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2025 Gujarat factory fire

2026-05-06T22:42:18Z

AntoineScaby: put up some entry w/ refs.

{{Short description|2025 factory fire in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| image =
| caption =
| date = {{start date|df=yes|2025|04|01}}
| place = near [[Deesa]], [[Gujarat]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|14|06|N|72|10|58|E|scale:100000_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| type = Explosion
| cause = Highly flammable [[aluminium powder]]
| reported deaths = 21
| reported injuries = 6
}}

On 1 April 2025, an explosion at a warehouse manufacturing [[fireworks]] in the suburbs of [[Deesa]], India, killed 21 of the 24 people inside of the building at the time of the incident. The warehouse, named Deepak Fatakda, had its license expire the previous year, and was not qualified to continue business. Highly reactive and cheap [[aluminium powder]] was found to be the cause in a forensic probe conducted in the incident's aftermath. An [[ex gratia]] payment was announced by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in response.

== Overview ==
The area of [[West Bengal]] has a history of firework factory incidents, killing 20 people before this event since 2023. Just the day before, eight people, four of whom were children, were killed after a family who had improperly stored fireworks in their home as a makeshift business had their supply explode.<ref name="Kumar"/> This larger incident took place the day after on 1 April 2025, where at least 21 workers were killed and six others were injured in an explosion at a [[firecracker]] [[warehouse]] on the suburbs of [[Deesa]] town in [[Banaskantha district]] in [[Gujarat]], India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven children among 21 killed in Gujarat firecracker godown blast |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-firecracker-warehouse-fire-deaths-injured-9918065/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2 April 2025}}</ref> The business, called Deepak Fatakda, killed 21 of the 24 people in the building at the time of the explosion, eight of whom were children.<ref name="Kumar"/>

In response, India's Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] announced an [[ex gratia]] payment of {{INRConvert|200000|lk=on|year=2025}} to the [[next of kin]] of the victims.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=At least 21 killed as blast flattens illegal firecracker godown in Gujarat's Banaskantha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat/gujarat-factory-fire-april-1-2025/article69399394.ece |work=The Hindu |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] [[Bhupendra Patel]] also announced a financial assistance of {{INRConvert|400000|year=2025}} to the families of the victims and {{INRConvert|50000|year=2025}} to the injured persons.<ref name="Deccan Herald">{{cite news |title=At least 20 feared dead after massive blast at firework factory in Gujarat |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/at-least-20-feared-dead-after-massive-blast-at-firework-factory-in-gujarat-3471897 |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 April 2025}}</ref>

A forensic probe confirmed that the blast was triggered by highly reactive [[aluminium powder]] present in the building.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kshatriya |first1=Dilip Singh |title=Aluminium powder triggered Gujarat warehouse explosion: Forensic probe |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/03/aluminium-powder-triggered-gujarat-warehouse-explosion-forensic-probe |work=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2025}}</ref> Furthermore, the business was not qualified to manufacture fireworks, having its license to do so expire in 2024.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Sanjay |title=29 dead in explosions at two illegal fireworks factories in India |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/29-dead-in-explosions-at-two-illegal-fireworks-factories-in-india/4021305.article |work=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |date=11 April 2025 |access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref> As a result of the malpractice, the owners Khubchandbhai Mohnani and Deepakbhai Mohnani were arrested.<ref name="Kumar"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Disasters in India in 2025}}

[[Category:2020s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2025 disasters in India|Gujarat factory fire]]
[[Category:April 2025 in India]]
[[Category:Banaskantha district]]
[[Category:Industrial fires and explosions in India]]
[[Category:Fireworks accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:2025 fires in Asia|Gulzar Houz fire]]
[[Category:Factory fires]]

Burhanuddin Qasmi

2026-05-06T19:05:07Z

AntoineScaby: Started the data v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and writer (b. 1971)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohammad Burhanuddin Qasmi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1971|3|5}}
| birth_place = Kakanimara, [[Karimganj district]], Assam, India
| occupation = Islamic scholar, writer, educator, poet
| known_for = Director of [[Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre]] (MMERC), Editor of ''Eastern Crescent''
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]|[[Markazul Maarif]]|[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]]}}
}}

'''Mohammad Burhanuddin Qasmi''' (born 5 March 1971), also known as '''MB. Qasmi''' or '''M. Burhanuddin Qasmi''', is an Indian Islamic scholar, educator, writer, and poet. He is the Director of the [[Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre]] (MMERC) in Mumbai, an institution that trains madrasa graduates in English language and modern disciplines. He is also the founding editor of the English monthly magazine ''Eastern Crescent'' and a regular commentator on socio-religious and political issues affecting Indian Muslims.

Qasmi has authored books and essays in English, Urdu, and Bengali, and has been an active voice in national and international forums addressing issues of education, interfaith harmony, media bias, minority rights, and the intersection of tradition and modernity in Muslim communities.

== Early life and education ==
Mohammad Burhanuddin Qasmi was born in Kakanimara village in [[Karimganj district]], Assam, India.<ref name="teachers_resume">{{Cite web |title=Teachers Resume – Mohammad Burhanuddin Qasmi |url=https://markazonlinemadrasa.com/teachers_resume/mohammad-burhanuddin-qasmi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525103537/https://markazonlinemadrasa.com/teachers_resume/mohammad-burhanuddin-qasmi/ |archive-date=25 May 2025 |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=Markaz Online Madrasa}}</ref> He acquired his ''Fazilat'' (Islamic theology degree) from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] (1988–1994), where he studied [[Islamic jurisprudence]], [[Qur'anic exegesis]], [[Hadith]], [[Arabic literature]], and [[Islamic history]]. He later completed a [[Diploma]] in English Language and Literature from [[Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre|MMERC]] (1994–1997), and earned a [[Master's degree]] (MA) in English Literature from [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] (MANUU), Hyderabad, in 2011.<ref name="teachers_resume" /><ref name="bangalore_mirror2020">{{Cite web|date=16 November 2020 |title=Muslims equally concerned for India's security, secularism: Islamic scholar |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/muslims-equally-concerned-for-indias-security-secularism-islamic-scholar/articleshow/79244277.cms |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Qasmi began his career in Islamic education and journalism in the mid-1990s. After completing his English diploma at MMERC, he briefly served in 1997 as Director at the Islamic Centre in [[Lucknow]], established by [[Salman Husaini Nadwi]]. In 1998, he was appointed as Director of the [[Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre|MMERC]] in Mumbai, an institute founded by [[Badruddin Ajmal]] to train madrasa graduates in English and modern subjects.<ref name="tcn_2016">{{Cite news |title=Markazul Ma'arif conducts convocation and elocution competition |url=https://twocircles.net/2016aug27/1472277874.html |publisher=[[Two Circles]]|date=27 August 2016 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>{{Sfn|Hasan|2013|p=295}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Nilanjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awCeEAAAQBAJ&dq=burhanuddin+qasmi&pg=PT82 |title=Beyond the Madrasa: Muslim Communities and Educational Institutes in India Today |date=2022-12-30 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-80130-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress2013a" />

During his student years, Qasmi developed an interest in English journalism and launched a newsletter from the Islamic Centre in Lucknow.{{Sfn|Hasan|2013|p=295}}

He launched the English magazine ''Eastern Crescent'' in May 2006, which regularly features articles on Islamic thought, education, and contemporary socio-political issues.<ref name="deoband_book">{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Nayab |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati Manzarnama|trans-title=Journalistic scenario of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deoband-ka-sahafati-manzarnama/page/n294/mode/1up |page=295|edition=1st|date=2013 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Skoda |first1=Uwe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5maEAAAQBAJ&dq=burhanuddin+qasmi&pg=PA78 |title=Navigating Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Contemporary India and Beyond: Structures, Agents, Practices |last2=Nielsen |first2=Kenneth Bo |last3=Fibiger |first3=Marianne Qvortrup |date=2013-06-01 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-0-85728-324-5 |page=78 |language=en}}</ref>

He described MMERC as a unique institution that blends traditional Islamic scholarship with modern disciplines by preparing madrasa graduates in English and contemporary subjects. According to Qasmi, the goal is to enable them to engage meaningfully with the wider world while maintaining their religious identity.<ref name="bangalore_mirror2020" />

In addition to his academic and editorial responsibilities, Qasmi has been active in public discourse on minority rights and national unity. He has spoken at various national and international platforms addressing issues such as secularism, extremism, and the integration of Indian Muslims into the national mainstream. He often emphasizes the need for academic and economic empowerment of the community and advocates for responsible engagement with media and civil society.<ref name="bangalore_mirror2020" />

=== Educational initiatives ===
In 2010, Qasmi announced the establishment of the Markaz Universal School of Theology in [[Jogeshwari]], Mumbai, as a project of the MMERC. The school aimed to integrate a dual curriculum—combining international academic syllabi with traditional Islamic studies—to attract middle-class and affluent Muslim families who otherwise did not send their children to madrasas. Qasmi stated that the goal was to offer students both religious grounding and broader career opportunities. The project was backed by [[survey data]] from 11,000 Muslim families, of whom 96 percent supported the initiative.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johari |first=Aarefa |title=Muslim school to combine Islamic, international syllabi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/muslim-school-to-combine-islamic-international-syllabi/story-oJokbcuJU3DysV79dujmXP.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=10 October 2010 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>

== Views ==
=== Terrorism and communal violence ===
Following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], Qasmi emphasized that Indian Muslims had no connection to the violence and called it a foreign act. He stated, "This is a foreign attack. It has nothing to do with Indian Muslims or Muslim violence against Hindus or Hindu violence against Muslims."<ref name="france24">{{Cite news |last=Jacinto |first=Leela |date=5 December 2008 |title=Post-Mumbai attacks, no anti-Muslim backlash – yet |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20081205-post-mumbai-attacks-no-anti-muslim-backlash-%E2%80%93-yet- |access-date=25 May 2025 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2011, during a rally in Mumbai's [[Azad Maidan]], Qasmi criticized media bias in reporting on arrests of Muslims in terror-related cases. He noted that while arrests were widely reported, the eventual acquittals or releases were often ignored, calling for more responsible journalism.<ref name="telegraph2011">{{Cite news |last=Kidwai |first=Rasheed |title=Cong 'Sanghi terror' thrust touches minority chord |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/cong-sanghi-terror-thrust-touches-minority-chord/cid/437499 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=24 January 2011 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

In 2012, Qasmi joined other Muslim leaders in condemning violence against minorities during the Assam riots and called for decisive government action.<ref name="milli_gazette">{{Cite web |title=Assam riots — planned ethnic cleansing of Indian Muslims |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/indian-muslims-press-statements/4038-assam-riots-planned-ethnic-cleansing-of-indian-muslims/ |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]]|access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Judiciary and legal processes ===
Ahead of the 2010 [[Allahabad High Court]] verdict on the [[Babri Masjid]]–[[Ram Janmabhoomi]] dispute, Qasmi urged the community to maintain peace and faith in the judiciary. He cautioned against provocations and discouraged both protest and celebration, regardless of the verdict's outcome.<ref name="ht2010">{{Cite news |last=Ghatpande |first=Neha |date=18 September 2010 |title=Federation of minorities appeals for peace before Babri judgment |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/federation-of-minorities-appeals-for-peace-before-babri-judgment/story-CimqGjIJiTV6YmfyJmqLuI.html |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Following the verdict, Qasmi stated that the judgment was "more a reconciliation than a judgment based on merit" and criticized the court's reasoning for designating the site as Ram's birthplace.<ref name="ht2010ayodhya">{{Cite news |last=Johari |first=Aarefa |date=1 October 2010 |title=Community leaders acknowledge judges' peace-making attempt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/community-leaders-acknowledge-judges-peace-making-attempt/story-slrr1sXqKHbfDjQlR61n2O.html |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In 2011, Qasmi condemned the arrest of IPS officer [[Sanjiv Bhatt]], terming it political retaliation against a whistleblower. He emphasized that communal violence must be condemned, but such events should not be used to silence those who speak out.<ref name="indianexpress2011">{{Cite news |title=NGOs, activists seek Bhatt's release |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/ngos-activists-seek-bhatt-s-release/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=4 October 2011 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

In 2014, Qasmi clarified that Shariah courts in India operate as informal mediation forums without legal authority under the Indian Constitution.<ref name="ians_2014">{{Cite news |title=Sharia courts don't clash with Indian legal system: Muslim leaders |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sharia-courts-dont-clash-indian-2199563 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=8 July 2014 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Shariah courts and legal framework ===
In 2014, Qasmi clarified that Shariah courts in India operate as voluntary, community-based mechanisms for resolving personal disputes, primarily within the Muslim community. He emphasized that these forums carry no legal authority and that any aggrieved party is free to seek remedy through formal judicial channels. He described them as a misunderstood but effective system for delivering social justice in areas such as divorce, inheritance, and family matters.<ref name="Sharia courts">{{Cite news |title=Sharia courts don't clash with Indian legal system: Muslim leaders |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sharia-courts-don-t-clash-with-indian-legal-system-muslim-leaders-114070801145_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=8 July 2014 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Education and reform ===
Qasmi has consistently advocated for blending modern and traditional education. In 2013, while addressing a Quran memorization event in Hyderabad, he emphasized the importance of integrating religious learning with contemporary subjects to prepare students for current challenges.<ref name="thehindu2013">{{Cite news |date=21 April 2013 |title=Need to club modern education with religious instruction |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/need-to-club-modern-education-with-religious-instruction/article4643162.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424024106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/need-to-club-modern-education-with-religious-instruction/article4643162.ece |archive-date=24 April 2013 |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]|language=en}}</ref>

In the same year, he criticized the [[Maharashtra government]]'s madrasa modernization initiative, arguing that most Muslim children attend regular schools rather than madrasas. He called for better infrastructure and teacher availability in Urdu-medium schools instead.<ref name="indianexpress2013a">{{Cite news |last=Sonawala |first=Dipti |title=Few takers for madrassa modernisation scheme |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/few-takers-for-madrassa-modernisation-scheme/ |work=The Indian Express |date=30 December 2013 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Gender and personal law ===
In 2013, Qasmi expressed caution over the [[Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan]]'s initiative to establish women-led Shariah courts, questioning their religious expertise and adherence to Islamic legal standards.<ref name="indianexpress2013">{{Cite news |last=Shaikh |first=Zeeshan |date=9 July 2013 |title=Shariah courts for women, by women to come up in 4 cities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/shariah-courts-for-women-by-women-to-come-up-in-4-cities/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622042934/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/shariah-courts-for-women-by-women-to-come-up-in-4-cities/ |archive-date=22 June 2014 |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Qasmi served as coordinator for a protest of nearly 200,000 women at Mumbai's [[Azad Maidan]] against the triple talaq criminalization bill. He argued that the law was an infringement on religious autonomy and would harm rather than help Muslim women.<ref name="tribune2018">{{Cite news |title=Muslim women march in Mumbai for rollback of triple talaq Bill |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/muslim-women-march-in-mumbai-for-rollback-of-triple-talaq-bill-566690/ |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=1 April 2018 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

After the bill became law in 2019, Qasmi condemned it as a "black day" and said the move was humiliating to Indian Muslims and a direct interference in Islamic personal law.<ref name="toi2019tt">{{Cite news |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |title=New triple talaq law brings relief to Muslim women |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/new-triple-talaq-law-brings-relief-to-muslim-women/articleshow/70455656.cms |work=The Times of India |date=30 July 2019 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Politics and secularism ===
In 2015, Qasmi released an open letter co-signed by over 200 scholars urging the reunification of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] factions to offer unified leadership to Indian Muslims. The letter warned of rising Islamophobia and communal violence and called for coordinated resistance.<ref name="bs2015">{{Cite news |title=Muslim youth urge unity of Jamiat to save Islam |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/news-ians/muslim-youth-urge-unity-of-jamiat-to-save-islam-115120500889_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=5 December 2015 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

In the 2019 general election, Qasmi urged support for secular parties but criticized the [[Indian National Congress]] for not forming alliances with other like-minded groups such as [[AIUDF]], [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]], and [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]. He warned that such disunity among secular forces would ultimately benefit communal politics.<ref name="toi2019">{{Cite news |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |title=Mumbai: Muslim religious leaders call for votes for secular parties |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/maharashtra/news/mumbai-muslim-religious-leaders-of-all-sects-call-for-votes-for-secular-parties/articleshow/68754143.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 April 2019 |access-date=25 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== Media narratives and digital engagement ===
In a 2020 interview, Qasmi reflected on the media's evolving portrayal of Muslims. He criticized the repeated labeling of Muslims as "orthodox", "extremist", or "Islamist", calling it a repackaging of old prejudices. He emphasized the importance of digital platforms in empowering Muslim scholars to challenge biased narratives and promote positive engagement through education, economic participation, and media outreach.<ref name="bangalore_mirror2020" />

=== Environmental and civic engagement ===
In August 2017, under the leadership of environmental activist [[Afroz Shah]], students from the MMERC participated in a large-scale beach clean-up drive at [[Versova Beach]], Mumbai. The campaign involved 8,500 students from five schools and over 250 volunteers who collectively removed 160,000 kilograms of waste over the weekend. Qasmi, as Director of MMERC, stated that involving students in such civic efforts would instill in them an understanding of zero-waste principles from an early age, encouraging sustainable practices at home.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Badri |title=8,500 students from 5 Mumbai schools join Versova beach clean-up |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/8-500-students-from-5-mumbai-schools-join-versova-beach-clean-up/story-nLVc1Plu1EyIXlTBoNW8IN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 August 2017 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>

== Affiliations ==
Qasmi has been associated with several religious, educational, and humanitarian organizations in India and abroad. He serves as the Director of the [[Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre|MMERC]] in Mumbai and is the Editor of the English monthly magazine ''Eastern Crescent''. He is also the managing director of Markaz Media and Publications Pvt. Ltd. and Director of Markaz Online Madrasa (MOM), an Islamic e-learning platform. In addition to his administrative roles, Qasmi is a member of the Governing Body of the All India Ulama Council and the executive committee of Jamiat Ulama-e-Maharashtra. He has served as a trustee of the India Wisdom Foundation and the Movement for Human Welfare. Internationally, he is affiliated as a member with [[Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light|Heavenly Culture, World Peace and Restoration of Light]] (HWPL), [[Seoul]], South Korea.<ref name="teachers_resume" />

== Literary works ==
Qasmi has authored several works across genres, including theology, history, language instruction, and poetry. He is the author of ''Recounting Untold History: Darul Uloom Deoband – A Heroic Struggle Against British Tyranny'', which explores the anti-colonial legacy of the Deoband seminary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85hKDgAAQBAJ&dq=burhanuddin+qasmi&pg=PT162 |title=God's Terrorists: The Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad |date=2009-03-05 |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |isbn=978-0-7867-3300-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="teachers_resume" />{{Sfn|Hasan|2013|pp=295–296}}

In addition, Qasmi has published instructional textbooks in English language learning, including ''Short-Term English Learning Course (SELC)'' (2023) and ''Advanced English Conversation Course (AECC)'' (2023), designed primarily for madrasa graduates.<ref>{{Cite book |title=SHORT-TERM ENGLISH LEARNING COURSE (SELC) |publisher=Markazul Ma'arif |date=2023 |isbn=978-8195450893 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=ADVANCED ENGLISH CONVERSATION COURSE (AECC) |publisher=Markazul Ma'arif |date=2023 |isbn=978-8195450800 }}</ref>

He is also the author of ''Seeratun Nabi: A Biography of Prophet Muhammad'' (2024), a concise work on the life of the Prophet aimed at general readers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=SEERATUN NABI – A Biography of Prophet Muhammad |publisher=Markazul Ma'arif |date=2024 |isbn=978-8196144951 }}</ref>

Qasmi has written extensively in English, Urdu, Hindi, and Bengali for national and international publications. His articles and essays have appeared in outlets such as [[The Hindu]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Indian Express]], [[Asian Tribune]], [[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]], Eastern Post, and [[The Milli Gazette]].<ref name="teachers_resume" />{{Sfn|Hasan|2013|pp=295–296}}

In addition to essays and [[op-ed]]s, Qasmi has composed over a hundred poems in English and Bengali, often exploring themes of faith, social justice, and personal reflection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhammad Burhanuddin Qasmi - Independent Researcher |url=https://markazulmaarif.academia.edu/MuhammadBurhanuddinQasmi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427123952/https://markazulmaarif.academia.edu/MuhammadBurhanuddinQasmi |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=Academia.edu}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Maulana Azad National Urdu University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Karimganj district]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian human rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]

Imran Reza Ansari

2026-05-06T18:39:18Z

AntoineScaby:

{{short description| Indian politician, businessman and religious scholar }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox politician
| name = Imran Reza Ansari
| native_name = مولانامولوى عمران رضا انصاری

| occupation = Politician,Businessman,Religious Cleric
| constituency = [[Pattan]], [[Baramulla]], Kashmir
| alma_mater = [[Tyndale Biscoe School]], [[SP School]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[Al-Mustafa International University]], [[Qom Hawza]], [[Damascus University]], [[Hawza of Syria]],
| birth_date = 7 March 1972
| birth_place = Srinagar, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]
| other_party = *'''President''', [[All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association]], 
*'''Chairman''' [[Imam Hussain A.S Charitable Trust]]
*'''President''', Maarif-Uloom-Islami [Educational wing of [[All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association]] ].
* [[Jammu and Kashmir People’s Democratic Party]]
| children = [[Mohammad Jawad Ansari]] (son)
| signature =
| image =
}}

'''Imran Reza Ansari''' (born 7 March 1972) is a Kashmiri politician and a Shia cleric, succeeding his father [[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari]] after the latter's death.
He is the nephew of former MLA Zadibal [[Abid Hussain Ansari]] and Grandson of Molvi [[Jawad Ansari]].
He won elections from the [[Pattan]] constituency on PDP's ticket and was nominated as Minister of Information Technology, Technical Education and Youth Services and Sports. After disagreements with the leadership of the party, in 2018, Ansari left the PDP and joined the People's Conference [PC].

He is the President of the All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association. Ansari is the Wakil (Representative) of Ayatollah Sistani, a post which he received upon succeeding his father, in the religious and political spheres.
He is also the representative of Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi.

==Early life and education==
Imran Reza Ansari was born to Kashmir's influential [[Shia]] religious cleric [[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari]] on 7 March 1972. He is elder to his brother Irfan Reza Ansari and younger to his sister. Raza Ansari had his matriculation from [[Tyndale Biscoe School]] in [[Srinagar]]. He then went to [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] with arts as his subject. Later he had his masters from same institution, where he qualified with a master's degree in [[political science]].
Being a member of a clerical and religious family he was aware of his forthcoming responsibilities. And so, after qualifying masters, he went to study Islamic Doctrine at [[Sayyidah Zaynab|Howzeh Zainabiyyah]] in Syria, while also simultaneously achieving a Degree in the Arabic Language at the Department of Linguistics at the [[Damascus University|University Of Damascus]]. He lived and studied there for about 8 years. After which, Ansari spend some time studying theoogical courses at Lebanon. And finally, he then settled in Qom, to study at the [[Qom Hawza]] & [[Al-Mustafa International University]] to study Islamic Philosophy and Theology.
Ansari returned from Qom after studying there for about 5 years.

[https://kashmirlife.net/i-am-mulla-i-am-an-aalim-i-am-a-religious-theologian-who-has-added-one-more-field-to-his-career-that-is-politics-issue-04-vol-07-76709/]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imranrezaansari.com/page-sidebar.html#|title=About {{pipe}} Imran Reza Ansari|website=www.imranrezaansari.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411173446/http://www.imranrezaansari.com/page-sidebar.html |archive-date=2015-04-11}}</ref>

== Political career ==
[[File:Imran Raza Ansari calling on the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (IC), Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Shri Vijay Goel, in New Delhi.jpg|right|thumb|Imran Reza Ansari with [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]] in 2017.]]
After death of his father [[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari]] in 2014, Imran Reza Ansari was fielded by [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] at the [[Pattan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pattan]] constituency where his father served before. In [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]], Imran Reza Ansari won from his constituency with more than 14000+ votes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/pattan.html | title=Pattan Election 2014, Results, Candidate List and winner of Pattan Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency, Jammu and Kashmir | access-date=5 April 2015 | archive-date=7 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407161218/http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/pattan.html | url-status=live }}</ref> After new government was formed by Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, Imran Ansari was declared minister of Information Technology, Technical Education, Youth Service and Sports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2015/Mar/5/jk-ministers-take-charge-of-offices-5.asp |title=JK ministers take charge of offices Lastupdate:- Thu, 5 Mar 2015 18:30:00 GMT GreaterKashmir.com |website=www.greaterkashmir.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306075510/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2015/Mar/5/jk-ministers-take-charge-of-offices-5.asp |archive-date=2015-03-06}}</ref><ref>[http://india.shafaqna.com/content/imran-raza-ansari-keeping-winning-legacy-his-late-father-alive-bags-seat-pattan-assembly]{{dead link|date=January 2019}}</ref> He has also served as the president of [[Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association|Jammu and Kashmir Cricket Association]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=July 19, 2016|title=JKCA elects minister Ansari as new president|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/jkca-elects-minister-ansari-as-new-president/articleshow/53287185.cms|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726163928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/jkca-elects-minister-ansari-as-new-president/articleshow/53287185.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Ansari ended the three decade long term of [[Farooq Abdullah]], when he was newly elected as president of Jammu and Kashmir Cricket Association on 16 July 2016.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
*[[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari]]
*[[Irfan Reza Ansari]]
*[[Abid Hussain Ansari]]
*[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
*[[Sajjad Gani Lone]]

== References ==
<ref name="IndiaTV_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/profile/imran-raza-ansari |title=Imran Raza Ansari Latest News, Profile, Biography, Photos and Videos |publisher=India TV News |access-date=November 4, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="HT_JKCA">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jammu-and-kashmir-election-results-shia-cleric-imran-reza-ansari-trails-from-pattan-constituency-101728241100566.html |title=Jammu and Kashmir election results: Shia cleric Imran Reza Ansari trails from Pattan constituency |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |quote=He has also been the president of the Jammu and Kashmir Cricket Association (JKCA). On July 16, 2016, Ansari ended Farooq Abdullah's long tenure of over 30 years when he was elected president of the association.}}</ref>

{{reflist}}

==External Links==
{{Commons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, Imran Raza}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Kashmiri politicians]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Tyndale Biscoe School alumni]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]

Kashi ropeway

2026-05-01T20:36:25Z

AntoineScaby: started new info

{{Short description|Aerial cable car in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox aerial lift line

| line_color = 
| name = Kashi ropeway
| image =
| image_size =
| alt = 
| caption =
| image_map =
| image_map_size =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_size = 
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 

| alt_name =
| status =Under Construction
| character = [[Urban transit]]
| system = 
| line_no = 
| location = [[Varanasi]]
| country = India
| coordinates = 
| start = Varanasi Cantonment
| end = Godowlia Chowk
| elev_low =
| elev_high =
| cont_from = 
| cont_as = 
| connect_lines = 
| no_stations = 5
| services = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| built_by = Vishwa Samudra Engineering Pvt Ltd
| constr_cost = {{INRConvert|645|c}}
| begin = March 2022
| open = 
| last_ext = 
| close = 
| reopen = 
| website =

| owner =
| operator =
| no_carriers = 153
| carrier_cap = 10 passengers
| ridership = 96000/day (expected)
| operating_times = 
| trips_daily =
| headway = 
| trip_duration = 16 minutes
| fare =
| operating_time = 16 hrs/day

| lift_type = 
| manufactured_by = Bartholet Maschinenbau AG
| line_length = {{convert|3.75|km|mi}}
| no_towers = 30
| no_cables =
| cable_diameter =
| inst_power = 
| speed = 
| notes = 
| vertical =
| max_gradient =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-marker = aerialway
| map_state =
| map_name = Kashi ropeway
}}

'''Kashi ropeway''' is an under construction [[Aerial tramway|aerial cable car]] [[Gondola lift#Urban transport|urban transit system]] in [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It will be the first public transport ropeway of India. It will be 3.75km long with five stations connecting [[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi Cantonment railway station]] to Godowlia Chowk. It is expected to open in August 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kashi ropeway project on track; likely to start in Aug |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/kashi-ropeway-project-on-track-likely-to-start-in-aug/articleshow/118768015.cms |website=The Times of India |date=6 March 2025}}</ref>

==History==

When the development plan of metro was rejected in June 2018, the Varanasi Development Authority (VDA) asked [[Rail India Technical and Economic Service]] (RITES) to prepare [[Rapid transit|mass rapid transit system]] (MRTS) plan for the city in December 2019.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-10 |title=Varanasi: Execution of Kashi ropeway project likely after October 14 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/execution-of-kashi-ropeway-project-likely-after-october-14/articleshow/94750541.cms |access-date=2023-03-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> RITES included ropeway and [[Medium-capacity rail system|light metro]] in MRTS plan.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Narendra |date=2019-12-30 |title=RITES to Submit light metro and ropeway project DPR for Varanasi |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/rites-to-submit-light-metro-and-ropeway-project-dpr-for-varanasi/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref> It is being constructed under Parvatmala Pariyojana.<ref name=":1" />

The project was presented by [[WAPCOS Limited]] in November 2021 and the first tender was floated in December 2021 but was repeatedly delayed later.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2022-08-01 |title=Two bidders in race for Kashi ropeway project |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/two-bidders-in-race-for-kashi-ropeway-project/articleshow/93260260.cms |access-date=2023-03-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The two Austrian engineering firms Salzmann and Bernard Group planned the project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eleven urban ropeways for India |url=https://www.simagazin.com/en/si-urban-en/topics-urban/urban/eleven-urban-ropeways-for-india/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Seilbahnen International |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salzmann Ingenieure And Bernard Gruppe Planning Eleven Ropeways In India |url=https://www.snowindustrynews.com/articles/2022/november/salzmann-ingenieure-and-bernard-gruppe-planning-eleven-ropeways-in-india/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.snowindustrynews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2021, VDA authorised National Highways Logistics Management Ltd (NHLML), a subsidiary of [[National Highways Authority of India|National Highway Authority of India]] (NHAI) to execute the project which also conducted feasibility study. VDA and NHLML signed memorandum of understating with [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Indian Railways]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The Government of Uttar Pradesh acquired the land for stations and towers.<ref name=":3" /> Sai Geotechnical Engineer Pvt Ltd conducted the geotechnical investigation.<ref name=":3" />

In April–June 2022, the tender was floated by the NHLML.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":3" /> In December 2022, the NHLML awarded the contract worth {{INRconvert|807|c}} to Vishwa Samudra Engineering Private Limited and Bartholet Maschinenbau AG of Switzerland. The bid price was {{INRconvert|815.6|c}}. It will be constructed using hybrid annuity model, in which 60% and 40% of the cost will be paid during the construction period and operation-maintenance period respectively. The company will maintain the ropeway for 15 years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2022-12-28 |title=VS Engg bags contract to build India's first urban ropeway project in Varanasi |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/vs-engg-bags-contract-to-built-indias-first-urban-ropeway-project-in-varanasi/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Varanasi ropeway project gets Rs 322 cr funding from Swiss firm - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/varanasi-ropeway-project-gets-rs-322-cr-funding-from-swiss-firm/amp_articleshowarticleshow/114598142.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>

On 24 March 2022, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation of the ropeway. The construction will cost {{INRconvert|645|c}}. It will facilitate movement of local people, tourists and pilgrims to Godowlia, Kashi Corridor, [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] and [[Dashashwamedh Ghat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=PM to lay foundation for India's 1st public transport ropeway in Kashi tomorrow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/pm-to-lay-foundation-for-india-s-1st-public-transport-ropeway-in-kashi-tomorrow-101679577986512.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Varanasi news today: PM Modi lays foundation of India's first public transport ropeway worth Rs 645 crores in Kashi - Check Varanasi ropeway project map, tender and other details |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/varanasi-news-today-pm-modi-lays-foundation-of-indias-first-public-transport-ropeway-worth-rs-645-crores-in-kashi-check-varanasi-ropeway-project-map-tender-and-other-details-article-98961726 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The construction and operation are expected to start in May 2023 and in May 2025 respectively.<ref name=":3" />

It will be the first public transport ropeway of India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=PM Modi Lays Foundation Stone for Kashi Ropeway: India 3rd in World to Get it {{!}} All You Need to Know |url=https://www.news18.com/india/pm-modi-lays-foundation-stone-for-kashi-ropeway-india-3rd-in-world-to-get-it-all-you-need-to-know-7376377.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>.

== Technical features ==
The line will be {{convert|3.75|km|mi|abbr=on}} long. It will operate from [[Varanasi Cantonment Railway Station|Varanasi Cantonment railway station]] to Godowlia Chowk. It will have three other stations: [[Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith|Kashi Vidyapith]] ([[Bharat Mata Mandir]]), Rath Yatra and Girja Ghar.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropeway Project: रोपवे बनने से खत्म हो जाएंगे काशी विद्यापीठ के चार विभाग, भारत माता मंदिर के अस्तित्व पर भी संकट |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/ropeway-project-in-varanasi-four-departments-of-kashi-vidyapith-will-end-due-to-construction-of-ropeway-bharat-mata-temple-too |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> There will be no passenger exchange at Girja Ghar.<ref name=":3" /> Total 30 towers with height ranging from 10 to 55 metre will be constructed.<ref name=":3" />

It is expected to transport 96,000 passengers per day.<ref name=":3" /> It will have a maximum capacity of 3000 [[passengers per hour per direction]]. It will have 153 cars with capacity of 10 passengers each. It will operate 16 hours a day and will complete the trip in 16 minutes.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
! width="100" |Line
! width="360" |Terminus stations
!Other stations
! width="110" |Length
!Travel time
!Stations
!Cabins
!Capacity
!Towers
! width="150" |Expected date of opening
|-
| Line-1
|[[Varanasi cantonment]] - Godowlia Chowk
|
* Kashi Vidyapith (Bharatmala Mandir)
* Rath Yatra
* Girja Ghar
|{{convert|3.75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|16 min
|5
|153
|3000 [[Passengers per hour per direction|pphpd]]
|30
|May 2025
|}

==Status Updates==

* '''December 2025:''' Total of 5 stations and 29 towers have been constructed for the ropeway, with extensive trials underway. Expected to be operational by '''''May 2026.'''''

==See also==
* [[Varanasi Metro]]
* [[Aerial lift in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Aerial tramways in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh]]

Sarita Adhana

2026-05-01T13:15:14Z

AntoineScaby: New

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sarita Adhana
| image =
| caption =
| nationality =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|1|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Para-archery]]}}[[File:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Archery Championship|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 World Para Archery Championships|2025 Gwangju]]|[[2025 World Para Archery Championships – Women's doubles compound open|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Doubles Compound]]}}
}}

'''Sarita Adhana''' (born 1 January 1987)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/-sarita_2490136 |title=Profile: Sarita |work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]] |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> is an Indian paralympic archer. She qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] in Paris in the women's [[Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual compound open|Individual compound]] event of Archery competitions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-08-14 |title=India at Paris Paralympics 2024: Complete list of 84 athletes at Paralympic Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/paris-2024-india-paralympics-contingent-full-list-of-84-indian-athletes-qualified-sports-ministry-paralympic-games-news/article68512627.ece |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She lost in the quarterfinals at Paris Paralympics.

==Career==
She represented India at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] held at [[Hangzhou]], [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Para Asian Archery Championship: Sarita Devi Claims Bronze, Sheetal Devi and Rakesh Kumar Raech Finals |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/para-asian-archery-championship-sarita-devi-claims-bronze-sheetal-devi-and-rakesh-kumar-raech-finals-8669904.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title=PCI confident of record medal haul from India's para athletes at Paris Paralympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/pci-confident-of-record-medal-haul-from-indias-para-athletes-at-paris-paralympics/articleshow/110974172.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/faridabad/news/faridabad-sarita-adhana-won-silver-medal-archery-in-para-asian-games-132068460.html |title=फरीदाबाद की सरिता ने तीरंदाजी में जीता सिल्वर मेडलः हांगझू में हुए पैरा एशियाई खेल में लिया था हिस्सा |trans-title=Sarita of Faridabad won silver medal in archery: Had participated in Para Asian Games held in Hangzhou |work=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> She won a bronze medal in the Women's compound archery open section of the Para Asian Archery Championship winning the all-Indian play-off for bronze defeating compatriot [[Jyoti Baliyan]] 139–135.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Para Asian Archery Championship: Sarita wins bronze; Sheetal, Rakesh in line for gold medal |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/sarita-devi-sheetal-devi-rakesh-kumar-para-asian-archery-championship-medal-list/article67554510.ece |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She also won a silver medal in the team event along with [[Sheetal Devi]], to whom she lost the semifinal in the individual event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudharsan |first=M |title=Asian Para Games 2023: Sheetal Devi, Sarita combine to win compound women's doubles silver |url=https://khelnow.com/asian-games/2023-10-asian-para-games-2023-archery-sheetal-devi-sarita-silver |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Khel Now |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Deepanshu |date=2023-11-20 |title=Asian Para Archery Championships: Sarita wins bronze in women's compound event |url=https://thebridge.in/archery/asian-para-archery-championships-sarita-wins-bronze-womens-compound-44814 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

She trained for the 2023 [[Asian Games]] at [[Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine]]'s sports complex at [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=Two gold medals for J&K archers at Asian Para Games |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/two-gold-medals-for-j-k-archers-at-asian-para-games-101698509380538.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2023, she won a bronze medal at the Asian Para Archery Championships in Bangkok.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwek |first=Kimberly |date=2023-11-23 |title=Singapore's Nur Syahidah Alim claims gold at the Asian Para Archery Championships |url=https://tnp.straitstimes.com/sports/others/singapores-nur-syahidah-alim-claims-gold-asian-para-archery-championships |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The New Paper |language=en}}</ref> Later, she qualified for the Paralympics at the same tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saanvi |date=2023-11-20 |title=India Shines at Asian Para Archery Championships: Sarita Strikes Bronze in Historic Win |url=https://cynergysports.com/content/india-shines-at-asian-para-archery-championships-sarita-strikes-bronze-in-historic-win |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Cynergy Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/faridabad/story-sarita-adhana-brought-honor-to-the-country-by-winning-silver-in-archery-8899230.html |title=सरिता अधाना ने तीरंदाजी में रजत जीतकर देश का मान बढ़ाया |trans-title=Sarita Adhana brought glory to the country by winning silver in archery |work=Hindustan |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Deepanshu |date=2023-11-20 |title=Asian Para Archery Championships: Sarita wins bronze in women's compound event |url=https://thebridge.in/archery/asian-para-archery-championships-sarita-wins-bronze-womens-compound-44814 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adhana, Sarita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female archers]]
[[Category:Paralympic archers for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]

Gyanesh Kumar

2026-04-29T17:01:22Z

AntoineScaby: started biography

{{Short description|Chief Election Commissioner of India since 2025}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gyanesh Kumar
| image = Gyanesh Kumar at India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management 2025 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kumar in 2025.
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|1|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Agra]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| office = [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]]
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| predecessor = [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]]
| term_start = 19 February 2025
| term_end =
| office1 = [[Election Commissioner of India]]
| alongside1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Sandhu]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Election Commissioner
| 1namedata1 = [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]]
| predecessor1 = [[Anup Chandra Pandey]]
| successor1 = [[Vivek Joshi]]
| term_start1 = 14 March 2024
| term_end1 = 18 February 2025
| office2 = [[Ministry of Cooperation|Cooperation Secretary of India]]
| minister2 = [[Amit Shah]]
| term_end2 = 31 January 2024
| term_start2 = 3 May 2022
| predecessor2 = Devendra Kumar Singh
| successor2 = Ashish Kumar Bhutani
| office3 = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs Secretary of India]]
| order = 
| predecessor3 = R. S. Shukla
| successor3 = Gudey Srinivas
| minister3 = [[Prahlad Joshi]]
| term_start3 = 1 May 2021
| term_end3 = 2 May 2022
| alma_mater = {{Bulleted list |[[IIT Kanpur]] ([[BTech]]) |[[Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India]] ([[Corporate finance|Business finance]]) |[[Harvard University]] ([[Environmental economics]])}}
| occupation =
}}

'''Gyanesh Kumar''' (born 27 January 1964) is the current  [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|chief election commissioner of India]], and the first to be appointed under the [[Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title=Gyanesh Kumar to take over as Chief Election Commissioner on February 19; Supreme Court to hear plea against law under which he was appointed |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gyanesh-kumar-to-take-charge-as-26th-chief-election-commissioner-on-february-19/article69234189.ece |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gyanesh Kumar appointed 26th Chief Election Commissioner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gyanesh-kumar-appointed-26th-chief-election-commissioner/articleshow/118335153.cms |access-date=2025-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He has previously served as an [[Election Commissioner of India|election commissioner]] and as an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyanesh Kumar Appointed New Chief Election Commissioner |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gyanesh-kumar-appointed-new-chief-election-commissioner-7733534 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> He came under scrutiny during the [[2025 Indian electoral controversy]], where the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) was accused of collusion with the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of having engaged in [[electoral fraud]] in the [[2024 Indian general election]].

== Early life and education ==
Gyanesh Kumar was born on 27 January 1964 in [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He completed a [[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]] at [[IIT Kanpur]]. Following his graduating, Kumar pursued [[Corporate finance|Business Finance]] at the [[Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India]], before studying [[Environmental economics|Environmental Economics]] at [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Who is Gyanesh Kumar, the newly-appointed Election Commissioner ? |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/from-overseeing-article-370-abrogation-to-heading-mha-desk-on-ayodhya-meet-gyanesh-kumar-the-new-election-commissioner-11710407685528.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[Livemint]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2025 |title=IIT Kanpur, Roorkee, Harvard University: Educational qualifications of Gyanesh Kumar & Vivek Joshi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-kanpur-roorkee-harvard-university-educational-qualifications-ec-vivek-joshi-cec-gyanesh-kumar-jee-main-advanced-9842296/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219005454/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-kanpur-roorkee-harvard-university-educational-qualifications-ec-vivek-joshi-cec-gyanesh-kumar-jee-main-advanced-9842296/ |archive-date=19 February 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumar is a retired [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer of the 1988 Kerala batch. Kumar served as [[Joint Secretary to the Government of India|joint secretary]] in the department of defence production at the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|ministry of defence]] from 2007 to 2012.<ref name="IE">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Who is Gyanesh Kumar, the Election Commissioner picked by PM Modi-led panel |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/gyanesh-kumar-election-commissioner-pm-modi-led-panel-9214010/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> He served as [[Secretary to the Government of India|secretary]] in the [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|ministry of parliamentary affairs]] and the [[Ministry of Co-operation|ministry of co-operation]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-14 |title=Who is Gyanesh Kumar, the newly appointed election commissioner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/who-is-gyanesh-kumar-the-newly-appointed-election-commissioner/articleshow/108489268.cms |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="Outlook">{{Cite web |title=Who Are Gyanesh Kumar and Sukhbir Singh Sandhu, The Retired IAS Officers Appointed As Election Commissioners? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/who-are-gyanesh-kumar-and-sukhbir-singh-sandhu-the-bureaucrats-appointed-as-election-commissioners |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=15 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Kumar was involved in the drafting of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act]], which [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revoked the special autonomous status]] granted to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Mukesh |last=Ranjan |date=18 February 2025 |title=Gyanesh Kumar, once known as 'Kahwa man’ in Delhi's North Block is now Chief Election Commissioner |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Feb/18/gyanesh-kumar-once-known-as-kahwa-man-in-delhis-north-block-is-now-chief-election-commissioner |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> In January 2020, Kumar was assigned to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|ministry of home affairs]], wherein he was involved in the establishment of the [[Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra]], the organisation overseeing the construction and management of the [[Ram Mandir]] at the site of the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|demolished]] [[Babri Masjid]].<ref name="Outlook" />

=== Chief Election Commissioner of India ===
On 19 February 2025, Kumar was appointed as the new [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gyanesh Kumar Appointed as India's New Chief Election Commissioner |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/gyanesh-kumar-appointed-as-indias-new-chief-election-commissioner |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref>

==== 2025 Indian electoral controversy ====
{{Main|2025 Indian electoral controversy}}
In August 2025, Kumar became a focal point of the [[2025 Indian electoral controversy]], wherein [[Rahul Gandhi]], the leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] (often simply known as "the Congress"), alleged widespread [[electoral fraud]] in the [[2024 Indian general election]] and the collusion of the ECI with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), leading to protests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=Congress has ‘atom bomb’ of evidence on vote theft and when it explodes, EC wont have a place to hide, says Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-we-have-found-is-an-atom-bomb-theres-100-proof-ec-doing-vote-chori-for-bjp-congress-leader-rahul-gandhi/article69882114.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801083529/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-we-have-found-is-an-atom-bomb-theres-100-proof-ec-doing-vote-chori-for-bjp-congress-leader-rahul-gandhi/article69882114.ece |archive-date=1 August 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Gandhi stated that votes had been "stolen" in Karnataka’s [[Mahadevapura Assembly constituency]] through five separate ways, those being 11,965 duplicate voters, 40,009 voters with fake and invalid addresses, 10,452 bulk voters or single address voters, 4,132 voters with invalid photos, and 33,692 voters misusing Form 6, which is used for the registration of new voters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Sravasti |date=7 August 2025 |title='Elections Choreographed, Huge Criminal Fraud by Election Commission': Rahul Gandhi |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/elections-choreographed-huge-criminal-fraud-by-election-commission-rahul-gandhi/amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250927190145/https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/elections-choreographed-huge-criminal-fraud-by-election-commission-rahul-gandhi/amp |archive-date=27 September 2025 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref> Kumar was widely criticised by opposition parties and leaders, of the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA) coalition of failing to adequately respond to the allegations and of mimicking BJP rhetoric. In reaction, Kumar criticised the opposition of "spreading misinformation".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=K. Nair |first=Sobhana |date=18 August 2025 |title=INDIA bloc considering motion to remove CEC Gyanesh Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-bloc-considering-motion-to-remove-chief-election-commissioner-gyanesh-kumar-august-18-2025/article69946271.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818175056/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-bloc-considering-motion-to-remove-chief-election-commissioner-gyanesh-kumar-august-18-2025/article69946271.ece |archive-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Kumar also refused to provide machine-readable voter lists and CCTV footage of polling, citing "voter privacy concerns", instead repeatedly demanding that the opposition submit signed affidavits. However, when asked about [[Anurag Thakur]], a BJP [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] who had made similar allegations of electoral fraud against the Congress, but against whom the ECI had remained silent and who was not asked to submit any affidavits, Kumar did not respond.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakrabarty |first=Sreeparna |date=17 August 2025 |title=File affidavit in seven days or apologise: ECI ultimatum on Rahul Gandhi’s Karnataka vote theft |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/file-affidavit-in-seven-days-or-apologise-eci-ultimatum-on-rahul-gandhis-karnataka-vote-theft-allegations/article69944380.ece/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911085155/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/file-affidavit-in-seven-days-or-apologise-eci-ultimatum-on-rahul-gandhis-karnataka-vote-theft-allegations/article69944380.ece/amp/ |archive-date=11 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

During a parliamentary session on 18 August 2025, the INDIA bloc publicly acknowledged that it was considering a [[Impeachment|motion of impeachment]] against Kumar.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Gyanesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Election Commission of India]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Electoral fraud in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Political scandals in India]]

Sirshendu De

2026-04-20T23:32:52Z

AntoineScaby: Stub

{{Short description|Indian engineering scientist (born 1967)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sirshendu De
| image = File:Prof Sirshendu De.webp
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = Sirshendu De
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|7|10}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = Indian
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Chemical Engineering]]
| work_institutions = [[IIT Kharagpur]]
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Membrane Separations; [[R&D]]; [[Innovation]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| prizes = [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]]
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}
'''Sirshendu De''' (born 10 July 1967)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sciences |first1=Indian Academy of |title=Indian Academy of Sciences |url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL2024010 |website=fellows.ias.ac.in |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> is an Indian engineering scientist. He is a [[professor]] of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in [[Kharagpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entry of Sirshendu De in Office of Resources and Alumni, India Institute of Technology Kanpur |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/profile/Prof-Sirshendu-De}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Entry of Sirshendu De in faculty details of Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur website. |url=https://www.iitkgp.ac.in/department/CH/faculty/ch-sde}}</ref>

De obtained his [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor's]], [[Master's degree|Master's]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degrees in [[Chemical engineering|Chemical Engineering]] at the [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in [[Kanpur]]. He began working at the [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in [[Kharagpur]] in the year 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof Sirshendu De {{!}} IIT Kanpur |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/profile/Prof-Sirshendu-De |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.iitk.ac.in}}</ref>

==Awards==
De's honors in [[chemical engineering]] include the Amar Dye Chem Award (2000), the INAE Young Engineer Award (2001), the Sisir Kumar Mitra Memorial Award (2003), and the Herdilia Award (2010). In 2012, he received the DAE-SRC Outstanding Investigator Award and the Silver Jubilee Young Engineer Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entry of Sirshendu De in Office of Resources and Alumni, India Institute of Technology Kanpur |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/profile/Prof-Sirshendu-De}}</ref> In 2011, he was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Prize |first1=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar |title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=357 |website=ssbprize.gov.in |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

He developed a [[low-cost]] arsenic [[water filter]] designed for use in rural Indian households.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Better India - With This Low-Cost Arsenic Water Filter, an IIT Kharagpur Professor Wants to Helps Lakhs of Indians |url=https://thebetterindia.com/91553/arsenic-water-filter-iit-kharagpur/}}</ref> As of 2026, De has published more than 250 peer-reviewed articles and authored eight books.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Books by Sirshendu De (Author of Integrated Membrane Operations) |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/3263307.Sirshendu_De |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> He holds 15 patents and has transferred four technologies to industrial partners for commercial application. His work has been [[Citation|cited]] over 3,400 times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entry of Sirshendu De in ResearchGate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sirshendu-De}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:De, Sirshendu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Engineers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]

List of Malankara metropolitans

2026-04-20T05:22:12Z

AntoineScaby: Creating Some Article W/ Infobox

{{short description|None}}

[[Malankara Metropolitan]] is a title formerly given to the head of the [[Malankara Church]] by the Government of [[Travancore]] and the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] in South India. [[Malankara Metropolitan]] is the temporal head of the Malankara Church and is elected by the Malankara Association, the chief administrative body of the Malankara Nasrani Community.

