is a big blow for Modi |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-the-naroda-patiya-verdict-is-a-big-blow-for-modi/20120907.htm |access-date=11 September 2012 |newspaper=Rediff news |date=7 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Rediff news |2012}} |archive-date=9 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909235234/http://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-the-naroda-patiya-verdict-is-a-big-blow-for-modi/20120907.htm |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=MLA gets 28 yrs for Naroda massacre, Bajrangi to spend rest of his life in jail |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mla-gets-28-yrs-for-naroda-massacre-bajrangi-to-spend-rest-of-his-life-in-jail/996218/ |access-date=11 September 2012 |newspaper=Indian Express |date=1 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Indian Express |2012}} |archive-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026165922/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mla-gets-28-yrs-for-naroda-massacre-bajrangi-to-spend-rest-of-his-life-in-jail/996218 |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Deepal |title=The Justice League |url-status=dead |url=http://www.punemirror.in/article/62/20120902201209020912116682f694c5e/The-justice-league.html |newspaper=Pune Mirror |access-date=4 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113184614/http://www.punemirror.in/article/62/20120902201209020912116682f694c5e/The-justice-league.html |archive-date=13 January 2014 |ref={{sfnRef |Pune Mirror |2012}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Activists hail verdict, witnesses' courage |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Activists-hail-verdict-witnesses-courage/Article1-921520.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830024228/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Activists-hail-verdict-witnesses-courage/Article1-921520.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 August 2012 |access-date=4 September 2012 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=2 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Hindustan Times |2012 d}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Narendra Modi's role must be probed: Congress |url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/08/29/252-Naroda-Patiya-verdict-proof-of-BJP-s-role-in-Gujarat-riots-Digvijay.html |access-date=2 September 2012 |newspaper=Zee news |date=29 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef |Zee news |2012 b}} |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905123058/http://newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/08/29/252-Naroda-Patiya-verdict-proof-of-BJP-s-role-in-Gujarat-riots-Digvijay.html |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=After killing them, I felt like Maharana Pratap |newspaper=Tehelka |date=1 September 2007 |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107After_killing.asp |access-date=23 November 2014 |ref={{sfnRef |Tehelka |2007 c}} |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121207113619/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107After_killing.asp |archive-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}<br /> * {{cite news |title=Naroda verdict may spell trouble for top cops, ex-minister |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=1 September 2012 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/naroda-verdict-may-spell-trouble-for-top-cops-ex-minister/article1-922664.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901193725/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Naroda-verdict-may-spell-trouble-for-top-cops-ex-minister/Article1-922664.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2012 |access-date=22 November 2014 |ref={{sfnRef |Hindustan Times |2012 e}} }}<br /> * {{cite news |author=Aakar Patel |title=Modi's murderous minister |newspaper=Express Tribune |date=29 August 2012 |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/428024/modis-murderous-minister/ |access-date=22 November 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|Aakar Patel|2012}} |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814164044/http://tribune.com.pk/story/428024/modis-murderous-minister/ |url-status=live }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book |title=Scarred: Experiments With Violence in Gujarat |author=Dionne Bunsha |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2006 |isbn=0144000768 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQPdGXeh31AC&amp;q=naroda+patiya |author-link=Dionne Bunsha}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=The Gujarat Genocide: A Case Study in Fundamentalist Cleansing |year=2006 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=9781425944537 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-CazvdstPcC&amp;q=Naroda+Patiya+massacre |author=Garda Ghista}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Pogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Violence in India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780691151779 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5s8hooZfekC&amp;q=Naroda+Patiya+massacre |author=Parvis Ghassem-Fachandi |edition=Illustrated}}<br /> * {{cite news |author=Ashish Khetan |title='Muslims, They don't Deserve to Live' |newspaper=[[Tehelka]] |date=3 November 2007 |url=http://www.tehelka.com/muslims-they-dont-deserve-to-live/ |access-date=22 November 2014 |archive-date=20 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720201618/http://www.tehelka.com/muslims-they-dont-deserve-to-live/ |url-status=dead}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=The Fiction of Fact-Finding: Modi &amp; Godhra |publisher=HarperCollings Publishers India |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-5029-187-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ad9HAwAAQBAJ |author=Manoj Mitta}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Siddharth Varadarajan |author-link=Siddharth Varadarajan |chapter=Chronicle of a Tragedy Foretold |editor=Siddharth Varadarajan |title=Gujarat, the Making of a Tragedy |year=2002 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=9780143029014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kc9GmFWePUC&amp;q=Naroda+Patiya+massacre |pages=1–44}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Reconciliation in Post-Godhra Gujarat: The Role of Civil Society |year=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131715468 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ODmMaQkrnYC&amp;q=Naroda+Patiya+massacre |author=T. K. Oommen |author-link=T. K. Oommen}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Citation |title=Ahmedabad: Carnage capital |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107Ahmedabad.asp |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |access-date=19 September 2012 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927182216/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107Ahmedabad.asp |url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{Citation |title=Report By The Commission of Inquiry |url=http://home.gujarat.gov.in/homedepartment/downloads/godharaincident.pdf |publisher=[[Government of Gujarat]] |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=16 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316134832/http://home.gujarat.gov.in/homedepartment/downloads/godharaincident.pdf |url-status=dead}}<br /> <br /> {{good article}}<br /> <br /> {{2002 Gujarat riots}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2002 Gujarat riots]]<br /> [[Category:2000s in Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres of Muslims in India]]<br /> [[Category:February 2002 in India]]<br /> [[Category:February 2002 crimes in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2002]]<br /> [[Category:2002 murders in India]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 2002]]<br /> [[Category:Mosque bombings in India]]<br /> [[Category:2002 building bombings]]<br /> [[Category:Gas explosions in India]]<br /> [[Category:Mosque arson in India]]<br /> [[Category:Arson in 2002]]<br /> [[Category:2002 fires in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Arson deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents involving incendiary devices]]<br /> [[Category:Gang rape in India]]<br /> [[Category:Rape in the 2000s]]<br /> [[Category:Child sexual abuse in India]]<br /> [[Category:Sexual violence at riots and crowd disturbances]]<br /> [[Category:Femicide in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu terrorist incidents]]<br /> [[Category:Incidents of violence against girls]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century attacks on mosques]]<br /> [[Category:Residential building arson attacks in India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kill_(film)&diff=509927 2026-04-22T14:48:48Z

<p>Aranyam: added pg - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2023 Indian film by Nikhil Nagesh Bhat}}<br /> {{distinguish|Kill!|text=the 1968 Japanese film [[Kill!]]}}<br /> {{other uses|Kill (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = <br /> | image = Kill poster.jpeg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]]<br /> | writer = Nikhil Nagesh Bhat<br /> | producer = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Karan Johar]]<br /> * [[Guneet Monga]]<br /> * Apoorva Mehta<br /> * Achin Jain<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br /> | label1= Dialogues by<br /> | data1 = {{ubl|Ayesha Syed|Nikhil Nagesh Bhat}}<br /> }}<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]]<br /> * [[Raghav Juyal]]<br /> * [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]<br /> * [[Abhishek Chauhan]]<br /> * [[Harsh Chhaya]]<br /> * [[Tanya Maniktala]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Rafey Mehmood<br /> | editing = Shivkumar V. Panicker<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br&gt;Ketan Sodha&lt;br&gt;'''Songs:'''{{plainlist|<br /> * [[Vikram Montrose]]<br /> * [[Shashwat Sachdev]]<br /> * Haroon-Gavin<br /> }}<br /> | studio = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Dharma Productions]]<br /> * [[Sikhya Entertainment]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = [[AA Films]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|9|7|[[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|2024|7|5|India}}<br /> | runtime = 105 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kill-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiwmdm2|title=''Kill'' (18)|website=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]]|date=30 May 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623220809/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kill-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiwmdm2|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|20 crore}}&lt;ref name=&quot;budget&quot;/&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|47.12 crore}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FBO&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kill''''' is a 2023&lt;!--Do not change; Kill premiered at TIFF in September 2023--&gt; Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]] and produced by [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Sikhya Entertainment]]. The film, which is inspired by a train robbery experienced by Bhat in 1995, stars [[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]], [[Raghav Juyal]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Harsh Chhaya]], [[Tanya Maniktala]] and [[Abhishek Chauhan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill Movie (2024) {{!}} Release Date, Review, Cast, Trailer |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/kill-movie-120417 |website=[[NDTV|Gadgets 360]] |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304162953/https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/kill-movie-120417 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill (2024) {{!}} MUBI |url=https://mubi.com/en/in/films/kill-2024 |website=[[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]] |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |title=Nikhil Nagesh Bhat, Director Of TIFF Entry &amp; Lionsgate Acquisition 'Kill', Signs With WME |url=https://deadline.com/2023/12/nikhil-nagesh-bhat-kill-director-signs-wme-1235654477/ |access-date=8 March 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=6 December 2024 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308162902/https://deadline.com/2023/12/nikhil-nagesh-bhat-kill-director-signs-wme-1235654477/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Kill'' premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on 7 September 2023, where it was first runner-up for the [[Toronto International Film Festival People's Choice Award: Midnight Madness|People's Choice Award: Midnight Madness]].&lt;ref&gt;Steve Pond, [https://www.thewrap.com/american-fiction-wins-toronto-film-festivals-audience-award/ &quot;'American Fiction' Wins Toronto Film Festival's Audience Award&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917172633/https://www.thewrap.com/american-fiction-wins-toronto-film-festivals-audience-award/ |date=17 September 2023 }}. ''[[TheWrap]]'', 17 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill |url=https://tiff.net/events/kill |website=[[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]] |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807103856/https://tiff.net/events/kill |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Karan Johar, Guneet Monga Kapoor, Nikhil Nagesh Bhat on Toronto Film 'Kill': 'Even 'John Wick' Gives You Some Respite, This Is Relentless' |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/karan-johar-guneet-monga-kapoor-toronto-kill-john-wick-1235714568/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=8 September 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160501/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&amp;topUrl=variety.com&amp;gpp=DBABBg~BUoAAAJY.QA&amp;gpp_sid=8 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Karan Johar's production 'Kill' to premier at Toronto International Film Festival |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johars-production-kill-to-premier-at-toronto-international-film-festival-8876152/ |access-date=8 March 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=4 August 2024 |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308162349/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johars-production-kill-to-premier-at-toronto-international-film-festival-8876152/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was also screened at the [[Tribeca Festival|Tribeca Film Festival]] in June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |title=Tribeca Goes Crazy Over Karan Johar And Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's Action Film Kill {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/tribeca-goes-crazy-over-karan-johar-and-nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-film-kill-article-110992491 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=14 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184142/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/tribeca-goes-crazy-over-karan-johar-and-nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-film-kill-article-110992491 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill {{!}} 2024 Tribeca Festival |url=https://tribecafilm.com/films/kill-2024 |website=[[Tribeca Festival]] |access-date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183954/https://tribecafilm.com/films/kill-2024 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Tribeca 2024: Lakshya, Karan Johar attend 'Kill' premiere in New York City |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tribeca-2024-lakshya-karan-johar-attend-kill-premiere-in-new-york-city/article68292887.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 June 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707092313/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tribeca-2024-lakshya-karan-johar-attend-kill-premiere-in-new-york-city/article68292887.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Kill'' was theatrically released on 5 July 2024 to positive reviews from critics, who praised its cinematography, visuals, soundtrack, cast performances and action sequences but criticized the overly graphic violence and plot. The film grossed ₹47.12 crore against a budget of ₹20 crore.<br /> <br /> ''Kill'' received fifteen nominations at the [[70th Filmfare Awards]] including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Bhat), [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] (Lakshya) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Juyal) and won [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] (Lakshya).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out<br /> |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Amrit, an [[National Security Guard|NSG]] [[commando]], and his colleague Viresh return to [[Palampur, Himachal Pradesh|Palampur]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Amrit has been in a long-term relationship with his girlfriend Tulika Singh, the daughter of a powerful [[business tycoon]], Baldev Singh Thakur. One day, Baldev arranges Tulika's engagement to another man, prompting Amrit and Viresh to travel to [[Ranchi]] for the engagement. In Ranchi, Amrit pleads with Tulika to elope with him, but she refuses as she fears the repercussions from Baldev.<br /> <br /> The next day, Tulika and her family board a [[Express trains in India|superfast express train]] from Ranchi to [[New Delhi]]. Unbeknownst to them, Amrit and Viresh also board the train. During the journey, Amrit seizes an opportunity to propose to Tulika. However, as the train reaches [[Daltonganj railway station|Daltonganj station]], a group of armed [[Dacoity|dacoits]], led by the cunning Fani Bhushan, boards the train. Their plan is to rob specific coaches and make a swift escape. Waiting for them with their getaway plan is Fani's father Beni Bhushan, a notorious dacoit leader, and other members of their gang. They also have jammers to prevent news of their heist from getting out until they escape.<br /> <br /> During the heist, Fani learns that Baldev Singh Thakur is also on the train. He attempts to kidnap Baldev and his family, but is attacked by Amrit and Viresh. In the scuffle, Viresh kills Babban—Fani's uncle and Beni's brother—to save Tulika's mothers. Enraged, Fani and Babban's son Ravi abandon the heist to exact revenge, alongside other dacoits. Amrit and Viresh fight off a few bandits until Fani uses a child as a hostage to stop them before using a homemade firearm to shoot Viresh, but misses. Fani captures a wounded Viresh, while Amrit takes Ravi hostage. Amrit searches for Tulika's sister Ahaana, who is trapped somewhere in the train. Eventually, the train stops at the railway crossing where Beni and more bandits climb aboard, having just been informed of Babban's death.<br /> <br /> Fani plans to use Viresh as bait to capture Amrit, who fights through multiple bandits before being knocked out by the gang's enforcer Siddhi, where Arif, a fellow passenger, is killed while helping Viresh and Amrit. Tulika confronts Fani, who fatally stabs her and throws her off the train, enraging Amrit. He then goes on a [[Spree killer|killing spree]] against the bandits. A shocked Beni chastises Fani for killing Tulika, fearing retribution from Baldev. However, Fani sticks to his original plan of kidnapping Baldev's entire family for ransom. As Amrit continues his rampage, the bandits—fearing for their lives—beg Beni to let them off the train, but Beni convinces them to stay by reminding them that they have already incurred Baldev's wrath so it is better to go along with the revised plan.<br /> <br /> To further demoralize the bandits, Amrit hangs the corpses, including Siddhi's father, in a coach. Meanwhile, Baldev, Viresh, Arif's brother Sohail, and other passengers manage to block access to other coaches and alert [[Railway Protection Force|Railway Security]] personnel, who were previously unaware of the hijacking due to network jammers. Fani and others attempt to move outside, narrowly escaping being shot. Amrit again encounters Siddhi and engages in a brutal fight; when Siddhi overpowers Amrit and is about to throw him off the train, Arif and Sohail's parents attack Siddhi from behind, bludgeoning his skull with a hammerhead and killing him.<br /> <br /> Ahaana and Viresh are rescued by the police, and are reunited with Baldev, but Fani and two other bandits who have boarded the train again eliminate the police and take them hostage, killing a weak and wounded Viresh in the process. While fighting in a darkened coach, Amrit killed Ravi. However, he's deceived by a bandit posing as a passenger, knocked out, and taken captive. As Fani taunts Amrit about the death of Viresh and Beni gets into an argument with him about not killing Baldev, Amrit takes advantage of the chaos and engages the last of the bandits, including Beni, burning his entire head with lighter fluid and a [[zippo]]. Amrit finally faces off against Fani, the sole remaining dacoit. Fani repeatedly stabs him while taunting him about Tulika, but Amrit ultimately gains the upper hand, finishing him off with a hammer and fists. As security personnel and [[paramedic]]s board the train at [[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station|Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhaya Railway Station]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and rescue the passengers, a heavily injured Amrit sits on a bench and hallucinates Tulika sitting beside him.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Tatsam |title='Kill': Slaughter Is the Best Medicine in This Relentless, Remorseless Action Film |url=https://thewire.in/film/kill-slaughter-is-the-best-medicine-in-this-relentless-remorseless-action-film |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=6 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722150502/https://thewire.in/film/kill-slaughter-is-the-best-medicine-in-this-relentless-remorseless-action-film |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]] as Captain Amrit Rathod, a [[National Security Guard|NSG]] [[Commando]] <br /> * [[Raghav Juyal]] as Fani Bhushan <br /> * [[Tanya Maniktala]] as Tulika Singh<br /> * [[Abhishek Chauhan]] as Captain Viresh Chatwal , a [[National Security Guard|NSG]] [[Commando]]<br /> * [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Beni<br /> * [[Harsh Chhaya]] as Baldev Singh Thakur<br /> * Adrija Sinha as Ahaana Singh<br /> * Avanish Pandey as TTE<br /> * Parth Tiwari as Siddhi<br /> * Akshay Vichare as Ujala<br /> * Jitendra Kumar Sharma as Akhilesh Jha ([[Railway Protection Force|RPF personnel]])<br /> * Rupesh Kumar Charanpahari as Bishnu<br /> * Sahil Gangurde as Badlu<br /> * Priyam Gupta as Kulli<br /> * Vivek Kashyap as Mukund<br /> * Sameer Kumar as Bechan<br /> * Calib Logan as Brahmeshwar<br /> * Moses Marton as Murari<br /> * Riyaz Khan as Surajbhan<br /> * Shakti Singh as Laddan<br /> * Shivam Parmar as Amrit's friend<br /> * Bilal Kazi<br /> * Pechap Kumar<br /> * Arun Thakur as Jass Pratap Singh, Tulika's groom<br /> * Meenal Kapoor as Tulika's mother<br /> * Madhu Raja as Tulika's paternal grandmother<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The production of the film began in June 2022, with the [[working title]] ''Aaghat'' starring [[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]] (in his feature film debut) and [[Tanya Maniktala]] (in her second film). Less than a month prior to its premiere at [[Toronto]], [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Sikhya Entertainment]] announced the film ''Kill'' to be directed by [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]], as the first in a content partnership in May 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |title=Dharma Productions, Sikhya Entertainment announce new film 'Kill' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/dharma-productions-sikhya-entertainment-announce-new-film-kill-11692256332406.html |access-date=8 March 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=17 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308163405/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/dharma-productions-sikhya-entertainment-announce-new-film-kill-11692256332406.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In an interview with Subhash K. Jha, the director [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]] said that the actors had to be trained with [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] artists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |title=Nikhil Nagesh Bhat On Physical Training For Kill: Asked Lakshya To Bulk Up A Bit Because... {{!}} EXCLUSIVE |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/nikhil-nagesh-bhat-on-physical-training-for-kill-asked-lakshya-to-bulk-up-a-bit-because-exclusive-article-111461012 |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=3 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160413/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/nikhil-nagesh-bhat-on-physical-training-for-kill-asked-lakshya-to-bulk-up-a-bit-because-exclusive-article-111461012 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhat said in an interview that the film was inspired by a real-life train robbery he experienced in 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Daniels |first=Robert |title=How 'Kill' Slices Bollywood Open |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/movies/kill-movie-behind-the-scenes.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 July 2024 |archive-date=17 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717155007/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/movies/kill-movie-behind-the-scenes.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> The song &quot;Nikat&quot; is sung by [[Rekha Bhardwaj]] and the music is composed by Haroon-Gavin with lyrics written by Siddhant Kaushal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kill {{!}} Song - Nikat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/kill-song-nikat/videoshow/111403029.cms |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=July 1, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722145440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/kill-song-nikat/videoshow/111403029.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Jaako Raakhe Saaiyan&quot; is composed by [[Vikram Montrose]] and written by Shekhar Astitwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kill {{!}} Song - Jaako Raakhe Saaiyan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/kill-song-jaako-raakhe-saaiyan/videoshow/111653993.cms |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=July 11, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722145440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/kill-song-jaako-raakhe-saaiyan/videoshow/111653993.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Kill <br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vikram Montrose]]&lt;br/&gt;Haroon-Gavin <br /> | released = 5 July 2024 <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | recorded = 2022–23<br /> | length = 12:58<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;!--Do not link per WP:OL--&gt;<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | misc = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 12:58<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | title1 = Kill<br /> | note1 = Kaawaa Kaawaa<br /> | extra1 = Sudhir Yaduvanshi, Sanj V, Shashwat Sachdev<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]<br /> | music1 = Shashwat Sachdev<br /> | length1 = 3:14<br /> | title2 = Nikat<br /> | extra2 = [[Rekha Bhardwaj]]<br /> | lyrics2 = Siddhant Kaushal<br /> | music2 = Haroon-Gavin<br /> | length2 = 3:03<br /> | title3 = Jaako Raakhe Saaiyan<br /> | extra3 = Monu Rathod, Vikram Montrose<br /> | lyrics3 = Shekhar Astitwa<br /> | music3 = [[Vikram Montrose]]<br /> | length3 = 3:37<br /> | title4 = Nikat<br /> | note4 = Dance Version<br /> | extra4 = [[Shashwat Singh]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Siddhant Kaushal<br /> | music4 = Haroon-Gavin<br /> | length4 = 3:04<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ===Theatrical===<br /> ''Kill'' premiered in the Midnight Madness section of the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on 7 September 2023. The film had a theatrical release in India on 5 July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's action film 'Kill' to land in theatres in July |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-film-kill-to-land-in-theatres-in-july/article67828337.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=9 February 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327154023/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-film-kill-to-land-in-theatres-in-july/article67828337.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Rajni |title=Kill: Lakshya's actioner backed by Karan Johar-Guneet Monga gets a release date after winning praise globally |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kill-lakshyas-actioner-backed-by-karan-johar-guneet-monga-gets-a-release-date-after-winning-praise-globally-1277347 |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=9 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327155150/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kill-lakshyas-actioner-backed-by-karan-johar-guneet-monga-gets-a-release-date-after-winning-praise-globally-1277347 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lakshya, Tanya Maniktala, Raghav Juyal's 'Kill' release date out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kill-karan-johar-lakshya-tanya-maniktala-raghav-juyal-films-release-date-out-2499692-2024-02-09 |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=9 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327154023/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kill-karan-johar-lakshya-tanya-maniktala-raghav-juyal-films-release-date-out-2499692-2024-02-09 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2023, [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]] acquired distribution rights to the film for North America and the United Kingdom, marking one of the first instances of a Hollywood studio acquiring a Hindi-language film to directly release in the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |title=Lionsgate Picks Up North American &amp; UK Rights To Indian Action Pic 'Kill' In Rare Studio Deal For Hindi Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/hindi-movie-kill-deal-lionsgate-north-american-uk-rights-1235587498/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165545/https://deadline.com/2023/10/hindi-movie-kill-deal-lionsgate-north-american-uk-rights-1235587498/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |title=Lionsgate Nabs U.S. and UK Rights For Indian Actioner 'Kill' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/kill-lionsgate-india-tiff/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=[[TheWrap]] |date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209045804/https://www.thewrap.com/kill-lionsgate-india-tiff/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Shrishty |title='Kill' Lands Groundbreaking Deal With Lionsgate for Theatrical Release |url=https://collider.com/kill-movie-lionsgate-theatrical-release-deal/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=31 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801082611/https://collider.com/kill-movie-lionsgate-theatrical-release-deal/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film released over 1000 screens across North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Trisha |title='Kill' set to become first Hindi film to release in over 1000 screens in North America |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kill-set-to-become-first-hindi-film-to-release-in-over-1000-screens-in-north-america-2555752-2024-06-20 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=20 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184047/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kill-set-to-become-first-hindi-film-to-release-in-over-1000-screens-in-north-america-2555752-2024-06-20 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lionsgate, in association with [[Roadside Attractions]], later scheduled the film for a theatrical release in the United States on 4 July 2024, a day before its release in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Kill' Teaser Trailer: Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's Action-Packed Gore Fest To Hit Theaters This Summer|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Valerie|last=Complex|date=4 April 2024|access-date=4 April 2024|url=https://deadline.com/video/kill-teaser-trailer-nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-pack-gore-fest-hit-theaters-this-summer/|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160405/https://deadline.com/video/kill-teaser-trailer-nikhil-nagesh-bhats-action-pack-gore-fest-hit-theaters-this-summer/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[AA Films]] bought the distribution rights for Indian theatrical release. On September 5, ''Kill'' was released in Argentina by BF Distribution and by [[Paris Filmes]] in Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KILL MASACRE EN EL TREN |url=https://www.bfdistribution.cl/pelicula/kill-masacre-en-el-tren/ |website=Bf Distribution |access-date=6 July 2024 |language=es-CL |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706100025/https://www.bfdistribution.cl/pelicula/kill-masacre-en-el-tren/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=&quot;KILL – O Massacre no Trem&quot; estreia nos cinemas em 5 de setembro |url=https://www.parisfilmes.com.br/kill-o-massacre-no-trem-estreia-nos-cinemas-em-5-de-setembro/ |website=[[Paris Filmes]] |access-date=6 July 2024 |language=pt-BR |date=11 June 2024 |archive-date=27 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827035902/https://www.parisfilmes.com.br/kill-o-massacre-no-trem-estreia-nos-cinemas-em-5-de-setembro/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Paradise Group released the film under the name of «Схватка» in Russian theatres on 25 July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Схватка |url=https://paradisegroup.ru/catalog/2487 |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=paradisegroup.ru |language=ru |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707070953/https://paradisegroup.ru/catalog/2487 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released in [[South Korea]] in theatres on 28 August 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-28 |title=Lakshya and Raghav Juyal starrer Kill releases in South Korea in theatres, see the striking new posters |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/lakshya-raghav-juyal-starrer-kill-releases-south-korea-theatres-see-striking-new-posters/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160407/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/lakshya-raghav-juyal-starrer-kill-releases-south-korea-theatres-see-striking-new-posters/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kill'' was distributed by GaragePlay in Taiwan and released in theaters on November 22, 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;GaragePlay&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://garageplay.tw/movie/content/4843/|title=殺 Kill|work=GaragePlay 車庫娛樂|accessdate=2024-11-17|language=zh-hant}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Home media===<br /> In India, ''Kill'' began streaming on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] from 6 September 2024 in Hindi, and later with dubs in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Malayalam]] languages from 24 September 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kill-ott-release-date-revealed-lakshya-lalwani-raghav-juyal-starrer-stream-disney-hostar-september-6/|title=Kill OTT release date REVEALED! Lakshya Lalwani-Raghav Juyal starrer to stream on Disney+ Hostar from September 6|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=30 August 2024 |access-date=30 August 2024|archive-date=30 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830122400/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kill-ott-release-date-revealed-lakshya-lalwani-raghav-juyal-starrer-stream-disney-hostar-september-6/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Internationally, the film was released by Lionsgate films digitally on 23 July 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/digital/Kill-Digital/67604/|title=Kill Digital|website=Blu-ray.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; with its [[Blu-ray]] editions releasing on 10 September 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Kill-Blu-ray/365499/|title=Kill Blu-ray|website=Blu-ray.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Kill-4K-Blu-ray/365876/|title=Kill 4K Blu-ray|website=Blu-ray.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ===Box office===<br /> The film was made on a budget of ₹20 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;budget&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author1=India Today Entertainment Desk |title=Karan Johar on stars demanding Rs 40 crore for Kill: Film's budget was Rs 40 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/karan-johar-on-actors-demanding-rs-40-crore-for-kill-film-budget-was-rs-40-crore-2605522-2024-09-24 |access-date=24 September 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=24 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; It grossed ₹28.75 crore from India and ₹18.37 crore overseas for a worldwide total of ₹47.12 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBO&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kill/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=5 July 2024 |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718195600/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kill/box-office/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It became a Commercial &quot; Success &quot; at Box office.<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=90|count=106|average=7.2|consensus=A relentless thrill ride grounded in raw emotional stakes, ''Kill'' serves up a knuckle sandwich that action fans will gleefully eat up.|ref=yes |access-date=8 July 2024}} [[Metacritic]] rated the film with a score of 74 out of 100, based on 19 critics, citing &quot;generally favorable&quot; reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kill |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/kill/ |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=9 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709143629/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/kill/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 4.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;This is an absolute must-watch for all fans of action and otherwise.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Zinia |title='Kill' Review: Raghav Juyal, Lakshya take us on a raw, reckless, gory ride |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kill-review-lakshya-raghav-juyal-tanya-maniktala-2561051-2024-07-02 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703210332/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kill-review-lakshya-raghav-juyal-tanya-maniktala-2561051-2024-07-02 |url-status=live }}{{rating|4.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote &quot;An ultra-violent film about violence, ''Kill's'' greatest accomplishment isn't its death count alone but to challenge our perception of violence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |author-link=Sukanya Verma |title=Kill Review: The Great Train Rampage |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kill-review/20240703.htm |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=July 3, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704013821/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kill-review/20240703.htm |url-status=live }}{{rating|4|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;On the whole, ''Kill'' is a violent and stylish action entertainer.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|title=Kill Movie Review: KILL is a violent and stylish action entertainer.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kill/critic-review/kill-movie-review/kill-is-a-violent-and-stylish-action-entertainer/|magazine=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=3 July 2024|access-date=3 July 2024|archive-date=3 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703094747/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kill/critic-review/kill-movie-review/kill-is-a-violent-and-stylish-action-entertainer/|url-status=live}}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;''Kill'' has a moral compass, a clear context for the 'war' that unfolds.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |title=Kill Review: Hindi Cinema Has Never Produced Anything Quite Like This |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kill-review-hindi-cinema-has-never-produced-anything-quite-like-this-3-5-stars-6024278 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=July 3, 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704020300/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kill-review-hindi-cinema-has-never-produced-anything-quite-like-this-3-5-stars-6024278 |url-status=live }}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rishil Jogani of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Kill as a film could work even better with a denser plot and a more dreadful antagonist.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jogani |first=Rishil |title=Kill Review: Lakshya unleashes his inner beast in the masterfully shot but thin-plotted gory action drama |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kill-review-lakshya-unleashes-his-inner-beast-in-the-masterfully-shot-but-thin-plotted-gory-action-drama-1323309 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705002816/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kill-review-lakshya-unleashes-his-inner-beast-in-the-masterfully-shot-but-thin-plotted-gory-action-drama-1323309 |url-status=live }}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote &quot;‘Kill’ is a lean, mean killing machine.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |author-link=Shubhra Gupta |title=Kill movie review: Lakshya, Raghav Juyal deliver a distinctively desi lean, mean killing machine |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kill-movie-review-lakshya-raghav-juyal-deliver-distinctively-desi-lean-mean-killing-machine-9427762/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160409/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kill-movie-review-lakshya-raghav-juyal-deliver-distinctively-desi-lean-mean-killing-machine-9427762/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised Lakshya's performance and expressed &quot;Lakshya, heavily hyped as Hindi cinema’s new ‘killing machine’, is sweaty, strong and seething. The young actor spurns the athleticism of a [[Tiger Shroff]] or [[Vidyut Jammwal]], opting instead for a more centred, abrasive fighting style.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |title='Kill' movie review: Lakshya rampages in propulsive bloodfest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kill-movie-review-lakshya-rampages-in-propulsive-bloodfest/article68359134.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703015756/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kill-movie-review-lakshya-rampages-in-propulsive-bloodfest/article68359134.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Uday Bhatia of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] wrote'' &quot;''Kill'' isn't really a hell-yeah action film. There's no slo-mo, no release, no breathing room.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |title='Kill' review: The violence in this grisly action film is anything but empty |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/kill-review-action-film-lakshya-nikhil-nagesh-bhat-raghav-juyal-11719934234849.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=3 July 2024 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705123418/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/kill-review-action-film-lakshya-nikhil-nagesh-bhat-raghav-juyal-11719934234849.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' commented &quot;The most memorable scene in ''Kill'' lands it straight in horror territory.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Kill' review: A superbly crafted, one-way ticket to slaughter |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1069790/kill-review-a-one-way-ticket-to-slaughter |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=5 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717153246/https://scroll.in/reel/1069790/kill-review-a-one-way-ticket-to-slaughter |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kartik Bhardwaj of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote &quot;It weaves a narrative of its own. The fist fights and the flying kicks come first.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |title='Kill' movie review: This satisfying actioner serves more than just guts and gore |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jul/06/kill-movie-review-this-satisfying-actioner-serves-more-than-just-guts-and-gore |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=6 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722150253/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jul/06/kill-movie-review-this-satisfying-actioner-serves-more-than-just-guts-and-gore |url-status=live }}{{rating|4|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Kill'' earned acclaim from international critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Nandini |title=This Hindi film is earning rave reviews and getting an English remake |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/this-hindi-film-is-earning-rave-reviews-and-getting-an-english-remake-124070400193_1.html |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=July 4, 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706160750/https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/this-hindi-film-is-earning-rave-reviews-and-getting-an-english-remake-124070400193_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Prakash |first1=Priya |title=Kill X Review: Is India's Fascination With Bloodshed On Screen Growing? |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/lakshya-kill-twitter-review-raghav-tanya-maniktala-5129246 |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=[[SheThePeople]] |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706160836/https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/lakshya-kill-twitter-review-raghav-tanya-maniktala-5129246 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Kim Newman]] of ''[[British Film Institute]]'' wrote &quot;The first half isn’t exactly slower, but basic relationships have to be established before the real action can start.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Newman |first=Kim |author-link=Kim Newman |title=Kill review: non-stop crowdpleasing carnage |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/kill-non-stop-crowdpleasing-carnage |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[British Film Institute]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703211337/https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/kill-non-stop-crowdpleasing-carnage |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jeannette Catsoulis of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote &quot;Manipulative to the max (one upsetting murder is almost pornographically protracted), “Kill” is dizzyingly impressive and punishingly vicious.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Catsoulis |first=Jeannette |title='Kill' Review: The Title Says It All. Over and Over Again. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/04/movies/kill-review.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704225813/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/04/movies/kill-review.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Catherine Bray of ''[[The Guardian]]'' opined &quot;Kill’s objectives are achieved with an energy and enthusiasm that make it a tasty piece of action cinema which doesn’t pull its punches; it’s finger-cracking good.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bray |first=Catherine |title=Kill review – ultraviolent Indian train thriller is finger-cracking good |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jul/04/kill-review-ultraviolent-indian-train-thriller-is-finger-cracking-good |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160406/https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jul/04/kill-review-ultraviolent-indian-train-thriller-is-finger-cracking-good |url-status=live }}{{rating|4|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kevin Maher (writer)|Kevin Maher]] of ''[[The Times]]'' observed &quot;The plot is painfully perfunctory, and places a lethal “national security guard commando” called Amrit&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Maher |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Maher (writer) |title=Kill review — the most violent action movie you'll ever see |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/film/article/kill-film-review-violent-37wp53lg5 |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705083839/https://www.thetimes.com/culture/film/article/kill-film-review-violent-37wp53lg5 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nate Richard of ''[[Collider (website)|Collider]]'' rated the film ''B+'' and wrote &quot;Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's aggressively violent action flick is destined to become a [[Cult film|cult classic]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Richard |first=Nate |title='Kill' Review: Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's Action Film Is Bloody Brilliant {{!}} TIFF 2023 |url=https://collider.com/kill-review/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=9 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229233139/https://collider.com/kill-review/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Peter Debruge of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote &quot;As brutal a film as the country has ever produced, ''Kill'' is a shockingly graphic action showcase from an industry that typically plays violence in a more cartoony register.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Debruge |first=Peter |title='Kill' Review: A Train, Two Commandos and 40 Thieves Add Up to One Bloody Action Bonanza |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/kill-review-1235745857/ |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=6 October 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120749/https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/kill-review-1235745857/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Randy Myers of ''[[The Mercury News]]'' stated &quot;After a groan-inducing 15 minutes of exposition, “Kill” lets go of all that baggage to become an outright blast while making a convincing argument for Lakshya becoming our next big action star.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Myers |first1=Randy |title=What to watch: 'Sausage Party' is back to offend us all |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/07/10/what-to-watch-sausage-party-is-back-to-offend-us-all/ |access-date=15 July 2024 |work=[[The Mercury News]] |date=10 July 2024 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714092656/https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/07/10/what-to-watch-sausage-party-is-back-to-offend-us-all/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|4}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Frank Scheck]] of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' observed &quot;The fight scenes are extremely well choreographed, filmed and edited, but they’re so relentless in their non-stop pacing that the viewing experience becomes numbing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Scheck |first=Frank |author-link=Frank Scheck |title='Kill' Review: Train-Set Indian Actioner Alternately Entertains and Exhausts |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/kill-review-india-train-1235943766/ |access-date=15 July 2024 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; David Ehrlich of ''[[IndieWire]]'' rated the film ''B+'' and expressed &quot;“Kill” makes very, very good on its goofy title by the time all is said and done, but perhaps the most surprising thing about Bhat's action extravaganza is that it inverts expectations without ever getting off-track.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ehrlich |first=David |title='Kill' Review: Indian Bandits Pick the Wrong Train to Rob in One of the Best Pure Action Movies Since 'The Raid' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/kill-review-indian-action-movie-1235022830/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=3 July 2024 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705020541/https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/kill-review-indian-action-movie-1235022830/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakyl Lambert of ''CGMagazine'' rated 8.5/10 and wrote &quot;''Kill'' is one of the best action films of the year, and action fans need to keep this one on their radar.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Lambert |first=Shakyl |title=Kill (2023) Review – TIFF 2023 – CGMagazine |url=https://www.cgmagonline.com/review/movie/kill-2023-review/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=CGMagazine |date=31 October 2023 |language=en-CA |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327163125/https://www.cgmagonline.com/review/movie/kill-2023-review/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Matt Donato of ''[[/Film]]'' rated the film 9 stars out of 10. He also stated &quot;No joyous Bollywood dance interludes — this isn't ''[[RRR]]''. Bhat's sublimely savage ''Kill'' has more in common with take-no-prisoners Indonesian badassery like ''[[The Night Comes for Us]]'' or [[The Raid (2011 film)|''The Raid'']], accentuating breakneck violence that flows like a gushing river of blood from gaping knife wounds.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Donato |first=Matt |title=Kill Review: India Gets Its Own The Raid In This Ultra-Violent Action Movie Fantastic Fest |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1406155/kill-review/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |work=[[/Film]] |date=29 September 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410081215/https://www.slashfilm.com/1406155/kill-review/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|9|10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ross McIndoe of ''[[Slant Magazine]]'' wrote &quot;The action is kinetic and chaotic as bodies are sent bouncing off seats, windows, floors, and ceilings.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=McIndoe |first=Ross |title='Kill' Review: Nikhil Nagesh Bhat's Killer Action Extravaganza |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/kill-review-nikhil-nagesh-bhat/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Slant Magazine]] |date=30 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704181820/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/kill-review-nikhil-nagesh-bhat/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|4.5|4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Andrew Mack of ''[[Screen Anarchy]]'' observed &quot;The violence is not fancy and intricate, but fast and harsh, with a survivor’s instinct at the forefront.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mack |first=Andrew |title=Toronto 2023 Review: KILL, An Army of One Versus an Army of Train Thieves |url=https://screenanarchy.com/2023/09/toronto-2023-review-kill.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Screen Anarchy]] |date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924134227/https://screenanarchy.com/2023/09/toronto-2023-review-kill.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Barry Hertz of ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' commented &quot;For its first half-hour, ''Kill''’s fights are plentiful if slightly pedestrian in their staging and speed.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Hertz |first=Barry |title=Review: Spectacular, and spectacularly violent, Bollywood thriller Kill shoots for the, well, you know |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-spectacular-and-spectacularly-violent-bollywood-thriller-kill-shoots/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=4 July 2024 |language=en-CA |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706150948/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-spectacular-and-spectacularly-violent-bollywood-thriller-kill-shoots/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jonathan Hickman]] of ''[[Newnan Times-Herald]]'' gave 7/10 stars and wrote &quot;By removing much of the heavy firepower associated with guns, Bhat’s film delivers visceral, bone-crunching sequences that have a significant impact despite their relatively overblown nature.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Hickman |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Hickman |title=Capsule Film Reviews |url=https://www.times-herald.com/arts_and_community/reviews/capsule-film-reviews/article_6532740a-3ad7-11ef-be14-0b607bcb9f88.html |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=[[Newnan Times-Herald]] |date=5 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706152053/https://www.times-herald.com/arts_and_community/reviews/capsule-film-reviews/article_6532740a-3ad7-11ef-be14-0b607bcb9f88.html |url-status=live }}{{rating|7|10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critic Simon Abrams of ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' gave a mixed review and wrote &quot;''Kill'' ticks off most of the essential boxes for a good popcorn flick, making it easy to resist but harder to pass up.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Abrams |first=Simon |title=Kill movie review &amp; film summary (2024) {{!}} Roger Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kill-hindi-movie-review-2024 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[Roger Ebert]] |date=July 4, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704132247/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kill-hindi-movie-review-2024 |url-status=live }}{{rating|2.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reviewing for ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' Phil de Semlyen gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;Credit to Bhat, too, for departing with the tried-and-tested action movie template to deliver an unexpected, nihilistic mid-movie twist. The problem is the sense of déjà vu that creeps in thereafter.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=de Semlyen |first=Phil |title=Kill |url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/kill-review-2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715144954/https://www.timeout.com/movies/kill-review-2024 |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lyvie Scott of ''[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]'' gave a mixed review &quot;Though Kill has its action down pat, it does lack a sense of narrative variety.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Lyvie |title='Kill' Pushes A Simple Revenge Story to Its Absolute Limit |url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/kill-review-india-train-thriller |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]] |date=3 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716141802/https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/kill-review-india-train-thriller |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Nominee/Work<br /> !Result<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;23&quot; |2025<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[25th IIFA Awards]]<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> |''Kill''<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Awasthi |first=Pragati |date=2025-03-07 |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Date, time, host, venue, nominees list and more |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-date-time-host-venue-nominees-list-and-more-8831806 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Wion |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Laapataa Ladies Sweeps 10 Awards. Kartik Aaryan Named Best Actor. Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-laapataa-ladies-sweeps-with-10-awards-kartik-aaryan-named-best-actor-check-full-list-of-winners-7888397 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> |[[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]<br /> |[[Raghav Juyal]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Star Debut of the Year – Male]]<br /> |[[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya Lalwani]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> |[[Rekha Bhardwaj]] {{small|for &quot;Nikat&quot;}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> |Rafey Mehmood<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Design]]<br /> |Subash Sahoo, Ravi Soni<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re-Recording]]<br /> |Subash Sahoo, Boloy Kumar Doloi, Rahul Karpe<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |[[70th Filmfare Awards]]<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> |''Kill''<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out<br /> |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|accessdate=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2025-full-list-of-winners-laapataa-ladies-has-record-13-wins-alia-bhatt-abhishek-bachchan-kartik-aaryan-101760232610141.html|title=Filmfare Awards 2025 full list of winners: Laapataa Ladies sets new record with 13 wins; Alia, Abhishek, Kartik win big|last=Das|first=Ananya|work=Hindustan Times|date=2025-10-12|accessdate=2025-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> |[[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br /> |[[Raghav Juyal]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]<br /> |[[Lakshya Lalwani|Lakshya]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Nikhil Nagesh Bhat<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> |Siddhant Kaushal<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> |[[Rekha Bhardwaj]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]<br /> |Mayur Sharma<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> |Rafey Mahmood<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]<br /> |Shivkumar V. Panicker<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]<br /> |Subhash Sahoo<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]<br /> |Ketan Sodha<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]]<br /> |Oh Sea Young and Parvez Shaikh<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]<br /> |Lavan and Kushan (Digital Turbo Media) and Ashutosh Pandey (Reflections Pictures)<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Remake==<br /> On 1 July 2024, three days prior to ''Kill's'' North American theatrical release, [[Lionsgate Studios|Lionsgate]] and [[87North Productions|87Eleven Entertainment]], which have previously collaborated on the ''[[John Wick]]'' franchise, announced an [[English language|English]] remake of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title='John Wick' Producers 87Eleven, Lionsgate Developing English-Remake Of Indian Action Movie 'Kill' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/kill-english-remake-john-wick-lionsgate-1235998383/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=1 July 2024 |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703124116/https://deadline.com/2024/07/kill-english-remake-john-wick-lionsgate-1235998383/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=English remake of 'Kill' in the works with 'John Wick' director Chad Stahelski attached to produce |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/english-remake-of-kill-in-the-works-with-john-wick-director-chad-stahelski-attached-to-produce/article68358546.ece |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160407/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/english-remake-of-kill-in-the-works-with-john-wick-director-chad-stahelski-attached-to-produce/article68358546.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=John Wick director Chad Stahelski to produce Hollywood remake of Kill, says he's looking forward to collaborating with Karan Johar, Guneet Monga |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/john-wick-director-chad-stahelski-to-produce-hollywood-remake-of-kill-says-hes-looking-forward-to-collaborating-with-karan-johar-guneet-monga-9427381/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907160407/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/john-wick-director-chad-stahelski-to-produce-hollywood-remake-of-kill-says-hes-looking-forward-to-collaborating-with-karan-johar-guneet-monga-9427381/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, Dharma Productions issued a statement that there will be no further remakes in other languages for the film aside from English.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |title=No other language remakes for Kill in the works; clarifies Dharma about Lakshya, Raghav Juyal-starrer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/no-other-language-remakes-for-kill-in-the-works-clarifies-dharma-about-lakshya-raghav-juyalstarrer-101721138238049.html |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 July 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dharma clarifies rumours about 'Kill' remake: Only English language rights sold |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dharma-clarifies-rumours-about-nikhil-nagesh-bhatt-film-kill-remake-only-english-language-rights-sold-no-indian-language-rights-have-been-acquired-2567675-2024-07-16 |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=16 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716212436/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dharma-clarifies-rumours-about-nikhil-nagesh-bhatt-film-kill-remake-only-english-language-rights-sold-no-indian-language-rights-have-been-acquired-2567675-2024-07-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dharma Productions clarifies no remake rights sold for Lakshya – Raghav Juyal starrer Kill in Indian languages yet; only Hollywood remake confirmed : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dharma-productions-clarifies-no-remake-rights-sold-lakshya-raghav-juyal-starrer-kill-indian-languages-yet-hollywood-remake-confirmed/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=17 July 2024 |language=en |date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=17 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717011331/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dharma-productions-clarifies-no-remake-rights-sold-lakshya-raghav-juyal-starrer-kill-indian-languages-yet-hollywood-remake-confirmed/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Features |first1=C. E. |title=Karan Johar's Dharma Productions issues statement on Kill remake: 'Only English language rights have been sold' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Jul/17/karan-johars-dharma-productions-issues-statement-on-kill-remake-only-english-language-rights-have-been-sold |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=17 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717161327/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Jul/17/karan-johars-dharma-productions-issues-statement-on-kill-remake-only-english-language-rights-have-been-sold |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|28259207}}<br /> * {{rotten-tomatoes|kill_2023_2|Kill}}<br /> <br /> {{Karan Johar}}<br /> {{Dharma Productions}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s heist films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s survival films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 crime action films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 films]]<br /> [[Category:AA Films films]]<br /> [[Category:Action films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Chandauli district]] &lt;!--[[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station]] featured in the film--&gt;<br /> [[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about arranged marriage]]<br /> [[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]<br /> [[Category:Films about businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Films about hijackings]]<br /> [[Category:Films about hostage takings]]<br /> [[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murder]]<br /> [[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about train robbery]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Vikram Montrose]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Shashwat Sachdev]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set on trains]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Army in films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Railways]]<br /> [[Category:Indian business films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian gangster films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian heist films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian police films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian survival films]]<br /> [[Category:Lionsgate films]]<br /> [[Category:Medininagar]]&lt;!--[[Daltonganj railway station]] featured in the film--&gt;<br /> [[Category:Mixed martial arts films]]<br /> [[Category:Nihilist works]]<br /> [[Category:Ranchi]]<br /> [[Category:Roadside Attractions films]]<br /> [[Category:Thriller films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about outlaws]]<br /> [[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rohit_Bohra&diff=530759 2026-04-21T02:16:38Z

<p>Aranyam: Stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Rohit Bohra<br /> | image = Rohit Bohra Photo 2023.jpg<br /> | father = [[Pradhyuman Singh]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1966|05|30}}<br /> | birth_place = Dholpur, Rajasthan<br /> | office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 11 December 2018<br /> | term_end = Present<br /> | predecessor = [[Pradhyuman Singh]]<br /> | constituency = [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency|Rajakhera]]<br /> | office1 = Treasurer of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]<br /> | term1 = 2025 - Present<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | occupation = Businessman<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]] ; [[R. A. Podar Institute of Management]] ; [[Commerce College, Jaipur]] ; [[St Xavier's School, Jaipur]]<br /> | education = [[MBA]] and [[Bachelor of Commerce]]<br /> | native_name = रोहित बौहरा<br /> | native_name_lang = हिंदी<br /> | spouse = Shivani Bohra<br /> | children = 2<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | office2 = Elected Member of the [[All India Congress Committee]]<br /> | term2 = 2022 - Present<br /> }}<br /> '''Rohit Bohra''' (born 30 May 1966) is an Indian politician from Rajasthan and a primary member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He currently serves as a Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], representing [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]] in [[Dholpur district]]. Bohra has been elected to the Assembly for two consecutive terms.<br /> <br /> He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Rajakhera]] constituency in the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] for the first time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress Party |url=https://www.rajpcc.com/rohitbohra |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.rajpcc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was re-elected as MLA from the [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]] in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajakhera, Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Rajakhera में Rohit Bohra ने 15230 मतों सेहासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/rajakhera-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830461-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bohra serves as the '''Treasurer of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] (RPCC)''', following his earlier tenure as a General Secretary of the RPCC (2023–2025)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी स्टेट |date=2025-08-03 |title=राजस्थान कांग्रेस के कोषाध्यक्ष बने रोहित बोहरा, पूर्व CM अशोक गहलोत ने दी बधाई |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rohit-bohra-mla-appointed-as-treasurer-of-rajasthan-congress-committee-ashok-gehlot-congratulated-2990024 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;. He is also an elected member of the [[All India Congress Committee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान प्रदेश कांग्रेस कमेटी |url=https://pccrajasthan.com/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=pccrajasthan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over the course of his political career, he has held several organizational roles, including President of the District Congress Committee in [[Dholpur]] (2010–2013) and Secretary of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] (2013–2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rohit Bohra (MLA Rajakhera), MLA Rohit Bohra, MLA Rajakhera |url=https://rajasthanlink.com/VanuDetails/churu/mla/1207/rajakhera-constituency-sh-rohit-bohra-inc |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Rajasthan Link |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Bohra is the third generation political leader from highly influential [[Bohra Family]] from [[Dholpur]] in Rajasthan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVOx3M11Wp0 |title=Shri. Rohit Bohra |date=2023-12-11 |last=National Legislators' Conference Bharat |access-date=2025-11-19 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is son of Shri [[Pradhyuman Singh]], a former Finance Minister in the [[Government of Rajasthan]], and Shobhna Bohra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; His father is a notable politician who served seven terms as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]] from the [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajakhera Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/rajakhera-rajasthan-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=resultuniversity.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the President of the 16th State Finance Commission [[Rajasthan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Organogram |url=https://sfc.rajasthan.gov.in/Organogram.aspx?menu_id=10 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=sfc.rajasthan.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; His grand-father was also a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] who represented the [[Rajakhera]] constituency in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVOx3M11Wp0 |title=Shri. Rohit Bohra |date=2023-12-11 |last=National Legislators' Conference Bharat |access-date=2025-11-19 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He is well-educated and an alumnus of reputed educational institutions. He holds an [[MBA]] and a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree. He successfully runs his family business, which is spread across [[Rajasthan]].<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> Bohra has a strong political background and played an active role in electoral strategy and political campaigning for his father during assembly elections. He started his political career as the President of the [[Dholpur Assembly constituency|District Congress Committee]] in [[Dholpur]] (2010–2013) and was later promoted to Secretary of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] (2013–2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]] for the first time from the [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]] in the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], where he defeated his rival [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ashok Sharma (politician)|Ashok Sharma]] by 14,991 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He is known for developing a personal connection with every voter and party worker. During his first term, he focused on the development of healthcare,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dholpur: जिला चिकित्सालय पहुंचे विधायक रोहित बोहरा, कई कार्यों का किया शिलान्यास और उद्घाटन |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/bharatpur/dholpur-mla-rohit-bohra-reached-district-hospital-laid-foundation-stone-and-inaugurated-many-works/1065658 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; sanitation, water, and infrastructure&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=धौलपुर: विधायक रोहित बोहरा राजाखेड़ा पहुंचे, पानी की टंकी के लिए 270 करोड़ रुपए जारी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/dholpur/dholpur-news-mla-rohit-bohra-reached-rajkheda-rs-270-crore-released-for-water-tank/1673214 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the [[Rajakhera]] constituency. As a first-term MLA, he worked actively to deliver government schemes to the public in his assembly constituency, as implemented by the [[Third Gehlot ministry|Third Gehlot Ministry]]. He was credited and praised by [[Ashok Gehlot]] for saving the [[Indian National Congress]] government during the [[2022 Rajasthan political crisis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-08 |title=Why Ashok Gehlot owes his CM chair to three first-time Congress MLAs? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/ashok-gehlot-owes-cm-chair-three-first-time-congress-mlas-8598629/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, he was elevated to the post of General Secretary of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<br /> <br /> He was re-elected as an MLA from the [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]] in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], defeating his rival [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Neerja Sharma, who is the wife of [[Ashok Sharma (politician)|Ashok Sharma]], by 15,230 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; This victory marked his second consecutive win from the [[Rajakhera Assembly constituency]].<br /> <br /> [[All India Congress Committee]] appointed Bohra as the Treasurer of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: कांग्रेस MLA को PCC में मिली बड़ी जिम्मेदारी, कांग्रेस महासचिव ने जारी किए आदेश |url=https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/congress-mla-rohit-bohra-become-treasurer-in-pcc-congress-general-secretary-issued-orders-19834525 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; following his tenure as General Secretary of the RPCC (2023–2025). During this period, he was involved in strengthening the party’s organizational presence and working with senior Congress leaders at both the state and national levels. <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> * [[2022 Rajasthan political crisis]]<br /> * [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> * [https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2080.htm General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends &amp; Results Dec-2023 Assembly Constituency 80 - Rajakhera (Rajasthan)]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231113055457/https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Vidhansabha%202018/DetailedResults.pdf Election Commission of India- State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Rajasthan]<br /> * [https://pccrajasthan.com/assets/pdf/Rajasthan%20AICC%20Delegates%202023%20List.pdf List of Elected and Co-opted Members of AlCC (2022)]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohra, Rohit}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1966 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Western_Ghats_moist_deciduous_forests&diff=536848 2026-04-21T00:33:35Z

<p>Aranyam: adding new post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ecoregion in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox ecoregion<br /> |name = South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests<br /> |image = Large Chital herd at Bandipur National Park.jpg<br /> |image_size = <br /> |image_alt = <br /> |caption = [[Chital]]s in [[Bandipur National Park]], Karnataka<br /> |map = Ecoregion IM0150.png<br /> |map_size = <br /> |map_alt = <br /> |map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple)<br /> |ecozone = [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]]<br /> |biome = [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]<br /> |animals = <br /> |bird_species = <br /> |mammal_species = <br /> |border1 = [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]]<br /> |border2 = [[Malabar Coast moist forests]]<br /> |border3 = [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]<br /> |border4 = [[North Western Ghats montane rain forests]]<br /> |border5 = [[South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]<br /> |border6 = [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]<br /> |area = 23,676<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |state1 = [[Karnataka]]<br /> |state2 = [[Kerala]]<br /> |state3 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |region_type = States<br /> |elevation = <br /> |geology = <br /> |seas =<br /> |rivers = <br /> |climate = <br /> |soil =<br /> |conservation = critical/endangered&lt;ref name = wwf&gt;{{WWF ecoregion|name=South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|id=im0150}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |global200 =<br /> |habitat_loss = <br /> |habitat_loss_ref =<br /> |coordinates ={{Coord|display=inline,title}} <br /> |protected = 6,645 km² (28<br /> |protected_ref = )&lt;ref name = dinerstein&gt;Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |embedded = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests '''is an [[ecoregion]] in the [[Western Ghats]] of southern [[India]] with [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]. This [[biome]] covers the [[Nilgiri Hills]] between elevation of {{cvt|250|and|1000|m}} in [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> The [[ecoregion]] has an area of {{convert|23,800|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. It includes the southern ranges of the [[Western Ghats]], including the [[Agastyamalai]] and [[Anaimalai Hills|Anamalai]], and the eastward spurs or slopes of the [[Nilgiri Hills]] and [[Palani Hills]]. The forests of [[Wayanad]] in northern [[Kerala]] mark the transition to the [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] to the north. To the west, the [[Malabar Coast moist forests]] ecoregion lies in the coastal strip between the 250 meter contour and the [[Malabar Coast]]. To the east, the ecoregion transitions to the [[South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]] ecoregion in the drier [[rain shadow]] of the Western Ghats. It surrounds the [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]] ecoregion, which lies above 1000 meters elevation.&lt;ref name = wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Climate==<br /> The climate of the ecoregion is tropical, and varies with elevation and exposure.<br /> <br /> The western slopes of the mountains intercept moisture-bearing winds during the June to September southwest monsoon, when 65% to 80% of the annual rainfall occurs. The northeast monsoon brings additional rain between October and November. [[Evapotranspiration]] from the forests and moist sea air from the Arabian Sea provide additional humidity. December to May are the driest months. Rainfall on the west side of the range averages 2,000–3,000 mm annually. The eastern slopes are on the rain shadow of the mountains, and rainfall averages 1000 to 2000 mm annually.&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn-unep&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Ghats&quot;. World Heritage Datasheet. International Union for Conservation of Nature and UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2017. Accessed 12 November 2020. [https://yichuans.github.io/datasheet/output/site/western-ghats/]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Average temperatures are generally cooler than in the adjacent lowlands, and decrease with increasing elevation.<br /> <br /> ==Flora==<br /> Many forest trees lose their leaves during the dry season. Typical tree species include ''[[Adina cordifolia]], [[Albizia odoratissima]], [[Albizia procera]], [[Alstonia scholaris]], [[Bombax ceiba]], [[Toona ciliata]], [[Dalbergia latifolia]], [[Grewia tiliaefolia]], [[Holoptelea integrifolia]], [[Hymenodictyon excelsum]], [[Lagerstroemia microcarpa|Lagerstroemia lanceolata]], [[Lagerstroemia speciosa]], [[Lannea coromandelica]], [[Miliusa velutina]], [[Pterocarpus marsupium]], [[Schleichera oleosa]], [[Spondias pinnata]], [[Radermachera xylocarpa]], [[Tectona grandis]], [[Terminalia bellerica]], [[Terminalia paniculata]], [[Terminalia tomentosa]], [[Vitex altissima]], [[Xylia xylocarpa]]'', and ''[[Machilus macrantha]]''.&lt;ref name = wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Fauna==<br /> There are 89 native mammal species in the ecoregion. Larger mammals include the [[tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''), [[Asian elephant]] (''Elephas elephas''), [[gaur]] (''Bos gaurus''), [[Nilgiri langur]] (''Semnopithecus johnii''), [[dhole]] or Asian wild dog (''Cuon alpinus''), and [[sloth bear]] (''Melursus ursinus''). Among the smaller mammals are several threatened species, including [[Jerdon's palm civet]] (''Paradoxurus jerdoni''), [[Gray slender loris]] (''Loris lydekkerianus''), [[grizzled giant squirrel]] (''Ratufa macroura''), and [[Indian giant squirrel]] (''Ratufa indica''). There are no strictly endemic mammals. The ranges of the Nilgiri langur, Jerdon's civet, and [[Malabar large-spotted civet]] (''Viverra civettina'') extend upwards into the montane rain forests and downwards into the Malabar coastal forests. [[Day's shrew]] (''Suncus dayi'') is also found in the coastal forests, and [[Layard's striped squirrel]] (''Funambulus layardi'') extends into the montane rain forests.&lt;ref name = wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> The ecoregion has 322 native species of birds. There are nine near-endemic species, which are also found in the adjacent montane rain forests: the [[Nilgiri wood pigeon]] (''Columba elphinstonii''), [[Malabar grey hornbill]] (''Ocyceros griseus''), [[grey-headed bulbul]] (''Brachypodius priocephalus''), [[rufous babbler]] (''Argya subrufa''), [[white-bellied treepie]] (''Dendrocitta leucogastra''), [[black-and-rufous flycatcher]] (''Ficedula nigrorufa''), [[Nilgiri flycatcher]] (''Eumyias albicaudata''), [[yellow-throated bulbul]] (''Pycnonotus xantholaemus''), and [[Malabar parakeet]] (''Psittacula columboides'').&lt;ref name = wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Protected areas==<br /> A 2017 assessment found that 6,645 km², or 28%, of the ecoregion was in protected areas. Another 50% is forested but outside protected areas.&lt;ref name = dinerstein/&gt; In 1997, the [[World Wildlife Fund]] identified fourteen protected areas in the ecoregion, with a combined area of approximately 4,960 km², that encompassed 21% of the ecoregion's area. The adjacent protected areas of Bandipur, Nagarhole, Mudumalai, and Wyanad are home to India's largest protected population of elephants, with over 2500 individuals.&lt;ref&gt;Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; [[Washington, DC]]. pp. 313-315&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * [[Bandipur National Park]], Karnataka (1,110 km²)<br /> * Bilgiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka (370 km², partly in the [[South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]])<br /> * [[Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary]], Kerala (50 km²)<br /> * [[Eravikulam National Park]], Kerala (90 km², partly in the [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]])<br /> * [[Indira Gandhi National Park]] (Anamalai), Tamil Nadu (620 km² partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)<br /> * [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]], Tamil Nadu (895 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)<br /> * [[Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary]], Tamil Nadu (310 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)<br /> * [[Mudumalai National Park]], Tamil Nadu 400 km²)<br /> * [[Nagarhole National Park]], Karnataka (620 km²)<br /> * [[Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary]], Kerala (128 km²)<br /> * [[Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary]], Kerala (285 km²)<br /> * [[Periyar National Park]], Kerala (470 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)<br /> * [[Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary]], Kerala (40 km² partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)<br /> * [[Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary]], Kerala (430 km²)<br /> <br /> In 2000 a portion of The Nilgiris was designated a [[biosphere reserve]] under [[UNESCO]]'s [[Man and the Biosphere Programme]]. In 2012 a [[World Heritage Site]] was designated in the Western Ghats, covering seven groups of protected areas in the range. Four of those areas - Agasthyamalai, Periyar, Anamalai, and Nilgiri – extend through the ecoregion.&lt;ref name = iucn-unep/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{WWF ecoregion|name=South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|id=im0150}}<br /> <br /> {{Ecoregions of India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests| ]]<br /> [[Category:Ecoregions of India]]<br /> [[Category:Forests of India]]<br /> [[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]<br /> [[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_in_India&diff=498939 2026-04-20T03:38:20Z