The Malankara Metropolitan is the head of the Malankara Church. Due to schisms in the Malankara Church, there are three distinct lines of Malankara Metropolitan.

The head of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] is known as the Malankara Metropolitan, and it was recognized by the [[Supreme Court of India]] as the Malankara Metropolitan in the verdict pertaining to the asset dispute with the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=60636|title=Supreme Court Order July 12, 2002 | Malankara Orthodox TV}}</ref> [[Baselios Marthoma Mathews III]] became Malankara Metropolitan in 2021.

The administrative head of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church]], a maphrianate of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] is known as the Malankara Metropolitan. After the retirement of [[Baselios Thomas I|Mor Baselios Thomas I]], [[Catholicos of India]] from his administrative duties, [[Gregorios Joseph|Mor Gregorios Joseph]] became Metropolitan Trustee in 2019, and Malankara Metropolitan in 2024.

The [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] primate of the church uses the title "Mar Thoma Metropolitan"<ref name=indexp_Oct29>{{cite news|title=Mar Theodosius to be installed as 22nd Mar Thoma Metropolitan on November 14 – New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/29/mar-theodosius-to-be-installed-as-22nd-mar-thoma-metropolitan-on-november-14-2216350.html|accessdate=14 November 2020|work=New Indian Express|date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=theHindu_Oct28>{{cite news|title=Theodosius to be new Mar Thoma Metropolitan – The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/theodosius-to-be-new-mar-thoma-metropolitan/article32964265.ece|accessdate=14 November 2020|work=The Hindu|date=28 October 2020}}</ref> since 1894. As of 2022 Mar Thoma Metropolitan was [[Theodosius Mar Thoma]].

== List of Malankara Metropolitans(1653-1865) ==
This is the list of Church heads of the [[Malankara Church]] after [[Coonan Cross Oath]]:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=E.M. |title=The Indian Church of St. Thomas |publisher=Mor Addai Study Centre |year=2002}}</ref>
*[[Mar Thoma I]] (1653–1670). Four months after the [[Coonan Cross Oath]], on 22 May 1653, Thoma Kathanar (Archdecon Thomas) of Pakalomatom Family was consecrated as Bishop with the title "Mar Thoma" by 12 priests, with the permission of Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Ahatullah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp|title=koonankurishu.net - koonankurishu Resources and Information.|website=koonankurishu.net}}</ref> He is known as 'Mar Thoma I' or 'Valiya Mar Thoma' (Mar Thoma the Great). The rival Catholic faction argued that consecration of Mar Thoma I by 12 priests was canonically irregular and so the Malankara church sent appeals to various Eastern Christian centers. [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel|Mor Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem, the Patriarchal Delegate reached Malankara in 1665 and regularized the consecration of Mar Thoma I, who had survived a number of assassination attempts. He died on 25 April 1670 and was interred at [[St Mary's Church, Angamaly]].
*[[Mar Thoma II]] (1670–1686). Consecrated by Mar Thoma I and [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel|Mor Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]]. Died on 14 April 1686 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Church, Niranam]].
*[[Mar Thoma III]] (1686–1688). Consecrated by Mar Ivanios Hidyathulla, the Patriarchal Delegate. Died on 21 April 1688 and was interred at [[St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad|St. Thomas Church, Kadampanad]].
*[[Mar Thoma IV]] (1688–1728). Consecrated by Mar Ivanios Hidyathulla. Died on 24 March 1728 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Kandanad|St. Mary's Church, Kandanad]].
*[[Mar Thoma V]] (1728–1765). Consecrated by Mar Thoma IV. Died on 8 May 1765 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Church, Niranam]].
*[[Mar Thoma VI]] (Mar Dionysius I) (1765–1808). Consecrated by Mar Gregorios(Patriarchal Delegate). In June 1770, he accepted reconsecration from Antiochian bishops in order to avoid a split in the Church and the title ''Dionysius'' was accepted. Marthoma VI did not approve the appointment of [[Abraham Mar Koorilos I|Kattumangattu Abraham Mar Coorilos]] as a bishop by a Patriarchal Delegate. This was the beginning of [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]. [[Claudius Buchanan]] visited Mar Thoma VI and made arrangement for the translation of the Bible into Malayalam. Mar Thoma VI presented him the Peshitto Bible written in the old Syriac. This manuscript is kept in the public library of the University of Cambridge. Mar Thoma VI died on 8 April 1808 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu|St. Mary's Church, Puthencavu]].
*[[Mar Thoma VII]] (1808–1809) Consecrated by Mar Thoma VI in 1796. During his time on 1 December 1808, a sum of 3000 Star Pagoda (in 2002 one Star Pagoda coin had a market value of £475) was given as loan in perpetuity to the British resident [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] Macaulay. This is known as ''Vattipanam''. Marthoma VII died on 4 July 1809 and was interred at [[St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery]].
*[[Mar Thoma VIII]] (1809–1816). Consecrated on 2 July 1809 by Marthoma VII. During his time Kottayam Suriyani Seminary (later known as Pazhaya Seminary) was opened and modern education began in Kerala. Marthoma VIII died on 26 January 1816 and was interred at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu|St. Mary's Church, Puthencavu]]
*[[Mar Thoma IX]] (1816–1817). Consecrated by Marthoma VIII, he retired to his home parish [[St. George's Church, Kadamattom]]. He died in 1817 and was interred at Kadamattom Church.
*[[Mar Dionysius II]] (Pulikottil Joseph Mar Dionysius I) (1816-1816). Born as Joseph Ittoop in Pulikkottil family in [[Kunnamkulam]] in 1742 and was ordained as bishop with title Joseph Mar Dionysius by [[Geevarghese Philoxenos II | Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos II]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]] on 22 March 1815. After the death of Mar Thoma VIII, who ordained his uncle Iype Kathanar as [[Mar Thoma IX]] was forced to abdicate his position and hand over charge to Joseph Mar Dionysius as he was made the supreme head of the Malankara Church by a Royal proclamation issued by the ruler of Travancore and later by the ruler of Cochin. From the time of Joseph Mar Dionysius, the title of Malankara Church head is known as ''Malankara Metropolitan''. As he was the second Bishop with the name ''Dionysius'' in Malankara Church, he is also known as Mar Dionysius II. He died on 24 November 1816 and was interred at [[Pazhaya Seminary|Pazhaya Seminary, Kottayam]]. The validity of his episcopal consecration is debated.
**[[Geevarghese Philoxenos II |Mar Philoxenos II]] (1816-1817) - Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos II Metropolitan of Thozhiyoor and acting malankara metropolitan for two times
*[[Mar Dionysius III]] (Punnathra Mar Dionysius) (1817–1825). Born as Kurien in Punnathara family in [[Kottayam]] in 1785 and ordained as bishop by [[Geevarghese Philoxenos II | Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos II]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]] on 19 October 1817. He was pressurised by Angilican missionaries who wanted to reform the Malankara Church. He had to appoint a six-member committee to suggest improvements to be made in the church. He died on 17 May 1825 and was interred at [[Kottayam Cheriapally|St. Mary's Cheriapally, Kottayam]]. The validity of his episcopal consecration is debated
*[[Mar Dionysius IV]] (Cheppattu Philipose Mar Dionysius) (1825–1852). Born as Philipose in Aanjilimootil family in [[Pallippad]] near [[Cheppad]] in 1781 and was consecrated by [[Geevarghese Philoxenos II | Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos II]] of [[Thozhiyur Church]] on 27 August 1825. He had to face many obstacles during his reign. The C.M.S missionaries who came from England and their and the Anglican bishop of Calcutta began to interfere in the internal affairs of the Malankara Church. A letter from the bishop of Calcutta in 1835 suggested some changes in administration and liturgical practices of Malankara Church. Dionysius IV convened a meeting of the representatives of the parishes at [[Mavelikara]] on 16 January 1836 and rejected the suggestions of the Anglican Bishop. The meeting at Mavelikara gave official recognition to the Patriarch of Antioch as the Supremacy Administration<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StGG/mavelikara__padiyola.htm|title=Mavelikara Padiyola|website=www.syriacchristianity.info}}</ref> of the Malankara Church. Hence, it was at this time Malankara Church came to be referred to as ''Jacobite Church''. Soon the C.M.S. missionaries formed the C.M.S. Church and a minority of Malankara Church members joined in C.M.S. Church. The validity of his episcopal consecration is debated Even after Malankara Church ended its relationship with C.M.S. missionaries, the teaching of the missionaries influenced a group of church members. Some clergies under the leadership of [[Abraham Malpan|Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan]] urged for a reformation in the Church. Abraham Malpan send his nephew Palakunnathu Deacon Mathews to Antioch. He was consecrated as bishop with the title [[Mathews Mar Athanasius]] by Patriarch of Antioch, [[Ignatius Elias II]] on 17 February 1842. He was the first bishop in Malankara ordained by Patriarch of Antioch. After about a year, in March 1843 Athanasius returned to India. There were objections from among the Malankara Church, due to his reformist tendencies. They later wrote to Antioch their objections and hence in 1846 the Patriarch of Antioch sent a Metropolitan Mor Kurilos Yuyakkim to Malankara as his delegate. In 1852 Dionysius IV abdicated due to poor health. Both Mor Kurilos Yuyakkim and Mathews Mar Athanasius made the claims for the Malankara Metropolitan title. The King of Travancore appointed a committee of four senior government officers and they decided that a foreign bishop could not be regarded as the Malankara Metropolitan. So the king issued a proclamation in favour of Mathews Mar Athanasius on 30 August 1852. After abdicating, Dionysius IV was bedridden due to ill health and died on 9 October 1855 and was interred at [[St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad|St. George Church, Cheppad]]
*[[Mathews Mar Athanasius]] (1852–1865). During the reign of Mathews Mar Athanasius reformation of the Church gained a momentum. However, the large majority of the people were traditionalist and the reformist party was a small minority. Traditionalist party sent Fr.Joseph (Ouseph Kathanar) of Pulikkottil family to Antioch. He was the nephew of Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious I ([[Mar Dionysius II]]). He was consecrated as Joseph Mar Dionysius II ([[Mar Dionysius V]]) by Patriarch of Antioch [[Ignatius Yakoob II]] on 7 May 1865. After reaching Malankara, [[Mar Dionysius V]] had requested to the Government of Travancore, for revoking the Royal Proclamation, issued earlier in favour of Mathews Mar Athanasius. But this appeal was rejected by Government and asked Mar Dionysius V to approach the Royal Court. Mathews Mar Athanasius consecrated elder son of [[Abraham Malpan]] with title [[Thomas Mar Athanasius]] as his successor in 1869. Mathews Mar Athanasius died on 16 July 1877 and was interred at Maramon Church. Litigation between the Traditionalist and Reformist factions continued until 12 July 1889, when [[Thomas Mar Athanasius]] was excluded from the office by the Royal Court of Travancore, which instead declared [[Mar Dionysius V]] (Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II) as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan. The Reformist faction organized itself as the Oriental Protestant [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]], which persists to this day.

== List of Malankara Metropolitans of Malankara Church (1865 -1934) ==
Source:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=E.M. |title=The Indian Church of St. Thomas |publisher=London Mission Press |year=1950 |edition=2nd}}</ref>
*[[Mar Dionysius V]] (Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysius II) (1865–1909)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1883692/|title=Most. Rev.P.M.A. Metropolitan & ... vs Moran Mar Marthoma Mathews & Anr.Etc on 20 June, 1995|website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref> Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Yaqub II, Patriarch of Antioch.
*[[Dionysius VI]](Vattesseril) (1909–1934) Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II, Patriarch of Antioch. Schism in the Malankara Church occurred in 1911 during his term, when he was deposed by the Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II. Since then there have been two factions, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, which rejects his deposition, and the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church, which accepts it. During his reign, Mor Ignatius Abded Mshiho II(who was the Patriarch before Mor Abded Aloho, who MOSC says was uncanonically deposed), established the Catholicate of the East in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oneinchrist.in/st-vattasseril-geevarghese-mar-dionysius-feb-23-i-malankara-sabha-bhasuran/|title=St. Vattasseril Geevarghese Mar Dionysius – Feb 23 I 'Malankara Sabha Bhasuran'|first=Jacob P.|last=Varghese|date=February 23, 2021}}</ref>

== List of Malankara Metropolitans of Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church (1934-1958) ==
Source:<ref name=":0" />
* [[Coorilos Paulose]](1911–1917) Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II, Patriarch of Antioch. Canonized by the Syriac Orthodox Church. He was elected Malankara Metropolitan by the Syrian Christian Association, that supported the Patriarch of Antioch after the deposition of Mor Dionysius VI Vattesseril.<ref>[https://syriacorthodoxresources.org/Personage/Malankara/MKoorilosPKochuparambil.html]</ref>
* [[Athanasius Paulose]] (1918–1953) Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Aphrem I, Patriarch of Antioch. Canonized by the Syriac Orthodox Church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oneinchrist.in/paulose-mar-athanasius-jan-26-1869-1953/|title=LL HG Paulose Mar Athanasius | Jan 26 (1869 - 1953)|first=Jacob P.|last=Varghese|date=January 26, 2021}}</ref>
* [[Clemis Abraham]](1957–1958) Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Aphrem I, Patriarch of Antioch. He relinquished his position to Mor Baselios Geevarghese II, after reunification in the Malankara Church. He was Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Syriac Knanaya Archdiocese|Knanaya Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church]], from his episcopal consecration in 1952 until he died in 2002. [[Ignatius Zakka I|Mor Ignatius Zakka I]], the Patriarch of Antioch gave him the title of "Great Metropolitan of the East", a historical title of the [[Maphrian|Maphrian of the East]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mor Clemis Abraham Vayala (1918 - 2002) |url=https://syriacorthodoxresources.org/Personage/Malankara/MClemisAVayala.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=syriacorthodoxresources.org}}</ref>

== List of Malankara Metropolitans of the Malankara Church (1934-1975) ==
Sources:<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul Ramban |first=Kadavil |title=The Orthodox Syrian Church |publisher=K.V. Pathrose |year=1973}}</ref>
* [[Geevarghese II]] (1934–1964) From 1934, the Malankara Metropolitan also held the office of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. In 1958, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church reunited during his tenure.
* [[Augen I]] (1964–1975), also Catholicos of the East. Consecrated by [[Ignatius Yaq'ub III|Mor Ignatius Yaqub III]], Patriarch of Antioch. The second schism in the Malankara Church occurred during his tenure, with his deposition by the Syriac Orthodox Synod in 1975 (the same year he died). The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church does not recognize his deposition, the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church does.

== List of Malankara Metropolitans of Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church (1975-present) ==
Sources:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaniyamparambil Corepiscopos |first=Kurien |title=The Syrian Orthodox Church in India and its Apostolic Faith |date=1989 |publisher=National Offset Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/malankara-metropolitias|title=Malankara Metropolitias Of Syriac Orthodox Church in India|date=March 18, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* [[Baselios Paulose II]] (1975–1996), also Catholicos of the East. Consecrated by [[Ignatius Yaq'ub III|Mor Ignatius Yaqub III]], Patriarch of Antioch.
* [[Geevarghese Gregorios of Perumpally|Gregorios Geevarghese]] (1996–1999) Appointed Metropolitan Trustee by the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association, recognized by [[Ignatius Zakka I|Mor Ignatius Zakka I]], Patriarch of Antioch.<ref>[https://syriacorthodoxresources.org/Personage/Malankara/CPaulos2.html]</ref>
* [[Philoxenos Yuhanon|Philoxenos Yuhannon]] (1999–2002) Appointed metropolitan trustee by the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association, recognized by [[Ignatius Zakka I|Mor Ignatius Zakka I]], Patriarch of Antioch. Relinquished his position after Mor Baselios Thomas I became Catholicos. Served as Bishop of Malabar from 1985 until his retirement in 2010. He died in 2015.
* [[Baselios Thomas I]] (2002–2019), also Catholicos of the East. Consecrated by Mor Ignatius Zakka I, Patriarch of Antioch. The position of Catholicos of the East of the Syriac Orthodox Church was legally renamed to Catholicos of India, and the Jacobite Syrian Christian Association was formed to manage the affairs of the church, following the Supreme Court Order. He retired from his position as Malankara Metropolitan in 2019, due to old age, but still serves as the Catholicos of India.
* [[Gregorios Joseph]] (2019–Present), Appointed Metropolitan Trustee by the Jacobite Syrian Christian Association in 2019 following the retirement of Mor Baselios Thomas I.<ref>{{Citation |last=Miller |first=James W. |title=Secret Ballot |date=2017-03-08 |work=Integrated |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169118.003.0018 |access-date=2024-08-27 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-6911-8}}</ref> Bestowed the title of Malankara Metropolitan by [[Ignatius Aphrem II|Mor Ignatius Aphrem II]], Patriarch of Antioch in 2024. Also serves as bishop of Kochi.<ref>{{Cite news |author=((The Hindu Bureau)) |date=2024-02-04 |title=Joseph Gregorios declared Malankara metropolitan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/joseph-gregorios-declared-malankara-metropolitan/article67811195.ece |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== List of Malankara metropolitans of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (1975-present) ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mosc.in/catholicate/catholicate/|title=The Catholicate of the Malankara orthodox Syrian Church | Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=mosc.in}}</ref>
*[[Mathews I]] (1975–1991), also Catholicos of the East
*[[Mathews II]] (1991–2005),[46] also Catholicos of the East. The Supreme Court of India recognized the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church line as the legal Malankara Metropolitanate in 2002 during his tenure.
*[[Didymos I]] (2005–2010), also Catholicos of the East
*[[Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II|Paulose II]] (2010–2021), also Catholicos of the East
*[[Mathews III]] (15th Oct 2021–Present), also Catholicos of the East

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of Christian religious leaders]]
[[Category:India religion-related lists|Malankara Metropolitans]]
[[Category:Catholicoi of the East and Malankara metropolitans]]

Jhalod Assembly constituency

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AntoineScaby: started a entry

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jhalod
| mla = [[Maheshbhai Somjibhai Bhuriya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dahod Lok Sabha constituency|Dahod]]
| established = 2007
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:271919}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 130
}}

'''Jhalod''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Dahod district|Dahod]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Jhalod Taluka (Part) Villages – Garadu, Dhavadiya, Bambela, Rajadiya, Kheda, Amba Jharan, Thunthi Kankasiya, Mahudi, Chhasiya, Ghensva, Maghanisar, Hadmat Khunta, Kharsana, Anvarpura, Sitavatli, Rajpur, Velpura, Kaliya Talav, Mun Khosla, Shankarpura, Fulpura, Timachi, Rampura, Raypura, Gamdi, Jafarpura, Chitrodiya, Devjini Sarasvani, Kalajini Sarsavani, Jetpur, Melaniya, Therka, Vagela, Ghodiya, Khakhariya, Nansalai, Bajarvada, Sarmariya, Varod, Sampoi, Tandi, Raniyar Kanbi, Paniya, Chakaliya, Pethapur, Mudaheda, Lilva Pokar, Raniyar Inami, Lilva Thakor, Nime Varod, Kuni, Simaliya, Kharvani, Vankol, Limdi, Lilva Deva, Malvasi, Piplod, Kankara Kuva, Kachaldhara, Chatka, Dhola Khakhara, Kotda, Sabli, Raliyati Bhura, Parthampur, Rupakheda, Karath, Nani Handi, Pareva, Pipaliya, Dungri, Thala (Limdi), Mundha, Golana, Suthar Vasa, Amba, Bilwani, Moti Handi, Dageriya, Vasti, Pavdi (Inami), Mirakhedi, Kaligam (Inami), Kaligam (Gujar), Dhara Dungar, Tadhagola, Dantiya, Raliati Gujjar, Gultora, Tatariya, Sharda, Chhayan, Jhalod (M).

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|2007 || Ditabhai Machchhar ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2012 || Miteshbhai Garasiya ||
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Bhaveshbhai Katara]]<ref name=election2017/> ||
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Mahesh Bhuriya|Mahesh Somjibhai Bhuriya]]||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Jhalod Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mahesh Bhuriya]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=82,745|percentage=51.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anilbhai Somabhai Garasiya<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly elections 2022: AAP releases list of 12 candidates. Read here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-aap-releases-list-of-12-candidates-read-here-11665913787737.html |access-date=16 October 2022 |work=mint |date=16 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=47,523|percentage=29.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Miteshbhai Kalabhai Garasiya|party=Indian National Congress|votes=21,996|percentage=13.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=4,646|percentage=2.89|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=35,222|percentage=21.88|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:265124}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022" />

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Jhalod<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Katara Bhaveshbhai Babubhai
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=29 December 2015 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Miteshbhai Garasiya|party=Indian National Congress|votes=78,077|percentage=58.95|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhavsinhbhai Vaghela|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=38,004|percentage=28.69|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=40,073|percentage=30.25|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=132,455|percentage=67.62|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Dahod district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|23.1|74.16|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dahod district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2007]]

NSM Public School, Vijayawada

2026-04-19T16:30:37Z

AntoineScaby: Creating Some Details Nd Citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| coordinates = {{Coord|16|29|29|N|80|39|34|E|region:IN_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| established = {{Start date and age|1973}}
| founder = [[Louis de Montfort|St. Montfort]]
| logo = NSM Public School logo.jpg
| motto = "Towards a Better World"
| city = Vijayawada
| state = Andhra Pradesh
| country = India
| district = [[NTR District]]
| principal = Rev. Bro. Rayappa Reddy
| gender = [[Coeducational]]
| campus_size = 6.8 acres
| houses = {{Hlist|Bose|Nehru|Patel|Tagore}}
| website = {{URL|https://nsmpublicschoolvijayawada.org}}
}}
'''NSM Public School''' also known as '''N. St. Mathew's Public School''' is a [[private school]] in [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nsm-public-school-celebrates-annual-day/article66370995.ece|title=NSM Public School celebrates annual day|first=P. Sujatha|last=Varma|date=January 12, 2023|website=The Hindu|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-nsm-public-school-organises-golden-run-809470|title=Vijayawada: NSM Public School organises golden run|first=|last=|date=July 17, 2023|website=The Hans India}}</ref> It is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]].

The school is maintained by the society of [[Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel]],<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.montforthydprovince.org/st-mathews-public-school-vijayawada/
| title = St.Mathew's Public School, Vijayawada
| last =
| first =
| date = 5 December 2023
| publisher = Montfort Brothers of St.Gabriel-Hyd Province
| access-date = 5 December 2023
}}</ref> founded by the 17th-century French priest and Catholic saint, [[Saint Louis de Montfort]].

== History ==
The foundation stone for the institution was set on March 16, 1975, by the Minister for Primary Education at that time, Sri [[Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao]]. The inaugural Class X participated in the [[All India Secondary School Examination|AISSE]] exams in 1979, and the school caters to students from [[Kindergarten|KG]] to the [[tenth grade]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=by |date=2019-07-04 |title=NSM Public School |url=https://www.indcareer.com/schools/school/nsm-public-school/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=IndCareer Schools |language=en-US}}</ref>

The school organised a [[Golden jubilee|Golden Jubilee]] run from [[Indira Gandhi Stadium (Vijayawada)|Indira Gandhi municipal stadium]] on 16 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=DC |date=17 July 2023 |title=NSM School's golden jubilee run on Vijayawada roads |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/170723/nsm-schools-golden-jubilee-run-on-vijayawada-roads.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717132801/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/170723/nsm-schools-golden-jubilee-run-on-vijayawada-roads.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2023-07-17 |title=Vijayawada: NSM Public School organises golden run |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-nsm-public-school-organises-golden-run-809470 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
*[[Prasad V. Potluri]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prasad V. Potluri |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/prasad_v._potluri-profile-12268-23.htm |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=veethi.com}}</ref>
*[[Ravi Teja]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Md Kowser |date=2022-08-05 |title=Ravi Teja Bio, Wiki, Age, Height, Education, Networth, Family and More |url=https://thetopcelebrity.com/biography/Ravi%20Teja |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=TheTopCelebrity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ishwi.singh |title=Ravi Teja's Biography {{!}} Birth {{!}} Education {{!}} Family {{!}} Marriage {{!}} Debut {{!}} Films {{!}} Awards {{!}} Facts |url=https://www.mynation.com/biography/ravi-teja-biography-iwh-s2o0ug |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Private schools in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Indpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:56Z

AntoineScaby: started a entry

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Indpur
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]
| constituency_no = 247
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2011
| electors =
| reservation = SC
}}
'''Indpur''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It was reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], Indpur Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2011-04-06 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2010 }}</ref>

==Election results==
===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], [[Indrajit Tangi]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the Indpur assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Gour Chandra Lohar of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Kiriti Bagdi of CPI defeated [[Madan Bauri (Minister)|Madan Bauri]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2001 and Bibekananda Layek of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996. [[Madan Bauri (Minister)|Madan Bauri]] of CPI defeated Shib Shankar Mondal of Congress in 1991, and Binode Behari Maji of Congress in 1987 and 1982. Binode Behari Maji of [[Janata Party]] defeated Radha Raman Moi of [[Biplabi Bangla Congress]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp247.htm |title = 247 - Indpur (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-04-03 }}</ref>

===1962-1972===
Gour Chandra Lohar of Congress won in 1972. Prayag Mandal of Biplabi Bangla Congress won in 1971. Gour Lohar of [[Bangla Congress]] won in 1969. B.B.Maji of Congress won in 1967. Ashutosh Mallick of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Prior to that the Indpur seat did not exist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections |access-date=2011-04-03 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bankura topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{Coord|23.1667|N|86.9333|E|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Bankura district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Bagalkot Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:15:34Z

AntoineScaby: Started details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bagalkot
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 24
| map_image = 24-Bagalkot constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = Vacant
| party =
| latest_election_year =
| preceded_by =
| district = [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]]
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:245532}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| reservation = None
}}
'''Bagalkot Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka]] Legislative Assembly, in India. It is also part of [[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency]].

Bagalkot Assembly constituency
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="3" | Muranal Basappa Tammanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 elections in India#Mysore|1962 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 16/04/1962}} || [[S. Nijalingappa]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | Muranal Basappa Tammanna
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Kalligudd Parappa Karabasappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | Mantur Goolappa Venkappa || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan="2" | Ajay Kumar Sambasadashiv Sarnaik || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1998 elections in India#Karnataka|1998 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 23/03/1998}} || Pujari Pralhad Hanamantappa || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Pujar Pralhad Hanamantappa
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | Veeranna Charantimath
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[H. Y. Meti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Veeranna Charantimath || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[H. Y. Meti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2026 elections in India#Karnataka|2026 By-election]] {{efn|Died on 04/11/2025}} || ||
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==

===Assembly By-election 2026===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 elections in India#State Legislative Assembly by-elections|2026 Bagalkot by-election]]: [[Bagalkot]]
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Umesh Meti|party=Indian National Congress|votes=0{{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Veerabhadrayya Charanthimath|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=0{{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=68.70|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing = 0
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Y. Meti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 79,336 |percentage = 46.57% |change = {{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Charantimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,458 |percentage = 43.12% |change = {{decrease}}9.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Charantimath. Mallikarjun. Chandrashekharayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,116 |percentage = 5.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devaraj H. Patil |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,470 |percentage = 2.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,236 |percentage = 0.73% |change = {{decrease}}0.45 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,878 |percentage = 3.45% |change = {{decrease}}6.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,548 |percentage = 69.46% |change = {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,370}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,532 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Charantimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 85,653 |percentage = 53.03% |change = {{increase}}6.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Y. Meti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,719 |percentage = 43.17% |change = {{decrease}}5.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Mallikarjuan Jigalur |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 996 |percentage = 0.62% |change = {{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,902 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,934 |percentage = 9.87% |change = {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 161,671 |percentage = 70.01% |change = {{increase}}0.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 161,511}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 230,918 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.66 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Y. Meti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 68,216 |percentage = 48.74% |change = {{increase}}15.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Charantimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,316 |percentage = 46.67% |change = {{increase}}4.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Manasing Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,941 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Sanganagouda Patil (jakkanagoudra |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,882 |percentage = 1.34% |change = {{decrease}}14.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Laxman Neelanayak |party = Welfare Party of India |votes = 1,559 |percentage = 1.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babusha Dastgeersab Rolli (r. D. Babua) |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,052 |percentage = 0.75% |change = {{decrease}}0.76 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,900 |percentage = 2.07% |change = {{decrease}}6.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 140,071 |percentage = 69.55% |change = {{increase}}7.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 139,966}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 201,390 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.65 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Charantimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 46,452 |percentage = 42.02% |change = {{increase}}8.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Y. Meti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,206 |percentage = 33.66% |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujar Pralhad Hanamantappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 17,389 |percentage = 15.73% |change = {{increase}}13.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tapashetti Prakash Ishwarappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,513 |percentage = 4.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abbaskhan Shanukhan Mujawar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,669 |percentage = 1.51% |change = {{decrease}}0.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khaji Kutubsab Bashasab |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,397 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Godi Siddappa Satyappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,133 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Girish Tammannarao Kulakarni |party = Independent politician |votes = 791 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,246 |percentage = 8.36% |change = {{increase}}3.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,613 |percentage = 62.42% |change = {{decrease}}1.76 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,550}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,202 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Charantimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 34,597 |percentage = 33.33% |change = {{decrease}}14.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Poojar Pralhad Hanumantappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,075 |percentage = 28.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ajay Kumar Sambasadashiv Sarnaik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,878 |percentage = 27.82% |change = {{decrease}}19.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Channabasappa Muchakandi |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,033 |percentage = 3.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Razak Imamsab Salikad |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,205 |percentage = 2.12% |change = {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Guled Chandrakant Sidramappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,773 |percentage = 1.71% |change = {{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tondihal Sanganagouda Annadanagouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 945 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahantesh Bhimappa Pujari |party = Independent politician |votes = 885 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Girish Tammannarao Kulakarni |party = Independent politician |votes = 806 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,522 |percentage = 5.32% |change = {{increase}}5.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 103,875 |percentage = 64.18% |change = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 103,809}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,837 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.55 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}14.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pujar Pralhad Hanamantappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 40,418 |percentage = 47.84% |change = {{increase}}23.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr Kanthi Rajshekhar Kidiyappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,280 |percentage = 47.68% |change = {{increase}}26.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Jalagar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,116 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shettar Sidramappa Mahantappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,667 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 138 |percentage = 0.16% |change = {{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,421 |percentage = 65.86% |change = {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,481}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,872 |percentage = 4.38% |change = {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 134,254 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.50 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}15.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ajay Kumar Sambasadashiv Sarnaik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 24,895 |percentage = 32.01% |change = {{increase}}0.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujar Pralhad Hanamantappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,019 |percentage = 24.45% |change = {{increase}}13.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivangoud Rudragoud |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,275 |percentage = 20.93% |change = {{increase}}4.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanthi Rajashekhar Kidiyappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,000 |percentage = 11.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nayak Bairam Poorappa |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 4,265 |percentage = 5.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kuri Basavaraj Rudrappa |party = Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha |votes = 2,851 |percentage = 3.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,876 |percentage = 7.56% |change = {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,666 |percentage = 66.76% |change = {{decrease}}1.20 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,773}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,869 |percentage = 2.35% |change = {{decrease}}5.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,336 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}0.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ajay Kumar Sambasadashiv Sarnaik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 22,551 |percentage = 31.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanthi Rajashekhar Kidiyappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,088 |percentage = 23.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Hanamantagouda Bhimanagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,148 |percentage = 16.77% |change = {{decrease}}24.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujar Pralhad Hanamantappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,034 |percentage = 11.09% |change = {{decrease}}6.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tarafdar Gaibusab Mohammadgous |party = All-India Muslim League |votes = 7,706 |percentage = 10.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yankanchi Mahantesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,668 |percentage = 2.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Magaji Shanmukhsa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,205 |percentage = 1.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mulla Nabisab Akabarasab |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,157 |percentage = 1.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,463 |percentage = 7.54% |change = {{increase}}7.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,206 |percentage = 67.96% |change = {{increase}}2.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,428}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,778 |percentage = 7.39% |change = {{increase}}5.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,075 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.29 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mantur Goolappa Venkappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 24,557 |percentage = 41.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanthi Rajashekhar Kidiyappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,373 |percentage = 40.96% |change = {{increase}}11.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gachinamath Chandrashekhar Gurapadayya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 10,579 |percentage = 17.78% |change = {{decrease}}10.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 184 |percentage = 0.31% |change = {{decrease}}12.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,732 |percentage = 65.59% |change = {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,509}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,223 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}1.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,589 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.12 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}1.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mantur Goolappa Venkappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,213 |percentage = 42.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalligudd Parappa Karabasappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,364 |percentage = 29.16% |change = {{increase}}25.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hundekar Totappa Malleshappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 16,770 |percentage = 28.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,849 |percentage = 13.18% |change = {{increase}}4.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,452 |percentage = 70.44% |change = {{increase}}0.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,548}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,904 |percentage = 3.10% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,246 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}1.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kalligudd Parappa Karabasappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,851 |percentage = 44.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Ganapatarao |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,126 |percentage = 34.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tapashetti Chandrasekhar Virupazappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,564 |percentage = 14.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,085 |percentage = 4.02% |change = {{decrease}}43.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Laxman Hemalappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 649 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Ashok Raghavendrarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 645 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,725 |percentage = 9.10% |change = {{increase}}8.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,627 |percentage = 69.66% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,920}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,707 |percentage = 3.18% |change = {{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,981 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.81 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,900 |percentage = 47.77% |change = {{decrease}}10.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. P. Mallanagouda |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 23,688 |percentage = 47.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. B. Virupaxappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,434 |percentage = 2.87% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. A. Dyanamagouda |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 663 |percentage = 1.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. K. Upadhyaya |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 348 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 212 |percentage = 0.42% |change = {{decrease}}23.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,432 |percentage = 68.69% |change = {{increase}}10.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,033}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,880 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.79 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,903 |percentage = 58.06% |change = {{decrease}}20.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. T. Karabasappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,537 |percentage = 33.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. Hanamantachrya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,013 |percentage = 2.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. G. Dattatraya |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 847 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. A. Dyanamagouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 556 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. A. Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 426 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,366 |percentage = 24.40% |change = {{decrease}}32.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,362 |percentage = 58.27% |change = {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,282}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,117 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}20.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,212 |percentage = 78.28% |change = {{increase}}8.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganapat Dattatray Kamble |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 6,439 |percentage = 21.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,773 |percentage = 56.57% |change = {{increase}}17.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,123 |percentage = 54.18% |change = {{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,651}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,441 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,177 |percentage = 69.64% |change = {{decrease}}8.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Saranaik Sharaschandra Alias Babasaheb Shivashiddappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,233 |percentage = 30.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,944 |percentage = 39.28% |change = {{decrease}}17.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,410 |percentage = 59.60% |change = {{decrease}}4.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,410}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,024 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bagalkot <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muranal Basappa Tammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,927 |percentage = 78.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Gurasiddappa Kadappa |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 6,819 |percentage = 21.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,108 |percentage = 57.04% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,746 |percentage = 64.57% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,746}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,168 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bagalkot district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coord|16.17|75.65|display=title}}

Dancee Plus

2026-04-05T03:08:27Z

AntoineScaby: Started a pg v1

{{short description|Indian reality TV show}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| list_episodes =
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|05|23|df=yes}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|12|27|df=yes}}
| channel =
| network = [[Star Maa]]
| company = {{Plainlist|
* OAK Entertainments
}}
| runtime = {{Plainlist|
* 90 minutes.
}}
| director =
| producer = [[Ohmkar]] Ashwin Babu Kalyan
| num_episodes = 43
| image = Dancee Plus Telugu.jpg
| num_seasons = 1
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| judges =
| presenter = [[Ohmkar]]
| creator =
| genre = Reality dance
| alt_name = Dancee +
| caption =
| image_alt =
| released =
| location = [[Hyderabad]], India
| camera = Multi-camera
| developer = [[Ohmkar]]
}}

'''''Dancee Plus''''' (or colloquially '''''Dancee +''''') is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[dance competition]] reality television series, which premiered on 27 December 2020 and broadcast on [[Star Maa]]. The series is produced by OAK Entertainments house. The auditions for the show were carried throughout in India, between 1 November 2020 and 30 November 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=First teaser of Ohmkar's new show Dancee+ is out; here's how Twitterati reacted - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/first-teaser-of-ohmkars-new-show-dancee-is-out-heres-how-twitterati-reacted/articleshow/78750634.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

This series is hosted and presented by [[Ohmkar]] with Anee, [[Baba Bhaskar]], [[Monal Gajjar]], [[Mumaith Khan]], Vishwa Raghu and Yashwanth are the mentors of the show.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohmkar-hosted Dancee+ to premiere on December 27 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ohmkar-hosted-dancee-to-premiere-on-december-27/articleshow/79926405.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Raghu Master to join Ohmkar's Dancee+ - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/raghu-master-to-join-ohmkars-dancee/articleshow/80083941.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Sanket Sahadev is the winner of the show and was awarded with ₹20 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telugu|first=TV9|date=2021-05-23|title=Dance Plus Title Winner : ముగిసిన స్టార్ మా డ్యాన్స్ ప్లస్ షో.. టైటిల్ విన్నర్ ఎవరో తెలుసా..? - star maa dance plus telugu grand finale title winner sanketh sahdev|url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/television/star-maa-dance-plus-telugu-grand-finale-title-winner-sanketh-sahdev-473129.html|access-date=2021-05-24|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dancee Plus Telugu winner out! Sanket Sahadev walks away with the trophy - see photos inside|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/dancee-plus-telugu-winner-out-sanket-sahadev-walks-away-with-the-trophy-see-photos-inside/760847|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.zoomtventertainment.com|language=en}}</ref> Grand finale of the first season was aired on 23 May 2021.

== Concept ==
Dancee Plus Telugu judges selected 12 contestants/groups from the audition rounds. Later this contestants/groups are divided in between all the 6 judges. So, each judge has 2 contestants/groups under his/her mentorship. The series features dance performers, including solo acts, Duo and larger groups representing any style of dance, competing for a grand prize. Contestants dance to a different tune, different theme and different styles every week and scores are given by the judges. If for a judge both teams have been eliminated, then that respective judge also eliminates. A wildcard as 13th contestant entered.

== Series overview ==
{{Series overview
|auxA=Host
|infoA = Contestants
|infoB = Winning Judge
|infoC = Winner
|infoD = Runner-up
|color1 = #0000A0
|link1 = Dancee Plus#Season 1
|auxA1 = [[Ohmkar]]
|infoA1 = 13
|infoB1 = Yashwanth
|infoC1 = Sanket Sahadev
|infoD1 = Tejaswini and Maheswari
|network1 = [[Star Maa]]
|episodes1 = 43
|start1 = {{Start date|2020|12|27|df=yes}}
|end1 = {{End date|2021|05|23|df=yes}}
}}

== Season 1 ==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 1
| bg_colour = #0000A0
| num_episodes = 43
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|12|27|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|05|23|df=yes}}
| network = [[Star Maa]]
| next_season = Season 2
| module =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Ohmkar]]
| judges = Anne Master [[Monal Gajjar]] [[Baba Bhaskar]] Yashwanth [[Mumaith Khan]] Raghu Master
| winner = Sanket Sahadev
| runner_up = Tejaswini and Maheswari
}}
}}

=== Score Chart ===
*Each judge would give either green or red plus to contestant based on their performance but judges should not give pluses to their respective teams.
*Scores are out of 5+ in episode 1–25 and 30–41
*Scores are out of 4+ in episode 26–29
*Contestants who have received 5+, they will get a chance to win ''God of Dance Trophy'' and it indicates that the contestant will be saved in elimination round.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:55%;"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Contestants
!Episodes
!2 - 3
!4 - 5
!6 - 7
!8 - 9
!10 - 11
!12 - 13
!14 - 15
!16 - 17
!18 - 19
!20 - 21
!22 - 23
!24 - 25
!26 - 27
!28 - 29
!30 - 31
!32 - 33
!34 - 35
!36 - 37
!38 - 39
!40 - 41
!42
!43
|-
!Theme
!Introduction Round
!Dance with Properties
!Dance with Judges
!1st Elimination round
!Dance with Celebrity
!2nd Elimination round
!Love Theme
!3rd Elimination round
!Concept Theme
!4th Elimination round
!Judges Challenge
!5th Elimination round
!Recreation Theme
!6th Elimination round
!Old Mix
!7th Elimination round
!Fast Beat
!8th Elimination round
!Biopic Theme
!9th Elimination round
!Pre - Finale
!Grand Finale
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
| style="background:#8755c3" |
!Sanket Sahadev
!solo
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|5+
|5+
|5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|3+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|2+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |4+
|5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|2+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|5+
|No score
|style="background:#73FB76;"|'''Winner'''
|-
| style="background:LightSeaGreen" |
!Tejaswini and Maheswari
!Duo
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|5+
|5+
|5+
|2+
|5+
|4+
|2+
|4+
|5+
|3+
|4+
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|1+
|1+
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |Eliminated
|No Score
| style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |'''Runner up'''
|-
| style="background:#8766c4" |
!Vasi Tony
!Group
|3+
|3+
|5+
|5+
|4+
|5+
|4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|4+
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|2+
|4+
|1+
|3+
|No score
| style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |'''2nd Runner up'''
|-
| style="background:Tan" |
!Jiya Thakur
!Solo
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|2+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|5+
|4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|4+
|4+
|4+
|3+
|4+
|4+
|5+
|2+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|No score
| style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center;" |'''3rd Runner up'''
|-
| style="background:LightSeaGreen" |
!Darjeeling Devils
!Group
|2+
|1+
|5+
|4+
|5+
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|4+
|4+
|4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |4+
|4+
|3+
|3+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|No score
|style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |'''4th Runner up'''
|-
| style="background:Tan" |
!Team Velocity
!Group
|4+
|1+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|2+
|5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|4+
|4+
|5+
|5+
|4+
|4+
|5+
|3+
|4+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|3+
|colspan="2" style="background:#fcf" |''Walked Out'' (Episode 42)
|-
| style="background:#87ceeb" |
!Niveditha
!Solo
|4+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|3+
|5+
|5+
|3+
|3+
|3+
|5+
|5+
|3+
|4+
|3+
|4+
|4+
|2+
| style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|4+
|colspan="2" style="background:#fcf" |''Walked Out'' (Episode 42)
|-
| style="background:#faafbe" |
!Priya Burman
!Solo
| colspan="14" style="background:#c0c0c0;" |''Not in Competition'' (Entered as wildcard entry in episode 30)
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|3+
|5+
|2+
|5+
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 41)
|-
| style="background:#f60" |
!MMK
!Trio
|4+
|0+
|5+
|0+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|4+
|5+
|2+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|4+
|2+
|0+
|5+
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 33)
|-
| style="background:#faafbe" |
!Ram Lakshman
!Duo
|4+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|3+
|4+
|5+
|4+
|4+
|3+
|4+
|4+
|4+
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 25)
|-
| style="background:#87ceeb" |
!Anchy Mumbai
!Group
|3+
|2+
|5+
|5+
|5+
|2+
|3+
|4+
|2+
|1+
| colspan="12" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 21)
|-
| style="background:#faafbe" |
!8 Countz
!Group
|5+
|0+
|5+
|style="background:#ffee91;" |5+
|5+
|3+
| colspan="16" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 13)
|-
| style="background:#f60" |
!Lungi Mamas
!Group
|2+
|4+
|5+
|2+
| colspan="18" style="background:#FA8072" |''Eliminated'' (Episode 9)
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |God of Dance Trophy
! rowspan="2" |Group A
| rowspan="2" style="background:#8755c3" |Sanketh
Sahadev
|style="background:#87ceeb" |Niveditha
| rowspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Team
Velocity
| rowspan="2" style="background:#87ceeb" |Niveditha
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f60" |MMK
| rowspan="2" style="background:#8755c3" |Sanketh
Sahadev
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Darjeeling Devils
| rowspan="2" style="background:#8755c3" |Sanketh
Sahadev
|style="background:#8755c3" |Sanketh
Sahadev
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f60" |MMK
| rowspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Team Velocity
| rowspan="2" style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Darjeeling Devils
| rowspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Team Velocity
| rowspan="2" style="background:#faafbe" |Priya Burman
| rowspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Team Velocity
| rowspan="2" style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Darjeeling Devils
| rowspan="2" style="background:#8755c3" |Sanket Shahdev
| rowspan="2" style="background:#87ceeb" |Niveditha
| rowspan="2" style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Darjeeling Devils
| rowspan="2" style="background:#8766c4" |Vasitony crew
| rowspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Team Velocity
|-
|style="background:#faafbe" |Ram Lakshman
|style="background:#f60" |MMK
|-
!Group B
|style="background:Tan" |Jiya Thakur
|style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Tejeswini & Maheshwari
|style="background:Tan" |Jiya Thakur
|style="background:#faafbe" |8 Countz
| colspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Jiya Thakur
|style="background:Tan" |Team
Velocity
|style="background:#8766c4" |Vasitony Crew
|{{n/a|''None''}}
| colspan="2" style="background:Tan" |Jiya Thakur
| colspan="4" style="background:#8766c4" |Vasitony Crew
|style="background:LightSeaGreen" |Tejeswini & Maheshwari
|{{n/a|''None''}}
|style="background:#8755c3" |Sanketh Sahadev
|{{n/a|''None''}}
|style="background:Tan" |Jiya Thakur
|Colspan= 3 {{n/a|''None''}}
|}
{{Color box|Tan|border=silver}} Team Anee {{Color box|#87ceeb|border=silver}} Team Baba Bhaskar {{Color box|#faafbe|border=silver}} Team Mumaith {{Color box|LightSeaGreen|border=silver}} Team Raghu {{Color box|#f60|border=silver}} Team Monal {{Color box|#8755c3|border=silver}} Team Yashwanth {{Color box|#ffee91|border=silver}} indicates the contestant won God of Dance Trophy {{Color box|#FA8072|border=silver|3=Green}} indicates the contestant Eliminated

=== Eliminations ===
*'''1st Elimination :''' Lungi Mamas
*'''2nd Elimination :''' 8 Countz
*'''3rd Elimination :''' Anchy Mumbai
*'''4th Elimination:''' Ram Lakshman (after the elimination of Ram Lakshman, Judge Mumaith Khan was also eliminated because both of her teams were eliminated). (Again on the entrance of Priya Burman as a wild card, Judge Mumaith Khan re-entered Dancee+ show on 10-04-2021).
*'''5th Elimination:''' Team velocity(Again as Wild card team Velocity returned and Monal Gajjar adopted them)
*'''6th Elimination :''' MMK
*'''7th Elimination:''' Tejaswini and Maheswari (Reenters again with a wild card in Pre Finale)
*'''8th Elimination:''' Priya Burman (after the elimination of Priya Burman, Judge Mumaith Khan has also been eliminated because both of her teams and the wild card entrant has been eliminated)
*''' 9th Elimination :''' Niveditha (Hand Fracture) and she replaced by Maheshwari and Tejeshwini in the pre-finale and were sorted into Baba Bhaskar's team
*'''10th Elimination:''' Team Velocity (Couldn't practice due to Covid Precaution Norms)
*'''4th Runner up:''' Darjeeling Devils (Raghu Master team )
*'''3rd Runner Up:''' Jiya Thakur (Anee master member)
*''' 2nd Runner Up:''' Vasitony crew (Yashwanth Master team)
*'''Runner Up :''' Tejaswini and Maheswari (as they are in second position, the judge Baba Bhaskar is runner up judge)
*'''Winner :''' Sanket Sahadev (as Sahadev is in first place, the judge Yashwanth Master is the winner Judge)

== Reception ==
The grand premiere has gained 9.0 TRP.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/dancee-/1260050431 ''Dancee Plus''] on [[Hotstar]]
{{Films directed by Ohmkar}}

[[Category:Star Maa original programming]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:Indian dance competition television shows]]

Aswini Kumar Patra

2026-04-04T03:32:11Z

AntoineScaby: put up some biography basic info.