<p>Aranyam: started new post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> <br /> '''India''' is a country with an [[History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent|ancient clothing design tradition]], yet an emerging [[fashion industry]]. Though a handful of designers existed before the 1980s, the late 1980s and the 1990s saw a spurt of growth. This was the result of increasing exposure to global fashion and the economic boom of the [[economic liberalization in India|economic liberalization]] of the [[Indian economy]] in 1990. The following decades firmly established fashion as an industry across India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> ===Modern history===<br /> [[File:Bollywood Fashion Awards, 2006.jpg|thumb|200px|Post-independence focus on revival of traditional textile and design led to the rise of &quot;ethnic chic&quot;.]]<br /> <br /> The history of [[clothing in India]] dates back to ancient times, yet fashion is a new [[Industry (economics)|industry]], as it was the [[Fashion in india#Traditional clothing|traditional Indian clothing]] with regional variations, be it the [[sari]], [[ghagra choli]] or [[dhoti]], that remained popular until the early decades of [[Independence of India|post-independence]] India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tierney2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Tom Tierney|title=Fashions from India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdOsQadR9_cC|page=3|year= 2013|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|isbn=978-0-486-43040-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; A common form of Indian fashion originates from Western culture. Fashion includes a series of sequins and gold thread to attract customers and make a statement to the Indian fashion community. A famous Indian fashion trademark is [[embroidery]], an art of sewing distinct thread patterns. A way to include the traditional look and create a new fashion statement includes embroidery applied to different dresses, skirts, shirts, and pants to reflect the western culture influence, as well as include the [[Indian tradition]].<br /> <br /> As part of larger revival movement in the Indian textile industry, [[Ritu Kumar]], a Kolkata-based designer and textile print-expert started working on reviving the traditional [[Textile printing#Hand block printing|hand block printing]] techniques of Bengal, and making it a part of the fashion industry, established &quot;ethnic chic&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrewardGilbert2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Christopher Breward|author2=David Gilbert|title=Fashion's World Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTgN_68QaWgC&amp;pg=PA220|year=2006|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84520-413-6|pages=220–}}&lt;/ref&gt; She opened her first boutique in Delhi in 1966. In 1973, she first showcased the [[Zardozi]] [[embroidery]] in her garments, which had its origins in the royal costumes dating back to the [[Mughal era]]. This led to the revival of this lost art. In time, [[Embroidery of India|embroidery]] became a prominent feature of [[Indian wedding]] attire, and also one of the country's biggest fashion exports.&lt;ref name=li551/&gt;&lt;ref name=htfashion&gt;{{Cite news|title=Indian fashion's greatest hits |author=Yashica Dutt |author-link=Yashica Dutt |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Indian-fashion-s-greatest-hits/Article1-1098677.aspx |publisher=Hindustan Times, Brunch |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=28 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803133051/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Indian-fashion-s-greatest-hits/Article1-1098677.aspx |archive-date=3 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This was a period of revival, where various organisations, NGOs and individuals were involved in reviving traditional Indian techniques, in weaving, printing, dyeing or embroidery, including ''[[ikat]]'', ''[[Patola Saree|patola]]'' (double-ikat), ''[[bandhani]]'' (tie-dye) and ''[[Shisha (embroidery)|shisha]]'' (mirror embroidery).&lt;ref name=li551/&gt; Another noted contributor to India's couture revival is the designer duo Shyamal &amp; Bhumika, based in Ahmedabad, known for blending traditional crafts with modern bridal and couture silhouettes.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vogue.in/fashion/promotion/shyamal-and-bhumika-is-paying-homage-to-indian-heritage-with-their-hand-crafted-collections {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An early trendsetter in fashion was [[Bollywood]] ([[Hindi cinema]]), where costume designers like [[Bhanu Athaiya]] started experimenting with film fashion in the 1960s. Athaiya started working on period costumes in ''[[Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam]]'' (1962) and ''[[Amrapali (film)|Amrapali]]'' (1966), though she went on to introduce varied trends through ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' (1966), ''[[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' (1976), ''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]'' (1980) and ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989). These were soon followed by the mass market. Also, situations and themes in Indian cinema became westernised, making way for the display of diverse fashion. Over the years, popular Bollywood trends have been the [[Madhubala]]'s [[Anarkali]]-look with kurtas and churidars in ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960), purple embroidered sari worn by [[Madhuri Dixit]] in ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun...!]]'' (1994), to [[Rani Mukherji]]'s short kurti-suits in ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005), and chiffon sarees and trench coats in ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006), ''[[Veer Zaara]]'' suits and blouses from ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''. This comes besides various fashion interpretations of the sari in films like ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989) with [[Sridevi]], ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004) with [[Sushmita Sen]] and ''[[Dostana (2008 film)|Dostana]]'' (2008) with [[Priyanka Chopra]], which became fashion trends.&lt;ref name=today/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Bollywood: The fashion guru | url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/brand-ambassadors/bollywood-the-fashion-guru/articleshow/2220220.cms | publisher = The Economic Times | date =4 Jul 2007| access-date = 28 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> However, in recent decades, with increasing exposure to the West, its influence is no longer as strong as in previous decades.&lt;ref name=today&gt;{{Cite web | title = Bollywood influence on fashion trends waning? : Style File| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/beauty/story/bollywood-influence-on-fashion-trends-122308-2012-11-22 | publisher = India Today | date =November 23, 2012| access-date = 28 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; By the 2000s, with rise in the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]] around the world and the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|non-resident Indians]], Bollywood continues to exert far greater influence on the fashion sensibilities amongst Indians around the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;GuptaOmoniyi2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Suman Gupta|author2=Tope Omoniyi|title=The Cultures of Economic Migration: International Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nr2724-bOfMC&amp;pg=PA202|page=202|year= 2007|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9093-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The West embraces Bollywood's influences more than ever |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/the-west-embraces-bollywood-s-influences-more-than-ever-1.386993 |publisher=The National |date=Apr 10, 2012 |access-date=28 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230193657/http://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/fashion/the-west-embraces-bollywoods-influences-more-than-ever |archive-date=30 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1980s-1990s and fashion boom===<br /> By the early 1980s, the first generation of Indian fashion designers started cropping up, including [[Satya Paul]]. However, it was [[Rohit Khosla]] (1958–1994) who became a pioneer in the fashion industry when he co-founded Ensemble in 1987 with [[Tarun Tahiliani]], Abu Jani-Sandeep Khosla and others. Though the &quot;Anarkali-style&quot; has been around ever since, it was first popularised after ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1969). It was Abu Jani-[[Sandeep Khosla]], who, inspired by costumes of Mughal courtesans and [[Meena Kumari]]'s costumes in ''[[Pakeezah]]'' (1975), introduced the floor-length ''Anarkali''-style of ''[[churidaar]]-[[kurta]]'' in 1988, which soon became the Indian version of the [[ball gown]].&lt;ref name=htfashion/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1986, the [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Ministry of Textiles]], [[Government of India]] opened the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT) in Delhi with the help of the [[Fashion Institute of Technology]], New York. It played an important role in bringing in locally trained fashion designers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/21/style/new-fashion-school-in-india-draws-from-a-rich-heritage.html New Fashion School in India Draws From a Rich Heritage], by Barbara Crossette, ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 21, 1989.&lt;/ref&gt; By 2010, it had developed 15 branches across India, and smaller private fashion institutions had also developed.&lt;ref name=li553&gt;[[#Li|Linda, p. 553]]&lt;/ref&gt; Also in 1987, [[Tarun Tahiliani]] and his wife Shailja 'Sal' Tahiliani, founded Ensemble, India's first multi-designer boutique in Mumbai.&lt;ref name=tele10&gt;{{cite web |author=Chitra Papnai| title = Lord of the ramp|work=The Telegraph (India) | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/graphiti/story_13169495.jsp| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101123041337/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/graphiti/story_13169495.jsp| url-status = dead| archive-date = November 23, 2010|date=November 14, 2010| access-date = 2014-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Couple Who Took Fashion Off The Street |publisher= Business Standard <br /> | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/the-couple-who-took-fashion-off-the-street-197101801010_1.html |date= October 18, 1997| access-date = 2014-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1990, [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalisation]] of the [[Indian economy]] took place, which also propelled the fashion industry.&lt;ref name=li551&gt;[[#Li|Linda, p. 551]]&lt;/ref&gt; In the following decade, the fashion industry experienced a boom, both in terms of volume and trends. Designer [[Suneet Varma]], inspired by his [[corsetry]]- reigning in France, introduced an Indo-Western, metal breast plate, followed by the &quot;corset blouse&quot; in 1992, made with satin, polyester taffeta or stretch lace. It was designed to replace the traditional [[choli]], or Indian [[blouse]], worn with a sari.&lt;ref name=htfashion/&gt; In its early years, the 1980s, Indian design largely focused on ''[[haute couture]]''; however, in the next decade, India saw a growth in the domestic retail industry, as well as an influx of outsourced garment business from the western countries. This meant better quality and larger manufacturing facilities available locally. Together, these reasons spurred many Indian designers to start their ''[[prêt-à-porter]]'' ([[ready-to-wear]]) lines.&lt;ref name=li555&gt;[[#Li|Linda, p. 555]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;God-printed T-shirts&quot; were introduced by [[Manish Arora]] in 1997, along with Indian [[kitsch]] and street art in saturated colours on fashionwear.&lt;ref name=htfashion/&gt; Another important reinvention was made in 1998 by Monisha Jaisingh, who shortened the traditional ''[[kurta]]'' to develop the ''Kurti'', which became popular worldwide as the &quot;Indian embroidered [[tunic]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=htfashion/&gt; Also in the same year, the [[Fashion Design Council of India]] was established, which later started the [[India Fashion Week]] in Delhi, to promote Indian designers and manufacturers.&lt;ref name=li553/&gt; In 2000, another Bollywood costume designer, [[Manish Malhotra]], became an important influence on Indian fashion. Having designed the trendy looks for actresses [[Urmila Matondkar]] in ''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]'' (1995) and [[Karisma Kapoor]] in ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' (1996), he introduced the &quot;cocktail sari&quot; in 2000. Using pastel colours and fabrics like chiffon, satin or net, it revived the traditional sari in a modern avatar. He was, in turn, inspired by the popular Bollywood saris of the 1960s and the chiffon saris worn by the actress in [[Yash Chopra]] films, like ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989).&lt;ref name=htfashion/&gt; This also started another era of Bollywood fashion influence and its collaboration with leading designers, besides leading actors and actresses occasionally walking the ramp for some designers.&lt;ref name=&quot;eco&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> By 2009, the Indian fashion industry, despite the ongoing recession, was worth {{INR Convert| 2.9|b}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;eco09&quot;/&gt; Also in the same year, [[Manish Arora]], known for his quirky-[[kitsch]], became the first Indian designer to participate in [[Paris Fashion Week]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eco09&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Indian fashion industry going innovative to survive recession's onslaught | url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-07-25/news/27640843_1_fashion-designer-indian-fashion-industry-international-fashion-arena | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110923043651/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-07-25/news/27640843_1_fashion-designer-indian-fashion-industry-international-fashion-arena | url-status = dead | archive-date = September 23, 2011 | publisher = The Economic Times| date =Jul 25, 2009 | access-date = 28 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2010 onwards – change in Indian Menswear fashion===<br /> <br /> [[Lakme Fashion Week]]'s Gen Next programme has helped give a launch platform for some of the newest and avant-garde designers in this country. Fashion designers such as Antar Agni, Mr Ajay Kumar, and Bloni are some of the newest designers on the block. Mr. Ajay Kumar is one such designer who has revolutionised the way Indian men perceive fashion - introducing the signature print-on-print look for men.&lt;ref name=GenNext&gt;{{cite web|title=Lakme Fashion Week|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/is-lakme-fashion-week-s-gen-next-platform-still-relevant-1565357319788.html|access-date=11 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has brought colourful prints for men and with the likes of celebrities such as [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Shahid Kapoor]] popularising such looks, men in India have become more experimental and flamboyant in their outlook. Antar Agni has introduced draped menswear, which is quite popular amongst the new-age men who want to experiment with silhouettes.&lt;ref name=Lakme&gt;{{cite web|title=20 years of Gen Next at Lakme Fashion Week|url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/lakme-fashion-week-celebrates-its-20th-anniversary-with-a-special-gen-next-opening-show-trends|access-date=10 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cities==<br /> <br /> [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Chennai]] are important centres of fashion designing and manufacturing in India, followed by [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Pune]] and other large cities. Mumbai and Bangalore are home to some of the top fashion rental services in India.<br /> <br /> ==Fashion weeks==<br /> <br /> *[[Vivz World Fashion Week]] (Pune)<br /> * [[India Fashion Week]] (Delhi)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jewellery trends by Poonam Soni for 2015|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/jewellery-trends-by-poonam-soni-for-2015/15860193|website=Mid-Day.com|publisher=Mid_Day|access-date=23 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Lakme Fashion Week]] (Mumbai)<br /> * Indian Federation for Fashion Development's [[India Runway Week]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Soha Ali Khan speaks about wanderlust at India Runway Week| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Soha-Ali-Khan-speaks-about-wanderlust-at-India-Runway-Week/articleshow/54389951.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Delhi)<br /> * [[Bangalore Fashion Week]]<br /> * [[Mysore Fashion Week]]<br /> * [[India Kids Fashion Week]]<br /> <br /> ==Fashion exhibitions==<br /> <br /> *[[Hi Life Fashion Exhibitions]]<br /> <br /> ==Noted fashion designers==<br /> * [[List of fashion designers#India|List of fashion designers in India]]<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> The Indian fashion industry was the theme of the 2008 Hindi film, ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]'', written and directed by [[Madhur Bhandarkar]], starring [[Priyanka Chopra]] and [[Kangana Ranaut]] as the leads.&lt;ref name=&quot;toir&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Fashion Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Fashion/movie-review/3659730.cms|author=Kazmi, Nikhat|work=The Times of India|date=31 October 2008|access-date=July 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Academic research on Indian fashion ==<br /> The Indian fashion industry as such remains academically understudied, even though there is research available on textiles, craft traditions and the history of Indian dress. The only anthropological study of the Indian fashion industry, based on ethnographic research in [[North India|Northern India]], specifically [[New Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]] and dealing with both the worlds of luxury fashion designers and the worlds of craftspeople and workers in the industry, is Tereza Kuldova's work ''Luxury Indian Fashion: A Social Critique'', published by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Kuldova|first1=Tereza|title=Luxury Indian Fashion: A Social Critique|date=24 March 2016|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London|isbn=9781474220934|pages=224|url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/luxury-indian-fashion-9781474220934/|access-date=16 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{cmn|<br /> * [[Clothing in India]]<br /> * [[History of fashion design]]<br /> * [[Indo-Western clothing]]<br /> * [[Paambadam]]<br /> * [[1950s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[1960s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[1970s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[1980s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[1990s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[2000s in Indian fashion]]<br /> * [[2010s in Indian fashion]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Kuldova|first1=Tereza|title=Luxury Indian Fashion: A Social Critique|date=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London|isbn=9781474220941|url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/luxury-indian-fashion-9781474220941/}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book|author=Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra|title=Fashion Styles of Ancient India: A Study of Kalinga from Earliest Times to Sixteenth Century AD|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QO2BAAAAMAAJ|year= 1992|publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7018-723-3}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Subodh Kapoor|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KjlbinB5Xj8C&amp;pg=PA2316|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-257-7|pages=2316–}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Federico Rocca|title=Contemporary Indian Fashion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqluPgAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Distributed Art Pub Incorporated|isbn=978-88-6208-100-9}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Michael Boroian|author2=Alix de Poix|title=India by Design: The Pursuit of Luxury and Fashion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R531j7QrmGUC|year=2009|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-0-470-82396-5}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Linda Welters|author2=Abby Lillethun|title=The Fashion Reader: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Biu0_e2oHyQC&amp;pg=PA553 |year= 2011|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84788-590-6|ref=Li}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Kuldova|first1=Tereza|title=Fashion India: Spectacular Capitalism|date=2013|publisher=Akademika Publishing|location=Oslo|isbn=9788232103195|url=http://www.akademika.no/fashion-india/kuldova-tereza/tereza-kuldova/9788232103195}}<br /> *Chandra, M., Gupta, S. P., In Dikshit, K. N., In Dwivedi, V. P., &amp; In Asthana, S. (1973). Costumes, textiles, cosmetics &amp; coiffure in ancient and mediaeval India. Delhi: Oriental Publishers on behalf of the Indian Archaeological Society.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category-inline|Fashion of India}}<br /> <br /> {{Fashion}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian fashion| ]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Tuticorin&diff=497305 2026-04-18T22:47:28Z

<p>Aranyam: started a entry.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox diocese<br /> |jurisdiction = Diocese <br /> |name = Tuticorin <br /> |latin = Dioecesis Tuticorensis<br /> |local = தூத்துக்குடி மறைமாவட்டம் <br /> |image = File:Sacred Heart Cathedral Tuticorin.jpg<br /> |image_size = <br /> |image_alt = <br /> |caption = Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tuticorin, The Mother Church of the Diocese<br /> &lt;!---- Locations ----&gt;<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]] <br /> |province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]] <br /> |deaneries = 5<br /> |rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]<br /> |area_km2 = 6,440<br /> |population = 2,590,000<br /> |population_as_of = 2011<br /> |catholics = 621,820<br /> |catholics_percent= 26.3<br /> &lt;!---- Information ----&gt;<br /> | denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]<br /> | established = 12 June 1923<br /> | cathedral = Sacred Heart Cathedral in [[Thoothukudi]]<br /> | cocathedral = <br /> | parishes = 120<br /> | patron = [[Saint Francis Xavier]]&lt;br&gt;[[Saint Thérèse of Lisieux]] <br /> | priests = <br /> &lt;!---- Current leadership ----&gt;<br /> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<br /> | bishop = Most Rev Dr [[Stephen Antony Pillai]]<br /> | bishop_title = Bishop<br /> | metro_archbishop = Most Rev Dr.Antony Pappusamy<br /> | coadjutor = <br /> | vicar_general = Fr Panneer Selvam N.A. <br /> | suffragans =<br /> | auxiliary_bishops = <br /> | apostolic_admin = <br /> | emeritus_bishops = Rev. Dr. [[Yvon Ambroise]]<br /> &lt;!---- Map ----&gt;<br /> | map = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> &lt;!---- Website ----&gt;<br /> | website = [http://tuticorindiocese.org/ Website of the Diocese] <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin''' ({{langx|la| Tuticoren(sis)}}) is a unit (or '[[Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites|particular Church]]') of the [[Catholic Church]] in the city of [[Tuticorin]], part of the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]] in India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> The diocese of Tuticorin comprises the major part of the Tuticorin district, nearly half of the Nellai district and a small portion of the Kanyakumari district. The Catholics of this area trace their origin to the time of [[Francis Xavier|St. Francis Xavier]] who spent most of his missionary life in this area. Separated from the diocese of Tiruchirapalli, Tuticorin was created as a diocese and entrusted to the diocesan clergy in 1923 by the Apostolic Brief &quot;Quae Catholico Nomini&quot; of Pope Pius XI. It was entrusted to the indigenous clergy with Rt. Rev. Francis Tiburtius Roche s.j., as its first bishop. He was also the first Indian bishop of the Latin Rite. The patrons of the diocese are St. Francis Xavier and [[Thérèse of Lisieux|St. Teresa of the Child Jesus]].<br /> <br /> ==Vicariates==<br /> Five Vicariates are present in the Tuticorin diocese. <br /> Vicariates and Forane Churches are:<br /> *[[Tuticorin]] - [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tuticorin]], [[Tuticorin]] <br /> *[[Sathankulam]] - [[Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Sathankulam]], [[Sathankulam]]<br /> *[[Vadakkankulam]] - [[Holy Family Church, Vadakkankulam]], [[Vadakkankulam]]<br /> *[[Manapad]] - [[St. Thoma's Church]], [[Veerapandianpattinam]], [[Tiruchendur]]<br /> *[[Kurukkusalai]] - [[Infant Jesus Church]], [[Vemboor]]<br /> <br /> ==Famous churches==<br /> *Minor Basilica<br /> **[[Shrine Basilica of Our Lady of the Snows]], Tuticorin<br /> *Cathedral<br /> **Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tuticorin<br /> *Special Churches<br /> ** [[Holy Cross Shrine]], [[Manapad]]<br /> ** [[St. Antony's shrine]], [[Uvari]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Assumption Shrine]], [[Vadakkankulam]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Red Sand Shrine]], Sokkankudiyirupu via [[Sathankulam]]<br /> ** [[Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Sathankulam]], [[Sathankulam]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Snows, Kallikulam]] <br /> ** [[Our Lady of Holy Marriage Shrine ]], pothakalavilai via [[Sathankulam]]<br /> ** [[Sacred Heart Jesus]], [[Alanthalai]] via [[Tiruchendur]]<br /> ** [[Holy Redeemer church]], [[Thisayanvilai]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Fatima Shrine]], [[Valliyur]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Rajakanni Church]], [[Punnakayal]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Nativity ( St. Lucia Shrine ) ]], [[Anaikarai]] via [[Thisayanvilai]]<br /> ** [[St. James Shrine]], [[Srivaikuntam]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Sarrows Shrine]], [[Malayankulam]] via [[Nanguneri]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Velankanni shrine]], [[Kavalkinaru]]<br /> ** [[St. Joseph Church]], [[Kootapuli]]<br /> ** [[Sacred Heart Jesus Church]], [[Kavalkinaru]]<br /> ** [[St. Joseph Shrine, Panagudi]]<br /> ** [[St. Thomas church]], [[Vembar]]<br /> ** [[Holy Spirit Church (Manapad)|Holy Spirit Church]], [[Manapad]]<br /> ** [[Amali Annai Church]], [[Tiruchendur]]<br /> ** [[St. Thomas Church ]][[Tiruchendur]]<br /> ** [[Selva Matha Church]], [[Uvari]]<br /> ** [[St. Anthony's Shrine]], [[Thoothukudi]]<br /> ** [[Our Lady of Lourdes Church]], [[Idinthakarai]]<br /> ** [[St. Antony's Church]], [[Azhagappapuram]]<br /> ** [[St Anne's Church (Koodankulam)|St Anne's Church]], [[Koodankulam]]<br /> <br /> ==Notable People==<br /> *[[Parathavarma Pandian|Senhor dos Senhores Don Gabriel da Cruz]](Parathavarma Pandian) was a notable king of the Paravars who helped [[Maruthu Pandiyar]] and other freedom fighters. This king was also responsible for the construction of the Golden Car of the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Thoothukudi]]. He was also known as Pandiapathy.<br /> *Bishop [[Francis Tiburtius Roche]] (First indigenous bishop of Latin Rite in India, in China, in Asia and in Africa).<br /> *Bishop [[Peter Fernando]] (Former Bishop of Tuticorin Diocese and Archbishop of Madurai Diocese) was a Roman Catholic bishop, born in Idinthakarai on 22 March 1939. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of Tuticorin on 31 May 1971<br /> *Bishop [[Thomas Fernando]] (Former Bishop of Tuticorin &amp; Trichy Dioceses, Participated in the [[Second Vatican Council]], Helped poet Kannadasan to write Yesu Kaviyam, Founder of Kalai Kaveri College). He was born on 9 May 1913 in Idinthakarai, Tirunelveli district He founded a congregation of St Thomas Catechetical Sisters in Tirichirapalli. He is hailed for helping Tamil poet [[Kannadasan]] write ''Yesu Kaviyam''<br /> *Bishop [[Antony Devotta]] (Former Bishop of Trichy Diocese, First Indian Bishop and second bishop in the worldwide Catholic Church to donate his body).<br /> *[[Chandrababu|J.P. Chandrababu Rodriguez]] was an Indian actor, comedian, playback singer and film director.<br /> *[[Dewan Bahadur]] Chevalier [[I. X. Pereira]] ('''Ignatius Xavier Pereira''') {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order of St. Sylvester|KCSS]]}}, colonial-era Sri Lankan businessman and politician. He became a Chevalier of the Order of St. Sylvester, which is one of the five orders of knighthood awarded directly by the [[Pope]] as Supreme Pontiff and head of the Catholic Church and as the Head of State of [[Vatican City]]. <br /> *[[Rao Bahadur]] [[Cruz Fernandez]] (Legislator). he was an Indian businessman. He was the longest-serving chairman of [[Thoothukudi|Tuticorin]] Municipality and is considered the father and architect of Modern Tuticorin.<br /> *Chevalier [[J. L. P. Roche Victoria]] (Former State Minister from [[Tamil Nadu]]). Victoria became a Chevalier of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]]<br /> *Chevalier C.I.R. Machado [[Order of St. Gregory the Great|KSG]] became a Chevalier of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]].<br /> *[[S. M. Diaz]] [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] was a former [[Inspector-General of Police]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<br /> *[[Valampuri John]] (Tamil Writer, Orator and Former member of Rajya Sabha).<br /> *[[Ignaci Siluvai]] (Catholic Priest &amp; Educator).<br /> *[[S. Jennifer Chandran]] was an Indian politician and was a Member of the Legislative Assembly.<br /> *[[Jeyaraj]]. Thomas Jeyaraj Fernando is a renowned painter in Tamilnadu. He has illustrated the works of more than 400 writers - mainly cover art, artwork, comics and as a costume designer for films. Along with friends, he has run a manuscript magazine called sculptor.<br /> <br /> ==Leadership==<br /> * [[Bishop]]s of Tuticorin ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])<br /> ** Bishop [[Stephen Antony Pillai|Stephen Antony]] (17 January 2019 – present)<br /> ** Bishop [[Yvon Ambrose]] (1 April 2005 – 17 January 2019)<br /> ** Bishop [[Peter Fernando]] (later Archbishop) (8 December 1999 – 22 March 2003)<br /> ** Bishop [[Siluvaimathu Teresanathan Amalnather]] (29 November 1980 – 8 December 1999)<br /> ** Bishop [[Ambrose Mathalaimuthu]] (30 August 1971 – 6 December 1979)<br /> ** Bishop [[Thomas Fernando]] (26 June 1953 – 23 November 1970)<br /> ** Bishop [[Francis Tiburtius Roche]] S.J. (12 June 1923 – 26 June 1953)<br /> <br /> ==Saints and causes for canonisation==<br /> * Servant of God Fr. Antony Soosainather, CR&lt;ref name=&quot;CCBI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints &amp; Blessed – CCBI|accessdate=Oct 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Servant of God, Rev. Fr. Augustine Pereira<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/tuti0.htm GCatholic.org]<br /> * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dtuti.html Catholic Hierarchy]<br /> * [http://tuticorindiocese.org/history.htm How the diocese emerged], Diocese of Tuticorin<br /> <br /> {{coord|8.8048|N|78.1564|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tuticorin}}<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Christian organizations established in 1923|Roman]]<br /> [[Category:Thoothukudi|Roman]]<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Roman]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattachitra&diff=547558 2026-04-14T12:52:09Z

<p>Aranyam: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Traditional art work of West Bengal and Odisha, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox geographical indication<br /> | name = Pattachitra<br /> |image= {{Photomontage<br /> | photo1a = Odisha Pattachitara Depicting Unconditional Love between Radha Krushna.jpg|thumb|Odisha Pattachitara Depicting Unconditional Love between Radha Krushna (Krishna)<br /> | photo2b = Extrait de Chandi Mangal de Hazra Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1439702942).jpg<br /> | position = centre<br /> | size = 250<br /> | foot_montage = [[Odisha]] Pattachitra (top) depicting [[Radha Krishna]]. [[Bengal|Bengali]] Patachitra (bottom) depicting [[Durga]].<br /> }} <br /> | alt =<br /> | alternative names = Patachitra<br /> | description =Patachitra (or Pattachitra in Odisha) is an old traditional art of [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]<br /> | area = * [[Raghurajpur]], [[Puri]], Danda Sahi, [[Parlakhemundi]], [[Chikiti]], [[Digapahandi]], [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Dharakote]] (Odisha)&lt;ref name=&quot;odisha.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/November/engpdf/46-48.pdf | title=Registration of Geographical Indications and Orissa | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110190425/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/November/engpdf/46-48.pdf | archive-date=10 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Orissa Pattachitra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/orissa-pattachitra/article14422369.ece |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122102657/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/orissa-pattachitra/article14422369.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> * [[Birbhum]], [[West Midnapore]], Nayagram of [[Pingla]] block in [[Jhargram]], [[Bardhaman]], [[Murshidabad]] district and [[Kalighat]] region (West Bengal)&lt;ref&gt;Bose, Nirmal Kumar. 1953. ''Folk religion of Bengal, part I number I (A study of the Vrata rites).''C. Kar, Benoy Bose Road, Calcutta, India&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mediaindia.eu/art-culture/patachitra-ancient-scroll-painting-of-bengal/|title=Patachitra: Ancient scroll painting of Bengal|date=26 April 2017|work=Media India Group|access-date=18 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120435/https://mediaindia.eu/art-culture/patachitra-ancient-scroll-painting-of-bengal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | registered =*[[Odisha]] Pattachitra: 10 July 2008<br /> *[[West Bengal|Bengal]] Patachitra: 28 March 2018<br /> | material = Cloth, Silk, Palm leaf, Paper, Color, Theme<br /> | official website ={{URL|http://www.ipindia.nic.in/registered-gls.htm|ipindiaservices.gov.in}}}}<br /> <br /> '''Patachitra''' or '''Pattachitra''' is a general term for traditional, cloth-based [[scroll]] painting,&lt;ref&gt;SenGupta, pp. 13.&lt;/ref&gt; based in the eastern Indian [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Odisha]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.daricha.org/sub_genre.aspx?ID=39&amp;Name=Patachitra|title=:::::: Daricha Foundation ::::::|access-date=11 May 2018|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122102659/http://www.daricha.org/sub_genre.aspx?ID=39&amp;Name=Patachitra|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Patta Chitra|url=http://www.paramparaproject.org/traditions_pata-chitra.html|access-date=2 March 2014|archive-date=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521003914/http://www.paramparaproject.org/traditions_pata-chitra.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[West Bengal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Rahaman|first1=Md Motiur|last2=Hom Choudhury|first2=Mahuya|last3=Sengupta|first3=Sangita|date=29 February 2016|title=VALIDATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (G.I) REGISTRATION OF PATACHITRA OF WEST BENGAL- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320172069}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as parts of [[Bangladesh]]. Patachitra art form is known for its intricate details as well as mythological narratives and folktales inscribed in it. Pattachitra is one of the ancient artworks of [[Odisha]], originally created for ritual use and as souvenirs for pilgrims to [[Puri]], as well as other temples in Odisha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gadon|first=Elinor W.|date=February 2000|title=Indian Art Worlds in Contention: Local, Regional and National Discourses on Orissan Patta Paintings. By Helle Bundgaard. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, No. 80. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999. 247 pp. $45.00 (cloth).|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/indian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth/F46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|language=en|volume=59|issue=1|pages=192–194|doi=10.2307/2658630|jstor=2658630|s2cid=201436927|issn=1752-0401|access-date=29 August 2020|archive-date=29 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829190142/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/indian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth/F46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Patachitras are a component of an ancient [[Bengalis|Bengali]] narrative art, originally serving as a visual device during the performance of a song.&lt;ref name=&quot;chitrolekha.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://chitrolekha.com/myths-and-folktales-patachitra/|title=Myths and Folktales in the Patachitra Art of Bengal: Tradition and Modernity - The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design|date=2 August 2015|work=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design|access-date=18 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519054832/http://chitrolekha.com/myths-and-folktales-patachitra/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> In [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], the word ''paṭṭa'' means &quot;cloth&quot; and ''chitra'' means &quot;picture&quot;. Most of these paintings depict stories of Hindu deities.&lt;ref&gt;SenGupta, pp. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early history==<br /> ''Charanachitras'', ''Mankhas'', ''Yamapatas'' were ancient forms of paintings executed on textile-scrolls and dealt with themes of a narrative-didactic nature of storytelling, which finds mentions in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist texts. According to historian [[Niharranjan Ray|N.R Ray]], these textile-scroll paintings were ancestors of the Pattachitra art form.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Balakrishna |first1=Sandeep |title=Mankhas as the Extinct Inheritors of a Profound Cultural Treasure |url=https://www.dharmadispatch.in/culture/mankhas-as-the-extinct-inheritors-of-a-profound-cultural-treasure |website=The Dharma Dispatch |language=en |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=25 June 2024 |archive-date=24 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624153303/https://www.dharmadispatch.in/culture/mankhas-as-the-extinct-inheritors-of-a-profound-cultural-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Odisha Patachitra==<br /> Pattachitra is a traditional painting of Odisha, India. Originating at puri.&lt;ref name=&quot;odisha.gov.in&quot;/&gt; These paintings are based on [[Hinduism]] and specially inspired by [[Jagannath]] and [[Vaishnava]] traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Patta Chitra|url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&amp;vchplinkid=PL060&amp;vchslinkid=SL036|access-date=30 May 2012|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923182155/http://www1.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&amp;vchplinkid=PL060&amp;vchslinkid=SL036|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; All colours used in the Paintings are natural and paintings are made ancient traditional way by Chitrakaras that is Odiya Painter. Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of [[Odisha]]. The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words ''patta'', meaning canvas, and ''chitra'', meaning picture. Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colourful application, creative motifs, designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mostly mythological in depiction.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pattachitra.php|title=National Portal of India|access-date=18 February 2010|archive-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205133406/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pattachitra.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The traditions of ''pattachitra'' paintings are more than thousand years old.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[http://craftorissa.com/b2c/product_info.php?products_id=112 Unknown]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=106|title=Pattachitra Painting|publisher=archive.india.gov.in|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063444/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=106|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Ostindischer Meister 001.jpg|center|thumb|382x382px|Study of a Pattachitra painting depicting the Gopis on the banks of the Yamuna, circa 1550. Odisha.]]<br /> <br /> === Origin ===<br /> [[File:Two lovers, folio from a Ragamala album.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Pattachitra painting of ''Raga Kodaba'' of [[Odissi music]] depicted in the form of two lovers. Pigment on cloth, 16 x 12cm, Odisha, mid-nineteenth century. Private collection|left]][[File:Earthen pot with lid.jpg|thumb|Large earthen pot with the outer surface and the lid painted with Pattachitra, Odisha Museum, India.]]The paintings of [[Odisha]] can be divided into three categories from the point of view of medium, i.e. paintings on cloth or 'Patta Chitra', paintings on walls or 'Bhitti Chitra' and palm leaf engravings or &quot;Tala Patra Chitra&quot; or &quot;Pothi, Chitra'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unnatisilks.com/patachitra-introduction-indian-crafts.html|title=Crafts of India -Patachitra - Introduction|website=Unnati Silks|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208135207/https://www.unnatisilks.com/patachitra-introduction-indian-crafts.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The style of all these remains more or less the same at a specific time because then the artists were commissioned to work in all these media, it is believed.{{According to whom|date=July 2020}}{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}<br /> <br /> The painting, the pattachitra, resembles the old murals of [[Odisha]], especially religious centres of [[Puri]], [[Konark]] and [[Bhubaneswar]] region, dating back to the 5th century BC. The best work is found in and around [[Puri]], especially in the village of [[Raghurajpur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.paramparik-karigar.org/bystates/pattachitra.html |title=Pattachitra Arts - Orissa {{!}} Handmade Crafts directly from Craftsmen |access-date=18 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227115716/http://www.paramparik-karigar.org/bystates/pattachitra.html |archive-date=27 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Pattachitra Painting (16419923734).jpg|thumb|Pattachitra made on palm leaf, Odisha.]]This old tradition of Odia painting still survives in places like [[Puri]], [[Raghurajpur]], [[Paralakhemundi]], [[Chikiti]] and [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]]. Lord [[Jagannath]] in the present form is being taken as the origin of the Patta style. The colour schemes of the deities of Puri are quite similar to those of the Patta style. The oldest record of Patta Paintings probably does not go beyond the establishment of the present shrine of Shri Jagannath at Puri. It may be since paintings do not survive like sculptures. The paints inside the shrines of Lord Jagannath at Puri make the date probable. The oldest classical marble paintings of Sitabanji at [[Keonjhar]] do not conform to the present style of Patta painting wholly. The wooden statues of the three deities are also covered with cloth and then overlaid with glue mixed with chalk, and then given paint only with four limited colours of [[red]], [[yellow]], [[white]] and [[black]]. The deities who are held in high esteem by the [[Odias]] and who inspire religion, life and activity of the people also carry with them a tradition of art and painting which is as old as the deities themselves. If the Savara origin of [[Jagannath]] is accepted, the date of the Patta paintings can be dated back to an earlier period. These paintings were originally substitutes for worship on days when the idols were kept away from the public after their ritual bath.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mokashi |first=Akshata |date=2021-01-29 |title=Pattachitra: The Heritage Art of Odisha |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/living-culture/pattachitra |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=www.livehistoryindia.com |language=en |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231090802/https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/living-culture/pattachitra |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Theme and style ===<br /> [[File:Easy Pattachitra of Lord Jagarnath.jpg|thumb|Pattachitra of Lord Jagarnath]]The theme of Odia painting centres round the [[Jagannath]] and the [[Vaishnava]] sect. Since the beginning of Pattachitra culture, Lord [[Jagannath]] who was an incarnation of Lord [[Krishna]] has been the major source of inspiration. The subject matter of Pattachitra is mostly mythological, religious stories and [[folk lore]]. Themes are chiefly on Lord Jagannath and [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]], different &quot;Vesas&quot; of Shri Jagannath, [[Balabhadra]] and [[Subhadra]], temple activities, the ten incarnations of [[Vishnu]] basing on the '[[Gita Govinda]]' of [[Jayadeva|Jayadev]], Kama Kujara [[Navagunjara]], [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianart.in/indian-art-journey/patta-chitra-paintings.html|title=Indian Art » Blog Archive » Patta Chitra Paintings|publisher=indianart.in|access-date=19 March 2010|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162339/http://www.indianart.in/indian-art-journey/patta-chitra-paintings.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The individual paintings of gods and goddesses are also being painted.<br /> <br /> The Pattachitra style is a mix of both folk and classical elements, but leans more towards folk forms. The dress style has [[Ancient odia]] influences. All of the poses have been confined to a few well-defined postures. These are not free from monotonous repetitions, though at times this is necessary to accentuate the narrative character of the style. The lines are bold and clean and angular and sharp. Generally, there are no landscapes, perspectives, or distant views. All the incidents are seen in close juxtaposition. The background on which the figures are represented is delineated with decorations of flowers and foliage, and is mostly painted in red colour. All the paintings are given decorative borders. The whole painting is conceived in the form of a design on a given canvas.<br /> <br /> The themes may be classified into following categories&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html categories of Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=29 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Jagannath paintings<br /> * Vaishnav Paintings<br /> * Bhagabat paintings<br /> * Ramayana paintings<br /> * Saiva paintings<br /> * Shakta paintings<br /> * Paintings as legends<br /> * Ragachitras<br /> * Bandhachitra<br /> * Yamapati and yatripatas – (sketches of puri temple) [[Ganjapa]] playing card paintings and other social themes on paintings.<br /> * Navagunjara&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.devotionalstore.com/blogs/devotional-blog/traditional-arts-of-odisha-pattachitra-painting|title=Traditional Art of Odisha : Pattachitra Painting|work=DevotionalStore |date=2 January 2017|access-date=11 January 2017|archive-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113141345/https://www.devotionalstore.com/blogs/devotional-blog/traditional-arts-of-odisha-pattachitra-painting|url-status=live |author1=Devotionalstore }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Technique ===<br /> [[File:Patta Chitra 01.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|Modern-day Pattachitra depicting Kanchi Bijaya. Pattachitras were inspired by [[Jagannath]] [[culture]] in Odisha]]<br /> [[File:Balarama, Subhadra and Jagannath in the temple at Puri, with Wellcome V0017732.jpg|thumb|220x220px|''Sankhanabhi Pata'', Pattachitra map of the Puri temple, with many human and sacred figures, buildings and animals. By a painter of Puri, Odisha, ca. 1880/1910.]]Traditionally, the painters are known as ''chitrakars''. A patta painter's home with all the members of the family is his studio. Woman members prepare the glue, the canvas and apply colours which we call the fill-in, and give the final lacquer coating. The master hand, mostly the male member, draws the initial line and gives the final finishing touch.<br /> Patta paintings are done on small strips of [[cotton]] cloth. The [[canvas]] is prepared by coating the clothing with a mixture of chalk and gum made from [[Guar gum|Guar]] or [[tamarind]] seeds. Then it is rubbed by taking the help of two different stones, and then the cloth is dried. The mixture of gum and [[chalk]] gives the cloth's surface a leathery finish on which the artists paint with vegetable, earth and stone colours.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&amp;sectid=2&amp;contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&amp;sectxslt=&amp;comments=true&amp;pageno=1 |title=The meticulous process of Pattachitra paintings |access-date=22 March 2010 |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302222641/http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&amp;sectid=2&amp;contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&amp;sectxslt=&amp;comments=true&amp;pageno=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The painters do not use pencil or [[charcoal]] for the preliminary drawings. They are so expert in the line that they simply draw directly with the brush, either in light red or yellow. Then the colours are filled in. The final lines are drawn, and the patta is given a lacquer coating to protect it from the weather, thus making the painting glossy. This process of glazing or [[varnishing]] is quite interesting. The painting is held over a fireplace so that the back of the painting is exposed to heat. On the surface of the painting, fine lacquer is applied.<br /> === Colour ===<br /> Pattachitras are painted in five natural colours - Hingula, Haritala, Kala, Sankha and Geru, which are: Vermilion, Green, Black, Pearl White and Brick Orange respectively. There are typical scenes and figures, like Krishna, Gopis, elephants, trees, and other creatures are seen in these paintings. Krishna is always painted in blue and the Gopis in light pink, purple or brown colours.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&amp;sectid=2&amp;contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&amp;sectxslt=&amp;comments=true&amp;pageno=1 |title=Radha, Krishna and Gopis in Pattachitra |access-date=22 March 2010 |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302222641/http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&amp;sectid=2&amp;contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&amp;sectxslt=&amp;comments=true&amp;pageno=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The painters use vegetable and mineral colours without going for factory-made poster colours. They prepare their own colours.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |title=How to do Pattachitra |access-date=22 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |archive-date=29 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; White colour is made from the [[conch]]-shells by powdering, [[boiling]] and [[filter (chemistry)|filtering]] in a very hazardous process. It requires a lot of patience. But this process gives brilliance and prominence to the [[hue]]. 'Hingula', a mineral colour, is used for red. 'Haritala', king of stone ingredients for yellow, 'Ramaraja', a sort of indigo for blue, are being used. Pure [[Oil lamp|lamp]]-[[black]] or black prepared from the burning of [[coconut]] shells are used.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html natural colours used in Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=29 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; There was no blue, either cobalt or ultramarine, in the earlier colour schemes. The colours used in the Patta paintings are primarily bright colours, limited to red, yellow, indigo, black and white. The brushes that are used by these 'Chitrakaras' are also indigenous and are made of hair of domestic animals. A bunch of hair tied to the end of a [[bamboo]] stick makes the brush.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html colour brushes used in Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=29 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Palm leaf Pattachitra ===<br /> <br /> Palm leaf ''pattachitra'', which is in the [[Odia language|Odia]] language known as ''Tala Pattachitra'' drawn on a palm leaf. First of all, palm leaves are left to harden after being taken from the tree. Then these are sewn together to form like a canvas. The images are traced by using black or white ink to fill grooves etched on rows of equal-sized panels of palm leaf that are sewn together. These panels can also be easily folded like a fan and packed in a compact pile for better conservation. Often, palm-leaf illustrations are more elaborate, obtained by superimposing layers that are glued together for most of the surface, but in some areas can open like small windows to reveal a second image under the first layer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jagannatha.net/painting.html |title=Patta paintings |access-date=26 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106124430/http://www.jagannatha.net/painting.html |archive-date=6 January 2009 }} Palm leaf pattachitra&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Left detail, India, Orissa, late 18th century - The Monkeys and Bears Fight Ravana and His Demons (verso) - 1979.21.b - Cleveland Museum of Art (cropped).jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|''Tala-pattachitra'', palm leaf manuscript illustrating [[Labanyabati]] of Kabi Samrata [[Upendra Bhanja]]. Left detail, India, Odisha, late 18th century - Hanuman and Bharata at Nandigrama (verso) - 1979.21.b - [[Cleveland Museum of Art]].]]<br /> <br /> === Gallery ===<br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;220&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Papier-mâché mask at Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 01.jpg|Papier-mâché mask of Goddess Kali painted in the Pattachitra idiom, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.<br /> File:Exhibits at the Odisha Crafts Museum 17.jpg|Wooden Ramalila masks painted in the Pattachitra style, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.<br /> File:Konark palm leaf manuscript.jpg|Tala Pattachitra, palm leaf painting showing the architectural plan of the [[Konark Sun Temple|Sun Temple of Konark]], Odisha.<br /> File:Wooden toys of women at Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.jpg|Wooden statuettes painted in the Pattachitra style, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.<br /> File:Wooden torana at Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 04.jpg|Prabha of Devi Subhadra's [[Ratha Yatra (Puri)|Ratha]], Puri, Odisha.<br /> File:Narasimha Mural Puri.jpg|Modern wall mural of [[Narasimha]] in a street of Puri, Odisha.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bengal Pattachitra ==<br /> The Bengal Patachitra refers to the painting of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]]. It is a traditional and mythological heritage of [[West Bengal]]. The Bengal Patachitra is divided into some different aspects like ''Durga Pat'', ''[[Chalchitra]]'', ''Tribal Patachitra'', ''Medinipur Patachitra'', and ''[[Kalighat painting|Kalighat Patachitra]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|title=পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=দেবাশিস|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=11 May 2018|language=bn|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413125204/http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The subject matter of Bengal Patachitra is mostly mythological, religious stories, folk lore and social. The Kalighat Patachitra, the last tradition of Bengal Patachitra is developed by [[Jamini Roy]]. The artist of the Bengal Patachitra is called [[Patua]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Giusti, M 2014&quot;&gt;Giusti, M. and Chakraborty, U. (ed.). ''Immagini Storie Parole. Dialoghi di formazione coi dipinti cantati delle donne Chitrakar del West Bengal''. Mantova: Universitas Studiorum, 2014, {{ISBN|978-88-97683-39-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Patachitra of Naya village in [[West Bengal]] is now collected in [[National Museum of Ethnology (Portugal)|National Museum of Ethnology]] (henceforth MNE) in [[Lisbon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ponte|first=Inês|date=13 May 2015|title=Cosmopolitan impressions from a contemporary Bengali patachitra painting museum collection in Portugal|journal=Ateliers d'Anthropologie|volume=41 |language=en|issue=41|doi=10.4000/ateliers.9771|issn=1245-1436|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; style=&quot;font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot; caption=&quot;The Bengal Patachitra&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Extrait de Chandi Mangal de Meena Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1439706046).jpg|Patachitra of Naya village<br /> File:Extrait de Ramayana de Hazra Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1438842569).jpg|Patachitra of Naya village<br /> File:Medinipur Patachitra - durga.jpg|Goddess [[Durga]] and her family in [[Midnapore|Medinipur]] Patachitra<br /> File:Kalighat Patachitra of Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar.jpg|[[Maharaja]] Virendra Mohan Dar of Dar, Akhnoor ([[Kalighat painting|Kalighat Pattachitrra]]). {{Circa|1929}}<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ===Origin===<br /> [[File:Pattachitra - Archaeological Activities Exhibition - Directorate of Archaeology &amp; Museums - West Bengal - Kolkata 2014-09-14 7907.JPG|thumb|[[Patua]] scroll on display at Archaeological activities exhibition of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] Patachitra]]<br /> Patachitra is known for its excellent play of colour. It is a traditional folk art form of rural Bengal. There are some controversial opinions about the dates of ancient Patas. But it has been suggested based on historical themes connected with the accompanied songs like [[Patua Sangeet]]. It dates back to the Pre- Pala period which is still tucked away with small villages of [[Midnapore]], [[Bankura]], [[Purulia]], [[Howrah]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[24 Parganas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sen Gupta |first1=Sankar |title=The Patas and the Patuas of Bengal |date=1973 |publisher=Indian Publications |location=Calcutta |pages=54–55 |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1808881 |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725111114/https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1808881 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> There are some Jadu-Patuas painting of mural style in the temples of [[Bankura district|Bankura District]] in West Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mookerjee |first1=Ajitcoomar |title=Folk Art of Bengal |date=1939 |publisher=University of Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/BdfolkArt}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Jadupatua painting.jpg|thumb|Jadupatua painting]]<br /> <br /> ===Theme and style===<br /> [[File:Swarna Chitrakar - Kolkata 2014-02-14 3080.JPG|left|thumb|Performing the Patua Sangeet by a [[Patua]] during an international conference in [[Kolkata]]|278x278px]]<br /> There are many types of Pots like religious, secular. Religious pots encompass the story of Hindu epics like, mythology, Ramayana, Mahabharata narrating stories of Hindu gods and goddesses like [[Radha Krishna]], [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]], [[Kali]], Shiba and the indigenous Bengali folklore of Manasha and Chandi, Behula and Lakshinder being the most popular. Secular pots depicts important news events, scandals accidents etc. such as bus accidents at Narayangarh, rural elections, the rationing system, family planning, evils of the dowry system etc. Every Patachitra has a song related to it, which the artists sing while unfurling the Patachitra. Singing pot in Bengal is called [[Patua Sangeet]]. Patua Sangeet or Poter Gan is a cultural tradition of the singing Bengal Patachitra. It is performed by [[Patua]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bangiyo Loko-Sangeet Ratnakosh|last=Sri Ashutosh Bhattacharya|publisher=Paschimbanga Loko Sanskriti Gobeshona Kendra|location=Kolkata|pages=1041}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is famous in the village part of [[West Bengal]] like [[Birbhum]], [[Jhargram]], [[Bardhaman]] and [[Murshidabad]] as a folk song of [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;chitrolekha.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Aspects of painting===<br /> Bengal Patachitra painting has a different type of motive and aspects that unrolled the Bengali culture. Using the mythological epic and the natural color it is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra.<br /> <br /> ====Chalchitra====<br /> [[File:Chalchitra Kumartuli, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|[[Chalchitra]], a part of Bengal Patachitra, referred to the background Patachitra of the [[Durga]] Pratima]]<br /> [[Chalchitra]] is a part of ''Bengal Patachitra'', It referred to the ''Debi Chal'' or ''Durga chala'', the background of the [[Durga]] Pratima or idol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Paschimbanger lokoshilpa o lokosamaj|last=tarapada santra|publisher=Kolkata: lokosanskriti o adibasi sanskriti kendra|year=2000|location=Kolkata|pages=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Patua]], the artists of Chalchitra called it as '''Pata Lekha''', means the writing of Patachitra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Giusti, M 2014&quot;/&gt; 300–400 years old idols of [[Shakta Rash|Nabadwip Shakta Rash]] used Chalchitra as a part of Pratima. At a time, the use of Chalchitra became fade, but now it has a great popularity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|title=পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=দেবাশিস|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=14 April 2018|language=bn|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413125204/http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Durga sara====<br /> [[File:Durga sara Bengal Patachitra.jpg|thumb|Durga sara, an aspect of Bengal Patachitra]]<br /> Durga sara is a variant of the patachitra. Instead of a cloth, the backside of a clay tray or dish called sara (সরা) in Bengali is used as the canvas, where an image of the Hindu goddess [[Durga]] is painted. Poor Bengali Hindu families in regions of West Bengal like [[Nadia district|Nadiya]] &amp; [[24 Parganas]] use it as an alternative of [[Murti|idols]] for worship.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/state/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9D-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-1.74260|title=অবক্ষয় আর অবলুপ্তির মাঝে বাংলার চালচিত্র - Anandabazar|last=ভট্টাচার্য|first=বিভূতিসুন্দর|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=14 April 2018|language=bn|archive-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414234040/http://www.anandabazar.com/state/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9D-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-1.74260|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=বাংলার লোকশিল্পে দুর্গা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/patrika/review-of-a-pot-art-exhibition-regarding-bengalis-famous-durga-puja/cid/1465372 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=29 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217000703/https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/patrika/review-of-a-pot-art-exhibition-regarding-bengalis-famous-durga-puja/cid/1465372 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Lakshmi sara ====<br /> [[File:Lakkhi sara.jpg|thumb|Lakshmi sara in West Bengal]]<br /> <br /> Lakshmi sara is similar in style to the Durga sara. It depicts the Hindu goddess [[Lakshmi]] &amp; was used as an alternative to idols by poorer Bengali Hindu families during the [[Sharada Purnima|Kojagori Lakshmi Puja]] festivities. Initially confined to regions of East Bengal (in what is now [[Bangladesh]]), specifically [[Greater Faridpur|Faridpur]] &amp; [[Dhaka Division|Dhaka]] regions, the art style came to West Bengal through the hands of Bengali Hindu artists fleeing [[Persecution of Hindus|religious persecution]] following the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]], [[1950 East Pakistan riots]], [[1964 East Pakistan riots]] &amp; [[Bangladesh genocide|1971 Bangladesh genocide]], with its sales being fuelled by demand from [[East Bengali refugees]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=ছবি-নকশার বৈচিত্রে রঙিন বাংলার লক্ষ্মীসরা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/ananda-utsav/puja-parikrama/laxmi-puja-2020-laxmi-sara-of-bengal-varies-in-painting-and-designs-of-local-flavour-dgtl-1.1221967}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=লক্ষ্মীপট - বাংলাপিডিয়া |url=https://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=bn.banglapedia.org |language=bn |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819165134/https://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Gazir Pat ====<br /> [[File:Pir Gazi and his tiger in Sundarbans.jpg|thumb|An example of a Gazir pat]]<br /> <br /> Gazir pat is a variation of the patachitra theme. Catering specifically to [[Bengali Muslims]], it depicts the exploits of [[Gazi Pir|Pir Boro Khan Gazi]], an Islamic preacher whose tomb lies in [[Ghutiari Sharif railway station|Ghutiari Sharif]], who combined the roles of a [[Pir (Sufism)|pir]] &amp; a [[Ghazi (warrior)|ghazi]] &amp; is renowned for having battled the Bengali Hindu [[Folk religion|folk god]] [[Dakshin Rai|Dakshin Ray]] as a part of his [[Dawah|missionary activities]]. He himself has been raised to the status of a folk god by [[Caste system among South Asian Muslims|Arzals]] &amp; [[Dalit|Dalits]] living in the [[Sundarbans|Sunderbans]] alike, who seek his intercession in repelling [[Tiger attacks in the Sundarbans|attacks]] of the [[Bengal tiger]]. This art form is widespread in Bangladesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=গাজীর পট - বাংলাপিডিয়া |url=https://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=bn.banglapedia.org |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Technique===<br /> The Patachitra of different districts of [[West Bengal]] are characterized by many peculiarities in colour and design. The patachitra of [[Manbhum]], now known as [[Purulia district|Purulia]] can easily be distinguished by their preference for one particular shade of burnt sienna relieved by white and yellow patches and densely packed composition. The seated figures of [[Dasaratha]] and [[Chand Sadagar]] of [[Medinipur]] crowning the [[Ramayana]] and Kamale-Kamini scrolls are impressive and monumental.&lt;ref&gt;Craft council of West Bengal-1985-86, The Jarana Patachitra of Bengal- Mahamaya, p-112&lt;/ref&gt; In the scrolls of pot of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]] and [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]] preference for Indian red background usually found, the scrolls of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] preferred a dark brown. The [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Manbhum]] 'pats' are peculiar and definitely modernistic with the abstract linear treatment.&lt;ref&gt;D. P. Ghosh, FOLK ART OF BENGAL, Visvabharati, p-4&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Colour===<br /> Use of natural color is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra. In general, blue, [[yellow]], [[green]], [[red]], [[brown]], [[black]] and [[white]] are used in the Patachitra of [[West Bengal]]. Chalk dust is used for white color, pauri for yellow color, cultivated indigo for blue, bhushakali for black and mete sindur for red color.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/564/564%20-%20Statement%20of%20Case%20-%2017-08-2016.pdf | title=Report on Patachitra of West Bengal | access-date=11 May 2018 | archive-date=12 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512043755/http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/564/564%20-%20Statement%20of%20Case%20-%2017-08-2016.pdf | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Artists ===<br /> Bengal Patua artists carry the occupational surname of 'Chitrakar'. They are concentrated in the village of Naya in [[Medinipur]] district of [[West Bengal]]. Prominent artists include Khandu and Radha Chitrakar and their children Bapi, Samir, Prabir, Laltu, Tagar, Mamoni and Laila Chitrakar. [[Manimala Chitrakar|Monimala]] is known for her use of bold, primal colours and the development of her own iconographic style.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indigenius Artists India|last=Nair|first=Sunita|publisher=Sunita Nair|year=2018|isbn=978-93-5311-387-2|location=Mumbai|pages=135–137}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> ''' Citations '''<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite book |author=Kossak, Steven | title= ''Indian court painting, 16th-19th century'' | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1997| isbn=0-87099-783-1 | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/12335/rec/74}} (see index: p.&amp;nbsp;148-152)<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category|Pattachitra}}<br /> * [http://www.midnapore.in/festival/potmaya/pot-maya-naya-pingla.html Patachitra of Medinipur (Midnapore)]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410050953/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/dec2005/engpdf/patta_chitra_its_past_and_present.pdf Past of Pattachitra]<br /> * [http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Handicrafts/Pattachitra/ Essential Ideas on Pattachita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093741/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Handicrafts/Pattachitra/ |date=16 July 2011 }}<br /> * [http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pattachitra.php Pattachitra Painting]<br /> * [http://www.orissa.gov.in/photogallery/pattachitra.htm Pattachitra Photogallery]<br /> * Pattachithra – the amazing folk art of Odisha - [https://openart.community/in/general-topics/pattachithra-amazing-folk-art-odisha/ OpenArt India]<br /> <br /> {{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}<br /> {{Culture of West Bengal}}<br /> {{West Bengal topics}}<br /> {{Odia culture}}<br /> {{Odisha}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Arts of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi painting]]<br /> [[Category:Geographical indications in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Schools of Indian painting]]<br /> [[Category:Arts of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Indian folk art]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjapneet_Singh&diff=501514 2026-04-14T08:09:06Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1998)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Given name hatnote|Gurjapneet|Singh|his}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = Gurjapneet Singh<br /> | full_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|11|8|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br /> | batting = Right-handed<br /> | bowling = Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]<br /> | role = Bowler<br /> | height = 6 ft 4 in<br /> | club1 = [[Dindigul Dragons]]<br /> | year1 = {{nowrap|2021–2022}}<br /> | club2 = [[Madurai Panthers]]<br /> | year2 = {{nowrap|2023–present}}<br /> | club3 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | year3 = {{nowrap|2024–present}}<br /> | club4 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]<br /> | year4 = {{nowrap|2025–present}}<br /> | clubnumber4 = 9<br /> | columns = 3<br /> | column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br /> | matches1 = 8<br /> | runs1 = 88<br /> | bat avg1 = 12.57<br /> | 100s/50s1 = 0/0<br /> | top score1 = 29<br /> | deliveries1 = 1363<br /> | wickets1 = 31<br /> | bowl avg1 = 20.74<br /> | fivefor1 = 1<br /> | tenfor1 = 0<br /> | best bowling1 = 6/22<br /> | catches/stumpings1 = 1/–<br /> <br /> | column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]<br /> | matches2 = 2<br /> | runs2 = –<br /> | bat avg2 = –<br /> | 100s/50s2 = –/–<br /> | top score2 = –<br /> | deliveries2 = 66<br /> | wickets2 = 2<br /> | bowl avg2 = 39.5<br /> | fivefor2 = 0<br /> | tenfor2 = 0<br /> | best bowling2 = 1/39<br /> | catches/stumpings2 = 1/–<br /> <br /> | column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]<br /> | matches3 = 15<br /> | runs3 = 10<br /> | bat avg3 = 5.00<br /> | 100s/50s3 = 0/0<br /> | top score3 = 7[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries3 = 332<br /> | wickets3 = 21<br /> | bowl avg3 = 24.38<br /> | fivefor3 = 0<br /> | tenfor3 = 0<br /> | best bowling3 = 3/18<br /> | catches/stumpings3 = 3/–<br /> <br /> | date = 22 December<br /> | year = 2025<br /> | source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/gurjapneet-singh-1269869 ESPNcricinfo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gurjapneet Singh''' (born 8 November 1998) is an Indian [[cricketer]] who plays for [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]] in domestic cricket and [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. He is a left arm medium [[fast bowler]] and right-handed batter.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Gurjapneet Singh was born on 8 November 1998, in a [[Sikh]] family, in [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=25 November 2024|title= Who Is Gurjapneet Singh? Seamer To Share CSK Dressing Room With MS Dhoni|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/who-is-gurjapneet-singh-rising-star-set-to-share-csk-dressing-room-with-ms-dhoni/articleshow/115664459.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.espn.co.uk/cricket/story/_/id/41841656/ranji-trophy-gurjapneet-singh-brings-pace-tamil-nadu-via-ludhiana-ambala|work=[[ESPN]]|access-date=10 January 2025|title= Gurjapneet brings pace to Tamil Nadu, via Ludhiana and Ambala|date=17 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/gurjapneet-singh-virat-kohli-cheteshwar-pujara-tamil-nadu-vs-saurashtra-ranji-trophy-9618742/lite/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=10 January 2025|title= Who is the new strapping Sikh pacer who led Tamil Nadu to a thumping innings and 70 run-win over Saurashtra?|date=15 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He lived in [[Ambala]] during his early years, before moving to [[Chennai]] in 2017. He completed his college education from [[Guru Nanak College, Chennai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;debut&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/gurjapneet-singh-ipl-csk-tamil-nadu-vs-saurashtra-pujara-wicket-ranji-trophy-indian-cricket-news/article68752293.ece/|work=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=10 January 2025|title= Tamil Nadu pacer Gurjapneet Singh's 6 for 22 on debut shows he is here to stay|date=14 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career==<br /> Gurjapneet played for Egmore RC in the [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]] third division league. He was picked up by the [[Dindigul Dragons]] for the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Premier League|2021 season]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Premier League]] (TNPL).&lt;ref name=&quot;debut&quot;/&gt; He took seven [[wicket (cricket)|wickets]] in nine matches for the Dragons in the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/tamil-nadu-premier-league-2021-13950|title=Most wickets, Tamil Nadu Premier League 2021|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, a back injury ruled him out of most of 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;/&gt; He moved to [[Madurai Panthers]] for the [[2023 Tamil Nadu Premier League|2023 TNPL season]] and finished as the second highest wicket taker with 15 wickets at an [[bowling average|average]] of 14.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/tamil-nadu-premier-league-2023-15467|title=Most wickets, Tamil Nadu Premier League 2023|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=Cricket.com|url= https://www.cricket.com/news/meet-gurjapneet-singh-tamil-nadus-newest-pace-sensation-10152024-1728983521522|access-date=10 January 2025|title= Meet Gurjapneet Singh, Tamil Nadu's newest pace sensation|date=15 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He represented the Panthers in the [[2024 Tamil Nadu Premier League|2024]] and 2025 seasons of the TNPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/tamil-nadu-premier-league-2024-16419|title=Most wickets, Tamil Nadu Premier League 2024|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/tamil-nadu-premier-league-2025-17301|title=Most wickets, Tamil Nadu Premier League 2025|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2024, Gurjapneet was one of the net bowlers for the [[Indian national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] in the lead-up to their first [[Test cricket|Test match]] in the [[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2024–25|home series]] against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in Chennai.&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;/&gt; During his bowling to [[Virat Kohli]], he [[bowled (cricket)|bowled]] him out. Gurjapneet later said that Kohli had given him advice about adjusting his angle to bowl around the wicket when the ball wasn't moving.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|access-date=10 January 2025|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/cricket/gurjapneet-singh-irked-kohli-dismissed-pujara-1.9987719|title= Who is Gurjapneet Singh? The pace sensation who 'irked' Kohli in the nets and dismissed Pujara|date=15 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-kohli-angry-bowled-him-out-virat-advice-helped-ind-net-bowler-gurjapneet-singh-dismiss-pujara-duck-ranji-trophy-101728887548035-amp.html|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|access-date=10 January 2025|title= 'Kohli was angry when I bowled him out, but told me...': How Virat advice helped IND net bowler dismiss Pujara for duck|date=14 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for [[Tamil Nadu cricket team]] in the [[2024-25 Ranji Trophy]] against [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]. He took six [[wicket (cricket)|wickets]] for 22 [[run (cricket)|runs]] on his debut, including the wicket of [[Cheteshwar Pujara]], whom he trapped [[leg before wicket|leg-before]] for a [[duck (cricket)|duck]].&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;debut&quot;/&gt; These were the best bowling figures by a Tamil Nadu [[fast bowler]] in a home match since 2005-06.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Who is the new strapping Sikh pacer who led Tamil Nadu to a thumping innings and 70 run-win over Saurashtra? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/gurjapneet-singh-virat-kohli-cheteshwar-pujara-tamil-nadu-vs-saurashtra-ranji-trophy-9618742/ |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=15 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323151833/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/gurjapneet-singh-virat-kohli-cheteshwar-pujara-tamil-nadu-vs-saurashtra-ranji-trophy-9618742/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In his maiden Ranji season, he took 13 wickets in four matches.&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Who is Gurjapneet Singh? Seamer to share CSK dressing room with MS Dhoni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/who-is-gurjapneet-singh-rising-star-set-to-share-csk-dressing-room-with-ms-dhoni/articleshow/115664459.cms |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323151001/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/who-is-gurjapneet-singh-rising-star-set-to-share-csk-dressing-room-with-ms-dhoni/articleshow/115664459.cms |archive-date=23 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gurjapneet was as a net bowler for the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) franchise [[Chennai Super Kings]] during the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 IPL season]]. In the [[List of 2025 Indian Premier League personnel changes|player auction]] conducted ahead of the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 IPL season]], he was bought by the Super Kings for {{INRconvert|22|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=IPL 2025 Auction: Who is Gurjapneet Singh? Chennai's new 'local player' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-ipl-2025-auction-chennai-super-kings-who-is-gurjapneet-singh-jeddah-2639923-2024-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323152058/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-ipl-2025-auction-chennai-super-kings-who-is-gurjapneet-singh-jeddah-2639923-2024-11-25 |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[India Today]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=IPL Auction 2025: Can Gurjapneet Singh add 'Fizz' to Chennai Super Kings bowling attack? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2025-can-gurjapneet-singh-add-fizz-to-chennai-super-kings-bowling-attack/articleshow/115722638.cms |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323151139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2025-can-gurjapneet-singh-add-fizz-to-chennai-super-kings-bowling-attack/articleshow/115722638.cms |archive-date=23 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; This figure was more than seven times his pre-auction base price.&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2025-auction-who-is-gurjapneet-singh-csk-chennai-super-kings/article68910463.ece/|work=[[Sportstar]]|accessdate=10 January 2025|title= IPL 2025 auction: Who is Gurjapneet Singh, Tamil Nadu left-arm pacer sold to CSK for Rs 2.2 crore, 7.33 times his base price|date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he did not play any matches for the Super Kings during the tournament.&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;&gt;{{cite web |first=Deivarayan |last=Muthu |date=28 September 2025 |title=After years in Chennai heat, Gurjapneet Singh is now in India A spotlight |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-a-vs-australia-a-gurjapneet-singh-seven-years-in-chennai-heat-now-in-india-a-spotlight-1504789 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=1 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2025, he was announced as part of the [[India A cricket team|India A]] squad for the home series against [[Australia A cricket team|Australia A]].&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Singh took the wicket of [[Axar Patel]] in April 2026 with his first ball on IPL debut for Chennai Super Kings against [[Delhi Capitals]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/cricket/story/sarfaraz-khan-catch-gurjapneet-singh-first-ball-wicket-ipl-2026-csk-vs-dc-2894907-2026-04-11|website=India Today|accessdate=14 April 2026|title= Sarfaraz Khan's blinder sends Chepauk in frenzy, Gurjapneet takes wicket on IPL debut|date=11 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bowling style==<br /> Gurjapneet is a tall (6’3”) left-arm fast bowler.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gurjapneet brings pace to Tamil Nadu, via Ludhiana and Ambala|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-gurjapneet-singh-brings-pace-to-tamil-nadu-via-ludhiana-and-ambala-1455628|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2025|quote=...A 6'3&quot; left-arm seamer who was born in Ludhiana (Punjab) and grew up in Ambala (Haryana), Gurjapneet moved to Chennai when he was about 17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=10 January 2025|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-ipl-2025-auction-chennai-super-kings-who-is-gurjapneet-singh-jeddah-2639923-2024-11-25|title= IPL 2025 Auction: Who is Gurjapneet Singh? Chennai's new 'local player'|date=25 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is described as capable of bowling regularly at speeds of above {{cvt|130|kph}} with the ability to hit the [[pitch (cricket)|pitch]] hard and extract bounce and pace from the surface whilst being in possession of a deceptive back-of-the-hand slower ball and the ability to bowl [[yorker]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2023/Jul/08/gurjapneet-singh-a-tnpl-star-in-making-2592438.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=10 January 2025|title= Gurjapneet Singh, A TNPL star in making|date=6 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{Chennai Super Kings squad}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurjapneet}}<br /> [[Category:1998 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Nadu cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chitradurga_Assembly_constituency&diff=494342 2026-04-14T03:21:02Z

<p>Aranyam: started new data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Seat in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Chitradurga<br /> |state = [[Karnataka]]<br /> |type = SLA<br /> |constituency_no = 99<br /> |map_image = 99-Chitradurga constituency.svg<br /> |map_caption = <br /> |map_alt = <br /> |mla = [[K. C. Veerendra Puppy|K. C. Veerendra]]<br /> |party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |preceded_by = [[G. H. Thippareddy]]<br /> |district = [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]<br /> |loksabha_cons = [[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]]<br /> |established = 1951<br /> |electors = {{formatnum:262552}}&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2028|7}}<br /> | reservation = None <br /> }}<br /> '''Chitradurga Assembly constituency''' is one of the seats in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is part of [[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> [[K. C. Veerendra Puppy]] is the current MLA from Chitradurga.<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mulka Govinda Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || G. Sivappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | G. Duggappa<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | H. C. Boraiah<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || C. R. Mohammad Saifuddin<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || V. Masiyappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || B. L. Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | H. Ekanthaiah<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[G. H. Thippareddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Basavarajan Basanna || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[G. H. Thippareddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[K. C. Veerendra Puppy]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref name=election2023/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Chitradurga&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Chitradurga |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1099.htm?ac=99 |access-date=1 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501162354/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1099.htm?ac=99 |archive-date=1 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. C. Veerendra Puppy]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 122,021 |percentage = 59.84% |change = {{increase}}33.96 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 68,721 |percentage = 33.70% |change = {{decrease}}10.08 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Raghu Achar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,021 |percentage = 2.46% |change = {{decrease}}23.90 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bale Kai Srinivasa. H |party = Social Democratic Party of India |votes = 2,555 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. E. Jagadish |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,348 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 695 |percentage = 0.34% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 53,300 |percentage = 26.14% |change = {{increase}}8.72 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 204,674 |percentage = 77.96% |change = {{increase}}2.44 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 203,906}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 262,552 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.60 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}16.06 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=karCeoResults2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 82,896 |percentage = 43.78% |change = {{increase}}4.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. C. Veerendra Puppy]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 49,911 |percentage = 26.36% |change = {{increase}}4.22 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. A. Shanmukhappa (Hanumali) |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,014 |percentage = 25.88% |change = {{increase}}6.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,427 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Suresh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,287 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,985 |percentage = 17.42% |change = {{increase}}0.76 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 189,557 |percentage = 75.52% |change = {{increase}}2.90 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 189,358}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 251,003 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.41 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.98 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2013 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 62,228 |percentage = 38.80% |change = {{increase}}11.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavarajan Basanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 35,510 |percentage = 22.14% |change = {{decrease}}18.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. S. Manjunatha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,729 |percentage = 19.16% |change = {{decrease}}9.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Fayazuddin. K. S |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 23,382 |percentage = 14.58% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. V. Umapathi |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 3,791 |percentage = 2.36% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathish |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,993 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. K. Rehaman @ Chand |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,077 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,718 |percentage = 16.66% |change = {{increase}}4.84 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 163,616 |percentage = 72.62% |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 160,397}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,294 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.83 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}1.69 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2008 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Basavarajan Basanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 55,906 |percentage = 40.49% |change = {{decrease}}3.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,584 |percentage = 28.67% |change = {{decrease}}16.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. S. Manjunatha |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 37,571 |percentage = 27.21% |change = {{increase}}20.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. M. Sadanandaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,376 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohamed Nasiruddin. T. R |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,088 |percentage = 0.79% |change = {{decrease}}1.73 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Sridevi Krishanamurthy |party = Swarna Yuga Party |votes = 870 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kotla Ramalingareddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 830 |percentage = 0.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,322 |percentage = 11.82% |change = {{increase}}10.16 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 138,244 |percentage = 66.78% |change = {{increase}}0.77 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 138,077}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,006 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.25 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,386 |percentage = 45.16% |change = {{increase}}24.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavarajan. S. K |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 51,420 |percentage = 43.50% |change = {{increase}}42.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanna. G. H |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,949 |percentage = 6.72% |change = {{increase}}0.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumar. K |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,978 |percentage = 2.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thippaiah Reddy. B. H |party = Independent politician |votes = 876 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,966 |percentage = 1.66% |change = {{decrease}}23.60 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 118,566 |percentage = 66.01% |change = {{decrease}}3.82 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 118,210}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,607 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.17 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}3.80 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 51,198 |percentage = 48.96% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ekanthaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,782 |percentage = 23.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Tajpeer |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,161 |percentage = 20.23% |change = {{increase}}1.43 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Basavarajappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,164 |percentage = 5.89% |change = {{increase}}3.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Yaraiah |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 814 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,416 |percentage = 25.26% |change = {{increase}}16.90 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 111,808 |percentage = 69.83% |change = {{increase}}4.66 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 104,577}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 6,879 |percentage = 6.15% |change = {{increase}}4.14 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,115 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.46 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}9.80 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. H. Thippareddy]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 38,332 |percentage = 39.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ekanthaiah |party = Janata Dal |votes = 30,149 |percentage = 30.80% |change = {{decrease}}7.73 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. M. Noorullasharief |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,400 |percentage = 18.80% |change = {{decrease}}18.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Siddappa |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 3,297 |percentage = 3.37% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. T. Vasudeva Reddy |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 2,754 |percentage = 2.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Murugharajendra Wadeyar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,629 |percentage = 2.69% |change = {{increase}}0.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaik Mohammed |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,493 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,183 |percentage = 8.36% |change = {{increase}}7.62 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 99,891 |percentage = 65.17% |change = {{increase}}3.06 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 97,880}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 2,011 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}4.64 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,285 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.25 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}0.63 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ekanthaiah |party = Janata Dal |votes = 31,923 |percentage = 38.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. M. Noorullasharief |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,313 |percentage = 37.79% |change = {{decrease}}2.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. L. G. Dayananda |party = Janata Party |votes = 10,570 |percentage = 12.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Chandrappa |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,715 |percentage = 6.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Raghavendra |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,936 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Manjunathachar |party = Independent politician |votes = 627 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 610 |percentage = 0.74% |change = {{decrease}}14.55 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 88,763 |percentage = 62.11% |change = {{decrease}}5.62 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 82,856}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 5,907 |percentage = 6.65% |change = {{increase}}5.12 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,924 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.13 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}17.19 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ekanthaiah |party = Janata Party |votes = 40,196 |percentage = 55.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. M. Khader Basha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,166 |percentage = 40.43% |change = {{increase}}10.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 939 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,030 |percentage = 15.29% |change = {{decrease}}11.66 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 73,262 |percentage = 67.73% |change = {{increase}}1.72 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 72,140}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,122 |percentage = 1.53% |change = {{decrease}}0.56 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,167 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.57 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.68 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. L. Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 33,536 |percentage = 56.40% |change = {{increase}}18.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Masiyappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,513 |percentage = 29.45% |change = {{increase}}27.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaik Mohammed |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,958 |percentage = 11.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. L. Thyagaraja |party = Independent politician |votes = 588 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = E. H. Vasudeva Reddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 543 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,023 |percentage = 26.95% |change = {{increase}}7.47 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 60,734 |percentage = 66.01% |change = {{increase}}3.68 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 59,464}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,270 |percentage = 2.09% |change = {{decrease}}0.27 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,004 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.54 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}1.09 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = V. Masiyappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 32,697 |percentage = 57.49% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Abdul Rahim |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,621 |percentage = 38.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. G. Veeranna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,333 |percentage = 2.34% |change = {{decrease}}55.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. J. Umadeva |party = Independent politician |votes = 704 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Channabassappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 516 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,076 |percentage = 19.48% |change = {{decrease}}14.27 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 58,243 |percentage = 62.33% |change = {{increase}}5.22 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 56,871}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,372 |percentage = 2.36% |change = {{increase}}2.36 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,446 |ref = |change = {{increase}}31.08 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = C. R. Mohammad Saifuddin |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,057 |percentage = 58.10% |change = {{increase}}1.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. M. K. Peer Sab |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 9,665 |percentage = 24.36% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. K. Vasudeva Reddy |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 6,960 |percentage = 17.54% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,392 |percentage = 33.75% |change = {{increase}}17.20 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 40,711 |percentage = 57.11% |change = {{decrease}}14.78 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 39,682}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,291 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.15 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.05 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. C. Boraiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,906 |percentage = 57.05% |change = {{increase}}0.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. T. R. Reddy |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 16,970 |percentage = 40.50% |change = {{decrease}}2.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. A. Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,030 |percentage = 2.46% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,936 |percentage = 16.55% |change = {{increase}}3.22 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 44,127 |percentage = 71.89% |change = {{increase}}9.74 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 41,906}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,380 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.24 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.38 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. C. Boraiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,897 |percentage = 56.67% |change = {{decrease}}2.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Gangadharaiah |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 15,215 |percentage = 43.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,682 |percentage = 13.33% |change = {{increase}}3.52 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 36,948 |percentage = 62.15% |change = {{increase}}16.11 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 35,112}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,453 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}41.88 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}24.14 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. Sivappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,638 |percentage = 32.53% |change = {{decrease}}8.11 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. Duggappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,640 |percentage = 26.16% |change = {{decrease}}14.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Maleshiddappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,394 |percentage = 22.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. N. Mallappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,768 |percentage = 11.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. V. Sivalingappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,755 |percentage = 7.17% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,244 |percentage = 9.81% |change = {{increase}}7.33 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 94,195 |percentage = 46.04% |change = {{decrease}}12.35 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 94,195}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 102,300 |ref = |change = {{increase}}124.02 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Socialist Party (India) |swing = {{decrease}}10.59 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chitradurga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mulka Govinda Reddy |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 11,498 |percentage = 43.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Ranga Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,836 |percentage = 40.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = O. Veerabasappa |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 4,330 |percentage = 16.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 662 |percentage = 2.48% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 26,664 |percentage = 58.39% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 26,664}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,666 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Socialist Party (India) |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Chitradurga district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> {{coord|14.23|76.40|display=title}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honduras%E2%80%93India_relations&diff=503052 2026-04-01T20:39:13Z

<p>Aranyam: added a details - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox bilateral relations|Honduras–India|Honduras|India}}<br /> [[Bilateralism|Bilateral relations]] between [[Honduras]] and [[India]] have included trade, cultural exchange, and economic and educational projects undertaken together. The Ambassador of India in [[Guatemala City]] is concurrently accredited to Honduras. India also maintains an Honorary Consul General in [[Tegucigalpa]]. Honduras has resident embassy in [[New Delhi]] since 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2025/05/15/inaugura-gobierno-de-honduras-embajada-en-la-india/ |title=Inaugura Gobierno de Honduras embajada en la India |trans-title=Government of Honduras inaugurates embassy in India |language=es |website=Prensa Latina |date=15 May 2025 |access-date=2 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==High level visits==<br /> Honduran Defence Minister Aristides Mejia Carranza visited India in April 2008 and held meetings with [[Exim Bank (India)|Exim Bank]] officials and Indian companies executing projects in Honduras. Vice Foreign Minister Eduardo Enrique Garcia Reina visited the country in June 2008 to participate in the second India-SICA Foreign Ministers' meeting in New Delhi. During the meeting, Honduras and India signed an [[MoU]], agreeing to hold regular Foreign Office Consultations. The first such Consultation was held in Honduras on 27 April 2015. Special Secretary (AMS &amp; CPV) in the Ministry of External Affairs R. Swaminathan led the Indian delegation at the Consultation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=June 2015 |title=India – Honduras Bilateral Relations |url=http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras_2015_07_10.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711022145/http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras_2015_07_10.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2018 |access-date=19 April 2017 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=December 2016 |title=India – Honduras Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras-India_Bilateral_Relations__Dec._2016_.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000739/https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras-India_Bilateral_Relations__Dec._2016_.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2017 |access-date=19 April 2017 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |publisher=Embassy of India, Guatemala City}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2011, the Honduran Government announced that it would close its embassies in five South American countries and utilize the resources to open trade offices in India, Singapore, China, and Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2011/03/16/honduras-forgets-argentina-and-brazil-will-open-trade-offices-in-india-and-china|title=Honduras forgets Argentina and Brazil; will open trade offices in India and China|date=16 March 2011|work=MercoPress|access-date=19 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Honduras-dumps-neighbors-opens-to-China-and-India/94471300312048/|title=Honduras dumps neighbors, opens to China and India|date=16 March 2011|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|access-date=19 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Honduras cierra embajadas en países de Unasur|url=http://www.laprensa.hn/Sintesis/Lo-ultimo/Ediciones/2011/03/15/Noticias/Honduras-cierra-embajadas-en-paises-de-Unasur|website=La Prensa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317114211/http://www.laprensa.hn/Sintesis/Lo-ultimo/Ediciones/2011/03/15/Noticias/Honduras-cierra-embajadas-en-paises-de-Unasur|archive-date=17 March 2011|location=San Pedro Sula|language=es|date=14 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Honduran Agriculture Minister Jacobo Regalado visited India in January 2013, and Vice Defence Minister Carlos Roberto Fune attended [[Aero India]] 2013 in Bangalore in February. Minister of Economic Development Alten Rivera Montes visited India in October 2014 to attend the VI India-LAC Investment Conclave.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Trade==<br /> [[Bilateral trade]] between Honduras and India totaled US$170.96 million in 2015–2016, declining by 19.68% from the previous fiscal. India exported $155.05 million worth of goods to Honduras, and imported $15.91 million. The main commodities exported by India to Honduras are tanning and dyeing extracts, rubber products, iron and steel, pharmaceuticals, and cotton. The major commodities imported by India from Honduras are iron, steel, and aluminium articles.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> An Indo-Canadian joint venture company opened a silk yarn knitting factory in [[San Pedro Sula]] in 2006. There have been several visits by trade, business, tourism, and other delegations between the two countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cultural relations==<br /> A [[Bharatanatyam]] dance troupe led by [[Ananda Shankar Jayant]] performed in Honduras in September 2004. This was the first ever performance by an Indian troupe in the country. [[Yoga]] is popular in Honduras, and there are several yoga schools in the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt; [[Independence Day (India)|India's independence]] was officially celebrated in Honduras on 14 August 2007. The ceremony was attended by President Zelaya, Cabinet Ministers, several other senior officials and the Indian High Commissioner to Honduras (resident in Guatemala City).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=January 2014 |title=India – Honduras Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras_January_2014.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706153818/https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Honduras_January_2014.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=19 April 2017 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of December 2016, around 12 Indians reside in Honduras, most of whom are [[nun]]s in [[Christian mission]]aries.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Foreign aid==<br /> India donated {{INRConvert|3.38|l|year=2005}} worth of medicines and medical supplies in 1998, and $10,000 worth of medicines in the aftermath of a severe drought in Honduras in October 2005. The following month, India donated 26 Bajaj three-wheelers.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Honduran Government signed an agreement with the Exim Bank of India in August 2006 to avail a line of credit of $30 million. Honduras and India signed an MoU in January 2008 to establish an IT Center in Tegucigalpa with Indian assistance. The centre was operated by NIIT between 2008 and 2011, during which time over 20,000 students were trained. In 2011, NIIT transferred the centre to the Honduran National Autonomous University in Tegucigalpa. In 2016, India provided grant-in-aid of $84,000 to the Honduran National Autonomous University to procure new equipment for the centre.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> India extended a line of credit of $30 million to Honduras in 2006. The Honduran Government utilized the funds to procure transport, communication and medical equipment. India agreed to provide a line of credit of $26.5 million in 2014 for the Jamastran River Valley Irrigation Project. The formal agreement was signed in August 2016. The project work was carried out by Indian firm, Apollo International.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Citizens of Honduras are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA2016&quot; /&gt; Illiterate Honduran women from the remote and rural areas of Los Hornos, [[Los Naranjos, Honduras|Los Naranjos]], and La Mosquitia attended a six-month solar [[rural electrification]] course, sponsored by the Indian Government, at the [[Barefoot College]] in [[Tilonia|Tilonia, Rajasthan]] in 2014. After completing the course, the women returned to Honduras and installed 207 [[solar panel]]s in their villages. The panels generate 85 watts each and provide solar energy to 3,778 households, benefiting 22,739 people in 52 districts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/ourstories/women-from-honduras-learn-about-solar-energy-in-india.html|title=Honduran women bring light to their communities|website=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|access-date=19 April 2017|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122183936/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/ourstories/women-from-honduras-learn-about-solar-energy-in-india.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Foreign relations of Honduras]]<br /> * [[Foreign relations of India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Foreign relations of Honduras}}<br /> {{Foreign relations of India}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Politics|Honduras|India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Honduras-India relations}} <br /> [[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Honduras]]<br /> [[Category:Bilateral relations of Honduras|India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moula_Ali&diff=518539 2026-03-31T02:44:06Z

<p>Aranyam: made a biography w/ infobox...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Moula Ali<br /> | other_name = <br /> | settlement_type = Neighborhood <br /> | image_skyline = MoulaAli 1902.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = View of Moula Ali Hill, circa 1902<br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = left<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hyderabad, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17|28|5|N|78|33|22|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]<br /> <br /> Circle<br /> | subdivision_type4 = [[City]]/[[Metropolitan area|Metropolitan Area]]<br /> | subdivision_type5 = [[Court]]<br /> | subdivision_type6 = [[Police Station]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Medchal-Malkajgiri district]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Malkajgiri mandal|Malkajgiri Mandal]]<br /> <br /> Malkajgiri GHMC Circle No.28<br /> | subdivision_name4 = [[Secunderabad]], [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]]<br /> | subdivision_name5 = X Metropolitan Magistrate Court Malkajgiri at Neredmet<br /> | subdivision_name6 = Malkajgiri PS [http://www.rachakondapolice.telangana.gov.in/know-your-police-station/malkajgiri-ps.html]<br /> | founder = [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]]<br /> | established_title = Founded<br /> | established_date = [[AD]] {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1578}} <br /> | named_for = [[Ali]] the husband of [[Fatima]], daughter of the [[Muhammad|Prophet Mohammed PBAH]].<br /> | government_type = Municipal Corporation<br /> | governing_body = [[GHMC|GHMC Malkajgiri Circle]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]<br /> | postal_code = Moula Ali - 500040<br /> | area_code = +9140<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Malkajgiri Assembly constituency|Malkajgiri]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Moula-Ali''' commonly known as Moula Ali. It is a well-developed industrial and urban area in [[Malkajgiri mandal|Malkajgiri Mandal]], of the [[Medchal-Malkajgiri district]], it is a part of [[Greater Hyderabad]] and also a part of [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Region]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. This area is well connected with rail transportation through the [[Moula Ali Railway Station]]. <br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Geetanath|first1=V.|title=For a well oiled public transport|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/for-a-well-oiled-public-transport/article5990065.ece|access-date=2 November 2016|work=The Hindu|date=9 May 2014|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is noted for its [[Moula Ali hill]], on top of which stands the Moula Ali Dargah and mosque, dedicated to [[Ali]].<br /> <br /> This was built during the era of the [[Qutb Shahi]] rulers. The Moula Ali Dargah is one of the 11 heritage sites identified by the ''Heritage Conservation Committee'' of [[Hyderabad Urban Development Authority|HUDA]]. It is basically a large rocky area, with undulating terrain. There is another hillock opposite the Moula Ali Hill, called &quot;Qadam-e-Rasool&quot; on which the sacred relics of the Prophet were supposedly deposited by Mohammad Shakrullah Rehan, a servant of [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Mir Nizam Ali Khan]], the second nizam of [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Traces Ahl al-Beit Moula ʿAli, Hyderabad |url=https://www.sarakuehn.com/traces-ahl-al-beit-moula-ali-hyderabad |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=Sara Kuehn |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:The Nizam VI riding an elephant in a procession from Moula Ali, circa. 1895.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The [[Mahboob Ali Khan|Nizam VI]] riding an elephant in a procession from Moula Ali, circa 1895 with Moula Ali Kaman in the background]]<br /> <br /> Archaeological evidence indicates human habitation in Moula Ali since the [[megalithic]] period, including iron-age burial sites first excavated in 1935.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/arch&amp;his_articles/mega/megalith_people.htm The Megalith People of Ancient Hyderabad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924125131/http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/arch%26his_articles/mega/megalith_people.htm |date=24 September 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[File:Moula-Ali-Hyderabad-Telangana 06.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Moula-Ali dargah]][[Iron Age]] burial sites have been discovered in Moula-Ali. The earliest excavations were carried out in 1935 by the then-Department of Archaeology of the Nizam's Dominion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologynews.org/link.asp?ID=319011&amp;Title=Iron+Age+burial+site+discovered |title=Iron Age burial site discovered |publisher=Archaeologynews.org |access-date=2011-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/hyderabad-over-2-500-years-old/story-SqQV1vTwuME7dhU9Ke3x7J.html|title=Hyderabad over 2,500 years old?|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|first=|last=|date=2008-09-11|access-date=2024-10-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the Nizam era, Moula-Ali was a very prominent area, with places like the [[Hyderabad Race Club]] located here.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Hyderabad Race Club |url=http://www.hydraces.com/hrchistory.asp |title=HRC - A Brief History &amp; Achievements |publisher=Hydraces.com |access-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055701/http://www.hydraces.com/hrchistory.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Later in 1886 it was shifted to [[Malakpet]]. This shift was carried out for the convenience of H.H. Nawab [[Mir Mahboob Ali Khan]], the VI&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Nizam (seen in the picture on left with Moula Ali Kaman in the background). <br /> <br /> Maula Ali Dargah and Maula Ali Arch of Hyderabad came into existence during the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi]] dynasty.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} According to British historian [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple's]] accounts, a senior eunuch, Yaqut, in Qutb Shah's court was asleep, when a man in green robes appeared in a dream and revealed himself as Maula Ali (husband of [[Fatimah|Fatima]], daughter of the [[Muhammad|Prophet Mohammed]]). Yaqut followed him up to the summit of a hill, where he fell down before the Maula Ali, who was resting his right hand upon a rock. Before he could say anything Yaqut found himself awake.<br /> [[File:MoulaAli 1902 2.jpg|thumb|left|220px|View of bazaar with Maula Ali Hill in the background., circa 1902]]<br /> Yaqut set off from Golconda in search of the holy hill, and finally found it along with the mark of Maula Ali's handprint branded on the rock. The hand mark was hewn out of the rock and placed in the great arch built at the site.<br /> <br /> The highly revered [[Shia Islam|Shi’ite]] site is not just limited to the devotion of Shia Muslims; the Qutb Shahi tradition of annual celebrations commemorating Yaqut's dream was also continued and patronised by Sunni Asaf-Jahi [[Nizams]]. Many great officials and courtiers of Nizam's regime were of the Shi’ite sect. Prime minister and minister of Nizam Ali Khan, Aristu Jah and Mir Alam are few of the notable Shia Muslims. Ma Laqa Bhai Chanda, Tawaif of Nizam Ali khan's court was a notable devotee of the Maula Ali Dargah.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Maqbara with mini Mughal charbagh in the foreground (6930475580).jpg|thumb|210px|left|Tomb of Mah Laqa Bai at Moula Ali]]<br /> [[Mah Laqa Bai]] who was born '''Chanda Bai''', and a prominent 18th century [[Urdu poetry|Urdu <br /> poet]], courtesan was based in Moula Ali. She had constructed a walled compound where she frequently held ''mushairas''. Inside this compound, in 1792 she built a tomb for her mother. After her death, Mah Laqa was buried next to her mother.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Landmarks of the Deccan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgo97XF0XuYC|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|last=Bilgrami|first=Syed Ali Asgar|year=1992|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-206-0543-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A slice of history|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/02/16/stories/2010021650200100.htm|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=16 February 2010|access-date=19 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153545/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/02/16/stories/2010021650200100.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Moulali Kaman.jpg|thumb|215px|left|The Moula Ali Kaman]]<br /> In 1954, the first open prison was opened at Moula Ali. It was later shifted to Cherlaplly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/21248691/Prison-Industries-India |title=Prison Industries - India |publisher=Scribd.com |date=2008-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Overview ==<br /> <br /> The major neighbourhoods are [[Kamala Nagar, Hyderabad|Kamala Nagar]], A.S. Rao Nagar, Anand Bagh, DAE Colony etc. [[Kushaiguda]] bus depot is also located close to Moula-Ali. A large housing project by [[Andhra Pradesh Housing Board]] was established in Moula Ali. This colony is now popularly called APHB colony. APHB Colony is predominantly inhabited by government employees, majorily from companies such as [[Nuclear Fuel Complex|NFC]], Republic Forge Company (RFC), [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited|ECIL]], [[Hindustan Machine Tools|HMT]], and the [[Railway Protection Force|RPF]].<br /> <br /> [[File:MoulaAli Rocks.jpg|thumb|left|125px|Rock formations near Moula Ali]]<br /> {{Adjacent communities<br /> | width=auto<br /> | state=expanded<br /> | Centre = Moula Ali<br /> | North = [[A. S. Rao Nagar]]<br /> | Northeast = <br /> | East = [[Kamala Nagar, Hyderabad|Kamala Nagar]]<br /> | Southeast = <br /> | South = [[Lalapet]]<br /> | Southwest = <br /> | West = [[Malkajgiri]]<br /> | Northwest = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Industrial area ==<br /> <br /> Various industries are located in and around Moula Ali. The [[Nuclear Fuel Complex]] and [[Electronics Corporation of India|ECIL]] are some of the prominent facilities located near Moula Ali. The Republic Forge Company Limited, owned by the state government was also located here, though it was declared bankrupt and shut down. Moula Ali is a major centre for Indian railways, with various facilities like the electric loco-shed located here. Hyderabad Chemicals and Fertilisers was established in Moula-Ali in 1942, but by 1982, the company was declared sick and sold off to a private company. In 1961, Andhra Foundry and Machine Company Limited was established in Moula Ali.&lt;ref&gt;Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers, 1983, Published by Director of Print and Stationery, Govt. Publication Bureau, Hyderabad&lt;/ref&gt; Moula-Ali Industrial Estate, with several small and medium scale industries, is located also here.<br /> <br /> A division of [[Union Carbide]], manufacturing [[Eveready Industries|Eveready]] batteries is also located at Moula-Ali. [[HMT (India)|HMT]] Bearings Ltd (formerly Indo-Nippon Precision Bearings Ltd) also has a division in Moula-Ali. A major training centre for [[Railway Protection Force]], Indian Railways Institute for Signal and Telecommunication Engineering and the Zonal Training School (ZTS) of [[South Central Railway]] are also located at Moula Ali.<br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> [[File:VSKP - Nanded Express at Moulaali.jpg|thumb|left|210px|Moula Ali Railway Station]]<br /> Moula-Ali has well-connected buses operated by [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC), which ply on two routes covering most of the area. [[Kushaiguda]] Bus Depot is located adjacent to Moula-Ali.<br /> There is a railway station around {{convert|2|km}} from the center of Moula-Ali; it the first station encountered while travelling from [[Secunderabad]]. However, most of the major trains do not have a stop here. The nearest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train station]] is at [[Sitaphalmandi Railway Station]].<br /> The 250-year-old Moula Ali Kamaan (an [[arch]]) was declared unsafe by the Archeology Department and the Roads and Buildings Department decided not to allow traffic through it temporarily but to instead divert it through APHB Colony. Moula Ali Kamaan was restored in 2013 and traffic was permitted to use it again, with the exception of heavy vehicles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/23/stories/2010012358850300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126083013/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/23/stories/2010012358850300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-01-26 |title=Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : No traffic through Moula Ali kaman |date=2010-01-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Kaman-finds-itself-at-the-crossroads/articleshow/5425951.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811071922/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-09/hyderabad/28144997_1_heavy-traffic-structure-alternative-road |url-status=live |archive-date=2011-08-11 |title=Kaman finds itself at the crossroads |date=2010-01-09 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2011-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moula-ali is {{convert|55|km}} from [[Hyderabad International Airport]] and {{convert|5|km}} from Tarnaka Metro station.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sub-regions of Moula Ali ==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}<br /> Moula Ali is divided into 4 regions: Old Moula Ali, ECIL Extension, Upparguda, and Meerpet (also known as IDA Moula Ali) {{according to whom|date=October 2024}}.<br /> <br /> ===Old Moula Ali ===<br /> <br /> * Moula Ali Hill<br /> * Bagh -e- Hydri<br /> * Maruthi Nagar<br /> * Sharmika Nagar<br /> * New Maruthi Nagar<br /> * Chanda Bagh<br /> * MJ Colony<br /> * Saddulla Nagar<br /> * Gandhi Nagar<br /> * Gayathri Nagar<br /> * Andal Nagar<br /> * Hanuman Nagar<br /> * Kasthurba Nagar<br /> <br /> === IDA Moula Ali /Meerpet ===<br /> * Musi Nagar<br /> * Mangapuram<br /> * Kailasa giri<br /> * APHB Colony<br /> * Krishna Nagar<br /> * Indra Nagar<br /> * Meerpet<br /> * New Srinagar Colony<br /> <br /> === ECIL Extension ===<br /> <br /> * VNR Enclave<br /> * Venkateswara Nagar<br /> * APIIC Colony<br /> * Rao Nagar Colony<br /> * SP Nagar<br /> * Vasanth Vihar Colony<br /> * Gopal Nagar<br /> * Sai Delux Nagar<br /> * Raghavendra Nagar<br /> * Vasantha Vihar Colony<br /> * Jawahar Nagar<br /> * Satyagiri Colony <br /> * Green Hills Colony<br /> * Adarsh Nagar<br /> <br /> ===Upparguda===<br /> <br /> * Upparguda<br /> * Raja Nagar<br /> <br /> * Sanjay Gandhi Nagar<br /> * Moula Ali Railway Quarters <br /> * Prashanth Nagar<br /> * Ambedkar Nagar (Esuka Bavi)<br /> <br /> === Talla Basthi ===<br /> * ICRISAT Colony<br /> * Talla Basthi <br /> * CIEFL Colony<br /> * Shiridi Nagar<br /> * Kalyan Nagar<br /> * NMDC Colony<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> {{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Hyderabad district, India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saravana&diff=533140 2026-03-30T16:12:47Z

<p>Aranyam: adding a data</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2006 film by K. S. Ravikumar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Saravana<br /> | image = Saravana poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> | screenplay = K. S. Ravikumar<br /> | story = [[Boyapati Srinu]]<br /> | based_on = ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]'' (Telugu)<br /> | starring = [[Silambarasan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jyothika]]<br /> | producer = Amudha Durairaj<br /> | music = [[Srikanth Deva]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]]<br /> | editing = K. Thanikachalam<br /> | studio = Deivanai Movies<br /> | released = {{Film date|2006|01|14|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 174 minutes&lt;ref name=BBFC&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/saravanaa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zntc1mjm|title=Saravanaa|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Saravana''''' (alternatively spelled as '''''Saravanaa''''')&lt;ref name=BBFC/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=RElMLzIvMDIvMjAwNi1DSEVOIA==|title=CBFC &amp;#124; Search Film|website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action romance film]] directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]]. It stars [[Silambarasan]], [[Jyothika]], [[Five Star Krishna]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], and [[Prakash Raj]]. The film was produced by Deivanai Movies and the soundtrack was composed by [[Srikanth Deva]]. It is a remake of the 2005 Telugu blockbuster film ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]''.<br /> <br /> ''Saravana'' was released on 14 January 2006, coinciding with [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] and became a commercial success at the box office.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Saravana is a college student who returns to his home for his sister Divya's wedding with a distraught and frightened girl named Sadhana, whom Saravana introduces as his friend to his family. While the marriage preparation continues, everyone begins to wonder what Sadhana's relationship is to Saravana. Saravana's uncle Purushothaman begins to lose his emotions as he wants Saravana to marry his daughter. Purushothaman confronts Sadhana, who gets upset and an argument ensues. While at a restaurant, Saravana and Sadhana are confronted by a gang. Saravana chases the gang and thrashes them. Realizing that he has left Sadhana behind, Saravana returns to the restaurant, but finds that Sadhana is not there. Saravana's father Bhoopathi confronts Saravana and forces him to reveal about Sadhana's identity, where Saravana reveals his past.<br /> <br /> '''Past''': Saravana and Krishna are best friends, who visits Krishna's home village. Sadhana, who returns from [[London]], is impressed by Saravana, who continually impresses her based on her tastes. He gets along well with Krishna's and Sadhana's family. Saravana convinces them that he would make a prospective groom for Sadhana. Sadhana's family, mainly her brother Soundarapandiyan and his sidekick Velu are involved in regional gangs in their village. When Sadhana takes Saravana to the temple for a visit without Soundarapandiyan's knowledge, a rival gang member group, headed by Duraisingam, is attacked by Velu's group members, and Duraisingam's brother Vanjaravelu gets hold of Sadhana and threatens to kill her. In a swift action of bravery and skill, Saravana knocks down Vanjaravelu. After this incident, Soundarapandiyan tells Saravana about the violent happenings in the village.<br /> <br /> Soundarapandiyan explains how he and his wife are master's degree holder from [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani|BITS Pilani]]. Unfortunately, due to the nature of the villages, the rivalry is deadly and fatal. He ultimately says that even though the villages are violent, he will remain a noble person with high ideals. After a few days though, in the most ungrateful manner and a show cowardice, Duraisingam's gang fights with fierce brutality, and they finishes Krishna's entire family except Sadhana. Saravana promises to Soundarapandiyan that he will take up the responsibility of Sadhana. In the process, Saravana also becomes Duraisingam's rival as he kills Vanjaravelu to protect Sadhana. When Duraisingam finds out that Vanjaravelu was killed by Saravana, he decides to kill him instead of Sadhana.<br /> <br /> '''Present''': Velu trace Sadhana and bring her to Saravana's home. Feeling that she is not safe here anymore, Saravana plans to send her to London, but Sadhana is not happy with his decision as she loves him. On the day of the flight, Sadhana meets Saravana and Krishna's friend at the airport. The girl tells Sadhana about Saravana's devotion for her. She also knows that Sadhana's family chose Saravana as Sadhana's bridegroom before they were killed. Sadhana realizes she cannot leave Saravana and leaves the airport. She manages to find Saravana, who is fighting Duraisingam and his men. After Saravana defeats Duraisingam, he and Sadhana happily reunite and leave, while Duraisingam is killed by Velu.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Silambarasan]] as Saravana<br /> * [[Jyothika]] as Sadhana<br /> * [[Five Star Krishna]] as Krishna<br /> * [[Prakash Raj]] as Soundarapandi Thevar<br /> * [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as V. C. Damodaran (VCD)<br /> * [[Eashwari Rao]] as Uma Maheshwari, Soundarapandi's wife<br /> * [[Ravi Kale]] as Duraisingam Thevar<br /> * [[Radha Ravi]] as Bhoopathi, Saravana's father<br /> * [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Lakshmi, Saravana's mother<br /> * [[Nagesh]] as Varadharajan, Saravana's grandfather<br /> * [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Purushothaman, Saravana's uncle<br /> * [[Tharika]] as Divya, Saravanaa's elder sister<br /> * [[Devadarshini]] as Amudha, Saravana's elder sister-in-law<br /> * [[Meghna Naidu]] as Sathya, Saravana's cousin<br /> * [[Brahmaji]] as Velu, Soundarapandi's sidekick<br /> * [[Subbaraju]] as Vanjaravelu Thevar, Duraisingam's younger brother<br /> * Akhila as Savithri, Velu's younger sister and Krishna's lover<br /> * [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Veerapandi Thevar <br /> * [[Cell Murugan]] as Police Inspector T. Manavalaan<br /> * [[Besant Ravi]] as Manikkam <br /> * [[Master Bharath]] as Deepak, Saravana's nephew<br /> * [[K. S. Ravikumar]] as Man in Train (special appearance)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Amudha Durairaj produced this film under the banner ''Deivanai Movies''. This is the second collaboration of [[Silambarasan]] and [[Jyothika]] after the success of ''[[Manmadhan (film)|Manmadhan]]'' (2004). ''Saravana'' is the remake of Telugu flick ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]'', which has [[Prakash Raj]], [[Easwari Rao]], [[Brahmaji]], and [[Subbaraju]] re-enacting their roles they had played in the original Telugu version. A song was shot with [[Meghna Naidu]] and Silambarasan on sets erected at AVM, [[Prasad Studios]] and Mohan Studios.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=27 December 2005 |title=Saravana |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/12saravana.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113153134/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/12saravana.asp |archive-date=13 January 2006 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> There are six songs composed by [[Srikanth Deva]] in his second collaboration with [[Silambarasan]] after ''[[Kuthu]]'' (2004). The song &quot;Saa Boo Three&quot; was reused from the song &quot;Sa Sye&quot; from the original Telugu film. The song “Gori Thera” was lifted from [[Don't Phunk with My Heart]] by the American hip-hop group [[Black Eyed Peas]].<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Gori Thera&quot; || [[Silambarasan Rajendar|Silambarasan]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]] || [[P. Vijay]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kadhal Keedhal&quot; || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Reshmi, Silambarasan, [[Premgi Amaren]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kadhal Sutthudhe&quot; || [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Sadhana Sargam]] || [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kadhal Vandhum&quot; || [[V. V. Prasanna]], [[Saindhavi]] || Thenmozhi<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Saa Poo Three Pottu&quot; || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], Baby Vaishali || [[Na. Muthukumar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unnodu Purushanaga&quot; || [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]] || [[Snehan]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''The Hindu'' wrote &quot;Deivanai Movie Makers' ''Saravana'' (U/A) opens with the hero's entry in typical filmi style and his sermons on (what else can it be?) love! Thankfully things take off on a serious plane q uite soon. Writer-director K. S. Ravikumar and Silambarasan come together for the first time in this Telugu remake, and with ample scope to sing and dance, love and laugh and fight and cry, Simbu makes his presence felt in every frame&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;hi&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=19 January 2006 |title=A rendezvous with action |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-rendezvous-with-action/article3216814.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231106142017/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-rendezvous-with-action/article3216814.ece |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lajjavathi of ''Kalki'' wrote &quot;The director has tried a drippy action on one side and a family drama on the other but the screenplay falters as the story relies on flashback. Is it the way for directors like KS Ravikumar to go backwards when Tamil cinema is heading towards new route in terms of ideas and making? Is it worth it?&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=5 February 2006 |title=சரவணா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-02-05/page/n1/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240308141419/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-02-05/page/n1/mode/2up |archive-date=8 March 2024 |access-date=8 March 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=1 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> {{K. S. Ravikumar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]<br /> [[Category:2006 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> [[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2006 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s masala films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> [[Category:Action film remakes]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hum_Do_Hamare_Do&diff=457660 2026-03-26T22:13:13Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2021 film directed by Abhishek Jain}}<br /> {{About||the 1984 Hindi film|Hum Do Hamare Do (1984 film)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Hum Do Hamare Do<br /> | image = Hum Do Hamare Do poster.jpg<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Official release poster<br /> | director = [[Abhishek Jain]]<br /> | producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]<br /> | writer = Prashant Jha<br /> | story = Abhishek Jain&lt;br/&gt;Deepak Venkateshan<br /> | based_on =<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]|[[Paresh Rawal]]|[[Ratna Pathak Shah]]}}<br /> | cinematography = [[Amalendu Chaudhary]]<br /> | editing = Dev Rao Jadhav<br /> | music = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | studio = [[Maddock Films|Maddock Originals]]<br /> | distributor = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|10|29}}<br /> | runtime = 129 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hum Do Hamare Do''''' ({{translation|''Two of us, two of ours''}}) is a 2021 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Abhishek Jain]] and produced by [[Dinesh Vijan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 February 2021 |title=Dinesh Vijan announces new comedy film with Rajkummar Rao and Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dinesh-vijan-announces-new-comedy-film-with-rajkummar-rao-and-kriti-sanon-1647899-2020-02-19 |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do teaser: Rajkummar Rao, Kriti Sanon adopt parents in this family entertainer, watch |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hum-do-hamare-do-teaser-rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-7555063/ |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Kriti Sanon]], [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Ratna Pathak Shah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 October 2021 |title=Kriti Sanon, Rajkummar Rao's 'Hum Do Hamare Do' teaser out, film to release digitally |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/kriti-sanon-rajkummar-raos-hum-do-hamare-do-teaser-out-film-to-release-digitally20211006124809/ |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=ANI News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 February 2021 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Kriti Sanon to star in Dinesh Vijan &amp; Mahaveer Jain's comic drama |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-to-star-in-dinesh-vijan-mahaveer-jain-s-comic-drama-685816 |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=India TV News}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Aparshakti Khurana]], [[Manu Rishi]], [[Prachee Shah Paandya]] and [[Saanand Verma]] play supporting roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=Kriti Sanon introduces her entire Hum Do Hamare Do family with new poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-introduces-her-entire-hum-do-hamare-do-family-with-new-poster-1862331-2021-10-08 |access-date=8 October 2021 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was officially announced in February 2020 with Rao, Sanon, Rawal and [[Dimple Kapadia]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=Kriti Sanon and Rajkummar Rao to adopt parents in their next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kriti-sanon-and-rajkummar-rao-to-adopt-parents-in-their-next/articleshow/85062311.cms |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later after the production was deferred due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Kapadia quit the film and was replaced by Pathak Shah. After being postponed for over six months due to the pandemic, the [[Principal photography]] finally begun on 30 October 2020 in [[Chandigarh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 October 2020 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Kriti Sanon to start shooting on Oct 30 for upcoming project |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/oct/23/rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-to-start-shooting-on-oct-30-for-upcoming-project-2213996.html |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 October 2020 |title=Dinesh Vijan's next with Kriti Sanon and Rajkummar Rao will go on floors on October 30, 2020 as scheduled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dinesh-vijans-next-with-kriti-sanon-and-rajkummar-rao-put-on-hold-heres-why/articleshow/78719239.cms |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Initially slated for theatrical release, the decision was later dropped due to the second wave of the pandemic. Then it was directly released online on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 29 October 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 October 2021 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Kriti Sanon starrer Hum Do Hamare Do to release on October 29 on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-starrer-hum-hamare-release-october-29-disney-hotstar/ |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Dhruv Shikhar is an orphan who used to work at Purushottam's dhaba. After becoming an adult, he became an entrepreneur and falls in love with Aanya Mehra, whom he first met at his Virtual reality app launch event. They soon become friends and then, friendship turns into love. He gets to know from her that she would like to marry a guy with a sweet family and a pet dog. She also tells him that her parents, Anand Mehra and Yamini Mehra, died in a theater fire when she was seven years old after which she started living with her aunt, Roopa Mehra and uncle, Dr. Sanjeev Mehra.<br /> <br /> With the help of his best friend Sandeep aka Shunty, and a creepy marriage broker Joginder Arora aka Shaadiram, he unsuccessfully attempts to find fake parents to make a perfect family to impress Aanya. Then, he suddenly remembers Purushottam, who now lives in an old age home in some other city and goes to find him, along with Shunty. Their initial attempt at making Purushottam as his fake father fails, but somebody tells them about the only love of his life, Deepti Kashyap, who, because of his lack of confidence to elope, left him angrily and married another man. There too, they fail initially when they tell her that her pretend husband would be Purushottam. However, when Shunty tells her that she was the one who visited Purushottam's dhaba many years ago, when Dhruv used to work there, and gave Dhruv money to buy some new clothes for himself and asked him to change his name from &quot;Bal Premi&quot; to a better and more realistic name, she immediately agrees to act as Dhruv's fake mother. Seeing Deepti, Purushottam also agrees to act as his father, because even after all these years, he still loves her.<br /> <br /> Soon they meet Aanya's parents and with a few lies in attempting to make it look like a true family, their marriage is fixed. Unfortunately, because of an accidental reveal of Dhruv being an orphan and his fake family, Aanya's family cancels the marriage on the Sangeet day. After the failed attempt at marriage, Aanya's angry uncle and aunt fix her marriage with somebody else.<br /> <br /> On the other hand, because of living together for so long, Purushottam, Deepti and Dhruv start living like a real family. Seeing Dhruv's sorrow, his &quot;parents&quot; - Purushottam and Deepti go to apologize to the Mehra family and find out about her upcoming wedding with another man, and Dr. Sanjeev Mehra humiliates both of them. Dhruv learns of this, and tells his parents to forget about Aanya. In the end, it is because of Aanya's younger sister Kanika, that she understands that Dhruv is the right man for her, as he took the trouble of creating a whole family, simply for her. She then goes to him and proposes, and he finally agrees and they marry.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Rajkummar Rao]] as Dhruv Shikhar / Balpremi<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]] as Aanya Mehra<br /> * [[Paresh Rawal]] as Purushottam Mishra/Premi<br /> * [[Ratna Pathak Shah]] as Deepti Kashyap<br /> * [[Aparshakti Khurana]] as Sandeep &quot;Shunty Babu Naidu&quot; Sachdeva<br /> * [[Manu Rishi]] as Dr. Sanjeev Mehra<br /> * [[Prachee Shah Paandya|Prachi Shah]] as Roopa Mehra<br /> * Mazel Vyas as Kanika Mehra<br /> * [[Saanand Verma]] as Joginder &quot;Shaadiram&quot; Arora<br /> * [[Avijit Dutt]] as Jagmohan Diwan<br /> * Shibani Bedi as Tara Sachdeva<br /> * Himanshu Sharma as Rabban<br /> * Varun Narang as Panelist<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> The film received mixed to negative reviews with praise directed towards its music, storyline and performances of Rawal and Shah but criticism directed towards its writing and overall execution. [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;[[Rajkummar Rao]] is saddled with the task of salvaging a poorly written protagonist whose impulses, compulsions and decisions border on the inexplicable.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saibal Chatterjee |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Review: Kriti Sanon's is most noteworthy performance in unfunny caper |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/hum-do-hamare-do-review-kriti-sanons-is-most-noteworthy-performance-in-unfunny-caper-1-5-stars-out-of-5-2591905 |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=NDTV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shubham Kulkarni, Author at Koimoi gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;It's a reminder of why we need to bring back the veterans and give them characters they can blow.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shubham Kulkarni |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review:Paresh Rawal And Ratna Pathak Shah Are Iconic But The Film Relies Too Heavily On Them |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/movie-reviews/hum-do-hamare-do-movie-review-paresh-rawal-ratna-pathak-shah-are-iconic-but-the-film-relies-too-heavily-on-them/ |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prathyush Parasuraman of [[Firstpost]] gave a rating of 3/5 and wrote,&quot; ''Hum Do Hamare Do'' holds weak foundations with lazy character detailing but is saved by a better second-half.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prathyush Parasuraman |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review:Rajkummar Rao, Kriti Sanon's charm papers over weak conflict |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hum-do-hamare-do-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanons-charm-papers-over-weak-conflict-10094911.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shubhra Gupta of [[The Indian Express]] gave 1.5 stars and wrote, &quot;The only ones who occasionally make feeble attempts to rise above this muddle are Ratna Pathak Shah and Paresh Rawal, and should have been given more to do.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shubhra Gupta |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao, Kriti Sanon Film is relentlessly banal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/hum-do-hamare-do-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-7596508/ |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Stutee Ghosh]] from ''[[The Quint]]'' gave 2.5 stars and said, &quot;For a film that couldn't make the man do the obvious thing and speak up, the makers manage to regurgitate every other trope to make the story move along.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stutee Ghosh |date=29 October 2021 |title='Hum Do Hamare Do' Review: Ratna Pathak and Paresh Rawal shine in this lazy film |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hum-do-hamare-do-review-ratna-pathak-shah-rajkummar-rao-paresh-rawal-kriti-sanon |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=The Quint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hiren Kotwani of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Hum Do Hamare Do'' is a decent watch... but if only the second half had been more engaging with a few dollops more of humour.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hiren Kotwani |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Review : The performances stand out in this family dramedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/hum-do-hamare-do/ottmoviereview/86840771.cms |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sukanya Verma from [[Rediff.com]] gave 2 stars and said, &quot;''Hum Do Hamare Do'' is the kind of rush job rom-com that cuts to the chase after so much dillydallying and in such a dull manner, it completely misses the point.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sukanya Verma |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/hum-do-hamare-do-review/20211029.htm |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Rediff.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nayandeep Rakshit from Bollywood Bubble gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;The movie has the perfect blend of the navras – you smile, you laugh, you enjoy and you cry, all along with them. The songs are beautifully positioned although they aren’t the highlight of the film.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do: Ratna Pathak Shah, Paresh Rawal, Kriti Sanon &amp; Rajkummar Rao add to the fun in this dys'fun'ctional comedy |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/movie-reviews/hum-do-hamare-do-movie-review-kriti-sanon-rajkummar-rao/ |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Bollywood Bubble |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Himesh Mankad of [[Pinkvilla]] gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Hum Do Hamare Do'' is made with the right intent, however, the premise had the potential of more humour through the narrative and required a rather nuanced approach in terms of emotions in the last 25 minutes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Himesh Mankad |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review: An average family comedy with good performances |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/hum-do-hamare-do-movie-review-average-family-comedy-good-performances-928939 |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave 2.5 stars and stated,&quot;''Hum Do Hamare Do'' rests on a great plot and fine performances but the average script and weak climax diminishes the impact.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hum-do-hamare-do-2/critic-review/hum-do-hamare-do-2-movie-review/the-average-script-and-weak-climax-diminishes-the-impact-of-hum-do-hamare-do/ |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Hum Do Hamare Do<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 21 October 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 October 2021 |title=Hum Do Hamare Do – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/hum-do-hamare-do/i8OQ3Jx7WDA_ |publisher=Jiosaavn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | recorded = 2021<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 22:19<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;!--Do not link per WP:OL--&gt;<br /> | label = [[Zee Music Company]]<br /> | producer =<br /> | prev_title = [[Shiddat]]<br /> | prev_year = 2021<br /> | year = 2021<br /> | next_title = [[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]<br /> | next_year = 2021<br /> | misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br /> |{{YouTube|3AsZRZJoWZw|Hum Do Hamare Do - Full Album}}<br /> }}}}<br /> <br /> The film's music was composed by [[Sachin–Jigar]] while the lyrics were written by [[Shellee]].<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 22:19<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Bansuri<br /> | extra1 = [[Asees Kaur]], IP Singh, [[Dev Negi]], [[Madhubanti Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | length1 = 2:47<br /> | title2 = Kamli<br /> | extra2 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], Sachin–Jigar<br /> | length2 = 3:11<br /> | title3 = Mauj - E - Karam<br /> | extra3 = [[Sachet–Parampara|Sachet Tandon]], Parampara Tandon, Sachin–Jigar<br /> | length3 = 3:53<br /> | title4 = Raula Pae Gayaa<br /> | extra4 = [[Daler Mehndi]], Sachin–Jigar<br /> | length4 = 3:31<br /> | title5 = Dum Gutkoon<br /> | extra5 = [[Master Saleem]], Divya Kumar, Sachin–Jigar<br /> | length5 = 5:15<br /> | title6 = Vedha Sajjeyaa<br /> | extra6 = [[Rekha Bhardwaj]], Varun Jain, Sachin–Jigar<br /> | length6 = 3:42<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt11816092}}<br /> * [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hum-do-hamare-do-2/ Hum Do Hamare Do] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chandigarh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chandigarh]]<br /> [[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]<br /> [[Category:Films about adoption]]<br /> [[Category:Films about fraud]]<br /> [[Category:Films about parent–child relationships]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Maddock Films films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boselaphini&diff=492245 2026-03-22T03:04:34Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Tribe of mammals}}<br /> {{Automatic Taxobox<br /> | name = Boselaphini<br /> | image = Nilgaihead.jpg<br /> | image_caption = [[Nilgai]]<br /> | image2 = ChousinghaHead.jpg<br /> | image2_caption = [[Four-horned antelope]]<br /> | taxon = Boselaphini<br /> | authority = [[Theodor Christian Bernhard Knottnerus-Meyer|Knottnerus-Meyer]], 1907<br /> | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]<br /> | subdivision = <br /> *''[[Tetracerus]]''<br /> *''[[Boselaphus]]''<br /> and see [[#Genera|text]].<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Boselaphini''' is a [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of [[Bovinae|bovines]]. It contains only two [[extant taxon|extant]] [[genus|genera]], each with a single extant [[species]].<br /> <br /> ==Evolution==<br /> The Boselaphini or four-horned [[antelope]] tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the broader [[subfamily]]. The oldest fossil members of the tribe, such as ''[[Eotragus]]'', date to the [[Miocene]] about 18 to 20 million years ago. Such fossils possessed horns very similar to those of males belonging to the two living species, although in some cases, they were also present in females.&lt;ref name=Kostopoulos2005&gt;{{cite journal | author = Kostopoulos, D.S. | year = 2005 | title = The Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdaği, Turkey | journal = Geodiversitas | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | url = http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/6877_g05n4a11.pdf | pages = 747–791 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061202104133/http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/6877_g05n4a11.pdf | archive-date = 2006-12-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Enamel [[Δ13C|δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]] values of boselaphins and [[Bovini|bovins]] from the [[Late Miocene]] of [[Pakistan]] indicates that the former preferred more closed habitats than the latter, which favoured foraging in more open environments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bibi |first=Faysal |date=27 September 2007 |title=Dietary niche partitioning among fossil bovids in late Miocene C3 habitats: Consilience of functional morphology and stable isotope analysis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018207003483?casa_token=Q3bouaoFNbIAAAAA:1CNVQDiVKUfclfIW8rdvFU_opARdNw6AMF-a-UMirPTvso2uAewoDiaXSWCxx1qvore0xeq6ZpNe |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=253 |issue=3-4 |pages=529–538 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.06.014 |access-date=17 September 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> Both extant species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of [[India]], and tend to avoid open plains. The [[nilgai]] has been introduced into southern [[Texas]] where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long-term insurance for its survival.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}<br /> <br /> ==Genera==<br /> ===Extant species===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Image !! Genus !! Species<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) male.jpg|175px]] || ''[[Boselaphus]]'' {{small|Blainville, 1816}} ||<br /> *[[nilgai]] (''Boselaphus tragocamelus'')<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Bondla-12.jpg|175px]] || ''[[Tetracerus]]'' {{small|Leach, 1825}} || <br /> *[[ four-horned antelope]] (''Tetracerus quadricornis'')<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Phylogeny===<br /> The following are the genera classified under the tribe. Genera marked with † are extinct.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author = Haaramo, M. | title = Mikko's Phylogency Archive (Boselaphini) | url = http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/synapsida/eutheria/artiodactyla/bovioidea/boselaphini.html | access-date = 25 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Tribe Boselaphini'''<br /> * ''[[Boselaphus]]''<br /> **''[[Boselaphus tragocamelus]]'' - [[Nilgai]] or blue bull (not to be confused with the extinct [[bluebuck]] ''Hippotragus leucophaeus'')<br /> * †''[[Elachistoceras]]''<br /> * †''[[Duboisia (antelope)|Duboisia]]''<br /> * †''[[Eotragus]]''<br /> * †''[[Neotragocerus]]''<br /> * †''[[Pachyportax]]''<br /> * †''[[Perimia]]''<br /> * †''[[Phronetragus]]''<br /> * †''[[Pliodorcas]]''<br /> * †''[[Plioportax]]''<br /> * †''[[Proboselaphus]]''<br /> * †''[[Ruticeros]]''<br /> * †''[[Samokeros]]''<br /> * †''[[Selenoportax]]''<br /> * †''[[Sivaportax]]''<br /> * †''[[Sivoreas]]''<br /> * †''[[Strogulognathus]]''<br /> * ''[[Tetracerus]]''<br /> ** ''[[Tetracerus quadricornis]]'' - [[Four-horned antelope]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Leslie, D.M. &amp; Sharma K. | year = 2009 | title = ''Tetracerus quadricornis'' (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) | journal = Mammalian Species | issue = 843 | pages = 1–11 | doi = 10.1644/843.1| doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * †''[[Tragoreas]]''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Artiodactyla|R.4}}<br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q722385}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Boselaphini| ]]<br /> [[Category:Antelopes]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals of India]]<br /> [[Category:Mammal tribes]]<br /> <br /> {{eventoedungulate-stub}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Itakhuli&diff=471390 2026-03-20T16:02:19Z

<p>Aranyam: updated details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Mughal-Ahom war (1682)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox military conflict<br /> | conflict = Battle of Itakhuli<br /> | partof = the [[Ahom-Mughal conflicts]]<br /> | image = <br /> | date = {{start and end dates|1682|8|15|1682|8|16|df=yes}}<br /> | place = [[Guwahati]]<br /> | result = Ahom victory&lt;ref name=&quot;dick247&quot;/&gt;<br /> | combatant1 = [[Ahom kingdom]]<br /> | combatant2 = [[Mughal Empire]]<br /> | commander1 = Dihingia Alun [[Borbarua]]&lt;ref&gt;{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1992|p=253}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | commander2 = Mansur Khan&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 254&quot;&gt;{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1992|p=254}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Ali Akbar&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 254&quot;&gt;{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1992|p=254}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Jayanta Singh&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 254&quot;&gt;{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1992|p=254}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | strength1 = <br /> | strength2 = <br /> | casualties1 = <br /> | casualties2 = <br /> | territory = Ahoms reconquer lands unto the [[Manas River]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Gogoi |first=Deepanjan |title=The Ahom-Mughal Conflict: A Study of the Political Geography of Medieval Assam (1228-1826) |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/The-Ahom-Mughal-Conflict.pdf |website=Vivekananda International Foundation |date=July 2020 |access-date=25 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Cannon of Gadadhar Singha 2.jpg|thumb|Captured cannon from the Mughals after the battle of Itakhuli]]<br /> {{Assam History}}<br /> The '''Battle of Itakhuli''' was fought in August 1682 between the [[Ahom Kingdom]] and the [[Mughal Empire]] in an area that is in modern-day [[Assam]]. The Ahoms pushed back Mughal control to the west of the [[Manas River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;dick247&quot;&gt;&quot;In the Battle of Itakhuli in September 1682, the Ahom forces chased the defeated Mughals nearly one hundred kilometers back to the Manas River. The Manas then became the Ahom-Mughal boundary until the British occupation.&quot; {{harv|Richards|1995|p=247}}&lt;/ref&gt; The main battle was fought at a garrison island on the Brahmaputra, in which the Mughal [[Faujdar|fauzdar]], Mansur Khan, was defeated and the remnant of the Mughal forces pursued to the [[Manas River]]. With this win, the Ahoms recovered [[Kamrup region#Sarkar Kamrup (1639-1681)|Sarkar Kamrup]] from the Mughals.<br /> <br /> ==Ahom preparations==<br /> After [[Gadadhar Singha]] became the [[Ahom Dynasty|Ahom king]] in 1681, preparations began in March 1682 for a war to expel the [[Mughals]] from [[Guwahati]]. An army was organized under the Dihingiya Alun Barbarua. A three-pronged advance was made in June and July 1682: under the commands of Holou Deka-Phukan and the Namdangiya Phukan along the north bank of the [[Brahmaputra River]]; under Garhgayan Sanikoi Neog Phukan and Khamrak Charingiya Phukan along the south bank; and the navy under Bandar Barphukan and Champa Paniphukan.&lt;ref&gt;{{harv|Sarkar|1992|p=253}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Mughal defences and battles==<br /> The Mughals were at a disadvantage, with the ''faujdar'' Mansur Khan ill, and widespread discontent among the soldiers.&lt;ref name=&quot;harv|Sarkar|1992|p=254&quot;&gt;{{harv|Sarkar|1992|p=254}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Imperial attention was focused elsewhere: [[Aurangzeb]], the Mughal emperor, was drawn toward the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] due to the [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] (1680–1707), and the [[Bengal Subah|Subah of Bengal]] was busy with its dispute with the [[East India Company]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 256&quot;&gt;{{harv|Sarkar|1992|p=256}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the Ahom forces advanced, the Mughals retreated from the advance outposts&amp;mdash;Bahbari and Kurua on the north bank and Kajali and Panikhaiti on the south bank&amp;mdash;to the fort of Itakhuli. The Ahoms now cast their focus on Shah Buruz on the north bank (Salal Borgohain, Bandar Borphukan, the Sadiyakhowa Gohain, the Marangikhowa Gohain, and others) and on [[Itakhuli]] on the south bank (Dihingiya Borbarua, Saring Phukan, and others posted at the Sarania fort). The Pani Phukan kept his fleet at the mouth of the Barnadi River.&lt;ref name=&quot;harv|Sarkar|1992|p=254&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The only contested battle was fought when Ali Akbar, the commander of Itakhuli, attacked the Ahom forces at the Sarania fort, but he had to retreat after heavy losses. This prompted the ''faujdar'' Mansur Khan to desert the fort (17 July 1682). At this, the Ahoms advanced to Itakhuli and besieged it.&lt;ref name=&quot;harv|Sarkar|1992|p=254&quot;/&gt; A naval battle was fought at Paniduar on 15 August 1682 between the Dihingia Rajkhowa (Ahom) and Jayanta Singha (Mughal), with the defeat and surrender of Jayanta, leaving the garrison at Itakhuli without any naval support.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 255&quot;&gt;{{harv|Sarkar|1992|p=255}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Unable to sustain his position, Ali Akbar abandoned Itakhuli with his forces the next day at dawn, met with Masur Khan at Guwahati, and retreated to Rangamati secretly by boat. The cavalry—under Indradaman, Dalan Singh, and Kabir Khan—retreated by land, pursued by the Borbarua by land and water up to the Manas River. The evacuated fort of Itakhuli was then occupied by the Chetia Borphukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 255&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath of the war==<br /> The war spoils were enormous&amp;mdash;pearls, gold, silver, copper, brass, lead, weapons and animals of war. Among the prisoners, the cousins of Raja Ramsingh were released, but the Bhatdhara Phukan, brother of the late [[Laluksola Borphukan]] who had abandoned Guwahati, was ghoulishly killed.&lt;ref&gt;Bhatdhara Phukan was made to eat the flesh of his sons and then killed. {{harv|Sarkar|1992|p=255ff}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the fall of Itakhuli, the Ahom kingdom quickly occupied the region up to Manas River, and set up administration under the [[Borphukan]], with his headquarters at Guwahati.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 1992 256&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |access-date=26 January 2013 |year=1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521566037 }}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=J N |chapter=Assam-Mughal Relations |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H K |year=1992 |publisher=Publication Board Assam |location=Guwahati |pages=148–256}}<br /> *{{cite web |last=Gogoi |first=Deepanjan |title=The Ahom-Mughal Conflict: A Study of the Political Geography of Medieval Assam (1228-1826) |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/The-Ahom-Mughal-Conflict.pdf |website=Vivekananda International Foundation |date=July 2020 |access-date=25 September 2024}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:17th century in the Ahom kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Conflicts in 1682|Itakhuli]]<br /> [[Category:1682 in India]]<br /> [[Category:History of Guwahati]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anima_Anandkumar&diff=486615 2026-03-20T15:39:19Z