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Aswini Kumar Patra
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Aswini Kumar Patra.jpg
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| pronunciation =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|07|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Balasore district]], Odisha, India
| death_date =
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| party = {{unbulleted list|[[Janata Dal]]|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|[[Biju Janata Dal]]}}
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| occupation = Politician
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{{Infobox officeholder 
| embed = yes
| honorific_prefix =
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| constituency_AM = [[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]] 
| assembly = Odisha
| majority =
| term_start = 3 March 1990
| term_end = 15 March 1995
| predecessor = Judhisthira Jena (Congress)
| successor = [[Jayanarayan Mohanty]] (Congress)
| term_start1 = 5 March 2000
| term_end1 = 19 May 2009
| predecessor1 = Jayanarayana Mohanty (Congress)
| successor1 = Debi Prasanna Chand (Congress)
| term_start2 = 25 May 2014
| term_end2 = Continuing
| predecessor2 = Debi Prasanna Chand (Congress)
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}}
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'''Aswini Kumar Patra''' ({{langx|or|ଅଶ୍ୱିନୀ କୁମାର ପାତ୍ର}}; 9 July 1950) is an Indian politician who is active in Odisha politics. Representing the [[Janata Dal]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Biju Janata Dal]], he has served four terms as an MLA in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected to the 10th, 13th and 15th [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar constituency]] in 1990, 2004 and 2014 elections respectively.<ref name="Aswini Kumar Patra">{{cite web|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=550 |title=Shri Aswini Kumar Patra |website=odishaassembly.nic.in|publisher=Odisha Assembly|accessdate=14 June 2019}}</ref>

==Biography==
Aswini Kumar Patra was born on 9 July 1950 in [[Balasore district]], the son of Satchindra Nath Patra.<ref name="Aswini Kumar Patra"/> He has a bachelor of arts degree, studied law and worked as a lawyer. He is married to Shuklata Mohanty with whom he has three daughters.<ref name="Aswini Kumar Patra"/>

==Political career==
In the [[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]], Patra contested from the Jaleshwar constituency as a candidate of [[Janata Dal]]. He won this election and was elected to the 10th Odisha Legislative Assembly.<ref name="ora2011">{{cite web|work=ODISHA REFERENCE ANNUAL - 2011.|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf|title=LIST OF MEMBERS OF ODISHA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1951–2004)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref> Later, in the [[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]] and [[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]], he contested as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from the Jaleswar constituency. He won this election and was elected to the 12th and 13th Odisha Legislative Assemblies.<ref name="ora2011" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Jaleswar Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/jaleswar.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> In the [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]], Patra again contested from the Jaleshwar constituency as a [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate. He won this election and was elected to the 15th Odisha Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patra retained his seat in the [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 election]].<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |accessdate=8 November 2022 |date=24 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Putra, Aswini Kumar}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Balasore district]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]

Abhay Singh (politician)

2026-04-01T02:56:36Z

AntoineScaby: put up new biography with sources.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abhay Singh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]]
| term_start1 = March 2022
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Indra Pratap Tiwari]]
| constituency2 = [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]]
| term_start2 = May 2012
| term_end2 = March 2017
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[Indra Pratap Tiwari]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|05|24|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| birth_name =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Sarita Singh|30 November 2001}}
| children = 3
| father =
| relatives =
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| other_party = [[Samajwadi Party]] (till 2025)
| occupation =
| profession = Agriculture
| alma_mater = [[Lucknow University]], 1994
| relations =
}}
'''Abhay Singh''' (born 24 May 1974) is an Indian politician and a member of [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] representing [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]].<ref name="MyNeta"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Goshainganj Uttar Pradesh Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: SP Candidate ABHAY SINGH wins from Goshainganj, Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/goshainganj-election-2022-results-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-tally-who-will-win-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2022-latest-news-1518420 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=ABP |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is an independent politician and had represented Goshainganj in the [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="MyNeta"/><ref name="Jagran"/> Singh was expelled from Samajwadi Party in June 2025 for working against party principles and supporting the BJP in the February 2024 Rajya Sabha elections.<ref name="Wire_Jun2025"/>

==Personal life==
Singh was born to Bhagwan Bux Singh in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]] on 24 May 1974. He completed his graduation from [[Lucknow University]] in 1994. He married Sarita Singh on 30 November 2001, with whom he has two daughters and a son. Hailing from [[Ayodhya]] city, Singh is an agriculturalist by profession.<ref name="MyNeta">{{cite web |title=Abhay Singh(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- Goshainganj (Ayodhya) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=3258 |website=myneta.info |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=श्री अभय सिंह |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18276/18 |website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |language=hi |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (UPLA): Member info |url=https://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=13401 |website=Government of Uttar Pradesh |access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==Political career==
Active in the politics of [[Goshainganj]], Singh as a [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate defeated [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]'s [[Indra Pratap Tiwari]] in the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], but lost to the latter in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]], who had joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] prior to the election.<ref name="Jagran">{{cite news |title=गोसाईंगंज में सपा को जनादेश, दूसरी बार अभय सिंह विजयी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/faizabad-abhay-singh-wins-gosaiganj-22534071.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=10 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="BHaskar">{{cite news |title=BJP में शामिल इस हिस्ट्रीशीटर को कहा जाता है फैजाबाद का दबंग, जानें कितने दर्ज हैं केस |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-LUCK-bsp-leader-indrapratap-tiwari-alias-khabbu-tiwari-join-bjp-news-hindi-5490600-PHO.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=12 March 2022}}</ref>

In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Singh again representing Samajwadi Party from [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]], defeated Bharatiya Janata Party's Aarti Tiwari, wife of incarcerated incumbent [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] Indra Pratap Tiwari, by a margin of 13,079 votes.<ref name="Jagran"/><ref name="ECI">{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh-Goshainganj |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24276.htm?ac=276 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Santosh |title=Samajwadi Party candidate Abhay Singh's convoy attacked in UP's Goshainganj |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-polls-2022/story/samajwadi-party-candidate-abhay-singh-convoy-attacked-up-gosaiganj-ayodhya-1914999-2022-02-18 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=India Today |date=18 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 June 2025, Singh was expelled from Samajwadi Party, along with two other members, for working against party principles and voting in favour of the rival BJP in the February 2024 [[Rajya Sabha]] elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Samajwadi Party Expels 3 MLAs Who Cross-Voted For 'Anti-People Activities' |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/samajwadi-party-expels-mlas-who-cross-voted-in-rajya-sabha-polls-enn25062301646 |work=ETV Bharat News |date=23 June 2025 |access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref> The party, however, did not cancel their assembly memberships, rendering them as "unaffiliated MLAs".<ref name="Wire_Jun2025">{{cite news |last1=Rizvi |first1=Asad |date=23 June 2025 |title=Expulsions From Samajwadi Party Seen as Signal Against Betrayal, Especially Along Hindutva Lines |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/samajwadi-three-mlas-expelled-consolidation-signal-betrayal |work=The Wire |access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Abhay}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya]]
[[Category:People from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

2022 Morbi bridge collapse

2026-03-28T20:21:30Z

AntoineScaby: add structure per sources and added references

{{Short description|Bridge collapse in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox event
|title = 2022 Morbi bridge collapse
|image = Hanging Bridge from Opposite Side Morbi - panoramio.jpg
|type = [[List of bridge failures|Bridge failure]]
|caption = {{center| The bridge photographed in 2008}}
|date = {{start date|2022|10|30|df=yes}}
|time = 18:40
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], [[UTC+5:30]]
|location = [[Morbi]], [[Gujarat]], India
|coordinates = {{Coord|22|49|06|N|70|50|34|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|reported deaths = 141<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=Morbi bridge collapse tragedy: 141 deaths reported so far |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-death-toll-in-morbi-bridge-collapse-tragedy-exceeds-130/article66076100.ece |access-date=24 November 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=31 October 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|reported injuries = 180+
|missing =
|map = {{Location map|India Gujarat#India|relief=1|lat_deg=22.818333|lon_deg=70.842778|caption=}}
}}

On 30 October 2022, a pedestrian [[suspension bridge]] over the [[Machchhu River]] in the city of [[Morbi]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]], collapsed, causing the deaths of at least 141 people and injuries to more than 180 others.

The 19th-century bridge had reopened five days earlier, in time for [[Diwali]] and the [[New Year#Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere|Gujarati New Year]], following a lengthy closure for repairs.

==Background==
''Jhulto Pul''<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-11-01 |title=Morbi bridge collapse {{!}} Generations wiped out in disaster |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/morbi-bridge-collapse-generations-wiped-out-in-disaster/article66083435.ece |access-date=2022-11-04 |issn=}}</ref> ({{langx|gu|ઝૂલતો પુલ}}; "hanging bridge") was a {{Convert|230|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}}, {{Convert|1.25|m|ft|adj=mid|-wide}} pedestrian suspension bridge, {{Convert|15|m|ft}}<ref name=pandey/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=History of 143-year-old Morbi bridge |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/history-of-143-year-old-morbi-bridge-that-had-just-been-reopened-after-renovation-before-it-came-crashing-down-15050851.htm |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=cnbctv18.com}}</ref> over the [[Machchhu River]],<ref name="bbc141">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-63445154 |title=India bridge collapse: Death toll rises to 141, many still missing |last1=Thomas |first1=Merlyn |last2=Peter |first2=Laurence |date=2022-10-31 |publisher=BBC |access-date=2022-10-31}}</ref> connecting the districts of Mahaprabhuji and Samakantha.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Anurag |title=All You Need To Know About Gujarat |url=https://www.india.com/gujarat/morbi-gujarat-macchhu-updates-all-you-need-to-know-about-gujarats-heritage-bridge-which-collapsed-killing-over-30-5714182/ |website=www.india.com |access-date=1 November 2022 |date=2022-10-30}}</ref> It was built during [[British Raj|British rule in India]] in the 19th century.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |last=Khanna |first=Sumit |date=2022-10-30 |title=At least 40 killed in India bridge collapse, state minister says |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/suspension-bridge-collapses-india-hundreds-fall-river-officials-2022-10-30/ |access-date=2022-10-30}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia_30102022" /> Dates for its construction vary, but according to locals, it was built in the 1880s by [[Waghji II Rawaji|Waghji Thakore]], the local [[maharaja]].<ref name="bbc63477292" /> It connected Darbargadh Palace with [[Nazarbag Palace]] (now Lukhdhirji Engineering College), the residences of the erstwhile royal family of [[Morvi State|Morbi State]].<ref name=":1" />

At that time, there was a limit of fifteen people on the bridge at once, as the narrow structure meant it swayed with any greater weight.<ref name="Independent-Sharma">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shweta |date=2022-11-01 |title=How India's bridge collapse tragedy that killed 135 unfolded |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-bridge-collapse-gujarat-morbi-timeline-b2215015.html |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="IndianExpress125">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Gujarat: Suspension bridge collapses in Morbi, more than 125 dead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-morbi-suspension-bridge-collapse-8239336/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In recent times the bridge was owned and operated as a [[toll bridge]] by the Morbi municipality, which signed a contract with the Morbi-based private trust [[Oreva]]{{snd}}a company known for making clocks<ref name=pandey/><ref>{{cite news| last=Kateshiya | first=Gopal | title=Oreva Group traces its origin to India's leading clock brand | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 November 2022 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/oreva-group-traces-its-origin-to-indias-leading-clock-brand-8241596/}}</ref>{{snd}}for maintenance and operations on 7 March 2022.<ref name="IndianExpress1252">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Gujarat: Suspension bridge collapses in Morbi, more than 125 dead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-morbi-suspension-bridge-collapse-8239336/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 October 2022 |title=5 Facts About Old Bridge In Gujarat That Collapsed |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-facts-about-old-bridge-in-gujarat-that-collapsed-today-3474913}}</ref><ref name="Independent-Sharma"/> The 15-year contract was with Oreva's flagship company, Ajanta Manufacturing Private Limited, which had been involved with the bridge since 2008.<ref name="Independent-Sharma"/> The agreement covered the maintenance and management of the bridge.<ref name="Independent-Sharma"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Pedestrian bridge collapses in India, killing at least 132 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-bridge-collapse-rcna54759 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=NBC News}}</ref> The toll bridge reopened on 26 October 2022 on the occasion of the Gujarati New Year, after being closed for repairs for six months.<ref name="Reuters2">{{Cite news |last=Khanna |first=Sumit |date=2022-10-30 |title=At least 40 killed in India bridge collapse, state minister says |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/suspension-bridge-collapses-india-hundreds-fall-river-officials-2022-10-30/ |access-date=2022-10-30}}</ref> After the refurbishment, it had an updated capacity of 125 people (up from the 15 it was before). At the re-opening ceremony, Oreva's managing director told the reporters that the people could enjoy a "care-free adventure" and the bridge would not need any major work for another eight to ten years.<ref name="Independent-Sharma"/>

==Collapse==
On 30 October 2022, five days after reopening,<ref name="bbc63477292">{{cite news |title=Morbi bridge collapse: How a tourist spot became a bridge of death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63477292 |access-date=2 November 2022 |work=BBC News |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2022 |title=Hundreds plunge into the river after India bridge collapses |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-63445154}}</ref> the bridge collapsed at 6:40{{nbs}}p.m. More than 500 people were on the bridge at the time of the collapse, far exceeding the official capacity of 125.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankit |first=Tyagi |date=31 October 2022 |editor-last=Ghosh |editor-first=Deepshikha |title=Exclusive: Gujarat Bridge Reopened Ahead Of Schedule. 135 Dead |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exclusive-gujarat-bridge-reopened-in-7-months-in-clear-contract-violation-3475840 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031103542/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exclusive-gujarat-bridge-reopened-in-7-months-in-clear-contract-violation-3475840 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=NDTV}}</ref> Security footage of the bridge showed the structure shaking violently and people holding onto cables and fencing on either side of the bridge before the walkway gave way.<ref name="NBC31-10">{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Pedestrian bridge collapses in India, killing at least 132 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-bridge-collapse-rcna54759 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=NBC News}}</ref> Images of rescue and recovery operations showed the walkway had divided at its midpoint, with some pieces still hanging from snapped cables.<ref name="NBC31-10"/>

A survivor said that so many people on the bridge could barely move and that pieces of the bridge crushed some victims.<ref name="NBC31-10" /> [[Mohan Kundariya]], a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] who lost 12 family members including his sister in the incident,<ref name="bbc141" /> said he believed the cause was overloading.<ref name="timesofindia_30102022">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Recently renovated cable bridge collapses in Gujarat, several injured: Top developments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/recently-renovated-cable-bridge-collapses-in-gujarat-several-injured-top-developments/articleshow/95184906.cms |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A spokesperson for Oreva said that it appeared too many people were in the middle section of the bridge "trying to sway it".<ref name="IndianExpress125" /><ref>{{cite news |date=31 October 2022 |title="Some People Shook Bridge Intentionally": Gujarat Family's Narrow Escape |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/some-people-shook-bridge-intentionally-visitor-recounts-gujarat-horror-3475223}}</ref>

The teams of State Disaster Response Force of Gujarat along with [[National Disaster Response Force]] started rescue operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Tanushree |date=31 October 2022 |editor-last=Gauntam |editor-first=Aditi |title=141 Dead, Gujarat Bridge Was Disaster Waiting To Happen: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/death-count-in-gujarat-bridge-collapse-climbs-to-130-177-rescued-so-far-3475418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031103615/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/death-count-in-gujarat-bridge-collapse-climbs-to-130-177-rescued-so-far-3475418 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=NDTV}}</ref> Later they were joined by [[Indian Army|Army]], [[Indian Navy|Navy]], and [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]] staff.<ref name="Hindustan Times2">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Morbi bridge collapse updates: Army, Air Force, and Navy join NDRF for rescue ops |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gujarat-morbi-bridge-collapse-live-updates-40-dead-toll-expected-to-rise-say-police-president-pm-announce-aid-101667141878888.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Police, military, and disaster response teams were deployed for rescue operations.<ref name="BBC1322">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-30 |title=India bridge collapse: Death toll rises to 132, many still missing |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63445154 |access-date=2022-10-31}}</ref>

==Victims==
At least 141 people were confirmed dead<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=Morbi bridge collapse tragedy: 141 deaths reported so far |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-death-toll-in-morbi-bridge-collapse-tragedy-exceeds-130/article66076100.ece |access-date=24 November 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=31 October 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and more than 180 were rescued.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Gujarat Morbi bridge collapse, accident news today: Death toll rises to 135; rescue operation underway |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-gujarat-morbi-bridge-collapse-accident-news-today-death-toll-rises-to-135-rescue-operation-underway-205359 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Zee Business}}</ref> A large number of the victims were women, the elderly,<ref name="NBC31-10" /> and children (39 boys and 16 girls) with the youngest fatality being an 18-month-old baby.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-05 |title=55 children among 135 killed in Morbi bridge collapse: Official data |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/55-children-among-135-killed-in-morbi-bridge-collapse-official-data-8250472/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Morbi Bridge Collapse {{!}} Cold comfort as cheques are handed out: 'What do I do with money?' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/morbi-bridge-collapse-cold-comfort-as-cheques-are-handed-out-what-do-i-do-with-money-8243693/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

The [[Government of Gujarat]] announced an ''[[ex gratia]]'' payment of {{INRConvert|4|l|lk=l}} to the [[next of kin]] of each person who died, and {{INRConvert|50000}} to the injured.<ref name="Hindustan Times2" /><ref name="cnbc1402">{{Cite news|date=2022-10-31|title=Morbi bridge collapse: Toll rises to over 140, probe on |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/gujarat-morbi-bridge-collapse-latest-news-deaths-toll-fir-filed-probe-on-15049231.htm |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=cnbctv18.com}}</ref><ref name="D_60">{{Cite news |title=Live updates - Gujarat Cable Bridge Collapse: PM Modi chairs high-level meeting [title changes as timeline progresses]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gujarat-bridge-collapse-bridge-collapses-in-morbi-oct-30/liveblog/95173515.cms#post6 |work=[[The Times of India]]}} In timeline at 20:25 (IST) 30 October 2022</ref>

==Investigation==
{{update section|date=May 2023}}
Initial reports said that the bridge was reopened early after repairs, without the required certificate of fitness from the local civic authorities of Morbi municipality. The chief officer of the municipality, who had agreed on the contract for repairs after the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|2001 earthquake]], said the private firm responsible for the renovations "threw the bridge open to visitors without notifying us, and therefore, we couldn't get a safety audit of the bridge conducted".<ref name="IndianExpress1252" />

A forensic report presented in court said that the bridge could not withstand the weight of the new heavy flooring given the cables were rusted, it had broken anchors, and the bolts connecting the aforementioned two were loose.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3,165 Tickets Issued On Day Gujarat Bridge Collapsed, Finds Damning Report: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/3-165-tickets-were-sold-to-visitors-on-day-bridge-in-gujarats-morbi-collapsed-killing-135-3542957 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref name="pandey" /> A five-member committee was formed by the Government of Gujarat to investigate and determine the cause.<ref name="cnbc140">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Morbi bridge collapse: Toll rises to over 140, probe on |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/gujarat-morbi-bridge-collapse-latest-news-deaths-toll-fir-filed-probe-on-15049231.htm |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=cnbctv18.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अब तक 132 की मौत, मेंटिनेंस कंपनी के खिलाफ एफआईआर दर्ज, SIT करेगी जांच |url=https://www.amarujala.com/live/india-news/morbi-bridge-collapse-update-rescue-operation-continues-81-killed-sit-will-investigate-the-accident |date=2022-11-01 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Nine people, all associated with the Oreva group, were arrested and subject to investigation:<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shih |first1=Garry |last2=Masih |first2=Niha |last3=Irfan |first3=Shams |date=31 October 2022 |title=Indian police file homicide charges, arrest 9, as bridge toll passes 134 |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/10/31/india-bridge-gujarat-morbi-investigation/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Morbi bridge collapse: India police arrest nine after disaster | website=BBC News | date=31 October 2022 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63453077}}</ref> two managers and two ticket clerks employed by Oreva, two contractors, and three hired security guards.<ref name="pandey">{{cite news| last=Pandey | first=Geeta | title=Morbi bridge collapse: How India tourist spot became a bridge of death | website=BBC News | date=2 November 2022 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63477292}}</ref>

A [[first information report]] was filed against the maintenance and management agencies of the bridge under sections 304 (culpable homicide not amounting to murder), 308 (intentional act causing death), and 114 (abettor present when offence committed) of the Indian Penal Code.<ref name="cnbc140" /><ref name="BBC132">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-30 |title=India bridge collapse: Death toll rises to 132, many still missing |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63445154 |access-date=2022-10-31}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[1979 Machchhu dam failure]]
*[[2016 Kolkata flyover collapse]]
*[[2019 Mumbai foot overbridge collapse]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2020s building and structure collapses}}
{{Disasters in India in 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morbi bridge collapse, 2022}}
[[Category:2022 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters in India|Morbi]]
[[Category:Bridges in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Disasters in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Filmed deaths in India]]
[[Category:Morbi district]]
[[Category:October 2022 in India|Morbi]]
[[Category:Suspension bridges in India]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters caused by overloading]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]
[[Category:Bridge collapses]]

Scotland national cricket team

2026-03-25T20:55:44Z

AntoineScaby:

{{Short description|Men's cricket team}}
{{about|the Scotland men's national cricket team|the women's team|Scotland women's national cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Scotland
| image = ScotlandMenCricketLogo.svg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
| nickname = The Scots/ Scottish Saltires
| association = [[Cricket Scotland]]
| captain = [[Richie Berrington]]
| coach = [[Owen Dawkins]]

| icc_status = Associate Member with ODI status
| icc_member_year = {{start date and age|1994}}
| icc_region = [[ICC Europe|Europe]]

| odi_rank = 11th
| t20i_rank = 14th

| odi_rank_best = 11th (16 Feb 2024)
| t20i_rank_best = 11th (2 May 2017) 

| first_odi = v. {{cr|AUS}} at [[New Road, Worcester|New Road]], [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]; 16 May 1999
| most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|NAM}} at [[Maple Leaf Cricket Club]], [[King City, Ontario|King City]]; 4 September 2025
| num_odis = 175
| num_odis_this_year = 0
| odi_record = 81/84 (1 tie, 9 no results)
| odi_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wc_apps = 3
| wc_first = [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]
| wc_best = Group stage (1999, [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])
| wcq_apps = 7
| wcq_first = [[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]]
| wcq_best = Champions ([[2005 ICC Trophy|2005]], [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2014]])

| first_t20i = v. {{cr|PAK}} at [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]; 12 September 2007
| most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|NEP}} at [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]; 17 February 2026
| num_t20is = 113
| num_t20is_this_year = 4
| t20i_record = 50/58 (1 tie, 4 no results)
| t20i_record_this_year = 1/3 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wt20_apps = 7
| wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]
| wt20_best = ''Super 12 ([[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021]])''
| wt20q_apps = 7{{efn|group=QUAL|From 2023 edition onwards, T20 World Cup Qualifier refers to the Regional Final of the ICC Europe region.}}
| wt20q_first = [[2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2008]]
| wt20q_best = Champions ([[2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2015]], [[2022-23 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier|2023]])

| h_pattern_la = _sco_odi_2425
| h_pattern_b = _sco_odi_2425
| h_pattern_ra = _sco_odi_2425
| h_pattern_pants =
| h_leftarm = 081831
| h_body = 1D0D39
| h_rightarm = 081831
| h_pants = 081831
| h_title = ODI kit

| a_pattern_la = _sco_t20wc26
| a_pattern_b = _sco_t20wc26
| a_pattern_ra = _sco_t20wc26
| a_pattern_pants =
| a_leftarm = 6C1191
| a_body = 6C1191
| a_rightarm = 6C1191
| a_pants = 00063F
| a_title = T20I kit

| asofdate = 17 February 2026
}}
The '''Scotland men's national cricket team'''{{efn|{{langx|gd|Sgioba Criogaid Nàiseanta na h-Alba}} 
{{langx|sco|Scotland men's naitional cricket team}}}} represents the country of [[Scotland]] in international cricket and is administered by [[Cricket Scotland]]. They compete in international competitions organised by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), including the [[Cricket World Cup]] and the [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. They play most of their home matches at [[The Grange Club|The Grange, Edinburgh]], as well as at other venues around Scotland.

Scotland's history in cricket dates back to the 18th century, and during the 19th and 20th centuries they frequently played touring teams and counties. In 1992, the Scottish Cricket Union severed links with the [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] and in 1994 they became [[Associate membership of the ICC|Associate Members]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC).<ref name="ScoCA">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/24.html Scotland] at CricketArchive</ref> The Scottish Cricket Union changed its name to [[Cricket Scotland]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/associate/cricket-scotland|title=Cricket Scotland}}</ref>

Scotland have played in three [[Cricket World Cup|ODI World Cups]] (1999, 2007 and 2015) and five [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] tournaments (2007, 2009, 2016, 2021 and 2022). However, their first win in either of these events did not come until they beat [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]] in the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Muthu|first=Deivarayan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/981675.html|title=Scotland end win drought at ICC global events|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=12 March 2016|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> Scotland have played in every [[ICC Intercontinental Cup]] tournament, winning the inaugural edition in [[2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2004]]. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all [[Twenty20]] matches played between Scotland and other [[List of International Cricket Council members|ICC members]] after 1 January 2019 are a full T20I.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/672322|title=All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|date=26 April 2018|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>

==History==
===Before ICC Membership===
The first recorded cricket match in Scotland took place in [[Alloa]] in 1785.<ref name="Hist">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/SCOTLAND/DATABASE/SCL/history.shtml A History of Cricket in Scotland] at the official Cricket Scotland website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703210026/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/SCOTLAND/DATABASE/SCL/history.shtml |date=3 July 2007 }}</ref> It would be another eighty years, however, before Scotland's national side played their first full match, against the English county [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] in 1865, which they won by 172 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/SCOTLAND/GENERAL/timeline.shtml|title=Scottish cricket timeline|publisher=www.cricketeurope4.net|access-date=19 October 2011|archive-date=4 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004231213/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/SCOTLAND/GENERAL/timeline.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first Scottish Cricket Union was formed in 1879, and the national team beat [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] by 7 wickets three years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-1882-61352/scotland-vs-australians-tour-match-667871/full-scorecard|title=Scotland vs Australians, Tour Match at Edinburgh, Jul 29 1882 - Full Scorecard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://crictoday.com/cricket/series/scotland-national-cricket-team/|title=Scotland national cricket team|date=November 2022 }}</ref> The cricket union became defunct in 1883, and Grange Cricket Club took over the administration of the game until 1909. The first match against [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]] took place in [[Dublin]] in 1888, with Ireland winning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/CricketIreland/Scorecards/99/99669.html|title=Ireland v Scotland 1888}}</ref>

Scotland played their first match to be awarded [[first-class cricket|first-class status]] against the touring Australians in 1905, with the Scottish side being captained to a draw by [[Hubert Johnston (cricketer)|Hubert Johnston]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237637.html|title=Wisden - Obituaries in 1910|date=17 February 2006 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref> They also played South Africa, West Indies, an all-Indian team, and New Zealand before the start of World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.imgci.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/IND_SCOT_23-26JUL1932.html|title=India in England, 1932 Scotland v Indians Forthill, Dundee 23,25,26 July 1932 (3-day match)}}</ref> 1948 saw Australia visit Scotland for two games at the end of their tour of England. These games, both of which Australia won by an innings, were to be the last international games for [[Don Bradman]]. The Don signed off in typical style, making a fine unbeaten 123 in the second match.<ref name="Ref_c">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/18/18709.html Scorecard] of Scotland v Australia, 17 September 1948 at Cricket Archive</ref> In 1954, Scotland hosted a three-match to the touring [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistanis]], which they lost by 10 wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1954-61456/scotland-vs-pakistanis-tour-match-576763/full-scorecard|title=Scotland vs Pakistanis, Tour Match at Edinburgh, Jun 16 1954 - Full Scorecard}}</ref> Five years later, they held [[India national cricket team|India]] to a draw.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCOT vs INDIA Cricket Scorecard, Tour Match at Paisley, July 08 - 10, 1959 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1959-62279/scotland-vs-indians-tour-match-667773/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

The Pakistanis returned to Scotland in 1971, winning in [[Selkirk, Scottish Borders|Selkirk]] by 154 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCOT vs INDIA Cricket Scorecard, Tour Match at Paisley, July 08 - 10, 1959 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1959-62279/scotland-vs-indians-tour-match-667773/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> The following year, Scotland gave the touring Australia side a scare in a low-scoring match, before succumbing to a six-wicket defeat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCOT vs AUS Cricket Scorecard, Tour Match at Perth, August 02 - 03, 1972 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-1972-61365/scotland-vs-australians-tour-match-646647/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Scotland hosted New Zealand in 1978, losing by an innings and 157 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCOT vs NZ Cricket Scorecard, Tour Match at Dundee, July 19 - 21, 1978 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-and-netherlands-1978-62078/scotland-vs-new-zealanders-tour-match-509759/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

===English domestic cricket===

As well as hosting touring sides, Scotland frequently played English first-class counties in the post-war period, and took part in the [[1980 Benson & Hedges Cup|Benson & Hedges Cup]] for the first time in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-cup-1980-481441/scotland-vs-derbyshire-group-a-481722/live-cricket-score|title=Scotland vs Derbyshire, Group A at Glasgow, May 14 1980 - Match Result}}</ref> After enduring several winless seasons, their first Benson & Hedges victory came against [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCOT vs LANCS Cricket Scorecard, Group B at Perth, May 10 - 11, 1986 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-cup-1986-482552/scotland-vs-lancashire-group-b-482568/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Their second win came in 1990 when they beat [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]], a match in which a 20-year-old [[Dougie Brown]] took three wickets.<ref>{{cite web |title=NHNTS vs SCOT Cricket Scorecard, Group D at Northampton, May 10, 1990 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-cup-1990-491264/northamptonshire-vs-scotland-group-d-491295/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> When the tournament was reduced to the top eight [[County Championship]] teams for the 1999 season, they were unable to qualify and they did not rejoin the competition thereafter. In 1983, they took part in the [[1983 NatWest Trophy|NatWest Trophy]]. Their first win in the knockout competition came against [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] in 1998. [[Gavin Haynes]] hit 74 and Man of the Match [[Craig Wright (cricketer)|Craig Wright]] took 5/23 as Scotland sealed a famous four-run victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/national-westminster-bank-trophy-1998-419446/scotland-vs-worcestershire-1st-round-419464/full-scorecard|title=Scotland vs Worcs, 1st Round at Edinburgh, Jun 24 1998 - Full Scorecard}}</ref>

In [[1999 NatWest Trophy|the following season]], they made it to the third round of an expanded version of the competition, beating [[Nottinghamshire Cricket Board]] and [[Dorset County Cricket Club]] before losing to [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] in the Third Round. When the tournament was rebranded the [[Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy]], Scotland were unable to take part in the 2001 edition due to their appearance in the [[2001 ICC Trophy]]. However they returned in [[2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|2002]], enjoying wins over [[Middlesex Cricket Board]] and Dorset. In 2003, Scotland beat the [[Lancashire Cricket Board]] before losing out to [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]. Similarly, the following year they enjoyed success against minor county [[Cumberland County Cricket Club|Cumberland]] before losing to [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/scotland-tour-of-england-2003-421036/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Scotland tour of England 2003 Schedule & Results}}</ref>

In 2006 the tournament moved to a group stage, Scotland enjoyed a considerably better campaign, winning three games against first-class counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/scotland-tour-of-england-2006-250798/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Scotland tour of England 2006 Schedule & Results}}</ref> Between 2007 and 2009, in what was now named the [[Friends Provident Trophy]], Scotland won one game in each season. When the Friends Provident Trophy ended, Scotland joined the Clydesdale Bank 40, registering two victories in the [[2010 Clydesdale Bank 40|2010 edition]]. They won twice more in the [[2011 Clydesdale Bank 40|2011 season]], when they adopted the name Scottish Saltires. However, in the [[2012 Clydesdale Bank 40|following season]] they recorded just one victory, and their final season, in [[2013 Clydesdale Bank 40|2013]], was winless. Then the [[Royal London Cup]] was launched in 2014, but no international teams were included. Since then, [[Cricket Scotland]] has expressed interest in playing in county cricket again, with the [[T20 Blast]] said to be their priority, but the Royal London Cup and [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]] also of interest.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim |title=Scotland want to play County Cricket |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2022/10/29/scotland-want-play-county-cricket/ |website=The Telegraph |date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''Tournament Name'''
|'''W'''
|'''L'''
|'''NR'''
|'''Tournament Name'''
|'''W'''
|'''L'''
|'''NR'''
|'''Tournament Name'''
|'''W'''
|'''L'''
|'''T'''
|'''NR'''
|-
|1980
|[[1980 Gillette Cup|Gillette Cup]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|[[1980 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1980 John Player League|John Player League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1981
|[[1981 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|[[1981 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1981 John Player League|John Player League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1982
|[[1982 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|[[1982 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1982 John Player League|John Player Special League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1983
|[[1983 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1983 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|3
|1
|[[1983 John Player Special League|John Player Special League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1984
|[[1984 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1984 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1984 John Player Special League|John Player Special League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1985
|[[1985 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1985 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1985 John Player Special League|John Player Special League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1986
|[[1986 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1986 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|1
|3
| {{n/a}}
|[[1986 John Player Special League|John Player Special League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1987
|[[1987 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1987 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1987 Refuge Assurance League|Refuge Assurance League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1988
|[[1988 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1988 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|3
|1
|[[1988 Refuge Assurance League|Refuge Assurance League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1989
|[[1989 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1989 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1989 Refuge Assurance League|Refuge Assurance League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1990
|[[1990 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1990 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|1
|3
| {{n/a}}
|[[1990 Refuge Assurance League|Refuge Assurance League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1991
|[[1991 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1991 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1991 Refuge Assurance League|Refuge Assurance League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1992
|[[1992 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1992 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|3
|1
|[[1992 Sunday League|Sunday League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1993
|[[1993 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1993 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1993 Axa Equity & Law League|Axa Equity & Law League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1994
|[[1994 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1994 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1994 Axa Equity & Law League|Axa Equity & Law League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1995
|[[1995 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1995 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1995 Axa Equity & Law League|Axa Equity & Law League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1996
|[[1996 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1996 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|4
| {{n/a}}
|[[1996 Axa Equity & Law League|Axa Equity & Law League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1997
|[[1997 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1997 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|3
|1
|[[1997 Axa Life League|Axa Life League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1998
|[[1998 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|1
|1
| {{n/a}}
|[[1998 Benson & Hedges Cup|B&H Cup]]
|0
|3
|1
|[[1998 Axa League|Axa League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|1999
|[[1999 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|2
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[1999 CGU National League|CGU National League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|2000
|[[2000 NatWest Trophy|Natwest Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2000 Norwich Union National League|Norwich Union National League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|2001
|[[2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2001 Norwich Union League|Norwich Union League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|2002
|[[2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
|2
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2002 Norwich Union League|Norwich Union League]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|2003
|[[2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
|1
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2003 ECB National League|ECB National League]]
|4
|13
|0
|1
|-
|2004
|[[2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
|1
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2004 Totesport League|Totesport League]]
|2
|14
|0
|2
|-
|2005
|[[2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
|0
|1
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|[[2005 totesport League|Totesport League]]
|2
|14
|1
|1
|-
|2006
|[[2006 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy|C&G Trophy]]
|3
|6
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2007
|[[2007 Friends Provident Trophy|Friends Provident Trophy]]
|1
|7
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2008
|[[2008 Friends Provident Trophy|Friends Provident Trophy]]
|1
|6
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2009
|[[2009 Friends Provident Trophy|Friends Provident Trophy]]
|1
|7
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2010
|[[2010 Clydesdale Bank 40|Clydesdale Bank 40]]
|2
|10
| {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2011
|[[2011 Clydesdale Bank 40|Clydesdale Bank 40]]
|2
|9
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2012
|[[2012 Clydesdale Bank 40|Clydesdale Bank 40]]
|1
|8
|3
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2013
|[[2013 Yorkshire Bank 40|Yorkshire Bank 40]]
|0
|11
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|}

===ICC Membership===

In 1992, Scotland severed their ties with the [[Test and County Cricket Board]] (TCCB) and England, and gained [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate Members|Associate Membership of the ICC]] in their own right in 1994.<ref name="ScoCA"/> They competed in the [[ICC World Cup Qualifier|ICC Trophy]] for the first time in [[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]], finishing third. They were denied a place in the final only by [[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]], who were granted full ICC Membership the following year and Test Status in 2001. In the third-place playoff, they beat [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]] by 51 runs, sealing their qualification for the [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]],

Although England were official hosts of the World Cup, Scotland earned the right to host two of their matches in [[The Grange Club]] in Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/scotland-s-wasted-chance-at-the-1999-world-cup-814763|title=Scotland's wasted chance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-1999-61046/scotland-vs-new-zealand-30th-match-65222/full-scorecard|title=Scotland vs New Zealand, 30th Match at Edinburgh, May 31 1999 - Full Scorecard}}</ref>

Scotland's first ODI was played against eventual champions Australia. While they lost the game, they were competitive and a very strong Australia team reached the target after almost 45 overs.<ref name="WC99">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC99/ 1999 Cricket World Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530084700/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC99/ |date=30 May 2004 }} at [[Cricinfo]]</ref>
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 May 1999
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SCO}}
| score1 = 181/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 182/4 (44.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)|Gavin Hamilton]] 34 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Shane Warne]] 3/39 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mark Waugh]] 67 (114)
| wickets2 = [[Nick Dyer]] 2/43 (10 overs)
| result = Australia won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65196.html Scorecard]
| venue = New Road, Worcester, England
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[Peter Willey]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Mark Waugh]] (Aus)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
The rest of the tournament featured some chastening defeats, however, especially to the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], who raced their way to low totals. In what some described as the team's "own Cup Final",<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-05-24 |title=Scotland lose out in their very own Cup final |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/1999/may/24/cricketworldcup1999.cricketworldcup2 |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> the team lost narrowly to Bangladesh. Nonetheless, several players went home with their reputations enhanced, including [[Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)|Gavin Hamilton]], who scored 217 runs at 54.25 and [[John Blain (cricketer)|John Blain]], who took 10 wickets at 21.00.

The [[2001 ICC Trophy]] saw them finish 4th, losing a play-off game to [[Canada national cricket team|Canada]],<ref name="ICCT01">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT2001/ 2001 ICC Trophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526181333/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT2001/ |date=26 May 2008 }} at Cricinfo</ref> but they won the [[2005 ICC Trophy|2005 tournament]], beating long-time rivals Ireland in the final. In 2004, Scotland further staked their claim as one of the leading associate nations by winning the inaugural [[ICC Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]]. However, they did not progress beyond the first round in the 2005 tournament.<ref name="ICCup05">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026030725/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ |date=26 October 2008 }} at Cricinfo</ref>

===2006===
[[File:Ryan watson india odi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Scotland's [[Ryan Watson (cricketer)|Ryan Watson]] plays through backward point for a boundary against India at Glasgow's [[Citylets Titwood|Titwood]] ground, 16 August 2007]]
March 2006 saw Scotland embark on a pre-season tour to [[Barbados]]. They performed with some credit, although they only won one of their 6 games, against a Barbados XI.<ref name="Ref_d">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/WI/2005-06_WI_Scotland_XI_in_Barbados_2005-06.html Scotland in Barbados 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008144332/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/WI/2005-06_WI_Scotland_XI_in_Barbados_2005-06.html |date=8 October 2012 }} at Cricket Archive</ref> They owed much of their success to Nik Morton, who re-qualified to represent Scotland internationally in 2004. They competed in the [[Friends Provident Trophy|C & G Trophy]] in [[County cricket|English domestic cricket]] in the early part of the [[2006 English cricket season]]. They performed better than expected, winning three of their nine games, and finishing eighth in the Northern conference.<ref name="Ref_e">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/Tables/Cheltenham_and_Gloucester_Trophy_2006.html 2006 C & G Trophy points table] at Cricket Archive</ref>

In June, they played their first ODI since the [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]] when they took on [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in Edinburgh.<ref name="ODIList">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/Scotland/Odis/Odi_List.html List of Scotland's ODIs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830092207/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/Scotland/Odis/Odi_List.html |date=30 August 2008 }} at Cricket Archive</ref> Without key players Dougie Brown and [[Navdeep Poonia]], they lost by five wickets.<ref name="Ref_f">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/96/96843.html Scorecard] of Scotland v Pakistan, 27 June 2006 at Cricket Archive</ref> They finally got their first ODI win in the [[European Cricket Championship|European Championships]] in August with a win over [[Netherlands national cricket team|Holland]] in a rain-shortened game.<ref name="Ref_g">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/96/96847.html Scorecard] of Scotland v Holland, 6 August 2006 at Cricket Archive</ref> They again missed key players for some games in this tournament though, and thanks to their loss against Ireland, finished second in the tournament.<ref name="EC06">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/EURODIV1/about.shtml 2006 European Championship Division One] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308183858/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/EURODIV1/about.shtml |date=8 March 2011 }} at CricketEurope</ref>

During 2006 and early 2007, Scotland participated in the third edition of the [[2006–07 ICC Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]]. They beat [[Namibia national cricket team|Namibia]] by an innings in May 2006, but draws against Ireland in August and the [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]] in January 2007 meant that they failed to reach the final.<ref name="ICCup06">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/INTERCONTINENTAL/about.shtml 2006 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224150242/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2006/TOURNAMENTS/INTERCONTINENTAL/about.shtml |date=24 February 2013 }} at CricketEurope</ref> In December 2006, they travelled to Test nation [[Bangladesh]] for a two-match ODI series – their first outside the UK – but lost both matches heavily.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/264072.html |title=Scotland tour of Bangladesh, 2006/07 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref>

===2007===
In January 2007, after the Intercontinental Cup match against United Arab Emirates in [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]], they travelled to [[Kenya]], first playing in a [[Associates Triangular Series in Kenya in 2006-07|tri-series]] against [[Canada national cricket team|Canada]] and [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] in [[Mombasa]], where they finished second.<ref name="Ref_h">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/Tables/ICC_Associates_Kenya_Tri-Series_2006-07.html ICC Associates Kenya tri-series 2007 points table] at Cricket Archive</ref> This was followed by [[2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One|Division One]] of the [[World Cricket League]] in [[Nairobi]], where Scotland finished as runners up.<ref name="WCL107">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/96/96884.html Scorecard] of Kenya v Scotland, WCL Division One final, 7 February 2007 at Cricket Archive</ref>

They then travelled to [[West Indies]] for their second [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]. They again lost all their games and failed to progress beyond the first round.<ref name="WC07">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2007/ 2007 Cricket World Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027120620/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2007/ |date=27 October 2006 }} at Cricinfo</ref> Back in the UK, they competed in the [[Friends Provident Trophy]], their only win coming against Lancashire.<ref name="Ref_i">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2007/TOURNAMENTS/FPTROPHY/about.shtml 2007 Friends Provident Trophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024162431/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2007/TOURNAMENTS/FPTROPHY/about.shtml |date=24 October 2007 }} at CricketEurope</ref> They also drew an Intercontinental Cup match against United Arab Emirates.<ref name="Ref_j">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/123/123037.html Scorecard] of Scotland v United Arab Emirates, 27 June 2007 at Cricket Archive</ref> An ODI against Pakistan in July was washed out.<ref name="Ref_k">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000050/005010.shtml Rain denies Scots a shot at Pakistan] by Jon Coates, 2 July 2007 at Cricket Scotland's official site</ref>

In July, Scotland took part in a [[Quadrangular Series in Ireland in 2007|quadrangular series]] in Ireland against the hosts, Holland and [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]]. However, the endeavour was not a success. They lost their matches against Ireland and West Indies, with the match against Holland being abandoned due to rain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/quadrangular-series-ireland-2007-295775|title=Quadrangular series 2007 ireland}}</ref>

At the beginning of August, Scotland were on Intercontinental Cup duty as they beat Holland by an innings and 59 runs. They then drew with Ireland in a rain-affected match, only gaining 3 points after a poor 1st innings display. [[India national cricket team|India]] were Scotland's next ODI opponents in mid-August, which was shown live on BBC Scotland from Titwood, Glasgow. The match was reduced slightly to 46 overs after a couple of brief showers, but India won by 7 wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-ireland-england-and-scotland-2007-258449/scotland-vs-india-only-odi-275789/full-scorecard|title=Scotland vs India, Only ODI at Glasgow, Aug 16 2007 - Full Scorecard}}</ref>

Having reached the final of the [[World Cricket League]] earlier in the year, Scotland qualified to play in the [[2007 Twenty20 World Championship|Twenty20 World Championship]] held in South Africa. They lost by 51 runs to Pakistan in their first game, and did not get a chance to play their other Group D opponents [[India national cricket team|India]], as the game was washed out without a ball being bowled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/pakistan-vs-scotland-3rd-match-group-d-287855/full-scorecard|title=Pakistan vs Scotland, 3rd Match, Group D at Durban, Sep 12 2007 - Full Scorecard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/india-vs-scotland-7th-match-group-d-287859/full-scorecard|title=India vs Scotland, 7th Match, Group D at Durban, Sep 13 2007 - Full Scorecard}}</ref>

===2008===

In July 2008, Scotland played a [[2008 Associates Tri-Series in Scotland|tri-series]] against New Zealand and Ireland in [[Aberdeen]], Scotland. Scotland beat Ireland but lost their match against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/associates-tri-series-in-scotland-2008-325539|title=2008 Associates tri-series in Scotland}}</ref>

In early August, Scotland participated with five other Associate nations in the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier]] in Belfast. Despite an initial loss to hosts Ireland, victory against Bermuda secured a semi final slot. Throwing off the disappointment of an unexpected loss to Holland in the semi-final a few hours earlier, Scotland bounced right back for a 9 wicket victory over Kenya (who had advanced ahead of Canada), to secure third place. However, with only two nations guaranteed to progress, qualification for the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20]] was only granted when Zimbabwe confirmed that they would not attend the tournament.