<p>Aranyam: made first bio from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Researcher and Professor of computing}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Anima Anandkumar<br /> | image = Anima Anandkumar speaking at AAAS 2026.jpg<br /> | caption = Dr. Anandkumar speaking at AAAS 2026<br /> | birth_place = Mysore, India<br /> | workplaces = [[University of California Irvine]] &lt;br /&gt; [[California Institute of Technology]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])&lt;br /&gt; [[Cornell University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])<br /> | doctoral_advisor = Lang Tong<br /> | thesis_title = Scalable Algorithms for Distributed Statistical Inference<br /> | thesis_url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190108050015/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4008/25a65459f3e19d08f0d3b77c61713953521b.pdf<br /> | thesis_year = 2009<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Animashree''' ('''Anima''') '''Anandkumar''' is the Bren Professor of Computing at [[California Institute of Technology]]. Previously, she was a senior director of [[Machine learning|Machine Learning]] research at [[Nvidia|NVIDIA]] and a principal scientist at [[Amazon Web Services]]. Her research considers [[Tensor algebra|tensor-algebraic]] methods, [[deep learning]] and non-convex problems.<br /> <br /> == Education and early career ==<br /> Anandkumar was born in [[Mysore]]. Her parents are both engineers, and her grandfather was a mathematician.&lt;ref name=bit/&gt; Her great-great-grandfather was the [[Sanskrit]] scholar [[R. Shamasastry]]. She began to study [[Bharatanatyam]] and she learnt this style of dancing for many years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She studied [[electrical engineering]] at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] and graduated in 2004.&lt;ref name=bit&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2008|title=Contributors|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=54|issue=7|pages=3371–3382|doi=10.1109/TIT.2008.924739|issn=0018-9448}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attended [[Cornell University]] for her graduate studies, earning a PhD under the supervision of Lang Tong in 2009. Her first project looked at distributed [[statistical estimation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Anandkumar |first1=Animashree |last2=Tong |first2=Lang |chapter=Distributed Statistical Inference using Type Based Random Access over Multi-access Fading Channels |title=2006 40th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems |date=2006 |pages=38–43 |doi=10.1109/CISS.2006.286427|isbn=1-4244-0349-9 |chapter-url=https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170920-145744615 }}&lt;/ref&gt; She was an [[IBM]] Fellow at [[Cornell University]] between 2008 and 2009. Her thesis considered ''Scalable Algorithms for Distributed Statistical Inference''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Scalable algorithms for distributed statistical inference|last=Animashree.|first=Anandkumar|date=2009|oclc=458398906}}&lt;/ref&gt; During her PhD she worked in the networking group at [[IBM]] on end-to-end service-level transactions. She was a postdoctoral scholar at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] until 2010, where she worked in the [[Stochastic]] Systems Group with Alan Willsky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.widsconference.org/anima-anandkumar.html|title=Anima Anandkumar|website=Women in Data Science (WiDS) Conference 2019|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100859/https://www.widsconference.org/anima-anandkumar.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> In 2010, Anandkumar joined [[University of California, Irvine]], as an assistant professor. At the time, the technology industry was at the beginning of the [[big data]] revolution. Here she started working on [[tensor decomposition]]s of [[latent variable model]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Anandkumar|first1=Anima|last2=Ge|first2=Rong|last3=Hsu|first3=Daniel|last4=Kakade|first4=Sham M.|last5=Telgarsky|first5=Matus|date=2012-12-08|title=Tensor Decompositions for Learning Latent Variable Models|location=Fort Belvoir, VA|doi=10.21236/ada604494|arxiv=1210.7559|bibcode=2012arXiv1210.7559A|s2cid=14587260 | journal= Journal of Machine Learning Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; She joined [[Microsoft Research]] in [[New England]] as a visiting scientist in 2012. In 2013 she was awarded a [[National Science Foundation CAREER Awards|National Science Foundation CAREER Award]] to investigate big data and social networks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1251267|title=NSF Award Search: Award#1251267 - BIGDATA: Small: DA: DCM: Measurement and Learning in Large-Scale Social Networks|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was made an associate professor with tenure at [[University of California, Irvine|UC Irvine]] in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://datascience.uci.edu/portfolio-items/anima-anandkumar/|title=Anima Anandkumar|website=UCI Data Science Initiative|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305044956/http://datascience.uci.edu/portfolio-items/anima-anandkumar/|archive-date=2015-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; She specialised in large-scale machine learning and [[high-dimensional statistics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/centers/easton-technology-management-center/events/ces-2019/ces-2017/speakers|title=Speakers {{!}} UCLA Anderson School of Management|website=www.anderson.ucla.edu|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108052243/http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/centers/easton-technology-management-center/events/ces-2019/ces-2017/speakers|archive-date=2019-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anandkumar was a principal scientist at [[Amazon Web Services]] from 2016 to 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/in-the-research-spotlight-anima-anandkumar/|title=In the Research Spotlight: Anima Anandkumar|date=2017-05-16|website=Amazon Web Services|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She worked with the [[Apache MXNet]] tool, introducing new functionality and developing multi-modal processing algorithms.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/deep-learning-thats-easy-to-implement-and-easy-to-scale|title=Deep learning that's easy to implement and easy to scale|last=Lorica|first=Ben|date=2017-03-09|website=O'Reilly Media|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She represented [[Amazon Web Services]] at the [[Anita Borg Institute]] in 2017, and in 2018, both the Mulan forum for Chinese women entrepreneurs and [[Shaastra]], where she discussed [[Deep learning|Deep Learning]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Amazon Web Services|title=Distributed Deep Learning|date=20 February 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-0NsApwxGU|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hub.packtpub.com/anima-anandkumar-the-machine-learning-guru-behind-aws-bids-adieu-to-aws/|title=Anima Anandkumar, the machine learning guru behind AWS bids adieu to AWS|last=Sugandha Lahoti|date=2018-09-01|website=Packt Hub|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She also worked on [[Amazon Rekognition]], [[Amazon Lex]] and [[Amazon Polly]]. She was involved in the launch of [[Amazon SageMaker]], an opportunity for developers to use machine learning models.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> Anandkumar joined the Machine Learning Conference Board of Advisors in 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mlconf.com/dr-anima-anandkumar-has-joined-the-mlconf-board-of-advisors/|title=Dr. Anima Anandkumar has Joined the MLconf Board of Advisors!|last=Courtney|date=2018-07-06|website=The Machine Learning Conference|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, Anandkumar joined [[Nvidia|NVIDIA]] as director of Machine Learning Research, and [[Caltech]] as the Bren Professor of Computing and Mathematical Sciences.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://research.nvidia.com/person/anima-anandkumar|title=Anima Anandkumar {{!}} Research|website=research.nvidia.com|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-celebrates-newest-cohort-named-professors|title=Caltech Celebrates Newest Cohort of Named Professors {{!}} Caltech|website=The California Institute of Technology|access-date=2019-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109112222/http://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-celebrates-newest-cohort-named-professors|archive-date=2019-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; At NVIDIA she opened a new core laboratory in [[artificial intelligence]] and [[machine learning]] in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=NVIDIA|title=Research at NVIDIA: New Core AI and Machine Learning Lab|date=29 November 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFGGksGUVcg|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://daily-ai.com/nvidia-opening-core-ai-and-ml-research-lab-in-santa-clara/|title=NVIDIA Opening Core AI and ML Research Lab in Santa Clara|last=Daily-AI|date=2018-11-30|website=Daily AI|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414012548/https://daily-ai.com/nvidia-opening-core-ai-and-ml-research-lab-in-santa-clara/}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has pushed for governments to invest in robotics and [[artificial intelligence]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/annual-gathering/2018/speakers/636537495900634483-dr-anima-anandkumar|title=Dr. Anima Anandkumar|website=World Government Summit - Speakers|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She spoke at the 2018 [[TEDxIndianaUniversity]] event &quot;From Ashes We Rise&quot; about the algorithms she has developed to process big data.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tedxindianauniversity.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602221646/http://tedxindianauniversity.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 2, 2015|title=Home|website=TEDxIndianaUniversity|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idsnews.com/article/2018/10/a-variety-of-professionals-to-speak-at-tedxiu|title='From Ashes We Rise' TEDxIU talk to feature six speakers|website=Indiana Daily Student|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anima Anandkumar has also developed AI algorithms that work with applications in various scientific domains including weather forecasting, drug discovery, scientific simulations and engineering design.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Azizzadenesheli |first1=Kamyar |last2=Kovachki |first2=Nikola |last3=Li |first3=Zongyi |last4=Liu-Schiaffini |first4=Miguel |last5=Kossaifi |first5=Jean |last6=Anandkumar |first6=Anima |title=Neural operators for accelerating scientific simulations and design |journal=Nature Reviews Physics |date=May 2024 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=320–328 |doi=10.1038/s42254-024-00712-5 |arxiv=2309.15325 |bibcode=2024NatRP...6..320A }}&lt;/ref&gt; She invented [[Neural operators|Neural Operators]] that extend deep learning to modeling multi-scale processes in these scientific domains, learn in function spaces, and are orders of magnitude faster than traditional simulations. She has developed AI-based high-resolution weather models,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference |author=Pathak, J. |author2=Subramanian, S. |author3=Harrington, P. B. |author4=Raja, S. S. |author5=Chattopadhyay, A. |author6=Mardani, M. |author7=Kurth, T. |author8=Hall, D. |author9=Li, Z. |author10=Azizzadenesheli, K. |author11=Hassanzadeh, P. |author12=Kashinath, K. |author13=Anandkumar, A. | title=FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators | date=22 February 2022 |book-title=PASC '23: Proceedings of the Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference<br /> |arxiv=2202.11214 }} &lt;/ref&gt; an AI-aided method for designing anti-infection medical catheters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title=AI-aided geometric design of anti-infection catheters | volume=10 | issue=1 | article-number=eadj1741 | journal= Science Advances | date=2024 | doi=10.1126/sciadv.adj1741| arxiv=2304.14554 | last1=Zhou | first1=Tingtao | last2=Wan | first2=Xuan | last3=Huang | first3=Daniel Zhengyu | last4=Li | first4=Zongyi | last5=Peng | first5=Zhiwei | last6=Anandkumar | first6=Anima | last7=Brady | first7=John F. | last8=Sternberg | first8=Paul W. | last9=Daraio | first9=Chiara | pmid=38170782 | pmc=10776022 | bibcode=2024SciA...10J1741Z }} &lt;/ref&gt; Neural operators were a featured highlight for 2021 in Math and Computer Science as printed in [[Quanta Magazine]],&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2021 | title=The Year in Math and Computer Science | url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-year-in-math-and-computer-science-20211223/ | access-date=30 March 2024}} &lt;/ref&gt; and genome-scale foundation models with emergent behavior in predicting evolutionary dynamics and protein function in several diverse tasks and scenarios,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Zvyagin | first1=Maxim | last2=Brace | first2=Alexander | last3=Hippe | first3=Kyle | last4=Deng | first4=Yuntian | last5=Zhang | first5=Bin | last6=Bohorquez | first6=Cindy Orozco | last7=Clyde | first7=Austin | last8=Kale | first8=Bharat | last9=Perez-Rivera | first9=Danilo | last10=Ma | first10=Heng | last11=Mann | first11=Carla M. | last12=Irvin | first12=Michael | last13=Ozgulbas | first13=Defne G. | last14=Vassilieva | first14=Natalia | last15=Pauloski | first15=James Gregory | last16=Ward | first16=Logan | last17=Hayot-Sasson | first17=Valerie | last18=Emani | first18=Murali | last19=Foreman | first19=Sam | last20=Xie | first20=Zhen | last21=Lin | first21=Diangen | last22=Shukla | first22=Maulik | last23=Nie | first23=Weili | last24=Romero | first24=Josh | last25=Dallago | first25=Christian | last26=Vahdat | first26=Arash | last27=Xiao | first27=Chaowei | last28=Gibbs | first28=Thomas | last29=Foster | first29=Ian | last30=Davis | first30=James J. | last31=Papka | first31=Michael E. | last32=Brettin | first32=Thomas | last33=Stevens | first33=Rick | last34=Anandkumar | first34=Anima | last35=Vishwanath | first35=Venkatram | last36=Ramanathan | first36=Arvind |display-authors=1| title=GenSLMs: Genome-scale language models reveal SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics | journal=The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications | volume=37 | issue=6 | date=2023 | issn=1094-3420 | doi=10.1177/10943420231201154 | pages=683–705|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.10.10.511571| pmc=9709791| pmid=36451881 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which won the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Gordon Bell Special Prize for High Performance Computing-Based COVID-19 Research in 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ACM Gordon Bell Special Prize for HPC-Based COVID-19 Research Awarded to Team for Modelling How Pandemic-Causing Viruses, Especially SARS-CoV-2, are Identified and Classified |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2022/november/gordon-bell-special-prize-covid-research-2022 |access-date=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anandkumar has also done some of the early work on generalist AI agents using language models, which are capable of simulating a life cycle in their learning using foundation models in an interactive manner. In particular, her work has shown how interactive in-context learning in language models can be used to construct actions in the form of program code to solve complex open-ended tasks in environments such as Minecraft&lt;ref&gt; {{cite arXiv| title=Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models | date=30 March 2023 | eprint=2305.16291 | last1=Wang | first1=Guanzhi | last2=Xie | first2=Yuqi | last3=Jiang | first3=Yunfan | last4=Mandlekar | first4=Ajay | last5=Xiao | first5=Chaowei | last6=Zhu | first6=Yuke | last7=Fan | first7=Linxi | last8=Anandkumar | first8=Anima | class=cs.AI }} &lt;/ref&gt; and robotic reinforcement learning.&lt;ref&gt; {{cite arXiv | title=Eureka: Human-Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Models | eprint=2310.12931 | author1=Yecheng Jason Ma | last2=Liang | first2=William | last3=Wang | first3=Guanzhi | last4=Huang | first4=De-An | last5=Bastani | first5=Osbert | last6=Jayaraman | first6=Dinesh | last7=Zhu | first7=Yuke | last8=Fan | first8=Linxi | last9=Anandkumar | first9=Anima | date=2023 | class=cs.RO }} &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While at Caltech, Anandkumar co-founded the AI for Science initiative in 2018. In 2023, she was invited by the Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) on AI+Science.&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2024 | title=Anima Anandkumar Briefs PCAST on AI Enabling Science | url=http://www.cms.caltech.edu/news-events/news/anima-anandkumar-briefs-pcast-on-ai-enabling-science | access-date=30 March 2024}} &lt;/ref&gt; In addition, she has given keynotes at the Annual Meeting of the US National Committee for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2020 | url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/08-27-2020/machine-learning-in-mechanics-the-us-national-committee-on-theoretical-and-applied-mechanics-usnc-tam | access-date=30 March 2024 | title = Machine Learning in Mechanics: The U.S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (USNC/TAM)<br /> }} &lt;/ref&gt; the UCLA distinguished seminar,&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2024 | title=Anima Anandkumar | url=https://ww3.math.ucla.edu/dls/anima-anandkumar/ | access-date=30 March 2024}} &lt;/ref&gt; the SIAM annual meeting,&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2024 | title=AN21 Invited Presentations | url=https://www.siam.org/conferences/cm/program/invited-presentations/an21-invited-presentations | access-date=30 March 2024}} &lt;/ref&gt; the Nature Reviews Physics, hosted by the Alan Turing Institute,&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation | year=2024 | title=Nature Reviews Physics: Machine learning research in industry | url=https://www.turing.ac.uk/events/nature-reviews-physics-machine-learning-research-industry | access-date=30 March 2024}} &lt;/ref&gt; and the TED2024 conference.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Anandkumar |first1=Anima |title=AI that connects the digital and physical worlds |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/anima_anandkumar_ai_that_connects_the_digital_and_physical_worlds |website=TED|date=9 July 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Campaigns ==<br /> Anandkumar launched a petition to [[Timothy A. Gonsalves]] to try and convince the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] to end gender segregation in the admissions process at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.t5eiitm.org/2018/01/shaastra-spotlight-interviews-anima-anandkumar/|title=Shaastra Spotlight Interviews: Anima Anandkumar|last=Ghosh|first=Shubhangi|date=2018-01-18|website=The Fifth Estate|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528222244/http://www.t5eiitm.org/2018/01/shaastra-spotlight-interviews-anima-anandkumar/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The petition calls for campus-wide systems to monitor sexual harassment, improved campus security and increased engagement with alumni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/more-girl-students-to-get-admission-in-iits-from-2018/articleshow/58197318.cms|title=More girl students to get admission in IITs from 2018|date=2017-04-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has spoken openly about her own experiences of sexual harassment and called for [[Intel]] to stop using female acrobats as entertainment at their conference parties.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/story/artificial-intelligence-researchers-gender-imbalance/|title=AI Is the Future—But Where Are the Women?|last=Simonite|first=Tom|date=2018-08-17|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-07|issn=1059-1028}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was one of several campaigners to rename the [[Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems]] 'NIPS' as NeurIPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/story/ai-researchers-fight-over-four-letters-nips/|title=AI Researchers Fight Over Four Letters: NIPS|last=Simonite|first=Tom|date=2018-10-26|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-07|issn=1059-1028}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, she was awarded a [[The New York Times|''New York Times'']] Good Tech Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/technology/year-in-technology-2018.html|title=The 2018 Good Tech Awards|last=Roose|first=Kevin|date=2018-12-21|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-08|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and honors ==<br /> Anandkumar has won several awards and honours, including:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://simons.berkeley.edu/people/anima-anandkumar|title=Anima Anandkumar {{!}} Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing|website=simons.berkeley.edu|date=22 September 2016|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2025 [[Time 100|Time100]] Impact Award &quot;for using AI to accelerate scientific discovery&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Pillay |first1=Tharin |title=Anima Anandkumar Accelerates Scientific Discovery with AI |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-impact-awards/7212504/time100-impact-awards-anima-anandkumar/ |magazine=Time|date=6 February 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2025 IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award &quot;for contributions to AI, including tensor methods and neural operators with applications to scientific domains&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Anima Anandkumar to Receive the 2025 IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award [Society News] |journal=IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine |date=2024 |volume=31 |issue=4 |page=193 |doi=10.1109/MRA.2024.3478648 |bibcode=2024IRAM...31Q.193. }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2024 Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists for &quot;groundbreaking advancements in AI to address practical scientific challenges, drastically accelerating simulation of complex phenomena like weather forecasting, scientific simulations, engineering design and scientific discovery&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Anima Anandkumar 2024 National Award Finalist - Faculty |url=https://blavatnikawards.org/honorees/profile/anima-anandkumar/ |website=Blavatnik Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2024 [[TED (conference)|TED]] Speaker on &quot;AI that connects the digital and physical worlds&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 2024 Distinguished Alumnus Award by IIT Madras for &quot;her achievements and contributions towards interdisciplinary scientific innovation&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Prof. Anima Anandkumar |url=https://acr.iitm.ac.in/latestdaas/prof-anima-anandkumar/ |website=Indian Institute of Technology Madras |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023 Guggenheim Fellow in the field of computer science&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ANNOUNCING THE 2023 GUGGENHEIM FELLOWS |url=https://www.gf.org/news/foundation-news/announcing-the-2023-guggenheim-fellows/ |access-date=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023 Schmidt Sciences AI 2050 Senior Fellow that supports established leaders who have made significant contributions to their field&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Cohort of AI2050 Senior Fellows Named By Schmidt Futures |date=17 October 2023 |url=https://www.schmidtfutures.org/second-cohort-of-ai2050-senior-fellows-named-by-schmidt-futures/ |access-date=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023 AAAI Fellow for &quot;significant contributions to machine learning including neural operators for scientific machine learning and tensor methods for probabilistic models&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elected AAAI Fellows |url=https://aaai.org/about-aaai/aaai-awards/the-aaai-fellows-program/elected-aaai-fellows/ |website=Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 [[ACM Fellow]] for &quot;contributions to tensor methods for probabilistic models and neural operators&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Peltz |first1=Benjamin |title=Anima Anandkumar Named ACM Fellow |url=https://www.eas.caltech.edu/news/anima-anandkumar-named-an-acm-fellow |website=Caltech |date=18 January 2023 |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2023/january/fellows-2022|title=Global computing association names 57 fellows for outstanding contributions that propel technology today|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|date=January 18, 2023|access-date=2023-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 Outstanding Paper at [[Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems|Neural Information Processing]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agarwal |first1=Alekh |last2=Oh |first2=Alice |last3=Belgrave |first3=Danielle |last4=Cho |first4=Kyunghyun |last5=Ghadiyaram |first5=Deepti |last6=Vanschoren |first6=Joaquin |title=Announcing the NeurIPS 2022 Awards |url=https://blog.neurips.cc/2022/11/21/announcing-the-neurips-2022-awards/ |website=Neural Information Processing Systems |date=21 November 2022 |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 ACM Gordon-Bell Special Prize for HPC for COVID-19 Research&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 2021 IEEE Fellow for &quot;contributions to theory and applications in signal processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cms.caltech.edu/news/1372|title=Caltech Computing + Mathematical Sciences &amp;#124; News &amp;#124; Anima Anandkumar Elevated to IEEE Fellow|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-date=2020-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222221407/https://www.cms.caltech.edu/news/1372}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2017 [[Caltech]] Bren Endowed Chair&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Caltech Celebrates Newest Cohort of Named Professors |url=https://cce.caltech.edu/news-and-events/news/caltech-celebrates-newest-cohort-named-professors |website=Caltech |date=11 June 2018 |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2015 [[Air Force Research Laboratory|Air Force Office of Scientific Research]] Young Investigator Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cml.ics.uci.edu/2015/01/anima-anandkumar-receives-afosr-young-investigator-award/|title=Anandkumar receives AFOSR Young Investigator Award {{!}} Center for Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems|date=22 January 2015 |access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2014 [[Sloan Research Fellowship]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cml.ics.uci.edu/2014/02/anandkumar-receives-early-career-sloan-research-fellowship/|title=Anandkumar Receives 'Early-Career' Sloan Research Fellowship {{!}} Center for Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems|date=20 February 2014 |access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2013 [[Microsoft]] Faculty Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://engineering.uci.edu/news/2013/6/microsoft-research-names-anima-anandkumar-faculty-fellow|title=Microsoft Research Names Anima Anandkumar a Faculty Fellow {{!}} The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at UC Irvine|website=engineering.uci.edu|access-date=2019-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2013 [[National Science Foundation CAREER Awards|National Science Foundation CAREER Award]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * 2011 [[ACM SIGMETRICS]] Best Paper Award<br /> * 2008 [[IEEE Signal Processing Society]] Young Author Best Paper Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Anandkumar|first1=Animashree|last2=Tong|first2=Lang|date=October 2007|title=Type-Based Random Access for Distributed Detection Over Multiaccess Fading Channels|journal=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing|volume=55|issue=10|pages=5032–5043|doi=10.1109/tsp.2007.896302|bibcode=2007ITSP...55.5032A|issn=1053-587X|citeseerx=10.1.1.71.1653|s2cid=10708719}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2008-09 Fran Allen IBM PhD Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ju |first1=Anne |title=Ph.D. student's IBM award will help support women in engineering |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/12/students-ibm-award-will-help-support-women-engineering |website=Cornell Chronicle |publisher=Cornell |access-date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-07-30 |title=8 Indian-origin AI and ML experts in the US: Where did they study |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/8-indian-origin-ai-and-ml-experts-in-the-us-where-they-studied-and-their-impact/articleshow/122994310.cms |access-date=2025-12-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Anandjumar, Anima}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:American women computer scientists]]<br /> [[Category:American computer scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian computer scientists]]<br /> [[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Cornell University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of California, Irvine faculty]]<br /> [[Category:California Institute of Technology faculty]]<br /> [[Category:Machine learning researchers]]<br /> [[Category:Nvidia people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American women academics]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American academics]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American scientists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramadhanya&diff=529078 2026-03-17T23:29:13Z

<p>Aranyam: Stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Kannada-language autobiographical film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ramadhanya<br /> | image = Ramadhanya.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = T. N. Nagesh<br /> | writer = Basavaraj Suleripalya<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = Venkatesh Savanura&lt;br /&gt; Jambanna B Havalada&lt;br /&gt; Santhosh Angadi&lt;br /&gt; Anilkumar Pavali&lt;br /&gt; Govindaraju R&lt;br /&gt; Mallesh Rajagandharva&lt;br /&gt; S N Rajashekar Budal&lt;br /&gt; Mahanthesha G Thavamshi<br /> | starring = [[Yashas Surya]]&lt;br /&gt; Nimika Rathnakar<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | music = Desi Mohan<br /> | studio = Sri Lakshminarasimha Movies&lt;br/&gt;Dashamukha Ventures<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2018|5|25|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Ramadhanya''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Kannada]]-language autobiographical film directed by T. N. Nagesh and starring [[Yashas Surya]] and Nimika Rathnakar.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Yashas Surya]] in a triple role:<br /> **Raghav<br /> **[[Kanaka Dasa]]<br /> **Rama<br /> * Nimika Rathnakar in a triple role:<br /> **Surabhi<br /> **Vaduta<br /> **Sita<br /> *[[Mandya Ramesh]] as Dodda Dasayya<br /> *Venkatchala as Sanna Dasayya<br /> *Ramesh Pandit as Hanumappa<br /> *Ganesh Rao Kesarkar as Venkatagiri<br /> * Shivaram as temple priest <br /> * Shringeri Ramamna as [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama Muni]]<br /> * Ram Ram as Thathacharya <br /> * Krishna Adiga as Shrinivasacharya<br /> * Suresh Rai as [[Krishnadevaraya|Shri Krishnadevaraya]]<br /> * Vasudeva Rao as [[Timmarusu|Thimmarasa]]<br /> * Ramaswamy as Gangappa<br /> *[[Aruna Balraj]] as Gangamma<br /> * Sapna Raj as Bachchamma<br /> * Rajashekhar Boodala as Beerappa<br /> * Yash Ninasam as [[Rice|Bhatta]]<br /> * Venu Raj as [[Finger millet|Ragi]] <br /> * Devaraj Roopantara as [[Narada]]<br /> * Kuladeepa Muragod as [[Lakshmana]]<br /> * Nagaraj Poojari as [[Hanuman|Anjaneya]]<br /> * Ujwaj Roopantara as [[Sugriva|Sugreeva]]<br /> * Raju Roopantara as Sage Pipila<br /> * Nanjundaswamy as Maharshi <br /> * Santhosh Angadi as Commander-In-Chief <br /> * Rajat as [[Krishna|Shree Krishna]] <br /> * Sandeep as Mauni Baba<br /> * Gururaj Rao as [[Vyasatirtha|Vyasatheertha]]<br /> * K. Pradeep Vathaara as [[Purandara Dasa]]<br /> * Girisha Raj Roopantara as [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharatha]]<br /> * Venkatesh Kadamba as [[Shatrughna]]<br /> * Roopesh Kumara as [[Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur|Adil Shah]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> To portray [[Kanaka Dasa]], Yashas Surya watched ''[[Bhakta Kanakadasa]]'' (1960) and trained for the role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yashas-surya-underwent-intense-training-for-raamadhanya/articleshow/64305209.cms|title=Yashas Surya underwent intense training for Raamadhanya|date=24 May 2018|work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 and wrote, &quot;''Raama Dhanya'' is not your everyday glossy masala flick, but it can be watched once for its message if you pardon a few shortcomings through the course of the story&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/raama-dhanya/movie-review/64318609.cms|title=Raama Dhanya Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Raama Dhanya by Times of India|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shashiprasad S. M. of the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, &quot;Most of what the movie intends to serve the audience is well documented, and there is nothing new which is another negative. However, it could be an educating picture for those who are unaware of the saint's work and his greater message to the society&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/260518/ramadhanya-movie-review-kannada-yashas-nimika-rathnakar-shashiprasad-c.html|title=Ramadhanya movie review: For those who seek change &amp;#124; Ramadhanya movie review: For those who seek change|first=Shashiprasad|last=SM|date=26 May 2018|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|13746156}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian historical films]] <br /> [[Category:2018 Indian films]] <br /> [[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Autobiographical films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinesh_Lal_Yadav&diff=454131 2026-03-12T22:07:40Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor, singer and politician (born 1979)}}<br /> {{Redirect|Nirahua|other use|Nirahua Hindustani}}<br /> {{Use British English|date = February 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Dinesh Lal Yadav<br /> | image = Dinesh Lal Yadav at Press Conference of Celebrity Cricket League 2016 (cropped).jpg<br /> | imagesize = 240<br /> | office = Member of Parliament, [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = 26 June 2022<br /> | term_end = 4 June 2024<br /> | constituency = [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br /> | successor = [[Dharmendra Yadav]]<br /> | caption = Yadav in 2022<br /> | birth_name = Dinesh Lal Yadav<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1979|02|02}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Ghazipur]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | occupation = Actor • singer • host • politician<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Dinesh Lal Yadav''' (born 2 February 1979), popularly known as '''Nirahua''', is an Indian actor, singer, producer and politician who works in [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-language films. He is among the most successful Bhojpuri actors, with several consecutive box-office successes in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dinesh Lal Yadav's new record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Dinesh-Lal-Yadavs-new-record/articleshow/49890847.cms |date=23 November 2015 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 February 2016 |archive-date=2 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402175350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Dinesh-Lal-Yadavs-new-record/articleshow/49890847.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He owns the production house ''Nirahua Entertainment Pvt Ltd.'' Dinesh Lal Yadav was a contestant on ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]'' in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-nobody-is-big-or-small-in-bigg-boss-tv/20121015.htm|title=Nobody is big or small in Bigg Boss. Everybody is equal|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402100822/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-nobody-is-big-or-small-in-bigg-boss-tv/20121015.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nirahua was a member of parliament from [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from 2022 till 2024. Coming from a family of traditional [[Biraha]] singers of [[Ghazipur]], he began his career as a folk singer with the album ''Nirahua Satal Rahe'' (2003), which became a major hit and earned him the stage name &quot;Nirahua&quot;. He made his film debut in the Bhojpuri drama ''Humka Aisa Waisa Na Samjha'' (2006) and gained wider fame with ''Chalat Mushafir Moh Liyo Re'' (2006), ''Nirahua Rikshaw Wala'' (2008) and ''[[Pratigya (2008 film)|Pratigya]]'' (2008).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=भोजपुरी जुबली स्टार दिनेश लाल यादव निरहुआ की स्टोरी किसी फ़िल्म से कम नहीं|url=https://www.ichowk.in/cinema/bhojpuri-film-actor-singer-producer-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-biography-nirahua-films-nirahua-songs-bhojpuri-star-nirahua-life-and-family/story/1/18275.html|access-date=2021-11-19|website=www.ichowk.in|language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, he appeared with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Jaya Bachchan]] in ''Ganga Devi'' and also participated in ''Bigg Boss 6'' that year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-22|title=Bhojpuri movies that made the headline|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/bhojpuri-movies-that-made-the-headline/photostory/87099253.cms|access-date=2021-11-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His fiftieth film, ''[[Nirahua Hindustani]]'' (2014), was a commercial success that reached multiplex audiences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nirahua Hindustani reaches multiplex – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-hindustani-reaches-multiplex/articleshow/43990516.cms|access-date=2021-11-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later starred in patriotic films such as ''[[Patna Se Pakistan]]'' (2015) and ''[[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]]'' (2018), two of the highest-grossing Bhojpuri films. His ''Nirahua Chalal London'' (2019) was shot in London, and in 2019 he made his [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] debut in the Bhojpuri web series ''[[Hero Vardiwala]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ALTBalaji all set to foray into Bhojpuri originals space with 'Hero Vardiwala'|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/altbalaji-to-foray-into-bhojpuri-originals-space-with-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-hero-vardiwala-32127|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Mumbai Live|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Nirahua was born to Kumar Yadav and Chandrajyoti Yadav. He has a brother, Pravesh Lal Yadav, and a sister, Lalita Yadav.<br /> <br /> He spent most of his childhood days in &quot;Belghoria&quot; at 4 no. railway gate (Agarpara) area of [[Kolkata]] where his father worked in a factory. He completed his education in the same suburbs of [[Kolkata]].<br /> <br /> He comes from a family of famous [[Biraha]] folk singers hailing from [[Ghazipur]]. Famous Biraha singer Vijay Lal Yadav known as &quot;Biraha Samrat&quot; and writer and lyricist Pyare Lal Yadav (Kaviji) who has penned many songs in [[Bhojpuri cinema]], are his first cousins.<br /> <br /> == Acting career ==<br /> <br /> === Early hits and establishment (2006–2011) ===<br /> He started his acting career with the Bhojpuri film ''[[Humka Aisa Waisa Na Samjha]]'' (Don't think that I'm riff-raff) in 2006 in which he played the role of a boy who fights to make [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] a recognised language in the state. But his first released movie was ''Chalat Musafir Moh Liyo Re'' (The traveller has been ensnared) in which he played the supporting role of a police inspector with [[Kalpana Patowary]] and Sunil Chhaila Bihari. His third film was ''Ho Gail Ba Pyar Odhaniya Waali Se'' (I have fallen in love with a girl wearing stole, 2007). After this film, he received many offers. His next film ''Nirahua Rikshawala'' (2007) became a super hit. After the success of his another film titled ''Kahan Jaiba Raja Najariya Ladaike'' (2007), he was an established actor in the industry and had got the title &quot;Jublee Star&quot;. His another hit movie in 2008 was ''Lagal Raha Ae Rajaji''. His natural acting style, slim body unlike other Bhojpuri actor those days, and action moves due to his Karate training in his childhood, made him so popular among the audience that even his flop films used to run over three weeks. He also did stage shows in Fiji, Australia and New Zealand in 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Avijit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&amp;dq=nirahua+rickshawala&amp;pg=PT126|title=CINEMA BHOJPURI|date=2010-05-22|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-256-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He continued giving hits likes [[Pratigya (2008 film)|''Pratigya'']] (2008), ''Pariwaar'' (2008), ''Nirahua No. 1'' (2009), [[Saat Saheliyan]] (2010), ''Nirahua Chalal Sasural'' (2011). In a review of his film ''Aulaad'' (2011), ''[[Times of India]]'' wrote that &quot;Dinesh Lal Yadav has live up his role&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Aulaad Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Aulaad by Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movie-reviews/aulaad/movie-review/14689481.cms|access-date=2021-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === TV debut and high budget films (2012–2018) ===<br /> In 2012, he appeared in the ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' as a contestant. His film ''Ganga Jamuna Saraswati'' (2012) earned 12.5&amp;nbsp;million in just three weeks which highest by any Bhojpuri movie in those times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ganga Jamuna Saraswati makes a record – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/ganga-jamuna-saraswati-makes-a-record/articleshow/19555606.cms|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He acted with [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jaya Bachchan]] and [[Gulshan Grover]] in the Bhojpuri film ''Ganga Devi'' (2012).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Big B, Jaya in Ganga Devi|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/big-b-jaya-in-ganga-devi/articleshow/15530537.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-09-01|title=Big B conscious of Jaya's presence on sets of 'Ganga Devi'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/big-b-conscious-of-jayas-presence-on-sets-of-ganga-devi/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His fiftieth project ''[[Nirahua Hindustani]]'' (2014) reached multiplexes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nirahua Hindustani reaches multiplex – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-hindustani-reaches-multiplex/articleshow/43990516.cms|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another of his hit movies was [[Patna Se Pakistan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nirahua back with 'Patna Se Pakistan' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-back-with-patna-se-pakistan/articleshow/46356370.cms|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, he received Uttar Pradesh's highest civilian award &quot;Yash Bharti Samman Award&quot; by the Uttar Pradesh Government for this contribution in Bhojpuri films.<br /> <br /> ''[[Bam Bam Bol Raha Hai Kashi]]'' (2016) was produced by [[Priyanka Chopra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Chopra's first Bhojpuri movie getting ready for release – Times of India ►|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/priyanka-chopras-first-bhojpuri-movie-getting-ready-for-release/articleshow/51937562.cms|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nirahua Hindustani 2]] won eleven awards at [[Sabrang Film Awards]]. His ''Kashi Amarnath'' (2018) was another movie that was produced by [[Priyanka Chopra]]. Grossing 190&amp;nbsp;million, his patriotic film [[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]] (2018) is one of the highest earning Bhojpuri films ever.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hindi News: Latest News in Hindi, हिन्दी न्यूज़, Breaking News, लेटेस्ट हिंदी न्यूज़, Hindi Khabar, हिंदी खबरें, ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ {{!}} Navbharat Times|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === OTT debut and other films (2019–present) ===<br /> In made his OTT debut in 2019 with ''[[Hero Vardiwala]]'', which was the first webseries ever made in Bhojpuri language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-16|title=Dinesh Lal Yadav and Amrapali Dubey in first ever Bhojpuri web-series – All you need to know|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/dinesh-lal-yadav-and-amrapali-dubey-in-first-ever-bhojpuri-web-series-all-you-need-to-know-2108608.html|access-date=2021-11-30|website=Zee News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He released his first short film ''Kukkur'' in 2021 which was based on the plight of elderly people in old-age homes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; On 10 December 2021, his film ''Hum Hain Dulha Hindustani'' released, which was a [[Romantic comedy]] film starring [[Amrapali Dubey]] and [[Madhu Sharma]]. This was Nirahua's second film that was shot in London after [[Nirahua Chalal London]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=दिनेश लाल यादव 'निरहुआ' की 'हम हैं दूल्हा हिंदुस्तानी' का टीजर आउट, आम्रपाली दूबे संग कर रहे रोमांस|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-bhojpuri-actor-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirhua-and-amrapali-dubey-film-hum-hain-dulha-hindustani-teaser-out-22281601.html|access-date=2021-12-14|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 January 2022, he released his next short film ''Dahar''. He played the role of a [[Launda Naach|Launda]] in his next film &quot;Naach Baiju Naach&quot; which was released in September.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri Film: भिखारी ठाकुर के 'लौंडा नाच' पर बना निरहुआ का फिल्म 'नाच बैजू नाच' कल होगी रिलीज, देखें |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/bhojpuri-film-nirhua-film-nach-baiju-naach-based-on-bhikhari-thakur-launda-naach-released-skm |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> Nirahua joined politics by becoming a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Lucknow]] on 27 March 2019 in presence of Uttar Pradesh chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhojpuri-actor-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirhua-joins-bjp-2013612?&amp;tb_cb=1|title=Bhojpuri Actor Dinesh Lal Yadav Joins BJP|date=27 March 2019|publisher=NDTV|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327135209/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhojpuri-actor-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirhua-joins-bjp-2013612?&amp;tb_cb=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://abpnews.abplive.in/bollywood/lok-sabha-election-2019bhojpuri-stars-ravi-kishan-and-dinesh-lal-yadav-joins-bjp-1096095|title=लोकसभा चुनाव 2019: चुनावी अखाड़े में कूदे निरहुआ और रवि किशन, चुनावों में चढ़ेगा भोजपुरी रंग|date=27 March 2019|work=[[ABP News]]|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131857/https://abpnews.abplive.in/bollywood/lok-sabha-election-2019bhojpuri-stars-ravi-kishan-and-dinesh-lal-yadav-joins-bjp-1096095|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 3 April 2019 he was declared a candidate to contest the 2019 Indian Lok Sabha election from [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh constituency]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He unsuccessfully faced [[Akhilesh Yadav]], [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|the former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/politics/national-bjp-releases-16th-list-of-6-candidates-dinesh-lal-yadav-to-contest-from-azamgarh-against-akhilesh-yadav-19098939.html|title=भाजपा ने जारी की उम्‍मीदवारों की 16वीं लिस्‍ट, अखिलेश के खिलाफ ताल ठोकेंगे दिनेश लाल यादव उर्फ निरहुआ|date=3 April 2019|work=Jagran|access-date=7 April 2019|language=Hindi|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406091828/https://m.jagran.com/politics/national-bjp-releases-16th-list-of-6-candidates-dinesh-lal-yadav-to-contest-from-azamgarh-against-akhilesh-yadav-19098939.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He lost against Akhilesh Yadav by a margin of 259,874 votes.<br /> <br /> In 2022 bypolls from [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh constituency]], he defeated [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Dharmendra Yadav]] by a margin of 8,700 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri superstar to politician: Know about Dinesh Lal Yadav 'Nirhua' who defeated SP's Dharmendra Yadav in bypolls |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bhojpuri-superstar-to-politician-know-about-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirhua-who-defeated-sp-dharmendra-yadav-in-bypoll-2963831 |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> He married Mansha Yadav in the year 2000. The couple has two sons, Aditya Yadav, Amit Yadav and one daughter, Aditi Yadav.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-daughter-aditi-yadav-boxing-video-gone-viral-raya-3766425.html|title=बॉक्सर है Dinesh lal yadav Nirahua की बेटी! नहीं हो रहा यकीन तो देख लें उसका viral video}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bhojpuri/story/amrapali-dubey-shower-her-love-on-nirahua-s-son-aditya-yadav-birthday-bhojpuri-star-tmovb-1582472-2022-11-24#:~:text=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5,%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88.|title=निरहुआ के बेटे को आम्रपाली ने दी बर्थडे की बधाई, फिर होने लगी अफेयर की चर्चा}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema-bhojpuri-star-dinesh-lala-yadav-aka-nirahua-wife-mansha-devi-and-their-children-actor-affair-rumours-with-amrapali-dubey-2554119|title=Bhojpuri: हमेशा आम्रपाली संग दिखने वाले Nirahua की असली बीवी को जानते हैं आप? तीन बच्चों के बाप हैं ये भोजपुरी एक्टर}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Yadav is also rumoured to be simultaneously married to co-actor [[Amrapali Dubey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=निरहुआ के साथ ही फिल्में क्यों करती हैं आम्रपाली, खुद बताई थी वजह |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/nirahua-amrapali-dubey-rumoured-affair-this-is-why-bhojpuri-actress-did-movies-only-with-bjp-mp-dinesh-lal-yadav/2249264/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Controversy ===<br /> In 2025, he criticized fellow Bhojpuri actor [[Khesari Lal Yadav]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=तक |first=यूपी |last2=UPTAK |date=2025-11-04 |title=नचनिया वाली बात सुन निरहुआ ने खेसारी यादव को कहा यदुमुल्ला, फिर पवन सिंह बोले- तो क्या गलती है इसमें |url=https://www.uptak.in/bhojpuri-cinema/story/hearing-about-the-dancer-nirahua-called-khesari-yadav-yadumulla-then-pawan-singh-said-so-what-is-wrong-in-this-3212400-2025-11-04 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=UP Tak |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; over remarks regarding the [[Ram Mandir]], referring to him as &quot;'''Yadumulla'''&quot;, which sparked controversy over caste and communal remarks.&lt;ref name=&quot;ET2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2025 |title=He's not Yadav, he's Yadumulla: Nirahua slams Khesari Lal over Ram Mandir remark in Bihar poll heat |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/hes-not-yadav-hes-yadumullah-nirahua-slams-khesari-lal-over-ram-mandir-remark-in-bihar-poll-heat/videoshow/125083648.cms |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; He further claimed, as reported by ''[[The Economic Times]]'', &quot;true Yadavs proudly stand with [[Lord Ram]] and the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]'s development agenda&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ET2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Co-star<br /> ! References<br /> |-<br /> |2006|| ''[[Humka Aisa Waisa Na Samjha]]''|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |2006|| ''Chalat Musafir Moh Liyo Re'' || Nirahua|| [[Kalpana Patowary]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2007|| ''Ho Gail Ba Pyar Odhaniya Wali se'' || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |2007|| ''Bidesiya'' || Sanehi|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Nirahuwa Rikshaw Wala'' || Nirahua || [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008||''[[Pratigya (2008 film)|Pratigya]]''|| Suraj || [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Pariwar'' ||Kishan || [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Ho Gaini Deewana Tohra Pyar Me'' || || [[Antara Biswas|Monalisa]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Lagal Raha Ae Rajaji'' || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Vidhata'' || Kishan || [[Ravi Kishan]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Chalani Ke Chalal Dulha'' || Special appearance || Pravesh Lal Yadav||<br /> |-<br /> |2008|| ''Kahan Jaiba Raja Nazariya Ladaike'' || Raja || [[Antara Biswas|Monalisa]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2008||Rang De Basanti Chola|| ||[[Pakkhi Hegde]], Anand Mohan||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Avijit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&amp;q=Rang+de+basanti+chola+&amp;pg=PT161 |title=CINEMA BHOJPURI |date=2010-05-22 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-256-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2009 || ''[[Khiladi No. 1]]'' || || [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2009|| ''Rangeela Babu'' || || [[Awdhesh Mishra]], Manoj Tiger||<br /> |-<br /> |2009|| ''Nirahua No. 1'' || Nirahua || [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2010|| ''Shiva'' || Shiva|| [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2010|| ''[[Saat Saheliyan]]'' || Nirahua|| [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2010|| ''Aaj Ke Karan Arjun'' || || [[Pakkhi Hegde]], Pravesh Lal Yadav||<br /> |-<br /> |2010|| ''Dil'' || Chitrus || [[Pakkhi Hegde]], Pravesh Lal Yadav||<br /> |-<br /> |2011|| ''Dushmani'' || || [[Biraj Bhatta|Viraj Bhatt]], [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2011 || ''Aulaad'' || Radhe || [[Subhi Sharma]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2011|| ''Nirahua Chalal Sasural'' || Nirahua|| [[Pakkhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2011|| ''Nirahua Mail'' || Nirahua|| [[Pakkhi Hegde]], [[Awdhesh Mishra]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2012|| ''Ganga Jamuna Saraswati'' || Saraswati || [[Rani Chatterjee]], [[Pakkhi Hegde]], [[Rinku Ghosh]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2012|| ''Ganga Devi'' || || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Pakhi Hegde]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2013|| ''[[Rakhwala (2013 film)|Rakhwala]]'' ||Satyaprakash/Sarfaraj|| [[Rinku Ghosh]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2013|| ''Ek Duje Ke Liye'' || Raj/Raju || [[Madhu Sharma]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2014|| ''Nirahua Banal Don'' || Nirahua|| Vijay Lal Yadav||<br /> |-<br /> |2014|| ''[[Nirahua Hindustani]]'' || Nirahua|| [[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2014|| ''[[Hathkadi (2014 film)|Hathkadi]]''|| |Jailer Shakti Singh||[[Khesari Lal Yadav]], [[Anjana Singh]]|| Dubbed in Hindi as ''Nirahua Most Wanted''<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''[[Patna Se Pakistan]]'' || Kabir|| [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Kajal Raghwani]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''Nirahua Rickshawala 2''||Aaditya/Nirahua|| [[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''Raja Babu'' ||Vicky/Raja Babu|| [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Antara Biswas|Monalisa]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''Biwi No.1'' ||Anand || [[Antara Biswas|Monalisa]], Apurva Bit||<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''Jigarwala'' ||Rahul || [[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2015|| ''[[Ghulami (2015 film)|Ghulami]]''||Abhimanyu|| [[Madhu Sharma]], [[Shubhi Sharma]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''Aashik Aawara'' || Raja/Deepak || [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Kajal Raghwani]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''[[Bam Bam Bol Raha Hai Kashi]]'' ||Kashi||[[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''Nirahua Chalal Sasural 2'' ||Nirahua||[[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''Aakhiri Rasta'' || || [[Rinku Ghosh]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''Ram Lakhan'' ||Ram Yadav || [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Shubhi Sharma]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2016|| ''Mokama 0 K.M.'' || || [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Anjana Singh]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2017|| ''Nirahu Satal Rahe'' ||Nirahua || [[Amrapali Dubey]]||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsstate.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-aamrapali-dubey-romantic-bhojpuri-song-from-bhojpuri-movie-nirahua-satal-rahe-watch-here-95961.html|title='निरहुआ सटल रहे' के इस गाने में निरहुआ और आम्रपाली दुबे की दिखी जबरदस्त केमिस्ट्री|date=10 July 2019|work=News State|access-date=8 August 2019|language=Hindi|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808053227/https://www.newsstate.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-aamrapali-dubey-romantic-bhojpuri-song-from-bhojpuri-movie-nirahua-satal-rahe-watch-here-95961.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2017|| ''Jigar''||Deva ||[[Anjana Singh]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2017|| ''Sipahi''|| ||[[Amrapali Dubey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2017|| ''[[Nirahua Hindustani 2]]'' ||Nirahu Yadav || [[Amrapali Dubey]]||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://hindi.timesnownews.com/bollywood/bollywood/article/bhojpuri-film-nirahua-hindustani-2-rocks-on-youtube-dinesh-lal-yadav-aamrapali-dubey-sanchita-banerjee-watch-video/436736|title=यूट्यूब पर सर्वाध‍िक देखी जाने वाली भोजपुरी फ‍िल्‍म बनी निरहुआ हिंदुस्तानी |date=14 June 2019|work=Times Now|access-date=8 August 2019|language=Hindi|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808053607/https://hindi.timesnownews.com/bollywood/bollywood/article/bhojpuri-film-nirahua-hindustani-2-rocks-on-youtube-dinesh-lal-yadav-aamrapali-dubey-sanchita-banerjee-watch-video/436736|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2017|| ''Kashi Amarnath'' ||Kashi || [[Amrapali Dubey]]||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-priyanka-chopra-bhojpuri-movie-kashi-amarnath-nirahua-jharkhand-1859723|title=रवि किशन और प्रियंका चोपड़ा की जोड़ी ने मचाया धमाल, 'काशी अमरनाथ' ने कर दिखाया ये कमाल|first=Narendra|last=Saini|date=30 May 2018|work=NDTV Khabar|access-date=8 August 2019|language=Hindi|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808070542/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-priyanka-chopra-bhojpuri-movie-kashi-amarnath-nirahua-jharkhand-1859723|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2018|| ''Saugandh'' || Raju|| Mani Bhattacharya||<br /> |-<br /> |2018|| ''[[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]]'' || Abhay Shashtri|| [[Amrapali Dubey]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2018|| ''[[Nirahua Hindustani 3]]'' || Nirahua || [[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Shubhi Sharma]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2018|| ''[[Nirahua Chalal London]]'' || Nirahua || [[Amrapali Dubey]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2019|| ''[[Sher-E-Hindustan (2019 film)|Sher-E-Hindustan]]'' || Arjun || [[Neeta Dhungana]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2019|| ''Saiyan Ji Dagabaaz'' || || [[Anjana Singh]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/dinesh-lal-yadav-aka-nirahua-anjana-singh-starrer-saiyaan-ji-dagabaaz-trailer-unveiled-watch-2180642.html|title=Dinesh Lal Yadav aka Nirahua, Anjana Singh starrer 'Saiyaan Ji Dagabaaz' trailer unveiled|date=15 February 2019|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808034431/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/dinesh-lal-yadav-aka-nirahua-anjana-singh-starrer-saiyaan-ji-dagabaaz-trailer-unveiled-watch-2180642.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2019|| ''Jai Veeru''||Jai || [[Amrapali Dubey]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-and-aamrapali-dubey-starrer-jai-veerus-trailer-released/articleshow/69339682.cms|title=Nirahua and Aamrapali Dubey starrer 'Jai Veeru's' trailer release|date=15 May 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011134345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-and-aamrapali-dubey-starrer-jai-veerus-trailer-released/articleshow/69339682.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2019|| ''[[Lallu Ki Laila]]'' ||Lallu ||[[Amrapali Dubey]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/dinesh-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubeys-lallu-ki-laila-first-look-out-pic-2208792.html|title=Dinesh Lal Yadav and Aamrapali Dubey's 'Lallu Ki Laila' first look out|date=3 June 2019|work=Zee News|access-date=1 August 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014621/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/dinesh-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubeys-lallu-ki-laila-first-look-out-pic-2208792.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2020|| ''Muqaddar Ka Sikandar'' || ||[[Amrapali Dubey]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/muqaddar-ka-sikandar-trailer-nirahua-and-aamrapali-dubey-promise-a-thrilling-experience/articleshow/73321356.cms|title='Muqaddar Ka Sikandar' trailer: Nirahua and Aamrapali Dubey promise a thrilling experience|date=17 January 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626051727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/muqaddar-ka-sikandar-trailer-nirahua-and-aamrapali-dubey-promise-a-thrilling-experience/articleshow/73321356.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2020|| ''Romeo Raza'' || ||[[Amrapali Dubey]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2022|| ''Hum Hain Dulha Hindustani'' || ||[[Amrapali Dubey]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |2022|| ''Aaye Hum Baarati Baarat Leke'' || ||Jaswinder Kaur ||<br /> |-<br /> |2022||''[[Naach Baiju Naach]]''|| Baiju ||Khushboo Sharma ||&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2022||''Gabbroo''||Vihaan||[[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Sanjay Pandey]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2022||''Sabka Baap Angutha Chhap''|||||Shruti Rao, [[Sanjay Pandey]], [[Manoj Tiger]]||<br /> |-<br /> |2022||''Raja Doli Leke Aaja''||Raja||[[Amrapali Dubey]], Shruti Rao||<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |[[Maai: Pride of Bhojpuri]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-15 |title=निरहुआ- आम्रपाली फिर होंगे साथ, रिलीज हुआ 'माई- प्राइड ऑफ भोजपुरी' का ट्रेलर,यहां फ्री में देख सकते फिल्म |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-dinesh-lal-yadav-amrapali-dubey-new-movie-my-pride-of-bhojpuri-trailer-out-watch-video-6203453.html |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2025<br /> |[[Mere Husband Ki Shadi Hai]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]], [[Kajal Raghwani]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=दिनेश लाल यादव निरहुआ संग बारात लेकर निकलीं आम्रपाली, सामने आई तस्वीरें |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-amrapali-dubey-and-dinesh-lal-niarhua-looking-so-nice-in-wedding-outfits-pics-came-from-mere-husband-ki-shadi-set-7795769.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Hamar Naam Вa Kanhaiya''<br /> |<br /> |[[Sanjay Pandey]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-06 |title=Bhojpuri: निरहुआ के नई फिल्म के सामने हिली प्रदीप पांडे चिंटू की 'ओम', रिलीज के एक दिन पहले लिया ये फैसला |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-pradeep-pandey-chintu-changed-date-of-his-film-in-front-of-nirahua-movie |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Jugal Master]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Raksha Gupta]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jugal Master |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTAzMDMyMDI1MDAwMTI= |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=cbfcindia.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Balma Bada Nadan 2<br /> |<br /> |[[Richa Dixit]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-02 |title=Bhojpuri Film: दिनेश लाल यादव उर्फ निरहुआ की नई फिल्म 'गोवर्धन' का पोस्टर रिलीज, मेघा श्री के साथ गांव की दिल छू लेने वाली कहानी को करेंगे पेश |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-film-govardhan-poster-releases-of-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-and-megha-shree |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Govardhan<br /> |<br /> |[[Meghasri]], Kiran Yadav<br /> |To be released<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Nirahua The Leader'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Aayi Milan Ki Raat'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Nirahua Chalal Sasural 3'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]]<br /> | Filming<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Fasal'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Nirahua Hindustani 4'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Amrapali Dubey]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2024<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; | ''Hey Ramji'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Richa Dixit]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |[[Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi]]<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |[[Anant V Joshi]], [[Paresh Rawal]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi brings Yogi Adityanath's life to the screen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/film-on-yogi-adityanath-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-2699361-2025-03-26 |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2026 <br /> | ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain! Fun on the Run]]''<br /> | Bacho Bhaiya <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Short films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title{{efn|Films are listed in the order of their release date.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Language<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Bharat''<br /> |<br /> |[[Bhojpuri language|Hindi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Kukkur''<br /> |<br /> |[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=बुजुर्गों का दर्द बयां कर रहा 5 मिनट का 'कुक्कुर|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/balia/story-5-minute-39-kukkur-39-is-telling-the-pain-of-the-elderly-5153757.html|access-date=2021-11-26|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''Dahar''<br /> |<br /> |Bhojpuri<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; width=60%<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;| Title<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;| Role<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;| Language<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;| Platform<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> | ''[[Hero Vardiwala]]''<br /> | Tejaswi Pratap Singh<br /> |[[Bhojpuri Language|Bhojpuri]]<br /> | [[ALTBalaji]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> | ''[[Scam 2003]]''<br /> | Pramod Jaisingh<br /> |[[Hindi]]<br /> | [[SonyLIV]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Name !! Role !! Channel !! Notes !! Ref<br /> |-<br /> |2012 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]'' || Contestant || [[Colors TV]] || Entered Day 1, Evicted Day 8; Re-entered Day 42, Re-evicted Day 66.<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Ceremony<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Reference<br /> |-<br /> || [[International Bhojpuri Film Awards]]<br /> | Best Actor<br /> | 2018<br /> | ''Nirahua Hindustani 2''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/international-bhojpuri-film-awards-2018-check-out-the-list-of-winners-2126960.html|title= International Bhojpuri Film Awards 2018: Check out the list of winners|work= Zee News|date= 23 July 2018|access-date= 25 July 2018|archive-date= 25 July 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153255/http://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/international-bhojpuri-film-awards-2018-check-out-the-list-of-winners-2126960.html|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> || International Bhojpuri Film Awards<br /> | Jublee Star Award<br /> | 2017<br /> |<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Bhojpuri Video: Amrapali और Nirahua ने मचाया कोहराम, वीडियो में दिखाया रोमांस का जादू |url=https://globalwebtrend.com/trending/bhojpuri-video-amrapali-and-nirahua-created-chaos-showed/cid12956162.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215144331/https://globalwebtrend.com/trending/bhojpuri-video-amrapali-and-nirahua-created-chaos-showed/cid12956162.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Www.Globalwebtrend.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | International Bhojpuri Film Awards<br /> | Best Actor<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''[[Patna Se Pakistan]]''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;International Bhojpuri Film Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhojpurixp.com/ibfa-awards-winners-list-2016/ |title=winners list |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=14 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514092233/http://www.bhojpurixp.com/ibfa-awards-winners-list-2016/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of Yadavs]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-par|in-lwr}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Akhilesh Yadav]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament&lt;br/&gt;for [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]] |years=2022–present}}<br /> {{s-inc}}<br /> {{s-break}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|5815769}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Dinesh Lal}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Bhojpuri cinema]]<br /> [[Category:1979 births]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ghazipur]]<br /> [[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Bhojpuri-language playback singers]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shwettaa_Singh&diff=535533 2026-03-11T06:08:35Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Bokaro Assembly constituency|Bokaro]]<br /> | term_start = 23 November 2024<br /> | term_end = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | predecessor = [[Biranchi Narayan]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | image = Shwettaa Singh.jpg<br /> | image_size = 200<br /> }}<br /> '''Shwettaa Singh''' is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. She is a [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Bokaro Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Bokaro, Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: INC's Shwettaa Singh with 133438 defeats BJP's Biranchi Narayan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/bokaro-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-jaelb-2638453-2024-11-23 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bokaro Election Result 2024 LIVE: Shwettaa Singh of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bokaro-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130274.html |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand]]<br /> * [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Shwettaa}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Jharkhand-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ummadi_Kutumbam&diff=459211 2026-03-11T02:18:24Z

<p>Aranyam: fixed issues</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ummadi Kutumbam<br /> | image = Ummadi Kutumbam.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | writer = [[Samudrala Jr.|Samudrala Jr]] {{small|(dialogues)}}<br /> | story = N. T. Rama Rao<br /> | screenplay = N. T. Rama Rao<br /> | producer = [[N. Trivikrama Rao]]<br /> | director = [[D. Yoganand]]<br /> | starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]]<br /> | music = [[T. V. Raju]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Ravikant Nagaich]]<br /> | editing = G. D. Joshi<br /> | studio = NAT &amp; [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1967|4|20}}<br /> | runtime = 160 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ummadi Kutumbam''''' ({{translation|Joint Family}}) is a 1967 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film, produced by [[N. Trivikrama Rao]] under the NAT &amp; [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]] banner and directed by [[D. Yoganand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2018-10-26 |title=Movie: Vummadi Kutumbam (1967) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-past-vummadi-kutumbam-1967/article25334371.ece |access-date=2021-08-05 |archive-date=5 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805113331/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-past-vummadi-kutumbam-1967/article25334371.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], with music composed by [[T. V. Raju]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Yashodhara|date=26 April 1967|title=ఉమ్మడి కుటుంబం|trans-title=Ummadi Kutumbam|work=[[Visalaandhra]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYX/0,0,2550,1650|access-date=17 September 2020|language=te|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130752/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYX/0,0,2550,1650|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Thurlapati|date=28 April 1967|title=ఉమ్మడి కుటుంబం|trans-title=Ummadi Kutumbam|work=[[Andhra Prabha]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYW/0,80,2550,1730|access-date=17 September 2020|language=te|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001204359/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYW/0,80,2550,1730|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film begins in a village where a conjoined family, with an old mother and four sons: a clerk, Chandram, a farmer, and Mukundam, is molded into a doctor by the hard of all. Ramu is a gallant, naughty younger who spends his life with stage plays but provides regard to his family. The first three siblings performed nuptial Nagaiah's wife, Gauri, is bratty, Chandram's wife, Kantham, is a shrew, whereas Mukundam's wife, Rama, is benevolent. Ramu pays the utmost respect to Rama and dotes on Nagaiah's son Kittu, who also reciprocates. Soon, Mukundam detests Rama due to her traditional customs and quits. In the city, Mohini, a dancer, snares him who neglects the family. <br /> <br /> At home, a falling-out arises between the daughters-in-law that causes a rupture. Chandram moves to his in-laws' house, and Gauri splits the house into two. Plus, Rama is subjected to indignities when Ramu proceeds to retrieve Mukundam. On the way, he aids a girl, Sarada, the Zamindar's daughter, who shelters him, and the same night, he protects them from thieves. Following, Ramu reaches Mukundam and becomes dejected when Sarada contacts Mohini, and she offends her. Now, Sarada seeks vengeance and carves Ramu as civilized when she crushes him.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Chandram is slighted in his in-law's house and exits, turning insane. Whereat, Kantham's younger, reforms and sends her back. Plus, Kittu is ailing because of Ramu's melancholy. The village doctor, Pasupathi, tries to molest Rama when she attempts suicide, but her mother-in-law saves her, and they, too, go on for Mukundam. Besides, in various disguises, Ramu snares Mohini and rectifies his brother, who returns. Ramu views his mother &amp; sister-in-law, and everyone starts to the village. Amid, Chandram also accompanies them. At that point, Ramu spots Kittu on his deathbed, who shields him with his idolization. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Ramu &amp; Sarada.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Ramu<br /> * [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Rama<br /> * [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] as Sarada <br /> * [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Nagaiah<br /> * [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] as Zamindar Bhavani Prasad<br /> * [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Chandram<br /> * [[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as Dr. Mukunda Rao <br /> * [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Pasupathi<br /> * [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Tippayya<br /> * [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Subbaiah<br /> * [[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]<br /> * Nagaraju <br /> * [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantam]] as Gowri<br /> * [[S. Varalakshmi]] as Kantham <br /> * [[Vanisri]] as Venki<br /> * [[Hemalatha (Telugu actress)|Hemalatha]]<br /> * [[Chaya Devi]] <br /> * [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] as Mohini<br /> * [[Potti Prasad]]<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Ummadi Kutumbam<br /> | type = film<br /> | artist = [[T. V. Raju]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 1967<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = Soundtrack<br /> | length = 25:31<br /> | label =<br /> | producer = [[T. V. Raju]]<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music composed by [[T. V. Raju]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ummadi Kutumbam (1967)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=5 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405060204/http://indiancine.ma/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !S. No.!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |&quot;Tassadiyya Tassadiyya&quot;<br /> |[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]<br /> |[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> |2:12<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |&quot;Bhale Mojuga Tayaraina&quot;<br /> |[[C. Narayana Reddy]]<br /> |Ghantasala, [[P. Susheela]]<br /> |3:21 <br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |&quot;Cheppalani Undi&quot;<br /> |C. Narayana Reddy <br /> |Ghantasala, P. Susheela<br /> |3:11<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |&quot;Hello Hello My Dear&quot;<br /> |C. Narayana Reddy <br /> |Ghantasala, [[L. R. Eswari]]<br /> |3:38<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |&quot;Chethiki Chikave Pitta&quot;<br /> |C. Narayana Reddy <br /> |Ghantasala <br /> |3:48<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |&quot;Jigi Jigi Jigelumannadi&quot;<br /> |C. Narayana Reddy <br /> |L. R. Eswari <br /> |3:18<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |&quot;Sadivinodikanna Oranna&quot;<br /> |Kosaraju <br /> |Madhavapeddi Satyam, L. R. Eswari<br /> |2:58<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |&quot;Kutumbam Ummadi Kutumbam&quot; <br /> |C. Narayana Reddy <br /> |Ghantasala, P. Leela <br /> |3:05<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> The film was selected by the [[Film Federation of India]] as one of its entries to the 1968 [[Moscow Film Festival]].&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Box office==<br /> * The film celebrated a [[Silver Jubilee]] and ran for 197 days at Durga Kala Mandir, [[Vijayawada]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cinegoer.com/ntr175.htm CineGoer.com - Box-Office Records And Collections - Silver Jubilee Films Of NTR&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616014403/http://www.cinegoer.com/ntr175.htm |date=16 June 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|tt0264126}}<br /> {{D. Yoganand}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1967 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1967 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1967 comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1967 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by D. Yoganand]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by T. V. Raju]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala_Police&diff=460285 2026-03-10T14:07:22Z