On 18 August, Scotland played their first ODI encounter against England. Hosting the Auld Enemy, at the Grange Cricket Club in [[Edinburgh]]. However the match was abandoned due to rain after less than 3 overs of England's reply to Scotland's 156/9.

In December 2008, [[Cricket Scotland]], the governing body of Scottish cricket, took the historic act of giving three Scotland players central contracts. Bowlers [[Gordon Goudie]] and [[Dewald Nel]] and captain [[Ryan Watson (cricketer)|Ryan Watson]] became the first full-time professional cricketers based in Scotland. Nineteen other cricketers have been offered part-time professional deals.<ref name="Ref_2008">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/counties/scotland/7791293.stm |title=Scots trio handed central deals |work=BBC Online |date=19 December 2008 }} Retrieved on 20 December 2008.</ref>

===2009===
Scotland participated in the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20]] in England in June 2009. They were drawn alongside Test nations [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in Group D, with both matches being played at [[The Oval]] in London.

The first match, against New Zealand, was shortened to 7 overs per side due to rain. Scotland batted first and made 89/4, with [[Kyle Coetzer]] top-scoring with 33. However, three no-balls and a dropped catch enabled New Zealand to win by seven wickets with an over to spare.<ref name="Ref_2009">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/counties/scotland/8086118.stm |title=New Zealand given scare by Scots |work=BBC Sport |date=6 June 2009 |access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref>

In the second match, South Africa made 211/5, with [[AB de Villiers]] hitting 79 not out off only 34 balls. In response, Scotland were bowled out for 81, more than half of which was scored by Coetzer (42). The 130-run margin of defeat was the second-largest in terms of runs in a Twenty20 International.<ref name="Ref_2009a">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/8087255.stm |title=S Africa send Scots crashing out |work=BBC Sport |date=7 June 2009 |access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref>

===2010===
In 2010, Scotland took part in the inaugural [[ECB 40]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/clydesdale-bank-40-2010-435131|title=Clydasdale Bank 40 2010}}</ref>

Scotland competed in the qualifiers in the [[United Arab Emirates]], to compete for a place in the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20]] in the [[British West Indies|West Indies]]. They competed for a place with [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], [[Canadian national cricket team|Canada]], [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]], [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]], [[Netherlands national cricket team|Holland]], [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]] and [[United States national cricket team|USA]].<ref name="Ref_l">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/405141.html|title=UAE to host expanded World Twenty20 Qualifiers|website=Cricinfo.com|access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref> The tournament was disappointing for Scotland, going out in the group stage without winning a single match.

Scotland's Intercontinental Cup campaign was more successful as they reached the final in December – against Afghanistan – at the bespoke new cricket stadium in Dubai. Scheduled as a four-day first-class match of two innings each side, Afghanistan won the game in eight sessions. The match was live-streamed online by Cricket Scotland in agreement with the ICC.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intercontinental Cup final to be streamed live |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-intercontinental-cup-2010-intercontinental-cup-final-to-be-streamed-live-488824 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref>

===ICC World Cup Qualifiers===
During March and April 2009 Scotland attempted to defend the ICC Trophy they won in 2005. To secure qualification for the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] a top four place was targeted. They were also attempting to secure ODI status by finishing in the top six.

Scotland started the tournament badly by losing three of their five group games. With only the points earned against Namibia being taken through to the Super Eights, Scotland faced a difficult route to the World Cup.<ref name="Ref_2009b">{{Cite journal |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/iccwcq2009/content/series/384067.html?template=schedule |title=ICC World Cup Qualifiers |journal=ESPNcricinfo |year=2009 }} Retrieved on 22 April 2009.</ref>

Scotland started the Super Eights well by beating Holland in their first match. Defeats against Kenya and Afghanistan followed. The result of which threatened Scotland's qualification for the World Cup as well as the possibility of losing their ODI status if they finished out of the top six.

Victory against United Arab Emirates in their last game, and an improved run-rate, thanks to the 122 run victory, ensured a top six place for the Scots, securing ODI status until the next round of World Cup qualifiers.

In 2012, Scotland achieved their first victory against a [[List of International Cricket Council members|full member]] of the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] when it defeated a [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Ireland and Netherlands in 2012|touring]] [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-scotland-only-twenty20-we-set-sights-on-beating-a-full-member-peter-steindl-573885|title=We set sights on beating a Full Member - Peter Steindl}}</ref>

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 24 July 2012
| time = 16:00
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score2 = 128 (18 overs)
| score1 = 162/7 (20 overs)
| team1 = {{cr|SCO}}
| runs2 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 31 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Josh Davey]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Richie Berrington]] 100 (58)
| wickets1 = [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 34 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ireland-nl-v-bangladesh-2012/engine/match/567204.html Scorecard]
| toss =
| venue = [[Sportpark Westvliet]], [[The Hague]]
| umpires =Ian Ramage (Sco) and Richard Smith (Ire)
| motm =
}}

The Scottish team qualified for the ICC [[Cricket World Cup 2015]] in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], but was eliminated after six straight losses out of six matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/feb/17/cricket-world-cup-new-zealand-scotland-report|title=Scotland fall to New Zealand despite World Cup co-hosts' slapdash batting|work=The Guardian |date=17 February 2015 |last1=Marks |first1=Vic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/feb/26/cricket-world-cup-afghanistan-scotland-report|title=Afghanistan record famous Cricket World Cup victory over Scotland|work=The Guardian |date=26 February 2015 |last1=Marks |first1=Vic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/31885230|title=Cricket World Cup 2015: Australia thrash Scotland in last group game|work=BBC Sport |date=14 March 2015 }}</ref>

In January 2017 Scotland took part in the [[2017 Desert T20 Challenge]]. They won all three of their group fixtures, before losing to [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]] in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/desert-t20-challenge-2016-17-1074956/ireland-vs-scotland-2nd-semi-final-1074970/match-report|title=Wilson, Stirling, Mulder propel Ireland to final}}</ref>

===Zimbabwe tour of Scotland in 2017===

Scotland achieved their second victory against a [[List of International Cricket Council members|full member]] of the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] when it defeated a [[Zimbabwe cricket team in Scotland in 2017|touring]] [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/40296048|title=Scotland beat Zimbabwe to claim first ODI win over a Test nation|work=BBC Sport |date=15 June 2017 }}</ref>

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 15 June 2017
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SCO}}
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| score1 = 317/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kyle Coetzer]] 109 (101)
| wickets1 = [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] 2/48 (10 overs)
| score2 = 272 (41.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Malcolm Waller]] 92 (62)
| wickets2 = [[Con de Lange]] 5/60 (8 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 26 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis method|D/L method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1089419.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[The Grange Club]], [[Edinburgh]]
| umpires = [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL) and [[Ian Ramage]] (Sco)
| motm =
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Rain during Zimbabwe's innings set them a revised target of 299 runs in 43 overs.
| notes = [[Con de Lange]] (Sco) took his first five-wicket haul in an ODI.
*''This was the first ODI match between the two sides and Scotland's first ever win in an ODI against a Test playing nation.''<ref name="first">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/scotland-v-zimbabwe-2017/content/story/1103914.html |title=Coetzer, de Lange star in Scotland's first win over a Full Member |access-date=15 June 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
}}

===2018===
Scotland achieved their third victory against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|full member of the ICC]] when it defeated a [[English cricket team in Scotland in 2018|touring England]] side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jun/10/scotland-england-one-day-international-match-report|title=Scotland stun England with historic ODI victory led by Calum MacLeod century|work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2018 |last1=Martin |first1=Ali }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/44431264|title=Scotland stun England as Calum MacLeod hits 140 not out in Edinburgh|work=BBC Sport |date=10 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/scotland-stun-england-to-record-odi-victory-in-edinburgh-1.3525960|title=Scotland stun England to record ODI victory in Edinburgh|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref>

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 June 2018
| time = 11:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SCO}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| score1 = 371/5 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] 140[[not out|*]] (94)
| wickets1 = [[Adil Rashid]] 2/72 (10 overs)
| score2 = 365 (48.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 105 (59)
| wickets2 = [[Mark Watt]] 3/55 (10)
| result = Scotland won by 6 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1124639.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[The Grange Club]], [[Edinburgh]]
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Allan Haggo]] (Sco)
| motm = [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] (Sco)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Dylan Budge]] (Sco) made his ODI debut.
*''[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] scored the fastest century by a batsman for Scotland in ODIs and became the first batsman for Scotland to score a century in ODIs against England.''<ref name="Stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23753140/calum-macleod-helps-scotland-scale-new-heights-edinburgh |title=Record-breaking Scotland defeat No. 1 ranked England|work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref>
*''Scotland made their highest score in ODIs and the highest score by an [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate members|Associate]] team against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|Full Member]] team.''<ref name="Stats"/>
*''[[Jonny Bairstow]] became the first batsman for England to score centuries in three consecutive ODIs.''<ref name="Stats"/>
}}

===2022===
Scotland achieved their fourth victory against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|full member of the ICC]] when it defeated the [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] in the first round of the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 ICC T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/17/scotland-pull-off-impressive-thrashing-of-west-indies-in-t20-world-cup-cricket#:~:text=Guardian%20Pick,in%20exactly%20the%20right%20way.|title=Scotland pull off impressive thrashing of West Indies in T20 World Cup|work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2022 |last1=Burnton |first1=Simon }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/63281343|title=T20 World Cup: Scotland shock West Indies in Group B|work=BBC Sport |date=17 October 2022 }}</ref>
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 October 2022 {{anchor|match3}}
| time= 15:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SCO}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 = 160/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[George Munsey]] 66[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 2/14 (3 overs)
| score2 = 118 (18.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jason Holder]] 38 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Mark Watt]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 42 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1298137.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]] Attendance: 2,135<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austadiums.com/sport/event/26522|title = T20 World Cup: Scotland v West Indies - Blundstone Arena, Hobart}}</ref>
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[George Munsey]] (Sco)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==International grounds==
{{location map+|Scotland|float=right|width=300|caption=Locations of all stadiums which have hosted an international cricket match within Scotland|places=
{{location map~|Scotland|label=[[Cambusdoon New Ground|Cambusdoon]]|position=right|lat=55.430733|long=-4.634761}}
{{location map~|Scotland|label=[[The Grange Club|The Grange]]|position=left|lat=55.959843|long=-3.214295}}
{{location map~|Scotland|label=[[Mannofield Park|Mannofield]]|position=right|lat=57.1297|long=-2.137}}
{{location map~|Scotland|label=[[Titwood]]|position=left|lat =55.83572|long=-4.28526}}
{{location map~|Scotland|label=[[Forthill]]|position=left|lat =56.47531300691887|long=-2.870421174059861}}
}}

Scotland currently has five grounds which have hosted internationals.

[[The Grange Club]] in [[Edinburgh]]. The club itself was founded in 1832, and the current location has been in operation since 1872. The ground seats 5,000 people and has hosted 22 ODI's and 27 T20I's, including two matches from the 1999 Cricket World Cup.<ref name="espncricinfo.com">{{Cite web |title=SCOT: Grange Cricket Club, Raeburn Place, Edinburgh Cricket Ground ODI match team match results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/scot-grange-cricket-club-raeburn-place-edinburgh-237/one-day-internationals-2 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

[[Titwood]] in [[Glasgow]]. [[Clydesdale Cricket Club]], which was founded in 1848, moved here in 1876. Titwood hosted its first first-class match against [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] in July 1963. Between 1984 and 1986 the ground hosted an annual fixture against [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]]. It has hosted six ODI's, the most recent being in 2022.<ref name="espncricinfo.com"/>

[[Cambusdoon New Ground]] in [[Ayr]]. In 2006, Cambusdoon was approved by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) to host ODI matches. The ground hosted Scotland's [[2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup]] matches between [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]] and Namibia.

[[Mannofield Park]] in Aberdeen. Mannofield was also approved for ODI matches in 2006. The ground's history dates back to 1879 when [[Aberdeen University]] played host to [[Edinburgh University]]. The ground also welcomed [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]] in 1930 and was the stadium where Sir Donald Bradman, who scored his last century on British soil at the ground in 1948. It has hosted 22 ODI's and 2 T20I's. The ground has played host to 11 first-class matches, the last of which came in July 2013 when Scotland beat Kenya in the [[2011–2013 ICC Intercontinental Cup]].

[[Forthill]] in [[Dundee]]. Forthill is the home of [[Forfarshire Cricket Club]] and was opened in 1880 with a match between Forfarshire and [[Glenalmond College]]. In the 20th century several first-class matches took place there, including games against touring Indians and New Zealanders. It hosted its first ODI's in 2024, playing host to Namibia and Oman in the [[2024–2026 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2|ICC Men's Cricket World Cup League 2]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SCOT: Forthill, Dundee Cricket Ground ODI match team match results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/scot-forthill-dundee-315/one-day-internationals-2 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable Scottish cricketers ==
Many famous cricketers have hailed from Scotland, most notably former England captain, [[Mike Denness]], who was born in [[Lanarkshire]] and represented Scotland both before and during his time at [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent.]]

[[Douglas Jardine]], a particularly infamous cricketer, and a man who was vilified in Australia, was born in [[British India]] to Scottish parents. He developed [[leg theory]], which led to the notorious "[[Bodyline]]" Ashes series in [[English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33|1932-33]]. Despite living most of his life in England, Jardine gave his children Scottish names and asked for his ashes to be scattered in Scotland.

Arguably one of Scotland's best spinners - and also a respected journalist - was [[Ian Peebles]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/Overall/Wisden_Cricketers_of_the_Year.html |access-date=29 May 2018 |website=cricketarchive.com}}</ref> who was one of the [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year]] in 1931, alongside [[Don Bradman]].

Another Scottish spinner was [[Peter Such]], who took 849 first-class wickets and made 11 test appearances for England. In a 1999 test against New Zealand, Such broke the world-record for the longest duck, surviving 51 balls and allowing England to add 31 for the ninth wicket in a scrappy draw.

[[Brian Hardie]] was a major contributor to the Essex side of the 1970s and 1980s, which won four [[County Championship]]s, three Sunday Leagues, a [[Benson & Hedges Cup]] and a [[1985 NatWest Trophy|NatWest Trophy]], in which he was Man of the Match after scoring 110 in a one-run victory.. The regular opening partner of [[Graham Gooch]], Hardie retired with more than 18,000 first class runs.

Stirling-born all-rounder [[Dougie Brown]] enjoyed a fifteen-year career with Warwickshire and represented both England and Scotland.

The same was the case for all-rounder [[Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)|Gavin Hamilton]], who played for both Yorkshire and Durham in domestic cricket, and starred in the 1999 World Cup for Scotland, before playing a test for England in the same year.

==Tournament history==

===World Cup===
{{main|Scotland at the Cricket World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="8" |[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup record]]
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=120 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]] || colspan="7" rowspan="5"|Not eligible (not an ICC member)<ref name="ScoCA"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]] || colspan="7"|Not eligible (not an ICC member at time of qualification)<ref name="ScoCA"/>
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]] || Group stage || 12/12 || 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]] || colspan="7"|Did not qualify
|-
|{{flagicon|WIN}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]] || Group stage || 15/16 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BGD}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]] || colspan="7"|Did not qualify
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]] || Group stage || 14/14 || 6 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]] || colspan="7" rowspan="2" |Did not qualify
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} [[2027 Cricket World Cup|2027]] || colspan="7" rowspan="2"| ''TBD''
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} [[2031 Cricket World Cup|2031]]
|-
| '''Total''' || '''Group Stage''' || '''3/12''' || '''14''' || '''0''' || '''14''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|}

===T20 World Cup===
{{main|Scotland at the ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! colspan="8" |[[ICC T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup record]]
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]] || rowspan=2| Group stage || 10/12 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]] || 12/12 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|WIN}} [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]] || colspan="7" rowspan="3"| Did not qualify
|-
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]] || Group stage || 14/16 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]|| Super 12 || 12/16
|8
|3
|5
|0
|0
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]|| rowspan=3 |Group Stage || 14/16 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|WIN}} [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]] || 9/20 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]{{Efn|name=SCO-26|Scotland had initially failed to qualify, but were later included in January 2026 as replacement for Bangladesh after their withdrawal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-24 |title=ICC replaces Bangladesh with Scotland at T20 World Cup due to BCB refusal to play in India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-replaces-bangladesh-with-scotland-at-t20-world-cup-due-to-bcb-refusal-to-play-in-india-1520550 |access-date=2026-01-24 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>}} || 12/20 || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}}[[2028 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2028]] || colspan="7"| ''TBD''
|-
| style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|IRE}} {{flagicon|SCO}} [[2030 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2030]]|| colspan="7" | ''Qualified as co-hosts''
|-
| '''Total''' || '''Super 12''' || '''9th''' || '''26'''|| '''8'''|| '''16'''|| '''0''' || '''2'''
|-
|}

===Other tournaments===

{|class="wikitable"
! [[ICC World Cup Qualifier|ICC Trophy / World Cup Qualifier]] (One day, List A from 2005)
! [[Commonwealth Games]] (List A)
! [[Friends Provident Trophy]] (List A)
! [[Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier|ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier]] (T20I)
! [[Men's T20 World Cup qualification|T20 World Cup Europe Regional Final]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*1979 to 1994: Not eligible – not an ICC member<ref name="ScoCA"/>
*[[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]]: 3rd place
*[[2001 ICC Trophy|2001]]: 4th place<ref name="ICCT01"/>
*[[2005 ICC Trophy|2005]]: Winners
*[[2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2009]]: 6th place<ref name="Ref_2009c">{{Cite journal |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/iccwcq2009/engine/series/384067.html?view=pointstable |title=ICC World Cup Qualifiers Points Table |journal=ESPNcricinfo |year=2009 }} Retrieved on 22 April 2009</ref>
*[[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2014]]: Winners
*[[2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2018]]: 4th place
*[[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2023]]: 3rd place
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*[[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: Round 1
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*2007: North Conference – 10th
*2006: North Conference – 8th
*2005: Round 1
*2004: Round 2
*2003: Round 3
*2002: Round 3<ref name="Ref_w">{{cite web|url=http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2002/ENG_LOCAL/C+G/SCORECARDS/R03/SCOT_SURREY_C+G_29MAY2002.html|title=C & G Trophy: Scotland v Surrey at Edinburgh, 29 May 2002|website=uk.cricinfo.com|access-date=29 May 2018}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*[[2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2008]]: 3rd place
*[[2010 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2010]]: 7th place
*[[2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2012]]: 5th place
*[[2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2013]]: 7th place
*[[2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2015]]: Joint winners (with Netherlands)
*[[2019 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier|2019]]: 5th place
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*[[2022-23 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier#Regional Final|2023]]: '''Winners''' (qualified)
*[[2025 Men's T20 World Cup Europe Regional Final|2025]]: 4th place
|}
{|class="wikitable"
! [[ICC 6 Nations Challenge]]
! [[ICC Intercontinental Cup]] (FC)
! [[World Cricket League]] (ODI) (formerly [[ICC 6 Nations Challenge]])
! [[European Cricket Championship|European Championship]] (OD/ODI)‡
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*2000: 6th place<ref name="Ref_m">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2000/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml ICC Emerging Nations Tournament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808141147/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2000/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml |date=8 August 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*2002: Did not participate<ref name="Ref_n">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml 2002 ICC 6 Nations Challenge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705231744/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml |date=5 July 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*2004: Runners-up<ref name="Ref_o">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2004/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml ICC 6 Nations Challenge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330020852/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2004/TOURNAMENTS/ENT/about.shtml |date=30 March 2012 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*[[2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2004]]: Winners<ref name="ICCup04">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821180708/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ |date=21 August 2008 }} at Cricinfo</ref>
*[[2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2005]]: First round<ref name="ICCup05"/>
*[[2006–07 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2006–07]]: First round<ref name="ICCup06"/>
*[[2007–08 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2007–08]]: 4th place
*[[2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2009–10]]: Runners-up
*[[2011–13 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2011–13]]: 3rd place
*[[2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2015–17]]: 6th place
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*2007: Runners-up ([[2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One|Division One]])<ref name="WCL107"/>
*2010: Runners-up ([[2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One|Division One]])<ref name="Ref_p">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/wcldiv1/engine/current/match/450385.html|title=Final, ICC World Cricket League Division One at Amstelveen, Jul 10 2010 – Match Summary – ESPNCricinfo|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
*2014: (Division One)
| style="vertical-align:top;"|
*1996: 5th place<ref name="Ref_q">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/1996/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml 1996 European Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705035654/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/1996/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml |date=5 July 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*1998: 3rd place<ref name="Ref_r">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/1998/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml 1998 European Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709050529/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/1998/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml |date=9 July 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*2000: 3rd place (Division One)<ref name="Ref_s">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2000/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml 2000 European Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705225209/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2000/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/about.shtml |date=5 July 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*2002: Runners-up (Division One)<ref name="Ref_t">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/RESULTS/about.shtml|title=2002|website=Cricketeurope4.net|access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106203810/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMS/RESULTS/about.shtml |archive-date=6 January 2009 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
*2004: 4th place (Division One)<ref name="Ref_u">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2004/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMSA/results.shtml 2004 European Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013120857/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2004/TOURNAMENTS/EUROCHAMSA/results.shtml |date=13 October 2008 }} at CricketEurope</ref>
*2006: Runners-up (Division One)<ref name="EC06"/>
*2008: Runners-up (Division One)<ref name="Ref_v">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/series/342158.html|title=European Championship Division One|website=Cricinfo|access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
|}
‡ Only the matches between Scotland, Ireland and Netherlands in the 2006 tournament have official ODI status.

==Current squad ==
This lists all the active players who are contracted to or have played for Scotland in the past year (since 20 December 2024 to 18 February 2026) and the forms in which they have played, and any players (in italics) outside this criterion who have been selected in the team's most recent ODI or T20I squad.

'''Key'''
*S/N = Shirt number

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Name
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Age
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Batting style
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Bowling style
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Forms
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | S/N
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Last ODI
! style="text-align:center; background:#005EB8; color:white; | Last T20I
|-
!colspan="12"| Batters
|-
| [[Richie Berrington]] || {{age|1987|4|3}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI (C), T20I (C) ||align="center"| 44 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Tom Bruce (cricketer)|Tom Bruce]] || {{age|1991|8|2}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || ODI ||align="center"| 42 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Oli Hairs]] || {{age|1991|4|14}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || T20I ||align="center"| 14 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2010 || {{cricon|JER}} 2025
|-
| [[Michael Jones (cricketer)|Michael Jones]] || {{age|1998|1|5}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 49 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2024 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Christopher McBride]] || {{age|1999|6|26}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| — || {{cricon|UAE}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025
|-
| [[Finlay McCreath]] || {{age|1998|10|16}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 23 || {{cricon|CAN}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025
|-
| [[George Munsey]] || {{age|1993|2|21}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 93 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Liam Naylor]] || {{age|2001|7|20}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| — || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025
|-
!colspan="12"| All-rounders
|-
| [[Michael Leask]] || {{age|1990|10|29}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 29 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Brandon McMullen]] || {{age|1999|10|18}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 21 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
!colspan="12"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]] || {{age|1992|10|15}} || Right-handed || — || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 9 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Charlie Tear]] || {{age|2004|6|12}} || Right-handed || — || ODI, T20I ||align="center"|28 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|JER}} 2025
|-
!colspan="12"| Pace bowlers
|-
| [[Charlie Cassell]] || {{age|1998|10|25}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"|19 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025
|-
| [[Brad Currie]] || {{age|1998|11|8}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 4 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Josh Davey]] || {{age|1990|8|3}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI ||align="center"| 38 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2022
|-
| [[Brad Wheal]] || {{age|1996|8|28}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| — || {{cricon|NEP}} 2024 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Jasper Davidson]] || {{age|2002|3|15}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"|— || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025
|-
| [[Jack Jarvis (cricketer)|Jack Jarvis]] || {{age|2003|5|29}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 66 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025
|-
| [[Mackenzie Jones]] || {{age|2006|6|6}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"|— || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|NED}} 2025
|-
| [[Safyaan Sharif]] || {{age|1991|5|24}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 50 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2026
|-
! colspan="8" | Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Chris Greaves (cricketer)|Chris Greaves]] || {{age|1990|10|12}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 13 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|JER}} 2025
|-
| [[Mark Watt]] || {{age|1996|7|29}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || ODI, T20I ||align="center"| 51 || {{cricon|NAM}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026
|-
| [[Oliver Davidson]] || {{age|2004|7|28}} ||Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || T20I ||align-"center"| 6|| {{cricon|UAE}} 2022 || {{cricon|NEP}}2026
|}

==Coaching staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach || [[Doug Watson (cricketer)|Doug Watson]]
|-
| Batting coach || [[Ryan Watson (cricketer)|Ryan Watson]]
|-
| Bowling coach || [[Craig Wright (cricketer)|Craig Wright]]
|-
| Fielding coach || [[Gordon Drummond (cricketer)|Gordon Drummond]]
|-
|Physiotherapist|| [[Gregor Maiden]]
|-
|Strength and conditioning coach|| [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]]
|-
|Analyst|| [[Kyle Coetzer]]
|}

==Records and statistics==
[[File:John blain yuvraj singh odi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Scotland's [[John Blain (cricketer)|John Blain]] bowls India's [[Yuvraj Singh]] at Glasgow's [[Citylets Titwood|Titwood]] ground, 16 August 2007]]
'''International match summary – Scotland'''<ref name="ODI">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Result summary |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"| '''Playing record'''
|-
! Format !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! Inaugural match
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| One-Day Internationals || 175 || 81 || 84 || 1 || 9 || 16 May 1999
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Twenty20 Internationals || 113 || 50 || 58 || 1 || 4 || 12 September 2007
|}
''Last updated 17 February 2026.''

===One-Day Internationals===
* Highest team total: 380/9 v. [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]], 16 May 2025 at [[Sportpark Maarschalkerweerd]], [[Utrecht]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Highest totals |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>
* Highest individual score: 175, [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] v. [[Canada national cricket team|Canada]], 27 January 2014 at [[Hagley Oval]], [[Christchurch]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title= Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / High scores |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>
* Best individual bowling figures: 6/28, [[Josh Davey]] v. [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], 14 January 2015 at [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]<ref name="Ref_ab">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Best bowling figures |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=7 June 2014}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

'''Most ODI runs for Scotland'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Most runs |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#bdb76b;"
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Richie Berrington]]''' || 3,536 || 33.35 || 2008–2025
|-
|[[Kyle Coetzer]] || 3,192 || 38.92 || 2008–2023
|-
|[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] || 3,026 || 38.30 || 2008–2022
|-
|'''[[George Munsey]]''' || 2,487 || 42.87 || 2017–2025
|-
|'''[[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]]''' || 2,215 || 23.56 || 2014–2025
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most ODI wickets for Scotland'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#bdb76b;"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Safyaan Sharif]]''' || 110 || 30.83 || 2016–2025
|-
|'''[[Mark Watt]]''' || 108 || 27.25 || 2016–2025
|-
|'''[[Michael Leask]]''' || 70 || 32.02 || 2014–2025
|-
|[[Majid Haq]] || 60 || 32.91 || 2006–2015
|-
|'''[[Alasdair Evans]]''' || 58 || 28.94 || 2009–2023
|}
{{col-end}}

* Players still playing for Scotland are listed in '''bold'''.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

'''Highest individual innings in ODI'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=2;id=30;type=team| title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Highest Scores | work=Cricinfo}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Player!!Score!!Opposition!!Venue!!Year
|-
|[[George Munsey]] || '''191''' || {{cr|NED}} || [[Forthill|Dundee]] || 2025
|-
|[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] || '''175 ''' || {{cr|CAN}} || [[Hagley Oval|Christchurch]] || 2014
|-
|[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] || '''157*''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || [[Queens Sports Club|Bulawayo]] || 2018
|-
|[[Kyle Coetzer]] || '''156''' || {{cr|BAN}} || [[Saxton Oval|Nelson]] || 2015
|-
|[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] || '''154 ''' || {{cr|PNG}} || [[Amini Park|Port Moresby]] || 2017
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Best bowling figures in an innings in ODI'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=2;id=30;type=team| title=Records / Scotland / One-Day Internationals / Best bowling figures | work=Cricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Player!!Score!!Opposition!!Venue!!Year
|-
|[[Josh Davey]] || '''6/34''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium|Abu Dhabi]] || 2015
|-
|[[Josh Davey]] || '''5/9''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || [[Cambusdoon New Ground|Ayr]] || 2010
|-
|[[John Blain (cricketer)|John Blain]] || '''5/22''' || {{cr|NED}} || [[Clontarf Cricket Club Ground|Dublin]] || 2008
|-
|[[Safyaan Sharif]] || '''5/33''' || {{cr|ZIM}} || [[Queens Sports Club|Bulawayo]] || 2018
|-
|Brandon McMullen || '''5/34''' || {{cr|IRE}} || [[Queens Sports Club|Bulawayo]] || 2023
|}
{{col-end}}

'''ODI record versus other nations'''<ref name="ODI"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
|-
! Opponent !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! First match !! First win
|-
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''v. Test nations'''
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|AFG|2013}} || 13 || 4 || 8 || 0 || 1 || 19 April 2009 || 9 July 2010
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|AUS}} || 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 16 May 1999 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|BAN}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 24 May 1999 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|ENG}} || 5 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 18 August 2008 || 10 June 2018
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|IND}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 16 August 2007 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|IRE}} || 21 || 5 || 15 || 0 || 1 || 5 August 2006 || 30 January 2007
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NZL}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 31 May 1999 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|PAK}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 20 May 1999 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|RSA}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 20 March 2007 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|SRI}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 13 July 2011 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|WIN}} || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 27 May 1999 || 1 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|ZIM}} || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 15 June 2017 || 15 June 2017
|-
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''v. Associate Members'''
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|BER}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 5 February 2007 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|CAN}} || 12 || 8 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 18 January 2007 || 18 January 2007
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|HKG}} || 5 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 26 January 2016 || 10 September 2016
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|KEN}} || 9 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 17 January 2007 || 2 February 2007
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NAM}} || 9 || 8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 10 July 2022 || 10 July 2022
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NEP}} || 10 || 4 || 5 || 0 || 1 || 13 July 2022 || 17 July 2022
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NED}} || 16 || 9 || 6 || 0 || 1 || 6 August 2006 || 6 August 2006
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|OMA}} || 9 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 15 August 2019 || 18 August 2019
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|PNG}} || 10 || 9 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 6 October 2017 || 6 October 2017
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|UAE}} || 17 || 12 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 1 February 2014 || 1 February 2014
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|USA}} || 8 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 9 December 2019 || 14 December 2019
|}
''Records complete to ODI #4905. Last updated 4 September 2025.''

===Twenty20 Internationals===
* Highest team total: 252/3 v. [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]], 16 September 2019 at [[Malahide Cricket Club Ground]], [[Malahide]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / Highest totals |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>
* Highest individual score: 132, [[George Munsey]] v. [[Austria national cricket team|Austria]], 25 July 2023 at [[Goldenacre Sports Ground]], [[Edinburgh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / High scores |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>
* Best individual bowling figures: 5/13, [[Brad Currie]] v. [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]], 28 July 2023 at [[The Grange Club]], [[Edinburgh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / Best bowling figures |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

'''Most T20I runs for Scotland'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / Most runs |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#bdb76b;"
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Richie Berrington]] || 2,451 || 31.02 || 2008–2026
|-
|[[George Munsey]] || 2,436 || 31.23 || 2015–2026
|-
|[[Kyle Coetzer]] || 1,495 || 22.65 || 2008–2021
|-
|[[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]] || 1,409 || 22.72 || 2013–2026
|-
|[[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] || 1,238 || 23.80 || 2009–2022
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most T20I wickets for Scotland'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=3;id=30;type=team |title=Records / Scotland / Twenty20 Internationals / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#bdb76b;"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Mark Watt]] || 91 || 22.19 || 2015–2026
|-
|[[Safyaan Sharif]] || 86 || 23.94 || 2012–2026
|-
|[[Michael Leask]] || 59 || 20.33 || 2013-2026
|-
|[[Alasdair Evans]] || 41 || 23.26 || 2015–2022
|-
|[[Josh Davey]] || 37 || 23.97 || 2012–2022
|}
{{col-end}}

'''T20I record versus other nations'''<ref name="T20I"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
|-
! Opponent !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! First match !! First win
|-
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''v. Test nations'''
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|AFG|2013}} || 7 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 10 February 2010 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|AUS}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 15 June 2024 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|BAN}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 24 July 2012 || 24 July 2012
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|ENG}} || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 4 June 2024 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|IND}} || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 13 September 2007 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|IRE}} || 16 || 4 || 9 || 1 || 2 || 2 August 2008 || 18 June 2015
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NZL}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 6 June 2009 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|PAK}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 12 September 2007 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|RSA}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 7 June 2009 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|WIN}} || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 17 October 2022 || 17 October 2022
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|ZIM}} || 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 10 March 2016 || 15 September 2021
|-
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''v. Associate Members'''
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|AUT}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 25 July 2023 || 25 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|BER}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 August 2008 || 3 August 2008
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|CAN}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 23 March 2012 || 23 March 2012
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|DEN}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 27 July 2023 || 27 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|GER}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 20 July 2023 || 20 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|HKG}} || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 25 July 2015 || 25 July 2015
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|ITA}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 24 July 2023 || 24 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|JER}} || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 21 July 2023 || 21 July 2023
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|KEN}} || 8 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 4 August 2008 || 4 August 2008
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NAM}} || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 22 October 2019 || 6 June 2024
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NEP}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 17 June 2025 || 20 June 2025
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|NED}} || 18 || 9 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 4 August 2008 || 22 November 2013
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|OMA}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 19 January 2017 || 19 January 2017
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|PNG}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 21 October 2019 || 21 October 2019
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|SIN}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 18 October 2019 ||
|-
|align="left"| {{cr|UAE}} || 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 9 July 2015 || 9 July 2015
|}
''Records complete to T20I #3720. Last updated 17 February 2026.''

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Cricket|Scotland}}
*[[Cricket in Scotland]]
*[[List of Scotland ODI cricketers]]
*[[List of Scotland Twenty20 International cricketers|List of Scotland T20I cricketers]]
*[[List of Scotland national cricket captains]]
*[[Sport in Scotland]]
*[[Scotland women's national cricket team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Jake |title=The Secret Game: Tales of Scottish Cricket |date=2020 |publisher=Chequered Flag Publishing |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=9781999777463}}
* {{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Jake |last2=Heatly |first2=Gary |title=Playing with Teeth: How Scotland's Cricketers Broke the Cycle of Glorious Failure |date=2022 |publisher=Pitch Publishing |location=Chichester, West Sussex |isbn=9781801501217 |author1-mask=5}}
{{refend}}

==External links==

{{Scotland national cricket team}}
{{Navboxes|
|titlestyle=background:#005EB8; color:white;
|list=
{{Cricket in Scotland}}
{{National cricket teams}}
{{National sports teams of Scotland}}
{{Cricket in the British Isles}}
}}

[[Category:National cricket teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Scotland]]
[[Category:Men's national sports teams of Scotland|Cricket]]
[[Category:Scotland in international cricket]]

S. G. Murugaiyan

2026-03-24T05:36:18Z

AntoineScaby: created some stub more to come

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = S.G. Murugaiyan
| honorific_suffix =
| image = SG Murugaiyan MP.jpg
| parliament = Indian
| majority =
| predecessor = [[M. Kathamuthu]]
| successor = [[K. Murugaiyan]] ''(via bypoll)''
| term_start = 1977
| term_end = 6 January 1979
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1931|07|15}}
| birth_place = [[Sithamalli]], [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[Tiruvarur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1979|01|05|1931|7|15}}
| death_place = [[Sithamalli]], [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore District]] (now in [[Tiruvarur district]]), [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| spouse = Nagammal
| party = [[Image:CPI-banner.svg|20px]] [[Communist Party of India]]
| relations = [[M. Selvarasu]] (son-in-law)
| children = 8
| constituency = [[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member]] of the [[Indian Parliament]] ([[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha]])
}}
'''Sithamalli Govindan Murugaiyan''' (15 July 1931 – 5 January 1979), usually called '''S.G. Murugaiyan''', was a [[communist]] politician in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. S.G. Murugaiyan was a prominent leader of struggles of the oppressed sections of people in [[Mannargudi taluk]], and became the first person from the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] in the state to be elected as [[revenue block]] chairman. In 1977 he was elected Member of Parliament. Two years later he was assassinated.

==Personal life==
S.G. Murugaiyan was born on 15 July 1931 in [[Sithamalli]], [[Mannargudi taluk]].<ref name="Sabha2003">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Indian Parliamentary Companion: Who's who of Members of Lok Sabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLZVAAAAYAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|page=336}}</ref> He hailed from a peasant family.<ref name="Sabha1979"/><ref name="Commission1977">{{cite book|author=India. Election Commission|title=List of Members of Electoral College for Presidential Election|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yWwtqBfQI4C|year=1977|publisher=etc., Controller of Publications|page=35}}</ref> He was the son of Govindan.<ref name="Sabha2003"/> Murugaiyan studied up to [[Matriculation]].<ref name="Sabha2003"/> He married Nagammal in 1955, and had four sons and four daughters.<ref name="Sabha2003"/>

==Struggles in Mannargudi taluk==
Murugaiyan emerged as a prominent leader of the [[Communist Party of India]] in his local area in the 1950s.<ref name=a>Subramanian, Narendra. [http://paperroom.ipsa.org/papers/paper_56589.pdf FROM BONDAGE TO CITIZENSHIP: AFRICAN AMERICAN AND DALIT MOBILIZATION IN TWO SOUTHERN DELTAS]</ref>

In 1962 Murugaiyan was elected chairman of the [[Kottur block|Kottur revenue block]], being the first person from the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] in Tamil Nadu to be elected to such a post.<ref name=a/> He retained this post until 1970.<ref name="Sabha2003"/> He also served as the Nochoiour [[gram panchayat]] president 1956-1970.<ref name="Sabha2003"/> Murugaiyan spearheaded struggles of oppressed sections of people communities in Kottur, challenging social discrimination <ref name=a/> He led campaign which s were often met with violent resistance, and Murugaiyan was known for carrying knives and firearms.<ref name=a/> In 1970 he became the president of the Thanjavur District unit of the [[All India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan)|Kisan Sabha]].<ref name="Sabha2003"/>

==Elections contested==
Murugaiyan was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[parliament of India]]) from the [[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam constituency]] in the [[1977 Indian general election]].<ref name=e1977>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1977 TO THE SIXTH LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |date=18 July 2014}}''</ref> He obtained 278,419 votes (53.95%), defeating Thanzai M. Karunnanithi from the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref name=e1977/>

===Lok Sabha Elections===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Elections
!Constituency
!Party
!Result
!Vote percentage
!Opposition Candidate
!Opposition Party
!Opposition vote percentage
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election]]||[[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam]]||[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]||{{Won}}||53.95||Thazhai Karunanithi||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||46.05
|}

==Assassination and aftermath==
Murugaiyan was stabbed to death on 5 January 1979, in Sithamalli, near his home.<ref name="Sabha1979">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha|title=Parliamentary debates: official report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQm7QmX6wrMC|year=1979|publisher=Council of States Secretariat}}</ref><ref name="PeopleSabha1979">{{cite book|author1=India. Parliament. House of the People|author2=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Lok Sabha Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWTVAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.}}</ref> The murder took place in broad daylight.<ref name=h8>{{cite web |work=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/central-region-shaken-by-murders-of-political-leaders-time-and-again/article3264802.ece |title=Central region shaken by murders of political leaders time and again |first=Syed Muthahar|last=Saqaf|date=31 March 2012|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> CPI blamed "AIADMK goondas" for the murder.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Politics: Documents, Events & Figures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Avinash Reference Publications|page=194}}</ref>

Murugaiyan was one of three prominent communist leaders killed in Tamil Nadu in 1979.<ref name="Gough1989">{{cite book|first=Kathleen|last=Gough|title=Rural change in southeast India: 1950s to 1980s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yhFAAAAYAAJ|date=June 1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=470|isbn=9780195622768}}</ref> Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M.G. Ramachandran]] hastily travelled to the Sithamalli to pay his respects to the murdered leader.<ref name=h8/> A mass protest was held in Mannargudi after the killing, CPI claimed around 100,000 people took part in the rally.<ref>{{cite book|title=Party Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgJbAAAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Communist Party of India.|page=4}}</ref>

A [[1979 Nagapattinam by-election|by-election was held in Nagapattinam]], which was won by his fellow CPI member [[K. Murugaiyan]].<ref name="Gough1989" />

== Legacy ==
The CPI continues to organize memorial events for S.G. Murugaiyan in [[Tiruvarur District]].<ref>''Tamil Murasu''. [http://www.tamilmurasu.org/Tamil_News_Details.asp?Nid=102052 வர்தா புயல் பாதிப்பு கண்டுகொள்ளாத மத்திய அரசு - தா.பாண்டியன் தாக்கு]</ref><ref>''Daily Thanthi''. [http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/Districts/2015/01/07045247/Central-Government-should-not-extend-the-contract.vpf பொதுக்கூட்டம்] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916141007/http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/Districts/2015/01/07045247/Central-Government-should-not-extend-the-contract.vpf |date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[https://www.dinamani.com/editorial-articles/center-page-articles/2020/jan/06/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%BE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF-3324527.html எம்.ஜி.ஆா். போற்றிய போராளி]

[https://www.naamtamilar.org/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D/ நாம் தமிழர்-சித்தமல்லி எஸ்.ஜி.முருகையன் புகழ்வணக்கம்]

[https://www.nakkheeran.in/24-by-7-news/politics/jayanand-divakaran-thiruvarur-communist-leaders கம்யூனிஸ்ட் தலைவர்களை விமர்ச்சித்து முகநூலில் பதிவிட்டாரா ஜெயானந்த் திவாகரன்?]

[https://www.periyarbooks.in/thanjai-maavattaththil-raththam-sinthiya-communistugal.html தஞ்சை மாவட்டத்தில் ரத்தம் சிந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்டுகள்]

[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-january-7-1979-5525886/ Forty Years Ago: January 7, 1979]

[http://www.adirainews.net/2015/01/blog-post_69.html?m=1 முத்துப்பேட்டை கூட்டத்தில் தா.பாண்டியன் பேச்சு !]

[https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-nagapattinam/thiruvarur/2015/jan/06/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95-1043833.html சித்தமல்லியில் இன்று முருகையன் எம்.பி.நினைவு தினம் அனுசரிப்பு]

[https://www.naamtamilar.org/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D/ சித்தமல்லி கோ.முருகையன்-நினைவு தினம்]

[http://www.keetru.com/index.php/2010-06-24-04-31-11/ungalnoolagammay2014/26611-2014-05-28-10-18-52 தஞ்சை மாவட்ட களநாயகர்கள் வழியாக சமூக வரலாறு-keetru]

[https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-nagapattinam/thiruvarur/2020/jul/20/sg-murugaiyan-affair-cbi-protest-demanding-investigation-3439118.html எஸ்.ஜி. முருகையன் விவகாரம்: சி.பி.ஐ. விசாரணை கோரி ஆா்ப்பாட்டம்]

[https://www.vikatan.com/news/politics/divakaran-son-jai-anand-controversial-facebook-post-about-communist-parti சர்ச்சையில் சசிகலா குடும்பம் - முகநூல் பதிவு... வெகுண்டெழுந்த கம்யூனிஸ்ட்டுகள்...]

[https://www.tamiltodaynews.com/rs-30000-relief-for-rain-damaged-paddy-interview-with-mutharajan-secretary-of-state-of-the-communist-party-of-india/ இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் மாநில செயலாளர் முத்தரசன் பேசியுள்ளார்]

[https://theekkathir.in/News/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF/let-us-cherish-the-memory-of-murugan தஞ்சை தியாகி எஸ்.ஜி.முருகையன் நினைவை போற்றுவோம்]

[https://www.tamiltodaynews.com/rs-30000-relief-for-rain-damaged-paddy-interview-with-mutharajan-secretary-of-state-of-the-communist-party-of-india/ நாடாளுமன்ற உறுப்பினர் எஸ்.ஜி.முருகையன் 43 வது நினைவு தினத்தை முன்னிட்டு]

[https://www.dinakaran.com/District_Detail.asp?Nid=1030601 முன்னாள் எம்பி சித்தமல்லி எஸ்ஜி முருகையன் 43வது நினைவு நாள் அனுசரிப்பு]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murugaiyan, S.G.}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 20th century]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Deaths by stabbing in India]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 1979]]

Girivalam (film)

2026-03-18T07:45:51Z

AntoineScaby: Started the post from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Girivalam (film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = T. Shivraaj
| screenplay = T. Shivraaj
| starring = [[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]] [[Richard Rishi|Richard]] [[Tanu Roy|Roshini]] Anamica
| producer = A. Ahmed
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| editing = L. Kesavan
| cinematography = R. Selva
| studio = Variety Frames
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|04|1}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}
'''''Girivalam''''' is a 2005 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic thriller]] film written and directed by T. Shivraj. The film stars [[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]], [[Richard Rishi|Richard]], [[Tanu Roy|Roshini]] and Anamica. It is a remake of the 2002 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Humraaz]]''.

== Plot ==
Arjun heads a dance troupe, and Priya, one of the dancers, is secretly in love with him. Their dream is to become a permanent fixture at Giriprasad's hotel, a wealthy businessman. Though they lose the competition, their dream is realized when the lead dancer of the winning troupe dies in an accident. Giriprasad falls in love with Priya, and his sincerity wins her over. However, it is revealed that Arjun had been scheming to have Priya marry Giriprasad to access his wealth.

Swetha, another dancer in the troupe, discovers that Arjun intentionally killed the lead dancer and covered his death up as an accident. She blackmails him for money, threatening to expose the truth to Giriprasad and the police. Arjun meets her to pay but instead kills her. Before dying, Swetha manages to leave a voicemail on Giriprasad's phone, exposing Arjun. Meanwhile, Priya faces a dilemma between her love for Giriprasad and her personal dreams. Distraught, she has an accident but later recovers from a coma. She decides to stay with Giriprasad, which enrages Arjun, prompting him to seek revenge.

Arjun manipulates the situation by lying to Giriprasad that Priya is giving him stolen money. Giriprasad spies on them and grows suspicious. Later, he discovers Swetha's recording and uses it to blackmail Arjun into killing Priya to catch him in the act. Giriprasad instructs Arjun to attack Priya when she answers a phone call, intending to hear her scream. Unaware of the plot, Priya records a confession for Giriprasad, expressing her remorse and asking for forgiveness.

As the plan unfolds, Arjun attacks Priya, and Giriprasad listens to her screams over the phone. However, Priya survives, saved by Arjun, who later blames the attack on a small-time thief who is killed. Arjun then blackmails Giriprasad using a recording of their meeting about the murder, giving him three choices: divorce Priya, go to jail, or commit suicide. The next day, Giriprasad meets Arjun at the designated spot and confronts him, rips up his contract, and decides to risk being imprisoned by killing Arjun to ensure justice.

A violent fight ensues between the two men, with Giriprasad's supporters intervening, only to be killed by Arjun. Just as Arjun is about to kill Giriprasad, Priya intervenes and confronts the former, revealing her realization of Arjun's murderous nature. Arjun shoots her, but she manages to survive and, in a dramatic turn, uses his gun to fatally shoot him. Arjun gradually succumbs to his death, and Giriprasad and Priya reunite, finally free from Arjun's manipulations.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Shaam (actor)|Shyam I. R.]] as Arjun
*[[Richard Rishi|Richard]] as Giriprasad
*[[Tanu Roy|Roshini]] as Priya
*Anamica as Swetha
*[[Charle]] as Pavadai
*[[K. Rajan (producer)|K. Rajan]] as Wedding Guest
*[[Ramesh Khanna]] as Gowrishankar
*[[K. R. Indira Devi|K. R. Indira]] as Giriprasad's grandmother
*T. Shivraaj as himself
}}

== Production ==
The film is directed by Shivraj, who previously helmed ''[[Adi Thadi]]'' (2004) and is the second venture of Variety Frames after ''[[Kadhal Kirukkan]]'' (2003). It is a remake of the Hindi film ''[[Humraaz]]'' (2002).<ref name="H">{{Cite web |date=24 September 2004 |title=Dreams in the making |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dreams-in-the-making/article28577168.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203095118/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dreams-in-the-making/article28577168.ece |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date=14 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was being shot during August 2004,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2004 |title=Honour well deserved |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/honour-well-deserved/article28576976.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013061901/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/honour-well-deserved/article28576976.ece |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=14 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and the film was almost done shooting during September 2004.<ref name="H" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=கிரிவலம் (2005) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/girivalam-songs-T0000644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217193808/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/girivalam-songs-T0000644 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=17 February 2020 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Nee Yaaro Nee Yaaro" is a remake of the song "Bardaasht Nahin Kar Sakta" from the original Hindi film and it is also the only song from the original Hindi version.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| "Adiyae Aandaal Amma" || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] || [[Piraisoodan]] || 04:18
|-
| "Mayavarathu Kaara" || [[Shoba Chandrasekhar]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] || [[Snehan]] || 04:46
|-
| "Nee Yaaro Nee Yaaro" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] || rowspan=2|[[Pa. Vijay]] || 05:07
|-
| "Solvaaya Solvaaya" || Ranjith, Anuradha Sriram, Sridevi || 05:11
|-
| "Meesa Vecha Paiya" || Anuradha Sriram || Snehan || 04:12
|}

== Release ==
''Girivalam'' was released alongside the low budget films ''[[Gurudeva (film)|Gurudeva]]'' and ''[[Thaka Thimi Tha]]'' and did not fare well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2005 |title=Chennai weekend box-office (Apr 01-03) |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice/Chennaiweekendbox-office(Apr01-03)-plupk5jajcebe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128184400/https://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice/Chennaiweekendbox-office(Apr01-03)-plupk5jajcebe.html |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=28 September 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:2005 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2005 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films about con artists]]
[[Category:Films about contract killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about home invasion]]
[[Category:Films about telephony]]
[[Category:Films about uxoricide]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Amnye Machen Institute

2026-03-16T11:10:39Z

AntoineScaby:

{{Short description|Organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox institute
| name = Amnye Machen Institute
| established = 16 July 1992
| founder = Lhasang Tsering, Jamyang Norbu, Pema Bhum and Tashi Tsering
| focus = Tibetan studies
| head = Ju Tenkyon (khenpo)
| city = Dharamshala
| country = India
| state = Himachal Pradesh
| image = Amnye Machen Institute Logo.jpg
}}

The '''Amnye Machen Institute''' is based in [[Dharamshala]] and works in the field of [[Tibetan studies]]. It began along liberal and humanist lines, focusing primarily on secular subjects with emphasis on the contemporary and the neglected aspects of Tibetan culture and history.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amnye Machen Institute Celebrates 20th Anniversary|url=https://www.voatibetanenglish.com/a/amnye-machen-institute-celebrates-its-20th-anniversary-160672285/1365361.html|access-date=2020-07-21|website=VOA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-06-28|title=Amnye Machen Institute turns 10|url=https://tibet.net/amnye-machen-institute-turns-10/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Central Tibetan Administration|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amnye Machen Institute Releases Six Books|url=https://www.voatibetanenglish.com/a/2450208.html|access-date=2020-07-21|website=VOA|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The Amnye Machen Institute was founded on 16 July 1992 in Dharamshala, [[Himachal Pradesh]], India by [[Tashi Tsering (tibetologist)|Tashi Tsering]], Pema Bhum,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Tibetan literature and social change|date=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|others=Hartley, Lauran R., 1964-, Schiaffini-Vedani, Patricia, 1967-|isbn=978-0-8223-8143-3|location=Durham|oclc=654195740}}</ref> [[Jamyang Norbu]] and [[Lhasang Tsering]]. The institute aimed at advancing an international and secular culture within traditional Tibetan society.

The institute started with the blessing and Rs. 50,000 seed money from the [[Dalai Lama]] and became the central point of intellectual and social movement in the exile community. They started fortnightly newspaper called ''Mangtso'' ({{langx|en|Democracy}}) and publish scholarly magazine called ''Lungta'' ({{langx|en|Windhorse}}).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-06-28|title=Amnye Machen Institute turns 10|url=https://tibet.net/amnye-machen-institute-turns-10/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Central Tibetan Administration|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
The institute focuses on addressing the limitations of the Tibetan people inside and outside [[Tibet]] in the intellectual, social and cultural life by undertaking scientific studies into Tibetan history, culture, society and politics.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

The Amnye Machen Institute explores external cultures, ideologies and nations that have influenced the Tibetan history and search for a new path in Tibetan studies by focusing on contemporary Tibetan art, literature and women's studies.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

== Significance ==
The institute studies the past to understand and direct Tibetan people to prepare for the future, through raising cultural and intellectual awareness, by making literature, culture and scientific knowledge readily available.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

It provides service and platform to various writers, academics, poets, artists and musicians for their creative growth and promotes their work.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

== Award ==
The institute was awarded the Poul Lauritzen Prize for Freedom award in 1994 and 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|title=In English|url=https://plfonden.dk/in-english/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=PL - Fonden|language=da-DK}}</ref>

== List of founding directors ==

* [[Lhasang Tsering]]
* [[Jamyang Norbu]]
* Pema Bhum
* [[Tashi Tsering (tibetologist)|Tashi Tsering]]
* [[Ju Tenkyon(khenpo)|Ju Tenkyon]] (current director)

== Publications ==

* Trails Of The Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling<ref>{{Cite book|title=Trails of the Tibetan tradition: papers for Elliot Sperling|others=Sperling, Elliot; Vitali, Roberto; Dge-ʼdun-rab-gsal; Willock, Nicole D.|year=2014 |isbn=978-81-86227-72-5|location=Dharamshala, H.P., India|oclc=907461757}}</ref>
* Forty-five Years of Tibetan Studies: An Anthology of Articles by Per Kvaerne<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kværne, Per, 1945-|title=Forty-five years of Tibetan studies: an anthology of articles|others=A-myes-rma-chen Bod-kyi Rig-gzhung Zhib-ʼjug-khang (Dharmsāla, India)|date=2015 |isbn=978-81-86227-73-2|location=Dharamshala|oclc=944339266}}</ref>
* The Centennial of the Tibeto-Mongol Treaty, 1913–2013
* A Short History of Mustang<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vitali|first=Roberto|title=A short history of Mustang (10th-15th century)|year=2012 |isbn=978-81-86227-57-2|location=Dharmshala|oclc=820553526}}</ref>
* Pandita and the Siddha: Tibetan Studies in Honor of E. Gene Smith<ref>{{Cite book|title=The pandita and the siddha : Tibetan studies in honour of E. Gene Smith|date=2007|publisher=Amnye Machen Institute|others=Smith, E. Gene; Prats, Ramón|isbn=978-81-86227-37-4|location=Dharamshala|oclc=182579241}}</ref>
* Tibetan Studies in Honour of Samten Karmay<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tibetan studies in honour of Samten Karmay|date=2009|publisher=Amnye Machen Institute|others=Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen; Pommaret, Françoise; Achard, Jean-Luc|isbn=978-81-86227-54-1|location=Dharamshala|oclc=648101195}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord missing|Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:1992 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Schools in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Dharamshala]]
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]]
[[Category:Tibetology]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Dharamshala]]

Damini (Kannada actress)

2026-03-15T03:25:53Z

AntoineScaby: Started some info more to come

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1999{{endash}}2009
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999)
}}
'''Damini''' is a former Indian actress who worked in [[Kannada]]-language films, who was known for her role in the film ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999).

== Career ==
Damini made her debut with ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999) directed by [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/news/volume2/chow_damini.asp|title=Damini - Now ready even for 'mini'|work=[[Viggy.com]]|access-date=4 September 2004}}</ref> Critics were polarised on her role with one feeling that "shines as the debutant girl" whilst another cited her as "adequate".<ref>{{cite web|title=Upendra review|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct24/rev.htm|newspaper=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991128102140/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct24/rev.htm|archive-date=28 November 1999|date=24 October 1999}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007370&ctid=5&cid=2427|title=Review: Upendra|work=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111204014/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007370&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=11 January 2005|access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref> Regarding her performance in ''[[Asura (2001 film)|Asura]]'' (2001) co-starring [[Shiva Rajkumar]], critics felt that she gave a good performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2020-aasura-movie-review.htm |title=Aasura Movie Review |publisher=[[Chitraloka.com]] |date=2000-11-17 |accessdate=2022-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010628110012fw_/http://www.chitraloka.com/english/knock_out/aasura.html|archive-date=28 June 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Review {{!}} Aasura |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007890&ctid=5&cid=2427 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225085945/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007890&ctid=5&cid=2427 |archive-date=25 December 2004 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Her career declined after acting in B-grade films.<ref name="KN"/>

She played the guest role of a mother in ''[[Bimba (film)|Bimba]]'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/my-first-preference-is-kannada-films-rakshitha/articleshow/18502534.cms|title=Damini as mother in ''Bimba''|date=9 August 2002|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> She played the glamourous role of a model in ''[[Good Luck (2006 film)|Good Luck]]'' (2006) alongside [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3205/kannada/good-luck/798/review.htm|title=Good Luck Movie Review|date=23 June 2006|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> Her last role was in ''Swathanthra Palya'' (2009) directed by [[Huccha Venkat]].<ref name="KN">{{Cite web|url=https://kannadanews.today/sandalwood-news/why-did-kannada-actress-damini-stay-away-from-the-film-industry/|title=ನಟಿ ದಾಮಿನಿ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ರಂಗದಿಂದ ದೂರ ಉಳಿಯಲು ಕಾರಣವೇನು? ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಆಕೆಯ ಕಣ್ಣೀರಿನ ಕಥೆ - Kannada News Today|website=kannadanews.today}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' || Rathi ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Swalpa Adjust Madkolli]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2001 || ''[[Vande Matharam (2001 film)|Vande Matharam]]'' || Citizen rights council member ||
|-
| ''[[Asura (2001 film)|Asura]]'' || Mohana ||
|-
| ''Halu Sakkare'' || ||
|-
| ''Mr. Harishchandra'' || ||
|-
| ''Amma Nagamma'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chitte]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002 || ''Punjabi House'' || ||
|-
| ''Love U'' || ||
|-
| ''Hatthura Odeya'' || ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Ree Swalpa Bartheera'' || ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Bimba (film)|Bimba]]'' || Mother ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2006 || ''Chelvi'' || ||
|-
| ''Bharathi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Good Luck (2006 film)|Good Luck]]'' || Sheeba ||
|-
| ''[[Hatavadi]]'' || ||
|-
| 2007 || ''VIP 5'' || Jyothi ||
|-
| 2008 || ''Navashakthi Vaibhava'' || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Swathanthra Palya'' || ||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDB name|nm1526433}}

[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Madhav Ramadasan

2026-03-04T21:19:07Z

AntoineScaby: Creating A Stub Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian film director, screenwriter and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhav Ramadasan

|image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = The Actor of the film “Melvilasom”, Parthipan addressing a press conference, during the 42nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2011), in Panaji, Goa. The Script Writer, Soorya Krishnamoorthy is also seen.jpg
|bSize = 1100
|cWidth = 220
|cHeight = 230
|oTop = 315
|oLeft = 690
|Location=center}}

| caption = Ramadasan, [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[43rd International Film Festival of India|2012]])
| birth_date = {{birth date and age text|22 May 1973}}
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| yearsactive = 1994–present
| birth_place = Kalluvazhi, [[Ottapalam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| citizenship =
| alma mater = [[Calicut University]]
| spouse = [[Kalamandalam Bindulekha]]
| children =
}}

'''Madhav Ramadasan''' is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor, who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Connecting through different themes|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/connecting-through-different-themes/article4103957.ece |accessdate=27 November 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2014-11-17}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Madhav Ramadasan was born to P. Madhavan and T.P. Radha at Kalluvazhi near [[Ottapalam]]. He did his schooling at AKNM-MA Memorial High School, Kattukulam.

==Film career==
He started his career by working in [[documentary]], [[advertising]] and short films. He then worked as an associate director with [[R. Sarath]] in the [[Malayalam]] feature films ''[[Sthithi]]'' and ''[[Sayahnam]]''. He made his directorial debut with the legal thriller ''[[Melvilasom]]'' in 2011. The film was an adaptation of a play written by [[Soorya Krishnamoorthy|Soorya Krishna Moorthy]] which itself was based on the Hindi play ''Court Martial'' by [[Swadesh Deepak]]. The film received wide critical acclaim and won numerous awards. In 2014, he directed the medical thriller ''[[Apothecary (film)|Apothecary]]'' which portrayed relationship between a doctor and his patients. In 2019 he directed ''Ilayaraja'' which had [[Guinness Pakru]] playing the main character.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chess is an important part of 'Ilayaraja', says director Madhav Ramadasan|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/mar/13/chess-is-an-important-part-of-ilayaraja-says-director-madhav-ramadasan-1950417.html|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=2019-03-13}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Notes
|-
|2011
|''[[Melvilasom]]''
|Directorial debut. 
The 15th Gollapudi Srinivas National award for the ‘Best Debut Director 2011’.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gollapudi National Award for Madhav Ramadasanu|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gollapudi-national-award-for-madhav-ramadasan/240007-60.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812014934/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gollapudi-national-award-for-madhav-ramadasan/240007-60.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-08-12|accessdate=27 November 2014|newspaper=IBN Live|date=2012-03-17}}</ref> 
[[P. Bhaskaran]] award for the Best Feature film of 2011. 
Selected to the 16th [[Busan International Film Festival]] (BIFF) in [[Busan]], [[South Korea]].
|-
|2014
|''[[Apothecary (film)|Apothecary]]''
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Ilayaraja (film)|Ilayaraja]]''
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Aazhi (2026 film)|Aazhi]]''
| Tamil film
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramadasan, Madhav}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1975 births]]

Devmanus

2026-03-04T19:01:53Z

AntoineScaby: Started a article w/ refs

{{Short description|2020 Indian Marathi language TV series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{About|2=film|3=Devmanus (film)}}
{{Infobox television
| num_seasons = 3
| genre = {{plainlist|[[Thriller film|Thriller]], [[crime]]}}
| company = [[Vajra Production]]
| based_on = [[Santosh Pol]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Swapnil Gangurde
| director = Raju Sawant Amit Sawardekar
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer = Rohit Nagbhide
| opentheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| image = Devmanus.jpg
| image_size =
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 301
| producer = [[Shweta Shinde]] Sanjay Khambe
| news_editor =
| location = [[Satara, Maharashtra]], India
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| cinematography = Sachin Patekar
| runtime = 22 minutes
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2020|08|31}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|08|15}}
| related = ''[[Devmanus 2]]'' ''Devmanus - Madhala Adhyay''
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
}}

'''''Devmanus''''' ({{translation|God Figure}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] [[crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘देवमाणूस’ मालिकेतून ‘या’ महत्त्वाच्या व्यक्तीची एक्झिट, जाणून घ्या मालिकेत पुढे काय होणार?|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/devmanus-zee-marathi-serial-update-this-popular-character-said-goodbye-to-serial-504779.html|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 31 August 2020 by replacing ''[[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Popular crime thriller Devmanus to go off air soon, new show Ti Parat Aaliye to replace it - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/popular-crime-thriller-devmanus-to-go-off-air-soon-new-show-ti-parat-aaliye-to-replace-it/articleshow/84917048.cms|access-date=2021-11-02|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It starred Kiran Gaikwad and Asmita Deshmukh in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=देवीसिंगने घेतलीय अजित कुमार देवची जागा, आर्या-दिव्याला चकवत तुरुंगातून सुटणार की त्याचाच गेम होणार?|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-update-vijay-will-attack-on-devising-490338.html|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117171042/https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-update-vijay-will-attack-on-devising-490338.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is produced by [[Shweta Shinde]] and directed by Raju Sawant under the banner of [[Vajra Production]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=देवमाणूस मालिकेचे १०० भाग पूर्ण|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/100-episodes-of-devmanus-series-completed/546195|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref>

It is supposedly inspired by a true story.<ref>{{Cite web|title=लगीनघाईच्या नादात ‘देवमाणूस’ फसणार, ACP दिव्या ‘देवी सिंग’ला अखेर अटक करणार!|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/devmanus-fame-actor-kiran-gaikwad-share-new-promo-of-serial-464494.html|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> [[Santosh Pol]], dubbed "Dr. Death" by the media, was a notorious doctor who killed 6 people in 13 years of his practice in the town of [[Satara district|Satara]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='झी मराठी' वरील लोकप्रिय मालिका घेणार प्रेक्षकांचा निरोप|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-may-go-off-air-on-tv/575149|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117162113/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-may-go-off-air-on-tv/575149|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A police inspector makes a criminal confess his crimes, then the story goes into the past. A constable chides a man for giving false hopes of a role in films in Mumbai to Dimple. Meanwhile, When a doctor catches a compounder (who later becomes a quack doctor) stealing money from his patients, he injures the doctor and runs away. Later, Dimple returns to her village, her mother beats her with a broom. Then, Dr. Ajitkumar Dev (compounder-turned-fake doctor) arrives at their Wada. Mangal (Dimple's mother) tells Dr. Ajitkumar Dev that Babu (Dimple's father) has not opened his eyes. Babu feels overwhelmed and tells his story to Ajitkumar. Mangal tells Babu to call Ajitkumar to stay in their house.

After that, Ajitkumar gets scared when he sees Rupali (Ajitkumar's friend) in the clinic. Reshma, a sarkar's wife, pours heart out to Ajitkumar. Furious on learning the truth about Ajitkumar, Rupali confronts him. When he refuses to marry her, she threatens him. After that, in aggression Ajitkumar kills Rupali and buries her under a concrete bench near his clinic. Ajitkumar sweet talks Reshma into eloping with him taking Vijay's (Reshma's husband) money and jewellery. Reshma refuses to get Ajitkumar out of Vijay's house. As Vijay comes after her, she strikes him on the head with a flowerpot. After that, he also kills Reshma because he deceives her for money and he doesn't love her. Mangal matches the marriage of Dimple with Mahesh, but Dimple refuses to married. She blackmails Ajitkumar and asks him to break her marriage alliance because Dimple collects the dead body of Reshma from Ajitkumar's room and keeps it a secret. So, Ajitkumar gets ready to break her marriage. A confusion creates Ajitkumar leading to a fight and Dimple's marriage gets called off. Later, Ajitkumar asks Dimple about Reshma's dead body. Dimple talks about her goals and ambitions with Ajitkumar and tells him that she helps him in every crime. After that, Ajitkumar also killed Aparna and her mother for money.

Later, everyone is happy as Manjula comes to the village. Mangal introduces Manjula to Ajitkumar. Manjula gives a fitting reply to Ajitkumar, who tries to get close to her. Manjula apologises to Ajitkumar and tells him the reason behind her actions. Manjula asks Namya to get medication from Mumbai on the promise that he won't tell anyone. Manjula tells Aaji the truth about her husband. The villagers gossip bad about Manjula. Villagers ask Ajitkumar to talk sense into Manjula and tell him to oust her from the village if she fails to budge. The villagers protest at Manjula's house asking her to leave the village. Manjula introduces her husband who is in a wheelchair, shocking everyone. Manjula and her husband roam around the village and meet with Aaji at the Wada. The villagers apologise to Manjula. Later, Manjula and Ajitkumar bury their hatchets and start afresh. Ajitkumar meets with Suresh to convince him to not buy Manjula's land. Manjula, Amar and Sanju wait for Suresh at the office, but Ajitkumar kills Suresh.

Dimple notices the blood on Ajitkumar's shoe and confronts him about it. After that, an altercation happened between Ajitkumar and Sanju. So, Ajitkumar kills Sanju also and buried him behind the Wada. At that time, Aaji came to that location, but she doesn't know who buried Sanju. Next day, Aaji called the police and they came to that location. Police got the dead body of the dog because Dimple replaced Sanju's body. Afterwards, Dimple, Ajitkumar and Manjula went to Mahabaleshwar. Ajitkumar won to take space in Manjula's mind in those days. A few days later the doctor proposed to Manjula and forced her and Manjula found out the true nature of the doctor. The doctor started harassing Manjula but Manjula did not tell anyone about it. A few days later, the doctor comes to Manjula's house and gets the land deed signed by Manjula's husband and goes to their kitchen and turns on the gas regulator in her house. After a while she comes into the house and goes into the kitchen and turns on the gas and there is a very big explosion and she burns and dies.

A few days later, a lady inspector Divya Singh comes to the village with her daughter Myra to solve Manjula's case. Seeing Divya makes the doctor's mind light up and the doctor falls in love with her. Mangal decides Dimple's marriage with Ajitkumar. Ajitkumar refuses, but Dimple gets ready to marry him. A few days later, Rupali's father comes to the village in search of Rupali. When the doctor finds out that Rupali's father has come to the village, the doctor plots to kill him. One day the doctor calls him to his clinic and puts a flower pot on his head while talking to him but he is not dead. The doctor tries to get close to Divya but is unsuccessful, so he makes a plan to reach her through Myra (Divya's daughter). He traps Myra in his trap and convinces Myra that he is her second dad and Myra agrees and tells the Divya that this is my dad from today. A few days later, the Doctor kills Rupali's father by drinking alcohol. After that, police confirm news that Dr. Ajitkumar is Devisingh. So, they try to collect information about him from Dimple.

When the Doctor knows about it, he plans to go to Mumbai to save the Police. But, when he went to the bus stand, he got news that Police collected all about his past information and they came to the village to catch some clues about the doctor. Police get information about Doctor's truth through Dimple. So, Doctor goes to the Police officer's house with the help of Dimple and kills him using an injection and a gun. Also, Dimple knows about Ajitkumar's truth that he is not a doctor, he is a compounder. Slowly, the Doctor pulls Divya into the trap of love and Divya falls in love with the doctor. The doctor's plan finally succeeds. A few days later, Mangal and Babu decide to marry Dimple and the doctor, but the doctor does not approve because Divya loves the doctor. Eventually, the doctor gets ready to marry Dimple then Divya also approves this relation and starts her case. She takes the fingerprints of some people including the doctor and the doctor's fingerprints match and Divya finds some evidence which makes her realise that the doctor is Devisingh.

Ajitkumar and Dimple get married and that time Divya leads the Ajitkumar from the wedding tent and he is arrested but the villagers stand firmly by the Ajitkumar, but Divya still does not leave him. Eventually, the case goes to court and Advocate Aarya Deshmukh is appointed to fight against Ajitkumar. Aarya presents evidence in court against Devi Singh and after looking at all the evidence, the Judge gives an opportunity to Ajitkumar to cross-examine. At the same time, when Dimple comes to meet Ajit Kumar in jail, Devisingh tells his secret story to Dimple that Dr. Ajit Kumar Dev is his twin brother and he too was killed by him. After due to lack of evidence Ajit Kumar was released from jail.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Kiran Gaikwad as Dr. Ajitkumar Chandrakant Dev / Devisingh<ref>{{Cite web|title='देवमाणूस'मधील कलाकारांचं मानधन तुम्हाला माहीत आहे का?|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-serial-cast-payment-for-per-episode/576957|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117172255/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-serial-cast-payment-for-per-episode/576957|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Asmita Deshmukh as Sagarika Babu Patil (Dimple)<ref>{{Cite web|title='देवमाणूस' परत येणार? अर्धवट शेवट झाल्याने चाहते नाराज|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/is-zee-marathi-serial-devmanus-coming-with-new-season-fans-are-excited-ak-593233.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117172255/https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/entertainment/is-zee-marathi-serial-devmanus-coming-with-new-season-fans-are-excited-ak-593233.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
;Dimple's family
* Anjali Joglekar as Mangal Babu Patil - Dimple's mother
* Ankush Mandekar as Babu Rangrao Patil - Dimple's father
* Viral Mane as Shubhankar Babu Patil (Tonya) - Dimple's brother
* Rukmini Sutar as Saru Patil - Dimple's grandmother
* Pushpa Choudhari as Vandi - Dimple's aunt
* Shashi Doiphode as Lala - Dimple's uncle

;Others
* [[Neha Khan]] as ACP Divya Singh
* Sonali Patil as Advocate Aarya Deshmukh
* Ajinkya Date as Inspector Amit Shinde
* Satyawan Shikhare as Police Viraj Shikhare
* Arjun Kusumbe as ACP Ranjit Chavan
* Rajratna Waghmare as Judge

;Villagers
* Sanjana Kale as Rinku
* [[Madhuri Pawar]] as Chanda
* [[Pratiksha Jadhav]] as Manjula Amar Sankpal
* Mimicharvi Khadse as Myra Singh
* Vardhan Deshpande as Amar Sankpal
* Kiran Dange as Bajarang Patil (Bajya)
* Kabir Gaikwad as Krish
* Nilesh Gaware as Namdev Jadhav (Namya)
* Vansh Shah as Vitthal
* Sagar Korade as Sanjay
* Eknath Gite as Vijay Shinde
* Gayatri Bansode as Reshma Vijay Shinde
* Tejal Shinde as Dimple's friend
* Ravina Gogawale as Ravina Bajrang Patil
* Rutuja Pawar as Rani
* Deepali Jadhav as Rupali
* Aishwarya Nagesh as Aparna
* Sachin Hagvane-Patil as Suresh Patil
* Kulbhushan Palkar as Mahesh

== Production ==
=== Filming ===
In April 2021, curfew was announced in [[Maharashtra]] due to increased COVID cases, while the production halted in [[Satara district|Satara]]. Hence, the production location was shifted temporarily to [[Nipani]], [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=देवमाणूस मालिकेचा हा शेवट नाही, येणार मोठा ट्विस्ट|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/this-is-not-the-end-of-devmanus-series-there-will-be-a-big-twist/articleshow/82967738.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117171041/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/this-is-not-the-end-of-devmanus-series-there-will-be-a-big-twist/amp_articleshow/82967738.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Kiran Gaikwad was selected to play Dr. Ajitkumar Dev.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Kiran Gaikwad to feature in the upcoming murder mystery TV show 'Devmanus' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-kiran-gaikwad-to-feature-in-the-upcoming-murder-mystery-tv-show-devmanus/articleshow/77571978.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819180509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-kiran-gaikwad-to-feature-in-the-upcoming-murder-mystery-tv-show-devmanus/articleshow/77571978.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Asmita Deshmukh was selected to play Dimple.<ref>{{Cite web|title=डॉक्टर अखेर डिम्पलसोबत करणार लग्न? ‘देवमाणूस’मध्ये सुरु झाली हळदीची तयारी|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/zee-marathi-serial-devmanus-dimple-and-doctors-wedding-festivities-ak-554300.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref> [[Pratiksha Jadhav]] was selected to play Manjula.<ref>{{Cite web|title='देवमाणूस' मालिकेत डॉ. अजितकुमार देवला लागणार झटका...|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-dr-ajitkumar-dev-caught-serial-climax/566559|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref> [[Neha Khan]] was selected for the role of ACP Divya Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘देवमाणूस’मध्ये नवी ठसकेबाज एंट्री, ‘या’ व्यक्तीला पाहून देवीसिंगलाही येणार भोवळ! पाहा कोण आहे ‘ही’ अभिनेत्री…|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/devmanus-serial-new-entry-actress-madhuri-pawar-will-enter-in-serial-493604.html|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117171044/https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/devmanus-serial-new-entry-actress-madhuri-pawar-will-enter-in-serial-493604.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sonali Patil was cast for the role of Advocate Arya Deshmukh.<ref>{{Cite web|title='देवमाणूस' मालिकेत अजून एक नवीन चेहरा, डॉ. अजित कुमारचा नवा खेळ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-government-lawer-arya-deshmukh-aka-sonali-patil-new-target-for-dr-ajit-kumar-dev/569614|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117162113/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-government-lawer-arya-deshmukh-aka-sonali-patil-new-target-for-dr-ajit-kumar-dev/569614|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
The channel and production house rolled out another sequel with 4 months of its closure. The show premiered from 19 December 2021. Kiran Gaikwad is being retained for the titular role of Dr. Ajitkumar Dev (Devmanus).<ref>{{Cite web|title=डॉ. अजित सरु आजीचा काटा काढणार?|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-dr-ajit-kumar-will-find-saru-ajis-truth/548672|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref> Few new characters were a part of this sequel. It replaced the horror show ''[[Ti Parat Aaliye]]''. The story of the show will be a continuation of its first season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Devmanus's second season ‘Devmanus 2’ to entertain soon; watch teaser - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/devmanuss-second-season-devmanus-2-to-entertain-soon-watch-teaser/articleshow/87844877.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Special episode ===
==== 1 hour ====
* 17 January 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title='अग्गंबाई सासूबाई' आणि 'देवमाणूस' मालिकेचे महाएपिसोड, खास भागात पाहायला मिळणार हे टि्वस्ट...|url=https://mmarathi.peepingmoon.com/television-news-2/news/11804/special-maha-episode-of-marathi-serial-aggabai-sasubai-and-devmanus.html|website=Peeping Moon Marathi|language=mr|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211808/https://mmarathi.peepingmoon.com/television-news-2/news/11804/special-maha-episode-of-marathi-serial-aggabai-sasubai-and-devmanus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== 2 hours ====
# 21 March 2021 (Ajitkumar's truth reveal)<ref>{{Cite web|title=असा असणार देवमाणूस मालिकेचा शेवट, सोशल मीडियावर रंगलीय चर्चा|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/will-be-end-zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-a588/|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=21 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321082756/https://www.lokmat.com/television/will-be-end-zee-marathi-devmanus-serial-a588/|url-status=live}}</ref>
# 30 May 2021 (Ajitkumar's murder mystery)<ref>{{Cite web|title=देवमाणूस - एक रंजक मर्डर मिस्ट्री! २ तासांचा विशेष भाग|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-murder-mystery-2-hours-special-episode/567774|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630041751/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/devmanus-murder-mystery-2-hours-special-episode/567774|url-status=live}}</ref>
# 15 August 2021 (Last episode)<ref>{{Cite web|title=अखेर ‘देवमाणूस’ मालिकेतील डॉ. अजितकुमारचे सत्य येणार सर्वांसमोर|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/devmanus-serial-doctor-ajit-singh-truth-coming-out-avb-95-2562390/|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>

=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 13
|2021
|3.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 13 - DATA: Saturday, 27th March 2021 To Friday, 2nd April 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414075735/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 16
|2021
|3.6
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 16 - DATA: Saturday, 17th April 2021 To Friday, 23rd April 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505164517/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18
|2021
|3.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 18 - DATA: Saturday, 1st May 2021 To Friday, 7th May 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520045928/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 22
|2021
|5.3
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP च्या स्पर्धेत 'देवमाणूस' चौथ्या स्थानावर; 'ही' मालिका ठरली अव्वल|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-mulgi-zali-ho-number-one-in-trp-devmanus-at-4th-rank/articleshow/83535475.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211110/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-mulgi-zali-ho-number-one-in-trp-devmanus-at-4th-rank/articleshow/83535475.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Dubbed version ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background: Yellow; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background: Yellow; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Ref.
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''Haiwan'' हैवान
| 24 September 2022
| [[And TV]]
| 30 April 2023
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular Marathi crime thriller Devmanus to get dubbed in Hindi as 'Haiwan' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/popular-marathi-crime-thriller-devmanus-to-get-dubbed-in-hindi-as-haiwan/articleshow/94215072.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]] 2020-21
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|Best Negative Actor
|rowspan="2"|Kiran Gaikwad
|rowspan="2"|Ajitkumar Dev (Devisingh)
|rowspan="5"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-awards-2020-21-part-2-full-winners-list-431569.html|title='माझा होशील ना' अव्वल, सईचा डबल धमाका, ओम-देवमाणूसचाही सन्मान|website=[[TV9 Marathi]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Best Character Male
|-
|Best Character Female
|rowspan="2"|Rukmini Sutar
|rowspan="2"|Saru Aaji
|-
|Best Comedy Female
|-
|Best Comedy Male
|Viral Mane
|Shubhankar (Tonya)
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt13026332}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/devmanus/0-6-2953 ''Devmanus''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Karm

2026-03-03T23:27:02Z

AntoineScaby: update content as per guidelines for consistency

{{About|the Hindi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karm
| image = Karm 1977.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[B.R. Chopra]]
| producer = [[B.R. Chopra]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]] [[Vidya Sinha]] [[Shabana Azmi]] Master Bittoo [[Urmila Matondkar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-big-stars-wowed-us-on-small-screen/articleshow/59438365.cms|title = When big stars wowed us on small screen - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 July 2017 }}</ref>
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1977|4|29}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''Karm''''' ({{lit|[[Karma|Deed]]}}) is a 1977 Hindi movie produced and directed by [[B. R. Chopra]]. The film stars [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Vidya Sinha]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Urmila Matondkar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-big-stars-wowed-us-on-small-screen/articleshow/59438365.cms|title = When big stars wowed us on small screen - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 July 2017 }}</ref> and Master Bittoo. The songs written by [[Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi]] and music given by [[R. D. Burman]]. This film was the first film of Matondkar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-big-stars-wowed-us-on-small-screen/articleshow/59438365.cms|title = When big stars wowed us on small screen - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 July 2017 }}</ref> as a child artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-big-stars-wowed-us-on-small-screen/articleshow/59438365.cms|title = When big stars wowed us on small screen - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 July 2017 }}</ref>

==Plot==
Retired Judge Shyamlal Kumar lives in a palatial home with his wife and only son, Arvind, who is studying law to become a lawyer. Arvind meets the beautiful Asha Shastri, and they fall in love. Asha introduces Arvind to her astrologer father, Chintamani, who instantly approves of Arvind, as Arvind's parents do of Asha. But when Chintamani sees a dark future for the young couple, he withdraws his blessings and asks them not to marry. Spooked by this, Shyamlal and his wife also ask Arvind to marry someone else, but Arvind and Asha start living together. This causes anger in their conservative community, and both are blacklisted. Asha becomes pregnant, but does not know that Arvind has met a young woman named Neelam Shukla, who believes that Arvind is a bachelor and wants to marry him.

Saddened by her father's death and his last warning that Asha should not touch his dead body, pregnant Asha leaves Arvind to go into oblivion at Haridwar. She meets Swamiji there and resides at his ashram. There, she gives birth to a son and works as a nurse in Dehradun. Meanwhile, Arvind gives in to his parents' wish to marry Neelam and moves to London for future studies with her. Both return after five years and in the turn of events, Judge Arvind shifts to Dehradun and unknowingly contacts his own son. Neelam's pregnancy becomes complicated and the doctors could not save their child. Neelam cannot bear a child again.

Arvind meets Asha (now Sadhna) in the same hospital. He enquires about his son and finally would like to adopt him. When Asha gives in to her husband's wish, the boy goes to Arvind and Neelam's home with a letter. After reading the letter, Neelam is infuriated. She returns the boy to Asha and drives madly back to their home. Arvind tries to explain things to her while she is recklessly driving, but it is of no help. Neelam rams the car into a running train; seriously injuring both Arvind and herself. She dies after listening to Arvind and Asha's story. Arvind is brought to the hospital on the verge of death. He fills sindoor in front of God in the hospital and marries Asha, thinking that he will soon die anyway. The doctor takes him to the operation theatre. Asha along with her son and Swamiji prays to Lord Shiva. After the operation Arvind is in a critical condition in the ICU. Arvind survives and regains consciousness.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] as Arvind
*[[Vidya Sinha]] as Asha Shastri/Sadhna
*[[Shabana Azmi]] as Neelam
*[[Asrani]]
*[[Kumari Naaz]]
*[[Manmohan Krishna]]
*[[Pinchoo Kapoor]] as Neelam's father
*[[Om Shivpuri]] as Sawami
*Master Bittoo
*[[Urmila Matondkar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-big-stars-wowed-us-on-small-screen/articleshow/59438365.cms|title = When big stars wowed us on small screen - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 July 2017 }}</ref>
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
Songs were written by [[Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi]] and [[Bharat Vyas]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Samay Tu Dheere Dheere Chal" wrtin by Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi
| [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 2
| "Main Ne Dekha Tujhe"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 3
| "Samay Tu Jaldi Jaldi Chal"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| 4
| "Jab Charon Taraf Andhera Ho"
| [[Mahendra Kapoor]], Asha Bhosle
|-
| 5
| "Jab Dukh Se Man Ghabra Jaye"
| Mahendra Kapoor
|-
| 6
| "Karm Kaho Qismat Kaho"
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| 7
| "Karm Kare Qismat Bane"
| Mukesh
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0158698|Karm}}

{{B. R. Chopra}}

[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Chopra]]
[[Category:1977 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

Rukmini (film)

2026-03-03T18:27:24Z

AntoineScaby: created a info first draft

{{refimprove|date=August 2023}}
{{No plot|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rukmini
| image = Rukmini (film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Jonnada Ramana Murthy
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Vineeth]]
*[[Preetha Vijayakumar|Rukmini]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Ram Pinisetty
| editing =
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1997|9|18|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rukmini (1997) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BIPL/info |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Rukmini''''' is a 1997 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]] and starring [[Vineeth]] and [[Preetha Vijayakumar]] (credited as Rukmini). The film is a remake of the Kannada film ''[[Panchama Veda (film)|Panchama Veda]]'' (1990), by [[P. H. Vishwanath]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vineeth]] as Ravi
*[[Preetha Vijayakumar|Rukmini]] as Rukmini
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Dorababu
*[[Nagendra Babu]] as Bandababu
*[[Sridevi Vijayakumar]] as Sita, Rukmini's younger sister
*Sai Krishna as Kiran
*Vankayala Satyanarayana as Govinda Rao
*[[M. S. Narayana]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/abnarchievestorys-699731|title=ఎంఎస్ నారాయణ గురించి మీకు తెలియని ఆసక్తికర విషయాలు..|language=te|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715085347/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/abnarchievestorys-699731|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
*[[Rani (Tamil actress)|Raksha]] as Nurse
*[[Dasari Narayana Rao]] (special appearance)
}}

==Production==
[[Preetha Vijayakumar]] was offered the lead role in the film after being spotted when accompanying her mother, [[Manjula Vijayakumar]], to a film shoot in [[Hyderabad]] during her school holidays.<ref name="rukku">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm|title=1997-98 Kodambakkam babies Page: Part 2|date=24 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724022641/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm |archive-date=2012-07-24 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Giddaluru Gopala Rao from ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' wrote that "the whole film was done with aplomb".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1997/Oct/3-Oct-1997.pdf|title=Review (middle right)|pages=9,11|work=[[Zamin Ryot]]|date=3 October 1997}}</ref> A critic from ''Andhra Today'' wrote that "Pinisetty's direction, as expected, is good. But his good work alone may not be sufficient to make up for the lack of variety and entertainment glaringly evident in the film".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/RUKHMIN.htm|title=RUKMINI|work=Andhra Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980213002035/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/RUKHMIN.htm|archive-date=13 February 1998}}</ref>

The film became a profitable venture, with the success leading to the sale of ''Rukmini''-branded clothes.<ref name="rukku"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ravi Raja Pinisetty}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:1997 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Kannada films]]

Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-25T04:28:26Z

AntoineScaby: New

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Manipur}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = ({{langx|mni|Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Lamlak-ki Saa-Ngaa Ngaak Senpham}})
| iucn_category = IV
| coordinates = {{coords|24.32|94.23|display=title,inline}}
| map = India Manipur#India
| relief = yes
| mapframe = Yes
| image = Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles UP by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSC 8697 (5).jpg
| image_caption = [[Purple Sapphire]] (''[[Heliophorus epicles]]'') in the Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary, [[Manipur]]
| location = [[Chandel district]], [[Manipur]]
| nearest_city = [[Imphal]]
| area_km2 = 184.80
| established = {{start date and age|1989}}
| governing_body = [[Government of Manipur]]
| image_size =
}}
'''Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary''' ({{langx|mni|Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Lamlak-ki Saa-Ngaa Ngaak Senpham}}) is an [[Indo-Burma]] wildlife sanctuary in [[Chandel district]] of [[Manipur]]. It is in the [[Indo-Myanmar border]] about 110 km from [[Imphal]]. It has an area of 184.80 square kilometers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YQ8EAAAQBAJ&dq=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary&pg=PA108|title=Ecotourism Development Ventures in Manipur: Green Skill Development and Livelihood Mission|last=Singh|first=Arambam Sanatomba|date=2021-06-18|publisher=Walnut Publication|isbn=978-93-91145-59-0|language=en|pages=107}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCstDwAAQBAJ&q=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary+chandel+district&pg=PA93|title=WILDLIFE BIOLOGY : AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE|last1=SAHA|first1=GOUTAM KUMAR|last2=MAZUMDAR|first2=SUBHENDU|date=2017-07-01|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-5313-8|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hAEyEAAAQBAJ&q=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary+chandel+184.80&pg=PA50|title=Challenges of Climate Change in Manipur: Strategies and Action Plans|last=Singh|first=Arambam Sanatomba|date=2021-01-04|publisher=Walnut Publication|isbn=978-1-954399-41-9|language=en}}</ref>

The ecosystem of this wildlife sanctuary is unique and vibrant. It represents the [[Indo-Burma|Indo-Myanmar biological diversity (Indo-Burma)]]. It is because of the strategic location of the wildlife sanctuary in the [[meeting point]] of the two major geographical zones, [[India]] and [[Myanmar]] ([[Burma]]).<ref name="Singh 108">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YQ8EAAAQBAJ&dq=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary&pg=PA108|title=Ecotourism Development Ventures in Manipur: Green Skill Development and Livelihood Mission|last=Singh|first=Arambam Sanatomba|date=2021-06-18|publisher=Walnut Publication|isbn=978-93-91145-59-0|language=en|pages=108}}</ref>

== History ==
Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary was established in the year 1989.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_idDwAAQBAJ&q=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary+1989&pg=PT302|title=Biodiversity and Conservation: Characterization and Utilization of Plants, Microbes and Natural Resources for Sustainable Development and Ecosystem Management|last1=Sangeetha|first1=Jeyabalan|last2=Thangadurai|first2=Devarajan|last3=Ching|first3=Goh Hong|last4=Islam|first4=Saher|date=2019-04-30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-75906-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o-HDwAAQBAJ&q=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary+chandel+1984&pg=PA77|title=General Knowledge of Northeast India: For All Psc and Competitive Exams|last=Ghosh|first=Joydeep|date=2019-02-28|publisher=Educreation Publishing|language=en}}</ref>

== Fauna ==
[[File:Western hoolock gibbon.jpg|thumb|[[Hoolock gibbon]] hanging on a tree branch.]]
[[Hoolock gibbon]] ({{langx|mni|"Yongmoo" or "Yongmu"}}) is the only [[ape]] species found in [[India]]. It lives in this wildlife sanctuary. Others include wild bear ({{langx|mni|Lamlakki Sawom}}), [[Himalayan Black Bear]] ({{langx|mni|Himalayagi Amuba Sawom}}), [[Malayan Sun Bear]] ({{langx|mni|Malayagi Numit Sawom}}), [[Slow loris]] ({{langx|mni|"Yong Ikaithibi"}}) or ({{langx|mni|"Loudraubi"}}), [[Stump-tailed macaque]], [[Serow]], Indian [[Civet|Civet cat]], [[Eurasian otter|Common otter (Eurasian otter)]], [[pangolin]], leopard ({{langx|mni|Kabokkei}}). Sometimes, elephants ({{langx|mni|Shamu}}) also migrated from the [[Indo-Myanmar border]].<ref name="Singh 108"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvn3DQAAQBAJ&q=yangoupokpi-lokchao+wildlife+sanctuary+clouded+leopard+malayan+sun+Bear+golden+cat+rare+elusive&pg=PA74|title=Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future|last1=K.P|first1=Laladhas|last2=Oommen|first2=Oommen V.|last3=P.R|first3=Sudhakaran|date=2015-03-06|publisher=Bentham Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-68108-021-5|language=en}}</ref>

== Visiting seasons ==
The best season to visit the sanctuary is from October to April. The best time to visit is during the early morning.<ref name="Singh 108"/>

== Rest houses ==
There are some rest houses in and around the sanctuary. These are: (1) Forest Rest House, Moreh, (2) Indo-Myanmar Trade Center Rest House, Moreh, (3) Transit Camp at Wildlife Office, Moreh.<ref name="Singh 108"/>

== See also ==
* [[Imphal Peace Museum]]
* [[INA War Museum]]
* [[Kakching Garden]]
* [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]] - world's only floating national park in Manipur, India
* [[Khonghampat Orchidarium]]
* [[Loktak Folklore Museum]]
* [[Manipur State Museum]]
* [[Manipur Zoological Garden]]
* [[Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests]]
* [[Phumdi]] - Floating biomasses in Manipur, India
* [[Sekta Archaeological Living Museum]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/yangoupokpi--lokchao-wildlife-sanctuary-iba-india Yangoupokpi - Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary - datazone.birdlife.org]
* [http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Yangoupokpi_Lokchao_Wild_life_Sanctuary_An_important_data_deficient_IBA_of_Manipur Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wild life Sanctuary - e-pao.net]
* [https://www.ifp.co.in/5601/sounds-of-wildlife-no-longer-heard-at-yangoupokpi-lokchao-in-tengnoupal ‘Sounds of wildlife no longer heard at Yangoupokpi Lokchao in Tengnoupal’ - www.ifp.co.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107172935/https://www.ifp.co.in/5601/sounds-of-wildlife-no-longer-heard-at-yangoupokpi-lokchao-in-tengnoupal |date=2022-01-07 }}
* [https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/2/11/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Feb-10-The-team-of-journalists-camping-at-Tamenglong-as-a-part-of-Know-Your-Sanctuaries-and-Wetlands-media-campaign-have-come-across-signs-at-Yangoupokpi-Lokchao-Wil.html Yangoupokpi sanctuary under threat - www.thesangaiexpress.com]
* [http://kanglaonline.com/2013/11/yangoupokpilokchao-wildlife-sanctuary/?amp Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary - kanglaonline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521192425/http://kanglaonline.com/2013/11/yangoupokpilokchao-wildlife-sanctuary/?amp |date=2022-05-21 }}

[[Category:Protected areas of Manipur]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of India]]
[[Category:Chandel district]]

Central University of Tamil Nadu

2026-02-22T15:00:37Z

AntoineScaby: adjust citations additionally and fixed typos for accuracy

{{Short description|Central university in Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Central University of Tamil Nadu
| image = Logo Central University of Tamil Nadu.png
| image_size =
| motto = ''Relentless pursuit of excellence''
| established = {{start date and age|2009}}
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| chancellor = [[Afin]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Jaya Krishnan<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 July 2021|title=President Ram Nath Kovind approves appointments of vice chancellors of 12 central universities: Ministry of education|work=[[The Times of India]] 13:29 IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-ram-nath-kovind-approves-appointments-of-vice-chancellors-of-12-central-universities-ministry-of-education/articleshow/84671693.cms|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
| head_label = [[Visitor]]
| head = [[President of India]]
| faculty = 161<ref name="NIRF 2022 Data"/>
| students = 2,100<ref name="NIRF 2022 Data">{{cite web|title=Central University of Tamil Nadu Data for NIRF'2022'|url=https://cutn.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Data_for_NIRF_2022_Central_University_of_Tamil_Nadu.pdf|publisher=Central University of Tamil Nadu}}</ref>
| undergrad = 234<ref name="NIRF 2022 Data"/>
| postgrad = 1,568<ref name="NIRF 2022 Data"/>
| doctoral = 298<ref name="NIRF 2022 Data"/>
| city = [[Thiruvarur]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8162438|N|79.6143371|E|type:edu_region:IN-TN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Rural
| language = English
| website = {{URL|https://cutn.ac.in/}}
|}}

[[File:Cutn image 17.JPG|alt=wide image of admin block,cutn|thumb|Administrative Block]]

'''Central University of Tamil Nadu''' ('''CUTN''') is a [[Central university (India)|Central University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/centralniversitylist.aspx?id=31&Unitype=1|title=Central University Tamil Nadu|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> located in [[Thiruvarur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India, and Prof. M. Krishnan is the Vice-Chancellor of this Central University, which now has over 2,000 students in 27 Departments under 12 Schools. CUTN was ranked in the 51–100 band among universities in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022.