<p>Aranyam: updated details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Law enforcement agency for Kerala, India}}<br /> {{Infobox law enforcement agency<br /> | agencyname = Kerala State Police<br /> | image_size = 130<br /> | commonname = <br /> | abbreviation = KP<br /> | patch = <br /> | patchcaption = <br /> | logo = Kerala State Police Logo.png<br /> | logocaption = Emblem<br /> | badge = <br /> | badgecaption = Patch<br /> | flag = Flag of Kerala Police.svg<br /> | flagcaption = Flag<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | motto = {{lang|ml|മൃദു ഭാവെ ദൃഢ കൃത്യേ}}<br /> &quot;Mridhu Bhave Dhrida Kruthye&quot;<br /> | mottotranslated = &quot;Soft in Temperament, Firm in Action&quot;<br /> | mission = <br /> | formedyear = {{start year and age|1956}}<br /> | formedmonthday = November 1<br /> | preceding1 = <br /> | dissolved = <br /> | superseding = <br /> | employees = <br /> | volunteers = <br /> | budget = {{INRConvert|6579.53|c}} &lt;small&gt;(2026–27 est.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=Kerala Budget Analysis FY 2026–27<br /> |url=https://www.cppr.in/reports-and-papers/kerala-budget-analysis-fy-2026-27<br /> |author=Sreelakshmi Harilal<br /> |date=13 February 2026<br /> |website=Centre for Public Policy Research<br /> |publisher=CPPR<br /> |access-date=10 March 2026<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=Kerala Budget Portal<br /> |url=https://budget.kerala.gov.in/portal/home<br /> |website=Finance Department, Government of Kerala<br /> |publisher=Government of Kerala<br /> |access-date=10 March 2026<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | countryabbr = IN<br /> | divtype = State<br /> | divname = [[Kerala]]<br /> | divdab = <br /> | map = IN-KL.svg<br /> | mapcaption = Jurisdiction of Kerala Police<br /> | sizearea = {{convert|15008.13|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|2}}<br /> | sizepopulation = 34,630,192<br /> | legaljuris = opsjuris<br /> | governingbody = [[Department of Home (Kerala)|Home Department]],<br /> [[Government of Kerala]]<br /> | governingbodyscnd = <br /> | constitution1 = [[s:Kerala Police Act, 2011|Kerala Police Act, 2011]]<br /> [[Police Act, 1861]]<br /> | police = Yes<br /> | local = Yes<br /> | speciality = <br /> | oversighttype = <br /> | oversightbody = <br /> | headquarters = [[Vazhuthacaud]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]] – 695010<br /> | hqlocmap = India Kerala Thiruvananthapuram district.svg<br /> | hqlocleft = <br /> | hqloctop = <br /> | hqlocmappoptitle = Map of Kerala Police Department's jurisdiction. The map on left shows Kerala in India and on right shows the State with Thiruvananthapuram district in red.<br /> | sworntype = <br /> | sworn = 62,618 (Sanctioned)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/News/DoPO-21f%20%20.pdf | title=Data on police organizations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305101031/https://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/News/DoPO-21f%20%20.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;br /&gt;57,819 (Actual)<br /> | unsworntype = <br /> | unsworn = <br /> | electeetype = Minister<br /> | minister1name = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]<br /> | minister1pfo = &lt;br /&gt;[[Chief Minister of Kerala]] with additional charge of the [[Home Department (Kerala)|Home Department]]<br /> | chief1name = [[Ravada A. Chandrasekhar]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> | chief1position = &lt;br /&gt;[[Director General of Police|State Police Chief]]<br /> | parentagency = <br /> | unittype = Unit<br /> | unitname = {{collapsible list|title=List of units<br /> | framestyle = border:none;padding:0;<br /> | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:transparent;<br /> | Law and Order Division<br /> | Crime Branch<br /> | State Special Branch<br /> | Training (Kerala Police Academy)<br /> | Armed Police Battalions<br /> | Kerala Coastal Police<br /> | State Crime Records Bureau<br /> | Protection of Civil Rights<br /> | Kerala Police Cyber Division<br /> | Traffic and Road Safety Management<br /> | Administration (HQ)}}<br /> | officetype = Specialized Units<br /> | officename = {{collapsible list|title=List<br /> | framestyle = border:none;padding:0;<br /> | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:transparent;<br /> | liststyle = list-style-type:disc;text-align:left;<br /> | [[Highway Police]]<br /> | Tourism Police<br /> | Traffic Enforcement Unit<br /> | Railway Police<br /> | Mounted Police<br /> | Coastal Police<br /> | Temple Police<br /> | Cyber Division <br /> | Forensic Division<br /> | Women Cell<br /> | Pink Patrol<br /> | Police Telecommunication<br /> | Police Motor Transport Wing<br /> | [[Police Dog|K9 Squad]]<br /> | High-Tech Crime Cell<br /> | [[Anti-Terrorism Squad]]<br /> | Special Operation Group<br /> | BDDS<br /> | DANSAF}}<br /> | provideragency = <br /> | uniformedas = <br /> | stationtype = Police Station<br /> | stations = 564 (as of 2021)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;<br /> {{Collapsible list<br /> | title = <br /> | list_style = text-align:left;<br /> | Local: 484<br /> | Women's: 14<br /> | Railways: 13<br /> | Coastal: 18<br /> | Cyber Crime: 19<br /> | Crime Branch: 1<br /> | ATS: 1<br /> }}<br /> | airbases = <br /> | lockuptype = <br /> | lockups = <br /> | vehicle1type = Police vehicle<br /> | vehicles1 = {{Collapsible list|[[Force Gurkha]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mahindra Bolero]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tata Sumo]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mahindra Bolero Neo|Mahindra TUV300]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Toyota Innova]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chevrolet Tavera]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mahindra Thar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Suzuki Swift|Swift]] [[Dzire]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Suzuki Jimny]]|}}<br /> | vehicle2type = <br /> | vehicles2 = <br /> | boat1type = <br /> | boats1 = <br /> | aircraft1type = <br /> | aircraft1 = <br /> | animal1type = [[Police dog|Dog]]<br /> | animals1 = 82 (&lt;small&gt;41 Sniffer Dogs&lt;/small&gt;)<br /> | animal2type = [[Mounted police|Horse]]<br /> | animals2 = 25<br /> | person1name = <br /> | person1reason = <br /> | person1type = <br /> | programme1 = {{collapsible list|title=List of key Projects<br /> | framestyle = border:none;padding:0;<br /> | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:transparent;<br /> | liststyle = list-style-type:disc;text-align:center;<br /> | [[Student Police Cadet Project]]<br /> | Janamaithri Suraksha Project<br /> | [[Kerala Police Cyberdome]]}}<br /> | activity1name = <br /> | activity2name = <br /> | activitytype = <br /> | anniversary1 = <br /> | award1 = <br /> | website = {{URL|https://keralapolice.gov.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | reference = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Kerala Police'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kerala police see a top deck shuffle |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/sep/08/kerala-police-see-a-top-deck-shuffle-2193848.html |access-date=24 September 2020 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404154742/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/sep/08/kerala-police-see-a-top-deck-shuffle-2193848.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Police roll out 'e-challan' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/traffic-management-set-for-an-upgrade-cm/article32669756.ece |access-date=24 September 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 September 2020 |language=en-IN |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923203812/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/traffic-management-set-for-an-upgrade-cm/article32669756.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; is the [[law enforcement agency]] for the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/oct/28/spl-squad-to-tackle-goonda-menace-1532563.html | title=Spl squad to tackle goonda menace | date=28 October 2016 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=2 August 2020 | archive-date=1 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201040749/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/oct/28/spl-squad-to-tackle-goonda-menace-1532563.html | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kerala Police has its headquarters in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the state capital. The motto of the force is &quot;Mridhu Bhave Dhrida Kruthye&quot; which means &quot;Soft in Temperament, Firm in Action&quot; in [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/aug/22/soft-skills-training-to-make-police-polite-and-firm-1511809.html | title=Soft skills training to make police 'polite and firm' | date=22 August 2016 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=22 August 2016 | archive-date=25 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625111924/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/aug/22/Soft-skills-training-to-make-police-polite-and-firm-1511809.html | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It operates under the administrative control of the [[Department of Home (Kerala)|Home Department]], [[Government of Kerala]]. The force is headed by the Director General of Police-cum-State Police Chief, and the incumbent chief is [[Ravada A. Chandrasekhar|Ravada A Chandrasekhar]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala gets a new police chief in Ravada A Chandrasekhar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ravada-a-chandrasekhar-takes-charge-as-keralas-state-police-chief-vows-crackdown-on-drug-abuse/article69758376.ece |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The New Indian Express|date=27 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kerala Police has a reputation for being one of the best-managed state police forces in the nation, and the state ranks among the top states for maintaining law and order. One of the first police forces in South Asia to put community policing into practise is Kerala Police, which was one of the first to do so through legislation. The term &quot;Janamaithri&quot; Policing, which means &quot;people-friendly Policing,&quot; is used to refer to it.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}<br /> <br /> According to the data from [[Bureau of Police Research and Development|Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD)]], there are a total of 564 police stations in Kerala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Data on Police Organizations:Bureau Of Police Research And Development, Government of India |url=https://bprd.nic.in/content/62_1_DataonPoliceOrganizations.aspx |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=bprd.nic.in |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160922/https://bprd.nic.in/content/62_1_DataonPoliceOrganizations.aspx |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Among them, 484 police stations deal with local law enforcement, while the remaining 80 are specialised for specific purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=15 cyber cells in Kerala to be converted into police stations |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2020/10/25/cyber-police-stations-kerala.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://womenpoliceindia.org/state/kerala |title=Women In Police - A Police Repository (BPRD) |access-date=2023-12-03 |archive-date=2018-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629231111/http://womenpoliceindia.org/state/kerala |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Out of these, 382 police stations are located in rural areas, while 102 police stations are located in urban areas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Data on Police Organisations 2021, BPRD |url=https://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/News/DoPO-21f%20%20.pdf |website=Bureau of Police Research and Development |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305101031/https://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/News/DoPO-21f%20%20.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The specialized police stations include 14 women's police stations, 13 railway police stations, 18 coastal police stations, 19 cybercrime police stations, 1 crime branch police station, and 1 ATS police station.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The rural police stations account for the majority of police stations in Kerala, constituting approximately 68% of the total. The urban police stations account for about 18% of the total, while the special purpose police stations account for about 14% of the total.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Prior to independence, the Kerala Police was governed by different administrations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/history_of_kerala_police.pdf |title=Institutional History of Kerala Police |publisher=Kerala Police |year=2017 |language=en |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628181255/https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/history_of_kerala_police.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kerala Police traces its roots to the erstwhile Travancore State Police, which was established in 1936. After the integration of the princely states of [[Travancore–Cochin|Travancore]] and [[Travancore–Cochin|Cochin]], the present-day Kerala Police was formed in 1956. The first Chief of Kerala Police was Shri. N.Chandrasekharan Nair IPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=N.Chandrasekharan Nair |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/historic-heritage-gallery/n-chandrasekharan-nair/788 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.keralaculture.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[N. Chandrasekharan Nair|N. Chandrasekharan Nair IPS]] became the first Inspector General of Police (IGP) of Kerala and is often recognized as the first police chief of the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Kerala Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/history-of-kerala-police |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1960, the Kerala Police was given more powers and duties by the enactment of the Kerala Police Act of 1960. This legislative framework provided the foundation for modern policing in Kerala. The first women's police station in India was established in [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]] in 1973 and was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Smt. [[Indira Gandhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-10-26 |title=Kerala: India's first all-woman police station celebrates 50 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/indias-first-all-woman-police-station-celebrates-50-years/articleshow/104708400.cms |access-date=2024-12-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1981, the position of the head of the Kerala Police department was elevated to [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] (DGP). T. Ananta Shankara Iyer IPS became the first DGP of [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Institutional History of Kerala Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/history_of_kerala_police.pdf |website=Official website of Kerala Police}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Current general/flag officers ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Sl.No<br /> ! Name !! Status !! Rank<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> | {{center|[[Ravada Azad Chandrasekhar]] [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}&lt;br /&gt;|| {{Center|'''State Police Chief'''}}|| {{center|[[Director general of police|DGP]]}}&lt;br /&gt;<br /> [[File:Director General of Police.png|75px|center]]<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> | {{center|[[P Vijayan]] [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}&lt;br /&gt;|| {{center|'''ADGP, Intelligence'''}}|| {{center|[[Additional director general of police|ADGP]]}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Director General of Police.png|75px|center]]<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> | {{center|H Venkatesh [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}&lt;br /&gt;|| {{center|'''ADGP, Law &amp; Order''' &lt;br /&gt;&amp; &lt;br /&gt; '''Crime Branch(Addl. Charge)'''}}|| {{center|[[Additional director general of police|ADGP]]}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Director General of Police.png|75px|center]]<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> | {{center|S Sreejith [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}&lt;br /&gt;|| {{center|'''ADGP, Head Quarters''' &lt;br /&gt; &amp; &lt;br /&gt; '''Cyber Operations(Addl. Charge)'''}}|| {{center|[[Additional director general of police|ADGP]]}}[[File:Director General of Police.png|center|141x141px]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |{{Center|Gugulloth Lakshman [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Training'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> | {{center|K Sethuraman [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}&lt;br /&gt;|| {{center|'''Director, KEPA'''}}|| {{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |{{Center|Rajpal Meena [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, North Zone'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |{{Center|S Syamsundar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Intelligence'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |{{Center|A Akbar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Coastal Security'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |{{Center|G. Sparjan Kumar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, South Zone'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |{{Center|P. Prakash [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, State Crime Records Bureau'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |{{Center|Kaliraj Mahesh Kumar S [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]}}<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP &amp; [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]], Kochi City'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |Putta Vimaladitya IPS<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Internal Security'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |R. Nishandhini IPS <br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Headquarters '''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |Ajeetha Begum IPS<br /> |{{Center|'''Economic Offences Wing, TVM'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |Sateesh Bino IPS<br /> |{{Center|'''IGP, Armed Police Battalion'''}}<br /> |{{center|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]}}[[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|center|141x141px]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Organization==<br /> [[File:Pink Police Kollam.jpg|thumb|Pink Police Patrol on duty]]<br /> <br /> === Police headquarters ===<br /> The Kerala Police is headed by the State Police Chief, who is the senior-most [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer in the state and holds the rank of [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] (DGP). The Director General of Police-cum-State Police Chief is appointed by the [[Government of Kerala]] from among the officers nominated by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DGP Appointment: Politics, Facts, and the Koothuparamba Incident |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/deshabhimani-english-/kerala-news/ravada-chandrasekharan-kerala-dgp-koothuparamba-row-07179 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=Deshabhimani |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> State Police Chief (SPC) is designated as the head of the department for all administrative and operational purposes. The state police headquarters is also the office of the State Police Chief and is located in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the state's capital. The SPC is assisted by staff officers ranging from the [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General of Police]] to the Deputy Superintendent of Police at the headquarters. The HQ oversees and coordinates the overall functioning of the police force in the state.<br /> <br /> The state police structure comprises units such as Intelligence, [[#Law and Order|Law &amp; Order]], [[#Crime Branch|Crime Branch]], [[#Armed police battalions|Armed Police Battalions]], [[#State Special Branch|State Special Branch]], [[#Training|Kerala Police Academy]],Police Training College, Coastal Police, State Crime Records Bureau, Social Policing, Traffic, Economic Offences Wing, Protection of Civil Rights, and Cyber Operations. Each unit is further divided into several divisions, zones, ranges, districts for better administration. Each unit is overseen by an officer with the rank of [[Additional Director General of Police]] (ADGP).<br /> <br /> === Hierarchy ===<br /> '''Officers:'''<br /> <br /> * Director General of Police &amp; State Police Chief ([[Director general of police|DGP]] &amp; SPC) <br /> * Additional Director General of Police ([[ADGP]])<br /> * Inspector General of Police ([[Inspector general of police#India|IG]])<br /> * Deputy Inspector General of Police ([[Deputy inspector general of police#India|DIG]])<br /> * Superintendent of Police ([[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]])<br /> * Additional Superintendent of Police ([[Additional superintendent of police|Addl.SP]])<br /> * Assistant Superintendent of Police ([[Assistant superintendent#india|ASP]]) &lt;nowiki/&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]] or Deputy Superintendent of Police ([[Deputy superintendent of police#India|DYSP]]) [&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[State Police Services|KPS]]<br /> * Inspector of Police ([[Inspector#india|IP]])&lt;ref group=note&gt;This rank is popularly known as Circle Inspector of Police. Circle Inspector was an earlier position in the Kerala Police. Although it is not a rank, this rank is widely recognized by the name of position &quot;Circle Inspector.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sub-Inspector of Police ([[Sub inspector#india|SI]])<br /> * Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police ([[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]])<br /> * Head constable/Senior Civil Police Officer (SCPO)<br /> * Constable/Civil Police Officer (CPO)<br /> <br /> == Police Zones, ranges and districts ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Zone<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |South Zone<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |North Zone<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Range<br /> |-<br /> |Thiruvananthapuram <br /> |Ernakulam<br /> |Thrissur<br /> |Kannur<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Commissionerate {{Resize|(City police districts)|size=80}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Thiruvananthapuram City<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kozhikode City<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ernakulam City<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Thrissur City<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kollam City<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kannur City<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |District Police {{Resize|(Rural police districts)|size=80}}<br /> |-<br /> |Thiruvananthapuram Rural<br /> |Kottayam<br /> |Thrissur Rural<br /> |Wayanad<br /> |-<br /> |Kollam Rural<br /> |Idukki<br /> |Palakkad<br /> |Kannur Rural<br /> |-<br /> |Pathanamthitta<br /> |Ernakulam Rural<br /> |Malappuram<br /> |Kasargod<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Alappuzha<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kozhikode Rural<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Kerala Police uniform badge.jpg|thumb|Kerala Police Sleeve Badge]]<br /> <br /> == Law and Order ==<br /> The Law and Order Wing, also known as the General Executive Branch, is the uniformed division of the Kerala Police and serves as its primary operational arm. Officers in this wing are deployed at the district, city, and local police station levels. They wear standard police uniforms and are often the first point of contact between the public and the police system.central role in everyday policing duties such as patrolling, crime investigation, crowd control, traffic management, responding to emergencies, and conducting routine law enforcement operations.<br /> <br /> The incumbent ADGP (Law and Order) is H. Venkatesh, IPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-04-30 |title=H. Venkatesh transferred as AGDP, Law and Order |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/h-venkatesh-transferred-as-agdp-law-and-order/article69510758.ece |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Office of the ADGP, Law and Order ===<br /> The [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General of Police]], Law and Order (ADGP L&amp;O) is the head of the law and order wing of the Kerala Police, with its headquarters in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. As a key component of the state police, the ADGP L&amp;O oversees the overall supervision and administration of police zones, ranges, and district police, ensuring effective law and order maintenance throughout Kerala. The ADGP L&amp;O is responsible for the day-to-day operations of local police, including police station functions, patrolling, crime prevention and detection, law and order maintenance, and traffic management. The ADGP L&amp;O functions under the [[Director general of police|State Police Chief]] and reports to him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kerala Police - ADGP Law &amp; Order |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/adgp-law-order |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Police zones ===<br /> <br /> The state of Kerala is divided into two police zones: South Zone and North Zone. Each zone is headed by an [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]] (IGP). The headquarters of the South Zone is at Nandavanam in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district and the North Zone is at [[Nadakkavu]] in [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]. The zone is further divided into ranges, with each police range encompassing several police districts. There are four police ranges in total: Thiruvananthapuram Range, Ernakulam Range, Thrissur Range, and Kannur Range. Kannur Range and Thrissur Range comes under North Zone, whereas Ernakulam Range and Thiruvananthapuram Range comes under South Zone.<br /> <br /> === Police ranges ===<br /> A police range consists several police districts under its jurisdiction. There are four police ranges: Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Thrissur and Kannur. Each range is headed by a [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General of Police]] (DIG)<br /> <br /> ===Police Commissionerates===<br /> A police Commissionerate is a law enforcement body especially in the urban parts of the state. The Commissionerate is headed by a [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] (CP). There are Six Commissionerate under Kerala Police for Urban Area policing.<br /> <br /> Currently [[Thiruvananthapuram City Police]], [[Kochi City Police]] and [[Kozhikode City Police]] are headed by Commissioners of Police with the rank of [[Deputy Inspector General of Police#India|Deputy Inspector General of Police]] (DIG). The remaining [[Kollam City Police]], [[Thrissur City Police]], and [[Kannur City Police]] are headed by Commissioners of the rank of [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP).<br /> <br /> The Commissioners of Police in Thiruvananthapuram City, Kochi City, and Kozhikode City are assisted by [[Deputy commissioner#India|Deputy Commissioners of Police]] (DCPs) with the rank of Superintendent of Police (SP). Each DCP is in charge of Law and Order, Crimes, Traffic, and Administration. The DCPs are assisted by Additional DCPs and [[Assistant commissioner of police#India|Assistant Commissioners of Police]] (ACPs) with the rank of [[Deputy superintendent of police#India|Deputy Superintendent of Police]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Trivandrum City Police, History - Official website of TVM City Police |url=https://tvmcity.keralapolice.gov.in/page/about-trivandrum-city-police |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=tvmcity.keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kochi-City - About Kochi City Police |url=https://kochicity.keralapolice.gov.in/page/about-kochi-city-police |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=kochicity.keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * The Commissionerates of [[Thiruvananthapuram City Police|Thiruvananthapuram City]] and [[Kochi City Police|Kochi City]] do not fall under police zones, and their Commissioners report directly to the State Police Chief through the ADGP (Law and Order).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |title=IPS officers pressuring government to form police commissionerates with magisterial powers |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=856683&amp;u=ips-officers-pressuring-government-to-form-police-commissionerates-with-magisterial-powers-856683 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Presently these Commissionerates are not vested with magisterial powers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-07 |title=Kerala: Metropolitan commissionerate system mooted again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/metropolitan-commissionerate-system-mooted-again/articleshow/66530347.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Police districts ===<br /> There are 20 police districts in total. Eight of these police districts are coterminous with the respective revenue districts, while the remaining 12 police districts are situated within revenue districts that are bifurcated into city and rural. Out of these 20 police districts, 14 are rural police districts, and 6 are city police districts (also known as police commissionerates).<br /> <br /> Each police district is headed by a District Police Chief (DPC). The District Police Chief must be an officer holding the rank of [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP) or higher. In specific districts such as Thiruvananthapuram City, Kochi City, and Kozhikode City, the role of District Police Chief (commonly referred to as the Police Commissioner) is filled by higher-ranking officers, specifically those with the ranks of [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]] (IGP) and [[Deputy Inspector General of Police#India|Deputy Inspector General of Police]] (DIG), and remaining police districts are headed by officers holding the rank of Superintendent of Police. The DPC is assisted by an [[Additional superintendent of police|Additional Superintendent of Police]], and Deputy Superintendents of Police (DySPs). Each district comprises two or more subdivisions, several police stations and other special units.<br /> <br /> The special units are District Special Branch, District Crime Branch, District Crime Records Bureau, Narcotics Cell, and the Armed Reserve Camp. These units are headed by [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendents of Police.]]<br /> <br /> === Subdivisions ===<br /> Each police district is divided into some subdivisions to supervise activities of several police stations under its jurisdiction. There are 91 police sub-divisions in Kerala. Each sub-division is headed by a [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (DySP) or an [[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|Assistant Commissioner of Police]] (ACP) in the case of city police sub-divisions.<br /> <br /> The police officer in charge of a sub division is called Sub Divisional Police Officer (SDPO). DYSPs or ACPs are posted as SDPOs. A sub-division consists several Police Stations under its jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> === Police Stations ===<br /> A Subdivision is further divided into Police Station areas, each of which is under an [[Inspector of Police]] designated as [[Station House Officer#India|Station House Officer]] (SHO).<br /> <br /> A [[Police station|Police Station]] (PS) is the basic unit of policing, responsible for prevention and detection of crime, maintenance of public order, enforcing law in general as well as for performing protection duties and making security arrangements for the constitutional authorities, government functionaries, representatives of the public in different legislative bodies and local self governments, public figures etc. Kerala has 484 local police stations that handle routine law enforcement and investigations. In addition, there are 80 special police stations: coastal police stations manage coastal security, cybercrime police stations deal with cyber crimes, and women police stations handle crimes against women, such as domestic violence and harassment.<br /> <br /> Inspectors in charge of police stations are known as Inspector SHOs (ISHO). In small police stations sub-inspectors are appointed as SHOs. At the police station level, there are typically two wings: the law and order and the crime investigation. These are headed by a sub-inspector of police (SIs) who oversees the respective functions of maintaining public order and conducting criminal investigations within the station's jurisdiction. The Sub Inspector (Law &amp; Order) handles general policing duties such as maintaining law and order, crime prevention, patrolling, and public safety, while the Sub Inspector (Crimes) is responsible for investigation-related duties, including crime registration, evidence collection, interrogation, arrests, and submission of final reports to court.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Standard Operating Procedure; Kerala Police Station House Management |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/BUEvumhWKw0cuiTr1kTkKk9n0sykEp9uE6njExoY.pdf |website=Kerala Police}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Station House Officer is assisted by personnel of the ranks of Sub Inspector, Assistant Sub Inspector, Senior Civil Police Officer, and Civil Police Officer in policing operations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The section known as General Executive is working in the police stations of Kerala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=8 September 2020 |title=Key postings made in Kerala Police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/key-postings-made-in-kerala-police/article32547594.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920002044/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/key-postings-made-in-kerala-police/article32547594.ece |archive-date=20 September 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Police outposts====<br /> Some police stations have outposts attached to them, which are typically headed by assistant sub-inspectors or senior civil police officers. A police outpost functions under the jurisdiction of its respective police station and is typically established in remote or rural areas within the limits of a large police station.<br /> <br /> == Crime Branch ==<br /> {{Infobox law enforcement unit<br /> | unit_name = State Crime Branch<br /> | native_namea = ക്രൈം ബ്രാഞ്ച്<br /> | agency = <br /> | type = [[Criminal Investigation Department]]<br /> | role = Investigation of complex crimes, financial frauds, economic offences, undetected or sensitive cases, inter-state cases, etc.<br /> | headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | common_name = <br /> | abbreviation = CB<br /> | subunit_type_label = Ranges<br /> | subunits = 3 {{collapsible list|title=<br /> | framestyle = border:none;padding:0;<br /> | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:transparent;<br /> | liststyle = list-style-type:disc;text-align:left;<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> |}}<br /> | station_type_label = Units<br /> | stations = 14<br /> | current_commander = H Venkatesh IPS, [[ADGP]], Crimes<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The Crime Branch is the specialized investigation wing of the Kerala police. The Crime Branch has its headquarters in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and headed by an officer of the rank of [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General of Police]] (ADGP).<br /> <br /> Crime Branch investigates cases that are entrusted to it by the [[Director general of police|State Police Chief]] or the [[Government of Kerala|Government]] or the [[Kerala High Court|High Court of Kerala]]. This department was earlier known as Crime Branch-Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID).<br /> <br /> Crime Branch is the Nodal agency for Interpol related matters in the State and conducts verifications or enquiries on behalf of [[Interpol]].<br /> <br /> Crime Branch is specialized in investigation of complex organized crimes, financial frauds, economic offences with huge ramifications, undetected or sensitive crime cases, cases with inter-state ramifications, etc. Crime Branch officers operate in [[Covert operation|plainclothes]], similar to those in the [[Special Branch#India|Special Branch]], and are primarily involved in investigative and intelligence-related duties.<br /> <br /> The state crime branch includes special units like Economic Offences Wing, Organised Crime Wing, etc. The crime branch wing is divided into ranges and units. Each range is headed by an [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector General of Police]] (IGP) and each unit is headed by a [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP). There are three ranges headquartered in Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kozhikode. There are 14 district units under Crime Branch. The Crime Branch also includes Deputy Superintendents of Police, Detective Inspectors, Detective Sub Inspectors, Detective Assistant Sub Inspectors, Senior Civil Police Officers, and Civil Police Officers.<br /> <br /> There is no direct recruitment to the Crime Branch; postings are typically made on deputation from the General Executive Branch (Civil Police) based on eligibility and experience.<br /> <br /> Apart from this, the District Crime Branch (C-Branch) functions under the respective District Police Chiefs. District C-Branch is headed by a Deputy Superintendent of Police. District C Branch acts as specialized investigating wing of the District Police Chief which is mandated to help in investigating sensational cases at the district level. The District Crime Branch is not subordinate to the State Crime Branch; instead, it operates under the Law and Order Wing of the state police.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kerala Police - Crime Branch |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/crime-branch |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==State Special Branch==<br /> {{Infobox law enforcement unit<br /> | unit_name = State Special Branch<br /> | native_namea = സംസ്ഥാന സ്പെഷ്യൽ ബ്രാഞ്ച്<br /> | agency = <br /> | type = [[intelligence agency|State intelligence agency]]<br /> | role = {{collapsible list|title=intelligence gathering on:<br /> | framestyle = border:none;padding:0;<br /> | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:transparent;<br /> | liststyle = list-style-type:disc;text-align:left;<br /> | political<br /> | communal<br /> | security<br /> | national security<br /> | labour activity<br /> | security concerns<br /> | matters affecting law and order|}}<br /> | common_name = SBCID, SB-CID<br /> | abbreviation = SSB<br /> | subunit_type_label = Ranges<br /> | subunits = 4<br /> | station_type_label = Detachments<br /> | stations = 17<br /> | current_commander = P. Vijayan IPS, [[Additional Director General of Police|ADGP]], Intelligence<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The State Special Branch (SSB) is the intelligence wing of the Kerala police. The State Special Branch has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram and headed by an officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP). The SSB currently operates four wings: 1) Intelligence 2). Internal Security 3) Security and 4) Administration. The following divisions operate under Internal Security: 1) Extremist Cell 2) A communal cell. 3) Organised Crime (IS), 4) Digital Surveillance Unit (DSU), and 5) Digital Security Data Bank. The Security Wing comprises the VVIP/VIP Security Team, the [[Explosive detection|BDDS]] Wing, the Foreigners Wing, and the Passport &amp; Verification Wing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The ADGP, Intelligence is assisted by Inspectors General of Police, Deputy Inspectors General of Police, Superintendents of Police, Deputy Superintendents of Police, and subordinate officers. There are 4 Range offices, each headed by an SP, and 17 Detachments in districts led by DYSPs. In addition, Internal Security Wings operate in four Range offices under the supervision of DYSPs.<br /> <br /> The State Special Branch (SSB) is primarily concerned with the collection, collation and dissemination of intelligence on and about various political, communal, terrorist, national security, and labour activities and with relation to various law and order issues like agitations, strikes, demonstrations, protests, etc. The SSB functions as the eyes and ears of the government.<br /> <br /> ==Armed police battalions==<br /> [[File:Police kuttikanam.jpg|center|thumb|Armed police Bus]]<br /> There are eleven armed police battalions in the state, which serve as reserve forces to be deployed whenever and wherever district police fall short of manpower in the maintenance of law and order.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala Armed Police Battalions |url=https://kerala.me/administration/police/police-battalions |access-date=2022-06-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020130626/https://www.kerala.me/administration/police/police-battalions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br/&gt;<br /> The Armed Police is under the command of the Additional Director General of Police (Armed Police Battalions), who functions under the overall control of the State Police Chief. The ADGP is assisted by a Deputy Inspector General of Police. The Armed Police comprises 12 battalions, each headed by a Commandant of the rank of Superintendent of Police (SP). The Commandant is assisted by a Deputy Commandant and Assistant Commandants. The headquarters of the Armed Police Battalions is located in Thiruvananthapuram.&lt;br /&gt;<br /> [[Malabar Special Police]] is the oldest paramilitary force of India after [[Assam Rifles]], established during the period of [[British India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Legacy of Malabar Special Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/BxHZHx506oWJXRA98I0KyPb409xHiBodpGcfc91j.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Battalions ===<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP I ([[Thrippunithura|Tripunithura, Ernakulam]])<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP II ([[Palakkad|Muttikulangara, Palakkad]])<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP III ([[Adoor]][[Pathanamthitta district|, Pathanamthitta]])<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP IV ([[Kannur|Mangattuparamba]], [[Kannur]])<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP V ([[Kuttikkanam|Kuttikanam, Idukki]])<br /> *Kerala Armed Police - KAP VI ([[Valayam]], [[Kozhikode]]) <br /> *[[Malabar Special Police]] - MSP ([[Malappuram]])<br /> *Special Armed Police - SAP ([[Thiruvananthapuram district|Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram]])<br /> *Rapid Response and Rescue Force - RRRF ([[Pandikkad|Pandikkad, Malappuram]])<br /> *India Reserve Battalion - IRBn ([[Thrissur|Ramavarmapuram, Thrissur]])<br /> *State Industrial Security Force - SISF ([[Thiruvananthapuram district|Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram]])<br /> *Armed Women Police Battalion - AWPBn ([[Kazhakoottam|Kazhakkoottam]], [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]) <br /> *Their primary functions include controlling communal disturbances and riots, providing security during elections and major public events, assisting during natural disasters and emergencies, protecting vital installations and institutions, and reinforcing district police units when additional manpower is required.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> The Armed Police Cadre consists of personnel serving in the armed battalions and reserve units of the state police. Direct recruitment to the Armed Police Cadre is conducted at the ranks of Armed Police Constable and Armed Police Sub-Inspector through the Kerala Public Service Commission.<br /> <br /> ==Police technical divisions==<br /> * '''State Crime Records Bureau''' (SCRB): Maintains crime and criminal data and oversees various police technical divisions; headed by an ADGP or IGP. <br /> * '''Information Communication and Technology''' (ICT) wing: Manages digital systems and IT infrastructure, headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP).<br /> * '''Police Telecommunication unit''': Oversees wireless communication networks, headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP).<br /> * '''Finger Print Bureau''': Handles fingerprint collection and identification.<br /> * '''State Forensic Science Laboratory''' (FSL): Conducts scientific analysis of evidence.<br /> * '''Police Motor Transport Wing''': headed by an SP. This unit is responsible for matters related to motor transport, maintenance of department vehicles, etc.<br /> === Police Cyber Division ===<br /> The Cyber Division is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP) with 465 personnel, it handles cybercrime prevention and investigation through wings for research &amp; analysis, training, cyber patrolling, intelligence, and investigation, with Police Cyberdome serving as its R&amp;D centre. The Cyber division has a total strength of 466 personnel, including two Superintendents of Police (SPs) and four Deputy Superintendents of Police (DySPs). All police units engaged in the investigation, research, and prevention of cybercrimes in the state come under the Cyber Division, including the Hi-Tech Crime Enquiry Cell of the Crime Branch, the Kerala Police Cyberdome, and the Cyber Crime Police Stations functioning in various police districts.<br /> There are Cyber Crime Police Stations for each of 20 police districts, who look after the cyber crime investigation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2024-02-06 |title=Kerala Police get more teeth to fight cyber crimes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-police-gets-more-teeth-to-fight-cyber-crimes/article67818131.ece |access-date=2025-09-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Specialised units==<br /> ===Tourism Police===<br /> Tourism Police wing has been functioning in the state for maintaining law and order, preventing attack and harassment on tourists. They also assist the tourists for getting tourist related information, guidance, etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts about Kerala Police Department |url=https://www.swapdial.com/public/knowledge-contents/industrial-data/facts-about-kerala-police-department/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.swapdial.com |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907015254/https://www.swapdial.com/public/knowledge-contents/industrial-data/facts-about-kerala-police-department/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The uniform of Tourism Police Officers is sky blue shirt and khakee pants. International Tourism Police Station and Police Museum at [[Mattancherry]] in [[Ernakulam district]] is the first of its kind in the country which not only addresses grievances of tourists but also showcases the history of the Kerala Police. The primary aim of the station is to make the state of Kerala more tourist-friendly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-03-01 |title=India's first tourist police station opens in Kochi |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2010/03/01/indiasfirst-tourist-police-station-opens-in-kochi.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907015253/https://www.oneindia.com/2010/03/01/indiasfirst-tourist-police-station-opens-in-kochi.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Coastal Police ===<br /> Coastal Police Stations handle the security of the coasts and carry out the patrolling in the sea up to 12 nautical miles. The cases reported on the sea (in the Territorial Waters) will be investigated by the Coastal Police. The headquarters of Kerala Coastal Police is situated at [[Kochi]]. The Kerala Coastal Police is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP). The Inspector General (Coastal Police) is assisted by an Assistant Inspector General of Police (AIG). There are 18 Coastal Police Stations across the coastal areas of Kerala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About - Kerala Coastal Police |url=https://coastal.keralapolice.gov.in/about |access-date=2024-11-04 |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216083307/https://coastal.keralapolice.gov.in/about |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The first coastal police station in Kerala was the Neendakara Coastal Police Station, established in 2009 in [[Kollam district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Neendakara Coastal PS |url=https://ps.keralapolice.gov.in/neendakaracostal-ps/jurisdiction |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=ps.keralapolice.gov.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-15 |title=First coastal police station to come up at Neendakara |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/Feb/06/first-coastal-police-station-to-come-up-at-neendakara-23640.html |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Railway Police ===<br /> The responsibility of the Kerala Railway Police is to maintain law and order, prevent and detect crime on the railways and railway stations in Kerala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,533,1031,1035 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=indianrailways.gov.in |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907042535/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,533,1031,1035 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Kerala Railway Police is responsible for ensuring the safety and security of passengers and their belongings within the state's railway network. This includes preventing and detecting crimes both at railway stations and on trains. Their jurisdiction extends to the 1027&amp;nbsp;km of railway lines in Kerala. It is functioning incorporate with [[Railway Protection Force]] (RPF).<br /> <br /> The Superintendent of Police (Railways) is the Unit Head and functions under supervision of A.D.G.P (Intelligence &amp; Railways). There are 13 Railway Police Stations in Kerala. They are located in the main Railway station premises at [[Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station|Trivandrum Central]], [[Parassala railway station|Parassala]], [[Kollam Junction railway station|Kollam]], [[Punalur railway station|Punalur]], [[Alappuzha railway station|Alappuzha]], [[Kottayam railway station|Kottayam]], [[Ernakulam Junction railway station|Ernakulam Junction]], [[Thrissur railway station|Thrissur]], [[Shoranur Junction railway station|Shornur]], [[Palakkad railway division|Palakkad]], [[Kozhikode railway station|Kozhikode]], [[Kannur railway station|Kannur]] and [[Kasaragod railway station|Kasargod]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kerala Police - Railway Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/railway-police |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=keralapolice.gov.in |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907042524/https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/railway-police |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Traffic Police ===<br /> The traffic wing is headed by the [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]] (Traffic and Road Safety Management), under whom the state is divided into two zones—North and South—each supervised by a Superintendent of Police (Traffic). Operationally, the traffic police function under the control of the respective District Police Chiefs. In major cities, traffic administration is overseen by Assistant Commissioners of Police. There are Traffic Enforcement Units (TEUs), formerly known as ''Traffic Police Stations'', which are responsible for traffic management and road safety enforcement within their jurisdiction. Each TEU is headed by an [[Inspector]] (in the case of large cities) or a [[Sub-Inspector]] (in towns), and is assisted by police personnel and [[Home Guard (India)|Home Guards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala Traffic Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/traffic-police}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Kerala Highway Police ===<br /> Highway Police focus on traffic enforcement to prevent road accidents and assist victims. At present a total of 56 Highway Police Patrols are functioning along all the important Roads in Kerala. <br /> <br /> Highway Police functions under the respective District Police Chiefs. Each Highway Police Vehicle is assigned an 'Operational area' and a Base Station. The Officers and men are deployed for duty in the Highway Patrol Vehicles are from various Police Stations in the Police District.<br /> <br /> Highway police is responsible for patrolling national highways and state highways. They are tasked with traffic enforcement in highways, accident assistance, maintenance of law and order in highways.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EKM taxi driver salutes highway police officers for turning good Samaritan for stranded passengers |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/good-news/taxi-driver-salutes-highway-police-officers-for-helping-stranded-passengers-reach-airport-0d99f5d6 |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=english.mathrubhumi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Mounted Police ===<br /> Kerala Police maintains a mounted unit headquartered at Kennettumukku, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Originating from the ceremonial guards of the [[Travancore|Travancore state]], the wing is employed for ceremonial programs, parades, public events, crowd control, and night and morning patrols. The unit has a sanctioned strength of 25 horses and functions under the Thiruvananthapuram City Police Commissioner. The wing is headed by a Reserve Inspector (Mounted Unit), with an Assistant Director (Veterinary) and a Livestock Inspector responsible for equine healthcare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Shan A. |date=2025-06-12 |title=Kerala mounted police to get first batch of trained riders via PSC soon |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jun/12/kerala-mounted-police-to-get-first-batch-of-trained-riders-via-psc-soon |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Police Control Room ===<br /> The Control room serves as the central communication hub for police operations in a city or police district. It is responsible for receiving emergency calls (commonly through the [[112 (emergency telephone number)#India|112 helpline]]), dispatching patrol units, and coordinating immediate police response to incidents. In cities and districts, Control Room Vehicles (CRVs) are deployed across strategic points to ensure immediate police presence and intervention. PCR units also coordinate closely with traffic, highway, and local police stations for effective field operations.<br /> <br /> The State-level main control room (''Police Chief Control Room'') operates from the Police Headquarters in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-07-14 |title=Kerala: DG control room in police headquarters soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/dg-control-room-in-police-hq-soon/articleshow/59584549.cms |access-date=2025-07-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; District-level PCRs function under the direct supervision of the District Police Chief and are usually headed by an officer of [[Deputy superintendent of police|DySP]] rank. In cities, they are supervised by the Deputy Commissioner of Police and headed by Assistant Commissioners of Police.<br /> <br /> The CRV mobiles patrol across city and rural areas, and respond to emergency calls received through [[112 (emergency telephone number)|112]], as well as to law and order issues and other emergencies. Each CRV vehicle is led by an officer, usually a Sub-Inspector or Assistant Sub-Inspector, and is staffed by Civil Police Officers.<br /> <br /> === Pink Police Patrol ===<br /> .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Iraq: The UN must take immediate action to prevent further mass atrocities against minorities |url=https://primarysources.brillonline.com/browse/human-rights-documents-online/iraq-the-un-must-take-immediate-action-to-prevent-further-mass-atrocities-against-minorities;hrdhrd00352014222 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Human Rights Documents online |doi=10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0035-2014222 |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907134504/https://primarysources.brillonline.com/browse/human-rights-documents-online/iraq-the-un-must-take-immediate-action-to-prevent-further-mass-atrocities-against-minorities;hrdhrd00352014222 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; As part of improving women safety in public places, Kerala Police has rolled out a special patrol team called pink patrol with all women police officers, patrolling across all the busy areas of the various cities of Kerala. Pink police ensures the safety of women and children, prevents harassment, and responds to distress calls through 112. The team has been allotted pink sedan cars. The Pink patrol vehicles are fitted with GPS and other smart equipments for faster response and assistance as well as has on-board cameras and scanning systems to identify potential offenders. It operates with a dedicated Pink Control Room (''Dial 1515'') and specially marked patrol vehicles. The patrols are staffed by women police officers, usually led by a woman Sub-Inspector or Assistant Sub-Inspector, and function under the supervision of district police chiefs.<br /> <br /> There are a total of 52 Pink Police Patrol vehicles in Kerala, each staffed by three women officers, including the driver. These patrols operate from 8 AM to 8 PM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Toby |date=2023-01-01 |title=Pink Police could register only 197 cases over six years across Kerala: Data |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jan/01/pink-police-could-register-only-197-cases-over-six-years-across-kerala-data-2533623.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Narcotic Cell===<br /> Narcotic Cell collects intelligence on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) and pass it on to concerned police stations according to the gravity of cases. Monitoring and Supervising cases registered under NDPS Act is also done by this wing. Abkari raids are being conducted by Narcotic Cell on information. The District Anti-Narcotic Special Action Force (DANSAF) functions as the operational arm of the narcotic cells. <br /> District Narcotic Cell is functioning in all police districts, headed by an officer of the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police, and under supervision of District Police Chiefs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Shan A. |date=2024-06-21 |title=Kerala government delegates power to narcotic cell, DANSAF to register drug cases |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Jun/21/kerala-government-delegates-power-to-narcotic-cell-dansaf-to-register-drug-cases |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Women Cell ===<br /> State Women Cell is headed by a Superintendent of Police. In addition, One District Women Cell is also functioning in all Police Districts, each headed by a Woman Inspector. The State Women Cell is functioning at the Police Headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram. The first Woman Police Station started at [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]] in 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kerala Police - Women Cell |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/women-cell |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=keralapolice.gov.in |archive-date=2022-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907024329/https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/women-cell |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Kerala Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) ===<br /> The Kerala Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), established in 2013, is a specialized unit dedicated to countering terrorism and extremist activities in the state. The Kerala ATS is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP). It is responsible for the investigation and intelligence related to terrorism and [[national security]]. It liaison with [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA) (federal counter terrorism agency) and other state agencies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kanth |first=Ajay |date=2019-05-11 |title=Kerala forms anti-terrorism squad, begins talent hunt |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/May/11/state-forms-anti-terrorism-squad-begins-talent-hunt-1975282.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The KATS is responsible for investigating and addressing terrorist-related activities, including threats from [[Fundamentalism|religious fundamentalism]], organized terrorism, and [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|left-wing extremism]]. The squad is empowered to act under various laws such as the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]] (UAPA), [[Arms Act, 1959|Arms Act]], and Explosives Act.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 April 2023 |title=Kozhikode train fire: Probe team centres investigation to Shoranur |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kozhikode-train-fire-probe-team-centres-investigation-to-shoranur--bb29fc48 |access-date=2025-05-08 |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Thunderbolts ===<br /> {{See also|Kerala Thunderbolts}}<br /> Thunderbolts is the elite commando unit of Kerala Police. It performs perilous [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorism]], [[Jungle warfare|jungle-warfare]], and [[Hostage Rescue|hostage-rescue operations]]. Thunderbolts are a form of SPG and NSG, which are trained to take on air, water and land attacks.<br /> <br /> ==== Avengers (Urban Commando Wing) ====<br /> The Avengers Urban Commando Wing is a specialized tactical unit, established in February 2023 to address [[urban terrorism]] and high-risk threats in metropolitan areas. This elite force functions similarly to a [[SWAT]] team and is designed to respond swiftly to situations such as terrorist attacks, [[Hostage|hostage crises]], and the apprehension of high-value targets. Initially, the unit was deployed in major cities including [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]], and [[Kozhikode]], with plans for further expansion based on operational needs. The unit comprises 96 commandos selected from the [[Kerala Thunderbolts|Thunderbolts]] (Kerala Police's primary commando force) and the [[India Reserve Battalion]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 February 2023 |title='Avengers' commandos in 3 districts of Kerala; may be deployed for CM's security |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-police-to-receive-avengers-unit-to-provide-security-in-three-cities-cfb634c7 |access-date=2025-05-08 |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-02-18 |title=Kerala state forms Avengers to combat 'urban threats' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Feb/18/kerala-state-forms-avengers-to-combat-urban-threats-2548490.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Special Operations Group (SOG) ===<br /> The Special Operations Group (SOG) is an elite police unit of the Kerala Police, Primarily tasked with counter [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|left-wing extremism]] operations, the SOG focuses on neutralizing Left-wing extremism, including Maoist activities. The SOG functions as a separate entity under the direct control of the State Police Chief, and is headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP). The SOG primarily operates in districts with a history of Left-wing extremism, such as Wayanad, Malappuram, Palakkad, etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-09 |title=Anti-naxal squads from neighbouring States to interrogate Maoists arrested by Kerala Police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/anti-naxal-squads-from-neighbouring-states-to-interrogate-maoists-arrested-by-kerala-police/article67517005.ece |access-date=2024-12-14 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kanth |first=Ajay |date=2019-03-08 |title=Kerala police mull Special Operational Group to counter Maoists |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/Mar/08/cops-mull-spl-operational-group-to-counter-maoists-1948637.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ranks and insignia ==<br /> {| style=&quot;border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;&quot;<br /> |+'''Kerala''' '''Police IPS Cadre Insignia''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mahapolice.gov.in/jsp/temp/html/policerank.pdf|title=Police Ranks|website=[[Maharashtra Police]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance of Kerala Police&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralapolice.org/kerala-police/about-us/governance|title=Governance of Kerala Police|website=Kerala Police|access-date=August 14, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Police Ranks and Badges&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/199|title=Police Ranks and Badges|website=[[Odisha Police]]|access-date=August 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}<br /> |- align=center<br /> ||'''Insignia'''<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Director General of Police.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Director General of Police.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Deputy Inspector General of Police.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=3| [[File:Senior Superintendent of Police.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Superintendent of Police.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Additional SP IPS.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=6| [[File:DySP IPS.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=4| [[File:Assistant SP IPS 2.png|60px]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[File:Assistant SP IPS 1.png|60px]]<br /> |- align=center<br /> ||'''Rank'''<br /> | colspan=2| [[Director General of Police]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[Additional Director General of Police]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Rank insignia of ADGP is similar to [[Director General of Police|DGP]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=2| [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[Deputy Inspector General of Police#India|Deputy Inspector General of Police]]<br /> | colspan=3| [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police (Selection Grade)]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Also known as Senior Superintendent of Police or Assistant Inspector General of Police.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=2| [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]<br /> | colspan=2| [[Additional Superintendent of Police#India|Additional superintendent of police]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;nomenclature&quot;&gt;The newly created Additional SP post is held by state police service (KPS) officers.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=6| [[Assistant superintendent of police#India|Assistant Superintendent of Police]] <br /> | colspan=4| [[Assistant Superintendent of Police#India|Assistant Superintendent of Police]] (Probationary Rank: 2 years of service)<br /> | colspan=2| [[Assistant Superintendent of Police#India|Assistant Superintendent of Police]] (Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)<br /> |- align=center<br /> ||'''Abbreviation'''<br /> | colspan=2| DGP<br /> | colspan=2| ADGP<br /> | colspan=2| IG<br /> | colspan=2| DIG<br /> | colspan=3| SP (SG)<br /> | colspan=2| SP<br /> | colspan=2| Addl. SP<br /> | colspan=6| ASP<br /> | colspan=4| IPS Trainee<br /> | colspan=2| IPS Trainee<br /> |- align=center<br /> |colspan=8|<br /> |- <br /> |colspan=18|<br /> *{{smaller|'''Note:''' [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] is a post held by different rank officers in different places. For example, it is held by [[Inspector General of Police|IG rank]] officers in [[Thiruvananthapuram City Police|Thiruvananthapuram City]] and [[Kochi City Police|Kochi City]]; by [[Deputy Inspector general of police|DIG rank]] officer in [[Kozhikode]]; by [[Superintendent of police|SP rank]] officers in [[Kollam|Kollam City]], [[Thrissur|Thrissur City]], [[Kannur|Kannur City]] etc.}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;&quot;<br /> |+'''Kerala Police Officers Insignia''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mahapolice.gov.in/jsp/temp/html/policerank.pdf|title=Police Ranks|website=[[Maharashtra Police]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance of Kerala Police&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Police Ranks and Badges&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e6e6fa;&quot; | Gazetted Officers<br /> |- align=center<br /> ||'''Insignia'''<br /> |[[File:AP-SP State Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |[[File:Assistant Superintendent of Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |[[File:AP Deupty Superintendent of Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:Police Inspector insignia.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ||'''Rank'''<br /> |[[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]<br /> |[[Assistant Superintendent of Police|Additional Superintendent of Police]]<br /> |[[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]<br /> |[[Inspector#India|Inspector of Police]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Police Circles have been abolished and Circle Inspectors have been appointed as Inspector / Station House Officer. Nomenclature of CI is changed to IP/SHO.&lt;/ref&gt;{{Note|In Kerala Police, the '''rank of Inspector of Police (IP)''' is commonly referred to as '''Circle Inspector (CI)''' in colloquial usage. Technically, ''Inspector'' is the rank, while ''Circle Inspector'' was a designation for officers in charge of police circles. Following a 2017 restructuring, Kerala Police '''abolished the police circle system and the post of Circle Inspector'''. Inspectors are now appointed as '''Station House Officers (SHOs)''' of individual police stations. Despite this, the term &quot;Circle Inspector&quot; continues to be used informally by the public and media.}}<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ||'''Abbreviation'''<br /> |SP<br /> |Addl.SP<br /> |DYSP<br /> |IP<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> *{{smaller|Note: The rank of Inspector of Police is colloquially known as Circle Inspector (CI). Historically, the police circle office was overseen by an Inspector of Police with the designation of Circle Inspector. However, as of 2017, the specific post of Circle Inspector has been discontinued.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/oct/20/circle-inspectors-to-be-station-house-officers-1678237.html | title=Circle Inspectors to be Station House Officers | date=20 October 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e6e6fa;&quot; | Non-Gazetted Officers<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |'''Insignia'''<br /> | [[File:Police Sub-Inspector.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:Assistant Sub-Inspector.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:AP-Police Head Constable.png|center|frameless|48x48px]]<br /> | '''''No insignia'''''<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |'''Rank'''<br /> | [[Sub-inspector#India|Sub Inspector of Police]]<br /> | [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Assistant Sub Inspector]]<br /> | [[Head constable|Senior Civil Police Officer]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;The designation of personnel holding the rank of Head Constable is Senior Civil Police Officer (SCPO).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Civil Police Officer]]<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |'''Abbreviation'''<br /> |SI<br /> |ASI<br /> |SCPO<br /> |CPO<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;&quot;<br /> |+'''Kerala Armed Police Officers Insignia''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mahapolice.gov.in/jsp/temp/html/policerank.pdf|title=Police Ranks|website=[[Maharashtra Police]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance of Kerala Police&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Police Ranks and Badges&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e6e6fa;&quot; | Gazetted Officers<br /> |- align=center<br /> ||'''Insignia'''<br /> |[[File:AP-SP State Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |[[File:Assistant Superintendent of Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |[[File:AP Deupty Superintendent of Police.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:Police Inspector insignia.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ||'''Rank'''<br /> |[[Commandant]]<br /> |[[Deputy Commandant]]<br /> |[[Assistant commandant]]<br /> | [[Inspector#India|Armed Police Inspector]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Police Circles have been abolished and Circle Inspectors have been appointed as Inspector / Station House Officer. Nomenclature of CI is changed to IP/SHO.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ||'''Abbreviation'''<br /> |Cmdt.<br /> |DC<br /> |AC<br /> |API<br /> |- <br /> |'''Equivalent civil police rank'''<br /> |{{Center|[[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]]}}<br /> |{{Center|[[Additional superintendent of police|Addl.SP]]}}<br /> |{{Center|[[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]]}}<br /> |{{Center|[[Inspector#India|IP]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> *{{smaller|Note: The Commandant is the head of each battalion, usually an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] or [[Kerala Police Service|KPS]] officer of the rank of SP. The District Armed Reserve (DHQ Camp) also has ranks like Deputy Commandant, Assistant Commandant, Reserve Inspector, and Reserve Sub Inspector.}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e6e6fa;&quot; | Non-Gazetted Officers<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |'''Insignia'''<br /> | [[File:Police Sub-Inspector.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:Assistant Sub-Inspector.png|center|frameless|90x90px]]<br /> | [[File:AP-Police Head Constable.png|center|frameless|48x48px]]<br /> | '''''No insignia'''''<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |'''Rank'''<br /> | [[Sub-inspector#India|Armed Police Sub Inspector]]<br /> | [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Armed Police Assistant Sub Inspector]]<br /> | [[Head constable|Havildar]]&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Also known as Armed Police Head Constable.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Police Constable|Armed Police Constable]]<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |'''Abbreviation'''<br /> |APSI<br /> |APASI<br /> |Hdr.<br /> |PC<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * In the Armed Police, the titles of Commandant, Deputy Commandant, and Assistant Commandant replace the ranks of Superintendent (SP), Additional Superintendent (Addl.SP), and Deputy Superintendent (DySP) respectively.<br /> * Circle Inspector (CI) is not an official rank but a posting (currently not existing), referring to an [[Inspector#India|Inspector of Police]] (IP) in charge of a police circle. <br /> * In the Armed Police, the prefix &quot;Armed Police&quot; is used for all ranks (e.g., Armed Police Inspector, Armed Police Sub Inspector, Armed Police Constable), replacing the standard police rank titles.<br /> * The title of [[Havildar]] replaces the rank of Head constable in the Armed Police.<br /> * In the Civil Police, the ranks of Constable and Head Constable are designated as Civil Police Officer (CPO) and Senior Civil Police Officer (SCPO), respectively.<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | image1 = Car stars.jpg<br /> | caption1 = Three Stars on blue background indicates DGP/ADGP rank.<br /> Two Stars on blue background indicates IGP Rank.<br /> One Star on blue background Indicates DIG Rank.<br /> | image2 = Car flags.jpg<br /> | caption2 = Flags displayed on the official vehicles of senior IPS officers, indicating the officer's rank.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/SOP-1-SHOULDER-SLEEVE-INSIGNIAS_compressed.pdf |title=Shoulder Sleeve Insiginas |access-date=2023-05-01 |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602152146/https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/SOP-1-SHOULDER-SLEEVE-INSIGNIAS_compressed.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> The ranks in the Kerala Police range from [[Constable#India|Constable]] to [[Director general of police|DGP]]. See: [[#Hierarchy|Rank structure]].<br /> <br /> ===Promotion===<br /> There is a regular line of promotion based on arising vacancies, contingent on factors such as seniority and eligibility.<br /> <br /> Despite meeting educational qualifications, many Civil Police Officers (CPOs) retire with only one or two official promotion during their service. Grade-based designations, while allowing the wearing of higher-rank uniforms and performing related duties, do not reflect in official records or confer actual rank advancement, leading to dissatisfaction among constabulary personnel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A |first=Abdul Nazer M. |date=2025-06-02 |title=KPOA submits plan to raise morale of lower-ranked policemen |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jun/02/kpoa-submits-plan-to-raise-morale-of-lower-ranked-policemen |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Grade designation:'''<br /> <br /> Certain long-serving police personnel in Kerala Civil Police are designated with honorary ranks such as Sub Inspector (Grade), Assistant Sub Inspector (Grade), and Senior Civil Police Officer (Grade). These officials are permitted to wear the uniform and perform the duties of the higher rank, but for all official, legal, and disciplinary purposes, they are treated as holding their original lower rank. For example, an ASI (Grade) is treated as a Head Constable, and a Senior Civil Police Officer (Grade) as a Civil Police Officer. These grade designations do not affect seniority or pay but provide functional recognition. They will continue to carry the duties and responsibilities of the rank when they receive the honorary grade. Promotion to the regular higher rank is based on seniority and eligibility as determined by the Departmental Promotion Board.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-25 |title=Grade SIs considered secondary: Police demand rectification of discrepancies in authority |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/grade-sis-considered-secondary-police-demand-rectification-of-discrepancies-in-authority-b407206e |access-date=2025-07-25 |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-10-28 |title=Kerala: Government relaxes grade norms for police officers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/govt-relaxes-grade-norms-for-police-officers/articleshow/71787592.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The eligibility criteria for the grade designation as follows;<br /> *Head constable Grade (Senior Civil Police Officer) - 12yrs of service as constable (Civil Police Officer).<br /> *Assistant Sub Inspector (Grade)- 20yrs of service as SCPO.<br /> *Sub Inspector (Grade) - 25yrs of service as ASI.<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |agency=TNN |date=Oct 28, 2019 |title=Kerala: Government relaxes grade norms for police officers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/govt-relaxes-grade-norms-for-police-officers/articleshow/71787592.cms |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628120629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/govt-relaxes-grade-norms-for-police-officers/articleshow/71787592.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Designations and equivalent ranks, pay scales===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! Designation/Post <br /> ! Abrv.!! Rank<br /> (equivalent)<br /> !Pay Scale <br /> (Basic)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monthly remuneration, Kerala Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/xjUZbqvlfjOhz8ZodbaVMcvKQM3pTtlyw1uhqxk4.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IPS Pay Rules, 2016 |url=https://ga.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-11/IPS%20%28PAY%29%20RULES%2C%202016.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=:: KERALA :: PAY REVISION COMMISSION :: |url=http://www.prc.kerala.gov.in/payScales.jsp |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.prc.kerala.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report Of The XI Pay Revision Commission, Kerala Part- I |url=http://www.prc.kerala.gov.in/includes/fileViewer.jsp?fmde=res&amp;did=22&amp;fname=11thPayCommissionReport-Part1.pdf&amp;dPrfx=RPT}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Small|(* Excluding allowances and other benefits)}}<br /> !note;<br /> |-<br /> | State Police Chief<br /> |SPC|| [[Director general of police|DGP]]<br /> |Pay Level 17 ({{Small|Apex grade}})<br /> 225000/- (Fixed)<br /> |Head of the police department.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Kerala Police Manual |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/pages/custom/ckFiles/file/mZNkPVo0AnTW8p3xXomyLzpndmMFYM3ylaUK6MPK.pdf |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Additional Director General of Police<br /> |ADGP<br /> |[[Additional director general of police|ADGP]]<br /> |Pay Level 15<br /> 205,400–224,400<br /> {{Small|(Higher administrative grade)}}<br /> |Head of a particular function/wing/bureau. ''e.g.:- Training, Intelligence, Law and Order, Crimes, SCRB, Armed Police Battalions, Headquarters etc.''<br /> |-<br /> |Inspector General of Police<br /> |IGP<br /> |[[Inspector general of police#India|IG]]<br /> |Pay Level 14<br /> ₹ 144,200–218,200<br /> {{Small|(Senior administrative grade)}}<br /> |Head of a police zone, or head of a division or unit within the department, Police Commissioners of Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi. ''Zones: South Zone, North Zone''<br /> |-<br /> |Deputy Inspector General of Police<br /> |DIG<br /> |[[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]]<br /> |Pay level 13A<br /> ₹ 131,100–216,600<br /> {{Small|(Super time scale)}}<br /> |Head of a police range, head of a unit within the branch or wing. ''Ranges: Thiruvananthapuramam Range, Ernakulam Range, Thrissur Range, Kannur Range.''<br /> |-<br /> |''Assistant Inspector General of Police''<br /> |''AIG''<br /> |[[Superintendent (police)#India|SP]]<br /> |<br /> * Selection Grade (Pay Level 13)<br /> <br /> ₹ 118,500–214,100<br /> <br /> * JAG Grade<br /> <br /> (Pay Level 12)<br /> <br /> ₹78,800–₹191,500<br /> <br /> |AIG is a post equivalent in rank and status to the Superintendent of Police. Typically, AIG is in charge of administrative functions at police headquarters.<br /> |-<br /> |Commandant<br /> |Cmdt.<br /> |[[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]]<br /> |<br /> * Selection Grade (Pay Level 13)<br /> <br /> ₹ 118,500–214,100<br /> <br /> * JAG Grade<br /> <br /> (Pay Level 12)<br /> <br /> ₹78,800–₹191,500<br /> |The head of an armed police [[Battalion#Indian Army|battalion]] or unit. The role involves commanding and overseeing the operations and administration of the armed police battalion.<br /> |-<br /> |District Police Chief<br /> |DPC<br /> |[[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]]<br /> |* Selection Grade (Pay Level 13)<br /> <br /> ₹ 118,500–214,100<br /> <br /> * JAG Grade<br /> <br /> (Pay Level 12)<br /> <br /> ₹78,800–₹191,500<br /> |Head of a police district: This position is held by IPS officers, and the role involves the administration, oversight, and command of the police force in a district.&lt;ref&gt;Kerala Police Act (Amendment), 2011 Chapter 4, Sec 17.[[s:Kerala Police Act, 2011|Kerala Police Act, 2011]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Deputy Commissioner of Police <br /> |DCP<br /> |[[Superintendent of police|SP]]<br /> |<br /> * Selection Grade<br /> |They are in second in command at the city police commissionerates. IPS or KPS officers.<br /> |-<br /> |Superintendent of Police (Non-IPS)<br /> |<br /> |[[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]]<br /> |₹ 81000-117600 <br /> |KPS Cadre officers.<br /> |-<br /> |''Additional Superintendent Of Police, Administration''<br /> |''(Addl.SP, Admin)''<br /> |[[Additional superintendent of police|Addl.SP]]<br /> |₹ 77400-115200<br /> |Officials in Additional SP Post were assigned to assist district police chief. This post is held by State Police Service (KPS) officers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Home dept creates Additional SP post in Kerala police |url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-1.3408412 |access-date=2022-07-02 |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |date=19 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702113130/https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-1.3408412 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Assistant Superintendent of Police <br /> |ASP<br /> |[[Assistant superintendent#India|ASP]]<br /> |₹ 56,100 -132,000<br /> |Probationary rank of IPS officers. First they are posted as the SHO of a police station and then independent charge of a police subdivision or special unit.<br /> |-<br /> |Deputy Commandant <br /> |DC<br /> |[[Addl. SP]]<br /> |₹ 77400-115200<br /> |Second In Command of an Armed Police Battalion. Armed Police Cadre.<br /> |-<br /> |Sub Divisional Police Officer<br /> |[[Sub-Divisional Police Officer|SDPO]]<br /> |[[Deputy superintendent of police|DySP]]/[[Assistant superintendent of police|ASP]]<br /> |₹45800-89000<br /> |Officer in charge of a Police Subdivision. The Sub Division is headed by SDPO in the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police [&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[State Police Services|KPS]]] or Assistant Superintendent Of Police [&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]]. Supervision of the police stations under the subdivision.<br /> |-<br /> |Deputy Superintendent of Police <br /> |DySP<br /> |[[DySP]]<br /> |<br /> * Higher Grade:<br /> <br /> ₹ 77400-115200<br /> <br /> * ₹45800-89000<br /> |They are KPS officers assigned to supervisory roles to various special units.<br /> |-<br /> |Assistant Commandant <br /> |AC<br /> |[[Deputy superintendent of police|DySP]]<br /> |₹45800-89000<br /> |They are posted to Kerala armed police cadre. Armed Police Battalions and Armed Units.<br /> |-<br /> |Inspector Station House Officer<br /> |[[Station house officer|ISHO]] / IP SHO<br /> |[[Inspector|Inspector of police]]<br /> |<br /> * Higher Grade: ₹40500-85000<br /> * ₹ 39500-83000<br /> |Officer incharge of a Police Station.<br /> Prior to 2017, the station house officer was an officer of the rank of sub inspector (SI).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Circle Inspectors to be Station House Officers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/oct/20/circle-inspectors-to-be-station-house-officers-1678237.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=The New Indian Express |date=20 October 2017 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702113129/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/oct/20/circle-inspectors-to-be-station-house-officers-1678237.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Since 2017 Circle Inspectors (CIs) take charge as station house officer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2018 |title=CIs take charge as station house officers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cis-take-charge-as-station-house-officers/articleshow/62329556.cms |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702113129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cis-take-charge-as-station-house-officers/articleshow/62329556.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the nomenclature of Circle Inspector has been changed to Inspector/SHO or simply IP (Inspector of Police).<br /> |-<br /> |Reserve Inspector/ Armed Police Inspector <br /> |RI/API<br /> |[[Inspector|IoP]]<br /> |<br /> * Higher Grade:₹40500-85000<br /> * ₹ 39500-83000<br /> |Armed Police Battalions and Armed Reserve Camps (DHQ).<br /> |-<br /> |Sub Inspector of Police (General Executive)<br /> |SI<br /> |[[Sub-inspector|SI]]<br /> |₹ 32,300-68,700<br /> |Incharge of the law and order and crime investigation of a police station. traffic enforcement, etc<br /> |-<br /> |Reserve Sub Inspector <br /> |RSI<br /> |[[Sub-inspector|SI]]<br /> |₹ 32,300-68,700<br /> |They are assigned to various district armed reserve camps.<br /> |-<br /> |Armed Police Sub Inspector <br /> |APSI<br /> |[[Sub inspector|SI]]<br /> |₹ 32,300-68,700<br /> |They are posted and assigned to various armed police battalions.<br /> |-<br /> |Driver Sub Inspector <br /> |Dvr. SI<br /> |[[Sub Inspector|SI]]<br /> |₹ 32,300-68,700<br /> |They are attached to Motor Transport Wing and Various offices.<br /> |-<br /> |Sub inspector (Telecommunication)<br /> |SI Tele<br /> |[[Sub-inspector|SI]]<br /> |₹ 32,300-68,700<br /> |Police telecommunication wing.<br /> |-<br /> |Sub Inspector (Grade)/ Assistant Sub Inspector (Grade)/Sr.Civil Police Officer (Grade).<br /> |GSI/GASI/GSCPO<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> |This grade designation, however, is more of a nomenclature to be used in official records. Head Constables and ASIs can be promoted to Assistant Sub Inspector (Grade) and Sub Inspector (Grade) respectively after 15 and 25 years of service. This designation grants them the use of the corresponding rank's insignia and uniform, maintaining their existing duties and seniority and payscale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Armed Police Assistant Sub Inspector/Reserve Assistant Sub Inspector<br /> |APASI/RASI<br /> |[[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]]<br /> |₹ 30700-65400<br /> |Armed police units.<br /> |-<br /> |Assistant Sub Inspector of Police (General Executive)<br /> |ASI<br /> |[[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]]<br /> |₹ 30700-65400<br /> |They are part of Kerala Civil Police cadre, and assigned to various local police units.<br /> |-<br /> |Senior Civil Police Officer<br /> |SCPO<br /> |[[Head constable]]<br /> |₹ 27800-59400<br /> |In 2011, the Kerala Police started using the designation Senior Civil Police Officer (SCPO) for personnel holding the rank of head constable. Constable to sub-inspector ranking personnel now belongs to the Kerala Civil Police Subordinate Service (KCP).&lt;ref name=&quot;CPO/SCPO-circular1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Director General of Police|title=Circular No. 03 /2011|url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/storage/orders/iaps/cir-03-2011.pdf|publisher=Kerala Police|access-date=9 December 2023|date=21 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CPO/SCPO-circular2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Director General of Police |title=Circular No. 01/2011 |url=https://kpcirculars.kerala.gov.in/circulars-2016/12011.html |publisher=Kpcirculars.kerala.gov.in |access-date=9 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Civil Police Officer<br /> |CPO<br /> |[[Constable]]<br /> |₹ 22200-48000<br /> |In 2011, the Kerala Police started using the designation Civil Police Officer (CPO) for personnel holding the rank of constable. Constable to sub-inspector ranking personnel now belongs to the Kerala Civil Police Subordinate Service (KCP).&lt;ref name=&quot;CPO/SCPO-circular1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CPO/SCPO-circular2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Havildar<br /> |Hdr.<br /> |[[Head constable#India|Head constable]]<br /> |₹ 27800-59400<br /> |They are assigned to armed police battalions or armed police units.<br /> |-<br /> |Police Constable (Armed)<br /> |PC<br /> |[[Constable#India|Constable]]<br /> |₹ 22200-48000<br /> |They are assigned to armed police battalion or armed police units.<br /> |-<br /> |Head constable <br /> |HC<br /> |[[Head constable]]<br /> |₹ 27800-59400<br /> |Attached to various units such as Kerala Police Academy, etc.<br /> |-<br /> |Police constable <br /> |PC<br /> |[[Constable]]<br /> |₹ 27800-59400<br /> | -<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Recruitment and Training==<br /> Recruitment is carried out through both direct recruitment and promotion-based appointments, depending on the level and nature of the position. The recruitment processes are guided by the standards of the [[Kerala Public Service Commission]] (KPSC) and the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC).<br /> <br /> '''Indian Police Service (IPS) Officers''':<br /> The [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police Service (IPS)]] is an [[All India Service]], and recruitment to it follows two primary routes:&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Direct Recruitment via UPSC:''' Candidates are selected through the Civil Services Examination conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). These officers are known as Regular Recruits (RR). After training, they are allotted to the Kerala cadre and begin their careers as [[Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)]].&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Promotion from State Police Service (SPS):'''&lt;br /&gt; <br /> A portion of the IPS cadre strength—one-third in Kerala—is filled by promotee officers from the Kerala Police Service (SPS). Eligible officers, typically at the rank of Superintendent of Police (SP), are conferred IPS rank following due consultation with the State Government, the UPSC, and the Union Government ([[Union Ministry of Home Affairs]]).<br /> <br /> Unlike many other Indian states, Kerala does not allow direct recruitment to the [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (DySP) post, which is a Group A entry-level rank in [[State Police Services]]. In Kerala, this post is filled through promotion from the rank of Inspector of Police.<br /> <br /> === Direct Recruitment by Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) ===<br /> The Kerala PSC is responsible for recruiting to subordinate ranks through competitive examinations and physical evaluations. Key posts filled by direct recruitment include:<br /> * Sub Inspector of Police (General Executive, Armed Reserve)<br /> * Civil Police Officer/Police Constable<br /> <br /> === Specialized and Technical Recruitment ===<br /> * Armed Police Sub Inspector <br /> * Police Constable (Driver, Telecommunication, etc)<br /> * Police constable (Commando Wing)<br /> <br /> === Promotion based recruitment ===<br /> Promotions are a major channel for career progression in the Kerala Police. Officers ascend through the ranks based on experience, seniority, and departmental examinations. Key promotions include:<br /> * Civil Police Officer — Senior Civil Police Officer — Assistant Sub Inspector of Police — Sub Inspector of Police <br /> * Constable — Havildar/Head Constable- Armed Police Assistant Sub Inspector - Armed Police Sub Inspector<br /> * Sub Inspector of Police — Inspector of Police - Deputy Superintendent of Police<br /> * Armed Police Sub Inspector — Armed Police Inspector — Assistant Commandant<br /> * Dy. Superintendent of Police — Additional Superintendent of Police — Superintendent of Police (non-IPS)<br /> <br /> === Recruitment under Special Quotas ===<br /> Kerala Police reserves vacancies for candidates from Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), women, ex-servicemen, and sportspersons. These groups receive relaxations in age, physical standards, and qualifying marks as per government norms to ensure equitable representation in the force.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala Public Service Commission |url=https://keralapsc.gov.in/doubts-and-facts |website=Kerala Public Service Commission |access-date=2022-09-06 |archive-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054209/https://keralapsc.gov.in/doubts-and-facts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Training===<br /> The training wing of the state police is headed by an officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP). There are two principal training institutions — the Kerala Police Academy (KEPA) in [[Thrissur]], which provides basic training for recruits, and the Police Training College (PTC) in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], which conducts advanced and in-service courses for serving personnel.<br /> <br /> Sub-inspector recruits undergo about a year of training at Kerala Police Academy. The course covers law, investigation, forensics, police station management, leadership, physical fitness, and weapons handling, preparing them to supervise personnel and manage police stations. General Executive SIs are trained in law enforcement, investigation, and station management, while Armed SIs focus on riot control, crowd management, special operations, and counter-insurgency. New recruit constables undergo their initial training in the armed police battalions, where the emphasis is on practical, field-oriented skills such as drill, weapons training, and riot control. After completing this training, they may either continue in the armed police battalions or, depending on vacancies and their willingness, be transferred to the district police through postings in the District Headquarters Camp (formerly known as the Armed Reserve Camp). On such transfer, their designation changes to Civil Police Officer (CPO), and they take up duties with the local police units.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Behera Lokanath |year=2020 |title=Institutional History of Kerala Police, Kerala Police Department |publisher=Kerala Books and Publication Society |location=Kochi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Kerala-Police-Academy-Logo.png|center|Logo of Kerala Police Academy (KEPA)|alt=Logo of Kerala Police Academy (KEPA)|thumb]]<br /> <br /> * '''Kerala Police Academy (KEPA)''':<br /> The Kerala Police Academy is headed by the Director of the rank of [[Additional Director General of Police]] (ADGP). The Director is assisted by joint directors, assistant directors, HODs, etc. The academy is situated at [[Thrissur]]. The academy will cater to the training needs of all officers of the police department including [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officers.<br /> <br /> * '''Police Training College (PTC):''' The head of Police Training College is Principal in the rank of Superintendent of Police (SP). It is situated in [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]. The Basic Training and In-service courses are key Training programmes carried out in PTC. Apart from giving Basic Training, many In-Service Courses such as Refresher courses, Re-orientation courses, Familiarization courses, Cader courses are also being undertaken at PTC. Basic training for Excise Inspectors, Forest Officers and Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspectors are also now being conducted. Training of Probationary Officers is carried out in PTC.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==List of former Police Chiefs of Kerala==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! S.No<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Date of Assumption of Charge<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Center|'''Inspector General of Police''' (IGP)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Chandrasekaran Nair<br /> |1956 – 1957<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |M Krishna Menon<br /> |1957 – 1961<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |KNR Sreenivasan Iyer<br /> |1959<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |VP Nair<br /> |1961 – 1964<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |N Rama Iyer<br /> |1964 – 1967<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |M.Gopalan<br /> |1967 – 1972<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |M. Singaravelu<br /> |1972 – 1974<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |VN Rajan<br /> |1974 – 1978<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |V Subramanian<br /> |1980<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Center|'''Director General of Police''' (DGP)}}<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |T Anantha Sankara Iyer<br /> |1978 — 1982<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |P Vijayan<br /> |1982 – 1983<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |MK Joseph<br /> |1983 – 1988<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |K John Mathai<br /> |1989<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |Raj Gopal Narayan<br /> |1988 – 1991<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |AV Venkatachalam<br /> |1991<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |C Subramaniam<br /> |1991 – 1993<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |[[Jayaram Padikkal|R Jayaram Padikkal]]<br /> |1993 – 1994<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |TV Madhusudanan<br /> |1994 – 1995<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> |KV Rajagopalan Nair<br /> |1995 – 1996<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |R Radhakrishanan<br /> |1996 – 1997<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> |M Adbul Sathar Kunju<br /> |05-06-1997 to 30-06-1997<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> |CA Chaly<br /> |30-06-1997 to 31-03-1998<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |BS Sasthri<br /> |31-03-1998 to 25-07-2000<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> |PR Chandran<br /> |26-07-2000 to 31-05-2001<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> |R Padmanabhan<br /> |31-05-2001 to 31-10-2001<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> |W Joseph Dawson<br /> |31-10-2001 to 31-01-2002<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 27<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | KJ Joseph<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 31-01-2002 to 31-05-2003<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 28<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[P K Hormese Tharakan|PK Hormese Tharakan]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 31-05-2003 to 31-01-2005<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 29<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Raman Srivastava]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-02-2005 to 30-11-2008<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Center|'''State Police Chief''' (SPC)}}<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 30<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Jacob Punnoose]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-12-2008 to 31-08-2012<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 31<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | KS Balasubramanian<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-09-2012 to 31-05-2015<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 32<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[T. P. Senkumar|TP Senkumar]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |01-06-2015 to 31-05-2016<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 33<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Lokanath Behera]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-06-2016 to 06-05-2017<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 34<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[T. P. Senkumar|TP Senkumar]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 06-05-2017 to 30-06-2017<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 35<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Lokanath Behera]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-07-2017 to 30-06-2021<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 36<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Anil Kant]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-07-2021 to 30-06-2023<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 37<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Sheikh Darvesh Saheb]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-07-2023 to 30-06-2025<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 38<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Ravada A. Chandrasekhar|Ravada Azad Chandrasekhar]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 01-07-2025 [[incumbent]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Achievements==<br /> Kerala Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] has termed Kerala Police as best in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-10-23 |title=Kerala Police best in the country |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/10/23/kerala-police-best-in-india-those-bringing-shame-to-force-will-be-punished-says-cm.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |publisher=Malayala Manorama |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023182047/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/10/23/kerala-police-best-in-india-those-bringing-shame-to-force-will-be-punished-says-cm.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021 Kerala Police bagged the National e-Governance Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala Police gets national e-governance award |url=https://english.deepika.com/Kerala.aspx?Kerala-Police-bags-National-e--Governance-Award-2021.66092 |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=English Deepika |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155540/https://english.deepika.com/Kerala.aspx?Kerala-Police-bags-National-e--Governance-Award-2021.66092 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Kerala Police has achieved several significant milestones over the years. Some of the notable achievements include:<br /> <br /> ::'''Women Police Stations''': Kerala Police was the first in the country to establish women police stations, which exclusively deal with crimes against women.<br /> <br /> ::'''Cyberdome''': Kerala Police established Cyberdome, a state-of-the-art facility for cyber security and cybercrime investigation.<br /> <br /> ::'''Janamaithri Suraksha''': Kerala Police launched the Janamaithri Suraksha Project, a community policing initiative aimed at building a relationship of trust between the police and the public.<br /> <br /> ::'''Pink Patrol''': Kerala Police launched Pink Patrol, a patrol team consisting of women police officers, to ensure the safety and security of women in public places.<br /> <br /> * The Public Affairs Index selected Kerala as the best state in 2016 and 2017 considering its excellence in law and order.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Survey places Kerala Police at top in India for efficient service |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralapolicerankstopinsurvey-1.6189645 |access-date=2022-11-10 |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |date=18 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110102529/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralapolicerankstopinsurvey-1.6189645 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * According to the grading conducted by Plan India for Women's Safety, Kerala ranks second in the country in terms of ensuring women's safety (Gender Vulnerability Index).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerala police ranked fourth in Smart Policing Index of IPF |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2021/nov/20/kerala-police-ranked-fourth-in-smart-policing-index-of-ipf-2385796.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=The New Indian Express |date=20 November 2021 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110102529/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2021/nov/20/kerala-police-ranked-fourth-in-smart-policing-index-of-ipf-2385796.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kollam City Police]] achieved [[ISO 9001]] certification for excellence in office functioning and maintaining high levels of quality control in day-to-day activities in January 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/iso-for-kollam-police-commissioner-office/article22354099.ece |title=ISO for Kollam Police Commissioner office |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030529/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/iso-for-kollam-police-commissioner-office/article22354099.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Valapatnam Police Station has been selected as one of the top ten police stations in the country based on the inspection and study of the Union [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. The handling of criminal cases, effective implementation of anti-drug activities and public involvement of the police helped the Valapatanam police station to achieve this achievement.<br /> * COPS Today International, a journal published by the Foundation for Research, recently honored Kerala Police's Community Policing Program Janmaitri Police Project with the Police Excellence Award.<br /> <br /> == Police associations ==<br /> The Kerala Police comprises four staff organizations:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Kerala Police Officers Association accuses senior IPS officers of holding back promotions - ET Government |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/kerala-police-officers-association-accuses-senior-ips-officers-of-holding-back-promotions/80134623 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * IPS Association (Kerala chapter)<br /> * Kerala Police Senior Officers Association (KPSOA)&lt;br /&gt;(for Deputy Superintendents of Police and Superintendents of Police – Non-IPS).<br /> * Kerala Police Officers Association (KPOA)&lt;br /&gt;(for ranks from Assistant Sub-Inspector to Inspector of Police)<br /> * Kerala Police Association (KPA) &lt;br /&gt;(for Civil Police Officers and Senior Civil Police Officers)<br /> <br /> <br /> District-wise Staff Councils and a State Staff Council are formed with nominated members from these three bodies. Their primary objectives are grievance redressal, improvement of service conditions, and coordination of welfare measures.<br /> <br /> ==Statistics==<br /> As of 1 January 2024, data published by [[Bureau of Police Research and Development|BPRD]], the sanctioned strength of the Kerala Police was 61,692, comprising 50,488 Civil Police, 10,020 Special Armed Police, and 1,184 personnel in [[India Reserve Battalion|India Reserve Battalions]] (IRB). The actual strength was 54,939, with 46,907 Civil Police, 7,017 Special Armed Police, and 1,015 IRB personnel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Data on Police Organisations 2024 (BPRD) |url=https://bprd.nic.in/uploads/pdf/Data on Police Organizations (2024)_ (14-07-25) All.pdf |website=BPRD, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The police-population ratio in Kerala was 172 per lakh population (actual), with civil police alone at 131 per lakh. Each police officer covered approximately 581 people, and one police officer was responsible for 653 sq km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Kerala has 565 sanctioned police stations, and the state maintains good transport facilities with approximately 11 vehicles per 100 police personnel.<br /> <br /> The strength of women police in Kerala was 4,334, accounting for about 7.9% of total police personnel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Controversies ==<br /> Kerala Police has faced several controversies over the years. Some of the notable controversies include allegations of [[custodial death]]s, where suspects died in police custody,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nedukandam-custodial-death-action-against-5-cops/article34700274.ece | title=Nedumkandam custodial death: Action against 5 cops | newspaper=The Hindu | date=June 2021 | access-date=2023-03-09 | archive-date=2023-03-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309082126/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nedukandam-custodial-death-action-against-5-cops/article34700274.ece | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; fake [[encounter killing]]s, where suspects were killed in fake encounters,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/velmurugan-was-killed-in-fake-encounter-family/articleshow/79048237.cms | title=Kerala: Maoist a Velmurugan was killed in fake encounter, claims family | newspaper=The Times of India | date=5 November 2020 | access-date=9 March 2023 | archive-date=16 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116011508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/velmurugan-was-killed-in-fake-encounter-family/articleshow/79048237.cms | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[police brutality]], where suspects were subjected to excessive force during arrest or interrogation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/false-accusation-third-grade-treatment-police-officers-transferred-for-torturing-bothers-in-kollam-1.7972510 | title=False accusation, third grade treatment: Police officers transferred for torturing bothers in Kollam |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |date=19 October 2022 | access-date=9 March 2023 | archive-date=9 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309082132/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/false-accusation-third-grade-treatment-police-officers-transferred-for-torturing-bothers-in-kollam-1.7972510 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There have been several allegations of irregularities and brutalities by Kerala Police officials.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title= Why Kerala Police remains a problem for Pinarayi Govt |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-kerala-police-remains-a-problem-for-pinarayi-s-government-1882202-2021-11-29 |date= |access-date= 2021-11-30 |publisher= India Today |language= en |archive-date= 2021-11-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211129180719/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-kerala-police-remains-a-problem-for-pinarayi-s-government-1882202-2021-11-29 |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kerala Police has been accused of failure in curbing violence&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title= State Police failed to curb violence |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-police-failed-to-curb-violence-during-pfi-hartal-says-muraleedharan/article65931009.ece |date= 2022-09-24 |access-date= 2022-10-30 |publisher= India Today |language= en |archive-date= 2022-10-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155536/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-police-failed-to-curb-violence-during-pfi-hartal-says-muraleedharan/article65931009.ece |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and failure to act on intelligence reports.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title= Police failure despite intelligence alerts |url= https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/07/06/police-failure-despite-intel-alert-says-adgp-report-on-rahul-off.html |date= 2022-07-06 |access-date= 2022-10-30 |publisher= Malayala Manorama |language= en |archive-date= 2022-10-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155536/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/07/06/police-failure-despite-intel-alert-says-adgp-report-on-rahul-off.html |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kerala Police was criticized for its failure to control the event of [[2014 Kiss of Love protest]] against [[Moral Police|moral policing]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2014 |title=Police behaved in a partisan way, says CPM leader |url=http://freepressjournal.in/police-behaved-in-a-partisan-way-says-cpm-leader/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202031334/http://freepressjournal.in/police-behaved-in-a-partisan-way-says-cpm-leader/ |archive-date=2 December 2014 |website=The Free Press Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/kiss-of-love-kerala-govts-first-mistake-was-siding-with-moral-hooligans-1785389.html|title=Kiss of Love: Kerala govt's first mistake was siding with moral hooligans|work=Firstpost|date=3 November 2014|access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Police allowed counter-protesters—who included members of Shiv Sena, SDPI, and Bajrang Dal—to attack the protest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kerala-at-least-50-taken-into-custody-for-organising-kiss-of-love/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102173131/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kerala-at-least-50-taken-into-custody-for-organising-kiss-of-love/|archive-date=2 November 2014|title=At least 50 taken into custody for organising Kochi 'kiss of love' protest|work=The Indian Express|access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although they attempted to physically stop the Kiss of Love protesters from legally protesting, none of the counter protesters were removed.&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kiss-of-love-movement-They-came-dared-the-mob-did-it/articleshow/45016955.cms|title='Kiss of love' movement: They came, dared the mob, did it|work=The Times of India|date=3 November 2014 |access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Police later claimed that they arrested the Kiss of Love protesters to save the protesters' lives.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/We-took-kiss-of-love-activists-into-custody-to-save-their-lives/articleshow/45043053.cms: |title= We took kiss of love activists into custody to save their lives|website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401011611/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/We-took-kiss-of-love-activists-into-custody-to-save-their-lives/articleshow/45043053.cms |archive-date=2016-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Police brutality===<br /> # '''Nedumkandam Custodial Death (2019)''' Rajkumar, a 49-year-old financial agent, died in custody after being allegedly tortured over four days by Idukki police. The incident led to arrests of police officers and judicial inquiry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-02-04 |title=CBI chargesheets nine in Nedungandam custodial murder case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cbi-chargesheets-nine-in-nedungandam-custodial-murder-case/article33751510.ece |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # '''Varapuzha Custodial Death (2018)''' In April 2018, 29-year-old Sreejith died allegedly due to police torture in custody at [[Varappuzha|Varapuzha]] Police Station. He had reportedly been assaulted by officers in plain clothes before being taken into custody.The then District Police Chief (Ernakulam Rural) was also suspended after an initial transfer, but later reinstated. Seven police personnel were suspended, and an unofficial squad called the &quot;Rural Tiger Force&quot;—involved in the incident—was disbanded. All officers were reinstated after eight months based on the [[Special Investigation Team (India)|SIT]] report stating that their reinstatement would not affect the investigation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2018-12-26 |title=Varapuzha custody murder: 7 suspended cops reinstated |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/varapuzha-custody-murder-7-suspended-cops-reinstated/article25835036.ece |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # '''Tanur custodial death case''': A man arrested in a drug case at [[Tanur, Malappuram]] died in police custody.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-08-01 |title=Man held with MDMA dies in police custody at Tanur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/man-held-with-mdma-dies-in-police-custody-at-tanur/article67146938.ece |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Police initially claimed he had swallowed a packet containing drugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Thamir Jifri died after swallowing drug packet', family to approach CBI on SP Sujith Das's leaked voice clip |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/09/02/thamir-jifri-custodial-death-sujith-das-leaked-clip.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website='Thamir Jifri died after swallowing drug packet', family to approach CBI on SP Sujith Das's leaked voice clip |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The case was first investigated by the State Crime Branch, but after a [[Kerala High Court|High Court]] plea by the family, it was transferred to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]], which later arrested four Kerala Police personnel from an unofficial squad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2024-05-04 |title=Tanur custodial death case: CBI arrests four Kerala Police officials |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/tanur-custodial-death-case-cbi-arrests-four-kerala-police-officials/article68138871.ece |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=CBI Arrests 4 Kerala Cops In Case Linked To 30-Year-Old Man's Custodial Death |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cbi-arrests-4-kerala-cops-in-case-linked-to-30-year-old-mans-custodial-death-5587412 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241207180628/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cbi-arrests-4-kerala-cops-in-case-linked-to-30-year-old-mans-custodial-death-5587412 |archive-date=2024-12-07 |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Toby |date=2023-09-21 |title=CBI charges 4 police officers with murder in Tanur custodial death |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Sep/21/cbi-charges-4-police-officers-with-murder-in-tanur-custodial-death-2616778.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Department of Home (Kerala)]]<br /> * [[Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau|Kerala Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau]]<br /> * [[Kerala Prisons and Correctional Services]]<br /> * [[Kerala Thunderbolts]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|keralapolice.gov.in}}<br /> <br /> {{commons category}}<br /> {{Law enforcement agencies of India}}<br /> {{Kerala}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kerala Police]]<br /> [[Category:Year of establishment missing]]<br /> [[Category:State law enforcement agencies of India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghazipur,_Firozabad&diff=500397 2026-03-10T00:15:49Z

<p>Aranyam: started data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{other uses|Ghazipur (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Ghazipur<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Firozabad block Ghazipur.png<br /> | map_caption = Map showing Ghazipur in Firozabad block<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.12506|N|78.42101|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 0.952<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 1697<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = <br /> | demographics1_title1 = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Ghazipur''' ({{IAST|Ghāzīpur}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located just to the southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,697, in 304 households.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Ghazipur is located just southeast of Firozabad, along a rural road heading southeast toward [[Jamalpur, Firozabad|Jamalpur]] and then [[Balchandpur]].&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt; The Firozabad Distributary canal is located just to the east of Ghazipur.&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt; Other than that, the surrounding area is basically all level farmland.&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Survey of India map G44A8&quot;&gt;{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> As of 2011, Ghazipur had a population of 1,697, in 304 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;{{rp|119}} This population was 52.0% male (883) and 48.0% female (814).&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 110 --&gt; The 0–6 age group numbered 269 (140 male and 129 female), making up 15.9% of the total population.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 110 --&gt; 207 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 12.2% of the total.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 111 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 B&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|110–1}}<br /> <br /> The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Ghazipur (as &quot;Gazipur&quot;) as having a population of 775 people (418 male and 357 female), in 104 households and 100 physical houses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village &amp; Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|194-5}}<br /> <br /> The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Ghazipur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 530 people (302 male and 228 female), in 86 households and 73 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 238 acres.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|xciv}}<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> As of 2011, Ghazipur had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 119-20 --&gt; Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 121 --&gt; The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 122, 4 --&gt; Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 123 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|119–24}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Firozabad district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simpallag_Innondh_Love_Story&diff=535969 2026-03-03T21:34:39Z

<p>Aranyam: adding article.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2016 Kannada romantic-comedy road film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Simpllag Innondh Love Story<br /> | image = Simpallag_innondh_love_story_xlg.jpg<br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = [[Suni (director)|Suni]]<br /> | producer = [[Ashu Bedra]]<br /> | writer = Suni<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|*[[Praveen Tej]]<br /> * [[Meghana Gaonkar]]}}<br /> | music = [[Bharath BJ]]<br /> | cinematography = Darshan Kanaka<br /> | editing = Sachin B. Ravi<br /> | studio = Ashu Bedra Venture <br /> | distributor = Horizon Studio Release<br /> | released = {{film date|2016|03|11|df=yes|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/simpallag-innondh-love-story-movie-review-live-audience-response-670260|title='Simpallag Innondh Love Story' movie review: Live audience response|first=Prakash|last=Upadhyaya|date=11 March 2016|website=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=6 July 2020|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221125533/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/simpallag-innondh-love-story-movie-review-live-audience-response-670260|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = 142 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Simpallag-Innondh-Love-Story/movie-review/51370441.cms|title=SIMPALLAG INNONDH LOVE STORY MOVIE REVIEW|publisher=Times Of India|date=11 March 2016|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706183315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/simpallag-innondh-love-story/movie-review/51370441.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Simpllag Innondh Love Story''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada-language]] romantic-comedy [[road film]] written and directed by [[Suni (director)|Suni]] and featuring stars [[Praveen Tej]], [[Meghana Gaonkar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120316/simpallag-innond-love-story-movie-review-a-journey-driven-by-dialogues.html|title=Simpallag Innond Love Story movie review: A journey driven by dialogues|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707103742/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120316/simpallag-innond-love-story-movie-review-a-journey-driven-by-dialogues.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the [[spiritual successor]] of directors debut venture ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]'' (2013).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.raveeshkumar.com/2016/03/simple-aag-innondh-love-story-review.html|title=Simple Aag Innondh Love Story Review|publisher=Ee Prapancha by raveeshkumar|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707103741/https://www.raveeshkumar.com/2016/03/simple-aag-innondh-love-story-review.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/simple-aaginnond-love-story.html|title=Simple Aaginnond Love Story|website=filmibeat|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707112655/https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/simple-aaginnond-love-story.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/simpallag-innondh-love-story/movie-review/51370441.cms|title=Simpallag Innondh Love Story Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Simpallag Innondh Love Story by Times of India|via=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/22/two-hands-must-come-together-for-a--good-applause-1734802.html|title=Two hands must come together for a good applause-Suni|website=New Indian Express|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708031020/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/22/two-hands-must-come-together-for-a--good-applause-1734802.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The plot revolves around a love story of two characters, with completely different personalities, who share a road journey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/mar/12/simplag-innondu-love-story-simply-engaging-910520.html|title=Simplag Innondu Love Story 'Simply' Engaging|website=New Indian Express|date=12 March 2016|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707103744/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/mar/12/Simplag-Innondu-Love-Story-Simply-Engaging-910520.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> {{More plot|section|date=July 2020}}<br /> Kush, Kushi, and Push are born on the same day, at the same time and in the same hospital. While Kushi's father settles in Karwar, the families of Kush and Push end up as neighbors and run their traditional businesses.<br /> <br /> Kushi completes her education in Bangalore and is ready to head back to Karwar. Push is now settled with a job, while Kush is a carefree person. Push's father wants him to marry Kushi, but Push rejects the proposal without even seeing her photo. The proposal then goes to Kush's father, who readily agrees without knowing the name or face of the girl.<br /> <br /> After seeing Kushi's photo, Push regrets his decision. He gets Kush to withdraw his decision, by showing him a photo of a different person. He thereafter reverses his decision and agrees to marry Kushi. <br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Kush leaves his house, with his sidekick Tube(aka Govinda), on a stolen test-drive car. He accidentally meets Kushi while she is waiting for a bus to Karwar. He introduces himself as a business tycoon going to Goa via Karwar and suggests her to accompany him, saying that there is a bus strike. She agrees as she is in a hurry to meet her father for a scheduled program. <br /> <br /> What happens next is the crux of the story.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Praveen Tej]] as Kush&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/Praveen-Tej-gets-street-smart-in-his-next-Kannada-film/articleshow/53451075.cms|title=Praveen Tej gets street-smart in his next Kannada film|website=Times Of India|accessdate=27 May 2020|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203105228/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/Praveen-Tej-gets-street-smart-in-his-next-Kannada-film/articleshow/53451075.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Meghana Gaonkar]] as Kushi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120316/simpallag-innond-love-story-movie-review-a-journey-driven-by-dialogues.html|title=Simpallag Innond Love Story movie review: A journey driven by dialogues|date=12 March 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=6 July 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707103742/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120316/simpallag-innond-love-story-movie-review-a-journey-driven-by-dialogues.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Master Hemanth as Govinda aka Tube<br /> * Vijeth as Push <br /> * [[Padmaja Rao]] as Parvathi, Kush's mother <br /> * Mangalore Suresh as Kushi's father <br /> * Chidanand as Car showroom manager<br /> * Raksha Shenoy <br /> * Ravi Bhat as Pranesh, Kush's father <br /> * Shiva Manju as Govinda's father <br /> * Shimoga Bhaskar as Push's father<br /> *Sheelam M Swamy<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> Songs composed by [[Bharath B. J.|Bharath BJ]] and released under label of [[Lahari Music]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/simpallag-innondh-love-story|title=Simpallag Innondh Love Story Songs|accessdate=25 May 2020|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710075431/https://gaana.com/album/simpallag-innondh-love-story|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Simple agi innond love story<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Bharath B. J.]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Soundtrack cover<br /> | released = 18 February 2016<br /> | recorded = 2015<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio = Ashu Bedra Venture <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 27:11<br /> | label = [[Lahari Music]]<br /> | producer =<br /> | prev_title =[[Plus (film)|Plus]]<br /> | prev_year = 2015<br /> | next_title =[[Beautiful Manasugalu]]<br /> | next_year = 2017<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tracklist'''<br /> {{Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Sevanthige Chendinanthe<br /> | extra1 = [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Manasa Holla, Oscar Aloysus<br /> | length1 = 4:15<br /> | lyrics1 = Pramod Ganesh <br /> | title2 = Ellu Maarada Hridaya<br /> | extra2 = Chethan Gandharva<br /> | length2 = 4:30<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Suni (director)|Simple Suni]]<br /> | title3 = Thusu Preethiya<br /> | extra3 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Palak Muchhal]]<br /> | length3 = 4:52<br /> | lyrics3 = Siddhu Kodipura<br /> | title4 = Naane Bareda Nanna Kathege<br /> | extra4 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]<br /> | length4 = 3: 10<br /> | lyrics4 = Simple Suni<br /> | title5 = Simpallag Innondh Love Story<br /> | extra5 = [[Bharath B. J.|B J Bharath]]<br /> | length5 = 3:14<br /> | lyrics5 = Pramod Ganesh <br /> | title6 = Naane Bareda Nanna Kathege<br /> | extra6 = Aravind, Anuradha Bhat<br /> | length6 = 3:30<br /> | lyrics6 = Simple Suni<br /> | title7 = Ellu Maarada Hridaya (Remix)<br /> | extra7 = Chethan Gandharva<br /> | length7 = 4:40<br /> | lyrics7 = Simple Suni<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt5537746}}<br /> <br /> {{Suni (director)}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Simplallag Innondh Love Story}}<br /> [[Category:2016 films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Suni]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruppur_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=456139 2026-03-03T14:27:56Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = LS<br /> | name = Tiruppur<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | map_image = tiruppur lok sabha constituency.png<br /> | map_caption = Tiruppur constituency, post-2008 delimitation<br /> | established = 2008<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br /> | mp = [[K. Subbarayan]]<br /> | preceded_by = [[V. Sathyabama]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | assembly_cons = [[Perundurai Assembly constituency|Perundurai]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bhavani Assembly constituency|Bhavani]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anthiyur Assembly constituency|Anthiyur]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gobichettipalayam Assembly constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tiruppur North Assembly constituency|Tiruppur North]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tiruppur South Assembly constituency|Tiruppur South]]<br /> | electors = 15,29,836&lt;ref&gt;[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf GE 2009 Statistical Report: Constituency Wise Detailed Result]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tiruppur''' is a Lok Sabha constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 18 of 39. Originally, [[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]], it was converted to Tiruppur by Election commission after rearrangement of constituencies in 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://election.rediff.com/report/2009/may/07/loksabhapoll-the-constituency-where-waste-is-the-biggest-issue.htm The constituency where waste is the biggest issue]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> <br /> ===2009-present===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> ! width=&quot;50px&quot; style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot; |Constituency number<br /> ! width=&quot;200px&quot; |Name<br /> ! width=&quot;100px&quot; style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot; |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)<br /> ! width=&quot;150px&quot; |District<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024 Lead<br /> |-<br /> |103<br /> |[[Perundurai Assembly constituency|Perundurai]]<br /> |None<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Erode district|Erode]]<br /> |{{party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> |104<br /> |[[Bhavani Assembly constituency|Bhavani]]<br /> |None<br /> |-<br /> |105<br /> |[[Anthiyur Assembly constituency|Anthiyur]]<br /> |None<br /> |{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |106<br /> |[[Gobichettipalayam Assembly constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]<br /> |None<br /> |{{party name with color|Casual vacancy}}<br /> |-<br /> |113<br /> |[[Tiruppur North Assembly constituency|Tiruppur North]]<br /> |None<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]<br /> |{{party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |114<br /> |[[Tiruppur South Assembly constituency|Tiruppur South]]<br /> |None<br /> |{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Winner !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1951–52 Indian general election|1951]] || [[T. S. Avinashilingam]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|''1957-2009 : See [[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]''}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Indian general election|2009]] || [[C. Sivasamy]] || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] || [[V. Sathyabama]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Indian general election|2019]] || rowspan=2|[[K. Subbarayan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=General elections to the 17th Lok Sabha, 2019 - List of members elected|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10277-general-election-to-the-17th-lok-sabha-2019-list-of-members-elected/|page=26|format=PDF|publisher=Election Commission of India|date=25 May 2019|accessdate=2 June 2019|location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of Winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2024|2024]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|41.38}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2019|2019]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|45.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2014|2014]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.73}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2009|2009]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.92}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1951|1951]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.45}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === General Elections 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: Tiruppur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[K. Subbarayan]]|party=Communist Party of India |votes= 472,739|percentage=41.38|change={{decrease}}4.22}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. Arunachalam|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=346,811|percentage=30.35|change={{decrease}}6.88}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=A. P. Muruganatham|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=185,322|percentage=16.22|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Seetha Lakshmi|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=95,726|percentage=8.38|change={{increase}}4.60}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=17,737|percentage=1.55|change={{decrease}}0.41}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= 125,928|percentage= 11.02|change={{decrease}}2.65 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,142,549|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change =}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General Elections 2019===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Indian general election]]: Tiruppur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Subbarayan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,08,725 |percentage=45.60 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[M. S. M. Anandan]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=4,15,357|percentage=37.23|change=-5.50}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=V. S. Chandirakumar|party=Makkal Needhi Maiam|votes=64,657|percentage=5.80|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=S. R. Selvam|party=Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam|votes=43,816|percentage=3.93|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. Jaganathan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=42,189|percentage=3.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=21,861|percentage=1.96|change=+0.61}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=C. Ayyanar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=7,321|percentage=0.66|change=}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=93,368 |percentage=8.37 |change=-8.94 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=11,15,693|percentage=73.21|change=-2.41}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,30,014 |change =11.23 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.87 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General Elections 2014===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Indian general election]]: Tiruppur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. Sathyabama]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,42,778 |percentage=42.73 |change=+2.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Dinesh Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,63,463 |percentage=25.42 |change=+13.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Senthilnathan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,05,411 |percentage=19.82 |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,554 |percentage=4.59 |change=-23.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Subbarayan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=33,331 |percentage=3.22 |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=13,941 |percentage=1.35 |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,79,315 |percentage=17.30 |change=+5.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=10,36,249 |percentage=76.38 |change=+0.78 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,75,589 |change =+38.42 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= +2.81 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General Elections 2009===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]]: Tiruppur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. Sivasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,95,731 |percentage=39.92 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. K. Kharventhan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,10,385 |percentage=28.40 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Balasubramanian |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=95,299 |percentage=12.86 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Dinesh Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=86,933 |percentage=11.73 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sivakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,466 |percentage=1.55 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Pandian Alais Kalaimagal Pandian |party=Independent politician |votes=10,356 |percentage=1.40 |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=85,346 |percentage=11.52 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,40,857 |percentage=74.64 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,93,758 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General Elections 1951===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1951–52 Indian general election]]: Tiruppur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. S. Avinashilingam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,17,630 |percentage=56.45% |change=56.45% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Venkatachalam]] |party=Independent politician |votes=90,745 |percentage=43.55% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,885 |percentage=12.90% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=2,08,375 |percentage=56.74% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,67,261 |change =0.00% }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/tiruppur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Tiruppur lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coord|11.1|77.4|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tiruppur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Tiruppur district]]<br /> [[Category:Erode district]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darling_(2015_Indian_film)&diff=446112 2026-03-03T03:33:15Z

<p>Aranyam: content fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2015 Indian film directed by Sam Anton}}<br /> {{Unreliable sources|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Darling<br /> | image = Darling_Movie_Poster.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- see WP:ALT --&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Sam Anton]]<br /> | producer = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Allu Aravind]]<br /> *K. E. Gnanavel Raja<br /> }}<br /> | writer = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Maruthi]]<br /> *[[Sam Anton]]<br /> }}<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> *[[Nikki Galrani]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | cinematography = Krishnan Vasant<br /> | editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]<br /> | studio = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Geetha Arts]]<br /> *[[Studio Green]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = [[Dream Factory (distributor)|Dream Factory]] &lt;br /&gt;<br /> Khafa Exports (Overseas)<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|01|15}}<br /> | runtime = 126 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs. No IMDb. No public records. See WP:BLPPRIVACY, WP:RS and WP:UGC--&gt;{{INRConvert|10|c|year=2015}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ig1&quot; /&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs. No IMDb. No public records. See WP:BLPPRIVACY, WP:RS and WP:UGC--&gt;{{INRConvert|32|c|year=2015}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ig1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 December 2015 |title=10 BLOCKBUSTER TAMIL FILMS OF 2015 |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/blockbuster-tamil-films-of-2015-tamil-news-149525.html |website=Indiaglitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Darling''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror comedy]] film directed by [[Sam Anton]] in his directoral debut and is produced by [[Allu Aravind]] and [[Studio Green|K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]. The film features composer [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] in his acting debut, [[Nikki Galrani]] in her Tamil debut in the lead roles, with the former also composing the film's music. A remake of the 2013 Telugu film ''[[Prema Katha Chitram]]'', the film was released in theaters on 15 January 2015. It was a hit at the box office.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Kathir, Nisha and Kumaran plan to commit suicide together because they feel like failures. However, they want to fulfill their last wishes before doing so. Nisha wants to steal a new car, and Kathir wants to slap the local MLA in his own house.<br /> <br /> After Nisha and Kathir fulfill their last wishes, the trio escape from the police and flee to a nearby resort. There, they find Athisaya Raj, who also wishes to commit suicide, and he joins them as they travel to a farmhouse. Once they arrive, Kumaran and Nisha plan to postpone their suicides for three days in order to prevent Kathir's suicide, as Nisha has fallen in love with him.<br /> <br /> Their plan succeeds, and in those three days, the four get close to each other. Kathir develops feelings for Nisha, but hesitates to tell her in fear of humiliation. At the end of the third day, Kumaran asks Nisha to kiss Kathir to divert him from suicide. He meanwhile requests that Kathir kisses Nisha, telling him that Nisha wants to experience her first kiss before dying. Kathir accepts, with shame and shyness.<br /> <br /> As Kathir tries to kiss Nisha, a ghost enters her body, forcing Kathir away. Flabbergasted, Kathir runs out of the room. Whenever Nisha reveals her feelings to Kathir and he responds by hugging or touching her, the ghost enters her body and scares Kathir away. Unaware of the ghost, Nisha grows depressed.<br /> <br /> When Kumaran hears Kathir describing Nisha as a ghost, he rushes to Nisha's room to scold her and tell her to apologize to Kathir, only for the ghost to enter her body and thrash him. That night, Raj too experiences the ghost's fury at its villainous worst. The trio decides to distance themselves from Nisha and to always stay together.<br /> <br /> The next morning, they try to get the ghost to leave Nisha's body, and call upon Ghost Gopal Varma, an exorcist. However, the ghost thrashes him as well. Afterwards, Kathir brings up the courage to ask the ghost why she is taking vengeance on them, and the ghost narrates her story to the trio. She is Shruthi, and she came to the same farmhouse with her newlywed husband, Shiva. Four men entered the farmhouse and raped her before killing the two of them.<br /> <br /> Kathir is emotionally touched, but before he could help the ghost, Nisha, deducing the presence of the ghost from the avoidance of the other three, slit her wrist to make Kathir get rid of Shruthi. Kathir, seeing this, brought her out of the house to get her to the hospital, but he is interrupted by the four men who raped Shruthi. Kathir put up a fight, but in vain. Shruthi, unable to use her powers due to the slit wrist, calls for her husband, who possesses Kathir and fights the five men.<br /> <br /> The film ends with Kathir and Nisha hugging in the kitchen. The glass door shows Shruthi's and Shiva's reflection, showing that their ghosts are still inside the house.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] as Kathirvelan aka Kathir<br /> * [[Nikki Galrani]] as Nisha<br /> * [[Bala Saravanan]] as James Kumaran<br /> * [[Karunas]] as Athisaya Raj (Athisayam)<br /> * [[Rajendran]] as Ghost Gopal Varma (Guest appearance)<br /> * [[Kalaiyarasan]] as Shiva<br /> * Vanitha Hariharan as Sruthi, Shiva's wife and Ghost<br /> * [[Srushti Dange]] as Swathi, Kathir's Ex-Girlfriend<br /> * Rajeev Karattil as Doctor<br /> * KPY Ramar as Journalist<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film marks the return of Telugu film producer [[Allu Aravind]] to the Tamil film industry after 25 years,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 August 2014 |title=Allu Aravind's comeback Tamil movie |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/allu-aravind-chages-the-plans-for-gv-prakash.html |work=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and he collaborates with K. E. Gnanavel Raja of [[Studio Green]], who works outside the production house for the first time. The film was distributed by Dream Factory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Un Vizhigalil Song Lyrics from Darling &amp;#124; Paatuvarigal |url=http://www.paatuvarigal.com/2014/11/un-vizhigalil-song-lyrics-from-darling.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113053139/http://www.paatuvarigal.com/2014/11/un-vizhigalil-song-lyrics-from-darling.html |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=26 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team features a predominantly new technical crew with director [[Sam Anton]] making his debut, by choosing to remake the Telugu horror film ''[[Prema Katha Chitram]]'' (2013). [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] was signed on to play the lead role and compose the music, and the film was completed and will release earlier than his two other ongoing projects which had started earlier, ''[[Pencil (film)|Pencil]]'' and ''Trisha Illana Nayantara''. [[Nikki Galrani]] and Srushti were also signed on to play pivotal roles, with the shoot of the film being completed in just over a month's time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 January 2015 |title=Darling Shoot completed in just over a month's time |url=http://thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-nikki-galrani/article6775346.ece/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507171741/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-nikki-galrani/article6775346.ece |archive-date=7 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> Soundtrack was also composed by the lead actor [[G.V. Prakash Kumar]] while lyrics were written by [[Na. Muthukumar]] and [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]. The album was released at Suryan FM Studios on 26 November 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Darling:Audio release |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gv-prakashs-darling-audio-date-tamil-news-119365 |work=Indiaglitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Behindwoods rated the album 2.7 out of 5 and called it &quot;Melancholic GV&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Darling songs: Melancholic |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/darling/darling-songs-review.html |work=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibtimes reviewed the album as one of the finest of his career and opined that the album consists of different genres of music sung by versatile singers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Darling:Songs review |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/darling-music-review-round-finest-by-gv-prakash-audio-615370 |work=IBtimes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indiaglitz rated 2.5 out of 5 and called it &quot;middling album with two gorgeous melodies&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Darling songs:Review |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/19089.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020143931/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/19089.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |work=Indiaglitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Darling<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2014<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 28:16<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Eros Music]]<br /> | producer = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Irumbu Kuthirai]]<br /> | prev_year = 2014<br /> | next_title = [[Ugly (film)|Ugly]]<br /> | next_year = 2014<br /> }}<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 28:16<br /> | title1 = Vandha Mala<br /> | extra1 = [[Gaana Bala]], [[Karunas]], [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Arunraja Kamaraj<br /> | length1 = 4:06<br /> | title2 = Unnale<br /> | extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]<br /> | length2 = 5:45<br /> | title3 = Sattena Idi Mazhai<br /> | extra3 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Na. Muthukumar<br /> | length3 = 4:17<br /> | title4 = Un Vizhigalil<br /> | extra4 = [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Na. Muthukumar<br /> | length4 = 5:04<br /> | title5 = Anbe Anbe<br /> | extra5 = G. V. Prakash Kumar<br /> | lyrics5 = Na. Muthukumar<br /> | length5 = 6:16<br /> | title6 = The Dead are Back<br /> | extra6 = Theme Music<br /> | length6 = 2:40<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. The film released on 15 January 2015 coinciding with [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] in over 400 screens worldwide alongside [[S. Shankar]]'s ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' and [[Sundar C]]'s ''[[Aambala]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Preview of Pongal 2015 releases |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/preview-of-pongal-2015-releases-news-tamil-pbnoztjeidaha.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114031136/http://www.sify.com/movies/preview-of-pongal-2015-releases-news-tamil-pbnoztjeidaha.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Sify.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The response from the audience made the theatre owners to increase the number of screens from amidst the heavy competition from [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s [[I (2015 film)|I]] and [[Sundar.C]]'s [[Aambala]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br /> <br /> ==Critical reception==<br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;Darling is actually a remake of the Telugu film, Prema Katha Chitram, but debutant director Sam Anton ensures that it works very well in this setting as well&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Darling Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Darling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/darling/movie-review/45906280.cms |access-date=16 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sify]] called ''Darling'' &quot;an entertaining comic-horror flick with some good writing and performances&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Darling Review |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/darling-review-tamil-15058844.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117124334/http://www.sify.com/movies/darling-review-tamil-15058844.html |archive-date=17 January 2015 |access-date=16 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] wrote, that it was &quot;better than its original for the simple reason that it manages to entertain with a new set of actors&quot;, going on to add, &quot;Despite its flaws, ''Darling'' turns out to be a crowd-pleasing tale of horror. While there aren't many thrills to send chills down your spine, the comedy gives you company throughout&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 January 2015 |title='Darling' a crowd-pleasing tale of horror (Tamil Movie Review) |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/darling-a-crowd-pleasing-tale-of-horror-tamil-movie-review-115011600570_1.html |access-date=16 November 2021 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Behindwoods gave 2.75 out of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Darling'' is an entertainer and can make an enjoyable Pongal outing for people who enjoy scary teasers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Darling (aka) Darling review |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/darling/darling-review.html |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[The Hindu]] wrote, &quot;The problem with ''Darling'' is that despite the jokes coming thick and fast, the story seems tedious...while the scenes, for the major part, are admittedly funny, you can’t wait to move on. On some level, you also know that a back story of the ghost is waiting. And even as you break into occasional laughter, you are twiddling your thumbs in impatience, waiting for it&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=16 January 2015 |title=Darling: A familiar ghost serves as humour fodder, again |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/darling-a-familiar-ghost-serves-as-humour-fodder-again/article6794215.ece |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The two awesome melodies reached audista tamiltop10 from the day of release of soundtracks&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil Top10 &amp;#124; audista |url=http://www.audista.com/tamiltop10/2015-W2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207091915/http://www.audista.com/tamiltop10/2015-W2 |archive-date=7 February 2015 |access-date=7 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Box-office==<br /> * It was successfully completed over 50-day at the [[Kollywood]] Industry, and went on to become [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|Blockbuster]] hit at [[India]]n box-office, collecting over ₹32 crore (US$4.8 million) against a budget of ₹10 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;ig1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil film 'Darling' became one of the biggest blockbuster hit in Tamil cinema by completing 365-day and collected over 50 crore |url=http://www.cinebilla.com/kollywood/profiles/actress/nikki-galrani/ |website=Cinebilla.com |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028152511/http://www.cinebilla.com/kollywood/profiles/actress/nikki-galrani/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Unreliable source?|date=May 2020}}<br /> <br /> ==Sequel==<br /> A sequel named ''[[Darling 2]]'' was released on 1 April 2016. It received negative reviews from critics&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Darling 2 movie Poster - Photos |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/darling-2-movie-poster-4280-slide-38824 |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Ibtimes.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> The song &quot;Vandha Mala&quot; inspired a film of the same name.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=August 30, 2015 |title=Not getting into politics: Vishal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/not-getting-into-politics-vishal/article7596047.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Sam Anton}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2015 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Sam Anton]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> [[Category:Geetha Arts films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]<br /> [[Category:Studio Green films]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaikondrahalli_inscriptions_and_hero_stones&diff=507397 2026-02-27T21:06:37Z

<p>Aranyam: added a details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=November 2024}}}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Coord|12.91069|N|77.6807|E|type:landmark|display=title}}<br /> [[File:Digital Image of the Kaikondrahalli 900CE Ereyanga Vadaraga Herostone with Inscription.png|thumb|404x404px|The Kaikondrahalli 900CE Ereyanga Vadaraga Herostone with Inscription]]<br /> '''Kaikondrahalli inscriptions and hero stores''' are relics more than 1,000 years old found in Kaikondrahalli, a locality in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], India. <br /> <br /> The locality houses a 10th-century (dated [[Palaeography|paleographically]]) Herostone with a [[Kannada inscriptions|Kannada Inscription]] of the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Gangas]]. The inscription records the demise of an Erayenga Vadaraga during a raid aimed at destroying his village, Kannili, where he worked as a servant of Ereyamma, the Gavunda of Kannili. This relic was commissioned by Marasingha Vadaraga, son of Erayenga Vadaraga to honor his father's memory. <br /> <br /> == Nagattara ==<br /> The herostone was inscribed during the reign of Nagattara, a [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga]] Chieftain who ruled this region from his administrative seat in [[Begur, Bangalore|Beguru]]. Nagattara was bestowed the title ''Kaliyuga Hanumantha'' as indicated in the inscription, signifying his might like the Hindu god [[Hanuman]]tha. This inscription makes it evident that Kannili (presently known as Kanneli) constituted an integral part of the [[Begur, Bangalore|Begur]] administrative division he governed, indicating a documented history of over millennium for this region. The inscription records the term &quot;Gamunda&quot; denoting the position of a village head. It was mentioned in various inscriptions as &quot;Gavunda&quot;, &quot;Gavundar&quot; and &quot;Gamundar&quot;. Today, the term has evolved into &quot;Gowda&quot;, a common surname used by caste communities including [[Lingayatism|Lingayats]], [[Vokkaliga#:~:text=the ruling classes.&quot;-,Economy,cultivated land in the state.|Vokkaligas]], [[Kuruba]]s, [[Halakki Vokkaliga]]s, and [[Vellalar]]s. The inscription is located in the rear setback Eating Love Building, Sarjapur Road, Kasavanahalli, located to the south of TNT Emerald. The inscription was first published by Adappa Pasodi in the ''Itihasa Darshana Journal''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=ಡಾ. ದೇವರಕೊಂಡ ರೆಡ್ಡಿ |url=https://archive.org/details/itihasadarshanav0000drde/page/n64/mode/1up |title=ಇತಿಹಾಸ ದರ್ಶನ, ಸಂಪುಟ 31/2016 |date=2016 |publisher=ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಅಕಾದೆಮಿ |others=Servants of Knowledge |language=Kannada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=City losing memories etched in stone |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/bengaluru/2018/Jan/17/city-losing-memories-etched-in-stone-1756926.html |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Nagattara was also responsible for the construction of the [[Nageshvara Temple, Begur|Nageshwara Shiva temple]], in the Panchalingeshwara temple complex in [[Begur, Bangalore|Begur]]. The temple is the earliest documented temple of the [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] Region.}{{fact|date=June 2025}}<br /> [[File:Wide Angle View Photograph of the Kaikondrahalli 900CE Ereyanga Vadaraga Herostone with Inscription.jpg|thumb|355x355px|The Kaikondrahalli 900CE Ereyanga Vadaraga Herostone with Inscription]]<br /> <br /> == Physical characteristics ==<br /> The inscription is 127&amp;nbsp;cm tall, 99&amp;nbsp;cm wide. The [[Kannada script|Kannada]] Characters are approximately 2.4&amp;nbsp;cm tall, 2.5&amp;nbsp;cm wide &amp; 0.26&amp;nbsp;cm deep (very shallow). The stone displays a sizable sculpture of a slightly plump man standing, grasping a bow in one hand and a sword in the other, despite multiple arrows piercing his body. In front of him lies the body of a deceased man. To his right side lies a bag with a long strap and on the panel above, a seated man on a stool is depicted, flanked on each side by [[apsara]]s gracefully holding [[Fly-whisk|flywhisks]] (chamara). Adappa Pasodi suggests a unique inference to the small bag in the sculpture as that used to carry [[betel]] leaves given by soldiers' wives who would send their husbands off to war with such a basket. The tradition of offering betel leaves to guests continues.<br /> <br /> == Transliteration ==<br /> The text below is the rereading published in the ''Journal of the Mythic Society''.<br /> <br /> Digital Images of each of the characters of this inscription, images of the inscription itself, summary and the other information about the inscription have been shared via Aksharabhnadara Software.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಭಂಡಾರ |url=https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=104900 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=mythicsociety.github.io}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Line<br /> Number<br /> ![[Kannada script|Kannada]]<br /> ![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |. ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಶ್ರೀ<br /> |. svasti śrī<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ಕಲಿಯುಗದ<br /> |kaliyugada<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ಣುವಂ ನಾಗತ್ತ<br /> |ṇuvaṃ nāgatta<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ರಂ ರಾಜ್ಯಂಗೆ<br /> |raṃ rājyaṃgĕ<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ಯ್ಯುತ್ತಿರೆ ಕಣ್ನಿ<br /> |yyuttirĕ kaṇni<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ಲಿಯ ಎಱೆಯ<br /> |liya ĕṟĕya<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ಮ್ಮ ಗಾವುಣ್ಡನಾಳೆ<br /> |mma gāvuṇḍanālĕ<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ಎಱೆಯಂಗ ವಾ<br /> |ĕṟĕyaṃga vā<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |ದರಗಂ ಯೂರಳಿವಿ<br /> |daragaṃ yūralivi<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ನಲ್ಸತ್ತಂ ಅವನ ಮ<br /> |nalsattaṃ avana ma<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ಗಂ ಮಾರಸಿಂಘ ವಾ<br /> |gaṃ mārasiṃgha vā<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ದರಗಂ ಮಾಡಿಸಿದಂ<br /> |daragaṃ māḍisidaṃ<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaikondrahalli (Bengaluru) Inscriptions and Herostones}}<br /> [[Category:Inscription stones of Bengaluru]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topchanchi_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=541690 2026-02-25T03:35:00Z

<p>Aranyam: adding new stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Protected area in Jharkhand, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox protected area<br /> | name = Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary<br /> | alt_name = <br /> | iucn_category = IV<br /> | image = Topchanchi Lake and Hill.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | map = India Jharkhand#India<br /> | relief = 1<br /> | mapframe = Yes<br /> | location = Topchanchi, Jharkhand, [[India]]<br /> | nearest_city = [[Dhanbad]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coords|23|56|10|N|86|11|32|E|display=inline, title}}<br /> | area_acre = 2,162<br /> | established = <br /> | visitation_num = <br /> | visitation_year = <br /> | governing_body =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary''' is an {{Convert|8.75|km2|abbr=on}} [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|protected area]] located near the town of [[Topchanchi]], [[Jharkhand]]. The sanctuary is situated alongside [[National Highway 2 (India)|National Highway 2]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Topchanchi Lake {{!}} District Dhanbad, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India |url=https://dhanbad.nic.in/tourist-place/topchanchi-lake/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Land in the sanctuary mainly consists of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|dry mixed deciduous forests]] with [[Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests|dry peninsular sal forests]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Topchanchi |url=https://forest.jharkhand.gov.in/wildlife/topchachi.aspx |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=forest.jharkhand.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Flora and fauna ==<br /> The dry peninsular sal forests are mainly made up of [[Shorea robusta|sal trees]], although other flora such as bamboo and grass in unforested plains.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mammals that are found in the sanctuary include [[leopards]], [[jungle cats]], [[Chital|cheetal]], [[Muntjac|barking deer]], and [[wild boar]].{{fact|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> The Topchanchi Lake adds to the diversity of the area, and migratory birds stop by during the winter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Topchanchi getting a makeover as tourist destination |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/topchanchi-getting-a-makeover-as-tourist-destination/cid/1816913 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery==<br /> {{gallery<br /> |Topchanchi Hill.jpg<br /> |Hill<br /> |Topchanchi Sun Set 2.jpg<br /> |Sunset<br /> |Topchanchi flower.jpg<br /> |Flower<br /> |Topchanchi Bridge.jpg<br /> |Bridge<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}{{Protected areas of Jharkhand}}<br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Dhanbad]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badminton_at_the_2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Games&diff=488974 2026-02-15T11:43:24Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Badminton championships}}<br /> {{Infobox badminton event<br /> | name = 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games<br /> | number_edition = 2nd<br /> | venue = [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]<br /> | location = [[Mahalunge]], [[Balewadi]], [[Pune]], India<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | dates = 13 October – 17 October<br /> | competitors = 90<br /> | previous = [[Badminton at the 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games|2004 Bendigo]]<br /> | next = [[Badminton at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|2011 Douglas]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Badminton''' events for the [[2008 Commonwealth Youth Games]] were held in Pune in the Indian state of Maharashtra from 13 to 17 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/india-dominate-commonwealth-youth-games-win-76-medals/articleshow/3612813.cms|title=India dominate Commonwealth Youth Games, win 76 medals|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=18 October 2008|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-youth-games/pune-2008|title=2008 Commonwealth Youth Games|publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the second consecutive time, sport of Badminton was included in the Commonwealth Youth Games programme which included Boys' singles,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament/draw?id=96129D47-FEED-439C-A232-9F1DDAE34DEF&amp;draw=1|title=Commonwealth Youth Games 2008 – MS|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Girls' singles,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament/draw?id=96129D47-FEED-439C-A232-9F1DDAE34DEF&amp;draw=2|title=Commonwealth Youth Games 2008 – WS|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boys' doubles&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament/draw?id=96129D47-FEED-439C-A232-9F1DDAE34DEF&amp;draw=3|title=Commonwealth Youth Games 2008 – MD|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Girls' doubles&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament/draw?id=96129D47-FEED-439C-A232-9F1DDAE34DEF&amp;draw=4|title=Commonwealth Youth Games 2008 – WD|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; events. Mixed doubles was not conducted. At the end, host India emerged as the strongest nation by winning three titles, while Malaysia won the Boys' doubles title.<br /> <br /> == Medalists ==<br /> {| {{MedalistTable|type=Discipline}}<br /> |-<br /> | Boys' singles<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurusai Dutt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Prakash (badminton)|Aditya Prakash]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|Martin Campbell]]<br /> |-<br /> | Girls' singles<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Panuga Riou]]<br /> |-<br /> | Boys' doubles<br /> | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ow Yao Han]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yew Hong Kheng]]<br /> | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Yu Sheng]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Loh Wei Sheng]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra]]<br /> |-<br /> | Girls' doubles<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexandra Bruce]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Michelle Li]]<br /> | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Ee Von]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Hui Ern]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Results ==<br /> === Boys' singles ===<br /> {{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br /> | RD1=Semifinal<br /> | RD2=Final<br /> | team-width=180<br /> <br /> | RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurusai Dutt]]'''<br /> | RD1-score1-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score1-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score1-3=<br /> | RD1-team2={{flagicon|SCO}} [[Paul van Rietvelde]]<br /> | RD1-score2-1=13<br /> | RD1-score2-2=12<br /> | RD1-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD1-team3={{flagicon|SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|Martin Campbell]]<br /> | RD1-score3-1=14<br /> | RD1-score3-2=17<br /> | RD1-score3-3=<br /> | RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Prakash (badminton)|Aditya Prakash]]'''<br /> | RD1-score4-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-3=<br /> <br /> | 3rd-seed1=<br /> | 3rd-team1={{flagicon|SCO}} [[Paul van Rietvelde]]<br /> | 3rd-score1-1=13<br /> | 3rd-score1-2=17<br /> | 3rd-score1-3=<br /> | 3rd-seed2=<br /> | 3rd-team2='''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|Martin Campbell]]'''<br /> | 3rd-score2-1='''21'''<br /> | 3rd-score2-2='''21'''<br /> | 3rd-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurusai Dutt]]'''<br /> | RD2-score1-1='''21'''<br /> | RD2-score1-2=20<br /> | RD2-score1-3='''21'''<br /> | RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Prakash (badminton)|Aditya Prakash]]<br /> | RD2-score2-1=18<br /> | RD2-score2-2='''22'''<br /> | RD2-score2-3=18<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Girls' singles ===<br /> {{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br /> | RD1=Semifinal<br /> | RD2=Final<br /> | team-width=180<br /> <br /> | RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal]]'''<br /> | RD1-score1-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score1-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score1-3=<br /> | RD1-team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Panuga Riou]]<br /> | RD1-score2-1=12<br /> | RD1-score2-2=10<br /> | RD1-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD1-team3={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tiffany Chase Currier]]<br /> | RD1-score3-1=16<br /> | RD1-score3-2=9<br /> | RD1-score3-3=<br /> | RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]'''<br /> | RD1-score4-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-3=<br /> <br /> | 3rd-seed1=<br /> | 3rd-team1='''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Panuga Riou]]'''<br /> | 3rd-score1-1=18<br /> | 3rd-score1-2='''21'''<br /> | 3rd-score1-3='''21'''<br /> | 3rd-seed2=<br /> | 3rd-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tiffany Chase Currier]]<br /> | 3rd-score2-1='''21'''<br /> | 3rd-score2-2=16<br /> | 3rd-score2-3=16<br /> <br /> | RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal]]'''<br /> | RD2-score1-1='''23'''<br /> | RD2-score1-2='''22'''<br /> | RD2-score1-3=<br /> | RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]<br /> | RD2-score2-1=21<br /> | RD2-score2-2=20<br /> | RD2-score2-3=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Boys' doubles ===<br /> {{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br /> | RD1=Semi-finals<br /> | RD2=Final<br /> | RD2b=Third place<br /> <br /> | team-width=150<br /> | score-width=20<br /> <br /> | RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra]]<br /> | RD1-score1-1=20<br /> | RD1-score1-2=16<br /> | RD1-score1-3=<br /> | RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ow Yao Han]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yew Hong Kheng]]'''<br /> | RD1-score2-1='''22'''<br /> | RD1-score2-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD1-team3={{flagicon|ENG}} Gary Fox &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Richard Morris (badminton)|Richard Morris]]<br /> | RD1-score3-1=19<br /> | RD1-score3-2=17<br /> | RD1-score3-3=<br /> | RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Yu Sheng]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Loh Wei Sheng]]'''<br /> | RD1-score4-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-3=<br /> <br /> | RD2b-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra]]'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-1='''21'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-2='''23'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-3=<br /> | RD2b-team2={{flagicon|ENG}} Gary Fox &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Richard Morris (badminton)|Richard Morris]]<br /> | RD2b-score2-1=18<br /> | RD2b-score2-2=21<br /> | RD2b-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ow Yao Han]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yew Hong Kheng]]'''<br /> | RD2-score1-1=14<br /> | RD2-score1-2='''21'''<br /> | RD2-score1-3='''21'''<br /> | RD2-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Yu Sheng]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Loh Wei Sheng]]<br /> | RD2-score2-1='''21'''<br /> | RD2-score2-2=13<br /> | RD2-score2-3=14<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Girls' doubles ===<br /> {{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br /> | RD1=Semi-finals<br /> | RD2=Final<br /> | RD2b=Third place<br /> <br /> | team-width=150<br /> | score-width=20<br /> <br /> | RD1-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Ee Von]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Hui Ern]]<br /> | RD1-score1-1=19<br /> | RD1-score1-2=10<br /> | RD1-score1-3=<br /> | RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexandra Bruce]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Michelle Li]]'''<br /> | RD1-score2-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score2-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD1-team3={{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jessica Jonggowisastro]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mary O'Connor (badminton)|Mary O'Connor]]<br /> | RD1-score3-1=13<br /> | RD1-score3-2=13<br /> | RD1-score3-3=<br /> | RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]'''<br /> | RD1-score4-1='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-2='''21'''<br /> | RD1-score4-3=<br /> <br /> | RD2b-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Ee Von]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Hui Ern]]'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-1='''21'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-2='''21'''<br /> | RD2b-score1-3=<br /> | RD2b-team2={{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jessica Jonggowisastro]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mary O'Connor (badminton)|Mary O'Connor]]<br /> | RD2b-score2-1=8<br /> | RD2b-score2-2=19<br /> | RD2b-score2-3=<br /> <br /> | RD2-team1={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexandra Bruce]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Michelle Li]]<br /> | RD2-score1-1=18<br /> | RD2-score1-2=8<br /> | RD2-score1-3=<br /> | RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. C. Thulasi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]'''<br /> | RD2-score2-1='''21'''<br /> | RD2-score2-2='''21'''<br /> | RD2-score2-3=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2008 in badminton|Commonwealth Youth Games]]<br /> [[Category:Badminton tournaments in India|Commonwealth Youth Games]]<br /> [[Category:International sports competitions hosted by India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaiju_Damodaran&diff=534321 2026-02-11T07:16:42Z