==History==
CUTN was established by the [[Government of India]] in 2009 under the ''Central Universities Act, 2009''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Universities Act, 2009|url=http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/India/India_Central_universities_act_2009.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department)|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100602/http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/India/India_Central_universities_act_2009.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was inaugurated in September 2009 and [[B. P. Sanjay]] was appointed the first [[Vice-chancellor|Vice-Chancellor]] (V-C).<ref>{{cite news |title=Karunanidhi to inaugurate Central University at Tiruvarur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Karunanidhi-to-inaugurate-Central-University-at-Tiruvarur/article16880525.ece |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2009-09-10 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Aditya Prasad Dash was appointed as the V-C in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=VC hailed for transforming varsity into centre of excellence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/vc/article32328602.ece |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2020-08-11 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

[[G. Padmanabhan]] replaced [[V. Krishnamurthy]] as the [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] in July 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=K. Sambath |title=Former IISc director G Padmanabhan appointed CUTN chancellor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/former-iisc-director-g-padmanabhan-appointed-cutn-chancellor/articleshow/65027750.cms |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Karpaga Kumaravel replaced Aditya Prasad Dash as acting V-C in August 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=K. Sambath |title=Karpaga Kumaravel assumes office as CUTN vice-chancellor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/karpaga-kumaravel-assumes-office-as-cutn-vice-chancellor/articleshow/77375277.cms |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Prof. M. Krishnan joined as new regular V-C of CUTN on 6 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vice Chancellor - CUTN|url=https://cutn.ac.in/vc/|url-status=live|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902013732/http://cutn.ac.in/vc/ |archive-date=2 September 2018 }}</ref> With eight students in M.A. English Studies, the university started functioning in November 2009. Now, it offers over 60 programmes. CUTN is spread across 516.76 acres in Thiruvarur.

CUTN had its Academic Campus in the Neelakudi village of Thiruvarur and its Residential Campus in the Nagakudi village. It also has a Community College that offers Certificate, Diploma and Degree programmes.
==List of Schools==
* School of Basic and Applied Sciences
* School of Behavioural Sciences
* School of Commerce and Business Management
* School of Communication
* School of Earth Sciences
* School of Education and Training
* School of Integrative Biology
* School of Mathematics and Computer Science
* School of Performing Arts and Fine Arts
* School of Social Sciences and Humanities
* School of Technology
* School of Life Sciences
* School of Legal Studies

==List of Departments==
* Department of Biotechnology
* Department of Physics
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of English Studies
* Department of Tamil
* Department of Economics
* Department of Social Work
* Department of Hindi
* Department of History
* Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
* Department of Microbiology
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Computer Science
* Department of Applied Psychology
* Department of Commerce
* Department of Management
* Department of Media and Communication
* Department of Library and Information Science
* Department of Education
* Department of Materials Science
* Department of Music
* Department of Law
* Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics
* Department of Horticulture
* Department of Tourism and Hospital Management
* Department of Geography
* Department of Geology

==Ranking==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and college
|NIRF_U_2024=99}}

CUTN was ranked 99th among universities in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Central University of Tamil Nadu}}
* {{official|http://cutn.ac.in}}

{{IndianCentralUniv}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Central University of Tamil Nadu| ]]
[[Category:Central universities in India]]
[[Category:Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}

Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur

2026-02-12T23:00:32Z

AntoineScaby: added references

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{inline|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur
| image = Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur and his Attendant.png
| caption = Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur and his attendant
| alt =
| succession = 3rd [[List of monarchs of Sindh#Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 AD)#Manikani Talpurs of Mirpur Khas|Mir of Mirpur Khas]]
| reign = 1829 – 24 March 1843
| cor-type =
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Ali Murad Talpur|Ali Murad Khan Talpur]]
| successor = ''Position abolished''
| issue =
| house = [[Talpur dynasty|Manikani]]
| dynasty = [[Talpur dynasty|Talpur]]
| father = [[Ali Murad Talpur|Ali Murad Khan Talpur]]
| mother =
| birth_date = 1810
| birth_place = [[Mirpur Khas]], [[Sind State]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1874|8|24|1810}}
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
}}

'''Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur''' was the last Mir of Mirpur Khas who belonged to the Manikani house of the [[Talpur dynasty]]. The son of [[Ali Murad Talpur|Mir Ali Murad Talpur]], the founder of [[Mirpur Khas]], he ascended the throne in 1829 and held onto it until he was defeated in the [[Battle of Hyderabad]] in 1843.

After becoming ruler of the Talpur dynasty, his reign saw a conflict with the [[East India Company|British East India Company]], who launched an invasion of the province of [[Sindh]] under the auspices of General [[Charles James Napier]], aiming to annex the entire region. On 24 March 1843, troops under his command fought against a [[Presidency armies|Company force]] in the [[Battle of Hyderabad]]; the British emerged victorious, and captured the city of [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]] soon after. Talpur then retreated into the countryside, where forces loyal to him and equipped largely with [[musket]]s waged a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla campaign]] against the British, whose efforts to counter this led Napier to coin the word "[[counterinsurgency]]". He eventually died on 24 August 1874.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

==References==

{{reflist}}
* {{Cite book|first=Parveen|last=Talpur|title=Talpur Rule in Sindh|publisher=[[Ferozsons]]|year=2002|isbn=978-9690017574|location=[[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]|ref=Talpur2002}}
* {{Cite book|first=Mumtaz Husain|last=Pathan|title=Talpurs in Sindh, 1783-1843|publisher=Endowment Fund Trust for Preservation of the Heritage of Sindh|year=2017|isbn=978-9699860119|location=[[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]|ref=Pathan2017}}

==External links==
*[https://talpur.org/royaltalpurs/mirpur-khas/hhmsmt/" "Sher-i-Sindh" by Mir Atta Muhammad Talpur"]
*[https://talpur.org/msmkt/ "Mir Sher Muhammad Khan Mankani" by Mir Muhammad Bukhsh Khan Talpur]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Talpur, Mir Sher Muhammad khan talpur}}
[[Category:Nawabs of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Baloch people]]
[[Category:People from Mirpur Khas District]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1874 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Talpur dynasty]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian royalty]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Atala Mosque, Jaunpur

2026-02-12T18:54:13Z

AntoineScaby: put up initial article w/ refs.

{{Short description|Mosque in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Atala Mosque
| image = Details of the central pishtaq and side pishtaq, Atala Masjid, Jaunpur.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption = Main [[pishtaq]] leading into the [[iwan]] of the mosque
| location = [[Shahi Qila, Jaunpur|Shahi Qila fort]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| geo = {{coord|25|45|9.54|N|82|41|26.22|E|region:IN-UP_type:landmark|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| rite =
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]|[[Jaunpur Sultanate|Sharqi]]}}
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking = 1376 [[Common Era|CE]]
| year_completed = 1408 CE
| construction_cost =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max = {{cvt|30|m}}
| dome_quantity = One {{small|(maybe more)}}
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
}}

The '''Atala Mosque''', also known as the '''Atala Masjid''', is a 15th-century [[mosque]] in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It was originally known as the '''Atala Devi Temple''', a [[Hindu temple|mandir]] dedicated to the Atala Devi goddess until it was destroyed in 1377 by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] who built the mosque over the ruins of the temple.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87k0AwAAQBAJ |title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-396-7 |language=en}}</ref>

The mosque is situated {{convert|300|m|yd}} from [[Shahi Qila, Jaunpur|Shahi Qila]] (English: Royal Fort); {{convert|1|km|yd}} from the [[Jama Mosque, Jaunpur|Jama Mosque]]; {{convert|2.2|km}} north-northeast of Jaunpur; {{convert|7.3|km}} northwest of [[Zafarabad, India|Zafarābād]]; {{convert|16.8|km}} north-northeast of [[Mariahu|Mariāhū]]; and {{convert|26.3|km}} west-northwest of [[Kerakat|Kirākat]].<ref>[http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=25.7525,82.690278&z=11&t=M&marker0=25.7525,82.690278,Atala%20Masjid,%20Jaunpur ACME MApper]</ref>

== Architecture ==
[[William Hodges]] sketched the mosque when he visited Jaunpur, and included the skitch in his book ''Selected Views in India, Drawn on the Spot, in the Years 1780, 1781, 1782 and 1783, and Executed in Aqua Tinta''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A View of a Musjid, i.e. Tomb at Jionpoor {{!}} Works of Art {{!}} RA Collection |publisher=[[Royal Academy of Arts]] |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/a-view-of-a-musjid-i-e-tomb-at-jionpoor |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.royalacademy.org.uk}}</ref><ref>[http://www.endorphyn.com/indiafestmenyek/album2/slides/jaunpur.html India a modern idők elött]{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

The entire mosque covers a square of {{Convert|78.5|m|ft}} on each side.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&dq=%22Atala%20Masjid%22&pg=PA37 |title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6 |pages=37 |language=en}}</ref> There are three huge gateways for the entrance. The height of the mosque is more than {{convert|100|ft|m|order=flip}}, and the total perimeter is {{convert|248|ft|m|order=flip}}. The central dome is almost {{convert|17|m}} above the ground, but cannot be seen from the front because of the tall {{convert|23|m|adj=on}} tower.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Percy |url=http://archive.org/details/indianarchitectu0000perc_x9m9 |title=Indian Architecture (Islamic Period) |date=1968 |publisher=Taraporevala's Treasure House of Books |others=Internet Archive |pages=41–43 |chapter=Provincial Style. The Mosques of Jaunpur (cir. A.D. 1360 to cir. 1480)}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
William_Hodges_-_A_View_of_a_Musjd,_i.e.,_Tomb_at_Jionpoor_(Jaunpur)_-_B1978.43.1728_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg|Original wash drawing
Atala_mosque_at_Jaunpur,_Uttar_Pradesh._Coloured_etching_by_Wellcome_V0050447.jpg|Coloured etching
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Michell, George (ed). Architecture of the Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning. London: Thames and Hudson, 272.
* Nath, R. 1978. History of Sultanate Architecture. New Delhi, Abhinav Publications, 98-100.
* Williams, John A. and Caroline. 1980. Architecture of Muslim India. Set 4: The Sultanate of Jaunpur about 1360-1480. Santa Barbara, California: Visual Education, Inc.

==External links==
{{commons category|Atala Masjid }}
* [http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/jaunpur/atala8_e.htm ATALA MASJID/JAUNPUR]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100616070819/http://imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=4339 Legacy of the Sharqi Kingdom of Jaunpur]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1400_1499/jaunpur/atala/atala.html Columbia edu article]

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:15th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1408]]
[[Category:Mosques in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1400s]]
[[Category:Sharqi architecture]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]

Ziziphus mauritiana

2026-02-12T01:54:38Z

AntoineScaby: minor update

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Redirect|Ber}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Indian jujube (fruit).jpg
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author1=Ye, J. |author2=Qin, h. |author3=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) |author4=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |name-list-style=amp |title=''Ziziphus mauritiana'' |article-number=e.T147482710A147637366 |year=2019 |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref>
|genus = Ziziphus
|species = mauritiana
|authority = [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]
}}

'''''Ziziphus mauritiana''''', also known as '''Indian jujube''',<ref name = "HORT"/> '''Indian plum''',<ref name = "HORT"/> '''Chinese date''',<ref name = "HORT"/> '''Chinee apple''',<ref name = "Chinee">{{cite web |title=Chinee Apple |publisher=The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries |url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/8b50de66-f425-4df4-b901-f8f692783717/chinee-apple.pdf?ETag=4f069883face2cf46f8b982248387db5 |access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref> '''ber''' ({{langx|hi|बेर}})<ref name = "HORT"/> and '''dunks''',<ref name = "HORT"/> is a [[tropical]], spiny, [[evergreen]] [[shrub]] or small tree in the buckthorn family [[Rhamnaceae]]. It is often confused with the closely related [[jujube|Chinese jujube]] (''Z. jujuba''): ''Z. mauritiana'' is common is tropical and subtropical climates, while ''Z. jujuba'' prefers temperate climates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Datasheet: Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) |first=N |last=Pasiecznik |date=2007-08-15 |website=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI Compendium]] |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57556 |access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref>

The plant grows vigorously up to {{convert|12|m|ft}} high, with a trunk {{convert|30|cm|in}} or more in diameter. It has a spreading [[Crown (botany)|crown]] with [[Stipule|stipular]] spines and drooping branches. The fruit is oval, [[obovate]], oblong or round, and can be {{convert|2.5|-|6|cm|in}} long depending on the variety, having smooth, light green skin when unripe, turning yellow and then reddish brown as it ripens.

==Origin and Distribution==
The species is believed to be native to [[South Asia]], southern [[China]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Central Africa|Central]] and [[West Africa]]. It has been introduced to the tropical regions of the [[Americas]], and is now widely naturalised throughout the [[Old World]] tropics from [[Southern Africa]] through the [[Middle East]] to [[South Asia]] and [[China]], into [[Australasia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]].<ref name="PIER">{{cite web |title=Ziziphus mauritiana |website=[[Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk]] |date=2008-01-15 |url=http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ziziphus_mauritiana.htm |access-date=2009-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=''Ziziphus mauritiana'' Lam. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719349-1 |website=powo.science.kew.org |access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref><ref name ="jules">{{cite book |editor1-last=Janick |editor1-first=Jules |editor2-last=Paull |editor2-first=Robert E. |title= The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International#Publishing|CABI Publishing]] |date=March 2008 |pages= 617–619 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&q=Indian%20Jujube%20nutritional%20value&pg=PA617 |access-date=2009-07-17 |isbn=978-0-85199-638-7 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> While the Rhamnaceae family contains many [[Nitrogen fixation|nitrogen-fixing]] species,<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Nitrogen Fixing Trees? (NFTA 89-03) |website=[[Winrock International]] Forestry and Natural Resource Management Program |publisher=Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association |date=September 1989 |url=https://winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/ziziphus-mauritiana-a-valuable-tree-for-arid-and-semi-arid-lands/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228093335/https://winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/ziziphus-mauritiana-a-valuable-tree-for-arid-and-semi-arid-lands/ }}</ref> ''Z. mauritiana'' can form dense stands and become invasive in some areas, including [[Fiji]] and [[Australia]], where it has become a serious environmental weed.<ref name = "Chinee"/>

The species name ''mauritiana'' likely references the island of [[Mauritius]], despite the species not being native there, due to trade routes or the movement of plant specimens through the region during the 18th century when Mauritius was an important colonial hub. In taxonomy, newly described species were historically often associated with the nearest or most significant landmasses known at the time of discovery, rather than the exact location where the species was found.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

== Botany ==
[[File:Zizyphus mauritiana tree.jpg|thumb|right|Tree in Queensland, Australia]]
{{nutritionalvalue
| name = Indian jujube (Ber) - Fresh Fruit
| kJ = 244.76
| protein = 0.8 g
| fat = 0.07 g
| carbs = 17 g
| sugars = 5.4-10.5 g
| fibre = 0.60 g
| thiamin_mg = 0.022
| riboflavin_mg = 0.029
| niacin_mg = 0.78
| iron_mg = 1.1
| phosphorus_mg = 26.8
| calcium_mg = 25.6
| water = 81.6-83.0 g
| source_usda = 1
| note = <ref name = "HORT">{{cite book |title=Fruits of Warm Climates |first=Julia F. |last=Morton |author-link=Julia Morton |year=1987 |publisher=Creative Resources Systems |location=Miami |isbn=0-9610184-1-0 |pages=272–275 |url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/indian_jujube.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |via=[[Purdue University#College of Agriculture|Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture]]'s Center for New Crops & Plant Products}}</ref>
}}
''Ziziphus mauritiana'' has a rapidly developing taproot, a necessary adaptation to drought conditions. The species varies widely in height, from a bushy shrub {{convert|1.5|-|2|m|ft}} tall, to a tree {{convert|10|-|12|m|ft}} tall with a trunk diameter of about {{convert|30|cm|in}}. ''Z. mauritiana'' may be erect or wide-spreading, with gracefully drooping thorny branches and zigzag branchlets, with short, sharp straight or hooked thorns; some varieties are thornless.<ref name="GISD">{{cite web |title=Ziziphus mauritiana |work=[[Global Invasive Species Database]] |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |url=http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=214 |access-date=2023-02-27}}</ref>

The leaves are alternate and ovate or oblong-elliptic in shape with rounded apices, with three main longitudinal veins originating from the [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The size of the leaves ranges from {{convert|2.5|-|6.3|cm|in}} long and {{convert|2|-|4|cm|in}} wide. The upperside (adaxial surface) of the leaves is dark-green and smooth, while the underside (abaxial surface) is covered with hairs.<ref name="Dubey2024">{{cite journal |last1=Dubey |first1=Mahesh C. |last2=Mohanta |first2=Dambarudhar |title=Coexisting superhydrophobicity and superadhesion features of Ziziphus mauritiana abaxial leaf surface with possibility of biomimicking using electrospun microfibers |journal=Physics of Fluids |date=2024 |volume=36 |issue=1 |publisher=AIP Publishing |doi=10.1063/5.0181554}}</ref>

The flowers are tiny and yellow with five petals, located on leaf axils. They open fully in the early morning or later in the day, depending on the cultivar. Fertilisation relies on cross-pollination by insects attracted by the odour and nectar. Pollination is done by [[Honey bee|honeybees]], wasps (''[[Polistes]]'' sp.) and [[Housefly|houseflies]].<ref name="AFTD"/> Due to the [[protandrous]] nature of the flowers, the trees cannot reliably self-pollinate. The unpleasant scent of the flowers is caused by [[skatole]], a volatile organic compound released at high concentrations at [[anthesis]].

[[File:Ziziphus mauritiana fruit.jpg|thumb|Fruits at various stages of ripeness, with cracked pit showing the two seeds]]
This fast-growing tree bears fruit within three years. The [[fruit]] is an oval, obovate, round or oblong [[drupe]] that measures {{convert|2.5|cm|in}} diameter, though in some [[Cultivar|cultivars]] it can measure up to {{convert|6|cm|in}} long and {{convert|4|cm|in}} wide. When unripe, the skin is light green in colour while the flesh is white and crispy, with a bland, sour or slightly sweet flavour. The ripe fruit has a pleasant aroma and a soft, juicy and somewhat mealy texture, with wrinkled skin and a sweet-sour taste. Overripe fruits are more wrinkled, and the flesh becomes soft, spongy and buff-coloured with a musky scent. Each fruit contains an oval or oblate rough pit, containing one or two ellipsoid red-brown kernels, each measuring {{convert|6|mm|in}} long.<ref>Indian jujube a potential fruit tree to improve the livelihood (2023) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10440574/</ref>

==Ecology==
This hardy tree can withstand extreme temperatures and thrives in rather dry or water-logged conditions with an annual rainfall of {{convert|125|-|2225|mm|in}}. In [[Fiji]], naturalised trees grow along roadsides and on agricultural land, usually near sea level but occasionally up to an elevation of {{convert|600|m|ft}}. It also grows well on laterite soils with good drainage, or sandy, gravelly, alluvial soil of dry riverbeds. In [[Australia]], this species grows on a wide variety of soil types, including cracking clays, solodic soils and deep alluvials, in tropical and subtropical areas with an average annual rainfall of {{convert|470|-|1200|mm|in}}. In the drier parts of this range, it grows best in [[riparian]] zones.<ref name="GISD"/><ref>The Biology of Australian Weeds
39. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (2002) https://caws.org.nz/PPQ1617/PPQ%2017-1%20pp002-11%20Grice.pdf</ref> Commercial cultivation usually extends up to {{convert|1000|m|ft}}. Above this elevation, the trees do not grow well, and cultivation becomes less economical.<ref name="AFTD">{{citation |first1=Caleb |last1=Orwa |first2=Anthony |last2=Mutua |first3=Roeland |last3=Kindt |first4=Ramni |last4=Jamnadass |first5=Anthony |last5=Simons |title=Ziziphus mauritiana {{!}} The AgroforesTree Database: a tree reference and selection guide |edition=version 4.0 |publisher=[[World Agroforestry Centre]] |date=2009 |url=http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Ziziphus_mauritiana.PDF |access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref>

While this species can withstand extreme conditions, it is more widespread in areas with an annual rainfall of {{convert|300|-|500|mm|in}}. In [[China]] and [[India]], it grows wild up to an elevation of {{convert|1650|m|ft}}. The minimum temperature for survival is {{convert|7|C|F}} and the maximum is {{convert|50|C|F}}. Studies report that this species flourishes in alkaline soils with a pH as high as 9.2. However, deep sandy loam to loamy soils with neutral or slightly alkaline pH are considered optimum for growth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ziziphus mauritiana – A Valuable Tree for Arid and Semi-arid Lands (FACT Sheet 98-03) |website=[[Winrock International]] Forestry and Natural Resource Management Program |publisher=Forest, Farm, and Community Tree Network |date=July 1998 |url=https://winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/ziziphus-mauritiana-a-valuable-tree-for-arid-and-semi-arid-lands/ |access-date=2009-07-17 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124121206/https://winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/ziziphus-mauritiana-a-valuable-tree-for-arid-and-semi-arid-lands/ }}</ref>{{additional citations needed|date=September 2025}}

==Propagation==
Propagation is best done by seed, [[grafting]] or [[Cutting (plant)|cuttings]]. The seeds are spread by birds, livestock, feral pigs, humans and other mammals. Seeds may remain viable for over two years, but the germination rate decreases with age.<ref name="HORT"/> Cross-incompatibility occurs, and [[cultivar]]s have to be matched for good fruit set; some cultivars produce good crops parthenocarpically.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In India, there are 90 or more cultivars varying in growth habit, leaf shape, fruiting season, and fruit form, size, colour, flavour and storage quality. Among the important cultivars, 11 are described in the encyclopaedic ''Wealth of India'': ''Banarasi'' (or ''Banarsi'') ''Pewandi'', ''Dandan'', ''Kaithli'' (''Patham''), ''Muria Mahrara'', ''Narikelee'', ''Nazuk'', ''Sanauri 1'', ''Sanauri 5'', ''Thornless'' and ''Umran'' (''Umri''). Most of the cultivars have smooth and greenish-yellow to yellow skin.<ref name="HORT"/>

Seeds still in their pits need to be stored for 21–28 days to allow [[Seed_dormancy#Physiological_dormancy|after-ripening]] before planting. To stimulate faster germination, pits are placed in a 17–18% salt solution and all that float are discarded. The pits that sink are dipped in 500 [[Parts per million|ppm]] [[thiourea]] for four hours and then cracked, and the separated seeds can germinate in seven days.<ref name = "HORT"/>

Seedlings respond poorly to transplanting, so the seeds are best sown directly in the ground. Seedlings grown from wild seeds can be converted into improved [[Cultivar|cultivars]] by top-working and [[grafting]]. Nurseries are used for large-scale seedling and graft production. The seedlings grow best in full sunlight, and need to grow for as long as 15 months in the nursery before planting in the field.<ref name="AFTD"/>

Scientists in India have standardised propagation techniques for plant establishment. Budding is the easiest method to [[Vegetative reproduction|vegetatively propagate]] improved [[Cultivar|cultivars]]. with ring-budding and shield-budding being the most successful methods. Wild species are usually used as [[rootstock]], the most common being ''Z. rotundifolia'' in India and ''Z. spina-christi'' in Africa.<ref name="HORT"/>

==Cultivation and Uses==
''Ziziphus mauritiana'' is widely grown in both its native and introduced ranges, mainly for its fruit. The main producing regions of ''Z. mauritiana'' fruit are the arid and semi arid areas of [[India]]. The crop is also grown in [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Vietnam]], the [[Caribbean]] and parts of [[Africa]]. From 1984 to 1995, with improved [[Cultivar|cultivars]], 0.9 million tonnes of fruit were produced on a land area of {{convert|88,000|ha|acre}}. A tree in northern India can yield {{convert|80|-|200|kg|lb}} of fresh fruit per year in its prime bearing age of 10–20 years.<ref name="jules"/>

[[File:TaoTa ZiziphusMauritiana.JPG|thumb|Unripe fruit in Vietnam, cut to show the pit in the middle]]
The fruit is eaten raw, used in beverages or made into preserves. It is rich in [[vitamin C]], second only to [[guava]], and much higher than citrus fruits and apples.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bâ |first1=A.M. |last2=Guissou |first2=T. |last3=Thioye |first3=B. |last4=Duponnois |first4=R. |last5=Fall |first5=F. |last6=Sylla |first6=S.N. |date=September 2023 |title=Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a key factor to domesticate ''Ziziphus mauritiana'' Lam. in orchards |journal=South African Journal of Botany |volume=160 |pages=166–179 |doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2023.06.047 |bibcode=2023SAJB..160..166B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abdel-Sattar |first1=Mahmoud |last2=Almutairi |first2=Khalid F. |last3=Al-Saif |first3=Adel M. |last4=Ahmed |first4=Khaled A. |date=June 2021 |title=Fruit properties during the harvest period of eleven Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=3424–3432 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.006 |pmid=34121881 |pmc=8176135 |bibcode=2021SJBS...28.3424A }}</ref> The unripe fruit is eaten much like an apple, sometimes with a little salt. In India, the ripe fruits are consumed raw or cooked, while slightly underripe fruits are candied. Ripe fruits can be made into a drink, or preserved by sun-drying and ground into powder.

The leaves are used to make an infusion in [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Daun Bidara, Ini Manfaat dan Cara Mengonsumsinya |url=https://www.alodokter.com/daun-bidara-kenali-kandungan-dan-ragam-manfaatnya-untuk-kesehatan |website=alodokter.com |date=8 October 2023 |language=Indonesian |location=Indonesia |publisher=Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia |access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref> In [[Venezuela]], fruits are made into a [[liqueur]] called ''crema de ponsigue''. Seed kernels are eaten in times of famine. The leaves are also eaten by camels, cattle and goats.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heuzé |first1=V |last2=Tran |first2=G |last3=Boval |first3=M |last4=Lebas |first4=F |year=2017 |title=Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) |work=Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO |url= https://www.feedipedia.org/node/80}}</ref><ref name = "HORT"/>

In India and [[Queensland|Queensland, Australia]], the flowers are a source of nectar for honeybees. The honey is golden amber in colour with a malty, earthy flavour.

The timber is hard, strong, fine-grained, fine-textured, durable and reddish in colour, used in a wide variety of applications including boat ribs, agricultural tools and footwear.<ref name = "HORT"/> The wood is also used as fuel in many areas. In tropical Africa, the flexible branches are wrapped as retaining bands around conical thatched roofs of huts, and are twined together to form thorny corral walls to retain livestock.

[[File:Zizyphus mauritiana bark.jpg|250px|thumb|upright|Bark]]

Traditional remedies using ''Z. mauritiana'' address a wide range of ailments, particularly in India where the plant is commonly known as ''ber''. To treat rheumatism, a [[poultice]] made from leaves, roots and ''[[Senna auriculata]]'' roots is applied to the affected area. Chronic coughs are treated with bark paste fried in [[ghee]] and taken with a small amount of rock salt, while vomiting is treated by consuming root-bark powder mixed with rice-washing water. Leaf juice is gently applied around the eyes for eye disorders and is also used in hair care, where a paste of ''ber'', amla (''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]'') and neem (''[[Azadirachta indica]]'') leaves is applied to the scalp. For wounds, pimples, acne, abscesses, boils and carbuncles, a poultice of leaves is applied topically. Indigestion is treated by taking root paste orally, while dried leaf powder is traditionally used to manage [[diabetes]]. A decoction of the leaves is used as a hair wash, in addition to a diuretic to manage fluid retention, [[oedema]], [[sciatica]], [[kidney stones]], lymphatic swelling, [[glaucoma]] and liver disorders. For diarrhoea, powdered dried fruit is taken with water, and for dysentery, leaf juices from ''[[Kalanchoe pinnata|patharchatta]]'', ''[[Syzygium cumini|jamun]]'' and ''ber'' are taken together.<ref name = "HORT"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prakash |first1=Om |last2=Usmani |first2=Shazia |last3=Singh |first3=Ruchi |last4=Singh |first4=Namrata |last5=Gupta |first5=Amresh |last6=Ved |first6=Akash |title=A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, and therapeutic attributes of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: A comprehensive review |journal=Phytotherapy Research |date=January 2021 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=63–77 |doi=10.1002/ptr.6769 |pmid=32633009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alsayari |first1=Abdulrhman |last2=Wahab |first2=Shadma |title=Genus Ziziphus for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |date=December 2021 |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=6897–6914 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.076 |pmid=34866990 |pmc=8626254 |bibcode=2021SJBS...28.6897A }}</ref>

In [[West Bengal]], it is offered to [[Saraswati|Goddess Saraswati]] and people refrain from consuming the fruit before offering it to the goddess.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Basant Panchami 2022: Why Do Bengalis Refrain From Eating Ber (Jujube) Fruit Before Saraswati Puja |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/basant-panchami-2018-why-do-bengalis-refrain-from-eating-ber-jujube-fruit-before-saraswati-puja-1801717 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316051942/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/basant-panchami-2018-why-do-bengalis-refrain-from-eating-ber-jujube-fruit-before-saraswati-puja-1801717 |archive-date=2025-03-16 |access-date= |work=NDTV Food |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Season and Harvesting==
[[File:Ziziphus mauritiana (fruits sale).jpg|thumb|Ripe and unripe jujube fruits for sale at the Luangwa Bridge in [[Zambia]]]]
Plants are capable of seed production once they reach a height of about {{convert|1|m|ft}}. Wild-growing plants in northern Australia may take eight years to reach this size. A tree can produce 5,000–10,000 fruits a year if grown directly from seed, or up to 30,000 fruits if grafted.<ref name = "HORT"/>

In India, certain cultivars ripen as early as October, while others mature from mid-February to mid-March, in March, or from mid-March through April. In the [[Asyut Governorate]] of [[Egypt]], the tree bears fruit twice a year—the main crop in early spring and a second in autumn. Indian orchards typically require two or three hand-pickings from ladders, with a worker able to harvest about {{convert|50|kg|lb}} per day. Remaining fruits are shaken from the branches. After being wrapped in white cloth, the fruits are packed into paper-lined burlap sacks for transport to markets across the country.<ref name = "HORT"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Seed Leaflet No. 85 {{!}} ''Ziziphus mauritiana'' Lam. |first=Dorthe |last=Jøker |date=October 2003 |publisher=[[Danish International Development Agency]] Forest Seed Centre |url=https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Culture/Arbres-Fruitiers/FICHES_ARBRES/jujubier/ziziphus_mauritiana_85.pdf |access-date=2009-07-17}}</ref>

== Pests and Diseases ==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2021}}
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Fruit fly infested ber fruit.jpg
| image2 = Adult of ber fruit fly.jpg
| align = left
| caption1 = Fruit fly-infested fruit
| caption2 = Adult fruit fly on a leaf
}}
Fruit flies are the biggest threat to ''Z. mauritiana'' fruits. Some [[cultivar|cultivars]] are more susceptible than others—the flies prefer the largest, sweetest fruits, while a nearby tree bearing smaller, less-sweet fruits suffers little damage. Full-grown larvae exit the fruit by making holes in the skin, and then drop to the ground to form pupae. Control is possible by destroying the pupae with irrigation during summer or subjecting the soil to heat by burning grass, as well as regular application of insecticide.<ref name = "HORT"/>

Caterpillars, especially [[Limacodidae|slug moth]] larvae attack the foliage. [[Mite]]s form scale-like galls on twigs, limiting growth and reducing fruit production. Lesser pests include the larvae of ''[[Meridarchis scyrodes]]'', which bores into the fruit.

The tree is susceptible to infestation by the parasitic [[dodder]] ''[[Cuscuta reflexa]]'', which causes considerable damage by extracting nutrients from its host and smothering it.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Debarata |title=Host Diversity of ''Cuscuta reflexa'' Roxb. in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India |journal=International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology |date=June 2018 |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=2395–1052 |url=https://ijsart.com/public/storage/paper/pdf/IJSARTV4I624251.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Mirza Hakim |title=The Destructive Role of Cuscuta as a Parasite |journal= Pakistan Journal of Forestry |date=2002 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=127–129 |url=http://www.pfi.gov.pk/control_panel/pdf/06._The_destructive_role_of_Cuscuta_as_a_parasite.pdf |access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref> Powdery mildew causes defoliation and fruit-drop, but it can be adequately controlled.<ref name = "AFTD"/> Lesser diseases are [[Sooty mold|sooty mould]], [[Wood-decay fungus|brown rot]] and [[leaf spot]]. Leaf spot results from infestation by ''[[Cercospora]]'' spp. and ''[[Isariopsis|Isariopsis indica]]'' var. ''zizyphi''. In 1973, a [[Witch's broom|witches'-broom disease]] caused by a [[mycoplasma]]-like organism was found in ''ber'' plants near [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|Poona University]]. Grafting or budding diseased scions onto healthy ''Z. mauritiana'' seedlings was found to be the cause of transmission. Leaf rust, caused by ''[[Phakopsora|Phakopsora zizyphivulgaris]]'', ranges from mild to severe on all commercial cultivars in [[Punjab]].

In storage, the fruits are susceptible to fungal attack by several species, including ''[[Fusarium]]'' spp., ''[[Nigrospora oryzae]]'', ''[[Epicoccum nigrum]]'' and ''[[Glomerella cingulata]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ziziphus mauritiana}}
*[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ZIMAPLANTS Profile Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Indian jujube] at [[United States Department of Agriculture]]
*{{GRIN}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mohibbeazam |first1=M |last2=Waris |first2=A |last3=Nahar |first3=N |title=Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India |journal=Biomass and Bioenergy |date=October 2005 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.05.001 |bibcode=2005BmBe...29..293M }}
* {{cite report |last1=Branney |first1=Peter |first2=Yam B. |last2=Malla |first3=Basundhara |last3=Bhattarai |first4=Prayag R. |last4=Tamrakar |first5=Hari R. |last5=Neupane |first6=Nepal |last6=Kathmandu |date=2001 |title=Innovative forestry: a synthesis of smallscale forest management practice from Nepal: A field worker's guidebook for supporting community forest management |url=https://forestaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/5.-2001.-Innovative-Forestry-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715174620/https://forestaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/5.-2001.-Innovative-Forestry-eng.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hussain |first1=Shabbir |last2=Butt |first2=Shumaila Zulfiqar |title=Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Potential |journal=Scientific Inquiry and Review |date=September 2021 |volume=5 |issue=2 |doi=10.32350/sir.52.01 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Tel-Zur |first1=Noemi |last2=Schneider |first2=Bert |title=Floral biology of Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae) |journal=Sexual Plant Reproduction |date=June 2009 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=73–85 |doi=10.1007/s00497-009-0093-4 |pmid=20033458 |bibcode=2009SexPR..22...73T }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Prakash |first1=Om |last2=Usmani |first2=Shazia |last3=Singh |first3=Ruchi |last4=Singh |first4=Namrata |last5=Gupta |first5=Amresh |last6=Ved |first6=Akash |title=A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, and therapeutic attributes of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: A comprehensive review |journal=Phytotherapy Research |date=January 2021 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=63–77 |doi=10.1002/ptr.6769 |pmid=32633009 }}

{{WestAfricanPlants|Ziziphus mauritiana}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q327859}}

[[Category:Ziziphus|mauritiana]]
[[Category:Flora of Indo-China]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indomalayan realm]]
[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora of India (region)]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Africa]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]]
[[Category:Desert fruits]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant plants]]
[[Category:Flora naturalised in Australia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]]

Dilip Kumar Ganguly

2026-02-07T18:47:04Z

AntoineScaby: quick updated intro to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = D. K. Ganguly
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|1|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Neurophysiology]] |[[Neuropharmacology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] }}
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Parkinsonism]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1985 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Dilip Kumar Ganguly''' (born 4 January 1940) is an Indian neurophysiologist, neuropharmacologist,<ref name="Historical perspective of Indian neurology">{{Cite journal |last=Shrikant Mishra, Bhavesh Trikamji, Sandeep Singh, Parampreet Singh, Rajasekharan Nair |title=Historical perspective of Indian neurology |journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol |publication-date=2013 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=467–477 |doi=10.4103/0972-2327.120422|pmc=3841583 |pmid=24339562 |year=2013 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and a former head of the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and director of the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]].<ref name="Dogs freed from lab">{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/990318/the_east.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228082445/https://www.telegraphindia.com/990318/the_east.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2017 |title=Dogs freed from lab |date=2017 |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="StorchCollins2012">{{cite book|author1=Alexander Storch|author2=Michael A. Collins|title=Neurotoxic Factors in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ_aBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA322|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4615-1269-1|pages=322–}}</ref> Born on 4 January 1940 in Kolkata, in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]], he is known for his researches on [[Parkinsonism]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=456 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref> as well as for his efforts in promoting neuropharmacological studies in India,<ref name="Neuorosciences, an Overview">{{Cite web |url=http://neuroscienceacademy.org.in/downloads/pub/Set1.pdf |title=Neuorosciences, an Overview |last=P. N. Tandon |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Neurosciences}}</ref> and his researches have been documented by way of several articles in per-reviewed journals.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/researcher/39603099_DK_GANGULY |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017 }}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} Besides, he has contributed chapters to books published by others<ref name="StorchCollins2012" /> and his work has been cited by any researchers.<ref name="BanerjeeChaudhuri2005">{{cite book|author1=B Banerjee|author2=T.C. Chaudhuri|title=Therapeutic Effects of Tea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-ptEHf2Ci0C&pg=PA44|date=9 January 2005|publisher=Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-57808-398-5|pages=44–}}</ref><ref name="Ross2007">{{cite book|author=Ivan A. Ross|title=Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 3: Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Medicinal Uses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkWr5L3OOd0C&pg=PA20|date=28 October 2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-887-8|pages=20–}}</ref><ref name="Rätsch2005">{{cite book|author=Christian Rätsch|title=The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rs5rAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT510|date=25 April 2005|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=978-1-59477-662-5|pages=510–}}</ref> He is a founder fellow of the Indian Academy of Neurosciences and has served as its vice president.<ref name="Indian Academy of Neurosciences fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://neuroscienceacademy.org.in/ian_fellows.php |title=Indian Academy of Neurosciences fellows |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Neurosciences}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1985.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=November 12, 2016}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last=D. K. Ganguly |title=Antioxotremorine action of propranolol |journal=British Journal of Pharmacology |publication-date=1976 |volume=56 |issue=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb06953.x|pmc=1666755 |pmid=1252661 |year=1976 |pages=21–24}}
* {{Cite journal |vauthors=Seth P, Gajendiran M, Maitra KK, Ross HG, Ganguly DK |title=Evidence for D1 dopamine receptor-mediated modulation of the synaptic transmission from motor axon collaterals to Renshaw cells in the rat spinal cord |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |publication-date=1993 |volume=158 |issue=2 |pages=217–20 |pmid=8233099 |doi=10.1016/0304-3940(93)90268-p |year=1993|s2cid=24839288 }}
* {{Cite journal |vauthors=Gajendiran M, Seth P, Ganguly DK|title=Involvement of the presynaptic dopamine D2 receptor in the depression of spinal reflex by apomorphine |journal=NeuroReport |publication-date=1996 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=513–6 |pmid=8730818 |doi=10.1097/00001756-199601310-00033 |year=1996|s2cid=12626993 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Gupta S1, Chaudhuri T, Ganguly DK, Giri AK |title=Anticlastogenic effects of black tea (World blend) and its two active polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins in vivo in Swiss albino mice |journal=Life Sci. |publication-date=2001 |volume=69 |issue=23 |pages=2735–44 |doi=10.1002/ptr.1038 |pmid=12410547 |year=2002|s2cid=9167474 }}
* {{Cite journal |vauthors=Das M, Sur P, Gomes A, Vedasiromoni JR, Ganguly DK|title=Inhibition of tumour growth and inflammation by consumption of tea |journal=Phytother. Res. |publication-date=2002 |volume=16 |issue=Supp. 1 |pages=40–4 |pmid=11933138 |year=2002|doi=10.1002/ptr.797 |s2cid=35045674 |doi-access=free }}

{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ganguly%20DK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8730818 |title=On PubMed |date=2016 |publisher=US National Library of Medicine |work=List of articles}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |url=http://www.ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/1969_13_3/163-167.pdf |title=Some behavioural effects of an active fraction from Herpestis monniera, Linn. (Brahmi) |vauthors=Ganguly DK, Malhotra CL|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research |volume=55 |issue=5 |date=1967 |publisher=Indian J Med Res |pages=473–82 |pmid=6065425}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganguly, D. K.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian neurologists]]
[[Category:Indian pharmacologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Abhimanyu Singh (producer)

2026-02-04T20:44:30Z

AntoineScaby: put up new biography first draft

{{short description|Indian television producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abhimanyu Singh
| birth_name = Abhimanyu Raj Singh
| birth_place= [[New Delhi]], India
| years_active = 1995-present
| alma_mater = {{ubl| [[The Doon School]]|[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]]}}
| occupation = Producer
| relatives = [[Chandrachur Singh]] (brother) [[Aditya Narain Singh]] (brother)
}}
'''Abhimanyu Raj Singh''' is an Indian [[Television producer|producer]], who mainly produces [[Hindi cinema|Hindi-language television shows]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/03/original-content-is-way-forward-for-ott-platforms-abhimanyu-singh-of-contiloe-pictures/|title=Original content is way forward for OTT platforms: Abhimanyu Singh of Contiloe Pictures|website=Bestmediaifo.com|date=26 March 2020 |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/television-will-continue-digital-will-play-an-important-role-tooabhimanyu-singhcontiloe-pictures-87376.html|title=Television will continue, digital will play an important role too: Abhimanyu Singh, Contiloe Pictures |website=Exchange4media.com|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/contiloe-pictures-ventures-into-digital-200314|title=Contiloe Pictures ventures into digital|date=14 March 2020|website=Indiantelevision.com|access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref> He is the founder of production company, [[Contiloe Entertainment]], which he co-founded with his brother, [[Aditya Narain Singh]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/precaution-saves-the-day-23182150|title=Precaution saves the day says State of Siege producer Abhimanyu Singh from Contiloe Entertainment|website=Mid-day.com|author=Mohar Basu|date=July 10, 2021|access-date=January 10, 2022|quote=Creator Abhimanyu Singh discusses shooting 'State of Siege' across four states successfully, without any COVID cases reported on set}}</ref>

==Early life==
Abhimanyu was born in [[New Delhi]]. He did his schooling from [[The Doon School|The Doon School, Dehradun]] and did his graduation from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/time-to-discuss-ip-ownership-contiloe-pictures-abhimanyu-singh-200805|title=Television producers, after a long hiatus, have started shooting with limited cast and crew members. However, taking care of the team and the implementation of other SOP measures has escalated production cost|website=Indiantelevision.com|date=5 August 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref> He has two brothers [[Chandrachur Singh]] and [[Aditya Narain Singh]].<ref name=Cont>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/producer/aditya_singh.htm|title=I don't believe half-baked shows are accepted by viewers": Aditya Singh Contiloe Films|work=Indian Television Dot Com |date=23 October 2003|accessdate=4 April 2018}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:50px;"| Year
! style="width:250px;"|Name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2009
| ''Maruti Mera Dost''
| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/maruti-mera-dosst-1355.html|title=Maruti Mera Dost|website=Digit}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Darr @ the Mall]]''
| <ref>[http://www.koimoi.com/movie/darr-the-mall/ Darr The Mall - Movie Review, Trailer, Videos, Songs, News]</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''Mahayodha Rama''
| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mahayoddha_rama|title=Mahayodha Rama on Rotten Tomatoes|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[State of Siege: Temple Attack]]''
| <ref>{{Citation|last=Khurana|first=Archika|title=State Of Siege: Temple Attack Review: Akshaye Khanna's film is a stirring retelling of Ahmedabad's temple attack|date=9 July 2021|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/state-of-siege-temple-attack/ottmoviereview/83976269.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=2021-07-11}}</ref>
|}

===Web shows===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:50px;"| Year
! style="width:250px;"|Name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2020
| ''[[State of Siege: 26/11]]''
| {{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}
|-
| {{TBA}}
| ''Taj- A Monument of Blood''
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/taj-a-monument-of-blood-mughal-empire-5256141/|title=Taj A Monument of Blood: Web series on the Mughal Empire in the pipeline|date=2018-07-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:50px;"| Year
! style="width:250px;"|Name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Aankhen (TV series)|Aankhen]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sagartv.com/ankhen.htm |title=Sagar Arts |access-date=21 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609035408/http://sagartv.com/ankhen.htm |archive-date=9 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2001–2010
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aahat-will-increase-horror-quotient-in-genre-shakti-anand/|title='Aahat' will increase horror quotient in genre: Shakti Anand|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=17 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| ''Rahen Na Rahe Hum''
| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/rahe-na-rahe-hum|title= Rahen Na Rahe Hum by Contiloe and Javed Akhtar|website=NetTv4u}}</ref>
|-
| 2002–2004
| ''[[Krishna Arjun (TV series)|Krishna Arjun]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Television war enters new phase|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/4099_television-war-enters-new-phase|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628135451/https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/4099_television-war-enters-new-phase |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=|website=Afaqs}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Kashmeer (TV series)|Kashmeer]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/old-html/special/y2k3/kashmeer.htm|title=Indiantelevision dot com's First Take on Star Plus' 'Kashmeer'|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=2016-06-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2003–2004 || ''[[Vikraal Aur Gabraal]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.todaypk.video/s/ssshhhh-koi-hai-vikraal-aur-mayakaal-full-episode/amp|title=Vikraal Aur Gibraal|website=Today PK}}</ref>
|-
| 2004–2007 || ''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/another-one-from-star-tv/article28675160.ece|title=Another 'One' from Star TV|work=The Hindu |date=29 October 2004|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2004 || ''[[Majooba ka Ajooba]]''
| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/majooba-ka-ajooba|title=Majooba Ka Ajooba|website=NetTv4u}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rooh]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/10234_Mass-entertainment-channels-present-a-new-round-of-launches-this-season|title=Mass entertainment channels present a new round of launches this season|date=2004-11-07|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aavishkaar - Ek Rakshak'' || <ref>आविष्कार- एक रक्षक</ref>
|-
|2005 || ''He Man'' || <ref>[[Contiloe Entertainment]]</ref>
|-
|2005–2006 || ''[[Yeh Dil Chahe More]]'' || <ref>[[Yeh Dil Chahe More]]</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2006 || ''Kuoni Hotspots''|| <ref>Kouni Hotspots</ref>
|-
| ''MTV Ishq Deewane'' || <ref>[[MTV|ISHQ DEEWANE]]</ref>
|-
| ''Gehre Pyaar Pe Laat'' || <ref>Gehre Pyaar Pe Laat</ref>
|-
| 2006–2007 || ''Rang Jama De'' || <ref>Rang Jama De</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2007 || ''[[Agadam Bagdam Tigdam]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/lingo-mazaa/cid/1266610|title=The made-in-India chart-toppers are Agadam Bagdam Tigdam, Vicky Aur Vetaal and M.A.D., in Hindi|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''SAB Ka Bheja Fry'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title= SabTV launches Sabka Bheja Fry under human Block by contiloe|website=Exchange4media|date= 8 August 2007}}</ref>
|-
| ''The Great Indian Love Challenge'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k6/july/julyrel3.htm|title=Star One's The Great Indian Laughter Challenge Dwitiya clocks the highest ever ratings|work=Indian Television Dot Com |date=July 8, 2006|access-date=December 28, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''Fun on the Run'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/18924_fun-on-the-run-for-tata-indicom-and-zee|title= Fun on the run for Tata Indicom and Zee|website=AFAQS}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2008 || ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]]'' || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/jan/jan227.php|title=Bhaago KK Aaya on SAB TV|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|date=23 January 2008}}</ref>
|-
| ''Comedy Ka King Kaun'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/shows/comedy-ka-king-kaun/articleshow/2944577.cms|title=Comedy Ka King Kaun hosted by Jaspan Bhattu|website=Photogallery}}</ref>
|-
| ''Say Shaava Shaava'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/say-shaava-shaava|title=Say Shaava Shaava|website=NetTv4u}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aajaa Mahi Vay]]'' || <ref>[[Aajaa Mahi Vay]]</ref>
|-
| 2008–2009 || ''[[Break Time Masti Time]]'' || <ref>[[Break Time Masti Time]]</ref>
|-
| 2008–2010 || ''[[Cambala Investigation Agency|Cambala Investigation Agency - CIA]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/pogo-to-air-new-season-of-cia-mad|title=Pogo to air new season of CIA|date=27 May 2008|accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009 || ''Arre Deewano Mujhe Pehchano'' || <ref>Arre Deewano Mujhe Pehchano</ref>
|-
| ''Maharshtrache Nach Baliye'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/coming-soon-maharashtracha-nach-baliye/story-6EPRotNMSitGIhpLE7t1EN.html|title=Coming Soon Maharashtracha Nach Baliye |date=2 October 2009 }}</ref>
|-
|2009–2010 || ''[[Maniben.com]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/maniben-com|title=Maniben.com}}</ref>
|-
|2009–2011 || ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Show theme|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/show-theme/story-078RgvYKK4ZVZDHF819KzO.html|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|2010–2011 || ''[[Bitto (TV series)|Bitto]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2010/sahara-one-two-shows-090410.html|title=Sahara One set to launch two new shows|publisher=OneIndia Entertainment|date=9 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
|2010–2016|| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'' || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ronit-Roy-to-be-back-with-Adaalat-season-2/articleshow/52023930.cms|title=Ronit Roy to be back with 'Adaalat' season 2|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=26 May 2016|archive-date=9 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609200118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ronit-roy-to-be-back-with-adaalat-season-2/articleshow/52023930.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2011–2012 || ''[[Veer Shivaji]]''
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Veer Shivaji|url=http://colors.in.com/in/shows/veer-shivaji-69.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527142905/http://colors.in.com/in/shows/veer-shivaji-69.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2012|publisher=colors.in.com|access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/company_briefs/?id=50054_SAB+TV+launches+Ammaji+Ki+Galli|title=SAB TV launches 'Ammaji Ki Galli'|date=June 16, 2011|accessdate=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134121/http://www.afaqs.com/news/company_briefs/?id=50054_SAB+TV+launches+Ammaji+Ki+Galli|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2012 || ''Suno... Harr Dill Kuchh Kehtaa Hai'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/suno-harr-dill-kuchh-kehtaa-hai|title=सुनो हर दिल कुछ कहता है}}</ref>
|-
| 2012–2014 || ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeetv.com/shows/fear-files/|title=Fear Files- zeetv.com}}</ref>
|-
|2013–2015 || ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/tv-show-maharana-pratap-completes-two-years-998187.html|title=TV show 'Maharana Pratap' completes two years|website=News18|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Emotional Atyachar]]'' || <ref name=episodes>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/show/emotionalatyachaar|title=UTV Bindass presents Emotional Atyachar (Official videos in Youtube) | publisher= www.bindass.com}}</ref>
|-
|2015 || ''[[Lage Raho Chachu]]''|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-shows/lage-raho-chachu/all-cast-and-crew|title=Lage Raho Chachu}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2015–2016 || ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Why-The-Great-Indian-Family-Drama-ended-in-less-than-two-months/articleshow/46565130.cms|title=Why The Great Indian Family Drama ended in less than two months|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phDh2NwDUFM|title=Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat episodes|publisher=Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat|date=7 October 2016|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Agent Raghav – Crime Branch]]'' || <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/is-agent-raghav-copy-of-the-mentalist-sharad-kelkar-simon-baker-261461-2015-09-06|title=Is Agent Raghav India's answer to The Mentalist? We don't think so|magazine=[[India Today]]|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2017 || ''[[Sankatmochan Mahabali Hanuman]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|title=ये हैं टीवी के नए 'हनुमान', सेट पर 12 घंटे हेवी कॉस्ट्यूम पहनकर करते हैं काम|url=http://bollywood.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-artists-of-sankat-mochan-mahabali-hanuman-preparation-for-show-4980270-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502135755/http://bollywood.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-artists-of-sankat-mochan-mahabali-hanuman-preparation-for-show-4980270-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2015|publisher=Bollywood Bhaskar|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/service-above-rule-life-oks-maharaja-ranjit-singh-starts-from-20-mar-170317|title=Service above rule: Life OK's Maharaja Ranjit Singh starts from 20 Mar|date=17 March 2017 |accessdate=17 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018 ||''Rudra Ke Rakshak'' || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/shows/rudra-ke-rakshak-17154.html|title=Rudra ke Rakshak|website=Digit}}</ref>
|-
|2018 || ''[[21 Sarfarosh - Saragarhi 1897]] '' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mohit-raina-new-tv-show-21-sarfarosh-saragarhi-1897-fisrt-look-teaser-5012582/|title=First look: Mohit Raina in TV show 21 Sarfarosh: Saragarhi 1897|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=4 January 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202003608/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mohit-raina-new-tv-show-21-sarfarosh-saragarhi-1897-fisrt-look-teaser-5012582/|archivedate=2 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2018 || ''[[Kaun Hai?]]''
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/zee-horror-show-to-aahat-5-horror-shows-90s-kids-still-remember-1272238-2018-06-28|title=Zee Horror Show to Aahat: 5 horror shows 90s kids still remember|work=[[India Today]]|date=28 June 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Khoob Ladi Mardani Jhansi Ki Rani]]''
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/colors-to-premiere-tv-show-on-lakshmibai-titled-khoob-ladi-mardaani-jhansi-ki-rani-5864061.html|website=firstpost.com|title=Colors to premiere TV show on Lakshmibai titled Khoob Ladi Mardaani — Jhansi Ki Rani |date=9 January 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kesari Nandan]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/dastaan-e-mohabbat-to-shift-to-make-way-for-kesari-nandan-on-colors/|title='Dastaan-e-Mohabbat' to shift to make way for 'Kesari Nandan' on Colors|work=bizasialive.com|date=24 December 2018|access-date=2019-03-30|language=}}</ref>
|-
|2017–2020
|''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Maheshwari|first=Neha|title='Tenali Rama' to go off air on November|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tenali-rama-to-go-off-air-on-november-13/articleshow/78520763.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Kaatelal & Sons]]''
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Kaatelal & Sons fame Manav Soneji: It's very heartbreaking that all of a sudden you know the show is going off-air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kaatelal-sons-fame-manav-soneji-its-very-heartbreaking-that-all-of-a-sudden-you-know-the-show-is-going-off-air/articleshow/85327319.cms|access-date=2021-09-10|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2017–2021
| ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil TV Serial Vinayagar Synopsis Aired On SUN TV Channel|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/tv-serials/vinayagar|website=Nettv4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022
| ''[[Dharm Yoddha Garud]]''
| <ref>{{Citation|title=Dharm Yoddha Garud Coming Soon on Sony Sab|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXnHJhUt-Dg|language=en|access-date=2022-01-31}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yashomati Maiyaa Ke Nandlala]]''
|
|-
|2022–2024
|''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]''
|
|-
|2024–2025
|''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama 2]]''
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan]]''
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Title
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2006
| [[Star Guild Awards]]
| Best Comedy Series
| rowspan=3|''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref name="Apsara">{{cite web|title=Apsara Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/awards/apsara_award/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118222746/http://bollywoodhungama.com/awards/apsara_award/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2008|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| rowspan=2|Best Comedy Programme
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|access-date=2013-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2007
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175611/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Thriller/Horror Serial|Best Thriller/Horror Serial]]
| ''[[Ssshhhh... Phir Koi Hai]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2007|title=The Indian Television Academy Awards for 2007|work=Indian Television Academy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006030252/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2007|archive-date=6 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| rowspan=3|Best Historical or Mythological Serial
| rowspan=3|''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Fighting glory|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/fighting-glory/546432/|access-date=|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2010
| {{won}}
| <ref name="Jhansirani">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Zee eyeing top slot with Jhansi Ki Rani?|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/zee-eyeing-top-slot-with-jhansi-ki-rani/story-qyMczOGxvmjtuMW1qYgN8K.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103075420/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/zee-eyeing-top-slot-with-jhansi-ki-rani/story-qyMczOGxvmjtuMW1qYgN8K.html|archive-date=3 January 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rani Laxmibai comes of age, as actress Kratika Sengar replaces Ulka Gupta|url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/grown-up-at-last--85031|website=Mid Day}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Best Weekly Serial
| rowspan=2|''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/11/23/stories/2004112301441700.htm|title=TV entertainment proves bigger than Bollywood|work=Business Line}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2013
| Best Thriller Programme
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jul/07telly1.htm|title=The Indian Telly Awards|work=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan=3|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan=2|Best Historical or Mythological Serial
| rowspan=2|''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karan-singh-grover-devoleena-bag-top-honours-at-ita-awards/430224-44-124.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026132604/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karan-singh-grover-devoleena-bag-top-honours-at-ita-awards/430224-44-124.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 October 2013 | title=Karan Singh Grover, Devoleena bag top honours at ITA awards | publisher=[[IBN Live]] | date=24 October 2013 | access-date=28 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2014
| {{won}}
| Rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/popular|title=Indian Telly Awards 2014 - Popular|access-date=8 March 2016|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626121135/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/popular|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Thriller Programme
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=4|2015
| rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Rowspan=2|Best Historical or Mythological Serial
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''
| {{nom}}
| Rowspan=2|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/nominations-for-indian-telly-awards-2015-out-see-who-all-have-made-the-cut-273701-2015-11-20|title=Nominations for Indian Telly Awards 2015 out; see who all have made the cut|work=India Today |date=20 November 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Historical Show
| rowspan=2| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2015-highlights-complete-winners-list-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-bags-most-honours-636621#7vG6u20wgUDzUGhz.97|title=Zee Gold Awards 2015 Highlights, Complete Winners' List: 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' Bags Most Honours; Karan-Divyanka's Romance Steals the Show|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=22 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| Most Entertaining Television Fiction Show
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2016/gold-awards-nomination-list-divyanka-sriti-varun-others-nominated-227684.html|title=Gold Awards 2016 Nomination List: Divyanka Tripathi, Sriti Jha, Varun Kapoor & Others Nominated|language=en|work=filmibeat.com|date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan=2|2016
| Rowspan=2|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan=2|Best Historical or Mythological Serial
| ''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/academy.php |title=Official ITA Website |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630064308/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/academy.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/47630614.cms|title=Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat: Story so far...|date=6 October 2015|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4|2017
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]]
| ''[[Contiloe Entertainment|Mahayodha Rama]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan=4|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan=3|[[ITA Award for Best Show Popular|Best Show (Popular)]]
| ''[[Adaalat (season 2)|Adaalat]]''
| {{nom}}
| Rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2018-winners-list-5489473/|title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2018 {{!}} Winners|website=The Indian Express|date=12 December 2018|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chakravartin-Ashoka-Samrat/articleshow/47108230.cms|title=Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 August 2015 |access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| Best Children's Show
| ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Tenali Rama : Best Children's Show|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/ita-awards-2018-winners-list-surbhi-chandna-divyanka-tripathi-harshad-chopda-win-big-1407672-2018-12-12|access-date=12 December 2018|work=India Today|date=12 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| [[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Web Original Film
| ''[[State of Siege: Temple Attack]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/filmfare-awards/myglamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021/myglamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021-red-carpet/articleshow/88185522.cms|title=MyGlamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021: Red Carpet|date=9 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm7189902}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Abhimanyu}}
[[Category:Indian producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]

Maya (comics)

2026-01-24T12:06:29Z

AntoineScaby: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[List of DC Comics characters: M#Maya]]
{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from fictional character}}
{{R from merge}}
{{R to section}}
{{R to list entry}}
}}

[[Category:Comics characters introduced in 1993]]
[[Category:DC Comics characters who use magic]]
[[Category:DC Comics female superheroes]]
[[Category:Fictional archers]]
[[Category:Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities]]
[[Category:Fictional characters with water abilities]]
[[Category:Hindu superheroes]]
[[Category:Indian superheroes]]
[[Category:Justice League characters]]

Vallur mandal

2026-01-23T11:59:20Z

AntoineScaby: Pg

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vallur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[YSR Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kadapa revenue division|Kadapa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type =
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Vallur''' is a [[mandal]] in [[Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It is part of the [[Kadapa revenue division]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Mandals {{!}} District YSR(Kadapa), Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://kadapa.ap.gov.in/revenue-mandals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602145735/https://kadapa.ap.gov.in/revenue-mandals/ |archive-date=2023-06-02 |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=YSR District |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Kadapa district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Kadapa district]]

{{Kadapa-geo-stub}}

Sakachep language

2026-01-13T23:17:45Z

AntoineScaby:

{{Short description|Language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Sakachep
|nativename=''Khelma/Achep''
|region=[[India]]
|ethnicity=[[Khelma people|Khelma]] (Sakachep)
|speakers=25,000
|date=2003
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]
|fam3=[[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]] (?)
|fam4=[[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]]
|fam5=[[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]
|fam6=[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]
|fam7=[[Hmar languages|Hmar]]
|iso3=sch
|glotto=saka1283
|glottorefname=Sakachep/Achep
}}
'''Sakachep''' also known as '''Khelma''', is a Central [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin-Mizo]] language of [[Northeast India]]. Dialects are Khelma,Achep,Mar-Achep(Marachepang)Thang Achep, and Sak Achep (''Ethnologue''). VanBik (2009)<ref>VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. ''Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin-Mizo Languages''. STEDT Monograph 8. {{ISBN|0-944613-47-0}}.</ref> classifies Sakachep as closely related to Aimol, Anal, Chiru, Kharam, Koireng(Koren), Kom, Lamkang, Purum, Biate, Chorei, Ranglong, Molsom, Hrangkhol, Kaipeng, Bongcher and Thiek-Hmar.

==Geographical distribution==
''Ethnologue'' reports the following locations for Sakachep.

*[[Karbi Anglong district]], [[Dima Hasao district]] (formerly [[North Cachar Hills district]]), and [[Cachar district]] of [[Assam]]
*Khelma village, [[Kohima district]], [[Nagaland]]
*Saithsma, Rumphung, and Mongor villages of [[Jaintia Hills district]], [[Meghalaya]]
*[[Tripura]]
*[[Mizoram]]
*[[Manipur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/LGBV/browse/?fq=dc_language:sch] Sakachep language documentation in the Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]
[[Category:Languages of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Languages of Nagaland]]

{{st-lang-stub}}

Jodhpur–Dadar Express

2026-01-09T07:33:37Z

AntoineScaby: started stub

{{Short description|Indian express train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Jodhpur–Dadar Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|07|22}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}} (JU)
| stops = 20
| end = {{stnlnk|Dadar}} (DDR)
| distance = {{convert|947|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 17h 30m
| frequency = Three days per week {{efn|Runs three days per week for each direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 14807/14808
| speed = {{convert|52|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including hal
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Jodhpur–Dadar Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[North Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}} and {{stnlnk|Dadar}} in India. It operates with 14807/14808 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1911&did=1387285362845836417C8F82B92E0BDF64CBA3280DBDE.web103 Extension of running Alwar-Khairthal-Alwar special express train]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/23/jat-stir-affects-rail-road-network-in-bharatpur-dholpur-at-rajasthan-1620025.html | title=Jat stir affects rail, road network in Bharatpur, Dholpur at Rajasthan | date=23 June 2017 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref>

== Service ==

The 14807/Jodhpur–Dadar Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 947 km in 17h 30m. The 14808/Dadar–Jodhpur Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 947 km in 18h 25m.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|Jodhpur}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Bhagat Ki Kothi}}
* {{stnlnk|Samdari Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mokalsar}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalor}}
* {{stnlnk|Modran}}
* {{stnlnk|Marwar Bhinmal}}
* {{stnlnk|Raniwara}}
* {{stnlnk|Dhanera}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhildi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Patan}}
* {{stnlnk|Mahesana Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Sabarmati Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharuch Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Vapi}}
* {{stnlnk|Borivali}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Dadar}}'''

== Coach composition ==

The train has standard [[ICF coach|ICF]] rakes with a maximum speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 1 Chair Car
* 13 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction ==

Both trains are hauled by a Ratlam Loco Shed-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive from Jaipur to Alwar and vice versa.

== Rake sharing ==

The train shares its rake with

* 54809/54810 [[Rewari–Jodhpur Passenger]]
* 54835/54836 [[Jaipur–Hisar Passenger]]
* 54833/54834 [[Hisar–Rewari Passenger]]

== See also ==

* [[Alwar Junction railway station]]
* [[Jammu Tawi railway station]]
* [[Rewari–Jodhpur Passenger]]
* [[Jaipur–Hisar Passenger]]
* [[Hisar–Rewari Passenger]]

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

1957 in India

2026-01-08T03:50:55Z

AntoineScaby: Improved article clarity and structure

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2022}}
{{Year in India|1957}}
Events in the year '''1957 in the Republic of India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[President of India]] – [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad]]
* [[Prime Minister of India]] – [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Vice President of India]] – [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
* [[Chief Justice of India]] – [[Sudhi Ranjan Das]]

===Governors===
* [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] – [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]] (until 1 August), [[Bhim Sen Sachar]] (starting 1 August)
* [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]] – [[Saiyid Fazal Ali]]
* [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]] – [[R. R. Diwakar]] (until 5 July), [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] (starting 5 July)
* [[List of governors of Karnataka|Karnataka]] – [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]]
* [[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala]] – [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]
* [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] – [[Pattabhi Sitaramayya]] (until 13 June), [[Hari Vinayak Pataskar]] (starting 13 June)
* [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] – [[Sri Prakasa]]
* [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]] – [[Bhim Sen Sachar]] (until 31 July), [[Y. N. Sukthankar|Yeshwant Narayan Sukthankar]] (starting 31 July)
* [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] – [[Gurumukh Nihal Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi]]
* [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]] – [[Padmaja Naidu]]

==Events==
* National income - {{INR}}137,104 million
* January 26 - [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Indian]] troops open fire at TarakPardi in [[Bombay State]] for securing right of pass between enclaves of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2007 |title=1957: Second Five Year Plan was incorporated |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20070702-1957-second-five-year-plan-748253-2007-07-02 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* April 1 - [[Second Nehru ministry]] adopts [[Decimalisation]] of [[Indian rupee]] and discontinue the concept of [[Anna (monetary subunit)|anna coin system.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doctor |first=Vikram |title=The forgotten anniversary of decimalisation |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/the-forgotten-anniversary-of-decimalisation/articleshow/2659901.cms |access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref>
* April 5 – First elected government of [[Kerala]]. [[Communist Party of India]] won the elections and [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] became the first chief minister of united [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |first=K. K. |last=Kailash |title=From the archives: E.M.S. Namboodiripad, a very contemporary Marxist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-e-m-s-namboodiripad-a-very-contemporary-marxist-1888241-2021-12-15 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* August 25 - [[Indian Polo Association|Indian Polo Team]] won the [[Polo]] World cup held at [[France]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPA {{!}} History |url=https://ipa.co.in/user/history.php |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=ipa.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-19 |title=Jaipur 'maharaja' Sawai Padmanabh Singh to represent India in Polo World Cup |url=https://www.pinkcitypost.com/jaipur-maharaja-sawai-pradhyuman-singh-represent-india-polo-world-cup/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=The PinkCity Post |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* September 1 - [[Indian Air Force]] inducts its first [[Bomber|jet bomber]] [[English Electric Canberra|Canberra]] at Squadron 5, [[Agra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-01 |title=60 years since IAF’s Canberra jets were first deployed; the history of India’s war horse |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/60-years-since-iafs-canberra-jets-were-first-deployed-the-history-of-indias-war-horse-4823768/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Air Force marks 60 years of its Canberra bombers |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/indian-air-force-marks-60-years-of-its-canberra-bombers/836441/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2017 |first=Chethan |last=Kumar |title=indian air force: IAF’s first generation jet bomber Canberra turns 60 tomorrow {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iafs-1st-gen-bomber-canberra-turns-60-tomorrow/articleshow/60309964.cms |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* December 4 - [[Hindustan Shipyard]] delivers its first passenger cum cargo vessel ''M V Andaman.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindustan Shipyard Limited - Saga by jonnala nagireddy - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/media360/docs/hsl_book |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Date not known ===

* [[V. S. Wakankar]] discovers [[Bhimbetka rock shelters|Bhimbetka rock shelter cave paintings.]]
* <ref>{{Cite news |last=Venugopal |first=Vasudha |title=RSS to honour man who discovered Bhimbetka caves |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rss-to-honour-man-who-discovered-bhimbetka-caves/articleshow/71798687.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> Hirakud dam opened

==Law==
* India passes a bill making [[Kashmir]] under its control as part of the Union.
* Copyright Act

==Sport==
*[[Balbir Singh Sr.]] became the first hockey player to be awarded the [[Padma Shri]].

==Births==
*1 February – [[Jackie Shroff]], actor.
*10 March – [[Thanu Padmanabhan]], theoretical physicist and cosmologist (d. 2021)
*20 October – [[Dennis Joseph]], scriptwriter and director (d. 2021)
*[[Thomas Zacharia]], computational scientist.

==Deaths==
*5 April – [[Alagappa Chettiar]], businessman and philanthropist (born 1909).
*30 August – [[N. S. Krishnan]], comedian, actor, playback singer and writer (born 1908).
*5 December – [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], Islamic scholar (born 1879).

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 1957]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Years in India}}
{{Year in Asia|1957}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1957 in India}}
[[Category:1957 in India| ]]
[[Category:1957 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1950s in India]]
[[Category:1957 in Asia]]

Antony Padiyara

2026-01-07T02:11:04Z

AntoineScaby: put up a entry with sources.

{{Short description|Head of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church from 1985 to 1996}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[Mar (title)|Mar]]
| name = Mar Antony Padiyara {{Lang|syc| ܡܸܛܪܵܦܘܿܠܝܼܛܵܐ ܘܬܲܪܐ ܕܟܠ ܗܸܢܕܘܿ }}
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]], [[List of major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Major Archbishop of Syro-Malabar Church]]
| image = Mar Antony Padiyara photo 10.jpg
| caption =
| province = Metropolitan province of Ernakulam Angamaly
| diocese = Ernakulam Angamaly
| see = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Ernakulam-Angamaly]]
| enthroned = 23 April 1985
| ended = 11 November 1996
| predecessor = [[Mar Augustine Kandathil]] as the head of the Syro Malabar Church 
[[Joseph Parecattil]] as the Archbishop of Ernakulam
| successor = [[Mar Varkey Vithayathil]]
| ordination = 19 December 1945
| consecration = 3 July 1955
| cardinal = 28 June 1988
| rank = [[Major Archbishop]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1921|2|11}}
| birth_place = [[Manimala]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|3|23|1921|2|11}}
| death_place = [[Kakkanad]], Kerala, India
| buried =
| nationality = Indian
| religion = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| module = {{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Archbishop
| honorific-suffix = Metropolitan Archbishop
| title = [[Metropolitan Archbishop]] of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanassery|Changanassery]]
| province = Metropolitan province of Changanassery
| diocese = Changanassery
|appointed= 14 Jun 1970
|term_end = 23 Apr 1985
|predecessor = [[Mathew Kavukattu]]
|successor = [[Joseph Powathil]]}}
| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Bishop of Ootacamund]] (1955–1970) [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery|Archbishop of Changanassery]] (1970–1985)
| module2 = {{Infobox Christian leader
| type = bishop
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Bishop of Ootacamund]]
|term_start = 3 Jul 1955
|term_end = 14 Jun 1970
|predecessor = Post established
|successor = [[Packiam Arokiaswamy]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Latin Metropolitan province of Madras-Mylapore]]
| diocese = Ootacamund}}
}}
{{Ordination
| date of priestly ordination = 19 December 1945
| place of priestly ordination =
| consecrated by = Bishop René-Jean-Baptiste-Germain Feuga
| co-consecrators = Francis Xavier Muthappa, Matthew Kavukattu
| bishop 1 = Archbishop James Masilamony Arul Das
| consecration date 1 = 1974
| bishop 2 = Januarius Paul Palathuruthy
| consecration date 2 = 1977
| bishop 3 = [[Gregory Karotemprel]]
| consecration date 3 = 1983
| bishop 4 = [[Paul Chittilapilly]]
| consecration date 4 = 1988
| bishop 5 = Archbishop George Valiamattam
| consecration date 5 = 1989
| bishop 6 = Vijay Anand Nedumpuram
| consecration date 6 = 1990
| bishop 7 = Archbishop [[Abraham Kattumana]]
| consecration date 7 = 1991
| bishop 8 = [[Jacob Manathodath]]
| consecration date 8 = 1992
| bishop 9 = Simon Stock Palathara
| consecration date 9 = 1993
}}
'''Antony Padiyara''' (11 February 1921 – 23 March 2000) was a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic]] [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] and the first [[List of major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]. Before serving as Major Archbishop from 1985 to 1996, he previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Bishop of Ootacamund]] (1955–1970) and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery|Archbishop of Changanassery]] (1970–1985). He was elevated as cardinal in 1988.

==Biography==
Born in [[Manimala]], [[Travancore]], Antony Padiyara got his primary education from [[St. Berchmans Higher Secondary School|SB English High School Changanasserry]] and later studied in St. Peter's Regional Seminary in [[Bangalore]] and was [[Holy orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 19 December 1945.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Antony Cardinal Padiyara|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpadiyara.html}}</ref> He was [[Incardination and excardination|incardinated]] into the [[Latin Church]] [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore|Diocese of Coimbatore]], where he served as [[curate]] at [[Peria Kodiveri]] and pastor at [[Kollegal]] and [[Ootacamund]] between 1946 and 1952.<ref name=miranda>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=PADIYARA, Antony|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios-p.htm#Padiyara|last=Miranda|first=Salvador|archive-date=31 January 2011|access-date=17 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131203917/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-p.htm#Padiyara|url-status=live}}</ref> He became [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the [[minor seminary]] in 1952 and a professor at St. Peter's Regional Seminary in 1954.<ref name=miranda/>

On 3 July 1955, Padiyara was appointed [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Bishop of Ootacamund]] by [[Pope Pius XII]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 16 October from Bishop René-Jean-Baptiste-Germain Feuga, with Bishop Francis Xavier Muthappa and Archbishop Matthew Kavukattu serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].<ref name=hierarchy/> After attending the [[Second Vatican Council]] from 1962 to 1965, Padiyara returned to the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]. On 13 June 1970 he was promoted to [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery|Archbishop of Changanassery]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He was elected [[Vice president|Vice President]] of the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India|Indian Episcopal Conference]] (1976), President of the [[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council]] (1983), and President of the Syro-Malabar Bishops Conference (1984).<ref name=miranda/> In one of the acts of his [[List of popes by length of reign#Popes with the shortest reigns|short-lived papacy]], [[Pope John Paul I]] named him [[Apostolic visitor]] to the Syro-Malabar Catholics in Kerala on 8 September 1978.<ref name=miranda/>

Padiyara was appointed [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 23 April 1985.<ref name=hierarchy/> He was created [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal priest]] of [[Santa Maria Regina Pacis a Monte Verde|S. Maria "Regina Pacis" a Monte Verde]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 June 1988. When the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly]] was elevated to the rank of a [[Major archbishop|major archdiocese]] on 16 December 1992, Padiyara became a [[Major archbishop|Major Archbishop]] and thus head of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]].<ref name=hierarchy/> During this period, the powers of [[Major Archbishop]] were also vested in the [[Pontifical Delegate]] [[Mar Abraham Kattumana]] (1992–1995). Within the [[Roman Curia]], he was a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] and the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the [[Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|Code of Oriental Canon Law]].<ref name=school>{{cite news|work=Cardinal Padiyara Public School|title=About us|url=http://www.cardinalpadiyarapublicschool.org/about_us.php|access-date=17 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424061703/http://cardinalpadiyarapublicschool.org/about_us.php|archive-date=24 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> After reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, he resigned as Major Archbishop on 11 November 1996, after eleven years of service. He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1998.<ref name=miranda/>

He later died at the Cardinal Padiyara Nature Cure Centre in [[Kakkanad]], which he himself had founded, aged 79. He is buried in [[St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam|St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica]] in [[Ernakulam]].<ref name=miranda/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpadiyara.html Antony Padiyara statistics]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| before= Diocese Established
| title=''[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Bishop of Ootacamund]]''
| years=1955–-1970
| after=Packiam Arokiaswamy
}}
{{succession box
| before= [[Mathew Kavukattu]]
| title=''[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery|Archbishop of Changanassery]]''
| years=1970–-1985
| after=[[Joseph Powathil]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Mar Sebastian Mankuzhikary]]
| title=''[[List of Major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Major Archbishop of Ernakulam]]''
| years=1985–-1996
| after=[[Mar Varkey Vithayathil]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cardinals created by John Paul II}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padiyara, Mar Antony I}}
[[Category:Indian cardinals]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Kottayam]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Eastern Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Changanassery]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]
[[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]

Aabha Hanjura

2026-01-03T19:50:12Z

AntoineScaby: put up initial entry from scratch.

{{Short description|Indian singer and songwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aabha Hanjura
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Aabha Hanjura
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{flat list|
* Singer
* songwriter
* composer
}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| instruments = {{flat list|
* Vocals
}}
| genre = {{flat list|
* [[Sufi music|Sufi]]
* [[Folk music|folk]]
* [[Pop music|pop]]
}}
| label =
| associated_acts = ''Sufistication''
}}
}}
'''Aabha Hanjura''' is an Indian singer, songwriter and composer who sings primarily in the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and [[Hindi]] languages, as well as in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]] and other languages. Hanjura is the lead vocalist of [[pop band]] '''''Sufistication''''', which she founded in 2012. An [[Indie music|indie artist]], she is known for music that blends Kashmiri and other [[Folk music of India|Indian folk]] and [[Sufi music|Sufi]] styles with contemporary [[pop music]].

==Early life and education==
Hanjura was born into a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family in the Kanipora locality of [[Srinagar]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in India. When she was three, she and her family were displaced from the [[Kashmir Valley]] during the [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|Hindu exodus]] due to insurgency in the state.<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite web |last=Murthy |first=Neeraja |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/aabha-hanjuras-new-folk-song-has-with-a-touch-of-punjabi/article65442345.ece/ |title=Aabha Hanjura's new folk song has a touch of Punjabi |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 May 2022}}</ref><ref name=NDTV>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Maya |editor-last=Varma |editor-first=Shylaja |url= https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/article-370-jammu-and-kashmir-kashmiri-singer-aabha-hanjura-may-we-soon-reunite-with-our-homes-2080912 |title="May We Soon Reunite With Our Homes": Kashmiri Singer On Article 370 Move |work=[[NDTV]] |date=6 August 2019}}</ref> She grew up in [[Jammu]], which she recalls also being unstable due to the insurgency, but less so than the valley.<ref name=DP2020>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sakshi |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/vivacity/her-love-letter-to-kashmir.html |title=Her love letter to Kashmir |work=[[Daily Pioneer]] |date=18 July 2020}}</ref> She did her schooling in Jammu and received training in [[Hindustani classical music]]. In 2005, she and her family moved to [[Bengaluru]] in southern India.<ref name=TheHindu/> In Bengaluru, she took classes for [[western classical music]]. She graduated with a degree in commerce from [[Jain University|Jain College]].<ref name=TheHindu2>{{cite web |last=Govind |first=Ranjani |title=Voice of the Valley |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/aabha-hanjura-sound-of-kashmir/article29057973.ece/ |date=13 August 2019|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Musical career==
Hanjura auditioned for the second season of television show [[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|Indian Idol]] when she was seventeen and was slated to appear on it as a contestant but says she did not because she believed the music industry was not a safe space for women at the time<ref name=STP>{{cite web |last=Chakravarti |first=Deepshikha |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/art-culture/kashmiri-folk-singer-aabha-hanjura/ |title= Kashmiri Folk Singer Aabha Hanjura Talks About Being A Woman In The Music Industry |work=[[SheThePeople]] |date=23 April 2023}}</ref> and instead wanted to continue her education.<ref name=MM>{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Vijayeta |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/small-talk-meet-the-sweet-valley-girl/articleshow/77045167.cms |title= SMALL TALK: MEET THE SWEET VALLEY GIRL |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=19 July 2020}}</ref> In 2012, Hanjura founded a [[pop band]] called ''Sufistication'', a play on the words ''[[Sufi]]'' and sophistication.<ref name=DP2019>{{cite web |last=Saksena |first=Shalini |url= https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/sunday-edition/---language--is-no-barrier-to-music---.html |title='Language is no barrier to music' |work=Daily Pioneer |date=25 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=KL>{{cite web |url= https://kashmirlife.net/abha-hanjura-show-was-a-hit-officials-150942/ |title=Abha Hanjura show was a hit, officials |date=17 September 2017 |work=[[Kashmir Life]]}}</ref> In 2013, she visited her former house in Kashmir in search of inspiration for her music.<ref name=TheHindu/> She quit her corporate job to focus on music full-time.<ref name=MM/>

In June 2017, Hanjura released the single ''Hukus Bukus'', combining several Kashmiri lullabies, poems and rhymes set to a [[chanson]] influenced composition with western and Kashmiri instruments.<ref name=TheHindu2/> The song eventually went viral and became popular,<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Deepali |date=17 July 2018 |title=Kashmiri music makes a foray into popular culture |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kashmiri-music-makes-a-foray-into-popular-culture-2637968/amp |work=[[DNA India]]}}</ref> and was used in a [[No Fathers in Kashmir|2019 Indian film]] by [[Ashvin Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Ruchita |title=Kashmiri folk-fusion artist Aabha Hanjura on unheard 'Khoobsurat' melodies of Kashmir & more [Exclusive] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kashmiri-folk-fusion-artist-aabha-hanjura-unheard-khoobsurat-melodies-kashmir-more-exclusive-830456 |date=20 November 2020 |work=[[IBTimes]] India}}</ref> It also featured in the first season of Indian television series ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' the same year.<ref name=STP/> The song was also used in a video by [[Indian National Congress|INC]] politician [[Rahul Gandhi]] during the Kashmir section of his ''[[Bharat Jodo Yatra]]'' in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/aabha-hanjura-song-hukus-bukus-rahul-priyanka-gandhi-8414568/lite/ |title=Singer Aabha Hanjura reacts to her song 'Hukus Bukus' being used in Rahul, Priyanka Gandhi video |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=1 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2019, she released two singles titled ''Dilbar Yuier Valo'' and ''Chalo Chinaro Ke Gharon'', respectively in Kashmiri and Hindi.<ref name=DP2019/> She released two singles in 2020, ''Nundbane'', from a poem by poet [[Mahmud Gami]], and ''Khoobsurat''.<ref name=DP2020/><ref>{{cite web |last=Purkayastha |first=Pallabi Dey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/aabha-hanjura-talks-about-the-inspiration-behind-her-song-khoobsurat/articleshow/78982313.cms |title= Aabha Hanjura talks about the inspiration behind her song 'Khoobsurat' |date=11 October 2020 |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2022, she began releasing tracks for an [[extended play]] (EP) called ''Sufistication Folk Sessions'', featuring several folk songs in multiple [[north India]]n languages,<ref name=TheHindu/> with ''Sahibo'', a Kashmiri prayer by poet [[Mehjoor]], and [[Folk music of Punjab|Punjabi folk]] song ''Kale Rang Da Paranda''.<ref name=MD>{{cite web |last=Pinto |first=Nascimento |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/uniqueness-of-kashmiri-music-can-be-described-with-its-sonic-identity-aabha-hanjura-23235952 |title=Uniqueness of Kashmiri music can be described with its sonic identity: Aabha Hanjura |date=14 July 2023 |work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> She also released a ''[[ghazal]]'' influenced romantic single in August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |title=This Is My Music: Aabha Hanjura |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/this-is-my-music-aabha-hanjura/ |work=Rolling Stone India |date=10 August 2022}}</ref> The last track of the EP, a [[Western Pahari languages|Pahari]] folk song, was released in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kadam |first=Bhagyashri |url=https://lehren.com/regional/aabha-hanjura-new-song-mere-hikduye-gadbad/164785/ |date=24 March 2023 |title=Aabha Hanjura's Mere Hikduye Gadbad Is A New Age Blend Of Folk |work=[[Lehren]] |access-date=18 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618080526/https://lehren.com/regional/aabha-hanjura-new-song-mere-hikduye-gadbad/164785/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Artistry==
Aabha Hanjura is known for making music that combines Kashmiri and other Indian traditional and folk styles with contemporary pop music.<ref name=NIE>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/Nov/04/bringing-long-lost-sounds-to-the-mainstream-2218959.html |title=Bringing long lost sounds to the mainstream |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=4 November 2020}}</ref> She describes her music as "eclectic folk-pop."<ref name=NIE/> She lists [[Lalleshwari]], [[Waris Shah]], [[Bulleh Shah]], [[Surinder Kaur]], [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Reshma (Pakistani singer)|Reshma]], [[Jagjit Singh]] and [[Junoon (band)|Junoon]] among influences.<ref name=MD/><ref>{{cite web |last=Kejriwal |first=Rohini |date=7 February 2014 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/384884/sound-kashmir.html |title=The sound of Kashmir |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Khurana |first=Suanshu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/aabha-hanjura-singer-songs-from-the-valley-6232156/lite/ |title=Art's job is to catalyse things: Sounds of Kashmir singer Aabha Hanjura |work=Indian Express |date=24 January 2020}}</ref> Her and her family's displacement from their homeland in the Kashmir valley, and a visit to her former house in the valley that she undertook as an adult, have shaped her artistry.<ref name=DP2020/> She states that she wishes to popularise Kashmiri music,<ref name=KL/> create a positive dialogue and build empathy towards [[Kashmiris]]—both Hindus and Muslims—through her music.<ref name=TheHindu/> Apart from her mother tongue Kashmiri, she has also sung in other north Indian languages such as [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Punjabi languages|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name=DP2019/>

==Personal life==
Hanjura is married and has a daughter.<ref name=STP/> She lives in Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sudeep |first=Theres |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/not-just-a-musician-also-a-storyteller-aabha-hanjura-820925.html |date=3 April 2020 |title=Not just a musician, also a storyteller: Aabha Hanjura |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Song
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2019
| ''[[No Fathers in Kashmir]]''
| "Hukus Bukus"
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Song
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019
| ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''
| "Hukus Bukus"
|
|}

==Discography==
===Singles===
*"Hukus Bukus" (2017)
*"Khanmoej Koor" (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-wanted-to-make-the-song-my-own-aabha-hanjura-2658378 |title='I wanted to make the song my own': Aabha Hanjura |last=Singh |first=Deepali |work=DNA |date=3 September 2018}}</ref>
*"Dilbar Yuier Valo: Roshewalla Part 1" (2019)<ref name=RS2019>{{cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/watch-aabha-hanjura-new-two-part-video-release-roshewalla/ |title=Watch Aabha Hanjura's New Two-Part Video Release 'Roshewalla' |date=31 July 2019 |work=[[Rolling Stone India]]}}</ref>
*"Chalo Chinaro Ke Gharon: Roshewalla Part 2" (2019)<ref name=RS2019/>
*"Nundbane" (2020)<ref>{{cite web |last=Britto |first=David |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/sufi-folk-artist-aabha-hanjura-sings-about-kashmirs-beauty-on-nundbane/ |date=15 July 2020 |title=Sufi-Folk Artist Aabha Hanjura Sings About Kashmir's Beauty on 'Nundbane' |work=Rolling Stone India}}</ref>
*"Khoobsurat" (2020)<ref>{{cite web |last=Monalisa |first=Monika |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/Nov/23/aabha-hanjura-with-a-note-of-positivity-2226731.html |date=23 November 2020 |title=Aabha Hanjura: With a note of positivity |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
*"Madano" (2022)<ref>{{cite web |last=Iyengar |first=Shriram |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai-guide/things-to-do/article/sufi-on-her-mind-23240100 |date=9 August 2022 |title=Sufi on her mind: Aabha Hanjura's Madano is a musical expression of her love for Kashmiri culture |work=Mid-Day}}</ref>

===Albums and EPs===
*"Sound of Kashmir"
*"Sufistication Folk Sessions" (2022–2023)
**"Sahibo" (2022)
**"Kale Rang Da Paranda" (2022)
**"Punjabi Folk Boliyan" (2022)
**"Kala Sha Kala" (2022)
**"Banku Deya Chachua" (2023)
**"Mere Hikduye Gadbad" (2023)<ref>{{cite web |last=Lulla |first=Sonia |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kashmiri-folk-musician-aabha-hanjura-showcases-notes-from-her-land-23277456 |title=Kashmiri folk musician Aabha Hanjura showcases notes from her land |date=27 March 2023 |work=Mid-Day}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm10206739|Aabha Hanjura}}

{{Portal bar|biography|music}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanjura, Aabha}}
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Indian Idol participants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Performers of Sufi music]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Travancore Rupee

2025-12-29T15:35:09Z

AntoineScaby: cleanup layout per sources and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|Official currency of the kingdom of Travancore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
The ''' Travancore rupee''' was a form of currency issued by the erstwhile [[India]]n [[princely state]] of [[Travancore]], which was primarily located in the modern Indian state of [[Kerala]]. The rupee was largely a newer currency in comparison to the older currencies of Travancore such as the [[Travancore Fanam|''Fanams'']], ''Achus'', ''Chuckrams'' as well as the ''Kasu'' (or Cash). Its creation was probably intended for the increase in trade with the [[British India|British]] and the high-value transactions therein.

[[File:Travancore Rupee - Front.jpg|thumb|Travancore Half Rupee - Front]]
[[File:Travancore Rupee - Reverse.jpg|thumb|Travancore Half Rupee - Reverse]]

The Travancore Rupee was the highest denomination of currency issued for general circulation. The highest face value issued was the '1/2 rupee'. While there had been plans to introduce 'One Travancore Rupee', this was never done.<ref>''Travancore State Manual'' by V. Nagam Aiya (1908), p170</ref> The half-rupee and the quarter-rupee remained the highest values issued for circulation. The Travancore Rupee was issued until the year 1946 remaining in circulation until 1949. It was replaced by the [[Indian rupee]] following Travancore's accession into India.

==Inscriptions==

Issues of the Travancore Rupee often had the names or insignia of the reigning monarch in English. The reverse features inscriptions in the native language of [[Malayalam]] as well as the royal insignia of Travancore. The inscriptions are largely a direct translation of the front of the coin. The year, when printed on the coins was based on the [[Malayalam calendar]] (and corresponding Malayalam Era - ME) which begins circa 825 AD. Therefore, the year of issue of the coin can be found by adding 825 to it. For example, the year of issue of a coin showing 1000, will be 1825 AD. Therefore, the year of issue of the coin with the year 1116, as depicted in the images, will be 1940-41.