<p>Aranyam: adding info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian sports commentator and journalist}}<br /> {{Indian patronymic|Shaiju|Damodaran}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Shaiju Damodaran<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = Shaiju in March 2016<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|02|07}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Aroor]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[The Cochin College|The Cochin College, Kochi]]|[[St. Paul's College, Kalamassery]]|[[Kerala Media Academy|Kerala Media Academy, Kochi]]}}<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|TV commentator|TV presenter}}<br /> | spouse = Asha Shaiju<br /> | children = 2<br /> | website =<br /> }}<br /> '''Shaiju Damodaran''' (born 7 February 1973) is an Indian sports commentator, sports journalist and columnist who, as of 2022, is the leading [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] commentator for [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star network (Malayalam)]] on their [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) coverage. {{as of|November 2022}}, he has commentated on more than 500 ISL games, which is the highest by any commentators in any language in the ISL.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shaiju Damodaran 300th- match as isl commentator special interview |website=ManoramaOnline |date=2019-11-06 |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/indepth/indian-super-league-2019-20/2019/11/06/shaiju--damodaran-300-th-match-as-isl-commentator-special-interview.html |language=ml |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160102/https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/indepth/indian-super-league-2019-20/2019/11/06/shaiju--damodaran-300-th-match-as-isl-commentator-special-interview.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Panappuzha |first=Vipin |title=isl 2020 21 Shaiju Damodaran reveals secrets in commentary box |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |date=2020-11-19 |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/sports-special/isl-2020-21-shaiju-damodaran-reveals-secrets-in-commentary-box-qk1mqf |language=ml |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160149/https://www.asianetnews.com/sports-special/isl-2020-21-shaiju-damodaran-reveals-secrets-in-commentary-box-qk1mqf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> <br /> Shaiju Damodaran is the son of A. I. Damodaran and Lalitha Damodaran. He attended high school at [[Ochanthuruth]] and completed his [[Pre-university course|pre-degree]] at [[The Cochin College|The Cochin College, Kochi]], then studied for a [[Bachelor's degree]] in [[economics]] at [[St. Paul's College, Kalamassery]]. He later completed a [[Post-Graduate Diploma]] in journalism and mass communication at [[Kerala Media Academy|Kerala Media Academy, Kochi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=You see this..the King of Commentary is here|url=http://www.metrovaartha.com/news/38904/shaiju-damodaran-isl-2019-20-special-interview|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160146/http://www.metrovaartha.com/news/38904/shaiju-damodaran-isl-2019-20-special-interview|archive-date=30 December 2020|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.metrovaartha.com|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1995, Shaiju started working as a journalist at ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' in [[Kochi]], specializing in [[cricket]] and [[association football|football]], and later became a senior sub-editor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-18|title=Why People Around the Globe Are Tuning in to This Man's Malayalam World Cup Commentary|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/why-people-around-the-globe-are-tuning-in-to-this-mans-malayalam-world-cup-commentary-1782395.html|access-date=2020-12-24|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160134/https://www.news18.com/news/football/why-people-around-the-globe-are-tuning-in-to-this-mans-malayalam-world-cup-commentary-1782395.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; After working for 20 years, he resigned from ''Mathrubhumi'' to work as a special correspondent for Kochi-based firm ''[[Mangalam Publications]]'' in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Shaiju Damodaran, the commentator who touched the world|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/videos/sports/shaiju-damodaran-commentary-1.2948411|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160222/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/videos/sports/shaiju-damodaran-commentary-1.2948411|archive-date=30 December 2020|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Mathrubhumi|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|January 2021}}, Shaiju works as a sports journalist; he has covered 10 [[Santosh Trophy|Santosh Trophy National Football Championships]], more than 400 ISL games, national and international cricket matches including the [[Ranji Trophy]], [[Deodhar Trophy]] and [[Duleep Trophy]]. He has also covered all of the [[One Day International]] cricket games in Kochi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vasudevan|first=Shyam|title=Shaiju Damodaran, the man whose commentary went viral|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-world-cup-2018/shaiju-damodaran-viral-commentary-world-cup/article24240862.ece|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Sportstar|date=23 June 2018 |language=en|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160150/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-world-cup-2018/shaiju-damodaran-viral-commentary-world-cup/article24240862.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Commentary career ==<br /> <br /> Shaiju started his career as a sports commentator in 2012, covering the 2012 [[Celebrity Cricket League]] (CCL) season, which he covered for the next two seasons.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Those who wants to kill in defeat are fools; Says Shaiju Damodaran|url=https://www.janmabhumi.in/read/shaiju-damodaran-interview/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160106/https://www.janmabhumi.in/read/shaiju-damodaran-interview/|archive-date=30 December 2020|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Janmabhumi|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was chosen as the leading commentator in Malayalam for the inaugural season of the ISL.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mohandas |first=Vandana |title=The Shaiju goalgasm! |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=2018-06-20 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/190618/winning-hearts-with-his-commentary.html |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160203/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/190618/winning-hearts-with-his-commentary.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahead of the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|ICC Cricket World Cup 2015]], Star Network decided to include Malayalam commentary and Shaiju was engaged as the leading commentator.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 'Singham' Commentator Reveals His Commentary Style |website=NDTVSports.com |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/2018-fifa-world-cup/videos/the-singham-commentator-reveals-his-commentary-style-488268 |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160138/https://sports.ndtv.com/2018-fifa-world-cup/videos/the-singham-commentator-reveals-his-commentary-style-488268 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2017, he became the first person to complete 200 matches as an ISL commentator.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ISL football commentator Shaiju Damodaran break records today |website=malayalam.samayam.com |date=2018-02-09 |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-football-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-facebook-post/articleshow/62849036.cms |language=ml |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160218/https://malayalam.samayam.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-football-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-facebook-post/articleshow/62849036.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the same year, he commentated for the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]]'s final between India and Pakistan. In 2018, [[Sony ESPN]] engaged Shaiju as the leading Malayalam commentator for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup in Russia]]; it was the first Malayalam commentary of a [[FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Shephali |title=FIFA World Cup 2018: Meet the commentators who add local flavour to the beautiful game |website=The Economic Times |date=2018-07-14 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/football-world-cup-commentators-in-indian-languages-beat-english-pundits/articleshow/64990622.cms |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160139/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/football-world-cup-commentators-in-indian-languages-beat-english-pundits/articleshow/64990622.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; During the tournament, Shaiju's commentary of [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]’s 87th-minute free-kick goal against Spain captured the attention of football fans across the globe and became viral on social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Rakesh |first=K.M. |title=Universal language: Ronaldo da |website=Telegraph India |date=2018-06-18 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/universal-language-ronaldo-da/cid/1348584 |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160211/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/universal-language-ronaldo-da/cid/1348584 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Viswanath |first=Chandrakanth |title=Why People Around the Globe Are Tuning in to This Man's Malayalam World Cup Commentary |website=News18 |date=2018-06-18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/why-people-around-the-globe-are-tuning-in-to-this-mans-malayalam-world-cup-commentary-1782395.html |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160134/https://www.news18.com/news/football/why-people-around-the-globe-are-tuning-in-to-this-mans-malayalam-world-cup-commentary-1782395.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Pandey |first=Aditya |title=Malayalam Commentator, Shaiju Damodaran On What It Takes To Be Great Behind The Microphone |website=www.mensxp.com |date=2020-01-26 |url=https://www.mensxp.com/sports/football/72259-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-on-what-it-takes-to-be-great-behind-the-microphone.html |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160222/https://www.mensxp.com/sports/football/72259-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-on-what-it-takes-to-be-great-behind-the-microphone.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2019, Shaiju later did the Malayalam commentary for the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]], which was held in the [[UAE]]. He also commentated for India's numerous friendly football games.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Kerala 'outside the Blasters; Malayalee players in ISL 7th season&quot;: Shaiju Damodaran Analysis |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/2020/12/10/indian-players-perform-better-in-isl-7th-season-commentary-box-shaiju-damodaran.html |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160153/https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/2020/12/10/indian-players-perform-better-in-isl-7th-season-commentary-box-shaiju-damodaran.html |archive-date=30 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=www.manoramaonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2020, he recreated the commentary for [[Diego Maradona]]'s 'Goal of the Century' in the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]] in Malayalam by the request of [[Victor Hugo Morales]], and had aired in [[Argentina]] through [[:es:Radio AM 750|Radio AM 750]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Biju E Paul|date=2020-12-25|title=Victor Hugo Morales' commentary on Maradona goal recreated in Malayalam|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2020/dec/25/victor-hugo-morales-commentary-on-maradona-goal-recreated-in-malayalam-2241016.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160107/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2020/dec/25/victor-hugo-morales-commentary-on-maradona-goal-recreated-in-malayalam-2241016.html|archive-date=30 December 2020|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=listen to yourself Malayalam sound for maradona goal |website=Madhyamam |date=2020-12-25 |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/sports/football/listen-to-yourself-malayalam-sound-for-maradona-goal-624649 |language=ml |access-date=2020-12-28 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160224/https://www.madhyamam.com/sports/football/listen-to-yourself-malayalam-sound-for-maradona-goal-624649 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Commentary style ==<br /> Shaiju's commentary style consists of energetic phrases peppered with aberrant uses and one-liners.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sanketh|first=Aakanksh|date=2018-06-25|title=Indian commentator becomes viral sensation after Cristiano Ronaldo's goal|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-commentator-becomes-viral-sensation-after-cristiano-ronaldo-goal|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160214/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-commentator-becomes-viral-sensation-after-cristiano-ronaldo-goal|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He usually intersperses his commentary with famous dialogue from movies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=V|first=Vijay Krishna C.|date=2018-06-18|title=&quot;Ronaldooo&quot; – Super Energetic Malayalam Commentator – Shaiju Damodaran – Malayala Karayude Romanjam|url=https://vijaykrishnacv.com/2018/06/18/ronaldooo-super-energetic-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-malayala-karayude-romanjam/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=PAC Talks|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160107/https://vijaykrishnacv.com/2018/06/18/ronaldooo-super-energetic-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-malayala-karayude-romanjam/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shaiju has said his reaction is automatic and he uses a mix of language in his commentary, saying; &quot;It comes naturally to me when the action calls for it. It’s an emotional display rather than a verbal expression. I think people like it&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIFA World Cup 2018: Meet Malayalam commentator Shaiju Damodaran, whose high-octane style has made him a global sensation |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/fifa-world-cup-2018-meet-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-whose-high-octane-style-has-made-him-a-global-sensation-4544741.html|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Firstpost|date=19 June 2018 |archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160153/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/fifa-world-cup-2018-meet-malayalam-commentator-shaiju-damodaran-whose-high-octane-style-has-made-him-a-global-sensation-4544741.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fascinated with Shaiju's commentary on Ronaldo's free-kick goal, [[Mahindra Group]] executive chairman [[Anand Mahindra]] tweeted:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ok that’s it. I’m switching to this channel with commentary in Malayalam. No, I don’t understand the language but I don’t need to—these guys are so pumped up they make the English &amp; Hindi commentators sound tame!&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-18|title=The Shaiju Damodaran moment: The Malayalam football commentator India is raving about|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shaiju-damodaran-moment-malayalam-football-commentator-india-raving-about-83256|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160202/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shaiju-damodaran-moment-malayalam-football-commentator-india-raving-about-83256|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Controversy==<br /> <br /> {{Empty section|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Shaiju is married to Asha and the couple lives in [[Kaloor]], Kochi, with their children Abhinov and Adhinov.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Shaiju Damodaran |title=Nine goals scored in the match: Shaiju Damodaran writes |website=ManoramaOnline |date=2020-12-19 |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/2020/12/19/indian-super-league-2020-21-column-commentary-box-2-shaiju-damodaran.html |language=ml |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230160219/https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/2020/12/19/indian-super-league-2020-21-column-commentary-box-2-shaiju-damodaran.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Damodaran, Shaiju}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sports commentators]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]<br /> [[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Association football commentators]]<br /> [[Category:Indian columnists]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walkeshwar_Assembly_constituency&diff=545464 2026-02-04T06:37:23Z

<p>Aranyam: adding a pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}} <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency <br /> | name = Walkeshwar <br /> | type= SLA <br /> | state = Maharashtra <br /> | established = 1955 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | abolished = 1976 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1976 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | electors = 106,468 <br /> | mla = Harishkumar N. Trivedi <br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} <br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | latest_election_year = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> | district = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | reservation = <br /> }} <br /> &lt;b&gt;Walkeshwar Assembly constituency &lt;/b&gt;was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly == <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |- <br /> ! Election <br /> ! Member <br /> ! colspan=2|Party <br /> |- <br /> | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Silam Sayaji Laxman || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Maniben Nanubhai Desai <br /> |- <br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || H. J. Taleyarkhan <br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Harishkumar N. Trivedi <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===Assembly Election 1972=== <br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Walkeshwar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Harishkumar N. Trivedi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 36,416 |percentage = 59.85% |change={{increase}}13.65 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=J. Navichandra Mehta |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 24,431 |percentage = 40.15% |change= ''New'' }} <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,985 |percentage = 19.70% |change= {{increase}}4.01 }} <br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 62,079 |percentage = 58.31% |change= {{decrease}}7.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,847}} <br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,468|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.87 }} <br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.65 }} <br /> {{Election box end}} <br /> ===Assembly Election 1967=== <br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Walkeshwar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=H. J. Taleyarkhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,491 |percentage = 46.20% |change={{decrease}}3.30 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. M. Chudasama |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 16,833 |percentage = 30.51% |change={{increase}}9.80 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. V. Deshpande |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 10,126 |percentage = 18.35% |change={{decrease}}1.05 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. B. Shintre |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,295 |percentage = 4.16% |change={{decrease}}6.24 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. M. Nagarkatti |party=Independent politician |votes = 434 |percentage = 0.79% |change= ''New'' }} <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,658 |percentage = 15.69% |change= {{decrease}}13.10 }} <br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 56,906 |percentage = 65.67% |change= {{increase}}8.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,179}} <br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,649|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.43 }} <br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.30 }} <br /> {{Election box end}} <br /> ===Assembly Election 1962=== <br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Walkeshwar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Maniben Nanubhai Desai |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,351 |percentage = 49.49% |change={{decrease}}4.74 }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Piloo Homi Mody |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 10,187 |percentage = 20.71% |change= ''New'' }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tara Gangaram Reddi |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 9,544 |percentage = 19.40% |change= ''New'' }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pyarelal Shamrao Paralkar |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 5,117 |percentage = 10.40% |change={{decrease}}35.36 }} <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,164 |percentage = 28.79% |change= {{increase}}20.31 }} <br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 50,833 |percentage = 58.92% |change= {{decrease}}9.58 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,199}} <br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,275|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.75 }} <br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.74 }} <br /> {{Election box end}} <br /> ===Assembly Election 1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Walkeshwar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Silam Sayaji Laxman |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,925 |percentage = 54.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Donde Moreshwar Vasudeo |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 22,718 |percentage = 45.76% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,207 |percentage = 8.47% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 49,643 |percentage = 66.60% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,643}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,536|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{reflist}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}} <br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]] <br /> {{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ona_Kantheeswarar_Temple&diff=522949 2026-01-29T00:11:22Z

<p>Aranyam: New</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox temple<br /> | name = Ona Kantheeswarar Temple<br /> | image = Onakathan thali.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Image of the Onakanthan temple gopuram<br /> | map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br /> | map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12|51|02|N|79|41|39|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | other_names = <br /> | proper_name = <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | district = [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]<br /> | location = [[Kanchipuram]]<br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | deity = Ona Kantheeswarar([[Shiva]])<br /> Kamakshi([[Parvathi]])<br /> <br /> <br /> | Direction_posture = <br /> | Pushakarani = <br /> | Vimanam = <br /> | Poets = <br /> | Prathyaksham = <br /> | festivals= <br /> | architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]<br /> | temple_quantity = <br /> | monument_quantity= <br /> | inscriptions = <br /> | year_completed = <br /> | creator = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Ona Kantheeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Onakanthali''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]], located in the town of Panjupettai, [[Kanchipuram]], [[Kanchipuram district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Shiva is worshipped as Ona Kantheeswarar and his consort [[Parvathi]] as Kamakshi. Ona Kantheeswarar is revered in the 7th-century CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 275 temples revered in the canon.<br /> <br /> The temple has a small three-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'', the entrance tower and all the shrines are located in an elevated structure. The temple has two daily rituals at various times from 5:30&amp;nbsp;a.m. to 8 p.m., and three yearly festivals on its calendar, namely the Margalhi Tiruvathirai during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Margalhi'' (December - January) and Aipassi full moon day ''Aippassi'' (October - November) being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and legend==<br /> As per Hindu legend, the temple was believed to have been built by two [[asura]]s (demons) named Onan and Kanthan. The asuras got a ''[[lingam]]'' (an iconic representation of Shiva) from a forest in the region and became ardent devotees. On account of their devotion, they got all the desired boons.&lt;ref name=Chari&gt;{{cite book|title=The Glorious temples of Kanchi|last=T.V.R|first=Chari|year=1982|publisher=Sri Kanchi Kamakshi Ambal Devasthanam and Sarada Navaratri Kalai Nigazhchi Trust|location=Big Kancheepuram|page=56}}&lt;/ref&gt; There was a third asura, Jalandeeswaran, who joined the two, and became an ardent devotee of Shiva. The three shrines in the temple, each dedicated to Onakantheeswarar, Salantheeswarar and Jalandeeswarar are believed to be the respective shrines built by the demons.&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu - Kancheepuram district|last=C.|first=Dr.Chandramouli|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|year=2003|location=Chennai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sundarar]], a 7th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' poet, venerated Ona Kantheeswarar in one verse in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|Seventh Tirumurai]]''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon.&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=68|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109191932/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=68|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2011|title=Sri Ona Kantheeswarar temple|publisher=Dinamalar|accessdate=16 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Onakanthanthandreli|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=51|publisher=Thevaaram.Org|accessdate=15 November 2015|year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is believed that he got back one of his eyes which he lost on account of not keeping his word in the Ekambanathar Temple. To test his devotion, Shiva moved toward a tamarind tree and Sundarar followed his footsteps and sung praises of Shiva. His devotion was admired and Shiva turned the tamarind leaves to golden leaves and poured on him from the skies.&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=malai&gt;{{cite web|title=Onakantheswar Temple|url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2014/11/17115259/Onakantheswarar-Temple.html|date=17 November 2014|accessdate=16 November 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117070656/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2014/11/17115259/Onakantheswarar-Temple.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> The temple is located {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-west of [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambareswarar Temple]] in [[Kanchipuram]] in a locality called Panjupettai. Ona Kantheeswarar temple complex has a single ''[[prakaram]]s'' (outer courtyard) covering an area of {{convert|80|sqm|sqft|abbr=on}} and a small three-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower) facing East. The central shrine faces east and holds the two image of Ona Kantheeswarar (Shiva) in the form of ''lingam'' made of granite and is believed to be a ''[[Swayambhu|swayambumoorthy]]'' (self manifested). There are two other shrines of Shiva namely Salantheeswarar and Jalandeeswarar.&lt;ref name=census/&gt; As in other temples in [[Kanchipuram]], there is no separate shrine of Parvathi as it is believed that [[Kamakshi Amman Temple|Kamakshi of Kanchipuram]] is the common Parvathi shrine for all Shiva temples. There is a separate shrine for Vinayagar called Vaiyurunthi Pillayar. The granite images of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (the bull and vehicle of Shiva), a tall flag staff and a ''Balipeeta'', the place of offering, axial to the sanctum. As in other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the first precinct or the walls around the sanctum of Ona Kantheeswarar has images of [[Dakshinamurthy]] (Shiva as the Teacher), [[Durga]] (warrior-goddess) and [[Chandeshvara Nayanar|Chandikeswarar]] (a saint and devotee of Shiva). The temple precinct is surrounded by granite walls.&lt;ref name=census/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Worship and religious practices==<br /> The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed two times a day; Kalasanthi at 8:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. and Sayarakshai at 6:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Ona Kantheeswarar. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''.&lt;ref name=census/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;/&gt; The Margazhi Tiruvathirai during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Margazhi'' (December - January) and Aipassi full moon day during ''Aippassi'' (October - November) are the two festivals celebrated in the temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple1.jpg|Main Entrance with rajagopura<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple2.jpg|Ona Kantheeswarar shrine<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple3.jpg|Ona Kantheeswarar vimana<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple4.jpg|Kantheeswarar shrine<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple5.jpg|Kantheeswarar vimana<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple6.jpg|Salantheeswarar shrine<br /> File:Kanchionakantheswarartemple7.jpg|Salantheeswarar vimana<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Shaivism}}<br /> {{HinduMythology}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITA_Award_for_Best_Actress_Drama_Jury&diff=503591 2026-01-24T17:40:45Z

<p>Aranyam: added details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Television Academy award}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{See also|ITA Award for Best Actor Drama Jury|ITA Award for Best Actress Drama Popular}}<br /> {{Infobox film award<br /> |name=[[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Award]] for Best Actress Drama<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | caption =<br /> |awarded_for= Best Performance by an Actress Jury<br /> |sponsor=[[Indian Television Academy Awards|Indian Television Academy]]<br /> |firstawarded= 2001<br /> |lastawarded= 2025<br /> |reward=<br /> |former name=<br /> |holder_label= Recent winner<br /> |holder= [[Priya Thakur]]<br /> |award1_type=Total awarded<br /> |award1_winner= 25<br /> |award2_type=Most wins<br /> |award2_winner= [[Shweta Tiwari]] (5)<br /> |award3_type= First winner<br /> |award3_winner= [[Pallavi Joshi]]&lt;br&gt; for ''[[Justujoo]]'' (2001)<br /> |award4_type= Latest winner<br /> |award4_winner= [[Priya Thakur]]&lt;br&gt; for ''[[Vasudha (2024 TV series)|Vasudha]]'' (2025)<br /> |website=http://indiantelevisionacademy.com<br /> |previous=2022<br /> |next=2024}}<br /> <br /> '''ITA Award for Best Actress Drama Jury''', also known as '''Best Actress Jury''', is an award given by the [[Indian Television Academy Award|Indian Television Academy]] jury as a part of its annual event.<br /> <br /> ==Superlatives==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;height:4.5em;&quot;<br /> | Actress with most awards<br /> | [[Shweta Tiwari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;| 5<br /> |- style=&quot;height:4.5em;&quot;<br /> |Actress with most nominations<br /> | style=&quot;width:500px;&quot;|[[Sakshi Tanwar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;| 6<br /> |- style=&quot;height:4.5em;&quot;<br /> |Actress with most nominations&lt;br /&gt;(without ever winning)<br /> | style=&quot;width:500px;&quot;|[[Shivangi Joshi]] and [[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;|5<br /> |- style=&quot;height:4.5em;&quot;<br /> |Character with most wins<br /> | style=&quot;width:500px;&quot;|[[Prerna Sharma (character)|Prerna Sharma]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;|3<br /> |- style=&quot;height:4.5em;&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Winners and nominations==<br /> ===2000s===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year || Photo || Actress || Character || Show || Ref<br /> |- <br /> |2001<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Pallavi Joshi.png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Pallavi Joshi]]<br /> | Leela<br /> | [[Justujoo]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2002<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Achint Kaur.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Achint Kaur]]<br /> | Malika Sareen<br /> | [[Dhadkan (TV series)|Dhadkan]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2003<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Shweta Tiwari.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Shweta Tiwari]]<br /> | Prerna Sharma<br /> | [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border||width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | Geeta Nair<br /> | Vasudha<br /> | [[Haqeeqat (Indian TV series)|Haqeeqat]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Mona Singh celebrates Janmashtami at ISKCON in Juhu (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Mona Singh]]<br /> | Jasmeet Walia<br /> | [[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Shweta Tiwari.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Shweta Tiwari]]<br /> | Prerna Sharma<br /> | [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Padma Shri Sarita Joshi (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Sarita Joshi]]<br /> | Godavari Thakkar<br /> | [[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]<br /> |<br /> |- <br /> |2008<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Avika Gor at the special screening of Incredibles 2 (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | [[Avika Gor]]<br /> | Anandi<br /> | [[Balika Vadhu]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Ratan Rajput in 2018.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Ratan Rajput]]<br /> | Lali<br /> | [[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === 2010s ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year || Photo || Actress || Character || Show || Ref<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Surekha Sikri National Award for Badhaai Ho (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Surekha Sikri]]<br /> | Kalyani Devi<br /> |[[Balika Vadhu]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Surekha Sikri National Award for Badhaai Ho (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}&lt;br&gt;{{border|[[File:Sakshi Tanwar graces the Ganesha puja at Ekta Kapoor’s house (05) (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Surekha Sikri]]<br /> |Kalyani Devi<br /> |[[Balika Vadhu]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |accessdate=2013-01-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021114031/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |archivedate=2013-10-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sakshi Tanwar]]<br /> |Priya Kapoor<br /> |[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]<br /> |-<br /> |2012<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Shweta Tiwari.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Shweta Tiwari]]<br /> |Sweety Ahluwalia<br /> |[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Jennifer Winget snapped promoting her web series Code M.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Jennifer Winget]]<br /> |Kumud Desai<br /> |[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Surekha Sikri National Award for Badhaai Ho (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Surekha Sikri]]<br /> |Kalyani Devi<br /> |[[Balika Vadhu]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2015<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Shweta Tiwari.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |[[Shweta Tiwari]]<br /> |Bindiya Rani<br /> |[[Begusarai (TV series)|Begusarai]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2016<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Rubina Dilaik grace the 10th Gold Awards 2017.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Rubina Dilaik]]'''<br /> |'''Soumya Singh'''<br /> |'''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2016-mouni-roy-shabbir-ahluwalia-emerge-big-winners-see-pics-video-4374865/|title=ITA Awards 2016: Mouni Roy, Shabbir Ahluwalia emerge big winners, see pics, video|date=2016-11-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sakshi Tanwar]]<br /> |Shivani Malik<br /> |[[24 (Indian TV series)|24 Season 2]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Anuja Sathe]]<br /> |Dharaa Solanki<br /> |[[Tamanna (TV series)|Tamanna]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Deepika Singh]]<br /> |Sandhya Rathi<br /> |[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kratika Sengar]]<br /> |Tanushree<br /> |[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2017<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Jennifer Winget snapped promoting her web series Code M.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Jennifer Winget]]'''<br /> |'''Maya Mehrotra'''<br /> |'''[[Beyhadh]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2017-winners-list-jennifer-winget-nakuul-mehta-vivian-dsena-see-photos-videos-4924530/|title=ITA Awards 2017 winners list: Jennifer Winget, Vivian Dsena and Nakuul Mehta take home the trophies|date=2017-11-07|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shivangi Joshi]]<br /> |Naira Singhania <br /> |[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amrita Puri]]<br /> |Harleen Kaur<br /> |[[P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sandhya Mridul]]<br /> |Nazneen Khan<br /> |[[P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Narayani Shastri]]<br /> |Satrupa Baldev Singh<br /> |[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sriti Jha]]<br /> |Pragya Mehra<br /> |[[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2018'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Divyanka-Tripathi-at-Most-Admired-Leadership-awards-2017 (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Divyanka Tripathi]]'''<br /> |'''Ishita Iyer Bhalla'''<br /> |'''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2018-winners-list-5489473/|title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2018: Complete list of winners|date=2018-12-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Jennifer Winget]]<br /> |Zoya Siddiqui<br /> |[[Bepannah]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sriti Jha]]<br /> |Pragya Mehra<br /> |[[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shivangi Joshi]]<br /> |Naira Singhania <br /> |[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]]<br /> |Dr. Mauli Malhotra<br /> |[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Surbhi Jyoti]]<br /> |Bela<br /> |[[Naagin 3]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2019<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Sriti Jha zt Zee-Rishtey-Awards 2018 (cropped 1).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Sriti Jha]]'''<br /> |'''Pragya Arora'''<br /> |[[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ashnoor Kaur]]<br /> |Mini<br /> |[[Patiala Babes]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Roshni Walia]]<br /> |Tara<br /> |[[Tara From Satara]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Anushka Sen]]<br /> |Lakshmi Bai<br /> |[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === 2020s ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year || Photo || Actress || Character || Show || Ref<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Shweta Tiwari.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Shweta Tiwari]]'''<br /> |'''Guneet Sikka'''<br /> |'''[[Mere Dad Ki Dulhan]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/ita-2021-surbhi-chandna-dheeraj-dhoopar-shweta-tiwari-7189640/6/|title=ITA 2021: Surbhi Chandna, Dheeraj Dhoopar, Shweta Tiwari look glam as they walk the red carpet|date=2018-12-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shivangi Joshi]]<br /> |Naira Singhania<br /> |[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sriti Jha]]<br /> |Pragya Arora<br /> |[[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shraddha Arya]]<br /> |Preeta Arora<br /> |[[Kundali Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2021<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Ashi Singh At Screening Of Film 83.png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Ashi Singh]]'''<br /> |'''Meet Hooda'''<br /> |'''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indian Television Academy Awards Popular Actress Ashi Singh, Helly Shah, Mallika Singh, Shivangi Khedkar, and Rupali Ganguly are nomminess |url=https://twitter.com/theita_official/status/1494941698191151109?s=21 |date=19 February 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Alice Kaushik<br /> |Raavi Shah<br /> |[[Pandya Store]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shivangi Joshi]]<br /> |Anandi<br /> |[[Balika Vadhu 2]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Gia Manek]]<br /> | Gopika<br /> | [[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia<br /> | Meher Kaur Dhillon<br /> |[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> | Anupamaa Joshi<br /> |[[Anupamaa]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Disha Parmar grace Riddhi Dogra's Pre-Diwali bash at The Stadium Bar (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> | '''[[Disha Parmar]]'''<br /> | '''Priya Sood'''<br /> | '''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ITA Awards 2022 complete winners list: Varun Dhawan, Nakuul Mehta, Disha Parmar, The Kashmir Files win big |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Indian Express |date=12 December 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2022-complete-winners-list-varun-dhawan-nakuul-mehta-the-kashmir-files-win-big-8320262/lite/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ulka Gupta]]<br /> | Banni<br /> |[[Banni Chow Home Delivery]] <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Karuna Pandey]]<br /> | Pushpa<br /> |[[Pushpa Impossible]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ayesha Singh]] <br /> |Sai Joshi<br /> |[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rajshree Thakur]]<br /> |Pallavi<br /> |[[Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> |Anupamaa Joshi<br /> |[[Anupamaa]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2023<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border|[[File:Adnan Khan with Aditi Sharma (cropped original).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]]'''<br /> | '''Katha Singh'''<br /> |'''[[Katha Ankahee]]'''<br /> |[https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-23rd-ita-awards-2023/]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Shivangi Joshi]]<br /> | Aradhana Sahni<br /> | [[Barsatein – Mausam Pyaar Ka]] <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> | Anupamaa Joshi<br /> |[[Anupamaa]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pranali Rathod]]<br /> | Akshara Goenka<br /> |[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mugdha Chaphekar]]<br /> |Prachi Mehra<br /> |[[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2024<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border| |width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''Neha Harsora'''<br /> | '''Sailee'''<br /> |'''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | Karuna Pandey<br /> | Pushpa <br /> | [[Pushpa Impossible]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | Trupti Mishra<br /> | Poonam Raghuvanshi<br /> | [[Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak]] <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> | Anupamaa Joshi<br /> |[[Anupamaa]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amandeep Sidhu]]<br /> | Bani Arora <br /> |Badall pe paon hai <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|2025<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|{{border| |width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br /> |'''[[Priya Thakur]]'''<br /> |'''Vasudha Singh Chauhan'''<br /> |'''''[[Vasudha (2024 TV series)|Vasudha]]'''''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupali Ganguly]]<br /> | Anupamaa Joshi<br /> |[[Anupamaa]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[Shruti Bhist]]<br /> | Noyontara Sengupta<br /> | [[Noyontara]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[Smriti Irani]]<br /> | Tulsi Virani<br /> | [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]] <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sriti Jha]]<br /> | Amruta Bhavani Chitnis <br /> |Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sumbul Touqeer]]<br /> | Anvita Diwekar <br /> |[[Itti Si Khushi]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[ITA Award for Best Actor Drama Jury]]<br /> * [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama Popular]]<br /> * [[ITA Award for Best Actor Drama Popular]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://indiantelevisionacademy.com/ Indian Television Academy Awards]<br /> <br /> {{Indian Television Academy Awards|state=}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Film awards for lead actress]]<br /> [[Category:Awards established in 2001]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Television Academy Awards|Actress]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simran_Kaur_Mundi&diff=445974 2026-01-16T06:18:09Z

<p>Aranyam: page fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian model and actress}}<br /> {{About|the film actress|the television actress|Simran Kaur Hundal}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{infobox pageant titleholder<br /> | image = Simran Kaur Mundi in 2016.jpg<br /> | caption = Mundi in 2016<br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- must be attributed to reliable sources --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Gurickk Maan|2020}}<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}<br /> | height = 170<br /> cm<br /> | competitions = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 2008]]&lt;br /&gt;(Winner)&lt;br /&gt;[[Miss Universe 2008]]&lt;br /&gt;(Unplaced)<br /> }}<br /> '''Simran Kaur Mundi''' is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She works in Hindi films. She won the title of [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Universe 2008]] and represented India at [[Miss Universe 2008]].<br /> She made her acting debut in the [[Hindi Cinema|Hindi film]] {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Jo Hum Chahein]]}} in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Times of India – Miss India 2008 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Miss_India_08_Its_time_for_feast/articleshow/2929704.cms |access-date=6 April 2008 |work=The Times of India |date=6 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2928968.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2008 |access-date=7 April 2008 |archive-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211075535/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2928968.cms |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Born in Mumbai, she belongs to a [[Jat]] family from Mundian Jattan, [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Tribune India – Miss India has roots in Doaba |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080606/jplus1.htm#1 |access-date=6 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; She studied for two years in [[Delhi Public School Society#DPS Vijaipur|Delhi Public School]], Vijaipur, Guna [[Madhya Pradesh]] and later completed her schooling from the boarding school [[Scindia Kanya Vidyalaya]], [[Gwalior]], Madhya Pradesh. She completed her Bio-Technology degree from the [[Holkar Science College]], [[Indore]] in 2007. After her graduation she moved to Mumbai and worked with [[Fame Cinemas]] in Andheri – as a guest relations executive, where she exclusively managed bookings for professionals from the film and media industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Thakkar |first=Mehul S |title=Simran Mundi's Ticket to Bollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Simran-Kaur-Mundi-Ticket-to-Bollywood/articleshow/10879286.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215122439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-26/news-interviews/30444109_1_tickets-simran-kaur-mundi-miss-india |url-status=live |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=26 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While working at [[Fame Cinemas]] she was noticed by Bharat and Dorris, one of the top make up artists in show business who encouraged her to participate in the Femina Miss India 2008 pageant. Even without having any formal modelling experience under her belt, she still went on to compete with the country's best and win the title, she was crowned Femina Miss India Universe in 2008. She then went on to represent India at the [[Miss Universe 2008]] pageant held at the Diamond Bay Resort in Nha Trang, Vietnam on 13 July 2008, where she placed first runner-up in the Beach Beauty Competition, second runner-up in the Evening Gown Contest and fourth in the National Costume Round.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Modelling and pageantry==<br /> {{BLP sources|date=January 2025}}<br /> <br /> === Femina Miss India 2008 ===<br /> [[File:Fmi 2008.jpg|thumb|(from left to right) [[Harshita Saxena]] (Dethroned-Femina Miss India Earth 2008), [[Parvathy Omanakuttan]] (Femina Miss India World 2008) and Mundi (Femina Miss India Universe 2008)]]<br /> She was crowned [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Universe 2008]] by the outgoing titleholder [[Puja Gupta]].<br /> <br /> ===Miss Universe 2008===<br /> [[File:Miss Universe contestants USNS Mercy.jpg|thumb|Mundi and other Miss Universe contestants at USNS Mercy during [[Miss Universe 2008]]]]<br /> She represented India at [[Miss Universe 2008]] held in Vietnam and placed in various preliminary events, she was one of the top five finalists at the Best in Swimsuit round, placed in the top 5 of Charming Ao-dai round and was the group winner at the national costume award.<br /> <br /> ===After Miss Universe 2008===<br /> After winning the Femina Miss India Universe title in 2008, she started modelling professionally. She modeled at the [[Lakme Fashion Week|Lakme India Fashion Weeks]] 2008–2011, [[India Fashion Week|Wills India Fashion Weeks]] 2010, 2011, India Couture Weeks 2008–2010, [[Dubai Fashion Week]], NIFD, NIFT and many others. She also walked the red carpet for the film ''[[Outrage (2010 film)|Outrage]]'' at the Cannes film festival in 2010 and also walked the ramp at the Cannes Fashion Paranoia 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Times of India – At The French Riviera |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/I-loved-the-French-Riviera-Simran/articleshow/5972878.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712094849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/shows/28253319_1_red-carpet-cannes-film-festival-french-riviera |url-status=live |archive-date=12 July 2012 |access-date=4 November 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She was one of the judges at [[Femina Miss India Delhi 2013]], [[Femina Miss India Chandigarh 2013]] and Elite Model Look India 2014.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> She had also done a few commercials where she endorsed Parachute 'Hot Oil' in 2008, apart from doing various other print and commercial campaigns. She worked in a music video for renowned Punjabi music composer and singer [[Sukshinder Shinda]] titled &quot;La la la la&quot; from the album Jadoo released on 2 December 2010.<br /> <br /> ==Television career==<br /> In January 2011, she was seen on Indian Television in the reality game show ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]'', anchored by [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. She won the seventh episode and found her place among the 15 finalists in the final episode.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Dalal |first=Sayantan |title=Simran Kaur Mundi Explores Argentina |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_simran-kaur-mundi-explores-argentina_1674787 |access-date=12 April 2012 |newspaper=DNA}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2013, Mundi made her debut as a host for the first ever ''[[Hockey India League]]'', where she anchored matches played all across the country for over a month.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Grewal |first=Mehakdeep |title=Anchoring Goes Glam with Simran Kaur Mundi |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/DontMiss/Anchoring-Goes-Glam/Article1-1004345.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411024558/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/DontMiss/Anchoring-Goes-Glam/Article1-1004345.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times Chandigarh}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In 2019 she co-hosted Saturday Morning Live Show along with [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] and Manas Singh where they discussed Basketball matches played in the [[NBA]] aired on [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]. She anchored the first ever NBA India Games 2019 along with Scott Fresh, which featured [[Sacramento Kings]] and [[Indiana Pacers]] at the Dome, NSCI, SVP Stadium on 4 and 5 October 2019.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Simran Mundi at Escobar Launch.jpg|thumb|Mundi at an event launch]]<br /> <br /> ==Film career==<br /> Mundi made her acting debut in [[Bollywood]] with the film {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Jo Hum Chahein]]}} on 16 December 2011 opposite newcomer [[Sunny Gill]] which released to a lukewarm response at the box office but she received positive appreciation for her performance. In July 2013 she made her [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi Film]] debut opposite Punjabi superstar [[Gippy Grewal]] and Punjabi musical legend [[Jazzy B]]ains in the film ''[[Best of Luck (Punjabi Film)|Best of Luck]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Nijher |first=Jaspreet |title=Punjabi Actresses Turning to Punjabi Films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/punjabi/news-interviews/Punjabi-actresses-are-turning-back-to-Pollywood/articleshow/14052346.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110020550/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-12/news-interviews/32196448_1_punjabi-film-punjabi-culture-neeru-bajwa |url-status=live |archive-date=10 November 2013 |access-date=12 June 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; which had the third highest opening day (Rs 7.1&amp;nbsp;million)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://punjabimania.com/best-of-luck-records-third-biggest-punjabi-film-opening/ |title=Best Of Luck Punjabi Movie Opening Day Collections {{!}} Punjabi Mania |website=punjabimania.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728232346/http://punjabimania.com/best-of-luck-records-third-biggest-punjabi-film-opening/ |archive-date=28 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; and weekend (Rs 22.4&amp;nbsp;million)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=5906&amp;nCat |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130826181057/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=5906&amp;nCat |archive-date=26 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; for a Punjabi film at the time of release and went on to create a spot amongst the top grossing Punjabi films. In September 2013, Mundi made her debut in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] with the film ''[[Potugadu]]'', opposite Telugu movie star [[Manoj Manchu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Priyadarshani |first=Elina |title=I'm More Than Just a Visual Treat |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/news/Im-more-than-just-a-visual-treat/articleshow/19477886.cms |access-date=11 April 2013 |newspaper=Hyderabad Times |date=11 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which took a blockbuster opening on release.<br /> <br /> Her next [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Kuku Mathur Ki Jhand Ho Gayi]]'' produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] and [[Bejoy Nambiar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Thakkar |first=Mehul S |title=Ekta Kapoor To Launch Two Newcomers |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/30/2012110820121108094551540ac37d831/Ekta-Kapoor-to-launch-two-newcomers.html |access-date=8 November 2012 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |date=8 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; released on the same day as her Punjabi film ''[[Mundeyan Ton Bachke Rahin]]'' on 30 May 2014 and she had to juggle the promotions of both films at the same time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Bharti |title=Simran Kaur Mundi in Clash of Dates |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/simran-kaur-mundi-in-a-clash-of-dates/15315182 |access-date=24 November 2014 |publisher=Mid-Day |date=21 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was next seen on screen opposite comedian [[Kapil Sharma]], who made his acting debut in the film ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]'', directed by [[Abbas–Mustan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Network |first1=Times News |title=Kapil Sharma's Film Goes On Floor |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kapil-Sharmas-film-goes-on-floor/articleshow/45078735.cms |access-date=24 November 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> <br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2011<br /> | {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Jo Hum Chahein]]}}<br /> | Neha Kapoor <br /> |[[Hindi]]<br /> |Hindi Debut<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013<br /> | ''[[Best of Luck (Punjabi Film)|Best of Luck]]''<br /> | Preet <br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | Punjabi Debut<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Potugadu]]''<br /> | Vaidehi <br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | Telugu Debut<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014<br /> | ''[[Kuku Mathur Ki Jhand Ho Gayi]]''<br /> | Mitali <br /> | Hindi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mundeyan Ton Bachke Rahin]]''<br /> |Simran <br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | Nominated for Best Actress at [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]] <br /> |-<br /> |2015<br /> | ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]''<br /> | Simran Shiv Punj<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''[[U, Me Aur Ghar]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Web Talkies launches India's first web-based feature film 'U Me Aur Ghar' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/feb/01/web-talkies-launches-indias-first-web-based-feature-film-u-me-aur-ghar-1565619.html/ |website=The Indian Express |date=February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Chitranshi Mazumdar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''Step In My Shoes''<br /> |Richa<br /> |Short film released on [[Hotstar]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Music video appearances ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Singer<br /> !Label<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |&quot;Nachan To Pehla&quot;<br /> |[[Yuvraj Hans]]<br /> |Speed Records<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018<br /> |''[[Broken But Beautiful]]''<br /> |Ananya<br /> |Special appearance<br /> |-<br /> |''Bar Code''<br /> |Rhea Malhotra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''It Happened In Calcutta''<br /> |Sujatha<br /> |Special appearance<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''[[Chakravyuh – An Inspector Virkar Crime Thriller]]''<br /> |Naina<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Mundi married Gurickk Maan, son of Punjabi [[Jat]] singer and actor [[Gurdas Maan]], on 31 January 2020 in [[Patiala]].The couple was blessed with a baby boy on 24 february 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |title=Former Miss India Universe Simran Kaur Mundi to tie the knot on January 31 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/former-miss-india-universe-simran-kaur-mundi-to-tie-the-knot-on-january-31/articleshow/73329705.cms |access-date=4 January 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gurdas Maan's son Gurickk G Maan, wife Simmran Mundi's 'vidaayi' in vintage car goes viral |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/gurdas-maans-son-gurickk-g-maan-wife-simmran-mundis-vidaayi-in-vintage-car-goes-viral-34474 |access-date=4 January 2021 |work=The Express Tribune |date=1 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Bollywood}}<br /> *[[List of Indian film actresses]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{IMDb name}}<br /> * {{BH person}}<br /> * {{Twitter}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080408132640/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/contestantshow/2897550.cms ''Simran Mundi'' Profile] at [[Femina Miss India]]<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | before= [[Puja Gupta]]<br /> | title= [[Femina Miss India|Miss India Universe]]<br /> | years= 2008<br /> | after= [[Ekta Chowdhry]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> {{Miss Universe 2008 delegates}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mundi, Simran Kaur}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian web series actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Femina Miss India winners]]<br /> [[Category:Miss Universe 2008 contestants]]<br /> [[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Sikhs]]<br /> [[Category:Punjabi women]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yashwant_Kerkar&diff=546094 2026-01-09T16:15:10Z

<p>Aranyam: adding new entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{one source|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{more footnotes|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{notability|1=Biographies|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{orphan|date=January 2026}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Short description|Indian musician (1914–1989)}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Yashwant Kerkar<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_name = Yashwant Kerkar<br /> | birth_date = 21 February 1914<br /> | birth_place = Bag-Keri, [[Portuguese Goa]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1989|12|18|1914|2|21|df=yes}}<br /> | death_place =<br /> | occupation = [[Tabla]] player, music educator<br /> | instrument = Tabla<br /> | genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Yashwant Kerkar''' (21 February 1914 – 18 December 1989) was a prominent [[Goa|Goan]] [[tabla]] player and educator. Over a career spanning several decades, he accompanied many of the most celebrated vocalists of [[Hindustani classical music]] and trained hundreds of students in the art of tabla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vishwakosh1999&quot;&gt;{{cite wikisource |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol1.pdf/503 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=503 |volume=1 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and inspiration ==<br /> Yashwant Kerkar was born on 21 February 1914 in Bag-Keri, [[Goa]]. His father was a tabla player, which provided him with early exposure to the instrument. His passion for music was ignited by watching ''Sangeet Natak'' (musical theater) rehearsals in the village of Pira.<br /> A formative incident occurred when a young Kerkar, noticing the absence of the regular artist during a rehearsal at Bhaskar Shet Kansar's house, began playing the tabla himself. When the organizers arrived and reprimanded him for his boldness, the experience motivated him to become a master of the instrument. He initially gained experience providing accompaniment during weekly Monday performances at the [[Mangeshi Temple]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Vishwakosh1999&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Musical training ==<br /> Kerkar's formal education in tabla began under Gopinath Mangeshkar in Goa. His talent was recognized by [[Deenanath Mangeshkar]], who recruited him into the Balwant Sangeet Natak Company in 1933. While traveling with the company, he continued his studies under Valle-mama.<br /> * He underwent rigorous training under several legendary masters of different [[Gharana|gharanas]] (schools of music):<br /> * He studied the Delhi ''baaj'' (style) for twelve years after a formal ''ganda-bandhan'' ceremony with Gamme Khan.<br /> * He received training in the Ajrada style from Khan Habibuddin.<br /> * He learned the intricacies of ''layakari'' (rhythmic interplay) from Khaprumam Parvatkar.<br /> * He studied various facets of tabla playing under Pandit Kagurao Mangeshkar, Pandit Subray Ankolkar, [[Ahmed Jan Thirakwa|Ahmed Jan &quot;Thirakwa&quot; Khan]], Ustad Amir Hussain Khan, and Ustad Shamsuddin Khan.<br /> * For light classical forms like [[Thumri]], [[Ghazal]], and [[Qawwali]], he was tutored by Ghamman Khan.<br /> * To master accompaniment for [[Kathak]] dance, he sought instruction from [[Lachhu Maharaj]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Vishwakosh1999&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Kerkar was a highly sought-after accompanist who performed alongside the leading Indian classical vocalists of his time, including [[Abdul Karim Khan]], [[Kesarbai Kerkar]], [[Gangubai Hangal]], [[Mogubai Kurdikar]], [[Kishori Amonkar]], [[Sawai Gandharva]], and [[Jagannathbuwa Purohit]], among others.<br /> <br /> Professionally, he served as a staff artist at the Mumbai station of [[All India Radio]]. In his later years, he dedicated himself to teaching, serving as a tabla instructor at the [[Kala Academy]]'s Music College in Goa for two years. He is credited with training approximately 300 students, including noted Goan tabla players Prabhakar Chari and Tulsidas Navelkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vishwakosh1999&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Kerkar died on 18 December 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vishwakosh1999&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kerkar, Yashwant}}<br /> [[Category:1914 births]]<br /> [[Category:1989 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Portuguese India]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Goa]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=BharOS&diff=490852 2026-01-06T14:27:31Z

<p>Aranyam: made new pg needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Mobile operating system}}<br /> {{use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox OS<br /> | name = BharOS (IndOS)<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo caption = <br /> | logo size = <br /> | logo alt = <br /> | screenshot = <br /> | screenshot_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | collapsible = <br /> | developer = JandK Operations Private Limited, [[IIT Madras]]<br /> | family = [[Android (operating system)|Android]] ([[Linux]])<br /> | working state = Current<br /> | source model = [[Closed source software|Close source]]<br /> | released = <br /> | latest preview version = <br /> | latest preview date = <br /> | latest release version = BharOS 1<br /> | latest release date = <br /> | marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s<br /> | programmed in = <br /> | language = [[Indian English|English (India)]], [[Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | language count = <br /> | update model = <br /> | package manager = <br /> | supported platforms = [[ARM64]]<br /> | kernel type = <br /> | userland = <br /> | ui = [[Graphical user interface|Graphical]] ([[multi-touch]])<br /> | license = <br /> | website = <br /> | other articles = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''BharOS''' (formerly '''IndOS'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sharwood |first=Simon |date=25 Jan 2023 |title=Well that escalated quickly: India demos homebrew mobile OS |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/01/25/bharos_india_demo/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230929205911/https://www.theregister.com/2023/01/25/bharos_india_demo/ |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |work=The Register}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is a [[Proprietary software|closed-source]], [[List of custom Android distributions|Android-based]] operating system developed by [[IIT Madras]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/indian-govt-aims-to-build-aatmanirbhar-chipset-and-bharos-to-take-on-google-apple-2326104-2023-01-25|title=Indian govt aims to build Aatmanirbhar chipset and BharOS to take on Google, Apple|website=India Today|date=January 25, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is funded by the [[Government of India|Indian government]], which intends to use it on government and public systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/made-in-india-operating-system-bharos-tested-check-out-its-features-3719078|title='BharOS', Made-In-India Operating System, Tested. Check Out Its Features|website=NDTV.com|access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> In 2023, [[Competition Commission of India]] (CCI) filed two [[antitrust cases against Google]], the developer of [[Android (operating system)|Android]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ettech-explained-what-is-the-government-backed-bharos-and-why-is-it-important/articleshow/97323076.cms|title=ETtech Explained: what is government-backed BharOS and why is it important?|access-date=January 26, 2023|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=January 25, 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, there have been growing calls for an Indian [[app store]] that does not levy exorbitant sales tax; these two factors contributed to the creation of BharOS.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title='BharOS' vs Android: India Needs Not Just a Self-Reliant but Reliable Operating System |url=https://thewire.in/tech/india-bharos-mobile-operating-system |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; It aims to reduce India's dependence on foreign software and promote the use of Indian technology (despite being an Android [[Fork (software development)|fork]] itself).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/bharos-ready-for-launch-govt-private-firms-do-a-reality-check-11674666012046.html|title=BharOS ready for launch; govt, private firms do a reality check|first=Gulveen|last=Aulakh|date=January 25, 2023|website=mint|access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The operating system was introduced by JandKops, a startup company incubated at [[IIT Madras]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/iit-madras-incubated-firm-develops-indigenous-mobile-operating-system-3707736|title=IIT-Madras Incubated Firm Develops Indigenous Mobile Operating System|website=NDTV.com|access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian ministers [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] and [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] publicly launched the operating system on January 19, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=EduMinOfIndia|number=1616085879684231171|title=Paving a way for Atmanirbhar Bharat!}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/bharos-why-seeing-the-indian-operating-system-on-a-smartphone-wont-be-easy-8404494/|title=Can India's BharOS replace Android, iOS? Tough road ahead|date=January 25, 2023|access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/bharos-vaishnaw-pradhan-test-made-in-india-mobile-operating-system-developed-by-iit-madras/videoshow/97271838.cms|title=BharOS: Vaishnaw, Pradhan test 'Made In India' mobile operating system developed by IIT Madras|website=The Economic Times|date=January 24, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Features ==<br /> BharOS targets security-conscious groups and does not come with any preinstalled third-party programs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=January 26, 2023 |title=Open Sesame: BharOS makes it possible to break the stranglehold of Android. It requires support |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-editorials/open-sesame-bharos-makes-it-possible-to-break-the-stranglehold-of-android-it-requires-support/ |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=Times of India Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-bhar-os-or-bharat-os-the-made-in-india-operating-system-that-wants-to-take-on-android-12044232.html|title=What is BharOS, the new mobile operating system made in India that wants to take on Android?|date=January 25, 2023|access-date=January 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; This approach gives the user 'more freedom and control' over the permissions that are available to apps on their device. Users can choose to grant permissions only to apps that they require to access certain features or data on their device.&lt;ref name=features/&gt; The software can be installed on commercially available handsets, providing users with a secure environment, the company stated in a statement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IIT Madras-incubated firm develops BharOS, India's rival to android |url=https://newsonair.com/2023/01/24/iit-madras-incubated-firm-develops-bharos-indias-rival-to-android/ |access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new operating system will provide access to trusted apps via organisation-specific Private App Store Services (PASS), which is a list of curated apps that meet security and privacy standards.&lt;ref name=features&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/bharos-to-give-stiff-competition-to-googles-android-here-are-all-your-questions-answered-2325271-2023-01-23|title=BharOS, a new rival to Android? Here are all your question answered |last=Bhati |first=Divya |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230929211713/https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/bharos-to-give-stiff-competition-to-googles-android-here-are-all-your-questions-answered-2325271-2023-01-23 |archive-date=29 Sep 2023|website=India Today|date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At a panel discussion, Karthik Ayyar, the Director of JandKops, indicated that only applicable security updates will be applied to BharOS devices in closed group networks&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7My5NqDruAE |title=[REPLAY] BharOS Panel Discussion |language=en |access-date=2024-04-07 |via=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Criticism ==<br /> Divya Bhati writing for ''[[India Today]]'' noted that instructions on downloading, installing BharOS on compatible devices, or plans for new devices, or its support for security and software updates were scant.{{r|features}}<br /> In September 2023, a fork of [[GrapheneOS]] containing references to BharOS was made public on [[GitHub]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=Leaked GitHub repo raises questions on IITM's BharOS: Story so far |url=https://www.techcircle.in/2023/10/03/leaked-github-repo-raises-questions-on-iitm-s-bharos-story-so-far |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=Techcircle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although the GitHub Profile of [https://github.com/sadhasiva1984 Sadhasiva], which hosted the code has since been deleted, it can be viewed through unofficial forks by archival websites.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 September 2023 |title=Github Repo of sadhasiva1984 |url=https://github.com/sadhasiva1984 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://git.it-kuny.ch/BharOS/ |archive-date=30 September 2023 |website=Github}}&lt;/ref&gt; Through a tweet, IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation identified the code to have originated from Megam Solutions, a [[Chennai]]-based software company which was not connected with JandKops. However, IITM Pravartak Technologies Foundation is a client of Megam Solutions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Megam Solutions |url=https://megamsolutions.com/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=megamsolutions.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a subsequent tweet, the organization highlighted communications with the CEO of Megam Solutions, that the name BharOS was unintentionally used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IITM Pravartak on X |url=https://twitter.com/IITMPravartak/status/1708139234106982668 |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ayyar, stated that the operating system would remain closed source software due to &quot;organizational reasons&quot;. Ayyar indicated that he did not have the authority to make decisions regarding whether BharOS's source code would be open or closed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Agam's Tech Tricks |url=https://t.me/agamtechtricks/8316 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Telegram}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Android}}<br /> {{Linux distributions}}<br /> {{Mobile operating systems}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State-sponsored Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:2023 software]]<br /> [[Category:Mobile Linux]]<br /> [[Category:Android (operating system) software]]<br /> [[Category:ARM operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Computing platforms]]<br /> [[Category:Custom Android firmware]]<br /> [[Category:Embedded Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Linux distributions without systemd]]<br /> [[Category:Mobile software]]<br /> [[Category:Operating system families]]<br /> [[Category:Software using the Apache license]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor_Radhakrishnan_Hockey_Stadium&diff=517030 2025-12-28T07:31:57Z

<p>Aranyam: made a stub from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Building in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox venue<br /> | name = Mayor Radhakrishnan Hockey Stadium<br /> | nickname = <br /> | image = Mayor Radhakrishnan hockey stadium.jpg<br /> | fullname = Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium<br /> | location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13.0756|80.2626|display=inline,title}}<br /> | broke_ground = <br /> | built = 1995<br /> | opened = <br /> | renovated = 2005<br /> | expanded = <br /> | closed = <br /> | demolished = <br /> | owner = Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu<br /> | operator = <br /> | surface = Artificial Turf<br /> | construction_cost = {{INRconvert|8|c}}<br /> | architect = <br /> | structural_engineer = <br /> | services_engineer = <br /> | general_contractor = <br /> | project_manager = <br /> | main_contractors = <br /> | former_names = <br /> | tenants = Chennai Cheetahs (2012)<br /> | seating_capacity = 8,670<br /> | public_transit = [[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|MTC]]}}<br /> <br /> '''Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium''' is a [[field hockey]] stadium at [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Named after [[M. Radhakrishna Pillai]], it was the venue to the [[1996 Men's Champions Trophy (field hockey)|1996 Men's Champions Trophy]], and hosted the [[2005 Men's Champions Trophy (field hockey)|tournament]] again in December 2005. It was also the venue for 2007 edition of Asian Hockey Championship, in which India triumphed by a thumping margin of 7–2 over South Korea. It is one of the International Hockey stadiums situated at Tamil Nadu, followed by the [[Madurai International Hockey Stadium]] at [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<br /> The stadium is also the venue for all division matches of the Chennai Hockey Association and the home ground of the [[World Series Hockey]] team [[Chennai Cheetahs]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/worldserieshockey/team-profile/chennaicheetahs |title=World Series Hockey |website=www.indianexpress.com |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126083742/http://www.indianexpress.com/worldserieshockey/team-profile/chennaicheetahs |archive-date=26 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Major international events==<br /> <br /> ===1996 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy===<br /> {{Main|1996 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy}}<br /> The 1996 Men's Champions Trophy took place from 7–15 December 1996 in the newly built Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium in Madras (now Chennai), India. Participating nations in this post-Olympic tournament were: Australia, titleholders Germany, hosting nation India, Netherlands, Pakistan, and Spain.<br /> <br /> ===2005 Hockey Champions Trophy===<br /> {{Main|2005 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy}}<br /> The 2005 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy is the 27th tournament of the Hockey Champions Trophy for men. It was held in Chennai, India from 10 to 18 December 2005.<br /> <br /> ===2007 Men's Hockey Asia Cup===<br /> {{Main|2007 Men's Hockey Asia Cup}}<br /> The 2007 Men's Hockey Asia Cup is the seventh tournament of the Hockey Asia Cup for men. It was held from 31 August – 9 September 2007 in Chennai, India.India claimed the gold, Korea the silver and Malaysia the bronze.<br /> <br /> ==Major domestic events==<br /> # All India MCC Murugappa Gold Cup Hockey Tournament, Chennai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.murugappa.com/Hockey2013/index.html |title=Murugappa Group &amp;#124; Murugappa Gold Cup Hockey Tournament |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727072209/http://www.murugappa.com/Hockey2013/index.html |archive-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 2012 World Series Hockey<br /> <br /> ==Renovation==<br /> In 2004, the stadium was redesigned and upgraded by the Sports Authority of Tamil Nadu to prepare the venue for hosting the 2005 Champions Trophy in December. After the renovation drive, the stadium features a re-laid synthetic hockey surface and floodlights of international standards.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Madurai International Hockey Stadium]]<br /> *[[2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Portal|India|Sports}}<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Chennai Topics}}<br /> {{Sport venues in Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Field hockey venues in India]]<br /> [[Category:Sports venues in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Sports venues completed in 1995]]<br /> [[Category:1995 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sriramapura_(Budihal),_Hosadurga&diff=537228 2025-12-16T10:40:42Z

<p>Aranyam: adding new data</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sriramapura<br /> | native_name = Sirumanapura, Budhihal<br /> | native_name_lang = ಶ್ರೀರಾಂಪುರ<br /> | other_name = Narayanapura<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13.8|N|76.29|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Chitradurga]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | parts_type = [[Taluka]]s<br /> | parts = Hosadurga<br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 5174<br /> | population_as_of = 2001<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sriramapura ('''also known as''' Budihal or Boodihalu) ''' is a town in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot;&gt;Village code= 1025600 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 &amp; above|publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=2008-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located in the [[Hosadurga]] [[taluk]] of [[Chitradurga district]] in Karnataka. <br /> <br /> == Disambiguation ==<br /> The names Srirampura an budihal are common place names in south India. <br /> <br /> The name Srirampura must be distinguished from <br /> <br /> # [[Srirampura]], Mysore District<br /> # [[Srirampura metro station]], Bengaluru<br /> <br /> The name Budihal is also used for other places in Karnataka, including: <br /> <br /> # Budihal in [[Nelamangala|Nelamangala Taluk]], Bangalore Rural District<br /> # Budihal in [[Chikkodi|Chikodi]] Taluk, Belgaum District<br /> # Budihal in [[Surapura]] Taluk, Yadgir District <br /> # Budihal in [[Nargund]] Taluk, Gadag District<br /> # Budihal in [[Koppal]] Taluk, Koppal District<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Budihal was governed by the Budihal Nayakas during the 15th century. Among the notable rulers was Sirumananayaka, from whose name the modern town of Srirampura is believed to derive its name. Historical documentation of the Budihal Nayakas is limited. However, literary references to their rule appear in three works: ''Sirumananayaka Sangthya'' by Siddakavi, ''Gollasirumanacharite'' by Gollakavi, and ''Sinumanacharite'' by Ramakavi. These texts were compiled by [[M. M. Kalburgi]]. <br /> <br /> According to ''Golla Sirimanacharithe'', the Budihal Palyegar dynasty was established during the reign of Praudha Devaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire, estimated to be around 1435–1460 CE. The dynasty was founded by Kachanayaka, whose sons Sirumana and Malla are said to have governed Budihal and Heggeri respectively. Sirumana's territory reportedly extended to include Hiriyur, Honnavalli, Ekkati, Kandikere, Haaranahalli, Halukurike, Asandi, and Baguru. The Budihal dynasty's rule concluded when Narasimharaya of Chandragiri defeated Sirumananayak Sirumananayaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=ಮಹಾಂತೇಶ ಎನ್.ಎಸ್ |url=http://archive.org/details/kuh.512.mah.049404 |title=ಹೊಸದುರ್ಗ ತಾಲೂಕಿನ ಪರಿಸರ: ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ |date=2012 |publisher=ಕನ್ನಡ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ, ಹಂಪಿ |others=Servants of Knowledge |language=Kannada}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During his expedition in 1801 CE, Francis Buchanan, a Scottish physician and naturalist, documented the presence of mines in the then Budihal district. He noted that the inhabitants of Budihal were suffering from an unidentified fever and were awaiting the onset of the rainy season for relief.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Francis |url=http://archive.org/details/journeyfrommadra03hami |title=A journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, performed under the orders of the most noble the Marquis Wellesley, governor general of India, for the express purpose of investigating the state of agriculture, arts, and commerce; the religion, manners, and customs; the history natural and civil, and antiquities, in the dominions of the rajah of Mysore, and the countries acquired by the Honourable East India company |last2=East India Company cn |date=1807 |publisher=London, T. Cadell and W. Davies |others=University of Pittsburgh Library System |pages=380}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> As of 2001 India [[census]], Sriramapura had a population of 5,174 with 2,639 males and 2,535 females.&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Local Governance ==<br /> Srirampura serves as the headquarters of its Srirampura Grama Panchayat. Villages fall under this Grama Panchayat include Banapura, Kachapura, Gavirangapura, Goolihalli, Heggere, and Belagur.<br /> <br /> == Guru Parappa Swamy ==<br /> In 1905, a local mutt (Hindu monastery) dedicated to Parappa Swamy, a late 18th-century mystic was established. The primary deity, Parappa Swamy is depicted as a monk in a squatting position smoking cannabis. Local devotees regard him as a divine figure.<br /> <br /> Parappa Swamy advocated the use of cannabis as a means of enhancing spiritual awareness. According to temple priests, the traditional use of cannabis at the site was historically restricted to elderly individuals without familial obligations, though the practice has been discouraged in recent years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pratima Murthy |url=http://archive.org/details/sochara.drugabuseinbanga0000prat |title=Drug Abuse In Bangalore City |publisher=National Institute Of Mental Health And Neuro Scinces |others=Servants of Knowledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The temple's annual ''rathotsava'' (chariot festival) is celebrated each April.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * http://Chitradurga.nic.in/<br /> <br /> {{Settlements in Chitradurga district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Chitradurga district]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%27s_Best_Dancer_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_1&diff=503995 2025-11-26T18:28:46Z