Unlike the [[British Indian Rupee|Rupee]] issued by the [[British Raj|British]] and other princely States of India, the Travancore Rupee was subdivided into 7 [[Travancore Fanam]]s. These Fanams were further sub-divided into 4 Chakrams, each of 16 Cash.
We can see these sub-divisions in the following table -

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Unit !! Equivalent Sub-units
|-
| 1 Travancore Rupee || 7 Fanams
|-
| 1 Fanam || 4 Chuckrams
|-
| 1 Chuckram || 16 Cash
|}

As of the early 1900s, silver coins were issued in the denominations of Rupee and Chakrams. Their various values included 2 chakrams, 4 chakrams, 1/4 rupee (7 chakrams) and 1/2 rupee (14 chakrams). The cash or ''kashu'' coins were largely copper coins. They were struck in values of 1 cash, 4 cash and 8 cash. The exchange rate with the [[British Indian rupee]] was set at 1 British Indian rupee = 28 chakram, 8 cash; equivalently, 1 Tranvancore rupee = 15 annas, 8.63 pies of a British Indian rupee.<ref>{{cite book| title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Madras II: The Southern and West Coast Districts, Native States, and French Possessions|page= 419|year=1908| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI1kfvUKUiAC }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics|History|India}}
* [[Travancore]]
* [[Travancore Fanam]]
* [[Indian rupee]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rupee}}
{{Historic Indian currency and coinage}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Travancore Rupee}}
[[Category:Currencies of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Modern obsolete currencies]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Economy of Kerala]]
[[Category:Historical currencies of India]]
[[Category:Rupee]]

Marcha rice

2025-12-20T22:30:54Z

AntoineScaby: Creating New Entry Nd Citations

{{Short description|Type of non-Basmati aromatic rice from Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Marcha rice (मर्चा चावल)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names = Mircha, Marchaiya, and Maricha
| description =Marcha rice is an aromatic rice cultivated in [[Bihar]]
| type =[[Aromatic rice]]
| area = West Champaran district
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 31 July 2023
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/801|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Marcha rice''' is a variety of non-[[Basmati]], short-grained aromatic [[rice]] mainly grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in Ramnagar, Gaunaha, Mainatand, [[Chanpatia|Chanpatiya]], [[Narkatiaganj|Narkatiyaganj]] and [[Lauria Nandangarh|Lauriya]] blocks of [[West Champaran district]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jan 18 |first1=PTILast Updated |title=Bihar to launch conservation plan to protect 'Marcha rice', 'Govind Bhog', 'Sona Chur' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/bihar-to-launch-conservation-plan-to-protect-marcha-rice-govind-bhog-sona-chur/articleshow/97084141.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=18 January 2023}}</ref>

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "Marcha Rice".<ref name=":0" />

==Name==
The name "Marcha" is derived from the grain's resemblance to black pepper as in the state language of [[Hindi]], pepper is called Marcha (मर्चा चावल).<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar Most Expensive Rice: बिहार में उगाए जाने वाले इन 6 चावलों की कीमत उड़ा देगी आपके होश, स्वाद और सुगंध में नहीं है कोई जोड़ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/patna/photo-gallery-bihar-these-famous-magic-sticky-govind-bhog-sonachur-katarni-marcha-rice-price-taste-fragrance-will-amaze-you/2461601 |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=GI Tag: बिहार के मर्चा धान को मिल गया जीआई टैग, किसानों को मिलेगा फायदा |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/business/bihar-s-aromatic-marcha-rice-gets-gi-tag-7730527.html |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=News18 हिंदी |date=8 October 2023 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar's aromatic 'Marcha Rice' gets GI tag |url=https://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/news/NewsSearch.aspx?newsid=49886#:~:text=Bihar's%20aromatic%20'Marcha%20Rice'%20gets%20GI%20tag.&text=Bihar's%20famous%20'Marcha%20Rice'%20which,West%20Champaran%20district%20of%20Bihar. |website=Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) (Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India) |access-date=24 November 2024}}</ref> It is also locally known as Mircha, Marchaiya, and Maricha.

==Description==
List of characteristics and facts about Marcha Rice:<ref>{{cite news |title=Thanks to agri varsity experts, 'Marcha' rice of Bihar's West Champaran may get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/thanks-to-agri-varsity-experts-marcha-rice-may-get-gi-tag/articleshow/96072520.cms |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

===Characteristics===
* This rice variety has a unique aroma in plants, grains, and flakes. It offers palatability and produces high-quality aromatic rice flakes which are soft and sweet. The husk is dark brown and the grain shape is oval, short and bold, with a 100-grain weight of 1.6-2.2g. The crop has a pale-green color, broader leaves and more vigorous growth.

===Cultivation===
* This rice variety is suitable for clay and clay loam soil, and uses organic manures for nutrients.

===Agro-climatic Impact===
* This rice variety develops a unique aroma due to specific agro-climatic conditions, particularly in blocks along the [[Budhi Gandaki River|Budhi-Gandak]] (Sikarahna) River. The soil is enriched with minerals from runoff water from the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] terrain enriches the soil with minerals. A microclimate with low temperatures during October-November enhances aroma development. The aroma is present in the field from the seedling to the flowering stage.

===Disease Resistance===
* No major disease infestation recorded in Marcha rice.

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]], on 31 July 2023 and is valid until 28 November 2031.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar's aromatic 'Marcha Rice' gets GI tag |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bihar-s-aromatic-marcha-rice-gets-gi-tag-1207059.html |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Marcha Rice |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/801 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>

Marcha Dhan Utpadak Pragatisheel Samuh from Mainatand, proposed the GI registration of Marcha rice. After filing the application in November 2021, the rice was granted the GI tag in 2023 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Marcha rice" exclusive to the rice grown in the region.<ref>{{cite news |title='Marcha rice' bags GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/marcha-rice-bags-gi-tag/articleshow/104249769.cms |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar's aromatic 'Marcha Rice' gets GI tag |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/bihars-aromatic-marcha-rice-gets-gi-tag/articleshow/99274910.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=5 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/food/news/bihar-diwas-2024-marcha-rice-to-silao-khaja-7-gi-tagged-foods-from-the-state-article-108694520 |access-date=24 November 2024 |title=Bihar Diwas 2024 - Marcha Rice to Silao Khaja, 7 GI-Tagged Foods from the State |date=22 March 2024 }}</ref> It thus became the second rice variety from Bihar after [[Katarni rice]] and the 23rd type of goods from Bihar to earn the GI tag. The GI tag protects the rice from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.

==See also==
* [[Magahi Paan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bihar}}
{{Varieties of rice}}

[[Category:Rice varieties]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Rice varieties of India]]
[[Category:Rice production in India]]
[[Category:Economy of Bihar]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Bihar]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Bihar]]

Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh

2025-12-11T18:49:23Z

AntoineScaby: Starting

{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian LGBT Rights Case Law}}
{{Infobox court case
| name = Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh
| court = [[Allahabad High Court]]
| image =
| imagesize =
| imagelink =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| full name = Sultana Mirza {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Anr.|Another}} vs State of Uttar Pradesh {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}}
| date decided = 2 November 2020
| citations = {{URL|1=https://www.newsclick.in/sites/default/files/2020-11/Allahabad-High-Court-Order_LGBTQ_Police-Protection.pdf|2={{Abbr|Writ-C No.|Writ Case Number}} 17394 of 2020}}
| Plurality =
| JoinPlurality =
| Concurrence =
| ECLI =
| transcripts =
| judges = Shashi Kant Gupta {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}, Pankaj Bhatia {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| number of judges = 2
| decision by = Shashi Kant Gupta {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}, Pankaj Bhatia {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| concurring =
| dissenting =
| concur/dissent =
| prior actions =
| Overturned previous case =
| appealed to =
| subsequent actions =
| related actions =
| opinions = The Constitutional Court, is duty-bound to monitor and observe Constitutional morality, as well as the rights of citizens that are under threat solely due to sexual orientation.
| keywords = [[Cohabitation|Cohabitation Rights]], [[Queer|Queer Relationships]]
| italic title =
}}

'''Sultana Mirza {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Anr.|Another}} v. State Of Uttar Pradesh {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}} (2020)''', a decision of the [[Allahabad High Court]], established that the Constitutional Court bears the responsibility of overseeing and upholding both constitutional morality and the rights of citizens, particularly when these rights are endangered solely due to their sexual orientation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Allahabad HC Asks Shamli SP To Give Protection To a Same-Sex Couple |url=https://thewire.in/rights/allahabad-hc-shamli-sp-protection-to-same-sex-couple |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2020-11-04 |title='Duty Bound': HC Asks Cops to Give Protection to Same-Sex Couple |url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/gender/duty-bound-hc-asks-cops-to-give-protection-to-same-sex-couple |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite court|litigants=Sultana Mirza & Anr. v. State Of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.|court=[[Allahabad High Court]]|pinpoint=WRIT-C. No. 17394 of 2020|date=2 November 2020|url=https://www.newsclick.in/sites/default/files/2020-11/Allahabad-High-Court-Order_LGBTQ_Police-Protection.pdf}}</ref>

The [[Supreme Court of India]] acknowledged this case in its publication titled "Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community" as one of the [[High courts of India|High Court]] judgments that effectively addressed the difficulties and obstacles experienced by queer individuals within the justice system due to their systemic marginalization.<ref name=":02">{{Citation |last=Supreme Court of India |title=Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s388ef51f0bf911e452e8dbb1d807a81ab/uploads/2023/05/2023050154.pdf |pages=25 |publication-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602010134/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s388ef51f0bf911e452e8dbb1d807a81ab/uploads/2023/05/2023050154.pdf |publisher=Supreme Court of India |archive-date=2 June 2023 |author-link=Supreme Court of India}}</ref>

== Background ==
Sultana Mirza and her same-sex romantic partner have cohabited for several years, but their relationship has encountered opposition from both their family members and the broader community. Consequently, the couple fear potential harassment and threats that could jeopardize their safety and ability to enjoy their same-sex relationship and filed a writ petition for protection order.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

== Opinion of the Court ==
The Bench, guided by the Supreme Court's precedent in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]'', noted that sexual orientation constitutes an inherent aspect of the constitutional rights to liberty, dignity, privacy, personal autonomy, and equality. The bench further observed that the state bears both negative and positive obligations with regard to sexual orientation, encompassing not only refraining from discrimination but also recognizing and upholding rights that contribute to authentic well-being within same-sex relationships.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

Moreover, the bench drew upon the insights of the Supreme Court in ''Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)'', regarding Constitutional morality. Constitutional morality mandates that citizens should be well-acquainted with and supportive of the fundamental values of the Constitution, which include liberty, equality, and fraternity, as these ethical principles underpin the overarching goals of the Constitution. It is of paramount importance to acknowledge that the integration of constitutional morality occurs progressively and may continue over time in a society, and in order to foster this advancement, constitutional courts are entrusted with the responsibility of acting as external facilitators. The duty of the constitutional courts encompasses the oversight of upholding constitutional morality, a role essential for fostering an environment that supports the advancement of human dignity and liberty.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

{{Quote|text=This Court, being a Constitutional Court, is duty bound to monitor and observe Constitutional morality, as well as the rights of citizens that are under threat only on account of sexual orientation.|title=Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh|source={{Abbr|pp.|Page number}} 4 of 5}}

The Bench issued a directive to the Senior Superintendent of Police in Shamli, instructing them to furnish essential protection and ensure the prevention of any form of harassment against the couple.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Impact ==
The [[Supreme Court of India]] acknowledged this case in its publication titled "Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community" as one of the [[High courts of India|High Court]] judgments that effectively addressed the difficulties and obstacles experienced by queer individuals within the justice system due to their systemic marginalization.<ref name=":02" />

== Related Cases ==

=== High Court Cases ===
This section delves into relevant cases from the High Courts of India. It's important to note that judgments rendered by one High Court do not hold mandatory authority over another, but they can still be regarded as influential precedents.

==== ''Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh'' ====
{{Main article|Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh}}
In the related case of ''Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2021)'', a same-sex couple residing together, approached the [[Allahabad High Court]] seeking protection against threat to their life and liberty by family members and the immediate society. In contrast to the Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh, the verdict in ''Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh'' explicitly highlight the entitlement of queer individuals in relationships to equal citizenship and protection under the law and reinforced the principle of non-discrimination.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Sparsh |date=2021-01-28 |title=Same-Sex Couple Facing Discrimination:Allahabad High Court Calls It 'Stark Reality Of Society', Grants Them Protection |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/same-sex-couple-facing-discrimination-allahabad-high-court-protection-169054 |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite court|litigants=Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh|court=[[Allahabad High Court]]|pinpoint=WRIT-C No. 1213 of 2021|date=20 January 2021|url=https://translaw.clpr.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Poonam_Rani_v_State_of_UP_WRIC_A__1213_2021.pdf}}</ref>

A two-judge Bench of the Allahabad High Court, invoked the Supreme Court precedent set by ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]'', highlighted that individuals belonging to the queer community possess the same constitutional rights as all other citizens, encompassing protected liberties and equal citizenship, devoid of discrimination, and ensuring equal protection under the law. The Bench further noted that the freedom to select a partner, the capacity to derive satisfaction from intimate relationships, and the entitlement to be free from discriminatory conduct are inherent aspects of the constitutional protection of sexual orientation.<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":03" />

== See also ==
* [[LGBT rights in India]]
*[[Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh|Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2021)]]
*[[Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha|Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha (2020)]]
* [[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite court|litigants=Sultana Mirza & Anr. v. State Of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.|court=[[Allahabad High Court]]|pinpoint=WRIT-C. No. 17394 of 2020|url=https://www.newsclick.in/sites/default/files/2020-11/Allahabad-High-Court-Order_LGBTQ_Police-Protection.pdf}}
{{LGBT Rights Case Law in India|state=expanded}}{{LGBT in India|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights case law]]
[[Category:High courts of India cases]]
[[Category:Discrimination against LGBTQ people in India]]
[[Category:2020 in case law]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian law]]
[[Category:2020 in LGBTQ history]]

Mulagada mandal

2025-11-28T05:32:40Z

AntoineScaby: Creating First Data Initial Version

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mulagada mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.699095|N|83.224024|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Mulagada]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style =
| parts =
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Mulagada mandal''' is one of the 11 mandals in [[Visakhapatnam district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is administered under [[Visakhapatnam revenue division]] and its headquarters is located at [[Mulagada]]. The mandal lies on the south fringe of Visakhapatnam city and is bounded by [[Gajuwaka]] and [[Pedagantyada]] mandals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s32d6cc4b2d139a53512fb8cbb3086ae2e/uploads/2022/05/2022050917.pdf |title=Visakhapatnam district - District handbook of statistics |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Visakhapatnam district website, Government of AP}}</ref>

There are no villages in this mandal as it is located within the jurisdiction of [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]], which is responsible for the civic amenities of [[Mulagada]].<ref name=sub>{{cite web|title=Sub-District Details of Visakhapatnam District |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=13|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Visakhapatnam (urban) mandal villages |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/visakhapatnam.pdf |publisher=apland.ap.nic.in |accessdate=23 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319222910/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Visakhapatnam.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mandals in Visakhapatnam district]]

{{Visakhapatnam-geo-stub}}

Karishma Randhawa

2025-11-20T08:07:06Z

AntoineScaby:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karishma Randhawa
| image =
| image size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1983|05|23}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Karishma Randhawa Height Weight Age Affairs Body Stats|work=Bollywood Fox|url=https://bollywoodfox.com/karishma-randhawa-height-weight-age-bra-size-affairs-body-stats/|accessdate=25 May 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], India
| othername =
| occupation = [[Actress]], Entrepreneur
| spouse = {{marriage|''Kanwal Mookhey''|2007}}
| years_active = 2003–2011
| website =
| relatives = [[Yukta Mookhey]] (sister–in–law)
| children = 1 son & 1 daughter
}}
'''Karishma Mookhey''' ({{nee|'''Randhawa'''}}) is an Indian television and cinema actress.<ref>{{Instagram|karishma.mookhey}}</ref>

==Career==
Karishma started her career with the title role of Dollie in [[StarPlus]]'s ''[[Princess Dollie Aur Uska Magic Bag|Hello Dollie]]'', produced by [[Sagar Arts]].<ref name=Maahi>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/dollie-turns-preeto-maahi-ve | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203161559/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/dollie-turns-preeto-maahi-ve | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | title=Dollie turns Preeto with Maahi Ve | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=26 October 2005 | accessdate=7 December 2012 }}</ref> She has acted in a movie, ''Perfect Husband'' and has presented ''[[The Will Power]]'', a documentary for the [[BBC]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

Karishma was seen in [[Sahara One]]'s ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]'', ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'',<ref name=Marriage/> ''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Naaginn]]'' and a role in ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]'' has been announced.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Karishma was also seen playing the role of Tara Vadhera in the 2005–06 TV show ''[[India Calling]]'' that aired on [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]].<ref name=Calling>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k6/may/5may/news_india.php | title=Karishma Randhawa in India Calling | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=5 May 2006 | accessdate=7 December 2012 | author=Shyam, Kavita | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123002914/http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k6/may/5may/news_india.php | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> She played the role of Naintara Singh Rathore in the 2010–11 TV show ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]''. But she did not continue when the role was revived after a break for her family commitments.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/sonali-nikam-play-naintara-geet | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203205051/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/sonali-nikam-play-naintara-geet | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | title=Sonali Nikam to play Naintara in Geet | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=2 August 2011 | accessdate=7 December 2012 | author=Tiwari, Vijaya }}</ref>

Since then, she has switched careers and is a partner in an information technology venture with her husband.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

==Personal life==
Randhawa married Kanwal Mookhey, a businessman involved in information technology consultancy and brother of [[Miss World 1999]], [[Yukta Mookhey]], on 23 September 2007.<ref name=Marriage>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k7/jul/24jul/news_karisma.php | title=Arranged marriage for Karishma Randeva | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=24 July 2007 | accessdate=7 December 2012 | author=Trivedi, Rachana | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221043523/http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k7/jul/24jul/news_karisma.php | archive-date=21 February 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/parties/mumbai/Karishmas-1st-anniv-/articleshow/3509158.cms | title=Karishma Randhawa's 1st anniversary bash | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=21 September 2008 | accessdate=7 December 2012 | author=Bandekar, Prathamesh}}</ref> They have a daughter & a son.

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+TV shows
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004–2005 || ''[[Princess Dollie Aur Uska Magic Bag|Hello Dollie]]''<ref name=HelloDollie>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/dollie-clumsy-i-am-karishma-randeva | title=Karishma Randeva | date=1 June 2005 | access-date=1 April 2013 | archive-date=1 December 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201120100/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/dollie-clumsy-i-am-karishma-randeva | url-status=dead }}</ref> || Dollie
|-
| ''[[Tumhari Disha]]''<ref name=Maahi/> || Rano
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2005–2006 || ''[[Rabba Ishq Na Hove]]''<ref name=Maahi/> || Neha
|-
| ''Maahi Ve''<ref name=Maahi/> || Preeto
|-
| ''[[India Calling]]''<ref name=Calling/> || Tara Vadhera
|-
| 2006 || ''Suno...Harr Dill Kuchh Kehtaa Hai''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishma-randhawa-sunoharr-dill | title=Karishma Randhawa in Suno...Harr Dill... | date=20 May 2006 | publisher=Telly Chakkar | accessdate=7 December 2012 | archive-date=3 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103073312/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishma-randhawa-sunoharr-dill | url-status=dead }}</ref> ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai|Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]''|| Meghna (Episode 19)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007–2009 || ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]''<ref name=Doli>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishmas-negative-act-doli-saja-ke-rakhna-0 | date=20 May 2006 | publisher=Telly Chakkar | title=Karishma's negative act in Doli Saja Ke Rakhna! | access-date=1 April 2013 | archive-date=3 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103073456/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishmas-negative-act-doli-saja-ke-rakhna-0 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Back>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishma-back-0 | title=Karishma is back | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=27 November 2007 | accessdate=7 December 2012 | archive-date=3 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103073613/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/karishma-back-0 | url-status=dead }}</ref> || Riddhima
|-
| ''[[Rakhi (TV series)|Rakhi]]''<ref name=Back/> || Cameo role
|-
| 2008 || ''Pyar Ishq Aur Mohabat''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/ketki-rasik-do-show | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203165922/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/ketki-rasik-do-show | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | title=Ketki-Rasik to do a show | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=25 March 2008 | accessdate=7 December 2012 }}</ref> ||
|-
| 2010–2011 || ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/who-will-play-role-naintara-geet | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203121238/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/who-will-play-role-naintara-geet | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | title=Who will play the role of Naintara in Geet? | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=1 August 2011 | accessdate=7 December 2012 }}</ref> || Naintara Singh Rathore
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2948486}}
*{{Instagram|karishma.mookhey}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Randhawa, Karishma}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Female models from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Ben, Bihar

2025-10-29T07:46:28Z

AntoineScaby: put up initial page w/ infobox

{{Short description|Village in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Other uses|Ben (disambiguation){{!}}Ben}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ben
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.15072|N|85.36091|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = Ben
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.99
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3872
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 803114
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ben''' is a village and corresponding [[community development block]] of [[Nalanda district]], [[Bihar]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 6,525, in 1,144 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Ben had a population of 6,525, in 1,144 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|608}} This population was 51.4% male (3,352) and 48.6% female (3,173). The 0-6 age group numbered 1,133 (594 male and 539 female), making up 17.4% of the total population. 1,267 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 19.4% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Nalanda, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/293/download/822/DH_2011_1027_PART_B_DCHB_NALANDA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|232-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Ben (then part of [[Patna district]]) as having a total population of 2,604 people (1,296 male and 1,308 female), in 467 households and 438 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,919 acres and it had 2 primary schools, a [[kuttab|maktab]] and a [[madrasa]], a hospital, and a post office at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Bihar (1 - Patna) |date=1966 |url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29737/download/32918/22621_1961_PAT.pdf |access-date=26 October 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>{{rp|144}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Ben had 5 primary schools, 2 secondary schools, and 1 primary health centre. Drinking water was provided by tap, well, hand pump, and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Nalanda, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/292/download/818/DH_2011_1027_PART_A_DCHB_NALANDA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|608-12}}

== Villages ==
The following 32 villages are counted as part of Ben CD block:<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|199}}
# [[Akauna, Nalanda|Akauna]]
# [[Amia Bigha]]
# [[Arawan, India|Arawan]]
# [[At, Nalanda|At]]
# [[Babhaniawan, Nalanda|Babhaniawan]]
# [[Bara, Nalanda|Bara]]
# Ben
# [[Birbal Bigha]]
# [[Dharhara, Ben|Dharhara]]
# [[Eksara, Bihar|Eksara]]
# [[Gangti, Ben|Gangti]]
# [[Jafra]]
# [[Janaro]]
# [[Jangharo]]
# [[Karjara]]
# [[Khaira, Ben|Khaira]]
# [[Kolhua]]
# [[Kosnara]]
# [[Kutlupur, Ben|Kutlupur]]
# [[Madhaur, Bihar|Madhaur]]
# [[Majira]]
# [[Makhdumpur, Ben|Makhdumpur]]
# [[Mari, Nalanda|Mari]]
# [[Marsua, Nalanda|Marsua]]
# [[Mashespur]]
# [[Mohammadpur, Ben|Mohammadpur]]
# [[Murgawan, Nalanda|Murgawan]]
# [[Nohsa, Nalanda|Nohsa]]
# [[Ramganj, Nalanda|Ramganj]]
# [[Saure, India|Saure]]
# [[Sehri, Bihar|Sehri]]
# [[Sidhi Bigha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nalanda district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalanda district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Bihar]]

Indira Joshi (actor)

2025-10-26T13:02:26Z

AntoineScaby: started a post

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1942)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
'''Indira Joshi''' (born 2 March 1942) is an Indian actor <ref name="patterson">{{cite news |last1=Patterson |first1=Stephen |title=EastEnders star cast in Hollyoaks for Nadira wedding storyline |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/08/17/eastenders-star-indira-joshi-cast-in-hollyoaks-for-nadira-wedding-storyline-17199006/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=Metro |date=17 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> whose career has included playing [[Mariam Ahmed]] in ''[[EastEnders]]'' and Madhuri Kumar in ''[[The Kumars at No. 42]]'',<ref name="classic">{{cite web |title=The Kumars At No. 42 - 2001 |url=https://www.britishclassiccomedy.co.uk/the-kumars-at-no-42-2001 |website=British Classic Comedy |access-date=4 November 2023 |date=16 January 2014}}</ref> appearing in ''[[Grumpy Old Women]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Two - Grumpy Old Women, Series 2, Call Me Old Fashioned |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00791rn |website=BBC |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> and reading children's stories in ''[[Jackanory]]''.

Her two brothers Joe L. Joshi and Jai Hind Joshi attended [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)]] in India, while she attended its sister school.<ref name="cotton">{{cite web |title=Letter from Indira Joshi, on the recent OCA UK meet |url=https://oldcottonians.org/tag/indira-joshi/ |publisher=Old Cottonians Association |access-date=4 November 2023 |date=11 July 2014}}</ref>

She has two sons, Liev Shiva Dominic also known as Thubten his monk name, and Krishna Dylan.<ref name=cotton />

She has recorded audiobooks including [[Madhur Jaffrey]]{{'s}} ''Climbing the Mango Tree''.<ref name="brainfood">{{cite web |title=Climbing the Mango Trees written by Madhur Jaffrey performed by Indira Joshi on CD (Unabridged) |url=https://www.brainfoodaudiobooks.co.uk/climbing-the-mango-trees-written-by-madhur-jaffrey-performed-by-indira-joshi-on-cd-unabridged.html |website=www.brainfoodaudiobooks.co.uk |publisher=Brainfood Audiobooks UK |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb name|nm0430794}}
* {{cite web |title=Profile: Indira Joshi |url=https://app.spotlight.com/0480-5642-4359 |website=app.spotlight.com |publisher=Spotlight }}
* {{cite web |title=Indira Joshi : Actress - Films, episodes and roles |url=https://digiguide.tv/celebrity/Indira+Joshi/9993/# |website=digiguide.tv |access-date=}}
*{{cite web | title=Indira Joshi | url=https://thebwhagency.co.uk/client/indira-joshi/ |website=BWH Agency}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Indira}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century British actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century British actresses]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]

{{UK-tv-actor-stub}}

Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain

2025-10-25T20:42:18Z

AntoineScaby: Starting

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 1990)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox chess biography
| name = Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain
| image = Shrinjan_Rajkumar_Gohain.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age text|18 August 1990}}
| birth_place = [[Assam]], India
| rating = [https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5038235/chart 1905] (November 2015)<ref name="fide-ratings"/>
| FideID = 5038235
| country = India
| module =
{{Infobox person | child = yes
| education = [[St. Joseph's College of Commerce]]
}}
}}

'''Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain''' (''Rajkumar Shrinjan Singha''; born 18 August 1990<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5038235|access-date=2021-03-05|website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref>) is an Indian chess player.<ref name="Hindu2009-09-19">{{Cite news |date=2009-09-19 |title=Rajkumar triumphs |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Rajkumar-triumphs/article16517656.ece |issn=0971-751X |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304225151/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Rajkumar-triumphs/article16517656.ece |archive-date=4 March 2021}}</ref> He is the former Indian chess champion and a Arena [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain|url=https://chessarena.com/profile/526594|website=chessarena.com}}</ref> who has represented his state, [[Assam]], and India in numerous tournaments.<ref name="fide-ratings">{{Cite web|title=Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5038235|access-date=2021-03-02|website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref><ref name="NIIT2012-07-20">{{Cite press release |title=NIIT MindChampions' Academy completes 10 years of developing young minds through Chess in schools |url=https://www.niit.com/india/training/newsroom/Pages/press-rel.aspx?ID=56 |access-date=2021-03-03 |website=[[NIIT]] |date=20 July 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain was born in a [[Ahom people|Tai-Ahom]] family and descends from the [[Ahom dynasty]] with his family residences at [[Guwahati]], Moran in [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh District]] and [[Titabor]] in [[Jorhat district|Jorhat District]] of [[Assam]]. His father's family can be traced back to [[Ahom Kingdom]]'s royal family of [[Swargadeo]] [[Gadadhar Singha]] who established the rule of [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhungia]] royal house of Ahom kings, whose descendants continued to rule till the climactic end of the Ahom kingdom in 1826. Gohain is a direct descendant and seventh and sixth Great grandsons of Ahom Kings [[Swargadeo]] [[Rudra Singha]] and [[Swargadeo]] [[Rajeswar Singha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gogoi|first=Shanti Priya|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/amp/story/north-east-india-news/assam-news/shanti-gogois-autobiography-xuworonir-rangin-paat-released|title=Xuworonir Rangin Paat (Assamese book)|publisher=Nandita Hazarika|year=2018|location=Dibrugarh [[Assam]]}}</ref>

== Education ==

Gohain attended Maria's Public School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhar wins NIIT meet |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/dhar-wins-niit-meet/cid/872180 |date=30 July 2005 |location=Guwahati |website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |language=en}}</ref> in [[Guwahati]] before moving to Bangalore to complete pre-university studies. He then went to [[St. Joseph's College of Commerce|St. Joseph's College of Commerce, Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.sjccosa.org/pdf/welcome-SJCC-Booklet.pdf|title=St. Joseph's Collage of Commerce Bangalore, Magazine|publisher=[[St. Joseph's College of Commerce]]|year=2021|pages=14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-09-19|title=Rajkumar triumphs|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Rajkumar-triumphs/article16517656.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{fide|id=5038235}}
*{{Twitter|id=ShrinjanGohain}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gohain, Shrinjan Rajkumar}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Guwahati]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

List of international cricket centuries by Aravinda de Silva

2025-09-27T09:17:57Z

AntoineScaby: improve intro for accuracy and added references per standard format

{{Short description|none}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:SCC Ground Colombo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Aravinda de Silva scored seven of his thirty-one international cricket centuries at the [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]].<ref name=test/><ref name=odi/>|alt=View of a cricket stadium. Players in Test cricket outfits can also be seen.]]

[[Aravinda de Silva|Pinnaduwage Aravinda de Silva]] is a former [[cricketer]] and [[Captain (cricket)|captain]] of the [[Sri Lanka national cricket team]]. He scored [[century (cricket)|centuries]] (scores of 100 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] or more in a single [[innings]]) in [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] (ODI) cricket matches organised by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). He was named as one of the [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|''Wisden'' Cricketers of the Year]] in 1996.<ref name=de-silva/> Identified as "one of the game's best entertainers" by [[ESPNcricinfo]]'s Simon Wilde, De Silva scored 20 centuries in Tests and 11 in ODIs.<ref name=de-silva>{{cite web|title=Players / Sri Lanka / Aravinda de Silva|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/48462.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>

De Silva debuted in 1984 and scored his first Test century in October 1985 against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]].<ref name=test>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/48462.html?class=1;filter=advanced;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|title=Statistics / Statsguru / PA de Silva / Test matches|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=4 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215231737/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/48462.html?class=1;filter=advanced;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-date=15 February 2013}}</ref> In a [[man of the match|man-of-the-match]] performance, he scored 122 in an eight-and-a-half-hours innings.<ref>{{cite web|title=1st Test: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Faisalabad, Oct 16–21, 1985|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63412.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> He made centuries in both innings of a match when he scored 138 and 103 – [[not out]] in both innings – in the second Test of the [[Pakistan cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1996–97|1997 series against Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Test: Sri Lanka v Pakistan at Colombo (SSC), Apr 26–30, 1997|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63753.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> and {{As of|2022|3|alt=as of March 2022}}, he is the only player to score unbeaten centuries in both innings of a Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282951.html|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Hundred in each innings of a match|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> He repeated the feat of scoring centuries in both innings in the same year, when he scored 146 and 120 against [[Indian national cricket team|India]] in another man-of-the-match performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Test: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (SSC), Aug 9–13, 1997|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63763.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> De Silva's highest Test score of 267, achieved in January 1991 in [[Wellington]], was reached in 380 [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1st Test: New Zealand v Sri Lanka at Wellington, Jan 31 – Feb 4, 1991|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63549.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> The performance is the sixth-highest score by a Sri Lankan batsman in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;runsmin1=200;runsval1=runs;team=8;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130216011951/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;runsmin1=200;runsval1=runs;team=8;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|url-status= dead|archive-date= 16 February 2013|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 3 January 2012|title= Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records}}</ref> De Silva scored his twenty Test centuries against seven different opponents, and was most successful against Pakistan, making eight.<ref name=test/> {{As of|2013|4}}, he is thirty-fourth in the international Test century-makers list,{{#tag:ref|De Silva shares the position with [[Ken Barrington]], [[Mark Waugh]] and [[Graham Gooch]].<ref name="test_centuries">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html | title=Records – Test records – Batting records – Most hundreds in a career | work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>|group=lower-greek}} and third in the Sri Lankan list.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=8;type=team| title=Records – Test matches – Most hundreds in a career for Sri Lanka| work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=3 January 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915051452/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1%3Bid%3D8%3Btype%3Dteam| archive-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>

De Silva's maiden ODI century was against India in 1990; he scored 104 runs off 124 balls.<ref name=odi>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/48462.html?class=2;filter=advanced;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|title=Statistics / Statsguru / PA de Silva / One-Day Internationals|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215235209/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/48462.html?class=2;filter=advanced;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-date=15 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="odi1"/> His highest score in ODIs is 145, against [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] in the [[1996 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65183.html|title=28th Match: Sri Lanka v Kenya at Kandy, Mar 6, 1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> His score led Sri Lanka to 398, the [[List of One Day International cricket records#Highest innings totals|highest ODI total]] by any team at that time;<ref name=highest-totals>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=team_score;template=results;type=team;view=innings|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Team records|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024223222/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dteam_score%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dteam%3Bview%3Dinnings|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The record was surpassed by [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], which made 434 runs in March 2006.<ref name=highest-totals/> However it was outstripped in the same match when [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] made 438 runs.<ref name=highest-totals/> {{As of|2013|1}}, the record lies with Sri Lanka which made 443 runs against the [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] in July 2006.<ref name=highest-totals/>|group=lower-greek}} it was also the first century made by a Sri Lankan in a [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Wisden – Sri Lanka v Kenya|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151213.html|department=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref> He also scored a century in the second innings of the [[1996 Cricket World Cup Final|final]], making 107 runs not out.<ref name="odi5"/> {{As of|2013|4}}, he is twenty-sixth in the list of all-time ODI century-makers and sixth in the equivalent list for Sri Lanka.{{#tag:ref|De Silva shares the position with [[Gordon Greenidge]], [[Marvan Atapattu]], [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]], [[Viv Richards]] and [[Gautam Gambhir]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most hundreds in a career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282935.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>|group=lower-greek}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Sri Lanka / One-Day Internationals / Most hundreds|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=2;id=8;type=team|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921093449/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=2%3Bid%3D8%3Btype%3Dteam|archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> He was most successful against Pakistan, scoring 11 centuries in both Tests and ODIs put together.<ref name=test/><ref name=odi/> De Silva also holds the record for the tenth-fastest Test double century, which he attained while playing against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|title= Record List : Fastest hundreds in test cricket (100s, 200s & 300s).|url= http://www.itsonlycricket.com/entry/1500/|access-date= 3 March 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130618205726/http://www.itsonlycricket.com/entry/1500/|archive-date= 18 June 2013|url-status= dead}}</ref>

==Key==
[[File:Aravinda de Silva Test batting graph 10 innings average.svg|right|thumb|300px|An innings-by-innings breakdown of De Silva's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars, green for not out) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line)|alt=A graph of a cricketer's performance in red and green colours.]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Key for the tables
|-
! scope="col" style="width:50px" | Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:450px" | Meaning
|-
! scope="row" | *
| Remained [[not out]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{dagger}}
| [[Man of the match|Man of the Match]]
|-
! scope="row" | Pos.
| Position in the [[Batting order (cricket)|batting order]]
|-
! scope="row" | Inn.
| The [[Innings (cricket)|innings]] of the match
|-
! scope="row" | Test
| The number of the Test match played in that series
|-
! scope="row" | H/A/N
| Venue was at home (Sri Lanka), away or neutral
|-
! scope="row" | Date
| Date the match was held, or the starting date of match for Test matches
|-
! scope="row" |Lost
| The match was lost by Sri Lanka.
|-
! scope="row" | Won
| The match was won by Sri Lanka.
|-
! scope="row" | Drawn
| The match was [[Draw (cricket)|drawn]].
|}

==Test centuries==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of Test centuries scored by Aravinda de Silva
|-
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | No.
! scope="col; style="width:50px" | Score
! scope="col; style="width:30px" | Balls<ref name=balls group=lower-greek>The number of balls played for the first two centuries were not recorded.</ref>
! scope="col; style="width:110px" | Against
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | Pos.
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | Inn.
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | Test
! scope="col; style="width:275px" | Venue
! scope="col; style="width:40px" | H/A/N
! scope="col; style="width:75px" | Date
! scope="col; style="width:40px" | Result
! scope="col; class="unsortable" | Ref
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | 122 {{dagger}}
|| {{sort|—0000|—}} || {{cr|PAK}} || 7
|| 1 || 1/3 || [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1985|10|16}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test1">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63412.html|title=1st Test: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Faisalabad, Oct 16–21, 1985|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | 105 {{dagger}}
|| {{sort|—0000|—}} || {{cr|PAK}} || 3
|| 3 || 3/3 || [[National Stadium, Karachi]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1985|11|7}} || Lost ||<ref name="test2">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63414.html|title=3rd Test: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Karachi, Nov 7–11, 1985|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | 167 {{dagger}}
|| 361 || {{cr|AUS}} || 5
|| 2 || 1/2 || [[Brisbane Cricket Ground]], [[Brisbane]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1989|12|8}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test3">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63518.html|title=1st Test: Australia v Sri Lanka at Brisbane, Dec 8–12, 1989|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | 267
|| 380 || {{cr|NZ}} || 4
|| 2 || 1/3 || [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|1|31}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test4">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63549.html|title=1st Test: New Zealand v Sri Lanka at Wellington, Jan 31 – Feb 4, 1991|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | 123 {{dagger}}
|| 193 || {{cr|NZ}} || 4
|| 3 || 3/3 || [[Eden Park]], [[Auckland]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|3|1}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test5">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63551.html|title=3rd Test: New Zealand v Sri Lanka at Auckland, Mar 1–5, 1991|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | 148
|| 297 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 1 || 3/3 || [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1993|8|4}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test6">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63617.html|title=3rd Test: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (PSS), Aug 4–9, 1993|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 7
! scope="row" | 127
|| 156 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 2 || 1/3 || [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|8|9}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test7">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63652.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v Pakistan at Colombo (PSS), Aug 9–13, 1994|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 8
! scope="row" | 105
|| 316 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 3 || 2/3 || [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|9|15}} || Won ||<ref name="test8">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63691.html|title=2nd Test: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Faisalabad, Sep 15–19, 1995|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 9
! scope="row" | 168
|| 383 || {{cr|PAK}} || 3
|| 3 || 1/2 || [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|19}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test9">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63752.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v Pakistan at Colombo (RPS), Apr 19–23, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 10
! scope="row" | 138* {{dagger}}
|| 208 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 1 || 2/2 || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|26}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test10-11">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63753.html|title=2nd Test: Sri Lanka v Pakistan at Colombo (SSC), Apr 26–30, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 11
! scope="row" | 103* {{dagger}}
|| {{sort|099|99}} || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 3 || 2/2 || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|26}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test10-11"/>
|-
| 12
! scope="row" | 126
|| 211 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 2 || 1/2 || [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|8|2}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test12">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63762.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (RPS), Aug 2–6, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 13
! scope="row" | 146 {{dagger}}
|| 226 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 1 || 2/2 || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|8|9}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test13-14">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63763.html|title=2nd Test: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (SSC), Aug 9–13, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 14
! scope="row" | 120 {{dagger}}
|| 198 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 3 || 2/2 || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|8|9}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test13-14"/>
|-
| 15
! scope="row" | 110* {{dagger}}
|| 263 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 3 || 1/3 || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|11|19}} || Drawn ||<ref name="test15">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63775.html|title=1st Test: India v Sri Lanka at Mohali, Nov 19–23, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 16
! scope="row" | 143* {{dagger}}
|| 310 || {{cr|ZIM}} || 4
|| 4 || 2/2 || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|1|14}} || Won ||<ref name="test16">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63782.html|title=2nd Test: Sri Lanka v Zimbabwe at Colombo (SSC), Jan 14–18, 1998|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 17
! scope="row" | 152
|| 292 || {{cr|ENG}} || 4
|| 2 || 1/1 || [[Kennington Oval]], [[London]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|8|27}} || Won ||<ref name="test17">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63809.html|title=Only Test: England v Sri Lanka at The Oval, Aug 27–31, 1998|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 18
! scope="row" | 112 {{dagger}}
|| 276 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 2 || 1/3 || [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|2000|2|26}} || Won ||<ref name="test18">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63872.html|title=1st Test: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Rawalpindi, Feb 26 – Mar 1, 2000|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 19
! scope="row" | 106
|| 243 || {{cr|ENG}} || 4
|| 1 || 1/3 || [[Galle International Stadium]], [[Galle]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|2|22}} || Won ||<ref name="test19">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63916.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v England at Galle, Feb 22–26, 2001|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 20
! scope="row" | 206
|| 234 || {{cr|BAN}} || 5
|| 2 || 1/2 || [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2002|7|21}} || Won ||<ref name="test20">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63995.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v Bangladesh at Colombo (PSS), Jul 21–23, 2002|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|}

==One Day International centuries==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of ODI centuries scored by Aravinda de Silva
|-
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | No.
! scope="col; style="width:50px" | Score
! scope="col; style="width:30px" | Balls
! scope="col; style="width:110px" | Against
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | Pos.
! scope="col; style="width:10px" | Inn.
! scope="col; style="width:40px" | S/R
! scope="col; style="width:275px" | Venue
! scope="col; style="width:40px" | H/A/N
! scope="col; style="width:75px" | Date
! scope="col; style="width:40px" | Result
! scope="col; class="unsortable" | Ref
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sort|1030|104}}
|| 124 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|08387|83.87}} || [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1990|12|1}} || Lost ||<ref name="odi1">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64361.html|title=1st ODI: India v Sri Lanka at Nagpur, Dec 1, 1990|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sort|1050|105}} {{dagger}}
|| 105 || {{cr|AUS}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1992|8|15}} || Won ||<ref name="odi2">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64392.html|title=1st ODI: Sri Lanka v Australia at Colombo (PSS), Aug 15, 1992|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sort|1075|107*}} {{dagger}}
|| 100 || {{cr|ZIM}} || 4
|| 1 || {{sort|10700|107.00}} || [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|11|6}} || Won ||<ref name="odi3">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64479.html|title=3rd ODI: Zimbabwe v Sri Lanka at Harare, Nov 6, 1994|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sort|1450|145}} {{dagger}}
|| 115 || {{cr|KEN}} || 4
|| 1 || {{sort|12608|126.08}} || [[Asgiriya Stadium]], [[Kandy]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|3|6}} || Won ||<ref name="odi4">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65183.html|title=28th Match: Sri Lanka v Kenya at Kandy, Mar 6, 1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sort|1065|107*}} {{dagger}}
|| 124 || {{cr|AUS}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|08629|86.29}} || [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|3|17}} || Won ||<ref name="odi5">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65183.html|title=Final: Australia v Sri Lanka at Lahore, Mar 17, 1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | {{sort|1275|127*}} {{dagger}}
|| 123 || {{cr|ZIM}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|10325|103.25}} || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|9|3}} || Won ||<ref name="odi6">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65985.html|title=5th Match: Sri Lanka v Zimbabwe at Colombo (SSC), Sep 3, 1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 7
! scope="row" | {{sort|1220|122}}
|| 116 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|10517|105.17}} || [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|10|4}} || Lost ||<ref name="odi7">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66057.html|title=6th Match: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Nairobi (Gym), Oct 4, 1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 8
! scope="row" | {{sort|1340|134}} {{dagger}}
|| 131 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 1 || {{sort|10229|102.29}} || [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|7}} || Won ||<ref name="odi8">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65764.html|title=4th Match: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Sharjah, Apr 7, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 9
! scope="row" | {{sort|1040|104}} {{dagger}}
|| 117 || {{cr|IND}} || 4
|| 1 || {{sort|08888|88.88}} || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|8|24}} || Won ||<ref name="odi9">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64560.html|title=3rd ODI: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (SSC), Aug 24, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 10
! scope="row" | {{sort|1025|102*}}
|| 90 || {{cr|PAK}} || 4
|| 2 || {{sort|11333|113.33}} || [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|11|5}} || Won ||<ref name="odi10">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66128.html|title=5th Match: Pakistan v Sri Lanka at Lahore, Nov 5, 1997|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 11
! scope="row" | {{sort|1060|105}}
|| 94 || {{cr|IND}} || 3
|| 2 || {{sort|11170|111.70}} || [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|7|7}} || Lost ||<ref name="odi11">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66157.html|title=Final: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (RPS), Jul 7, 1998|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-greek}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1761/1761.html | title=Profile of Aravinda de Silva | publisher=CricketArchive}}
* {{cite web | url=http://cricket.yahoo.com/player-profile/Aravinda-De-Silva_939 | title=Profile of Aravinda de Silva | publisher=[[Yahoo! Cricket]]}}

{{International cricket centuries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:de Silva, Aravinda}}
[[Category:Sri Lanka cricket-related lists|De Sila, Aravinda]]
[[Category:Lists of international cricket centuries by player|De Sila, Aravinda]]

Hetampur, Bihar

2025-09-19T21:17:52Z

AntoineScaby: started a stub

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hetampur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.5033318|N|84.412014|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Democracy]]
| governing_body = [[Panchayati Raj]], Govt. of [[Bihar]] & Govt. of [[Republic of India]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 193
| population_total = 7575
| population_as_of = 2011 Census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 802158
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 53671
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jagdishpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Jagdishpur]]
| website = http://bhojpur.bih.nic.in/
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hetampur''' is a large village in [[Jagdispur]] tehsil of [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]], [[Bihar]], India.

==Population==
Hetampur is a large village located in Jagdishpur of Bhojpur district, Bihar with total 1214 families residing. The Hetampur village has population of 7575 of which 3962 are males while 3613 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Hetampur village population of children with age 0–6 is 1314 which makes up 17.35% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Hetampur village is 912 which is lower than Bihar state average of 918. Child Sex Ratio for the Hetampur as per census is 874, lower than Bihar average of 935.

Hetampur village has lower literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, literacy rate of Hetampur village was 61.12% compared to 61.80% of Bihar. In Hetampur Male literacy stands at 73.87% while female literacy rate was 47.27%.

The village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

===Castes===
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 14.26% of total population in Hetampur village. The village Hetampur currently doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population.

===Economy===
In Hetampur village out of total population, 3274 were engaged in work activities. 35.86% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 64.14% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 3274 workers engaged in Main Work, 365 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 344 were Agricultural labourer.

[[Image:Nilgai in Hetampur Fields.jpg|thumb|left|Nilgai (Bluebull)]]

==Language==
Common dialect is [[Bhojpuri language]]. [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] are also used.

==Villages near Hetampur==
* Kamriaon 3.8 km
* [[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]] 4.1 km
* Rani Sagar 8.1 km
* [[Shahpur, Bihar|Shahpur]] 9.0 km
* Raghunathpur 9.1 km
* Barhampur 14 km
* Baligaon 14 km
* [[Nawada]] 15 km
* Benwaliya 16 km
* Chaugain 17 km
* DIHARI 1.5 km

===Markets===
*[[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]] •Ara
*Nayka tola
*[[behea]]
*Banahi
*Uttardaha

==Connectivity==

===Railways===
Nearest railway stations are Banahi, Behea, and Ara which are well connected with major railway stations of North and Eastern Railways.

===Roadways===
*Highways:- State Highway 102(5.2 km away), [[National Highway 30 (India)|NH 30]](16.3 km away), [[National Highway 84 (India)|NH 84]](20.2 km away)
*It is connected to [[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]], Shahpur, Piro and State Highway 102 at [[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]] through Rural roads.
*There is also a new road completed under Pradhamantri Gramin Sarak Yojna of Govt. of India and its very fine running parallel to canal called Hetampur road connecting [[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]], State Highway, Naykatola, Shivpur, Hetampur and many more places

===Airways===
Nearest Airport is [[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport]], Phulwari Sharif, Patna which is nearly 90 km away from Hetampur

==Postal Address==
Post Office: HETAMPUR, District: [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]], [[Bihar]], Pin Code: 802158 [[India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Bhojpur government website(https://web.archive.org/web/20120614200657/http://bhojpur.bih.nic.in/d_history.htm)
*Census 2011(http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/247246-hetampur-bihar.html)

[[Category:Villages in Bhojpur district, India]]

National Highway 72 (India, old numbering)

2025-07-29T17:45:22Z

AntoineScaby: redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 707 (India)]]

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{{R with history}}
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