<p>Aranyam: added a stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> '''''India's Best Dancer 1''''' is the first season of the Indian [[reality TV]] series [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series)|India's Best Dancer]]. It premiered on 29 February 2020 on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]] and [[Sony Entertainment Television Asia]]. This season was hosted by [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]] and [[Bharti Singh]]. The Grand Finale was aired on 22 November 2020 and the winner was Tiger Pop.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 November 2020|title=India's Best Dancer winner: Tiger Pop lifts the trophy of the first season; takes home a cash prize of Rs 15 lakh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-best-dancer-winner-tiger-pop-lifts-the-trophy-of-the-first-season-takes-home-cash-prize-of-rs-15-lakh/articleshow/79357190.cms|website=Times Of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;Contestant Sadhwi Majumdar later appeared as a Choreographer in [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi season 2)|India's Best Dancer (Season 2)]] and Contestants Swetha Warrier, Subhranil Paul and Paramdeep Singh appeared as Choreographers in [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 3|India's Best Dancer (Season 3)]] and Subhranil Paul appeared as Choreographer in [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 4|India's Best Dancer (Season 4)]] also.<br /> <br /> {{Infobox television season<br /> | image = <br /> | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season<br /> | judges = [[Geeta Kapoor]]&lt;br&gt;[[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]&lt;br&gt;[[Malaika Arora]]<br /> | host = [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bharti Singh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bharti-singh-and-hubby-haarsh-limbachiyaa-all-set-turn-hosts-india-s-best-dancer-deets-inside-494544|title=India's Best Dancer: Bharti and Haarsh is all set to turn hosts for India’s Best Dancer|website=Pinkvilla|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | num_contestants = 13<br /> | winner = Tiger Pop&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 November 2020|title=Tiger Pop is India's Best Dancer winner<br /> |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/tiger-pop-is-india-s-best-dancer-winner-1743081-2020-11-22<br /> |website=India West|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | winner_mentor = [[Vartika Jha]]<br /> | runner_up = Mukul Gain<br /> }}<br /> | num_episodes = 48<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2020|02|29|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2020|11|22|df=y}}<br /> | network = [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Top 13 Contestants ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; text-align:center; font-size:80%; line-height:15px; width:auto;&quot;<br /> |+India's Best Dancer Top 13<br /> ! Contestants<br /> ! City<br /> ! Choreographers<br /> ! Status<br /> !Place<br /> |-<br /> | Tiger Pop<br /> | [[Gurugram]]<br /> | [[Vartika Jha]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:green; text-align:center;&quot; |{{white|Winner&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}}}<br /> |1st<br /> |-<br /> | Mukul Gain<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | Pratik Utekar <br /> | style=&quot;background: silver; text-align:center;&quot; |1st Runner-up&lt;br&gt;{{small|22 November 2020}}<br /> |2nd<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Swetha Warrier<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kerala]]<br /> | Aishwarya Radhakrishnan <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:tan; text-align:center;&quot; |2nd Runner-up&lt;br&gt;{{small|22 November 2020}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3rd<br /> |-<br /> | Bhawna Khanduja <br /> |-<br /> | Shubhranil Paul<br /> | [[Siliguri]]<br /> | Pankaj Thapa <br /> | style=&quot;background:#d1c571; text-align:center;&quot; |3rd Runner-up&lt;br&gt;{{small|22 November 2020}}<br /> |4th<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Paramdeep Singh<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Anuradha Iyenagar <br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|16 August 2020}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |5th<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:#E6E6FA; text-align:center;&quot; |4th Runner-up&lt;br&gt;{{small|22 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Adnan Ahmed Khan<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Assam]]<br /> | Sushant Khatri <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |6th<br /> |-<br /> | Noel Alexander <br /> |-<br /> | Aman Shah<br /> | [[Rishikesh]]<br /> | Sagar Bora <br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rutuja Junnarkar <br /> | [[Pune]]<br /> | Ashish Patil<br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | Md. Akib<br /> | [[West Midnapore]]<br /> | Paul Marshal <br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raj Sharma <br /> | [[Gwalior]]<br /> | Vaibhav Ghuge<br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sonal Vichare<br /> | [[Mumbai]]<br /> | Tushar Shetty<br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|14 November 2020}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sadhwi Majumdar<br /> | [[Agartala]]<br /> | Himanshu Parihar <br /> | style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|23 August 2020}}<br /> |12th<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Himanshi Gurheriya <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Haryana]]<br /> | Rishabh Sharma <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8; text-align:center;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br&gt;{{small|26 July 2020}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |13th<br /> |-<br /> | Amardeep Singh Natt <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Episodes==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#804848 |overall= |season= |title= |airdate= |aux3= |aux4= |country= |aux3T= Length (minutes) |aux4T=Episode link<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br /> |Title = Dancers Rock the Inauguration<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|02|29}}<br /> |Aux3 = 75 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/dancers-rock-the-inauguration-29-February-2020-1000037107 Episode 1]<br /> |ShortSummary = After an exciting and competitive round of auditions, 'India's Best Dancer' finally takes off with a bang, and amazing performances impress the judges, and some stories melt their hearts.<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br /> |Title = Suraj’s Shining Moments<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|1}}<br /> |Aux3 = 75 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/suraj’s-shining-moments-29-February-2020-1000037109 Episode 2]<br /> |ShortSummary = Dancers from all over InIndi, audition for the India's Best Dancer but only few of them go into the next round. Watch this episode to experience various dance performances along with Suraj's shining moments.<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br /> |Title = Tiger Pop’s Dream Come True<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|7}}<br /> |Aux3 = 78 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/tiger-pop’s-dream-come-true-29-February-2020-1000037144 Episode 3]<br /> |ShortSummary = 90 seconds is all that is there is for the contestants to impress the judges. Who will get selected, and who will return home? Let's watch.<br /> <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br /> |Title = The Selection Turns Tough<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|8}}<br /> |Aux3 = 78 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/the-selection-turns-tough-29-February-2020-1000037925 Episode 4]<br /> |ShortSummary = India's-Best-Dancer<br /> It's the last day of the selection round, and the last chance for the contestants, let's see what happens?<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br /> |Title = Sadhwi And Rutuja In ‘Top 12’<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|14}}<br /> |Aux3 = 79 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/sadhwi-and-rutuja-in-‘top-12’-29-February-2020-1000037924 Episode 5]<br /> |ShortSummary = India's-Best-Dancer<br /> The dance off battle starts between the contestants. Who will make it to 'Top 12'? Let's watch now<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br /> |Title = Who Will Be The Final 'Top 12'?<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|15}}<br /> |Aux3 = 77 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/who-will-be-the-final-'top-12'?-29-February-2020-1000037179 Episode 6]<br /> |ShortSummary = India's-Best-Dancer<br /> It's the final round of the mega auditions, where the judges will decide the final contestants for 'Top 12'. Who will get selected?<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br /> |Title = The Grand Premiere<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|21}}<br /> |Aux3 = 46 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/the-grand-premiere-29-February-2020-1000037214 Episode 7]<br /> |ShortSummary = India's-Best-Dancer<br /> The grand premiere starts with some dazzling performances on the stage. Don't miss it!!<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 8<br /> |Title = Contestants Dazzle At The Grand Premiere<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|22}}<br /> |Aux3 = 57 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india's-best-dancer-1700000180/contestants-dazzle-at-the-grand-premiere-29-February-2020-1000037216 Episode 8]<br /> |ShortSummary = India's-Best-Dancer<br /> Power-packed performances continue to take our breath away on India's Best Dancer Grand Premiere. Miss it NOT!<br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 9<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 9<br /> |Title = The Judges Are Super Impressed<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|28}}<br /> |Aux3 = 41 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 10<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 10<br /> |Title = Everlasting Grand Premiere<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|03|29}}<br /> |Aux3 = 45 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 11<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 11<br /> |Title = God of Dance<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|07|18}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 12<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 12<br /> |Title = Express With Some Moves<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|7|19}}<br /> |Aux3 = 82 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 13<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 13<br /> |Title = Good Old Bollywood<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|07|25}}<br /> |Aux3 = 81 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 14<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 14<br /> |Title = First Step To Success!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|07|26}}<br /> |Aux3 = 81 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 15<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 15<br /> |Title = The Celebrations Are On!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|1}}<br /> |Aux3 = 75 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 16<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 16<br /> |Title = A Second Chance?<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|2}}<br /> |Aux3 = 75 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 17<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 17<br /> |Title = Better Than Before<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|8}}<br /> |Aux3 = 79 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 18<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 18<br /> |Title = The Path Gets Tougher!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|9}}<br /> |Aux3 = 72 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 19<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 19<br /> |Title = Celebrating India’s Freedom<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|15}}<br /> |Aux3 = 80 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 20<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 20<br /> |Title = Entertainment Unlimited<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|16}}<br /> |Aux3 = 72 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 21<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 21<br /> |Title = Ganesh Mahotsav Begins!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|22}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 22<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 22<br /> |Title = Dance Ka Complete Package<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|23}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 23<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 23<br /> |Title = Nora And Secrets<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|29}}<br /> |Aux3 = 73 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 24<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 24<br /> |Title = Dilbar Nora Is Fully Fida!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|08|30}}<br /> |Aux3 = 73 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 25<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 25<br /> |Title = Adlaa Badli Ka Hungama<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|05}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 26<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 26<br /> |Title = Raghav And Shakti’s Dance Tadka<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|06}}<br /> |Aux3 = 74 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 27<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 27<br /> |Title = Shotgun Sinha On India’s Best Dancer<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|12}}<br /> |Aux3 = 73 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 28<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 28<br /> |Title = A Romantic Ambience On India’s Best Dancer<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|13}}<br /> |Aux3 = 65 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 29<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 29<br /> |Title = Arun-Dipika Spread Bhakti Ki Lahar<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|19}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 30<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 30<br /> |Title = Retro Special With Neha-Sunny<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|20}}<br /> |Aux3 = 70 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 31<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 31<br /> |Title = The Dance Express With Chunky And Shakti<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|26}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 32<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 32<br /> |Title = Bad Man Meets Crime Master Gogo<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|09|27}}<br /> |Aux3 = 71 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 33<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 33<br /> |Title = India’s Best Dancer X Super Dancer<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|03}}<br /> |Aux3 = 71 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 34<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 34<br /> |Title = Goodbye, Sweet Nora<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|04}}<br /> |Aux3 = 74 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 35<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 35<br /> |Title = Dashing Guru, Divalicious Dhvani<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|10}}<br /> |Aux3 = 73 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 36<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 36<br /> |Title = The Folk Funk With Ila Arun<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|11}}<br /> |Aux3 = 72 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 37<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 37<br /> |Title = Farah Says - Lights, Camera, Romance!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|17}}<br /> |Aux3 = 74 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 38<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 38<br /> |Title = Romance Extravaganza With Farah<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|18}}<br /> |Aux3 = 61 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 39<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 39<br /> |Title = A Glittering Night With RajKummar-Nushrratt<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|24}}<br /> |Aux3 = 68 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 40<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 40<br /> |Title = Dazzling Dussehra With Nora<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|25}}<br /> |Aux3 = 71 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 41<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 41<br /> |Title = Entertainment Bonanza With Taarak Team<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|31}}<br /> |Aux3 = 72 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 42<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 42<br /> |Title = Dance Mania With Taarak Mehta Team<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|1}}<br /> |Aux3 = 72 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 43<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 43<br /> |Title = Ek Shaam Remo Ke Naam<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|07}}<br /> |Aux3 = 75 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 44<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 44<br /> |Title = Sudha Chandran Adds Chaar Chaand<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|8}}<br /> |Aux3 = 79 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 45<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 45<br /> |Title = Welcome The Best Five!<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|14}}<br /> |Aux3 = 76 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 46<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 46<br /> |Title = Bedazzling Diwali With Himesh-Vishal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|15}}<br /> |Aux3 = 94 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 47<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 47<br /> |Title = The Eve Of Grand Finale<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|21}}<br /> |Aux3 = 70 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 48<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 48<br /> |Title = The Glittering Grand Finale<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|22}}<br /> |Aux3 = 228 Minutes<br /> |Aux4 = <br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Scoring Chart==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:80%; line-height:15px;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:6%;&quot; |Contestants<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Choreographers<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Grand Opening<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%;red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 1<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 2<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; | Week 3<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 4<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 5<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 6<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; red-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 7<br /> !Week 8-11<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 12<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 13<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-space:nowrap;&quot; | Week 19<br /> <br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; | Week 15<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; | Week 16<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%; white-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; | Week 17<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:6%; white-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; | Week 18<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:6%; white-Pspace:nowrap;&quot; bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | '''GRAND FINALE'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21–29 March<br /> ! 18–19 July<br /> ! 25–26 July<br /> ! 1–4 August<br /> ! 8–9 August<br /> ! 15–16 August<br /> ! 22–23 August<br /> ! 29–30 August<br /> !5-27 September <br /> ! 3–4 October<br /> ! 10–11 October<br /> ! 17–18 October<br /> ! 24–25 October<br /> ! 31 October – 1 November<br /> ! 7–8 November<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 14–15 November<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 21–22 November<br /> |-style=&quot;background:#7ffd44;&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total Score<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No Points Given''<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''30'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;12&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No Points Given''<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''30'''<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No Points Given''<br /> |-<br /> ! Tiger Pop<br /> | Vartika<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background:#daf7a6;&quot; |Advanced to Top 13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ccc&quot; |No Points Given<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 28<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 28<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | Finalist<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; &quot; class=&quot;yes table-yes2&quot; |'''Winner'''<br /> |-<br /> ! Mukul<br /> | Pratik<br /> | 22<br /> | 29<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 23<br /> | 29<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 29<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 28<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | Finalist<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: #D1E8EF; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;table-cast&quot; |'''1st Runner-Up'''<br /> |-<br /> !Swetha<br /> | Bhawna<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |24<br /> |29<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |28<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |27<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | Finalist<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#7FFFD4;&quot; | '''2nd Runner-Up'''<br /> |-<br /> ! Subhranil<br /> | Pankaj<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 23<br /> | 27<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 28<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | Finalist<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: #DDA0DD;&quot; | '''3rd Runner-Up'''<br /> |-<br /> ! Paramdeep<br /> | Anuradha<br /> | 27<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 22<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 4)<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow&quot; | Finalist<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;&quot; | '''4th Runner-Up'''<br /> |-<br /> !Adnan<br /> |Noel<br /> |24<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |23<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#808000&quot;| NP<br /> |22<br /> |23<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |24<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |27<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Akib<br /> | Paul<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 24<br /> | 25<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 21<br /> | style=&quot;background:#808000&quot;| NP<br /> | 27<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 24<br /> | 24<br /> | 27<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Aman<br /> | Sagar<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; bgcolor=beige|'''WILD CARD'''<br /> | 29<br /> | 24<br /> | 25<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 27<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Raj<br /> | Vaibhav<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#daf7a6;&quot; |Advanced to Top 13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|No Points Given<br /> | 24<br /> | 23<br /> | 28<br /> | style=&quot;background:#808000&quot;| NP<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 28<br /> | 22<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 25<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 24<br /> | 22<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Rutuja<br /> | Ashish<br /> | 28<br /> | 27<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 25<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 29<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | 22<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background: #F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Sonal<br /> | Tushar<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 29<br /> | 26<br /> | 22<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 24<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 27<br /> | 28<br /> | 26<br /> | 26<br /> | 27<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 18)<br /> |-<br /> ! Sadhwi<br /> | Himanshu<br /> | 23<br /> | 29<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;| 30<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FBF373&quot;|30<br /> | 22<br /> | colspan=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 7)<br /> |-<br /> !Himanshi<br /> |Rishabh<br /> |23<br /> | colspan=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;background: #F08080 &quot; | ''Eliminated''&lt;br&gt;(Week 2)<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | BTM<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccc&quot;|'' None''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;|Himanshi&lt;br /&gt;Mukul&lt;br /&gt;Sadhwi<br /> |style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;| Raj&lt;br /&gt;Akib<br /> |style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;| Paramdeep&lt;br /&gt;Swetha<br /> |style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;| Sonal&lt;br /&gt;Adnan<br /> |style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;| Akib&lt;br /&gt;Sadhwi<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;|Sonal&lt;br&gt;Rutuja&lt;br&gt;Shweta<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ccc&quot; |''None''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;|Swetha &lt;br&gt;Paramdeep&lt;br&gt; Raj &lt;br&gt;Adnan &lt;br&gt;Akib &lt;br&gt;Rutuja &lt;br&gt;Sonal &lt;br&gt;Aman<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#959FFD&quot;|'''Tiger Pop&lt;br&gt; Subhranil&lt;br&gt; Swetha&lt;br&gt; Paramdeep &lt;br&gt;Mukul'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Eliminated<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No&lt;br /&gt;Elimination''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Himanshi'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No&lt;br /&gt;Elimination''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Paramdeep'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No&lt;br /&gt;Elimination''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Sadhwi'''<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=#ccc|''No&lt;br /&gt;Elimination''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Rutuja'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Raj'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;&quot; |'''Paramdeep'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center;&quot; |'''Subhranil'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Sonal'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Adnan'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#7FFFD4;&quot; |'''Swetha'''<br /> |style=&quot;background: #D1E8EF;&quot;|'''Mukul'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Aman'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:#F08080&quot; |'''Akib'''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=lightgreen|'''Tiger Pop'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Guests==<br /> * Special Appearance states that the guest didn't come for any promotion or the episode didn't have any theme.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; background: white; width:100%;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Date<br /> !Guest<br /> !Featured<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |18–19 July<br /> |[[Remo D'Souza]]<br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |8–9 August<br /> |[[Dharmesh Yelande]]<br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |15–16 August<br /> |[[Sonu Sood]]<br /> |Azaadi Special<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 August 2020|title=Sonu Sood and Malaika Arora recreate Munni Badnaam Hui on India’s Best Dancer<br /> |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sonu-sood-and-malaika-arora-recreate-munni-badnaam-hui-on-india-s-best-dancer-1710719-2020-08-13<br /> |website=India Today|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |22–23 August<br /> |[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] and [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]]<br /> |Ganesh Chaturthi Special<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 August 2020|title=‘India’s Best Dancer’ Special Guest Sachin Pilgaonkar Spills the Beans on His Contribution to Cult Films 'Sholay' And 'Anand'|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/india-s-best-dancer-special-guest-sachin-pilgaonkar-spills-the-beans-on-his-contribution-to/article_d225ae3e-e49f-11ea-8c98-83796f567b1a.html|website=India West|language=en|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114193216/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/india-s-best-dancer-special-guest-sachin-pilgaonkar-spills-the-beans-on-his-contribution-to/article_d225ae3e-e49f-11ea-8c98-83796f567b1a.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |29–30 August<br /> |[[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> |Promotion Of Song Pachtaoge (Female Version)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5–6 September<br /> |[[Raghav Juyal]] and [[Shakti Mohan]]<br /> |Choreographer Swap Week (Adla Badli) Special + Wild Card Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |12 September<br /> |[[Shatrughan Sinha]] and [[Poonam Sinha]]<br /> |Thank You Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |13 September<br /> |[[Varun Badola]], [[Shweta Tiwari]], [[Anjali Tatrari]], [[Salman Yusuff Khan]] and [[Zaara Yesmin]]<br /> |Shaadi Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |19 September<br /> |[[Arun Govil]] and [[Dipika Chikhlia]]<br /> |Mythology Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |20 September<br /> |[[Neha Kakkar]] and [[Sunny Kaushal]]<br /> |Retro Special + Promotion Of Song Taaron Ke Shehar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |26 September<br /> |[[Shakti Kapoor]] and [[Chunky Pandey]]<br /> |Comedy Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |27 September<br /> |[[Gulshan Grover]] and [[Shakti Kapoor]]<br /> |Villain Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3–4 October<br /> |Ex-contestants of [[Super Dancer]]<br /> |India's Best Dancer × Super Dancer Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |10 October<br /> |[[Guru Randhawa]] and [[Dhvani Bhanushali]]<br /> |Promotion of song Baby Girl + Folk Fusion Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |11 October<br /> |[[Ila Arun]]<br /> |Folk Fusion Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |17 October<br /> |[[Farah Khan]]<br /> |Romance Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |18 October<br /> |Farah Khan, [[Divya Khosla Kumar]] and [[Darshan Raval]]<br /> |Singers came for the promotion of the song Teri Aankhon Mein + Romance Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |24 October<br /> |[[Rajkumar Rao]] and [[Nushrat Bharucha]]<br /> |Promotion of film [[Chhalaang]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |25 October<br /> |[[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> |Promotion of song Naach Meri Rani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |31 October – 1 November<br /> |Cast of the show [[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]<br /> |IBD × TMKOC Special + Celebrating 3000 episodes of TMKOC<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |7 November<br /> |[[Remo D'Souza]], [[Punit Pathak]], [[Salman Yusuff Khan]], Abhinav, Sushant Pujari and [[Rahul Shetty]]<br /> |Judges Challenge Special-I and to promote Log Kya Kahenge song.<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |8 November<br /> |[[Sudha Chandran]] and [[Tulsi Kumar]]<br /> |Judges Challenge Special-II<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |15 November<br /> |[[Himesh Reshamiya]], [[Vishal Dadlani]] and [[Aditya Narayan]]<br /> |To promote [[Indian Idol|Indian Idol 12]] + Diwali Special<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |22 November<br /> |[[Raghav Juyal]], [[Dharmesh Yelande]], [[Krushna Abhishek]] and [[Pooja Sawant]]<br /> |Grand Finale<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india-s-best-dancer-1700000180 India's Best Dancer] on [[Sony Liv]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:India's Best Dancer seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television seasons]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manoj_Chakraborty&diff=474632 2025-11-25T06:45:12Z

<p>Aranyam: correct references also and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Manoj Chakraborty<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|04|08|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]], India<br /> | residence = [[Kolkata]]<br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | office = [[Minister (government)|Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs]]<br /> | term_start = 20 May 2011<br /> | term_end = 18 January 2012<br /> | constituency = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor =<br /> | office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br /> | term_start2 = 2006<br /> | term_end2 = 2021<br /> | constituency2 = [[Baharampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]]<br /> | predecessor2 = Maya Rani Paul<br /> | successor2 = Subrata Moitra (Kanchan)<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | spouse =<br /> | college =<br /> | children =<br /> | alma_mater = [[Berhampore College]] ([[B.Com]])<br /> | faculty =<br /> | website =<br /> | source =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Manoj Chakraborty''' is an Indian [[politician]] and was Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs in the [[Government of West Bengal]]. He is also an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], elected from the [[Baharampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]] constituency in the [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&amp;action=e&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&amp;mode=view|title=Ministers in Mamata's Cabinet|accessdate=22 May 2011|publisher=[[Government of West Bengal]]|date=21 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005213008/http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&amp;action=e&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&amp;mode=view|archive-date=5 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525085921/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mamata-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers/153060-37.html Mamata allots portfolios, keeps key ministries]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/election-news/story/20090601-all-the-didis-men-739813-2009-05-22 | title=All the Didi's men | date=22 May 2009 | first=Abhijit | last=Dasgupta | work=India Today | accessdate=3 June 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Manoj Chakraborty resigned from the state cabinet on 18 January 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/mamata-banerjee-trinamool-congress-leader-manoj-chakraborty-90015-2012-01-17 |title = WB: Congress leader says Mamata govt 'dictatorial', quits| date=18 January 2012 |publisher= India Today 18 January 2012| access-date = 14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Manoj Chakraborty shot into prominence when in the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]] as an independent he won the Berhampore assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Amal Karmakar of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]. Manoj Chakraborty, contesting as an independent, was a rebel Congress candidate put up by [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury|Adhir Choudhury]] as a protest against the official Congress candidate Maya Rani Paul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060512/asp/bengal/story_6214010.asp| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060630164023/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060512/asp/bengal/story_6214010.asp| url-status = dead| archive-date = 30 June 2006|title = Adhir beats Cong at home | newspaper = The Telegraph 12 May 2006|accessdate = 2011-05-13 | location=Calcutta, India| date=2006-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Manoj}}<br /> [[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:People from Baharampur]]<br /> [[Category:1954 births]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._K._Venugopal&diff=471858 2025-11-19T01:46:30Z

<p>Aranyam: typo fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian constitutional lawyer}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = K. K. Venugopal<br /> | image = Kottayan Katankot Venugopal, K K Venugopal.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> <br /> | birth_name = Kottayan Katankot Venugopal<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|09|06|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kanhangad]], [[South Canara]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]&lt;br&gt;(present day [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]], India)<br /> | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br /> | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Raja Lakhamgouda Law College|Raja Lakhamgouda Law College, Belgaum]]|}}<br /> | occupation = Lawyer<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | parents =<br /> <br /> | office1 = 13th [[Attorney-General for India]]<br /> | term_start1 = {{Start date|2017|07|01|df=yes}}<br /> | term_end1 = {{End date|2022|09|30|df=yes}}<br /> | primeminister1 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Mukul Rohatgi]]<br /> | successor1 = [[R. Venkataramani]]<br /> <br /> | awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2015)|[[Padma Bhushan]] (2002)}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kottayan Katankot Venugopal''' (born 6 September 1931) is an Indian constitutional lawyer and a [[Senior Counsel|senior advocate]] in the [[Supreme Court of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=The Hindu : National : Constitutional experts criticise CEC's decision |url=http://hindu.com/2009/02/02/stories/2009020254821000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206114949/http://hindu.com/2009/02/02/stories/2009020254821000.htm |archive-date=2009-02-06 |access-date= |website=hindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was enrolled as an advocate on 27 January 1954. On 1 July 2017, he was appointed as the [[Attorney General of India]] and retired on 30 September 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/i-will-be-90-by-the-time-this-one-year-will-be-over-kk-venugopal-law-minister-ravi-shankar-prasad-speaks-on-attorney-generals-extension|title = I will be 90 by the time this one year will be over: KK Venugopal; Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad speaks on Attorney General's extension| date=12 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/senior-advocate-r-venkataramani-is-the-new-attorney-general/article65947809.ece/ | title=Senior advocate R. Venkataramani is the new Attorney General of India | newspaper=The Hindu | date=28 September 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is Patron of SAARCLAW (A regional apex body of [[SAARC]]) and earlier has been its President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.legaleraonline.com/distinguished-legal-mind-of-india/kk-venugopal-317|title=K.K. Venugopal|date=January 2019|access-date=17 September 2021|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917141155/https://www.legaleraonline.com/distinguished-legal-mind-of-india/kk-venugopal-317|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is founder of M K Nambyar SAARCLAW Centre For Advanced Legal Studies at the [[NALSAR University of Law]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nalsar.ac.in/m-k-nambyar-saarclaw-centre-advanced-legal-studies|title=M K Nambyar SAARCLAW Centre for Advanced Legal Studies &amp;#124; NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Venugopal was born in a [[Nambiar (Nair subcaste)|Nair]] family to Meloth Krishnan Nambiar and Kalyani Nambiar in [[Kanhangad]], a town in the [[South Canara]] district of the [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]]), and grew up in [[Mangalore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Meet K K Venugopal India’s 15th Attorney General; all you want to know about government’s chief legal advisor |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/meet-k-k-venugopal-indias-new-attorney-general-all-you-want-to-know-about-governments-chief-legal-advisor/743501/ |work=Financialexpress |date=3 July 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Venugopal was a student at [[St. Aloysius College, Mangalore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Meet K K Venugopal India’s 15th Attorney General; all you want to know about government’s chief legal advisor |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/meet-k-k-venugopal-indias-new-attorney-general-all-you-want-to-know-about-governments-chief-legal-advisor/743501/ |work=Financialexpress |date=3 July 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then enrolled at [[Madras Christian College]], [[Chennai]], to complete his degree in Physics and dropped out as he fell ill during the final exams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KK Venugopal is the new attorney-general: All you need to know about the supporter of judicial reforms in India |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kk-venugopal-likely-to-be-the-next-attorney-general-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-supporter-of-judicial-reforms-in-india-3750137.html |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |date=3 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Balancing inclusion with merit |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/balancing-inclusion-with-merit/ |work=The Indian Express |date=26 January 2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afterwards, he did his degree in [[Law]] at [[Raja Lakhamgouda Law College|Raja Lakhamgouda Law College, Belgaum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KK Venugopal is the new attorney-general: All you need to know about the supporter of judicial reforms in India |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kk-venugopal-likely-to-be-the-next-attorney-general-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-supporter-of-judicial-reforms-in-india-3750137.html |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |date=3 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> In 1970, K.K. Venugopal appeared in the [[Supreme Court of India]] on behalf of an aspiring medical student for his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] admission in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The opposing junior lawyer was [[P. Chidambaram]], who later became the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance Minister of India]]. He appeared on behalf of Dr. A. Peeriakaruppan s/o Dr. P. R. Annamalai MD and the Chief Justice Hegde gave the verdict on 15 January 1971 in favor of the aspiring Medical Student Periakaruppan and the State of Tamil Nadu lost its Case. This is a landmark decision, that gave more weightage for the merit rather than other influences.{{clarify |date= December 2024}}<br /> <br /> Venugopal was the President of the Supreme Court Bar Association (1990–91, 1994-95 and 1999-2000). He was President of the [[Union Internationale des Avocats]] (UIA - International Association of Lawyers) from 1996 to 1997.<br /> <br /> Venugopal has appeared in many high-profile cases. He was appointed by the [[Royal Government of Bhutan]] to serve as the Constitutional adviser for drafting of the [[Constitution of Bhutan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/meet-86-yr-old-kk-venugopal-who-replaces-mukul-rohatgi-as-attorney-general-117063001103_1.html|title=Meet 86-yr-old KK Venugopal, who replaces Mukul Rohatgi as Attorney General|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YyBZ0VOaCHPvfcAKngXjsJ/Aadhaar-triple-talaq-immediate-challenges-for-new-attorney.html|title=Aadhaar, triple talaq immediate challenges for new attorney general KK Venugopal|work=mint |date=3 July 2017 |last1=Agarwal |first1=Priyanka Mittal }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has advised the then President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, on the devolution of powers on the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka (2004). On 30 June 2017, he was appointed as the [[Attorney General of India]] under the leadership of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. He succeeded Mukul Rohatgi, who stepped down after the first term. Venugopal held the office of [[Additional Solicitor General of India|Additional Solicitor General]] in [[Janata government|Morarji Desai’s Government]]. He has appeared in a variety of cases in the last 50 years. Venugopal was appointed as [[amicus curiae]] to assist the Supreme Court in the high profile [[2G spectrum case]].<br /> <br /> He appeared for the BJP leader [[L. K. Advani]] in the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] case.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Babri Masjid Case: Supreme Court adjourns Babri demolition case hearing for two weeks |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-adjourns-babri-demolition-case-hearing-for-two-weeks/articleshow/57788685.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-05-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Other well-known lawyers have been trained under his tutelage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Parameshwar |first=K. |date=2024-05-05 |title=KK Venugopal: The Malabar Banyan |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/kk-venugopal-the-malabar-banyan |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> [[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award to Shri K.K. Venugopal, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 08, 2015.jpg|thumb|The [[President of India|President]], Shri [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Padma Vibhushan]] to Shri K. K. Venugopal, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in [[New Delhi]] on 8 April 2015]]<br /> In 2015, he was conferred [[Padma Vibhushan]] award by the [[Government of India]]. This is the second-highest civilian honour in India. In 2002, he was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian honour. He was awarded the Vidhi Ratna in 2023 by the Bar Council of India for his outstanding contribution to the Legal Profession. He received the &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award&quot; from the US-India Business Council in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was conferred the Honoris Causa Degree of Doctor of Laws by (1) the Utkal University, Orissa, in 2010; (2) by the Chanakya National Law University, Patna, in 2018; and (3) by the NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, in 2019.<br /> <br /> ==Opinion on judicial reforms==<br /> {{See also|Judiciary of India}}<br /> Venugopal is one of the main advocates for judicial reforms in India.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He is against the creation of regional benches of the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Instead, he recommends that Courts of Appeal be established in the four regions of the country, who finally decide on appeals from the High Court judgments in all cases other than cases of national importance which affect the whole country, disputes between States or between States and the Centre, [[Presidential reference]]s and substantial questions of law relating to interpretation of the Constitution. This will relieve the burden on the Supreme Court.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conversation with Constitutional Law Expert and Senior Advocate KK Venugopal&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Conversation with Constitutional Law Expert and Senior Advocate KK Venugopal |url=http://barandbench.com/brief/4/2698/conversation-with-constitutional-law-expert-and-senior-advocate-kk-venugopal |access-date=6 September 2012 |newspaper=Bar &amp; Bench |date=17 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117163342/http://barandbench.com/brief/4/2698/conversation-with-constitutional-law-expert-and-senior-advocate-kk-venugopal |archive-date= 17 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}<br /> {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}<br /> {{Attorney-General for India}}<br /> {{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Venugopal, K.K.}}<br /> [[Category:1931 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]<br /> [[Category:Attorneys general of India]]<br /> [[Category:Supreme Court of India lawyers]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Mangalore]]<br /> [[Category:Indian barristers]]<br /> [[Category:Union Internationale des Avocats]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]<br /> [[Category:University of Madras alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durga_Dharmadhikari&diff=497867 2025-11-09T21:09:59Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Basketball player from India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox basketball biography<br /> | name = Durga Dharmadhikari<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | position = [[Shooting guard]]<br /> | league = [[Women's National Basketball League (United Kingdom)|WBBL Division One]]<br /> | team = [[Bristol Academy Flyers]]<br /> | number = <br /> | height_ft = 5<br /> | height_in = 6<br /> | weight_lb = <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|7|24}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | highschool = <br /> | college = Local university, United Kingdom<br /> | career_start = 2022<br /> | career_end = <br /> | years1 = 2022–2023<br /> | team1 = Maharashtra<br /> | years2 = 2022<br /> | team2 = Pune Panthers (3x3)<br /> | years3 = 2024–<br /> | team3 = Bristol Academy Flyers<br /> }}<br /> '''Durga Dharmadhikari''' (born 24 July 2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; is an Indian [[basketball player]] from Maharashtra.&lt;ref&gt;https://play.fiba3x3.basketball/players/a24bc9cc-8d51-43fd-b278-e1ba3c6b46d4/activity&lt;/ref&gt; She plays as a shooting guard for the [[Bristol Academy Flyers]] in United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India Basketball Players / Coaches Abroad - asia-basket |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/India/basketball-Players-Abroad.aspx?women=1 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=www.asia-basket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=EuroProBasket Players Commits to University |url=https://europrobasket.com/players/durga-dharmadhikari/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Europrobasket |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> She began with the local club, Deccan Gymkhana in Pune and also played for the Maharashtra state team in 2022-23, before moving to England for higher studies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-08-19 |title=DG 'A' women clinch district basketball title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/dg-a-women-clinch-district-basketball-title/articleshow/93650558.cms |access-date=2025-10-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; She played for Pune Panthers in the 3x3 professional basketball league in 2022 under the aegis of Basketball Federation of India and FIBA Asia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kochi Stars defeat Pune Panthers, win 3BL Women's League Round 2 title |url=https://khelnow.com/basketball/kochi-stars-defeated-pune-panthers-win-3bl-womens-league-round-2-title |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As a student of a local university in the United Kingdom, she plays for Bristol, a women's basketball team in British Women's National Basketball League Division One. As of 2025, she is usually in the starting five, along with Leila Jepson, [[Samantha Roscoe]], Oliva Jokonya, Marlee Ball and Veronica Iweanya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Eurobasket |title=Bristol Academy Flyers basketball, News, Roster, Rumors, Stats, Awards, Transactions, Details-eurobasket |url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://europrobasket.com/players/durga-dharmadhikari/ Europrobasket profile]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmadhikari, Durga}}<br /> [[Category:2000 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women's basketball players]]<br /> [[Category:Shooting guards]]<br /> [[Category:Basketball players from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in England]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_8C_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=521063 2025-10-29T17:15:24Z

<p>Aranyam: new redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[National Highway 147 (India)]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R with history}}<br /> }}</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1977_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=481908 2025-10-18T06:55:33Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = legislative<br /> | vote_type = Popular &lt;!-- default --&gt;<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | previous_election = 1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election<br /> | previous_year = 1974<br /> | election_date = ''10 June 1977''<br /> | next_election = 1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election<br /> | next_year = 1980<br /> | seats_for_election = All 425 seats in the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | majority_seats = 213<br /> | registered = {{formatnum:52345606}}<br /> | turnout = 46.14%<br /> <br /> | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ram Naresh Yadav.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}} <br /> | leader1 = [[Ram Naresh Yadav]]<br /> | leaders_seat1 = <br /> | party1 = Janata Party<br /> | leader_since1 = <br /> | seats_before1 = ''New''<br /> | popular_vote1 = 47.76%<br /> | seat_change1 = ''New''<br /> | seats1 = 352<br /> | swing1 =<br /> <br /> | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br /> | leader2 = <br /> | leaders_seat2 = <br /> | party2 = Indian National Congress (R) <br /> | leader_since2 = <br /> | seats_before2 = 215<br /> | popular_vote2 = 31.94%<br /> | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 168<br /> | seats2 = 47<br /> | swing2 =<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Chief Minister --&gt;<br /> | title = [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|CM]]<br /> | before_party = [[President's Rule]]<br /> | before_election = <br /> | after_party = Janata Party<br /> | after_election = [[Ram Naresh Yadav]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Elections to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] were held in June 1977 to elect members of the 425 constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The [[Janata Party]] won a majority of seats and [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] was appointed the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Former-UP-CM-MP-Gov-Ram-Naresh-Yadav-dies-of-multi-organ-failure/articleshow/55558173.cms |title=Former UP CM, MP Gov Ram Naresh Yadav dies of multi-organ failure |date=22 November 2016 |agency=TNN |author=Shailvee Sharda |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date= 6 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=CM&gt;{{cite web |url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/CHIEF%20MINISTERS.HTM |title=Chief Ministers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812234844/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/CHIEF%20MINISTERS.HTM |archive-date=12 August 2013 |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=16 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The number of constituencies was set as 425 by the recommendation of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;delimitation1976&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=DPACO (1976) - Archive Delimitation Orders |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= December 9, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The previous elections to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held in February 1974, and the [[Indian National Congress]] won a majority and formed a Government headed by [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna]]. Bahuguna was forced to resign by Prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1975 and was replaced by [[N. D. Tiwari]].<br /> <br /> The term of the Assembly should have been for five years, until early 1979. The [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India]], passed during [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]] in 1976, lengthened the term to six years.<br /> <br /> After the come to power of the [[Janata Party]] in the [[1977 Indian general election]], the new government dissolved the [[State governments of India|state governments]] run by the Indian National Congress and declared fresh election in thus states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India Impounds Passports Of Gandhi's Son, Others.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KcrAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA8 |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=22 Aug 2024|date=19 Apr 1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=William Borders |title=Constitutional Conflict Ends in India as Acting President Accepts Order Dissolving Nine State Legislatures |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/01/archives/constitutional-conflict-ends-in-india-as-acting-president-accepts.html |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=1 May 1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Borders |first1=William |title=New Indian Regime Moves to Hold New Assembly Elections in 9 States |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/30/archives/new-indian-regime-moves-to-hold-new-assembly-elections-in-9-states.html |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=30 April 1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Result==<br /> {{Election results<br /> |image=[[File:India Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 1977.svg]]<br /> |party1=[[Janata Party]]|votes1=11351359|seats1=352|sc1=New<br /> |party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=7592107|seats2=47|sc2=–168<br /> |party3=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes3=611450|seats3=9|sc3=–7<br /> |party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=136850|seats4=1|sc4=–1<br /> |party5=Shoshit Samaj Dal (Akhik Baharatiya)|votes5=74680<br /> |party6=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes6=67497<br /> |party7=Muslim League|votes7=48238<br /> |party8=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes8=19239<br /> |party9=[[Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes9=10318<br /> |party10=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes10=8543<br /> |party11=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes11=7175<br /> |party12=Revolutionary Socialist Party|votes12=3027<br /> |party13=Socialist Unity Centre of India|votes13=2079<br /> |party14=Uttar Pradesh Kisan Mazdoor Party|votes14=1025<br /> |party21=Independents|votes21=3832832|seats21=16|sc21=+12<br /> |total_sc=+1<br /> |invalid=386237<br /> |electorate=52345606<br /> |source=ECI&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3253-uttar-pradesh-1977/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=22 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Elected members==<br /> {{static row numbers}}<br /> {| class=&quot;static-row-numbers sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> !Constituency<br /> !Reserved for&lt;br/&gt;([[Scheduled Castes|SC]]/[[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]/None)<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | Uttarkashi || SC || Barfia Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tehri || None || Govind Singh Negi || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Deoprayag || None || Indramani Badoni || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lansdowne || None || Bharat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pauri || None || Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karanprayag || None || Shivanand Nautiyal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Badrikedar || None || Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Didihat || None || [[Narayan Singh Bhainsora]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pithoragarh || None || Kamal Kishan Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Almora || None || Shoban Singh Jina || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bageshwar || SC || Pooran Chandra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ranikhet || None || Govind Singh Mehra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nainital || None || Ram Datt Joshi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khatima || None || Srichandra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haldwani || None || Deo Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kashipur || None || Narain Datt || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Seohara || None || [[Abdul Waheed (politician)|Abdul Waheed]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhampur || None || Haripal Singh Shastri || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Afzalgarh || None || [[Mufti Jaleel Ahmad|M. Jaleel Ahmad]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nagina || SC || Mangal Ram Premi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nazibabad || SC || Mukandi Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bijnor || None || Kunwar Satya Vir || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chandpur || None || Dharam Vir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kanth || None || Hargovind Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Amroha || None || Leelwat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hasanpur || None || Rama Shanker Kaushik || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gangeshwari || SC || Hardev Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sambhal || None || Shafiqur-rehman Barq || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bahjoi || None || Sultan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chandausi || SC || Karan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kundarki || None || Akbar Husain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Moradabad West || None || Khiali Ram Shastri || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Moradabad || None || Dinesh Chandra Rastogi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Moradabad Rural || None || Riyasat Husain || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Thakurdwara || None || Mukeemur Rehman || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Suartanda || None || Maqbool Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rampur || None || Manzoor Ali Khan Alias Shannu Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bilaspur || None || Sohan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shahabad || SC || Jagan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bisauli || None || Brij Ballabh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gunnour || None || Sheoraj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sahaswan || None || Naresh Pal Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bilsi || SC || Son Pal Alias Sphan Lal Pippal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Budaun || None || Krishan Swaroop || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Usehat || None || [[Bhagwan Singh Shakya]]|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Binawar || None || Ali Asghar Husain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dataganj || None || Avenesh Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aonla || None || Shiam Bihari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sunha || None || Rameshwar Nath Chaubey || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Faridpur || SC || Sia Ram Sagar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bareilly Cantonment || None || Ashfaq Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bareilly City || None || Satya Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nawabganj || None || Chatram Gangwar S/o Karhey Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhojipura || None || Hamid Raza Khan || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kawar || None || Acharya Dharam Dutt Vaidya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baheri || None || Rafiq Ahmad Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pilibhit || None || Dhirendra Sahai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barkhera || SC || Kishan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bisalpur || None || Munendra Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Puranpur || None || Baboo Ram Prabhati || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Powayan || SC || Suraj Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nigohi || None || Jagdish Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tilhar || None || Satya Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jalalabad || None || Kanhai Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dadraul || None || Mansoor Ali || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shahjahanpur || None || Mohd. Rafi Khan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mohammadi || SC || Manna Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haiderabad || None || Raghav Ram Misra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Paila || None || Nanga Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lakhimpur || None || Naresh Chandra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Srinagar || None || Raj Brij Raj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nighasan || None || Ram Charan Shah || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhaurehara || None || Jagannath Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Behta || None || Mukhtar Anis || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Biswan || None || Gaya Prasad Mehrotra Alias Manney Babu || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mahmoodabad || None || Ram Narain Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sidhauli || SC || Ganesh Lal Chaudhari Vakil S/o Moolchand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Laharpur || None || Abid Ali || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sitapur || None || Rajendra Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hargaon || SC || Gokaran Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Misrikh || None || Ram Ratan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Machhrehta || SC || Lal Das || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Beniganj || SC || Binari Lal Hans || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sandila || None || Kudsai Begam || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ahirori || SC || Manni Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hardoi || None || Dharmgaj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bawan || SC || Puran Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pihani || None || Ashok Bajpai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shahabad || None || Brij Ballabh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bilgram || None || Sharda Bhakt Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mallawan || None || Ram Asrey || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bangarmau || None || Jagdish Prasad Trivedi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Safipur || SC || Sunder Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Unnao || None || Chandra Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hadha || None || Hemraj || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhagwant Nagar || None || Deoki Nandan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Purwa || None || Chandra Bhushan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hasanganj || SC || Chandra Pal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Malihabad || SC || Man Singh Azad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mohana || None || Bhagauti Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lucknow East || None || Swaroop Kumari Bakshi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lucknow West || None || D. P. Bora || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lucknow Central || None || Ram Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lucknow Cantonment || None || Krishna Kant Misra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sarojini Nagar || None || Chheda Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mohanlalganj || SC || Sant Baksh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bachhrawan || SC || Ram Dulare || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tiloi || None || Mohan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rae Bareli || None || Mohan Lal Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sataon || None || Ram Deo Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sareni || None || Sunita Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dalmau || None || Munnoo Lal Divedi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Salon || SC || Deena Nath Sewak || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kunda || None || Shashi Prabha || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bihar || SC || Babu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rampurkhas || None || Kunwar Tejbhan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garwara || None || Vidaya Shanker || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pratapgarh || None || Sangam Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Birapur || None || Ram Dev Dubey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Patti || None || Rajpati Misra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Amethi || None || Haricharan Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gauriganj || None || Tej Bhan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jagdishpur || SC || Ram Pher Kori || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Isauli || None || Ram Baran Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sultanpur || None || Jitendra Kumar Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jaisinghpur || None || Maqbool Husain Khan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chanda || None || Udai Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kadipur || SC || Brij Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Katehari || None || Ravindra Nath Tewari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Akbarpur || None || Hari Ram Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jalalpur || None || Bhagauti Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jahangirganj || SC || Ramrati Devi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tanda || None || Abdul Hafeez || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ayodhya || None || Jai Shanker Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bikapur || None || Sri Ram Dwivedi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Milkipur || None || Mitra Sen || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sohawal || SC || Avdhesh Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rudauli || None || Pradeep Kumar Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dariyabad || SC || Asharfi Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sidhaur || None || Ram Sagar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haidergarh || None || Sunder Lal || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Masauli || None || Beni Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nawabganj || None || Mohd. Shamim Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fatehpur || SC || Nanhey Lal Kureel || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ramnagar || None || Masudal Hasan Nomani || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kaiserganj || None || Babu Lal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fakharpur || None || Shakuntla Nayar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mahsi || None || Sukhad Raj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nanpara || None || Fazlur Rehman Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Charda || SC || Gajadhar Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhinga || None || Kamla Prasad Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bahraich || None || Khan Mohd. Atif Khan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ikauna || SC || Vishnu Dayal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gainsari || None || Vindu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tulsipur || None || Mangal Deo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Balrampur || None || Ashfaq || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Utraula || None || Rajendra Prasad Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sadullah Nagar || None || Dashrath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mankapur || SC || Ganga Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mujehna || None || Vishnu Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gonda || None || Fajulal Bari Alias Bone Bhai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Katra Bazar || None || Deep Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Colonelganj || None || Triveni Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dixir || SC || Ram Pati || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Harraiya || None || Sukhpal Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Captainganj || None || Om Parkash Alias Milan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nagar East || SC || Girdhari Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Basti || None || Jagdamba Prasad Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ramnagar || None || Babu Ram Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Domariaganj || None || Malik Mohd. Kamal Yusuf || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Itwa || None || Vishwa Nath Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shohratgarh || None || Sheo Lal Mittal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Naugarh || None || Mathura Prasad Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bansi || None || Harish Chandra Alias Harish Ji || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khesraha || None || Diwakar Vikram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Menhdawal || None || Chandra Shekhar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khalilabad || SC || Ram Asrey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hainsarbazar || SC || Bhisham || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bansgaon || SC || Babu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhuriapar || None || Jagdish Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chillupar || None || Kalp Nath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kauriram || None || Rarvinder || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mundera Bazar || SC || Sharda Devi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pipraich || None || Madhukar Didhe || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gorakhpur || None || Avdhesh Kumar Shrivastava || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Maniram || None || Avedya Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sahjanwa || None || Sharda Prasad Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Paniara || None || Gunjeshwar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pharenda || None || Shyam Narain Tewari || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Luxmipur || None || [[Abdul Rauf Lari]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Siswa || None || Sharda Prasad Jaiswal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Maharajganj || SC || Dukhi Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shyamdeurawa || None || Janardan Prasad Ojha || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Naurangia || SC || [[Bhulai Bhai]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ramkola || None || Bankey Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hata || SC || Basant || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Padrauna || None || Purushottam Kaushik || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Seorahi || None || Kripashanker Arya || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fazilnagar || None || Ramesh Naresh Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kasia || None || Rajmangal Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gauri Bazar || None || Virender || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rudrapur || None || Pradeep Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Deoria || None || Krishna Rai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhatpar Rani || None || Raj Mangal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Salempur || None || Hari Kewal Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barhaj || None || Mohan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nathupur || None || Jagdish || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghosi || None || Vikrama Rai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sagri || None || Ram Janam || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gopalpur || None || Ramadhar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Azamgarh || None || Bhima Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nizamabad || None || M. Masaud || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Atraulia || None || Durg Vijai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Phulpur || None || Padmakar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Saraimir || SC || Daya Ram Bhasker || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mehnagar || SC || Bhuddhoo || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lalganj || None || Ish Dutt || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mubarakpur || None || Bhabhi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Muhammadabad Gohna || SC || Sheo Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mau || None || Ramji || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rasra || SC || Mannu Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Siar || None || Rafiullah || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chilkahar || None || Ram Govin || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sikanderpur || None || Sheo Mangal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bansdih || None || Bachcha Pathak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Doaba || None || Manager Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ballia || None || Shambhu Nath Choudhari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kopachit || None || Gauri Shanker || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Zahoorabad || None || Jairam || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mohammadabad || None || Ram Janam Rai || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dildarnagar || None || Avadhesh Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Zamania || None || Dharam Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghazipur || None || Mohd. Khalilullan Kuraishi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jakhania || SC || Dev Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sadat || None || Kali Charan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Saidpur || None || Udai Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhanapur || None || Kailash Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chandauli || None || Ram Pyare || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chakiya || SC || Shyam Deo || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mughalsarai || None || Ganji Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Varanasi Cantonment || None || Shatroodh Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Varanasi South || None || Raj Bali Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Varanasi North || None || Mushtaq Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chiraigaon || None || Udai Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kolasla || None || Udal || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gangapur || None || Baldeo || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aurai || None || Bechuram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gyanpur || None || Shyamdhar Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhadohi || SC || Mithai Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barsathi || None || Ram Krishan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mariahu || None || Raj Kishore || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kerakat || SC || Shambhu Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bayalsi || None || Chandra Sen || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jaunpur || None || Kamala Prasad Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rari || None || Raj Bahadur Yadava || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shahganj || SC || Chhotey Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khutahan || None || Lakshmi Shanker || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garwara || None || Ram Shiromani || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Machhlishahr || None || Arun Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dudhi || SC || Ishwar Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Robertsganj || SC || Subedar Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rajgarh || None || Rajnarain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chunar || None || Om Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Majhwa || None || Shivdas || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mirzapur || None || Raj Nath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chhanbey || SC || Purushottam Das || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Meja || SC || Jawahar Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karchana || None || Rewati Raman Singh (maniji) || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bara || None || Guru Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jhusi || None || Keshari Nath Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Handia || None || Athai Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pratappur || None || Har Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Soraon || None || Jang Bahadur Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nawabganj || None || [[Muzaffar Hasan|Muzaffer Hasan]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Allahabad North || None || Baba Ram Adhar Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Allahabad South || None || Satya Prakash Malviya || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Allahabad West || None || Habib Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chail || SC || Kanhaiya Lal Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manjhanpur || SC || Nathu Ram Shikshak || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sirathu || SC || Baij Nath Prasad Kushwaha || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khaga || None || Chhotey Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kishunpur || SC || Jageshwar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haswa || None || Umakant Bajpayee Alias Bhaiya Ji || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fatehpur || None || Khan Ghufran Zahidi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jahanabad || None || Quasim Hasan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bindki || None || Jagannath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aryanagar || None || Babu Badre || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sisamau || SC || Moti Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Generalganj || None || Reoti Raman Rastogi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kanpur Cantonment || None || Babu Ram Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Govind Nagar || None || Ganesh Dutt Vajpayee || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalyanpur || None || Pushpa Talwar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sarsaul || None || Jauhari Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghatampur || None || Ram Asrey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhognipur || SC || Mauji Lal Kureel || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rajpur || None || Ashwani Kumar Chaturvedi Rakesh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sarvankhera || None || Prabhu Dayal Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chaubepur || None || Hari Krishna Srivastava || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bilhaur || SC || Moti Lal Dehlvi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Derapur || None || Bhagwan Deen Kushwaha || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Auraiya || None || Bharat Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ajitmal || SC || Gauri Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lakhna || SC || Ram Lakhan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Etawah || None || Satya Deo Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jaswantnagar || None || Mulayam Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bharthana || None || Mahendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bidhuna || None || Asuan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kannauj || SC || Jhan Lal Ahirwar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Umarda || None || Ram Bux || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chhibramau || None || Banshgopal Chaubey || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kamalganj || None || Anwar Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Farrukhabad || None || Braham Datt Dwivedi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kaimganj || None || Girish Chandra Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mohammdabad || None || Rajendra Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manikpur || SC || Ramesh Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karwi || None || Ram Sajiwan || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baberu || None || Deo Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tindwari || None || Jagannath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Banda || None || Jamuna Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Naraini || None || Surendra Pal || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hamirpur || None || Onkar Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Maudaha || None || Laxmi Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rath || None || Bal Krishna || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Charkhari || SC || Mohan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mahoba || None || Udit Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mehroni || None || Ranvir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lalitpur || None || Sudama Prasad Goswami || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jhansi || None || Surya Mukhi Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Babina || SC || Bhagwat Dayal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mauranipur || SC || Prem Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garoutha || None || Ranjeet Singh Joo Deo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Konch || SC || Kaushal Kishore || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Orai || None || Shyam Sundar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalpi || None || Shanker Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Madhogarh || None || Krishna Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhongara || None || Hari Ram Shakya || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kishni || SC || Hakim Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karhal || None || Nathu Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shikohabad || None || Ganga Sahai Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jasrana || None || Balbir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghiror || None || Virendra Pati Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mainpuri || None || Malikhan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aliganj || None || Genda Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Patiyali || None || Jasvir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sakit || None || Pyarey Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Soron || None || Ram Pratap || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kasganj || None || Net Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Etah || None || Ganga Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nidhauli Kalan || None || Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jalesar || SC || Madhav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Firozabad || None || Raghubar Dayal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bah || None || Raja Mahendra Ripudaman Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fatehabad || None || Hukam Singh Parihar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tundla || SC || Rajesh Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Etmadpur || SC || Chandra Bhan Maurya || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dayalbagh || None || Shyam Dutt Paliwal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Agra Cantonment || None || Dr. Krishan Vir Singh Kaushal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Agra East || None || Surendra Kumar Kalra (sindhu) || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Agra West || SC || Gulab Sehra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kheragarh || None || Guru Dott Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fatehpur Sikri || None || Badan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Goverdhan || SC || Gyanendra Swarup || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mathura || None || Kanhaiya Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chhata || None || Lakhi Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mat || None || Radhey Shyam || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gokul || None || Onkar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sadabad || None || H.c. Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hathras || None || Ram Saran Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sasni || SC || Bangali Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sikandara Rao || None || Nem Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gangiri || None || Babu Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Atrauli || None || Kalyan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aligarh || None || Moziz Ali Beg || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Koil || SC || Kishan Lal Diler || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Iglas || None || Rajendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barauli || None || Sangram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khair || None || Piarey Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jewar || SC || Aidal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khurja || None || Banarsi Dass || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Debai || None || Himmat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Anupshahr || None || Beni Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Siana || None || [[Arif Mohammad Khan]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Agota || None || Gajendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bulandshahr || None || Vijai Raj Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shikarpur || SC || Trilok Chadra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sikandrabad || None || Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dadri || None || Tej Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghaziabad || None || Rajendra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Muradnagar || None || Anwar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Modinagar || None || Sohan Bir || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hapur || SC || Banarsi Das || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garhmukteshwar || None || Sakhawat Hussain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kithore || None || Ram Dayal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hastinapur || SC || Reoti Sharan Maurya || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sardhana || None || Balvir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Meerut Cantonment || None || Ajit Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Meerut || None || Manzoor Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kharkhauda || None || Abdul Halim Khan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Siwalkhas || SC || Hari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khekra || None || Chhajju Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baghpat || None || Ismail || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barnawa || None || Dharam Vir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chhaprauli || None || Narendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kandhla || None || Ajab Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khatauli || None || Laxman Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jansath || SC || Qabool Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Morna || None || Narayan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Muzaffarnagar || None || Malti Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Charthawal || SC || Nand Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baghra || None || Babu Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kairana || None || Bashir Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Thana Bhawan || None || Mool Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nakur || None || Yash Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sarsawa || None || Ajab Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nagal || SC || Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deoband Assembly constituency|Deoband]] || None || [[Mohammad Usman (Indian politician)|Mohammad Usman]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Harora || SC || Bimla Rakesh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Saharanpur || None || Sumer Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Muzaffarabad || None || Haji Shamshad Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Roorkee || None || Rao Mushtaq || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lhaksar || None || Kazi Mohd. Mohiuddin || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hardwar || None || Raj Kumar Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mussoorie || None || Ranjeet Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dehra Dun || None || Devendra Dutt Shastri || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chakrata || ST || Survir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Bypolls==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Constituency<br /> !Reason for by-poll<br /> !Winning candidate<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|1978<br /> |[[Mankapur Assembly constituency|Mankapur]]<br /> |Death of Ganga Prasad<br /> |C. C. Lal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Soraon Assembly constituency|Soraon]]<br /> |Death of R. Pratap<br /> |M. P. Singh<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|1979<br /> |[[Gunnaur Assembly constituency|Gunnaur]]<br /> |Death of Sheoraj Singh<br /> |Premwati<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |Rari<br /> |Death of Raj Bahadur Yadava<br /> |S. N. Upadhya<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Allahabad West Assembly constituency|Allahabad West]]<br /> |Death of Habib Ahmad<br /> |C. N. Singh<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|1980<br /> |Jaisingpur<br /> |Death of Maqbool Husain Khan<br /> |R. Lakhan<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |Kauriram<br /> |Death of R. Singh<br /> |G. Devi<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |-class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;<br /> |colspan=6|Source:ECI&lt;ref name=byelections&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls |title=Details of Assembly By- Elections since 1952 (Year-Wise) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> *[[1977 elections in India]]<br /> *[[Ram Naresh Yadav ministry]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Uttar Pradesh elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India|Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:State Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:1970s in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:June 1977 in Asia]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aniruddhadev&diff=486644 2025-10-15T18:42:20Z

<p>Aranyam: made some post and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox writer <br /> | name = Aniruddhadev<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | pseudonym = <br /> | birth_name = Harakhanthagiri {{sfn|Dutta|1985|p=71}}<br /> | birth_date = April 1553 {{sfnp|Dutta|1985|p=70}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = {{Death year and age|1626|1553}}{{sfnp|Dutta|1985|p=73}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | occupation = [[Ekasarana|Ekasarana preceptor]]<br /> | language = <br /> | nationality = <br /> | citizenship = <br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | period = <br /> | genre = <br /> | subject = <br /> | movement = <br /> | notableworks = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | partner = <br /> | children = <br /> | relatives = <br /> | awards = <br /> | signature = <br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | website = <br /> | portaldisp = <br /> | ethnicity = <br /> | influences = <br /> | influenced = <br /> }}<br /> '''Aniruddhadev''' (1553–1626) was a 16th-century [[Ekasarana Dharma|Ekasarana]] preceptor from [[Assam]]. Born to a [[Baro-Bhuyan|Bhuyan]] named Gondagiri, Aniruddhadev was a disciple of [[Gopaldeva|Gopal Ata]]{{sfnp|Dutta|1985|pp=70–71}} and the founder of the [[Moamoria|Mayamara satra]] of the [[Ekasarana Dharma#Kala sanghati|Kalasamhati]], the followers of which revolted against [[Ahom kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvtxt|Shin|2017|p=249}} &quot;(T)he Mayamara satra of Aniruddha has rapidly emerged as a great adversary of brahmanas and revolted against the Ahoms in the latter part of the 18th century&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; who priotized the [[Ekasarana Dharma#Brahma sanghati|Brahmasamhati]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Ahom 'divide and rule' policy on satras resulted in the exclusive official patronage to the conformist satras headed by brahmamas. It was under their patronage that those Brahma satras, especially in Majuli Island, received thousands of acres of revenue free land as the grant from the king, and their heads were promoted to the status of being the royal preceptor through the bestowal of all sorts of amenities and honour&quot;{{harvcol|Shin|2017|p=251}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Brief life==<br /> Aniruddhadev was born in the year 1553 in what is modern-day Assam. His father Gondagiri was a Bhuyan and his mother Anjali Devi was the cousin of [[Srimanta Sankardev|Sankardev]].{{sfnp|Dutta|1985|p=70}} At an early age he became a disciple of [[Gopaldeva]] for which he moved to [[Barpeta]], where he spent three and half years for receiving religious teachings. After the completion of his studies, he came back to his place and founded a ''[[Satra (Ekasarana Dharma)|Satra]]'' at Bishnu-Bali Kuchi and started propagating the [[Ekasarana Dharma|Vaishnava religion]] from the month of [[Magha (month)|Magha]] (January/February) 1601.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvtxt|Dutta|1985|pp=70–71}}: &quot;He started propagating the Vaisnava religion from the month of Magha (January/February) of 1523 Saka (1601 A.D)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Due to the frequent raids from the neighbouring tribes of the [[Daphla Hills]], he shifted to Naha Ati, on the banks of Marnai river, present-day [[Lakhimpur district]]. Here he was successful in converting a large number of disciples into Neo-vaishnavism.{{sfn|Dutta|1985|p=71}} He later moved to [[Majuli]], on the bank of a lake called Moamara, where he established the Mayamara Satra. The democratic outlook and humanism of the Satra appealed to the nearby tribesmen who accepted him as a religious perceptor. The prominent tribes he converted were the [[Moran people|Morans]], Kacharis, [[Chutia people|Chutias]], Borahis, [[Ahom people|Ahoms]] and professional caste like [[Brittial Bania]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvtxt|Dutta|1985|p=71}}: &quot;Among the tribes, the Morans were the first to be converted. They were followed by the Kacharis, Chutiyas, Borahis, Ahoms and Brittials (professional caste)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Being a radical, Aniruddhadev's ideology of egalitarianism came in direct conflict with the right wing sub-sect ideology of the Bhakti movement and his concern for the lowers strata of society was not supported by members of the conservative class.{{sfnp|Nath|2014|pp=354-355}} The building of satras belonging to ''Brahmasamhati'' by the state ([[Ahom kingdom]]) and further demoting Aniruddhadev and his followers to the background led to a sense of alienation among them.{{sfnp|Nath|2014|p=355}} Nevertherless, the egalitarian outlook of the Mayamara satra attracted a large number of followers from the tribal and marginalised section of the society and the news of Aniruddhadev's success soon reached the Ahom king [[Sukhaamphaa]], who considered its growing popularity a threat to the Ahom state. Aniruddhadev was able to convince that his missionary work will bring no harm to the King's authority and after coming to an agreement was permitted to continue his activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Dutta|1985|pp=72-73}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He later involved himself in scholarly pursuits and translated the [[Bhagavata Purana]] into [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and composed a work called Bhakti Mangal Ghosa. Aniruddhadev died at the age of 73 in the first week of December 1626.{{sfnp|Dutta|1985|p=73}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}}<br /> * {{Citation|last=Shin|first=Jae-Eun|contribution=Transition of Satra from a Venue of Bhakti Movement to the Orthodox Brahmanical Institution|year=2017|title=Clustering and Connections in Pre-Modern South Asian Society|editor-last=Ota|editor-first=Nobuhiro|pages= 237–257|place=Tokyo|publisher=Tokyo University of Foreign Studies}}<br /> * {{Citation|last=Nath|first=Dambarudhar|title=Cult, ideology and conflict: The &quot;MĀYĀMARĀ&quot; Vaishnavism and social conflict in 18th century Assam|date=2014|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=75|pages=351–357|jstor=44158402|issn=2249-1937}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1553 births]]<br /> [[Category:1626 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Ekasarana Dharma]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Followers of the Mahapurushia cult]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Party_of_Manipur&diff=459675 2025-10-04T15:16:46Z

<p>Aranyam: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian political party <br /> | party_name = Federal Party of Manipur<br /> | colorcode = {{party color|Federal Party of Manipur}}<br /> | logo = <br /> | leader =<br /> | president = [[Gangmumei Kamei]]<br /> | secretary = <br /> | ppchairman = <br /> | foundation = 21 October 1993<br /> | dissolution = 2007<br /> | merged = [[Manipur People's Party]]<br /> | headquarters = <br /> | publication = <br /> | students = <br /> | youth = <br /> | women = <br /> | eci = State Party<br /> | alliance =<br /> | state_seats_name =<br /> | state_seats =<br /> | symbol = [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|120px]]&lt;br /&gt;(The rising sun)<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Federal Party of Manipur''' ('''FPM''') was a political party in the Indian state of [[Manipur]] founded by [[Gangmumei Kamei]] in 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/manipur-based-historian-gangmumei-kamei-dies-at-77-4460724/|title=Manipur based historian Gangmumei Kamei dies at 77|date=2017-01-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prior to the [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007 Legislative Assembly election]], the FPM, along with the [[Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party|Democratic Revolutionary People's Party]], merged into the [[Manipur Peoples Party|Manipur People's Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=A. Prafullokumar |title=Elections and political dynamics in Manipur |date=2009 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-8324-279-0 |page=471 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3TwS0WRn5kC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> Legislative Assembly election results&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3708-manipur-1995/|title=Manipur 1995|last=|first=|date=|website=Election Commission of India|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3709-manipur-2000/|title=Manipur 2000|last=|first=|date=|website=Election Commission of India|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3710-manipur-2002/|title=Manipur 2002|last=|first=|date=|website=Election Commission of India|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Seats<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Votes<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Contested<br /> !Won<br /> !+/-<br /> !Total<br /> !%<br /> !+/-<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |22<br /> |2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#E9E9E9&quot; |<br /> |56,300<br /> |4.91<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#E9E9E9&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |39<br /> |6<br /> |4 {{Increase}} <br /> |118,916<br /> |9.44<br /> |4.53 {{Increase}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br /> |48<br /> |13<br /> |7 {{Increase}}<br /> |239,444<br /> |18.14<br /> |8.7 {{Increase}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian political parties}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Political parties in Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Political parties established in 1993]]<br /> [[Category:1993 establishments in Manipur]]</div>

Aranyam https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Embassy_of_India,_Kuwait_City&diff=498436 2025-09-13T07:09:45Z

<p>Aranyam: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {{Short description|Diplomatic mission of India to Kuwait}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox diplomatic mission<br /> | name = Embassy of India, Kuwait City<br /> | address = Diplomatic Enclave, Arabian Gulf Street, P O Box No.1450, Safat 13015, Kuwait City<br /> | ambassador = Paramita Tripathi<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|29.3648863|48.0185522}}<br /> | jurisdiction = {{Flag|Kuwait}}<br /> | website = {{official website|https://www.indembkwt.gov.in/index.php}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Embassy of India in Kuwait City''' is a [[diplomatic mission]] of the [[India|Republic of India]] to [[Kuwait]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home Page: Embassy of India, Kuwait City|url=https://indembkwt.gov.in/index.php|website=Embassy of India, Kuwait}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Leadership==<br /> Ambassador is in charge of the embassy. Paramita Tripathi is the current Ambassador of India to Kuwait.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mr. Sibi George appointed as the next Ambassador of India to the State of Kuwait|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/32716/Mr+Sibi+George+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+the+State+of+Kuwait|access-date=2021-10-16|website=mea.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Subbu|title=H.E. Sibi George will be the India's new Ambassador to Kuwait|url=https://www.iflkuwait.com/notice-board/36248-h-e-sibi-george-will-be-the-india-s-new-ambassador-to-kuwait|access-date=2021-10-16|website=www.iflkuwait.com|language=en-gb|archive-date=2022-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112072321/https://www.iflkuwait.com/notice-board/36248-h-e-sibi-george-will-be-the-india-s-new-ambassador-to-kuwait|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Jurisdiction==<br /> Embassy serves [[Kuwait]] region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hareesh|first=P. C.|title=Indian Embassy in Kuwait begins registration for repatriation of expats|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/nri/indian-embassy-in-kuwait-begins-registration-for-repatriation-of-expats--1.5168911|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Scholarships are offered by the embassy to local nationals to study in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scholarships to study in India|url=http://a2ascholarships.iccr.gov.in/assets/site/downloads/ICCR_UserManual.pdf|website=[[ICCR]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://spdcindia.gov.in/login/guideline.php|title=Scholarship Programme for Diaspora Children|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, India|year=2021|access-date=2021-10-16|archive-date=2022-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112072321/https://spdcindia.gov.in/login/guideline.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[India–Kuwait relations]]<br /> *[[List of diplomatic missions in Kuwait]]<br /> *[[List of diplomatic missions of India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official|https://indembkwt.gov.in/index.php}}<br /> <br /> {{Foreignrelations-stub}}<br /> {{Diplomatic missions of India}}<br /> {{Diplomatic missions in Kuwait}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Embassy of India, Kuwait City}}<br /> [[Category:Diplomatic missions of India|Kuwait]]<br /> [[Category:Diplomatic missions in Kuwait|India]]</div>

Aranyam